Selected quad for the lemma: england_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
england_n	france_n	king_n	spain_n	11,824	5	8.5387	4	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A69789	The history of Poland. vol. 2 in several letters to persons of quality, giving an account of the antient and present state of that kingdom, historical, geographical, physical, political and ecclesiastical ... : with sculptures, and a new map after the best geographers : with several letters relating to physick / by Bern. Connor ... who, in his travels in that country, collected these memoirs from the best authors and his own observations ; publish'd by the care and assistance of Mr. Savage.	Connor, Bernard, 1666?-1698.; Savage, John, 1673-1747.	1698 (1698)	Wing C5889; ESTC R8630	198,540	426

city_n have_v always_o above_o 2000_o soldier_n in_o service_n and_o they_o can_v easy_o maintain_v 12000_o but_o in_o case_n of_o necessity_n they_o have_v be_v know_v to_o have_v raise_v 60000._o for_o ship_n they_o have_v no_o man_n of_o war_n but_o abundance_n of_o merchantman_n of_o 3_o or_o 400_o tun_n each_o and_o 30_o or_o 40_o gun_n apiece_o they_o never_o trade_n so_o far_o as_o the_o east_n or_o west-indies_n but_o into_o the_o straits_n and_o all_o over_o europe_n they_o do_v prussia_n here_o it_o may_v not_o be_v improper_a to_o give_v your_o excellency_n some_o short_a account_n of_o their_o present_a coin_n in_o dantzick_n but_o first_o by_o way_n of_o digression_n i_o may_v observe_v that_o the_o coin_n which_o the_o teutonic_n order_v bring_v into_o prussia_n not_o prove_v sufficient_a to_o furnish_v that_o country_n with_o money_n those_o knight_n soon_o begin_v to_o set_v up_o mint_n and_o to_o coin_v money_n of_o their_o own_o there_o which_o they_o perform_v with_o so_o much_o accuracy_n that_o most_o nation_n have_v allow_v that_o wherever_o invent_v the_o art_n of_o coin_v be_v there_o first_o bring_v to_o perfection_n this_o have_v be_v confirm_v by_o the_o great_a antiquary_n spelman_n who_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o our_o english_a word_n sterling_n come_v from_o the_o easterling_n a_o people_n of_o prussia_n and_o who_o come_v from_o thence_o into_o england_n first_o teach_v we_o the_o art_n of_o refine_v and_o coin_v pure_a silver_n than_o we_o have_v before_o make_v use_n of_o dantzic_n the_o species_n of_o money_n now_o current_a in_o prussia_n or_o rather_o in_o dantzic_n be_v these_o gold_n ducat_n ourt_n choustack_n and_o chelons_n a_o ducat_n be_v worth_a two_o rixdollar_n or_o 9_o shilling_n english_a a_o ourt_n be_v a_o silver_n coin_n equal_a to_o the_o french_a piece_n of_o 15_o sous_fw-fr and_o worth_a 18_o gross_v of_o dantzic_n and_o 30_o of_o poland_n a_o choustack_n be_v of_o the_o value_n of_o 6_o dantzic-grosses_a or_o 10_o polish_v and_o as_o for_o their_o chelons_n three_o of_o they_o make_v one_o of_o their_o gross_v the_o far_a difference_n between_o the_o polish_v money_n and_o they_o stand_v thus_o the_o tinfe_fw-mi that_o be_v worth_a 30_o gross_v of_o polish_v chelons_n be_v worth_a but_o 18_o of_o those_o of_o dantzic_n the_o ducat_n which_o be_v of_o the_o value_n of_o 12_o frank_n of_o polish_v chelons_n be_v worth_a but_o 7_o of_o the_o current_a money_n here_o five_o choustack_n or_o a_o ourt_n and_o two_o choustack_n make_v a_o livre_fw-fr of_o dantzic-money_n because_o 5_o choustack_n make_v 30_o gross_v and_o 30_o gross_v make_v 20_o penny_n regain_v this_o city_n of_o dantzic_n be_v take_v from_o the_o dane_n by_o sabislaus_n grandson_n to_o swentorohus_n about_o the_o year_n 1186_o and_o be_v seize_v by_o the_o pole_n some_o short_a time_n after_o the_o knight_n of_o the_o teutonic_n order_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o it_o in_o 1305_o and_o wall_v it_o round_o in_o 1314._o casimir_n iii_o king_n of_o poland_n surname_v the_o great_a regain_v it_o in_o 1454_o and_o grant_v very_o great_a privilege_n to_o the_o citizen_n who_o afterward_o declare_v for_o the_o auspurg-confession_n side_v with_o maximilian_n of_o austria_n against_o stephen_n batori_fw-la insomuch_o that_o the_o latter_a proscribe_v and_o even_o besiege_v they_o in_o 1577._o but_o however_o by_o the_o mediation_n of_o other_o prince_n they_o be_v restore_v to_o their_o religion_n and_o liberty_n in_o 1597._o in_o 1656._o they_o vigorous_o repulse_v the_o suede_n and_o adhere_v to_o the_o interest_n of_o john_n casimir_n king_n of_o poland_n and_o at_o present_a they_o make_v one_o of_o the_o member_n of_o this_o state_n have_v be_v admit_v to_o a_o suffrage_n in_o the_o election_n of_o the_o polish_v monarch_n in_o the_o year_n 1632._o king_n this_o my_o lord_n be_v what_o i_o have_v be_v able_a to_o gather_v from_o dr._n connor_n memoir_n and_o the_o best_a author_n that_o have_v write_v any_o thing_n of_o the_o trade_n of_o poland_n and_o of_o the_o famous_a city_n of_o dantzic_n and_o wherein_o if_o i_o may_v not_o be_v so_o happy_a as_o to_o correspond_v every_o where_o with_o your_o excellency_n great_a knowledge_n of_o those_o matter_n i_o hope_v at_o least_o i_o may_v be_v excuse_v upon_o account_n of_o my_o good_a will_n to_o entertain_v you_o and_o the_o public_a as_o far_o as_o my_o assistance_n go_v which_o if_o grant_v will_v abundant_o recompense_v the_o endeavour_n of_o my_o lord_n your_o excellency_n most_o humble_a servant_n j._n s._n letter_n viii_o to_o the_o right_n honourable_a charles_n earl_n of_o burlington_n of_o the_o origin_n of_o the_o teutonic_n order_n and_o the_o succession_n of_o all_o its_o great_a master_n in_o the_o holy-land_n prussia_n and_o germany_n together_o with_o its_o present_a state_n in_o the_o empire_n my_o lord_n dr_n connor_n have_v design_v this_o letter_n for_o your_o lordship_n entertainment_n and_o not_o have_v have_v leisure_n to_o accomplish_v it_o himself_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o urgency_n of_o his_o profession_n desire_v of_o i_o to_o address_v it_o for_o he_o but_o upon_o a_o just_a reflection_n on_o the_o meanness_n of_o my_o ability_n and_o a_o awful_a regard_n to_o your_o lordship_n grandeur_n i_o find_v i_o have_v more_o than_o ordinary_a reason_n to_o decline_v it_o yet_o however_o upon_o balance_v your_o goodness_n with_o your_o great_a quality_n and_o consider_v my_o well_o mean_v at_o the_o same_o time_n with_o my_o attempt_n i_o hope_v i_o may_v not_o be_v so_o unfortunate_a as_o to_o offend_v if_o i_o undertake_v it_o and_o the_o rather_o because_o of_o the_o great_a conformity_n which_o the_o subject_n i_o be_v to_o write_v of_o have_v with_o the_o hope_n which_o the_o nation_n have_v in_o you_o my_o lord_n order_n your_o lordship_n will_v here_o find_v that_o this_o order_n be_v first_o found_v to_o reward_n and_o encourage_v great_a action_n and_o that_o particular_o in_o the_o german_a nation_n whence_o it_o come_v to_o have_v the_o title_n of_o teutonic_n for_o when_o the_o emperor_n frederic_n barberossa_n have_v engage_v in_o the_o crusade_n for_o recovery_n of_o the_o holy-land_n a_o great_a number_n of_o german_a nobility_n and_o gentry_n join_v his_o army_n as_o volunteer_n of_o this_o crusade_n be_v several_a other_o great_a prince_n of_o europe_n such_o as_o philip_n king_n of_o france_n richard_n i._o king_n of_o england_n frederic_n duke_n of_o suabia_n the_o duke_n of_o austria_n and_o bavaria_n philip_n earl_n of_o flanders_n plorant_fw-la earl_n of_o holland_n etc._n etc._n after_o this_o emperor_n death_n the_o german_n be_v before_o acon_n or_o ptolemais_n which_o they_o then_o besiege_v choose_v for_o their_o leader_n frederick_n duke_n of_o suabia_n second_o son_n to_o the_o aforesaid_a emperor_n and_o henry_n duke_n of_o brabant_n under_o these_o general_n they_o behave_v themselves_o so_o well_o both_o at_o the_o take_n of_o acon_n 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neither_o understanding_n the_o language_n of_o that_o place_n nor_o know_v where_o to_o lodge_v receive_v they_o hospitable_o into_o his_o house_n and_o give_v they_o all_o manner_n of_o suitable_a entertainment_n afterward_o obtain_v leave_n of_o the_o patriarch_n he_o erect_v a_o chapel_n for_o they_o and_o dedicate_v it_o to_o the_o virgin_n mary_n whence_o the_o knight_n that_o be_v establish_v there_o afterward_o come_v to_o have_v the_o title_n of_o equites_fw-la mariani_n other_o german_a gentleman_n contribute_v large_o to_o the_o maintain_n and_o increase_n this_o charitable_a work_n insomuch_o that_o in_o a_o short_a time_n these_o knight_n become_v very_o numerous_a and_o wealthy_a and_o give_v themselves_o to_o military_a employment_n and_o to_o act_n of_o piety_n and_o charity_n title_n in_o the_o year_n 1190_o they_o elect_v their_o first_o great_a master_n henry_n walpot_n and_o in_o the_o year_n follow_v have_v their_o order_n confirm_v upon_o the_o request_n of_o

the_o late_a war_n have_v be_v thereby_o able_a to_o contribute_v so_o large_o towards_o the_o oppose_a a_o potent_a monarch_n who_o otherwise_o may_v have_v be_v so_o far_o from_o afford_v such_o wonderful_a concession_n as_o we_o have_v obtain_v by_o the_o late_a happy_a peace_n that_o he_o may_v rather_o in_o all_o probability_n have_v overrun_v the_o great_a part_n of_o europe_n why_o as_o for_o the_o trade_n of_o poland_n my_o lord_n the_o pole_n be_v but_o little_o addict_v to_o industry_n of_o that_o kind_n the_o gentry_n be_v absolute_o forbid_v it_o on_o the_o forfeiture_n of_o their_o honour_n and_o the_o commonalty_n for_o the_o most_o part_n want_v fund_n sufficient_a to_o promote_v it_o therefore_o what_o trade_n they_o have_v be_v chief_o follow_v by_o foreign_a merchant_n beside_o those_o of_o the_o pole_n who_o have_v the_o best_a fortune_n general_o spend_v too_o much_o of_o their_o revenue_n in_o costly_a habit_n and_o luxury_n to_o be_v able_a to_o undergo_v any_o considerable_a matter_n in_o traffic_n also_o this_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n be_v not_o in_o the_o least_o commodious_a for_o such_o a_o undertake_n it_o not_o have_v any_o considerable_a port_n that_o of_o dantzic_n only_o except_v which_o will_v suffice_v for_o the_o exotic_a trade_n of_o so_o vast_a a_o country_n hence_o it_o follow_v that_o what_o commodity_n be_v transport_v into_o foreign_a country_n be_v so_o very_o inconsiderable_a that_o though_o they_o be_v of_o several_a sort_n and_o of_o general_a use_n yet_o be_v counterpoise_v by_o the_o incredible_a quantity_n and_o rich_a variety_n of_o foreign_a merchandise_n they_o scarce_o suffice_v for_o balance_n to_o the_o cloth_n silk_n jewel_n tapestry_n fruit_n spice_n saltfish_n wine_n tin_n steel_n etc._n etc._n import_v from_o england_n flanders_n portugal_n spain_n etc._n etc._n import_v starovolscius_fw-la enumerate_v the_o divers_a particular_n export_v and_o import_v wherein_o it_o may_v not_o be_v improper_a to_o follow_v he_o he_o say_v that_o over_o and_o above_o those_o already_o mention_v there_o be_v likewise_o rich_a fur_n gold_n and_o silver_n both_o wrought_v and_o unwrought_a and_o great_a variety_n of_o kickshaw_n and_o delicacy_n import_v and_o as_o for_o what_o be_v export_v they_o be_v wheat_n barley_n oat_n rye_n millet_n and_o all_o sort_n of_o grain_n and_o pulse_n wool_n hemp_n flax_n hops_n a_o sort_n of_o herb_n for_o die_v hides_n tallow_n tan_a leather_n fur_n bring_v out_o of_o musaovy_n but_o dress_v here_o and_o transport_v from_o hence_o likewise_o polish_v fur_n honey_n wax_n amber_n pitch_n pot-ash_n mast_n plank_n and_o several_a material_n both_o for_o shipwright_n and_o other_o builder_n poland_n also_o export_v salt_n beer_n opium_n vitriol_n nitre_n lapis_fw-la lazuli_fw-la vermillion_n brass_n lead_v iron_n copper_n pit-coal_n glass_n and_o earthen_a ware_n moreover_o it_o supply_v the_o neighbour_a country_n with_o horse_n very_o much_o covet_v for_o their_o swiftness_n hardiness_n and_o easy_a pace_n it_o also_o furnish_v other_o nation_n with_o vast_a number_n of_o ox_n sheep_n hog_n etc._n etc._n with_o which_o it_o great_o abound_v why_o notwithstanding_o all_o these_o exportation_n yet_o as_o i_o say_v before_o the_o trade_n of_o poland_n be_v overbalanced_a by_o foreign_a commodity_n whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o there_o be_v but_o little_a money_n to_o be_v meet_v with_o in_o that_o kingdom_n what_o small_a matter_n the_o merchant_n receive_v for_o their_o good_n at_o dantzic_n they_o general_o give_v to_o the_o hungarian_n etc._n etc._n for_o wine_n nevertheless_o they_o have_v some_o foreign_a coin_n and_o some_o of_o their_o own_o stir_v among_o they_o poland_n that_o which_o be_v most_o current_a in_o the_o kingdom_n be_v either_o all_o of_o copper_n or_o copper_n mix_v with_o silver_n though_o they_o have_v likewise_o some_o few_o silver_n and_o gold_n coin_n of_o their_o own_o the_o two_o first_o of_o these_o sort_n be_v the_o most_o common_a and_o which_o be_v always_o coin_v in_o such_o small_a piece_n that_o it_o be_v very_o troublesome_a either_o receive_n or_o pay_v out_o any_o sum._n of_o the_o first_o kind_n be_v their_o chelons_n be_v of_o copper_n silver_v over_o whereof_o three_o make_v a_o polish_v gross_a the_o gross_v of_o dantzic_n be_v of_o great_a value_n and_o three_o gross_v the_o value_n of_o two_o penny_n of_o their_o money_n though_o hauteville_n say_v these_o nine_o chelons_n be_v not_o worth_a above_o a_o french_a sous_fw-fr poverty_n this_o base_a polish_v coin_n contribute_v very_o much_o towards_o the_o poverty_n of_o this_o kingdom_n it_o be_v introduce_v on_o account_n of_o necessity_n when_o the_o pole_n have_v no_o money_n to_o pay_v their_o army_n which_o begin_v to_o confederate_a and_o join_v in_o a_o rokosz_n for_o want_v of_o it_o it_o be_v not_o likewise_o of_o late_a day_n that_o this_o coin_n have_v be_v introduce_v for_o the_o officer_n of_o casimir_n iii_o be_v say_v to_o have_v coin_v it_o and_o which_o be_v afterward_o grievous_o exclaim_v against_o at_o the_o diet_n hold_v at_o petrikow_n in_o the_o year_n 1459_o under_o the_o reign_n of_o casimir_n the_o great_a in_o those_o day_n it_o seem_v the_o king_n have_v a_o power_n to_o coin_v money_n and_o the_o first_o that_o resign_v his_o right_n to_o the_o republic_n be_v sigismond_n iii_o in_o the_o year_n 1632._o coin_n the_o next_o of_o their_o coin_n be_v call_v choustack_n be_v small_a piece_n of_o silver_n of_o base_a alloy_n whereof_o three_o make_v a_o tinfe_fw-mi which_o be_v also_o a_o sort_n of_o silver_n money_n of_o base_a alloy_n this_o be_v first_o coin_v to_o satisfy_v the_o mutinous_a army_n in_o the_o year_n 1663._o of_o the_o value_n of_o about_o 15_o d._n these_o coin_n be_v not_o the_o same_o in_o prussia_n and_o dantzic_n as_o shall_v be_v show_v hereafter_o the_o polish_v silver_n coin_n of_o good_a alloy_n be_v the_o attine_n or_o four_o penny_n halfpenny_n and_o the_o trigross_v and_o segross_v the_o former_a of_o which_o two_o last_n be_v three_o and_o the_o latter_a six_o time_n the_o value_n of_o a_o gross_a yet_o of_o these_o three_o there_o be_v at_o this_o day_n but_o very_a few_o remain_v as_o for_o gold_n coin_n casimir_n the_o great_a be_v the_o first_o that_o cause_v any_o to_o be_v stamp_v in_o poland_n but_o of_o which_o either_o coin_v by_o that_o king_n or_o his_o successor_n there_o be_v few_o now_o make_v use_n of_o the_o silver_n and_o gold_n coin_n that_o have_v any_o currency_n in_o the_o kingdom_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n foreign_a those_o of_o gold_n be_v ducat_n which_o be_v worth_a two_o french_a crown_n or_o two_o german_a rixdollar_n those_o of_o silver_n be_v general_o of_o the_o german_a coin_n why_o though_o it_o may_v hereby_o appear_v that_o the_o polish_v wealth_n be_v not_o over_o considerable_a yet_o say_v starovolscius_fw-la it_o have_v always_o be_v sufficient_a to_o defray_v the_o expense_n of_o the_o kingdom_n without_o the_o help_n of_o any_o neighbour_n though_o the_o same_o author_n afterward_o give_v this_o character_n of_o his_o countryman_n that_o they_o be_v not_o over_o rich_a by_o reason_n of_o their_o send_v the_o great_a part_n of_o their_o commodity_n abroad_o and_o general_o receive_v nothing_o in_o return_n but_o such_o as_o serve_v to_o support_v luxury_n and_o encourage_v vice_n hauteville_n give_v another_o reason_n why_o the_o pole_n may_v not_o be_v so_o rich_a as_o former_o which_o be_v because_o of_o the_o many_o and_o frequent_a incursion_n of_o the_o muscovite_n turk_n cosacks_n and_o tartar_n into_o this_o kingdom_n who_o be_v accustom_v to_o carry_v off_o great_a number_n into_o slavery_n and_o thereby_o to_o dis-people_n the_o country_n also_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o many_o bloody_a war_n and_o sweep_a pestilency_n which_o this_o country_n have_v undergo_v trade_n have_v already_o speak_v of_o the_o trade_n of_o poland_n in_o general_a it_o may_v not_o be_v here_o amiss_o to_o entertain_v your_o excellency_n with_o some_o particular_n relate_v thereunto_o and_o first_o i_o shall_v observe_v something_o of_o salt_n which_o be_v omit_v in_o the_o first_o volume_n of_o this_o undertake_n salt_n the_o space_n or_o ally_n which_o i_o there_o take_v notice_n of_o be_v form_v by_o row_n of_o large_a pillar_n cut_v out_o of_o the_o salt_n to_o keep_v the_o earth_n from_o fal_v in_o and_o which_o by_o reflection_n of_o the_o light_n make_v a_o very_a agreeable_a prospect_n seem_v so_o many_o row_v of_o sparkle_a crystal_n the_o salt_n be_v take_v out_o of_o these_o mine_n in_o huge_a mass_n and_o lay_v in_o heap_n all_o about_o the_o entrance_n whence_o it_o be_v transport_v in_o carriage_n throughout_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n except_o prussia_n only_o where_o french_a salt_n be_v alone_o make_v use_n of_o this_o salt_n be_v ground_n in_o mill_n like_o corn._n the_o gentry_n of_o this_o