Selected quad for the lemma: england_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
england_n	france_n	king_n	scot_n	6,682	5	9.6489	5	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A50038	The natural history of Lancashire, Cheshire, and the Peak in Derbyshire with an account of the British, Phœnician, Armenian, Gr. and Rom. antiquities in those parts / by Charles Leigh ...	Leigh, Charles, 1662-1701?	1700 (1700)	Wing L975; ESTC R20833	287,449	522

seems were for the Preservation of the Memory of Two Centuriont that had so many Years faithfully and worthily served the Romans there In the Year 1692 under the Root of an Oak in Med-Lock near Knot-Mill was found a Stone Three Quarters long Fifteen Inches broad Eleven Inches thick with the Letter'd side downward which Mr. Cambden saw not at least before the Finishing his Britania but is now to be seen in the Garden of Holme the Seat of Sir Iohn Bland Bar to whom that Estate descended the same formerly belonging to the Moseley's in Right of his Wife a Lady of great Temper Piety and Prudence The Inscription of the Stone is thus FORTVNAE CONSERVA TRICI LVCIVS SENACIANIVS MARTIVSBLEG VI. VICT. This seems to be an Altar dedicated to Fortune by Lucius Senecianus Martius Brutus a Commander in the Sixth Legion which remained in York in the Time of Severus his being there after he had vanquished Albinus General of the Britains and reduced their State under his Obedience It was surnamed Victrix and is plac'd by Dio in Lower Britain and the Twentieth Legion surnamed also Victrix remain'd at Chester which was plac'd in Higher Britain This Division it seems was made by the said Severus and the Country about it where these Legions were were divided into little Regions since call'd Hydes This was part of the Kingdom of Deiara several of whose Youth being sent to Rome and Pope Gregory admiring their Beauty sent over Augustine to convert the English Edward the First King of the West Saxons and afterwards of the Mercians sent into the Kingdom of the Northumbers an Army of the Mercians saith Hoveden ordering that they should fortifie the City of Manchester and place valiant Soldiers in it it being defac'd by the Danes It was a Frontier Town betwixt the Mercians that inhabited Cheshire and Derbyshire and the Northumbers inhabiting Lancashire and Yorkshire and in their Wars and mutual Incursions was sometimes possessed by the Mercians and sometimes the Northumbers Thus far our Author proceeds As to the present State of the Town it is vastly populous of great Trade Riches and Industry particularly for the Fustian Manufacture and Printing them as for those likewise which are call'd Manchester Wares both which are now sent all over the Kingdom as well as to the Indies It is watered by the Rivers Erwell and Irke Little can be added of Lancaster for Antiquity save that it was doubtless a Roman Fortress as appears by the Roman Wall and Road leading to it it is at this time a very thriving Corporation and an improving Port Its Eminency chiefly lies in this that many Branches of the Royal Family have enjoy'd Titles deriv'd from it which for the Dignity of the County in general I will enumerate as briefly as possible The First that was stiled Lord of the Place in the Beginning of the Norman Government was Roger of Poictou surnamed Pictarensis because his Wife came out of Poictou in France He was succeeded in that Honour by William Earl of Morton and Warren upon whose Death King Richard the First bestow'd it on his Brother Iohn afterwards King of England of whom Gualter De Hemingford and R. Hoveden gives this Account That King Richard shew'd great Affection to his Brother Iohn for besides Ireland and the Earldom in Normandy he bestow'd upon him such great Preferment in England that he was in a manner Tetrarch there For he gave him Cornwall Lancaster Nottingham and Derby with the adjacent Country and many other Things After this King Henry III. Son of King Iohn promoted his younger Son Edmund Crouchback he having been prevented of the Kingdoms of Sicily and Apuleia to the Earldom of Lancaster giving it in these Words The Honour Earldom Castle and Town of Lancaster with the Cow-Pastures which at this Day they call Vaccaries from thence and Forest of Wiresdale Lownsdale New-Castle under Lime with the Mannor Forest and Castle of Pickering the Mannor of Scateby the Village of Gormancester and the Rents of the Town of Huntingdon Edmund had Issue Thomas Henry and Iohn who died unmarried which Thomas was Second Earl of Lancaster and was succeeded in that Honour by his Brother Henry whose Son Henry was in Parliament created Duke of Lancaster being the Second Dukedom that was erected in England that of Cornwall being the First in the Person of Edward the Black Prince and left Two Daughters Maud Dutchess of Bavaria and Blanch married to Iohn of Gaunt so call'd because he was born at Ghent in Flanders Fourth Son of Edward the Third who thereby coming to the whole Estate and being now equal to many Kings in Wealth was created Duke of Lancaster by his Father he also obtain'd the Royalties from him and the King then advanced the County of Lancaster into a Palatinate By this Rescript wherein after he had declar'd the great Service he had done his Country at Home and Abroad he adds We have granted from Us and our Heirs to our Son aforesaid that he during his Term of Life shall have within the County of Lancaster his Chancery and his Writs to be issued out under his own Seal belonging to the Office of Chancellor his Justices likewise as well for Pleas of the Crown as for other Pleas relating to Common Law to have Cognizance of them and to have Power of making all Executions whatsoever by his Writs and Officers and to have all other Liberties and Royalties whatsoever appertaining to a County Palatine as freely and fully as the Earl of Chester within the said County is known to have Nor was he only Duke of Lancaster but by Marriage with Constantia Daughter to Peter King of Castile sometime bore the Title of King of Leon and Castile but by Contract he parted with this Title and in the Thirteenth of King Richard the Second was created Duke of Aquitaine by Consent of Parliament to the great Dissatisfaction of the Country At that Time his Titles were Iohn Son to the King of England Duke of Aquitaine and Lancaster Earl of Derby Lincoln and Leicester and High Steward of England After this Henry de Bullingbrook his Son succeeded in the Dutchy of Lancaster who having deposed Richard the Second obtained the Crown and conferr'd that Honour upon Henry his Son afterwards King of England and that he might entail it upon him and his Heirs for ever he had an Act of Parliament made in these Words We being unwilling that our said Inheritance or Liberties by reason of our now assuming the Regal Seat and Diguity shou'd be any ways chang'd transferr'd diminish'd or impair'd but that our said Inheritance with its Liberties and Rights aforesaid shou'd in the same Manner and Form Condition and State wherein they descended and fell to us and also with all and singular Liberties Franchizes and Priviledges Commodities and Profits whatsoever which our Lord and Father in his Life-time had and held it for term of his Life by Grant of the late King Richard and wholly

a Nitro-aerial Spirit and for that Hypothesis recites the same Experiments Dr. Willis does for that of Fire the same difficulties therefore lying against that Notion as the Doctors I shall not recapitulate but pass it over these are the most remarkable Authors that have writ on this subject I shall therefore in the last place propose my own Sentiments on that Head my Thoughts are that in all living Creatures whatever there is a Spiritual immaterial Being that thinks and actuates them To this some may reply if so where then is the difference betwixt Man and Beast There Souls must be both equally immortal with sounds contrary to Revealed Religion To those I answer that these Creatures have only a lower degree of Reason not comparable to that of Man even as we can imagine ours to be Inferiour to the Intuitive Knowledge of Angels their Allegations therefore on this account are Foreign to the purpose but suppose I allow farther that the Almighty may Annihilate the Souls of these Creatures after Death but whether he do or not or in what future State they are like to be since his Infinite Wisdom has not condescended to Reveal his Actions so far to Mankind does it at all concern me And therefore I can easily conclude with the Philosopher Quae supra nos nihil ad nos and it wou'd be much better to acquiesce in a modest ignorance than disturb our selves and amuse the World with these unaccountable Theorems Having thus far accounted for Phoenomena preternatural in Animals in the next place I shall descend to give an account of Persons in these Parts that have been Eminent for their Learning and Inventions in Natural Philosophy or Mechanicks Amongst these the Learned Dr. Pearson may justly be placed the first witness his most Learned Exposition on the Creed and his unanswerable piece de successione Patrum which at this day is receiv'd in the Vatican it self though he a Bishop of a different persuasion from him that presides there and esteemed as Sacred as a general Councel or any Authority of the most noted Father For Learning likewise and Pious generosity Bishop Smith and Dean Nowel have immortaliz'd their Names the former was one of the Founders of Brazen-Nose College in Oxford the latter gave several Scholarships to it which to this day are called the Nowellians to these Men of Learning we may justly add Sir Peter Leicester of Tabley to whom the World owes a great deal of Thanks for his History of the Antiquities of Buckley-Hunder'd and I hope it may be Pardonable though I add my great Grandfather William Legh Parson of Standish he was Tutor to Prince Henry and Chaplain to Henry Earl of Derby As to Pious and Charitable Foundations there are three very remarkable in Manchester in Lancashire viz. a College a Publick School and an Hospital The College was first founded Ann. Dom. 1421. By Thomas De la Ware first Rector of the said Parish Church and Brother to the Lord De la Ware whom he succeeded in Estate and Honour and then Founded a College there consisting of one Master or Keeper Eight Fellows Chaplains Four Clerks and Six Choristers in Honour of St. Mary St. Denis of France and St. George for England to whom the said Parish Church was formerly Dedicated This Foundation was dissolved 1547 in the first Year of King Edward VI. the Lands and Revenues of it taken into the King's Hands and by him demised to the Earl of Derby and the College House and some Lands sold to the said Earl The College was refounded by Queen Mary who restored most of its Lands and Revenues only the College it self and some of the Revenues remained still in the hands of the Earl of Derby it was also Founded a new by Queen Elizabeth Ann. Dom. 1578. By the Name of Christ College in Manchester consisting of One Warden Four Fellows Two Chaplains Four Singing Men and Four Choristers the number being lessened because the Revenues were so chiefly by the Covetousness and False dealing of Thomas Herle then Warden and his Fellows who sold away and made such long Leases as cou'd never yet some of them be retrieved It was last of all refounded by King Charles I. Ann. Dom. 1636. constituting therein One Warden Four Fellows Two Chaplains Four Singing Men and Four Choristers and incorporating them by the Name of the Warden and Fellows of Christ's College in Manchester the Statues of the same being drawn by Arch-Bishop Laud. The Hospital was Founded by Humphry Chetham Esq that great Example of industrious improvment and incorporated by King Charles II. designed by that bountiful Benefactor for the Maintenance of Forty Poor Boys out of the Town and Parish of Manchester and some other Neighbouring Parishes but since then it is enlarged to the number of Sixty by the Governours of the said Hospital the Boys are to be taken in betwixt the Age of Six and Ten thereto be maintained with Meat Drink and Cloaths and at the Age of Fourteen to be bound Apprentices to some honest Trade or Calling at the charge of the said Hospital for the maintenance of which he endowed the same with the Yearly Revenue of 420 l. which is since improved by the care and good Husbandry of the Feoffees or Governours to the Yearly value of 517 l. 8 s. 4 d. they having laid out in the purchase of Lands 1825 l. which was saved out of the Yearly income over and above the maintenance of the Poor Children and others belonging to the said Hospital wherein there are annually near Seventy Persons provided for Within this Hospital by the Bounty of the said Founder is also erected a fair and spacious Library already furnished with a Competent stock of choice and valuable Books to the number of near four Thousand and are daily encreasing with the income of 116 l. per Annum setled upon the same by the said worthy Benefactor to buy Books for ever and to afford a Competent Salary for a Library Keeper there is also a large School for the Hospital Boys where they are daily instructed and taught to read write and keep Accounts The Publick School was Founded Ann. Dom. 1519 by Hugh Oldham D. D. and Bishop of Exeter who bought the Lands on which the School stands and took the Mills there in Lease of the Lord de la Ware for 60 Years afterwards with the Bishop's Moneys Hugh Bexwick and Ioan his Sister purchased of the Lord de la Ware his Lands in Ancoats and the Mills upon Erkes and left them in Feofment to the Free-School for ever which Revenues are of late very much encreased by the Feoffees of the School who out of the improvments have as well considerably augmented the Masters Salaries as the Exhibitions annually allow'd towards the maintainance of such Scholars at the University as the Warden of the College and the High-Master shall think requisite and have besides for some Years past added a Third Master for whom they have already

consisted with this Inscription EXER BRITANNICUS RESTITUTOR BRITANNI He built a Wall Fourscore Miles in Length cross the Island from Solway Frith upon the Irish Seas to the Mouth of the Tine by Newcastle on the German Ocean Antoninus Pius was next in whose Time the Brigantes broke in upon Genounia which is North-Wales the Inhabitants of which were then under the Protection of the Romans He reigned Twenty Three Years and died of a Fever at Lotium Marcus Aurelius was the adopted Son of Antoninus Pius and Son of Elius Verus he married his Daughter Faustina and upon the Death of Antoninus Pius took upon him the Empire and chose for his Associate Lucius Verus In Aurelius his Reign the Britains again revolted for appeasing of whom Calphurnius Agricola was sent Lieutenant hither and for the Subduing of whom was raised that Altar to the Syrian Goddess Commodus Antoninus his Son succeeded him his Flatterers gave him the Name of Britannicus In his Reign were many Seditious Troubles in Britain the Northern Nations breaking down the Wall which was raised to keep them out and cut in Pieces the Romans that came against them He sends over Ulpius Marcellus as prime Commander who by his Conduct soon repell'd them but being for that envy'd by Commodus he was then speedily recall'd upon which through the Licenciousness of the Romans the Britains again revolted Clodius Albinus was created Caesar by Commodus who understanding his Design refused that Honour yet hearing of his Death ascended the Tribunal and in an elegant Speech pressed the Senate to make him Consul Helvius Pertinax after Commodus was slain was by Laetus saluted Emperor being an aged Commander The Senate moved to have Albinus joined with him but he being jealous of Albinus refused it and sent him back into Britain with a Commission to be his Lieutenant which Albinus revenged by exhorting Iulianus to assassinate him Didius Iulianus upon his Death bought the Empire He was slain by the Soldiers that advanced him Albinus being still Lieutenant in Britain Septimius Severus having disarmed the Praetorian Bands but being jealous of Albinus in Britain ordains him his Caesar and Successor himself pretending Age which the other accepted by this Cajole Severus marches into Syria to subdue Pescennius Niger who pretended to the Empire in a pitch'd Battle overcame Niger and slew him subdued the Adiabenes and Arabians and then returned to Rome He then being weary of a Rival in the Empire sent over Murtherers into Britain to dispatch Albinus which Albinus too late discovered and then declared himself Emperor Hereupon Severus sent Onuphrius Heraclitus to take Possession of Britain Albinus refused to resign declares for the Empire erects his own Statue and stamped his Picture on his Coin and to justifie himself with the choice Troops of all Britain entred France and near unto Lyons took the Field against Severus Severus declares Albinus a Traytor and gives him Battle The Army of Albinus saith Herolian was very hot at the first and the Battle seem'd to go for the Albinians insomuch that Severus flying flung off his Purple Coat and hid himself Hence the Britains concluding all to be their own fell into Disorder which Letus Albinus the General perceiving came upon them with fresh Troops thinking Severus had been slain and design'd to make himself Emperor and totally routed them which Severus perceiving he reassumes his Robes recalls his Forces slays Albinus and recovers a most fortunate Victory After this Severus divides the Sovereignty of Britain between Vitius and Heraclitus but in the Year 208 he came himself into Britain where he had many Skirmishes He built a Wall cross the Island from Sea to Sea but this by some is supposed to be the same with Adrian's Septimius Geta his Son was slain by his Brother Caracalla in the Arms of his Mother Iulia who afterwards married Bassianus Son to a former Wife of Severus Bassianus had no Issue but was succeeded by Heliogabalus 't is reported he died in Britain Macrinus succeeded him Heliogabalus the supposed Son of Bassianus took upon him the Name of Antoninus There are other Coins but the Collection not being compleat I refer the Reader to the Cutts These are the most remarkable Antiquities relating to this Island during the Roman Government what People preceded them as is hinted before is evident from these following Heads which if we consider the Remoteness of the Places from each other clearly evince to us that the Asiaticks before the Greeks and Romans came hither had discovered the whole Island and fixed in it various Colonies For the clearing of this Head I shall begin with the most Northern Part of Britain and thence briefly proceed to the Lands End of England in doing which I must a little recapitulate Thule the most Northern Part of Britain is a Phoenician Word signifying in that Language Darkness either from the Shadows of their Trees or the Shortness of their Days these Islands the Latins called Orcades and the Scots now Orkney That this Thule was the Orcades is evident from Strabo since as was before observed he mentions Thule Britanica which could be no other Place Kent the Name of a great River near Lancaster in the Armenian Tongue signifies a great River Lune the Name of a considerable River near the same Place in the Armenian Tongue signifies the Moon Bellissama the Name of a River near Preston in Lancashire in the Phoenician Language signifies the Moon or the Goddess of Heaven whom the Britains as well as the Phoenicians stile Andraste and Astarte as we may find by that Invocation made to her by that fam'd Heroine but unfortunate British Queen Boadicia which was in the following Manner O Andraste I being a Woman invocate thee Woman Ribel now the Name of the same River in the Armenian Tongue signifies Heaven Savig a Branch of the same River in British and Phoenician is Rivulet Caer the primitive Name of Chester is British and Phoenician Lud from whence London is most probably denominated is Hebrew signifying in that Language Lydia a Country joining to Phoenicia Add to these the Counties of Cornwall and Devonshire which at this Day in their Language retain many Phoenician Words and Idioms as Mr. Sams in his Britania informs us as likewise the Islands of Silly which Observations rightly weigh'd make it a clear Demonstration that the Phoenicians had sailed quite round the Island and in all Parts of it fixed their Colonies I shall but produce one Instance more and not further transgress upon the Readers Patience that is the Method the Britains had in numbring their Days and Nights a Way only particular to them and the Eastern Nations viz. to make the Day to follow the Night and not the Night the Day as the Germans and Romans did as Caesar in his Commentaries assures us Which particular Instance in my Opinion makes it as clear as those Lights they numbred that this Island was chiefly inhabited from the Eastern Nations this Custom