Selected quad for the lemma: england_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
england_n	france_n	king_n	scot_n	6,682	5	9.6489	5	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A16240	Certaine secrete wonders of nature containing a descriptio[n] of sundry strange things, seming monstrous in our eyes and iudgement, bicause we are not priuie to the reasons of them. Gathered out of diuers learned authors as well Greeke as Latine, sacred as prophane. By E. Fenton. Seene and allowed according to the order appointed.; Histoires prodigieuses extraictes de plusiers fameux auteurs grecs & latins. English	Boaistuau, Pierre, d. 1566.; Fenton, Edward.	1569 (1569)	STC 3164.5; ESTC S105563	173,447	310

wherin the Emperor Mauritius although he were a Christian followed in this the lawes of the Auncients who forthwith vpon the sighte of any monstrous childe caused it not onely to be killed but kissed the knife wherwith he committed the butchery All whiche I haue preferred to memorie in this place for the respect of these .ij. maide twynnes whose portraict is here to be séene for if they had bene brought forth into the worlde ▪ in the tyme of the aūcient Indians Brachmans Spartins Lacedemonians or in the time of the Romains or in the raign of the Emperor Mauritius their history and figure had bē buryed with their bodies and had not bē sene in déede of so many thousands of people In the yere of grace .1475 these two maides that you sée so knyt together by the raines euen from theyr shoulders to theyr haunches were engendred in Italy in the famous Citie of Verona And for that their parents were poore they were caried through diuers Cities of Italy to get money of the people being very desirous to see that newe spectacle and wonder of Nature Wherfore some write that that monster whom you maye here see was a shewe and prognostication foretelling sundry maruellous mutations which happened after in those prouinces for in the same yeare that they were engendred Charles Duke of Burgoyne occupied and gouerned the coūtrey of Loraine Ferdinande the great king of Spayne diuided the realme wyth Alphonsus king of Portingale Mathias and Vladislaus kings made peace with the Hungarians and Bohemians Edwarde king of England was procured by the Duke of Burgoine to come into Fraunce where was a peace concluded betwixt● him and king Lewys And in the yeare of grace .1453 an other monster like vnto this was brought forth at Rome wyth greate maruell to all the people in the time of Pope Alexander the sixte who as Polidorus writeth prognosticated the euils hurts and miseries whiche shoulde happen and come to passe in the tyme of that Bishoppe ¶ A wonderfull Historie of Crueltie CHAP. xxxvj MAny be astonished to see the great nūber of maruellous examples of Crueltie which haue raigned not only amongest the Ethniques but also the more to be lamented amongest vs Christians which be all issued out of one vine formed of like elements incorporate in one church hauing one head Lord Iesus Christ being the children of one father celestiall of one spirite raunsomed by one bloud regenerate of one baptisme norished of like Sacraments participating of one Chalice and fightyng vnder the crosse and banner of Iesus Christ hauing one common enimie Sathan being called a like to one heritage and yet notwithstanding we be not ashamed to dismember and teare in pieces one an other with suche horrour and confusion that it séemeth we would fighte against nature and drenche the earth of humain bloud leauyng it besides as a deserte or place inhabitable But bycause you shall not maruell of that y t the Historians write of the great effusion of bloud which was shed in the batail which Edwarde the .iiij. king of England made against the Scots where he killed murdred thrée score thousand men I will shew you a more horrible spectacle in nature wherof also Sabellicus writeth of Charles Martell king of France and Abidaran where in one conflict was killed and murdred thrée hundreth and fiftie thousande But what a butcherie and slaughter had the poore flocke of Iesus Christ in the battaile which Ladislaus king of Pauonie had against Amurath Emperor of the Turkes seing that of the partie of the same Turkes being victorers was founde .iiij. hundred thousand dead carkasses as Sabellicus witnesseth There is scarsly to be founde such a wonder or horror in nature as that wherof Iosephus writeth in y e warres of the Iewes by that great butcher Alexander in the bloudy battail which he had against Darius where was slaine a million of men In like maner Cyrus king of Perses was so vnfortunate in the battail which he had against the Scythians that of two hundred thousand men which he had in his armie was not found one man to report the newes of the ouerthrow Albeit reading nowe amongest the Historians of those that Sylla killed of the Mariens those that Pompey slew of the souldiors of Mytridates those that Ptolomeus ouerthrewe of Demetrius of those that Cesar cut in pieces in ten yeres when he sent to fight agaynste the Gaules those that Lucullus slewe in the warre whiche he had agaynst the Armenians those that Attilla killed those that Miltiades slew those that Marcus Claudius Cornelius killed with an infinite numbre of like slaughters whiche be founde by the Historians Greekes and Latins you shall fynde that if you coulde see them all put in accompt there must néedes be inuēted a new Arithmetike to numbre them and I beleue that if they had made a roll of al the bieues muttons veales goates and other fourefooted beastes which haue bene killed in a thousande yeares within all the butcheries of Europe their number would not excéede the dead carkases of men slaine murdered yet it is not sufficient so to kyll men in battaile by sworde but that they must search new meanes and inuentions to murder them as Eusebius doth shewe in hys Ecclesiastical Historie of that infamous butcher Dioclesian the Emperour who seing that the Christians whiche raigned in hys tyme woulde not renounce the name of God and worshyp hys ydoles was not contente to cut of theyr noses and their eares causing spelles of woode to be put vnder theyr nayles pouryng hote leade vpon theyr priuie partes but in like maner he caused to be bowed by great force foure trees to the which he made to be tyed their féete and handes who being left in this sort were by the violence and force of those trées dismembred pluckt in peces as may be séen by the portraict and figure here before the which torments haue also bene practised put in vre in our time in Piemont against a certain souldier which would haue betrayed a citie as le seigneur de Launge writeth in his art of warfare Astiages that great king of the Medes hath not only surpassed that president in crueltie but hath also executed that which you wil not only haue in horror to reade but also in as great detestation to conceiue in your heart At what time the greate Patriarch of tirāny hapning to dreame one night of a certain thing touching one of his litle childrē which he could hardly digest withal fering y t it shold one day take effect determined to preuent his misfortune and the better to execute his entent he made to be called Arpalus one whō he most fauoured and the best of his realme to whome he gaue secretly in charge forthwith to kill one of hys owne sonnes without making any mā priuie therunto for certain causes which he would make hym to vnderstād more at leisure Arpalus vnderstanding the sorowful commaūdement of

ende that those litle creatures might be the executioners of their offices others for delite sake would make thē so tame that at the sounde of a whistle they would leaue the water and come and take meate at their handes vpon the bankes of theyr riuers hauing them in suche delite that Lucius Crassius Censor lamented no lesse the death of one of his litle fishes dying out of his pondes than if it had bene for one of his daughters It is not vnknowen also that the Romain Emperours helde fyshes in suche honour and affection that in their moste Royall and pompous banquets they made more daintie deare accompte of fishe than of any kinde of foule or other fleshe reseruing suche reuerend obseruation to some of them and specially the Sturgeon that as some saye he that broughte it to the borde vsed to do it bareheaded sauing a Cornet or garland of flowers and for a more honour of the thing the Trumpettes and dr●̄mes ceassed not to sounde blow so long as that dishe stoode on the table At this day in Grece Turkie y e people for y e most part be more desirous of fish than of flesh which was also the custome of y e Auncientes wherupon both the Greeke Latin Phisitions do most cōmōly in all their treatises preferre the nouritures soueraine goodnesse of fishe afore flesh haue giuen also the inferiour place of estimation to flesh Like as at this time also the Egiptians do abstaine all their lyfe from eating of fish obseruing the order of our Mōkes in their abstinēce from eating of flesh which shall suffice for this tyme for the dignitie commendacion of fishes folowing in order to describe how y e Seas bring forth their wōders with more maruel thā y e lande wherof I will lay afore you in this place only the principal such as haue moued cause of astonishmēt in y e most precise Philosophers of y e world Amōgest the most wōders of y e Sea it may séeme miraculous almost incredible that fishes do flye and that those dūme creatures do lifte themselues frō out of their moyste Element to pierce and breake the ayre as birdes do with their winges whereof although there be diuerse kindes according to the experience of the Sea yet I haue not figured the pourtrait of any in this chapter saue onely the Arundel or swallowe of the Sea that as Gesnerus and Rondelet in their histories of fishes haue drawne it Who desireth to haue a more large description of this fishe let him read Rondelet in his first chapter of his vj. booke wher he affirmeth this fish to be so called by reasō of his colour greatnesse in proporciō pinions like to a balde Mouse yet saith he who cōsidereth thorowly of this fishe and maner of his flying he may seeme rather to resemble a swallow than a balde Mouse Opianus saith he flieth out of the water for feare he be deuoured of the great fishes Plinius writeth that there is a fishe flying called Arundelle whiche is very like the birde which we comonly cal a swallowe which as he is rare and sheweth himselfe by greate wonder with his greate wings so being taken they vse commonly to drie him and hang him vp in their houses which I thinke was more rare in the time of Plinie than now because there be diuerse founde in sundrie houses in Spaine Italie Fraunce and elswhere Claudius Campensius Phisition to the Lord Marquis of Trans sayd y t not many yeares past the Lord Admiral of Englād made him a banquet where he presented him with a flying fishe And in our time those that haue sayled by the pillers of Hercules affirme that there is such store of flying fishes thereabout that they séeme rather birdes with wings than fishes of the Sea Besides it is not inconuenient to set forth in this place the pourtrait of a fishe flying or rather a water monster which is the chiefe cause that I haue vndertaken this treatise of fishes This fishe or rather monster of the Sea I haue considered with long viewe iudgement and haue caused him to be drawne as neare as I can according to his naturall proportion wherein I maye boldly preferre as witnesses aboue twoo hundreth personnes who sawe him in Paris aswell as I. Amongest the things of wōder to be séene in this beaste it hath chiefly a hydeous heade resembling rather in figure a horrible Serpent than a fishe with wings resemblyng rather the pynions of a balde mouse sauing they be farre more thicke and massiue he containes neare a foote and a halfe in length neyther is he so well dried but he yeldes some sauour or smel of a fishe the reste is to bée discerned in his figure Many learned men of the vniuersitie who considered largely of hym and his forme assured me that it was a kinde of flying Fishe the same notwithstanding agréeing in nothing with the description of the Auncientes touching the Arun●elle of the Sea nor of the Mugilatus nor of other flying fishe which makes me thinke that it is a sorte of monstrous fishe vnknowen to the elders Neither am I ignorant that there bee that can counterfaict by arte dyuerse formes of fishes Dragons Serpentes and other like things wherewith many are abused lyke as maister Gesnerus hath acknowledged by his writings to haue bene circumuented with the like Yet of all those which behelde this fish argued vpon his condition there was not one that could discerne other artificiall sleyght than as Nature brought hym forth formed him The Sea hath also other monsters which be more wonderfull than these as the fishe which they call in Latine Torpedo most cōmon in Hauen townes and is accompted to resemble most of all those fishes that be harde skinned and she hath a hidden propertie which is very strāge for being hidden within the sand or moudde she slepeth by a secret vertue and making also al the fishe that be neare hir immouable and without sense she féedes vppon them and deuoureth them neither doth hir charme of sleepe extende onely againste fishes but also against men for if a man touch hir with his Anglerod she enchaunteth forthwith his arme And if she féele hir selfe taken with the lyne and hooke she hath this pollicy to embrace the lyne with hir wings and so making hir poyson mounte all along the lyne and the rode so tormenteth the arme of the fisher that often times he is constrained to abandon his prize The authours hereof be Aristotle in his ninth booke and xxxvij chapter De historia animalium Plinie in the .xxxij. booke and second chapter Theophrastus in libro De his quae hyeme latent Galen Opianus Plutarch in libro vtrum anima c. Plato also makes lyke mention in Mem●o where Socrates is compared to the Torpedo in that by the violence and subtiltie of his argumentes he so grauelled those against whome he maintained disputation that they séemed