to be any cause of their taking ill courses he gave to every one of them a competent means whereby to subsist and in stead of them he received the gravest men into his familiarity in whom he conceived there was the greatest prudence to take counsell and faith to give it that he might be helped by their counsels admonitions and prudence He kept his Lent in the Castle of Kenelworth and whilest he lay there messengers came to him from the Dolphin of France named Charles with a present of Paris-Balls for him to play withall but the King wrote to him that he should shortly send to him London-Balls with which he would throw down Paris Walls And to make good his promise he raised a great Army and hastened to France and landed at Caen in Normandy Charles the sixth then King of France raised also a mighty Army and sent a King of Arms to defie him King Henry desirous to know the numbers of the French sent forth Captain Game for discovery who brought word that there were of them enough to kill and enough to take and enough to run away The French were so confident of victory that they sent to King Henry to know what ransome he would give but he obtained a great victory over them He was sirnamed commonly the Alexander of England because as Alexander the Great conquered the most part of Asia in the space of nine or ten years so did this Henry conquer France in less then the like time The second ornament of the English Nation By force of Arms and military prowess maugre the French he conquered France and brought Charles the sixth King of France to that extremity that after a sort he surrendred up his Crown unto him Fuit statura corporis quae justam excederet corpore gracili membris aequalibus ac validis facie decorâ collo oblongo artis militaris peritissimus ac ejus gloriâ illustrissimus Polyd. Virg. Ang. hist. 22. Within the term of five or six years he brought the better part of France under his obedience Avaunt proud Rome and brag not of thy men Nor thy aetheriall Caesars Wars declare Cease peerless Plutarch with thy sacred pen The worlds arch-Monarchs aptly to compare Reason doth urge and this alleadge I dare That Englands Homer pourtrayd hath his War Which doth excell the worthiest Caesars Star William Herberts Prophesie of Cadwallader He was of marvellous great strength and passing swift in running insomuch that he with two other of his Lords without Hound Bow or other engine would take a wild Buck or Doe in a large Park He ordained the King of Heralds over the English which is called Garter Never lived English King with more true glory nor ever died any in a more unseasonable time nor more lamented It was said of him that he had something in him of Caesar which Alexander the Great had not that he would not be drunk and something of Alexander the Great which Caesar had not that he would not be flattered The King being certified of his son Henries birth gave God thanks for sending him a son which might succeed in his Crown and Scepter But when he heard reported the place of his nativity he said unto the Lord Fitz Hugh his trusty Chamberlain these words My Lord I Henry born at Monmouth shall reign a while and much get and Henry born at Windsor shall long raign and all lose but as God will so be it The burthen of those Wars lay upon the English mens shoulders who were at that time rich and mighty and had a wise goodly and valiant King called Henry accompanied with sage hardy and expert Captains viz. the Earl of Salisbury Talbot and others When God meant to withdraw his goodness from the English men this wise King died at Bois de Vincennes and his son who proved but a simple man was crowned King of France and England and at Paris Phil. de Commines The Duke of Bedford third son to King Henry the fourth Regent for the English in France fourteen years having crowned his master Henry the sixth in Paris died leaving behind him an honourable witness even from his enemies That he was a brave Commander a true Patriot and a faithfull servant to his Lord and brother Henry the fifth and to his son Henry the sixth He was Regent of France Duke of Bedford Alanson and Anâ—â—u Earl of Main Richmond and Kendall and Constable of England King Henry died in France in the ninth year of his Raign 1422. He left to succeed him his only child Prince Henry about as many moneths old as his father had raigned years HENRY the sixth He was proclaimed King when he was about eight moneths old his mother brought him to the Parliament in London in her bosome He was crowned on the ninth year of his age His infancy was mightily supported by the notable valour and policy of his two Uncles Humphrey Duke of Glocester and Iohn Duke of Bedford to the one was committed the protection of his person and Kingdome to the other the managing of the War continued in France He was a very simple man and almost an innocent Philde Commines l. 3. c. 7. He was of a seemly stature of a slender body and of a beautifull face in whose best of fortune it was never to prossess more then the name of a King What Prophet could have picked out of Mars and Saturn the manifold mishaps which befell that Prince of blessed memory King Henry the sixth sometimes sleeping in a port of honour sometime floting in the surges of mishap sometime possessing forraign Crowns sometimes spoiled and deprived of his own sometime a Prince sometime a prisoner sometime in plight to give succour to the miserable sometime a fugitive among the desperate Howards Defensative against the poyson of supposed Prophesies c. 14. History shews us not an example of a Prince who in so many vicissitudes never met with one fully to his advantage He was four times taken prisoner and in the end despoiled both of his Kingdome and life He was crowned King of France in Nostre Dame in Paris receiving the homage and fealty of all the Nobility of France present and all the Citizens and Inhabitants of that City and the places adjacent He was so continent that at Christide having a shew of young women presented to him bare breasted he immediately departed with these words Fie fie fie for shame Forsooth you be too blame He willingly pardoned many great offences A Ruffian striking him on the face he only said Forsooth you are too blame to strike me your annointed King He was never observed dejected upon the report of any sad accident but entertained all afflictions as sent from the Almighty and absolutely resigned his will to that of heaven He founded Eaton-School and Kings Colledge the Chappell of which last shewed the magnificence that the
CHOICE OBSERVATIONS OF ALL THE KINGS OF ENGLAND FROM THE SAXONS To the Death of KING CHARLES the First COLLECTED Out of the best Latine and English VVriters who have Treated of that Argument By EDVVARD LEIGH Esquire and Master of Arts of Magdalen Hall in Oxford LONDON Printed for Ioseph Cranford at the Sign of the Gun in St. Pauls Church-yard 1661. TO HIS SACRED MAJESTY CHARLES the Second King of Great-Bâ—ittain France and Ireland Most Gracious Soveraigne I Hope this Dedication of these my Collections concerning all the Kings of England to your Sacred Majesty from the first of them of whom there is any thing credible in story to the decease of your Royall Father will not be interpreted either a fruit of ambition or over-bold presumption I have had the honour formerly to dedicate Books to very eminent Societies and Persons but never to any so signally eminent and publike a Person as your Majesty And should not have taken the confidence to have begun now but that in regard of the Argument I treat of I thought there was an obligation upon me and that of right such a Work was to be presented onely to Him who is the just and unquestionable Successour to all those Kings I here mention I finde it usuall with those who either wrote Chronicles in generall or the reigns of some particular Princes to inscribe the Name of the King or Prince then living to their Works I wish my Observations were as choice as the subject is sutable Since Cadwallader the last King of the Britains there was none born Prince of Great-Britain but your Majesty Hactenus Anglorum nulli was therefore the Motto on the Medals made in memory of your Birth-day the 29th of May 1630 with three Laurels upon them betokening three Kingdoms May your raign be as prosperous and happy as your birth was glorious and illustrious your deliverance by Sea at your entrance into Scotland and your escape by Land at Worcester-fight and after in England and your happy restitution to your Kingdom was wonderfull and conspicuous Kings have their regal Titles and Ornaments To the Kings of Spain from the time of Alphonsus King of Castile about 800 years agoe for expelling the Arians was given the Title of Catholike as Michael Ritius a Neapolitan writeth To the French King the Title of most Christian from the time of Philip the Emperour about 400 years since as recordeth Nicol Gillius To our King Henry the 8th of England for his Book of the Sacraments against Luther Pope Leo the 10th gave the Title Defender of the Faith which his Successors have since enjoyed though in another sense than it was first intended Henry the 5th reigning amongst us his Subjects gave him the Title of Grace Under Henry the Saint the 6th Excellent was added to Grace Under Henry the 8th the acclamation of Majesty began a little after excellent Majesty most excellent and at last Sacred Majesty which now is generally used Kings are crowned enthronized and anointed the Crown was a sign of a Military dominion the Throne of sedentary or judiciall the Oyl of Religious and sacred power A King by vertue of his Kingly Office hath two things to perform 1. To govern 2. To defend His Governing also divideth it self into two branches First To direct Secondly To recompence He directeth by appointing what shall be done and forborn of all his subjects in his Jurisdiction He recompenceth or requiteth by punishing those which disobey the Laws with such punishments as himself thinketh good to appoint and to signifie to them in his penalties by which he ratifieth his Laws and by rewarding those which keep the Laws with such rewards as he seeth fit to specifie in his Statutes and in generall by making them partakers of the wealth peace quietness and happiness of his government He defendeth his subjects against the hostility of open enemies and the injuries of their fellow-subjects It was an excellent speech of Henry the Great King of France your Grand-father by the Mothers side When I was born there were a thousand other souls more born what have I done for God more than they Learned King Iames your Grand-father by the Father in his Book dedicated to Prince Henry would have him to remember that he differed not in stuff but in use from the rest of the people and that by Gods Ordinance Kings as well as others are bound to read the Scriptures Deut. 17. 18 19 20. and some think that Book of the Kings and Chronicles especially worthy their diligent perusall others would have them study well the 101 Psalm Next the Scriptures Ecclesiasticall History is to be preferred some highly commend Polybius as usefull for Kings to read and Causabon dedicating it to Henry the 4th King of France much magnifieth that Book and likewise the reading of History in generall The Chronicles and Annals of their own Predecessors surely must needs be both delightfull and profitable for them Your Majesty may observe many things in them well worthy imitation in Learned and valiant Alfred how thriftily he spent his time how he encouraged Learning and Learned men in little Edgar great Canutus William the Conquerour the many worthy Henries and Edwards your own wise Grand-father and Father of happy memory Yet in the whole series of the Kings and Queens of England as others have made severall parallels of some of our English Kings I have not found a fitter parallel in every respect for your Majesty than Queen Elizabeth I will not speak of her skill in the modern Languages and how she often answered Embassadors her self nor how gracious and gentle a Princess she was to her very enemies wherein your Majesty is not unlike to Her What troubles and hazards did she undergo before she came to the Crown with what joyfull and generall acclamations was she received into this Metropolis I need not apply this to your Majesty it s sufficiently obvious to every vulgar capacity how you agree herein After her Coronation being presented with a Bible as she passed by the little Conduit in Cheapside she received the same with both her hands and kissing it said That it had ever been her chief delight and should be the rule by which she meant to frame her Government Your Majesty in your entring into the City at the presentment of the Bible to you by the Reverend London Ministers used this speech worthy to be written in Gold I thank you for this Book above all other gifts and assure you I shall make it my first care to set up Gods Worship and service this is the Book must guide us all and I will make it the rule of my Life and reign Queen Elizabeth was a couragious and stout spirited Princess In 88 when the Spaniard was coming she went to the Army at Tilbury-Camp riding with a Truncheon or baston in her hand to the severall Companies and by her presence
through the crafty complotting and practising of his wife he was made away in Bâ—rkley-Castle in Glocestershire by the wicked subtilty of the Bishop of Hereford who wrote unto his Keepers these few words without points between them Edwardum occidere nolite timere bonum est that by reason of the divers sense and construction both they might commit the murder and he also cleanly excuse himself Cambdens Britannia in Glocestershire Vide Gatakeri Adversaria miscel c. 16. Never was the fallacy of pointings or ambiguity of phrase more mischievously used to the destruction of a King or the defence of the contrivers then in this hainous parricide To shed King Edwards bloud Refuse to fear I count it good Where the Comma or pause being put after nolite bid them not to make him away but after timere insinuates a plain encouragement to the fact The Sphinx who is said to be the Author of this ambiguous riddle sent by the Lord Mortimer was Adam de Tarleton who utterly denied any such intention when the murderers for their own justification produced the writing it self under Queen Isabels Seal and the Seals of the other conspirators To which effect came Letters from the Court written by Tarleton at the Queens command In such a cloudy and ambiguous sort That divers wayes one might them understand By pointing them that if they should be scann'd He and his Letters might be free from blame And they Delinquents that abus'd the same The words were these Kill Edward do not feare 'T is good which being comma'd diversly As pleas'd the Reader double sense may bear O Art Thou art the earths chief treasury But being imploy'd to practise villany What monstrous births from thy fair womb do spring So Grammar here is made to kill a King Sir Francis Huberts History of Edward the second There was such a terrible famine in his reign that horse dogs yea men and children were stolen for food and which is horrible to think the theeves newly brought into the Gaol were torn in pieces and eaten presently half alive by such as had been longer there There was in the Castle of Nottingham and at this day is a certain secret way or mine cut through a rock upon which the said Castle is built an issue whereof openeth toward the River of Trent which runs under it and the other venteth it self far within upon the surface and is at this present called Mortimers hole through this the young King Edward the third well armed and strongly seconded was conducted with drawn swords by some of his trusty and sworn servants up to the Queens chamber whose door so fearless is blinde affection was unshut and with her was Mortimer the Kings master as the rumour spread him ready to go to bed whom with the slaughter of a Knight and one or two that resisted they laid hold upon This was not reputed a slender enterprise in regard that in Mortimers retinue were not fewer they say then one hundred and fourscore Knights besides Esquires and Gentlemen He was after hanged at Tyburn K. Edward the second favoured learning as by the erection of Orial-Colledge in Oxford and St. Maries Hall which were of his foundation it may well be gathered He was stifled in his bed and a red hot iron thrust up into his Fundament He lived forty three years and raigned nineteen EDWARD the third He was upon his fathers resignation proclaimed King of England He was not fifteen years old when he began to raign He was of an exceeding comely personage of a pregnant wit courteous gentle of great temperance If we respect either valour prowess length of Raign acts of Chivalry or the multitude of famous Princes his children left behind him he was one of the noblest Kings that ever England had Dolemans Conference touching Succession to the Crown part 1. c. 3. Cambden in his Britannia in Northumberland calls him our Hector He was the greatest scourge to the Nation of Scotland of any King of England either before or after him Ayscu He saith there also that if this King had a while longer pursued the conquest of Scotland he had easily brought the same under his soveraignty and that he esteemed in regard of the difficulty of holding long his possessions within the French dominions the Realm of Scotland a more convenient and fit member of the Crown of England then the one half of France how farre soever exceeding the other in wealth and magnificence He brought Cloathing first into this Island transporting some families of Artificers from Gaunt hither Upon the grievances of his people pestered with the doublings of Lawyers he commanded that Pleas should from thenceforth be made in English not in French He placed Richard his Grandchild and next heir apparent in his solemn feast at Christmas at his Table next unto himself above all his Uncles being the sons of that King and men much renowned for their prowess and vertue Judge Dâ—dridges Epist. Dedicat. to the Principality of Wales The Law of Magna Charta was about a dozen severall times confirmed by this King during the years of his Raign In the fiftieth year of Edward the third all the Lords appeared in Parliament in person and not one by Proxy At which Parliament as appears in the Parliament-Roll so many excellent things were done as it was called bonum Parliamentum the good Parliament He disposed of Ecclesiasticall dignities received homage and fealty from his Prelates who writ that so much admired Letter to the Pope for the Liberties of the English Church Cui pro tunc Papa aut Cardinales rationabiliter respondere nescicbant Walsing an 1343. The house of Valois triumphantly raigned in France ever since the Raign of Edward the third at which time it was then but an Earldome and descended from a second brother was of meer purpose by the French advanced to the throne under pretences of the â—alique Law made by Pharamond only to suppress the immediate right and title of King Edward the third who was descended of the French Kings eldest daughter and heir whereby he justly claimed the Crown of France though that very Law made King Edwards title the stronger as himself truly pleaded he being the male albeit his right descended by the female Rex sum regnorum bina ratiâ—ne duorum Anglorum regno sum Rex ego jure paterno Matris jure quidem Francorum nuncupor idem Hinc est armorum variatio facta meorum The date of this title of France was in the year 1337 the which Enlgand holds to this day and our Kings the Realm in effect saith Iohn de Serres At the great battell of Cressy in France the Commanders about the Prince sent to King Edward to come up with his power to aid them the King asked the messenger whether his son were slain or hurt the messenger answered no but he was like to be
overlaid Well then said the King return and tell them who sent you That so long at my son is alive they send no more to me whatever happen for I will that the honour of the day be his And so at last the English obtained the greatest victory they ever yet had against the French There were there found the dead bodies of eleven great Princes and of Barons Knights and men of Arms above one thousand and five hundred of the Commons above thirty thousand Not one man of honour or note slain upon the English side King Edward after the Battell aftectionately embracing and kissing his victorious son said Fair son God send you good perseverance to so prosperous beg innings you have nobly acquit your self and are well worthy to have the governance of a Kingdome entrusted to you for your valour Sir Eustace Rihamant in the encounter at Calis-Gate between Sir Walter Manny and the Lord Charney met with King Edward who disguising himself in common armour served under the banner of Sir Walter Manny and fought so stoutly with him that he stroke the King twice down on his knees but in the end the King took him prisoner and then he yeelded his Sword to the King but knowing what he was said thus Sir Knight I yeeld me as your prisoner upon which cause the King came after supper to him and with a merry countenance said thus to the Knight Sir Eustace you are the Knight in the world that I have seen most valiant either in assault of enemies or defence of himself I never â—ound Knight that gave so much ado body to body as ye have done this day wheâ—efore I give you the prize above all the Knights of my Court by right sentence and herewithall the King being bare-headed having a Chaplet of fine pearls that he ware on his head took the same Chaplet from off his head being fair goodly and rich and said to the Knight I give you this Chaplet for the best doer in Arms in this journey past of either party and I desire you to bear it this year for the love of me I know well you be fresh and amorous and oftentimes are among doubty Knights and fair Ladies yet say wheresoever ye come that the King of England did give it you and I quite your prison and ransome depart to morrow if it please you whereupon the Knight did not only wear the same Chaplet in remembrance of so gracious a benevolence of so worthy a Prince but also did bear after in his Arms three Chaplets garnished of pearls Fern his Glory of Generosity p. 210 211. Mr. Wren in his Monarchy asserted p. 125. saith The successes of the English in France alwayes followed the person of the Prince with us Edward the third and Henry the fifth wise and valiant Princes gaining Richard the second and Henry the sixth weak Princes losing with them Iohn and Charles the sixth men of no ability losing Charles the fifth and Charles the seventh brave Princes recovering Edward the black Prince of Wales who so long governed our Countrey of Guienne a man whose conditions and fortune were accompanied with many notable parts of worth and magnanimity having been grievously offended by the Limosins though he by main force took and entered their City could by no means be appeased nor by the wailfull out-cries of all sorts of people as of men women and children be moved to any pitty they prostrating themselves to the common slaughter crying for mercy and humbly submitting themselves at his feet untill such time as in triumphant manner passing through their City he perceived three French Gentlemen who alone with an incredible and undaunted boldness gainstood the enraged violence and made head against the fury of his victorious Army The consideration and respect of so notable a vertue did first abate the dint of his wrath and from these three began he to relent and shew mercy to all the other inhabitants of the Town Michael Lord of Montaigne his Essayes l. 1. c. 1. Having had great victories against the French and other neighbouring Nations he instituted the Order of the Garter and consecrated it to St. George He appointed a Garter to be the Ensign of this Order wrought richly with gold and precious stones which should circle the leg beneath the knee and on it to have these words apparently discerned Honi Soit Qui Mal Y â—ense Shame to him which evil thinks The number of these Knights are twenty six whereof the King himself is the chief These Knights wear the Ensign of Saint George fighting with a Dragon fastened to a rich Chain or Collar which weighed and was worth eighty pounds of English money See Montaigne his Essayes l. 2. c. 7. of the words of honour About this time the famous Dr. Iohn Wicklef a man of sharp wit profound learning and of great judgement did in the University of Oxford publickly maintain sundry Propositions and dogmaticall points against the Church of Rome His followers were in the phrase of those dark dayes called Lollards whereas in truth they endeavoured to extirpate all pernicious weeds which through time sloath and fraud had crept into the field of Gods Church Such was this Kings courtesie friendly behaviour toward the two captive Kings of France and Scotland while they remained together in England as that hereby he won their love and favour for ever after as appeared by their repair hither to visit the King and Queen and to recreate and solace themselves in their company Thus it came to pass that their captivity here turned more to their own advantage and the peaceable enjoying of their estates after the same then if it had never hapned unto them Mr. Thomas May wrote his victorious Raign in Verse in seven Books He raigned almost one and fifty yeares and lived about sixty five who of all the Kings of the Realm saith Mr. Fâ—x unto Henry the eight was the greatest bridler of the Popes usurped power whereby Iohn Wicklef was maintained with aid sufficient CHAP. XVIII RICHARD the second HE descended from four Edwards of which the first three were succeeding Kings the fourth Prince of Wales sirnamed the black Prince who dying before his father Edward the third did not attain the Crown The Civil Warres of England by Sir Francis Bâ—ondi an Italian He was crowned in the eleventh year of his age and sufficiently shewed the miserable condition of such States as are governed by an Infant King He was the goodliest personage of all the Kings that had been since the conquest The beautifull picture of a King sighing crowned in a Chair of Estate at the upper end of the Quire in St. Peters at Westminster is said to be of him which witnesseth how goodly a creature he was ilâ— outward lineaments Speed He had nothing worthy his great fortunes but his great birth When he had with full hand bestowed upon Simâ—â—â— Montford Earl of Leicester
whole should have been of had their sounder raigned to have finished them himself At Towton about four miles from Yorke the Armies of Edward the fourth and King Henry the sixth met where was fought the greatest Battell our Stories mention in all these Civil Wars where both the Armies consisted of above a hundred thousand men and all of our own Nation One day when he was washing his hands at a great Feast and cast his eye upon his son Henry then a young youth he said This is the Lad that shall possess quietly that we now strive for This shewed a very propheticall spirit to have been in King Henry that could so long before foretell a thing so unlikely to happen For this was he that was afterward King Henry the seventh before whom at that time there were many lives in being of both the houses of Yorke and Lancaster so some but my Lord Howard in his Defensative against the poyson of supposed Prophesies c. 4. seems not wholly to ascribe it to that King Henry the seventh after laboured his Canonization with the Pope but that succeeded not for however the world was assured of his piety there was much question of his Government So Habington a Papist in his History of King Edward the fourth Polyd. Virg. Ang. hist. l. 24. p. 532. saith thus Sed morte post statim obita id officium praestare nequivit Cambden in his Britannia in Surrey saith it was Pope Iulius and that the reason why this took no effect was the Popes covetousness who demanded too great a summe of money for a Kings Canonization as they term it so that he might seem ready to grant those kind of honours not for the Princes holiness sake but for gold Sir Francis Bacon in his History of Henry the seventh relates it thus About this time the King became suitor to Pope Iulius the second to canonize King Henry the sixth for a Saint the rather in respect of that his famous prediction of the Kings own assumption to the Crown The Pope referred the matter as the manner is to certain Cardinals to take the verification of his holy acts and miracles but it died under the reference The generall opinion was that Pope Iulius was too dear and that the King would not come to his rates But it is more probable that the Pope who was extreamly jealous of the dignity of the See of Rome and of the Acts thereof knowing that King Henry the sixth was reputed in the world abroad but for a simple man was afraid it would but diminish the estimation of that kind of honour if there were not a distance kept between Innocents and Saints William Alnwicke Bishop of Lincoln was his Confessor Dr. Litchfield in his Raign preached 3083 Sermons Never any came to be King so soon after his birth nor left to be King so long before his death for he came to be King at eight moneths old and he left to be King twelve years before his death Holy King Henry as they call him was crowned in Paris yet he lost all on that side before he was a man as I remember or soon after and before his unhappy death he lost this land also which loss of both came by striving for both Richard Duke of Glocester killed him that thereby Edward the fourth his brother might be freed from all hostile fear So Polyd. Virg. and others He successively ruled this Land the space of thirty eight years six moneths and four dayes EDWARD the fourth He came unto the Kingdome not by power or justice but by the peoples inclination Biondi He raigned thirty eight yeares six moneths and odde dayes and after his redemption of the Crown six moneths He lived two and fifty years having by his wife one only soâ— called Edward Prince of Wales He was the goodliest Gentleman saith Commines l. 4. c. 10. that ever I set mine eye on and l. 3. c. 5. the beautifullest Prince that lived in his time but after he grew gross and corpulent giving himself wholly to pleasures He was a fortunate Prince in the field for he wan at least nine great Battels fighting himself on foot in every one of them Phil. de Com. in his Hist. Book l. 3. c. 4. and 6. p. 188. saith that King Edward himself told me that in all Battels that he wan so soon as he had obtained victory he used to mount on Horseback and cry to save the people and kill the Nobles for of them few or none escaped Id. l. 3. c. 5. In his fourth Book c. 10. he speaks of an interview between King Edward and Lewis the eleventh King of France the French King after some discourse said pleasantly That he should come to Paris to solace himself there with the Ladies and that he would give him the Cardinall of Bourbon for his Confessor who would easily assoil him of sin if any were committed The King of England took great pleasure in this talk and answered with a merry countenance for he knew the Cardinall to be a good fellow Never lived Prince whom adversity did more harden to action and prosperity more soften to voluptuousness So improvident was his memory that he forgat the greatest injuries and resumed the Archbishop of Yorke into favour not bearing so much as a watchfull eye over a reconciled enemy The so fatall division between the house of Yorke and Lancaster with him in a manner had both their birth and growth I sing the Civil Wars tumultuous broils And bloudy factions of a mighty Land Whose people haughty proud with forraign spoils Upon themselves turn back their conquering hand Whilest kin their kin brother the brother foils Like Ensigns all against like Ensigns band Bowes against Bowes the Crown against the Crown Whilest all pretending right all right 's thrown down Our English Luean Daniel of the Civil Wars The first fortnight of his Raign was died I will not say stained with the bloud of Walter Walker a Grocer who keeping Shop at the Sign of the Crown in Cheapside said He would make his son heir to the Crown a bold jest broke in an evil time yet do I not side with them who taxe the King of severity in this execution unless I could clear this man from being particularly factious for the house of Lancaster or know that those words were uttered in innocent mirth without any scorn to King Edwards title And however perhaps the extraordinary punishment of such saucy language was not then unnecessary to beget authority and make men cautious to dispute the descent of Princes when the question was so nice and arguments not improbable on either side Habingtons History of Edward the fourth Speed saith his words intended no treason the Grocer not once dreaming to touch King Edwards title yet the time being when the Crown lay at stake the Law made them his death He hearing of a certain prophesie that G.
King on either side whereof was a close Gallery for the King Queen and Prince to be private sutable to the ancient mode Which triall of his if we consider all things the high nature of the Charge against him the pompous Circumstances and stately manner of the triall it self the time that it lasted and lastly of what moment and consequence the success of it must prove I may safely say that no Subject in England and probably in Europe ever had the like Mr. May his History of the Parliament of England l. 1. c. 8. See more there Sir Thomas Roe was Chancellor of the most noble Order of the Garter and of King Charles his Privy Councel and severall years Embassador to the Great Mogor Great Turk King of Sweden and lastly to the Princes of the Protestant Union in Germany Iohn de Montreul a Parisian was he that thinking thereby to do some good office to the King of England negotiated that he might be put into the hands of the Scots This unfortunate Prince of whom he hath since given this testimony that he never saw a man of greater spirit and more vertue delighted often to discourse with him and expressed a great deal of affection to him I learned from a friend of mine to whom he told it himself that he made use of a secret which the King of England had taught him in the long conferences which they sometimes had together 'T was a certain powder very rare which being cast on the paper made that which was before-hand written there with a white liquor to appear which without that was wholly imperceptible His Majesty had a fine stroke with his pen which he practised at all times of leasure By which means he became Master of a pure and elegant stile as both his intercepted Letters and those to Mr. Henderson at Newcastle in the point of Episcopacy and his Book entituled 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or the Pourtraiture of his Sacred Majesty in his solitudes and sufferings do most clearly evidence Which Book is put into Latine by Dr Earle At King Iames his Funerall he attended the Herse as the chiefest mourner an action laudable and deserving better interpretation than some make of it He shewed great patience in his sufferings It argued a charitable temper in him in pardoning his enemies when he died and praying for them and charging the Prince his eldest son to pardon them also He was the hundred and tenth Monarch of that line that swayed the Scepter of Scotland successively Bishop Bramhall his Answer to Militiere his Epistle His Works are all in two Volumes Reliquiae Carolinae and Bibliotheca Carolina The Arsenals Store-houses and Ship-docks erected by him are so magnificent and universally usefull that they are become a principall pillar of the Nations support so far as they relate to the Navall defence of it and affords variety of imployment by the manufacture of Cordage as also by the carâ—ening and building of Ships The latter end of his life by reason of the Civil broyls was troublesome and painfull as the Book stiled Iter Carolinum shews Lewis the thirteenth the last King of France spoke ofttimes of the troubles of Great Brittain in his sickness and once he was over heard to say that it was a just judgement because his brother of England would have assisted his Subjects once against him Mr. Howels Corollary to the life of Lewis the thirteenth In his March after Essex to the West it happened that one of his Carriages brake in a long narrow Lane which they were to pass and gave his Majesty a stop at a time of a great showr of rain which fell upon him Some of his Courtiers and others which were near about him offered to hew him out a way through the hedges with their swords that he might get shelter in some of the Villages adjoyning but he resolved not to forsake his Canon upon any occasion At which when some about him seemed to admire marvel at the patience which he shewed in that extremity his Majesty lifting up his Hat made answer That as God had given him affliction to exercise his patience so he had given him patience to â—ear his afflictions Mr. Fords Panegyrick on King Charles the first Let his Conference with the Marquess of Worcester the Papers which passed betwixt his Majesty and Master Henderson and those others with the Ministers in the Isle of Weight testifie how great a Master he was of reason how well read in the Fathers the Councels Ecclesiasticall History and the customes of the Church in all ages Id. ib. He made an admirable Anagram of himself the day before his death Carolus Rex Cras ero lux Id. ib. His death saith the Author of the Additions to Bakers Chronicle was strange and unparalleld We may read saith he of many Kings who came to violent ends but never any that was so formally and solemnly first tryed for his life and then judicially executed in publick by his own Subjects Mr. Love in his Vindication of the London-Ministers against Price his Clerico-Classicum pag. 36. gives good reasons against putting the King to death and saith He was the first Protestant King in the world so put to death by his own Subjects pag. 55. he saith He could produce multitudes of Protestant Divines against the cutting off the Head of our King in particular as the Ministers beyond the Seas the Ministers of Scotland the Ministers of Essex and Lancashire and of many other places of the Kingdome besides the London Ministers who unanimously declared their abhorrency of that horrid fact of taking away the life of the King pag. 59. he saith That there is no president in all the Scripture that the Sanhedrim of the Jewes or Rulers of Israel did ever judicially arraign and put to death any of the Kings of Judah or Israel though many of them were most gross Idolaters and tyrannous Princes who shed much innocent blood and oâ—pressed the people sundry wayes This notwithstanding another Divine of our own hath presumed to publish a Defence of the Sentence passed upon the late King He quotes Gen. 9. 6. Exod. 21. 12. Lev. 24. 17. Numb 35. 30 31 33. Prov. 28. 17. and Mat. 26. 52. to prove the lawfulness of it That private person which sheddeth mans bloud wilfully by man that is by the Magistrate whose power is here stablished saith Ainsworth for killing all wilfull murtherers shall his bloud be shed And this saith Ainsworth there accordeth with the Law Numb 35. 29 30. but private men may not use the sword Mat. 26. 52. Rom. 13. 4. I have read that place Matth. 26. 52. strongly urged by some against Subjects taking up Arms against their Princes but never this way before These Scriptures though he think them of so express a tenour of such a pregnant import I conceive make little for the purpose he alleadgeth them When I consider with my self
quotidie multiplicentur pareutum verò mors irremediabilis est quia nequeunt restaurari Chronicaâ— Thomae Walsingham Mr. Fullers good thoughts in worst times Occasion Meditat. 9. See Dr. Powâ—is Preface to the History of Wales and his Notes on â—hoyds History of Wales p. 376 377 and Judge Dederidges Principality of Wales p. 4 5 6. Cambdens Britannia in Yorkeshire â—aletudine usus est satis prespâ—ra animo magno cui cunque enim rei operam dabat eam facilâ— imbiâ—â—bat prudentia summa religionis studiosissimus insolentiae sacerdotum inimicus acerrimus quam ex opibus cum primis prosicisci putabatâ— quam obâ—rem legem ad manumortuam perpetuasse fertur at ita corum luxurieâ— coercâ—retur Polyd. Vâ—rg Ang hist l. 18. Cambdens Britannia in Cumberland Fuit prudens in gerendis negotiis ab adolescentia armorum dedâ—us exercitio quo in diversts regionibus eam famam militiae acquifierat quà totius orbis Christiani sui temporis principes singulariter transcendebat Elegantis erat formae staturae procerâ—e qua humero supra communi populo praeâ—minebat Chronica Thomâ—â— Walsingham He was called Edward Long-shankâ— Ne vestigium majestatis regiaâ— desidâ—rii ullum apud populum remaneret sedem lapâ—deam in qua insidentes Reges coronari salebant ex Scotia deferendam Londinum curavit quae etiâ—am nunc ad Westmonast â—rium servatur Polyd. Virg. Ang. hist. l. 1â— Initio sui principatus cisi ad lenitatem suaptò natura prâ—pensus â—rat quorundam tamen suorum consiltariorum coâ—rcitus monitis ut bonam indolem ostentaret gravitatem probitatem â—nodestiam praesâ—â—crre caepit veriâ—n baud omnino potuit ita coerceri quin brevi tempore petulantiam ac vanitatem sensim quidem primò occultè velut juvenili errore complexus suerit c. Polyd. Virg. Ang. hist. l. 18. Sir Thomas More Cuâ— Isabella Râ—gina Oxoniâ— esset una cum 〈◊〉 magno exercitu stipaâ—â— Episcopas concionem habuit in qua themate assumpto Dolet mihi caput oâ—â—endere conatus est caput insanum nec adhibitis opportunis remediis convalesceâ—s corpori dominari non debere Godw. de praesul Aâ—g Vide plura ibid. Speed Queen Isabel being to repass from Zeland into England with an Army in favour of her son against her husband had utterly been cast away had she come unto the Port intended being there expected by her enemies but fortune against her will brought her to another place where she safely landed Montaigne his Essayes l. 1. c. 33. Polyd. Virg. Ang. hist. l. 19. p. 382. commends her Speed Hollinsh Quo genere moriis Edwardus interierit non facile constat fama exit in vulgus illum dum ventrem purgaret fuisse veru transfixum per cluâ—es Polyd Virg. Ang hist l. 18. Fuerat nempè Rex iste inter â—mnes Reges orbis Principes gloriosus benignus clemens magnificus Belliger suit insignis fortunatus qui de cunctis congressibus in terrâ— in mari semper triumphali gloria victoriam reportavit Walsingh Hist. Ang. Edwardus tertius regnum saelicissimum rebus maximis à se gestis gloriofissimum ad annum secundum supra quinquagesimum produâ—it Godw. de praesul Ang. comment p. 119. Huic regi absque caeteris naturae ornamentis cum primis formae dignitas suffragabatur ingenium providum perspicax ac mite nihilporrâ— non sapienter non conâ—ideratè agebat homo permodestus frugi illos summè diligebat honoribusque ornabat ac amplificabat qui probitate modestia atque vitae innocentia allos antecederent Militaris disciplinae apprimè scâ—ens fuit ut res ab co gestae testimonio sunt Polyd. Virg. Ang. hist. l. 19. Il gaigna deux memorables batailles en France prist la ville de Calais deux grands Roys prisonniers rendit son nom redoutable à tous ses Voisins Histoire d'Angleterre Par du Chesne Floruere faelicia arma Edovardi tertii Regis qui de Iohanne Gallorum Rege capto speciocissimè triumphavit Ab hoc Edovardo Garcitenii equestris ordinis ceremoniam institutam ferunt Pauli Iovii Britanniae descriptio Hic est ille Edovardus qui Caletum urbem in continenti Galliae plures menses obsessum atque expugnatum Philippâ— Galliae Regi abhinc ducentis ser nè annis ademit Id. ib. Speed Id. ib. It was confirmed by thirty Parliaments in the succession of eight Kings This was the first Parliament we read of Sir Edward Cooks 4th part of Institutes Stow. He quartered the Arms of France with England Speed Gersey and Gernsey parcels of Normandy belong to the King of England Proâ—ssards Chron. c. 130. Daâ— hist. Speed Iohn de Serres The King of Bohemia was there slain whose plume of Ostridge feathers won then by the black Prince hath ever since been the cognizance of the â—rinces of Wales His eldest son sirnamed the Black Prince the mirrour of Chivalry not for his colour but dreaded in Battels He at the Battell of Câ—essy which bare two thirds of 8500 men fought with little less then 90000 and not many years after being fewer by three fourths The Welch his enemies in the Battell of Poicticrs he took King Iohn of France prisoner invironed by all the Princes Nobility of that Kingdome A young Prince twice a Conquerour having vanquished his enemy both by valour and courtesie 〈◊〉 Serres French Hist oâ— Iohn King of France Lhoâ—d in his History of â—â—ales calls him the 〈◊〉 of Chivalry of all Europe a Prince saith he of such excellent demeanour so valiant wise and politick in his doings that a perfect representation of Knighthood appeared most liveâ—â— in his person Seâ— more there p. 384 385. In the year 1â—49 〈◊〉 instituit Garterium ordinem cui â—auius deinde accessit honor 〈◊〉 maximos quosque Reges non penâ—tucâ—rit in id ventre Collegium â—olyd Vng. hist. l. 19. Vide plura ibi◠〈◊〉 hist. Belg. 〈◊〉 24. p. 285 286. In Richardo fuit forme gratia animus non vilis quem consociorum perversitas improbitas insulsitas extiuxitâ— fuit item summa infelicitas qui in talent calâ—â—itatem inâ— cidit ut in maximi beneficii pertenâ— accepeâ—it abdicare se imperio pro quo â—ortaies soleant 〈◊〉 omnia proâ—icere Polyd Virg. Ang. hist. l 21. He may be compared to Lewis the tenth of France called Huâ—â— which signifies mutiny because of his â—arbulent disposition this Montford gave the King 〈◊〉 Dan. hist. fâ—l 172. Cambd. Brit 〈◊〉 Worcestershire Mr. Bacons Uniform Government of England part 2. c. 1. Sir Iohn Arundel had two and fifty new suits of Apparel of cloath â— gold or tissue Hollinsh Chron. in Rich. the second Daniels third Book of Civil Wars â—ambd Briâ—annia in Surâ—ey Bellum Baroniâ—um Haywards life and Raign of Henry the fourth Haywards life and Raign of K. Henry the fourth Inter flores regia dignitas penes Rosam est Apud Anglos regia Rosa
former marriage unlawfull He never spared mâ—n in his anger nor woman in his lust Sir Naunton's Frag. Regal in Q. E. Accuratè vacábat literis vacabat animi gratia musicae legebat studiosè libros divi Thomae Aquinatis hoc agebat hortatu Volsaei qui totus erat Thomisticus Polyd. Virg. Ang. hist. l. 27. Mr. Seldens Titles of honour part 1. c. 4. Titulus iste Cothurnus est cuilibet pedi cuilibet fidei aptari potest non minus Papae qui â—edit quà m vestrae Didoclav praefat ad Altare Damascenum * Lib. 1. de schismate Anglicano My Lord Herberts life of Henry the 8th Neque Romanam Ecclesiam ab Anglia expulisset Henricum nisi prior clemens Henricus à Romana ejecisset Ecclesia Barclasi vind pâ—o Regibus advers R. Bellarm. Sanderus de schism ate Anglicano l. 1. Dii boâ—i quomodo hic vivunt gentes Lever saith he did more then any Prince in Christendome before him ever did the Pope being then so great Lever in his history of the Defender of the Catholick faith speaks much of the suppressing of Abbeys And Iura Cleric 3. More See the Preface to Sir H. Spelmans Book De non temerandâ—â— Ecclesiâ— * An old Priest â—lwayes read Mumpsimus Demine for Sumpsimus whereof when he was admonished he said That he had now used Mumpsimus thirty years and would not leave his old Mumpsimus for their new Sumpsimus Pacaeus de fructu qui ex doctrina percipitur Cum ab Iuae tempore ad hanc inquit Sleidanus Comment l. 9. atatem usque Britannia Romanis Episcopis eam pecuniam dependisset Henricus scilicet 8. omnium primus inhibuit eam amplius persolvi Selden Analect Anglo brit l. 2. c. 4. Vide Spelman de Consil. p. 312 374. Stowes Chron. in the life and Raign of Q. Eliz. He prepared the way to Reformation as his own power and profit was concerned in it He excluded the Popes Authority and caused himself to be declared supreme head of the Church of Ireland Lever in his history of the defenders of the Catholick Faith compares him with Frederick Barbarossa the Emperour of Germany Sir Walter Rauleighs Preface to his hist. of the world He spake French perfectly could declaim in Latin ex tempore and that without any sticking or stammering he understood Greek Spanish and Italian a flowing kind of eloquence he had yet grave and polite such as became a Prince alwayes measuring his words by the thing he spake of Dr. Hackwels Apology of Gods providence in the government of the world l. 1. c. 11. Sect. 12. See more there A piis atque eruditis praeceptoribus D. Coxo Johanne Checo Graecis Latinisque literis institutus tum saâ—a Religione ad praescriptam divini verbi normam imbutus aetatem longe suam doctrinae virtuteque superavit Anglicanam Ecclesiam rudem adhuc informem tam accuratè sincera Religious perpolivit omnesque faces pontificias expurgavit ut à piis omnibâ—â— alter Josias merito dictus fit Josc Antiq. Brit. Magno miraculo humanarum rerum tanti ingenii tantae expectationis pâ—â—r educabatur c. Hier Card. de Edv. 6. Rege Dr. Cox was â— utor also to Q Eliz. who recalled him from beyond seas restored him to many Church-dignities and appointed him to preach that day she went to her first Parliament Engl. Eliz. * Had he lived he would no doubt have made a full Reformation of those foul corruptions that remained and yet remain to this day and would have reduced all the Churches in his Dominioâ—s unto the Primitive and Apostolicall Order and Discipline as Bucer in his Book De Regno Christi written to him earnestly desired Whetenhall of the abuse now in question in the Church of Christ. Haywards life and Raign of Edward the sixth Of all the Papists in his Raign there was not one man lost his life To the godly there was no danger unless it were by wealth and prosperity Fox his Act. and Mon. A. D. 11â—0 Speed Vide Humfredum de Nobilitate l. 2. p. 232 233. Fox Martyr vol. 3. p. 431. Ipse Rex â—â—orum or efid o nuditus aut Sitiosorum immannati ex positus immaâ—â—rè morbo an veneno incertum praeripitur incredibili ob eximias supra aetatem virtutes desiderio apud populum relicto Apparatus ad Cambdâ—â—i Annales Queen Mary caused â—et to be beheaded She was married to Philip the second King of Spain who was long but well proportioned Some of her Coin was called Philip and Mary Speed Non natura sed pontificiorum arte ferox Id. ib. Lever compares her to the Queen mother of France Katherine de Medicis The suffering in her dayes did more settle and enlarge the bounds of the Gospel then all the preaching did in King Edward the sixth his Raign Dr. Ames Mr. Bacoâ—â— Uniform Government of England part 2 c. 34. Whose Raign was polluted with the bloud of so many Martyrs unfortunate by the frequent insurrections and made inglorious by the loss of Calais Nullus toto terrarum orbe angulus est quo non percrebuit admirabilis tua praeter invictam animositatem pictatem cruditio tam Latinè disertae ut exterorum Regum legati docti inprimis homines velut attoniti obstupescant quasi haerente in faucibus voce obinutesâ—â—nt re auditâ Had. Jun. Epist. Mariae Angliae Reginae Two hundred and eleven years It was lost in less then eight dayes It was 〈◊〉 won by Edward the third being the eleventh King from William the Conqueâ—our and lost by her the eleventh from Edward Capto summa celeritate Calâ—to quem portum Galliae portam aâ—pâ—llare consueverant Angliae Reges quo quamdiu potirentur tamdiu gâ—stare se â— cingulo claves Galliae dictitahant quicquid Gallis creptum ducentos per annos Angli fâ—liâ—iter obtinuer ant incontinenti paucorum dierum spatio Galliae regno restituere atque ad veteres terminos intra occanum se recipere coacti sunt Stradae de bello Belgic Dec. 1. l. 1. Though many persecutions have lasted longer yet none since Diâ—â—â—esians time â—ageâ— so terribly Dr. Heylius Eccles restaur See more there Dr Hackwelâ— Apol. of Gods providence in the Government of the world l. 4. c 11. Sect. 12. Seâ— more there Vide Cambde ni etiam Aâ—arat ad Annales The Orâ—tion is in Hâ—kâ—nsh Chron. â—â—de Saviii Orat. corom Regâ—na Elâ—z Oxon. â—habiâ—a Stradae de bello Belgic Decas 2. l. 1. p. 11. Vide Parkerum de Politcia Ecclesiast Christi l. 2. c. 38. There was between these two Princes â— concurrence and sympathy in their natures and affections together with the celestiall bond conformity in Religion which made them one and friends for the King ever called her his sweetest and dearest sister Sir Robert Nauntons Fragmenta Reg. Cambdens Britannia in Surrey Câ—mb Brit. in Wilâ—shire Gainsfords Glory of England l. â— c. 2. 〈◊〉 Biâ—dulphs Travels p.
report of the death of Britic he with great speed returned out of France where during the time of his abode he had served with good commendation in the Warres under Charles the Great by meanes whereof his reputation encreasing among his own Country-men he was thought worthy of the Government before he obtained it He first gave this Kingdom the name of England He ordained by publick Edict that the Heptarchy possessed by the Saxons should be called thence forward the Land of the English whence the Latines took also their name Anglia and the French that d' Angleterre There were three hundred years from King Egbert unto William the Conquerour He raigned over the West-Saxons thirty six years and seven moneths and Monarch of the whole Island seventeen Ethelwulfe The nineteenth King of the West-Saxons and the twentieth Monarch of the English men He being once himself nuzled in that order was alwayes good and devout to religious orders He was so well learned and so devout that the Clerks of the Church of Winchester did choose him in his youth to be their Bishop which function he took upon him and was Bishop of Winchester for seven years before he was King The History of Cambria by Lhoyd augmented by Doctor Powell p. 32. A Monk a Deacon and a Bishop yet elected King because they could not finde a fitter person for the Crown Necessitate cogente factus est Rex Roger Hoveden He ordained that Tythes and Church-Lands should be free from all taxes and Regall services Ethelwolphus Rex omnium historicorum consensu fide praestantissimus nec pietatis magis quà m rerumoptimé gestarum laude celebriâ— illustris Anti Sanderus Dialogo secundo Polyd. Virgil in the fifth Book of his English History saith of King Alfred Atqui Neotum inprimis monasâ—icae professionis virum sanctissimum ob eximiam eruditionem miro amore complexus est quo hortante Oxonij gymnasium instituit proposita mercede omnibus His second son by his Queen Iudith daughter of Charles the bald Emperour King of France Neote was much addicted to learning and was one of the first Divinity readers in the University of Oxford He was interred in the County of Huntington at a place then called Arnulphsbury and afterwards in regard of his interment St. Neots and now St. Needes This King was famous for having four sons who all of them were Kings of this Land successively He raigned twenty years one moneth and nine dayes Ethelbald The twentieth King of the West-Saxons and the twenty first Monarch of the English men He took Iudith his stepmother to be his wife this prodigious incest was soone punished by his untimely death He raigned five years Ethelbert The one and twentieth King of the West-Saxons and the two and twentieth Monarch of the English men The first Christned Prince of all the Saxon Nation Omnium Anglo-Saxonum regum Christi nominis primus hospes Twini Comment de rebus Brittanicis His name signifieth nobly-conceited or advised or of noble conceit or advisement Verstegan He raigned over the Kentish-South and East-Saxons ten years and was Monarch of the whole only five Ethelred The two and twentieth King of the West-Saxons and the twenty third Monarch of the English men Great was the valour of this King for in his short time of Raign as Malmesbury and other Writers record he fought no less than nine set Battels against the Danes in one year in most of them victorious At Wintburne in Darset-shire there is this Epitaph written on his Tomb. In hoc loro quiescit corpus S. Ethelredi Regis West-Saxonum Martyris qui anno Domini DCCCLXXII XXIII Aprilis per manus Danorum Pagâ—norum occuâ—â—uit He raigned in great trouble five years saith Malmesbury CHAP. V. Alfred Aelfred or Alvred THe twenty third King of the West-Saxons and twenty fourth Monarch of the English men He was the first annointed King of England as glorious for his most excellent Laws transcendent Justice and Civil Government as for his martiall exploits victories and for his incomparable piety and extraordinary bounty to the Clergy and learned men Of his great memory when he was young vide Asserium de Aelfredi rebus gestis He was accounted a good Grammarian Rhetorician Philosopher Musician and Poet. His Raign began with troubles and Warres in defence of the Land which the Pagan Danes intended to destroy and though his powers were small yet was he forced into the field within one moneth after his Coronation He fought no less than forty six bloudy Battels saith Spelman with the Danes by Land and Sea for his Countries liberties Vir in bellâ— per omnia strenuissimus Asserius He was once brought to that extremity that he was forced to leave his Companies and lurk in Somerset-shire Marshes The solitary place of his most residency was an Island inclosed with two Rivers Thane and Parret at their meetings in the County of Somerset commonly called Edeling seâ— where he in very poor attire disguised was entertained into a Cow-heards service where on a time as he sate by the fire in trimming of his Bow and shaâ—ts a Cake of dough baking on the hearth before him chanced to burn the Cowheardess coming in and seeing him minde his Bow more than his bread in a great â—ury cast away both his Bow and arrowes and checking him said Thou fellow dost thou see the bread burn before thy face and wilt not turn it and yet art thou glad to eat it before it be half baked Of the naturall dayes twenty four hours eight he allotted for devotion and contemplation eight for refection and recreation and the eight remaining for matters of the Commonwealth Iulius Caesar having spent the whole day in the field about his military affairs divided the night also for three severall uses one part for his sleep a second for the Commonwealth and publike business the third for his studies Peacham He translated Gregories Pastorals Bâ—les History and Boethius de Consolatione Philosophiae into the Saxon tongue and began to do the like with Davids Psalmes In divinis libris sacra lectione tam assiduus erat quod Davidicum Psalterium vel aliquem alium librum aedisicâ—â—torium in sinu suo semper ferret viros literatissimâ—s de terris exteris ad se accersens aliquandiu in Palatio suo secum pro sacris literis addiscendis retentos demum diversis praelatiis dignitatibus premoveret Ingulphi Historia p. 870. vide plura ibid. p. 871. He restored the decayed University of Oxford by fixing therein a Colledge now bearing the name of Vniversity-Colledge and annexed ample maintenance unto it He divided his Kingdome into Shires Hundreds and Tithings for the better ordering and administring of justice and for the abandoning of theeves which had formerly encreased by the meanes of long Warres whereby notwithstanding the multitude of Souldiers continually imployed
and of all other Civill States at this day exclude Bastards without a subsequent legitimation from inheritance yet by the Laws of Norway a Princes Son gotten on a Concubine bond or free was equally inheritable as any other born in wedlock which was I believe no small reason why he stood at first so much for the Laws of Norway to have been generally received in this Kingdome And some stories also say that Arlet or Arlee as she is sometimes written was to him a good while vice uxor is If she were so his Concubine between whom and a wife the old Imperialists make no other difference but honour and dignity and by them also some kind of inheritance is allowed to such Bastards as are naturales liberi that is gotten on Concubines it was much more reasonable that her son should be reputed as legitimate than that the son of every single woman bond or free whether Concubine or no should be so as those of Norway allow Mr. Seldens review of his History of Tythes First landing at Pemsâ—y in Sussex he fell down stumbling as he came out of his Ship O Dux Angliam tenes said one of his Knights Rex futurus so Matthew Paris and espying that he had brought up sand and earth in his hand added Yea and you have taken Livery and Seisin of the Conutrey Seldens Titles of honour in 4. to p. 34. When he had landed his Forces he fortified a piece of ground with strong trenches and caused all his Ships to be set on fire leaving to his Souldiers no hope to save themselves but only by victory After this he published the causes of his coming in Arms to challenge the Kingdome of England given to him by his Cousin King Edward the last lawfull possessor at that time thereof And to revenge the death of his Cousin Alfred Brother to the same King Edward cruelly and deceitfully slain by Earl Goodwin and his adherents In the Battell between King Harold and him at the last Hareld was struck with an arrow through the left eye into his brains of which wound he presently died He was buried by his Mother at Walsham Cross within the Monastery which he had founded Ibi Gulielmus perblandé ac perbenigné locutus simulque magnifica pollicitus ab omnibus quanquam non pari alacritate diem festum celebrantibus rex declaratur Polyd. Virg. Ang. hist. l. 9. Where this Battell was fought the Conquerour after founded Battail-Abbey He was crowned at Westminster by Aldred Archbishop of Yorke anno Dom. 1066. His strength was such that few men could draw his Bow and being about fifty of his age when he subdued this Kingdome it seems by his continuall actions he felt not the weight of years upon him till his last year He enclosed new-Forrest in Hamshire for which he dispeopled Villages and Towns about the space of thirty miles to make a desert for Beasts of chase in which place afterward two of his sons Richard and William ended their lives Richard by a fall from his Horse and William by the stroke of an arrow The Kings great delight in hunting was made the pretence of this Forrest but the true end was rather to make a free place of footing for his Normans and other friends out of France in case any great revolt should be made One Herlowin a Nobleman in Normandy married his Mother Arlotte and had by her a son named Hugh Lupus to whom he gave the Earldome of Chester to hold of him as freely by his sword as himself held England by his Crown by vertue of which Cranâ— the said Hugh ordained under him four Barons such an honour as no Subject before or since ever enjoyed the like Because conspiracies are commonly contrived in the night he commanded that in all Towns and Villages a Bell should be rung in the evening at eight of the Clock called Curfu-Bell and that in every house they should then put forth their fire and lights and go to bed which custome of ringing a Bell at that hour in many places is still observed William the first whom pride craft profit swayd Did England but his conscience first invade Dr. Holiday his Survey of the world Book 9. By the counsell of Stigand Archbishop of Canterbury and of Eglesme Abbot of St. Augustines who at that time were chief governers of Kent as the King was riding towards Dover at Swanescombe two miles from Graveseud the Kentish men came towards him armed and bearing boughs in ther hands as if it had been a moving wood they enclosed him upon the sudden and with a firm countenance but words well tempered with modesty and resâ—ect they demanded of him the use of their ancient Liberties and Laws that in other matters they would yeeld obedience to him that without this they desired not to live The King yeelded to them for the present knowing right well that the generall Customes and Laws of the residue of the Realm would in short time overflow these particular places So pledges being given on both sides they conducted him to Rochester and yeelded the County of Kent and the Castle of Dover into his power He took the review and account of all the Towns and land in England This Book was called the Roll of Winton because it was kept in the City of Winchester By the English it was called Doomes-day Book either by reason of the generality thereof or else corruptly instead of Domus Dei Book because it was layed in the Church of Winchester in a place called Domus Dei According to this Roll taxations were imposed sometimes two shillings and sometimes six shillings upon every Hide of land a Hide containing twenty Acres besides ordinary provision for his house Vide Seldeni Analecta Anglobrit l. 2. c. 4. Spelmanni Glossarium p. 352. He was too covetous Sola est do qua merito culpetur pecuniae cupiditas quam undecunque captatis occasionibus nihil unquam pensi habuit quin corroderet faceret diceret nonnulla pene omnia tanta majestate indigniora ubi spes nummi effulsisset Malmesb. de Wilielmo primo l. 3. He would often swear by Gods resurrection and his brightness Talia per resurrectionem splendorâ—â— Dei pronuncians quod solereâ— ex industria talia sacramenta facere quae ipso habitu oris terrificum quiddam auditorum memibus insonarent Malmesb. de Wilielmo primo He bare such reverence to Lanfrancke Archbishop of Canterbury that he seemed to stand at his directions Malmesbury l. 4. de Wilielmo secundo saith Diu dubitavit mundus quo tandem vergeret quo se inclinaret indoles ejus Inter initia vivente Lanfranco Archiepiscopo ab omni crimine abhorrebat ut unicum fore Regum speculum speraretur Quo defuncto aliquandiu varium se praestitit aequali lance vitiorum atque virtutum He respected Aldred Archbishop of York by whom he had been crowned King of England as
25 26. Her name filed the Christian Turkish Persian American Indian parts Purchas pâ—â—grimage 1. l. 3. c. 1. Sect. 1. See ibid. c. 3. Sect. 3. If she were a Catholick she might be accounted the mirrour of the world saith a secular Priest Meteranus Rer. Belg. hist. l. 23. much commends her That great Elizabeth of England nurse of God Church God hath established her seat with justice and goodness hath made her the terrour of all enemies of Christ and the beauty of Europe â—olynes of the Civil Wars of France Bacons Uniform Government of England part 2. c. 34. She wrote then Tanquam ovis as a sheep to the slaughter He was a bold Preacher who afterwards told her she was now Tanquam indomita juvenca This was Mr. Deâ—ring They presenting to her the Bible in English at the little Conduit in Cheapâ—ide she answered I thank the City for this gift above all the rest it is a Book which I will often and often read over She delighted much in the love of her people What gentle language would she use to them What cordiall prayers would she make for them Speeds Chron. Surely Surely a Prince so high in the favour of God and so mighty with men so blessed with dayes and prosperous in her Raign so beloved at home and so dread abroad so absolute for blessings and so admired for Government was never seen in England William Leighs Queen Elizabeth paraleld second Sermon He paralels he there in her princely vertues with David Ioshua and Hezekiah 1. With David in her afflictions to build the Church First Serm â— 2. With Ioshua in her puisâ—â—nce to pâ—otect the Church Second Sermon 3. With Hezekiah in her piety to reform the Church Third Sermon Her Motto was Semper eadem It Plutarch were alive to write lives by paralels it would trouble him both for vertue and fortune to find for her a paralel amongst women Sir Francis Bacon the Lord Chancellour Elsmere She was the happy instrment of God to promote the Protestant Religion in all parts May his History of the Parliament of England l. 1. c. 1. See more there Robert Cecil Robert Dudley Earl of Leicester the Lord Howard Admâ—ralâ— Walsingham What famous Captains were Generall â—Norris Captain Williams Morgan the noble Earl of Essex and others in land afâ—airs Who more renowned than Captain Drake Frobisher Hawkins Candish with the â—est in Sea travails Sir Philip Sidney was her great favourite Sir Richard Bakers Chron. Bishop Iewel was the glory of her Raign for learning Grafton in Q. Mary Cette vivacité d' esprit fermetè de jugement generuse resolution aux bauteâ— enterprises esquelles excelloit vostre Royale Loyale soeur là brave Elizabeth d' Angleterre Memoires de Sully Multa Regis Phiâ—â—pi secundi indignationem sâ—â—m 〈◊〉 adversus 〈◊〉 Reginam tantâ— quidem 〈◊〉 sensu â—uanto pro benefiâ—â—is proque viâ—a iâ—sa quam et bis â—â—tque dedisse rev Rex affirmabâ—t dum conspirationum insimulatam è â—arcere capitalique judicio liberaverat pro bâ—s aliis que promâ—ritis alias super alias accepisse se indesinenter injuâ—ias agnoscebat Viderat statim ab initio Principem Orangium as Belgarum populos consilio pecunia milite ad defectionem ab illa concitatoâ— Iâ—diâ—rum provincias à Draco à Conditio ab aliis ejus emissarlis vâ—xatas ac direptas â— regiam pecuniam interversam ac naves in Anglia râ—tâ—â—tas â—lenconâ—am spâ—ruptiarum ia Angliam allectum atque inde in Belgium ad capiendam Brabantiae coronam instructum Stradae de bello Belgico Decas 2. l. 9. Vide Cambdeâ—â—l Annales See Purchas Pilgrim part 3 4 c. 9 â—ct â— Reginam â—um vixit ut sororem diligentissimè observavit Anglosque pariter caeteros eximiâ— dilexit Camd. Annal. An uncharitable Jesuit in a scandalous Libell spread abroad and published some years after Q. Elizabeths death saith that she died without sense or feeling of Gods mercies and that she wished she might after her death hang a while in the air to see what striving there would be for her Kingâ—dome Camd. Eliz. transl Preface * Ita repugnante nâ—â—ine Scotiae Rex Angliae possessionem 〈◊〉 primâ—â—sque intra omnem annalium memoriam Britanniae totam Insulam uno imperio complexus est Groti hist. Belg. One that writes Ruinorum conspiratio saith Quinqus Reges ex honoratissima Sâ—uartorum familia etiam eodem omnes praenomine continuâ—â—aserie invicem succedentes in ipsâ— aetatis ant flore aut vigore extinctos acceperant relictis semper regni haeredibus pueris aut impuneribus qui per atatem gerendis rebus non sufficerent Favins Theater of Honour l. 5. c. â— See Dr. Heylins Geog. of the Brittish Isle See Mr. Wentworths Book before quoted This Margaret was Grandmother to King Iames by his father and mother Grotii â—ist Belg. See Osbornâ— Miscellanies of Esâ—ayes Paradoxes p. 6 7 8 9. Dr. Reynolds at its first coming out being shewed it read it over and bought it saying he was concerned and wronged in it Sir Walter Rauleigh his Hist. of the World part 1. l. 5. c. 6. Sect. 2. See more there Vide Idaeam Rosae sive de Jacobi Regis virtutibus â—â—arrationem Quis hodie 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 vere amans non optet ex animo magnae Britanniae magnum illuns Regem ob eximias doctrinaâ— dotes quibus tanti neminis Majestaâ—i sempiternam famam circumfudit in universals reformatarum Ecclesiarum Concilio ad modum magni illius Constantini Episcopis Pastoribus non modo ad externi ordinio conservationem veâ—ùm etiam ad controversiarum quae hodieagiantur definitionem aliquando praâ—sidere Gers. Buc. Dissert de Gubernat Eccles. p. 115. * Liber à Rege ad fillum conscriptus in quo optimus Princeps omnibus â—umcris absolutua elegantissimè depingitur â—acre ibtle est quot homiâ—um animos studis inde sibi conciliarit quartum sui expectationem cum admiratione apud omnes concitarit Camdeni Annal. rerum Anglie part 4. p. 171. Sâ—â—vent je l' oioi plaindre que S. M. d' Angleterre trop arreste a quelques petites dissensiones entre les siens â— ' avoitpas asses de soin de la guerison de plus profondes playes qui sont en l' Eglise La vie de M. du Plessis l. 2. The 29 of May is famous for our present Kings birth and return to London * See Mr. Gatakers Vindication of the Annotat. of Ier. 10. 20. against Lilly p. 75. Of a Feavor His birth Being about the age of twenty five years God so loosed his tongue at his triall that he spoke without the least stammering or hesitation Sir Franck Wortley his Character Dr. Gaudâ—n in his Eccles. Aug. Suspiria l. 3. c. 22. saith he was stedfast and able in his judgement against Popery * Letter 20. to the Queen speaking of Religion he saith It is no thank to me to trust thee in any thing else but in this which is the only thing of difference in opinion betwixt 〈◊〉 See M. Gatakers Apologeticall Discourse aginst Lillie Harvei excreit 64. de generat animal He as well as the Countess of Desmond so much spoken of for her great age is said to have lived in the Raign of Edward the fourth H. L'estrange The History of the French Academy p. 220. Id. ib p. 221. Boxhornius in his Metamorphosis Anglorum hath collected Apophthegmata Carolina 1. Theologica 2. Moralia 3. Politica The Author of the Character of him mentions his severall vertues King Iames his Works are all in one volume in Folio both in Latine and English Mr. Philpots Kent surveyed and illustrated See M. S. â—ords Loyall â—ubjects Indignation for his Râ—vall Sâ—veraâ—gnâ— Dâ—col 〈◊〉 Primus Reformatus à Reformatis à suis subjectis Salmaqi ad militorum responsio D. Cornelius Burgess preached against it on Amos 5. 13. Dr. Gauden protested also against it I have heard that four French Divines Bochart Amyraut Vincent and de Laâ—gly have written against the Kings death of which some I have seen The Princess of Tureine Daillé Gachens and Grelinâ—court have also written against it * Effundi volo ejus sanguinem per Magistratum scilicet volo in cum animadverti eum capito plecti lege talionis Mercer Vide Paul Fag col lat Translat in loc 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 quasi 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Vide Grotium de jure belli pacis l. 1. c. 3 4. Cameronem ad Rom. c. 13. v. 3. Imperii sinis unicus populi utilitas Jun. Brut. vind contra Tyranui * Quod asseverant cum à quo aliquis constituitur esse superiorem constituto verum duntaxat est in ea constitutione cujus effectus perpetuò pender à voluntate constituentis non etiam in eâ— quae ab initio est voluntatis postea vero effectum habet necessitatis Grotius de jure belli pacis l. 1. c. 3. Vide plura ibid.