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war_n be_v solemn_o proclaim_v betwixt_o the_o two_o crown_n of_o france_n and_o spain_n from_o which_o time_n sundry_a treaty_n be_v make_v betwixt_o france_n and_o the_o state_n general_n for_o carry_v on_o a_o common_a war_n against_o spain_n their_o common_a enemy_n with_o defence_n of_o the_o one_o to_o make_v a_o separate_a treaty_n without_o comprehension_n of_o the_o other_o yet_o the_o state_n gen._n awaken_v at_o length_n to_o discern_v that_o the_o lower_v the_o spanish_a scale_n be_v depress_v the_o high_a that_o of_o france_n will_v be_v lift_v and_o that_o while_o they_o enlarge_v their_o border_n upon_o the_o spanish_a netherlands_o they_o fight_v themselves_o the_o near_a to_o france_n and_o that_o as_o it_o be_v necessary_a for_o they_o on_o the_o one_o side_n to_o maintain_v bank_n for_o secure_v their_o low_a country_n against_o inundation_n of_o the_o sea_n so_o it_o be_v as_o needful_a for_o they_o on_o the_o other_o side_n to_o preserve_v a_o spanish_a barriere_n in_o flanders_n interpofe_v betwixt_o they_o and_o the_o impetuous_a overflow_a torrent_n of_o a_o french_a power_n they_o at_o last_o embrace_v the_o honourable_a and_o advantage_n condition_n tender_v they_o and_o conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o spain_n which_o though_o france_n resent_v and_o mounseur_fw-fr seruient_fw-fr the_o french_a plenipotentiary_n at_o munster_n can_v tell_v they_o that_o though_o he_o have_v but_o one_o eye_n he_o can_v see_v that_o one_o day_n they_o will_v repent_v it_o yet_o the_o state_n think_v themselves_o out_o of_o pupillage_n and_o capable_a to_o judge_n their_o own_o concern_v in_o the_o last_o resort_n nor_o do_v they_o think_v it_o reasonable_a that_o france_n shall_v be_v the_o sole_a arbitrator_n of_o peace_n and_o war_n not_o only_o for_o themselves_o but_o for_o their_o ally_n also_o they_o do_v nod_n exclude_v france_n from_o the_o peace_n but_o france_n will_v not_o be_v include_v and_o they_o conceive_v the_o french_a king_n have_v no_o 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which_o under_o the_o mediation_n of_o england_n and_o france_n save_v denmark_n and_o his_o father_n christiern_n the_o four_o have_v do_v the_o like_a in_o the_o year_n 1629_o when_o worsted_n by_o the_o imperialist_n after_o he_o have_v confederated_a with_o the_o prince_n of_o saxony_n pomeren_n and_o mecklenburgh_n in_o both_o which_o case_n there_o be_v a_o force_n put_v and_o a-moral_a necessity_n which_o resolve_v into_o this_o quicquid_fw-la cogit_fw-la excusat_fw-la but_o what_o shall_v we_o say_v to_o the_o aforementiond_v treaty_n at_o the_o pirenees_n where_o france_n covenant_v by_o article_n to_o abandon_v portugal_n and_o send_v they_o no_o more_o succour_n of_o money_n man_n munition_n etc._n etc._n contrary_a to_o former_a convention_n with_o that_o crown_n and_o that_o upon_o no_o cogency_n of_o their_o affair_n for_o they_o be_v then_o in_o a_o flourish_a condition_n but_o in_o exchange_n for_o several_a advantageous_a concession_n from_o spain_n of_o which_o when_o 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a_o man_n do_v not_o right_o express_v what_o he_o true_o mean_v he_o be_v unhappy_a therein_o and_o it_o may_v involv_v he_o in_o trouble_n and_o inconvenience_n caec_fw-la quid_fw-la verbis_fw-la satis_fw-la hoc_fw-la cantum_fw-la erat_fw-la minimè_fw-la quae_fw-la res_fw-la igitur_fw-la valuit_fw-la voluntas_fw-la quae_fw-la si_fw-la tacitis_fw-la nobis_fw-la intelligi_fw-la posset_n verbis_fw-la omnino_fw-la non_fw-la uteremur_fw-la quia_fw-la non_fw-la potest_fw-la verba_fw-la reperta_fw-la sunt_fw-la non_fw-la quae_fw-la impedirent_fw-la sed_fw-la quae_fw-la indicarent_fw-la voluntatem_fw-la cic._n orat._n prc_n a._n caec_fw-la yet_o if_o by_o the_o most_o probable_a conjecture_n it_o can_v be_v find_v that_o his_o true_a meaning_n be_v different_a from_o what_o his_o word_n seem_o import_v equity_n will_v relieve_v he_o by_o prefer_v his_o meaning_n before_o his_o word_n nay_o if_o the_o meaning_n of_o man_n in_o their_o mutual_a pact_n and_o stipulation_n can_v certain_o be_v know_v without_o word_n the_o superaddition_n of_o word_n will_v be_v whole_o useless_a and_o superfluous_a therefore_o in_o the_o interpretation_n of_o all_o contract_n that_o which_o primary_o and_o principal_o be_v to_o be_v regard_v in_o case_n any_o doubt_n arise_v be_v what_o the_o mind_n of_o intention_n of_o the_o contractor_n be_v and_o this_o must_v be_v collect_v from_o all_o the_o probable_a sign_n and_o indication_n not_o only_o of_o word_n whither_o speak_v or_o write_v but_o of_o other_o rational_a conjecture_n fetch_v from_o their_o several_a topic_n of_o precedent_n cause_n concur_v circumstance_n necessary_a consequent_n or_o effect_n and_o the_o like_a and_o where_o there_o be_v no_o reason_n to_o the_o contrary_a nothing_o of_o absurdity_n that_o will_v follow_v or_o which_o admit_v will_v render_v the_o contract_n useless_a we_o ought_v to_o stand_v to_o the_o propriety_n of_o the_o word_n yet_o still_o with_o this_o difference_n that_o in_o matter_n odious_a 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of_o a_o thing_n odious_a and_o burdensome_a viz._n the_o diminution_n of_o liberty_n both_o civil_a and_o natural_a for_o nature_n allow_v every_o man_n a_o right_n of_o defend_v himself_o by_o repel_v force_n with_o force_n and_o if_o every_o man_n then_o much_o more_o a_o politic_a society_n the_o equity_n of_o their_o case_n direct_v we_o to_o believe_v that_o the_o carthagenian_o will_v not_o renounce_v so_o necessary_a a_o right_n the_o propriety_n of_o the_o word_n war_n be_v salve_v well_o enough_o by_o restrain_v it_o to_o the_o principal_a species_n of_o war_n viz._n invasive_a which_o carry_v with_o it_o a_o great_a ostentation_n of_o power_n than_o a_o defensive_a thus_o in_o a_o matter_n odious_a the_o equity_n of_o the_o case_n direct_v and_o the_o propriety_n of_o the_o word_n have_v or_o wage_n war_n allow_v they_o shall_v be_v construe_v only_o to_o restrain_v the_o carthagenian_o from_o any_o hostile_a aggression_n or_o invasion_n of_o other_o but_o not_o from_o the_o necessary_a defence_n of_o themselves_o when_v attaque_v by_o
a_o enemy_n but_o suppose_v the_o word_n of_o the_o say_a league_n have_v be_v to_o forbid_v the_o carthagenian_o the_o furnish_n or_o relieve_v any_o enemy_n of_o the_o roman_a people_n with_o arms._n here_o the_o word_n arm_n be_v likewise_o general_a and_o may_v be_v divide_v into_o offensive_a and_o defensive_a the_o question_n be_v whither_o in_o this_o case_n it_o shall_v be_v take_v general_o to_o comprehend_v all_o arm_n or_o restrictiu_o to_o arm_n offensiv_o only_o which_o be_v the_o noble_a sort_n of_o arm_n and_o sometime_o the_o noble_a species_n be_v take_v for_o the_o whole_a genus_fw-la as_o in_o the_o former_a case_n of_o war._n if_o we_o proceed_v by_o the_o former_a method_n we_o shall_v find_v that_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o question_n be_v of_o a_o thing_n favourable_a and_o beneficial_a viz._n the_o hinder_v the_o relief_n of_o a_o enemy_n that_o the_o intentional_a equity_n of_o the_o case_n be_v to_o debar_v a_o enemy_n from_o all_o instrument_n of_o 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of_o another_o and_o this_o will_v be_v to_o tie_v a_o prince_n to_o do_v what_o he_o be_v already_o tie_v not_o to_o do_v which_o be_v a_o moral_a contradiction_n but_o put_v case_n the_o treaty_n oblige_v both_o prince_n to_o continue_v the_o war_n by_o a_o conjunction_n of_o force_n till_o both_o may_v obtain_v reasonable_a condition_n from_o their_o common_a enemy_n in_o this_o case_n each_o prince_n shall_v have_v the_o judgement_n not_o only_o of_o his_o own_o but_o of_o the_o other_o condition_n also_o so_o far_o forth_o as_o they_o relate_v to_o the_o continuance_n or_o discontinuance_n of_o the_o war_n on_o his_o part_n else_o upon_o pretext_n that_o his_o condition_n be_v not_o reasonable_a the_o one_o may_v everlasting_o opiniastre_n the_o war_n and_o consequent_o engage_v the_o other_o in_o it_o during_o his_o single_a pleasure_n all_o league_n and_o contract_n as_o well_o with_o prince_n as_o with_o private_a person_n be_v ever_o mutual_a and_o reciprocal_a and_o be_v always_o make_v betwixt_o two_o party_n at_o few_o and_o where_o there_o be_v but_o two_o in_o the_o contract_n if_o one_o of_o they_o depart_v from_o it_o it_o be_v no_o long_o a_o contract_n now_o a_o prince_n by_o the_o non_fw-fr performance_n of_o every_o material_a point_n contain_v in_o the_o league_n or_o treaty_n violat_v the_o faith_n thereof_o and_o depart_v from_o the_o league_n itself_o and_o this_o non_fw-fr performance_n on_o the_o part_n of_o the_o one_o prince_n do_v not_o operate_v by_o way_n of_o invest_n in_o the_o other_o a_o power_n or_o moral_a faculty_n of_o break_v or_o nonperform_v with_o he_o in_o a_o matter_n of_o the_o like_a nature_n for_o than_o it_o will_v tantamount_n to_o this_o because_o one_o be_v false_a to_o i_o therefore_o i_o may_v be_v false_a to_o he_o but_o it_o operate_v by_o way_n of_o annul_v and_o avoid_v the_o whole_a league_n as_o have_v no_o long_o any_o obligation_n in_o it_o it_o become_v a_o mere_a cancel_v bond_n and_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v a_o agreement_n that_o in_o the_o issue_n and_o effect_n it_o prove_v a_o disagreement_n no_o prince_n be_v bind_v by_o any_o league_n to_o perish_v single_o or_o in_o company_n with_o another_o and_o the_o safety_n welfare_n and_o prosperity_n of_o his_o people_n be_v his_o primary_n obligation_n first_o in_o time_n and_o first_o in_o dignity_n to_o which_o all_o treaty_n and_o transaction_n with_o foreign_a prince_n be_v but_o secondary_a and_o subservient_fw-fr neither_o can_v any_o of_o they_o be_v plead_v to_o evacuate_v that_o original_n and_o fundamental_a obligation_n and_o though_o private_a person_n may_v in_o several_a instance_n contract_v to_o their_o own_o great_a hurt_a and_o damage_n and_o still_o be_v bind_v up_o thereby_o yet_o it_o be_v otherwise_o with_o prince_n in_o their_o public_a and_o politic_a capacity_n because_o of_o the_o conjugate_v interest_n of_o prince_n and_o people_n forasmuch_o as_o a_o prince_n can_v great_o hurt_v himself_o 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unexpected_a accident_n fall_v out_o which_o change_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o case_n such_o as_o if_o either_o of_o the_o confederate_n can_v have_v have_v the_o foreknowledge_n of_o he_o will_v never_o have_v enter_v into_o the_o league_n here_o the_o cause_n of_o it_o cease_v the_o foundation_n fail_v the_o prince_n be_v to_o consult_v the_o present_a conjuncture_n to_o take_v other_o measure_v suit_v and_o adapt_v to_o the_o now_o state_n of_o thing_n for_o to_o debar_v a_o prince_n from_o accommodate_v his_o council_n to_o new_a and_o unforeseen_a emergency_n be_v equal_o absurd_a as_o to_o oblige_v a_o mariner_n not_o to_o shift_v his_o sail_n according_a to_o the_o variation_n of_o the_o wind_n a_o prince_n think_v it_o just_a and_o reasonable_a under_o his_o present_a circumstance_n to_o enter_v into_o a_o society_n of_o arm_n with_o another_o and_o be_v confederate_a with_o he_o in_o a_o common_a war._n the_o condition_n of_o his_o affair_n afterward_o change_n and_o as_o then_o consider_v render_v the_o war_n unreasonable_a his_o people_n fall_v into_o distemper_n at_o home_n his_o arm_n more_o requisite_a elsewhere_o the_o continuation_n of_o the_o war_n follow_v with_o a_o train_n of_o fatal_a consequence_n at_o first_o not_o so_o easy_o discoverable_a in_o this_o case_n the_o prince_n need_v none_o to_o dispense_v or_o absolv_v he_o if_o any_o other_o can_v do_v it_o beside_o the_o person_n contract_v with_o from_o the_o tie_n and_o bond_n of_o his_o confederacy_n he_o be_v never_o oblige_v under_o these_o circumstance_n nothing_o of_o this_o case_n be_v include_v in_o the_o league_n and_o therefore_o tacit_o except_v the_o than_o state_n and_o condition_n of_o his_o affair_n which_o be_v the_o move_a and_o lead_v cause_n to_o his_o consent_n to_o it_o be_v now_o quite_o different_a and_o become_v another_o thing_n and_o the_o former_a motius_fw-la to_o a_o war_n be_v now_o change_v into_o more_o powerful_a argument_n for_o a_o peace_n it_o be_v the_o same_o in_o all_o pact_n and_o promise_n betwixt_o private_a person_n they_o be_v all_o subject_n to_o the_o tacit_n condition_n of_o thing_n abide_v in_o the_o same_o state_n not_o as_o if_o humane_a affair_n can_v long_o abide_v without_o change_n but_o it_o be_v mean_v only_o of_o thing_n relate_v to_o the_o pact_n or_o promise_n such_o as_o contribute_v to_o the_o be_v of_o it_o and_o without_o which_o imply_v it_o have_v not_o be_v make_v 35._o omnia_fw-la esse_fw-la dedebent_fw-la eadem_fw-la quae_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la cam_fw-la promitterem_fw-la ut_fw-la promittantis_fw-la fidem_fw-la teneas_fw-la quie_n quid_fw-la mâ—tatur_fw-la libertatem_fw-la facit_fw-la de_fw-fr iutegro_n consulende_fw-la &_o meam_fw-la fidem_fw-la liberat_fw-la sen._n de_fw-fr benet_n lib._n 4._o cap._n 35._o for_o example_n i_o promise_v my_o friend_n i_o will_v relieve_v he_o as_o long_o as_o i_o live_v and_o never_o suffer_v he_o to_o want_v but_o i_o be_v then_o in_o the_o possession_n of_o a_o plentiful_a fortune_n be_o now_o reduce_v to_o penury_n so_o that_o what_o i_o have_v bare_o suffice_v my_o own_o necessity_n here_o my_o promise_n bind_v i_o not_o nature_n teach_v and_o charity_n permit_v to_o prefer_v myself_o perhaps_o my_o friend_n become_v a_o criminal_a to_o the_o state_n and_o by_o law_n though_o a_o subsequent_a one_o i_o be_o forbid_v to_o relieve_v he_o here_o my_o duty_n to_o the_o government_n foreclude_v my_o promise_n or_o if_o a_o usurper_n forbid_v i_o under_o capital_a penalty_n though_o i_o owe_v he_o no_o duty_n of_o obedience_n yet_o self-preservation_n acquit_v i_o nor_o can_v it_o be_v suppose_v that_o i_o mean_v to_o oblige_v myself_o to_o supply_v another_o want_n with_o the_o loss_n or_o imminent_a hazard_n of_o my_o own_o life_n perhaps_o i_o promise_v to_o a_o friend_n and_o he_o afterward_o turn_v my_o enemy_n and_o what_o i_o intend_v for_o his_o good_a he_o pervert_v to_o my_o hurt_n here_o i_o may_v just_o retract_v my_o abuse_a benefit_n infinite_a case_n may_v be_v frame_v wherein_o the_o change_n of_o thing_n shall_v change_v the_o reason_n and_o consequent_o the_o obligation_n of_o a_o promise_n and_o though_o when_o i_o promise_v i_o do_v not_o caution_n express_o against_o such_o accident_n and_o event_n under_o which_o i_o will_v be_v understand_v not_o to_o be_v bind_v because_o i_o can_v not_o know_v nor_o foresee_v they_o all_o yet_o common_a and_o universal_a reason_n shall_v be_v plead_v in_o aid_n of_o the_o weakness_n of_o my_o private_a understanding_n for_o bare_a word_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v extend_v to_o over-rule_v the_o reason_n of_o thing_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o reason_n of_o thing_n ought_v to_o regulate_v the_o interpretation_n of_o word_n and_o all_o stipulation_n and_o contract_n consist_v as_o well_o of_o what_o be_v rational_o imply_v as_o what_o be_v verbal_o express_v but_o if_o common_a reason_n and_o equity_n be_v just_o plead_v in_o benefit_n of_o a_o private_a person_n where_o his_o life_n and_o fortune_n lie_v at_o stake_n how_o much_o more_o shall_v it_o be_v in_o the_o case_n of_o a_o prince_n where_o the_o conservation_n of_o a_o community_n be_v concern_v and_o if_o unforeseen_a accident_n fall_v out_o in_o the_o ordinary_a occurrence_n of_o humane_a life_n how_o much_o often_o in_o the_o case_n of_o a_o war_n that_o grand_a scene_n of_o vicissitude_n and_o mutability_n the_o case_n of_o the_o gibeonite_n record_v in_o sacred_a history_n who_o by_o surreption_n and_o not_o without_o a_o fraudulent_a lie_n obtain_v a_o league_n wherein_o they_o yield_v their_o person_n slave_n and_o bondman_n to_o redeem_v their_o life_n will_n if_o due_o examine_v make_v nothing_o towards_o the_o invalidating_a of_o what_o be_v before_o affirm_v as_o may_v to_o his_o saitsfaction_n be_v see_v by_o he_o who_o have_v the_o leisure_n to_o consult_v grotius_n in_o his_o 2d_o book_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la belli_n ac_fw-la pacis_fw-la cap._n 13._o paragr_n 4._o england_n england_n be_v confederate_a with_o france_n in_o a_o war_n against_o holland_n and_o france_n at_o the_o same_o time_n make_v war_n against_o spain_n who_o be_v a_o ally_n of_o england_n in_o case_n two_o prince_n be_v confederate_n in_o a_o war_n against_o a_o three_o and_o one_o of_o they_o by_o hostile_a provocation_n occasional_o arise_v from_o this_o war_n or_o by_o voluntary_a design_n engage_v himself_o in_o a_o new_a war_n against_o a_o four_o prince_n who_o be_v a_o friend_n and_o ally_n of_o the_o other_o confederate_n to_o the_o multiplication_n still_o of_o more_o war_n by_o a_o superfaetation_n in_o this_o case_n the_o state_n of_o affair_n be_v quite_o alter_v from_o what_o it_o be_v when_o the_o league_n be_v first_o enter_v into_o and_o that_o other_o confederate_a will_v labour_v under_o a_o double_a disadvantage_n for_o first_o the_o force_n of_o his_o confederate_a will_n by_o this_o new_a war_n be_v distract_v and_o divide_v and_o consequent_o more_o of_o 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