Regiomontum The Capital of Lithuania is Vilua In Livonia or Liefland are the Towns of Riga Reuel and Torpach it belongs almost wholly to the Suede being yielded to that Crown by the Treaty of Oliva in the Year 1660. The Capital of Massovia is Warsaw of Podlassia Bijelsko Caminiek and Bar are in Podolia and Vlodimer in Volhinia Leopolis an Archbishoprick is the Metropolis of Russia-Nigra Samogithia is also a Province of that State but hath neither Town nor Castle The Rivers of that Country are the Vistula or Weisel that passes by Cracocovia Sandomeria and Dantzick The D'una passing by Riga into Lithuania The Boristhenes or Nieper bounds these States on the East having its mouth in the Vkraine the Country of the Cosacques who are under the Dominion of the King of Poland but none of the best Subjects The Catholick Religion is the strongest in these States but the Calvinist and Lutheran are professed there also A Table of the Longitudes and Latitudes of the principal places in Poland and Lytuania Prussia Royal to Poland  Lat. Long. Dantzick 54 2 41 5 Elbing 54 1 42 4 Marienburg 53 5 42 1 Newenburg 53 3 41 5 Gulm 53 1 41 4 Thorn 53 0 41 4 Prussia Ducal to Brandenburg Brandenburg 54 3 43 4 Koningsburg 54 3 44 0 Alterburg 54 2 44 4 Tilse 54 5 45 4 Memmel 55 4 45 0 Samagotia in North Russia Midnick ab Nomie 55 3 46 1 Rosienne 55 2 46 5 Heligaw 56 0 44 4 Birce 56 0 48 5 Tauragen 55 1 46 1 Curland in North Russia Mittaw 56 3 47 3 Goldingen 56 4 45 4 Windaw 57 0 45 0 Liba 56 2 44 4 Plenen 57 1 46 2 Lithuania Palatinate de Poloczk Poloczk 55 2 53 3 Rosian 55 0 55 2 Drissa 55 5 52 1 Pal. de Witepsk Scasnistere 55 0 54 2 Witepsk 55 2 55 4 Witlisst 55 4 57 0 Vla 55 0 54 3 Horodeck 55 4 55 3 Pal. of Vilna Breslaw 55 4 50 4 Vilna 54 3 29 1 Froki 54 3 48 4 Milkemirs 55 0 48 4 Opixty 55 1 49 0 Pal. of Troki Troki 54 3 48 4 Pubinki 54 5 49 2 Kowne 54 4 47 4 Grodne 53 4 47 3 Lida 53 5 49 0 Wilkewiska 53 1 48 3 Bielica 53 4 49 1 Asuriana 54 2 49 4 Pal. d' Minsk Minsk 53 5 51 4 Borislaw 54 0 53 2 Pal. of Novigrodeck Novigrodeck 53 3 49 3 Skenim 53 0 49 0 Hasko 53 0 51 4 Mir 53 2 50 2 Pal. de Mesillaw Mesillaw 54 0 58 0 Orssa 54 2 56 0 Mohilow 53 4 56 0  54 3 47 3 Rohakzo 52 5 55 0 Rzeczyca 52 0 56 0 Pal. of Bressici Bressici     Pinek     Horodeck     Kolne     Nassovia Warsaw 52 1 44 1 Pultansk 52 4 44 3 Czersko 51 5 44 3 Wiskow 52 2 44 2 Nar 52 3 46 1 Wishegred 52 3 43 0 Poland Pal. of Plotsko  Lat. Long. Plotsko 52 3 42 4 Plousko 52 5 43 0 Doberin 52 3 42 2 Reppina 52 5 42 3 Pal. of Inowlocz Inowlocz 52 5 41 2 Wladislaw 52 4 40 4 Fredrelaut 53 2 40 4 Pal. of Posua Posuan 52 2 40 3 Rogosua 52 4 39 5 Welin 52 5 38 5 Krziwin 52 0 40 3 Miedzersee 52 2 38 2 Pal. of Kebish Ghesna 52 3 40 5 Kaelish 51 5 40 5 Navle 52 5 40 1 Lawdic 52 1 41 1 Colo 52 1 41 3 Pal. of Brest Brestie 52 3 42 0 Kraswick 52 4 41 1 Pal. of Rava Rava 51 5 42 3 Gabni 52 2 52 3 Gostinin 52 2 52 4 Pal. of Seradia Serad 51 3 41 0 Telun 51 1 40 5 Krzepick 51 0 41 0 Pal. of Lencici Lencici 52 1 41 4 Bresini 52 3 42 5 Pal. of Saudomira  Lat. Long. Lawichest 51 3 45 0 Saudomire 50 3 44 4 Visliczca 50 1 43 3 Malogocz 50 4 42 5 Zarnaw 51 1 42 5 Radom 51 1 44 0 Pal. of Cracaw Cracow 50 0 42 3 Zacor 49 5 42 0 Nowopol 50 5 41 5 Sandecz 49 4 43 1 Brecz 49 4 43 4 Pal. of Lublin Lublin 51 0 45 1 Czetiche 51 3 44 4 Kazimeeres 51 0 44 4 Lukow 51 4 45 4 Pal. of Bielsk Bielsk 52 4 47 1 Grodeck 62 1 56 2 Aguston 53 4 46 4 Goniutz 53 2 46 1 Drogierin 52 1 46 2 Pal. de Chelia 51 0 46 3 Dubur 50 5 77 1 Kranoslow 50 5 46 0 Pal. of Belez 50 1 47 4 Krilow 50 3 17 2 Pal. de Lemburg Terpold or Low 49 4 46 5 Halicz 48 5 47 5 Premislaw 49 3 45 3 Sanock 49 1 45 1 Sniatin 48 3 48 4 Pal. of Lusuck or Vithinna Mlodzimeers 50 4 47 4 Constantino 51 1 49 5 Horoskle 50 5 52 5 Lusuck 50 4 49 0 Pal. of Kaminieck 49 5 48 4 Barr 49 1 51 2 Bourack 49 0 48 3 Pal. de Bracklaw 52 4 48 5 Minieza 49 2 52 2 Vkrain or Cossacks Country Base Podolia Bialcerkew 50 0 54 4 Grudeck 50 0 53 2 Kiovia 50 4 55 2 Czyetkassia 49 3 56 3 Kudack 48 5 59 3 Krilow 49 2 47 3 Isles of y Tar-Treasure 48 0 58 1 Dutche de Czennihow Moryn 51 2 56 4 Kozel 50 2 57 4 Czernihow 51 5 57 0 CHAP. XVIII The Isles of Europe ENGLAND SCOTLAND IRELAND With the ILES Thereto Belonging ENGLAND SCOTLAND IRELAND The Island of Great Britain which comprehends the Kingdoms of England and Scotland is one of the biggest Islands in the Ocean The Kingdom of England is divided from Scotland that lies to the North by the River of Tweed and Cheviot Hills and from France by a narrow Sea called the Channel the chief Cities thereof are London on the Thames the Metropolis York and Canterbury its two Archbishopricks Oxford and Cambridg two famous Universities and several other great and populous Cities The chief Rivers of England are the Thames the Humber and the Severne This Kingdom is divided into fifty two Counties or Shires reckoning the Dominion of Wales which lies to the West thereof from which the eldest Sons of the Kings of England have their Titles of Princes of Wales Scotland a Kingdom to the North of England hath Edinburgh for its Metropolis St. Andrews and Glasgow two Archbishopricks and Universities and Aberdeen another University with many other Towns of less note the Rivers of Scotland are not very considerable except for Fishing The Orcades to the Northward of Scotland are many in number but only thirteen of them are inhabited and yet more Northerly are the Isles of Shetland belonging likewise to Scotland The Hebrides or Hebudes are to the West of Scotland and are above three hundred in number the greatest of which are Arran Skie and Mule The Isles of Anglesey and Man are to the West of England and the Isle of Wight to the South Ireland heretofore Hibernia lies to the West of England it is a great Island and hath many good Towns Dublin is its
Sintra 38 4 9 1 Casoales 38 3 9 1 Atalaia 39 1 10 3 Santarem 39 0 10 2 Almerin 39 0 10 3 Obedes 39 1 9 4 Berleng Island 39 1 9 1 Rock of Lisbon 38 3 9 1 Cape de Spiehel 38 1 9 3 In the Province of Alentejo Evora 38 0 11 1 Elvas 38 2 11 5 Portalegro 39 0 11 5 Villa Vicosa 38 2 11 4 Beja or Bexa 37 3 10 5 Olivenza 38 1 11 5 Montalva 39 1 11 5 Estramoz 38 2 11 2 Avis 38 4 11 1 Aliastiel 37 2 10 3 St. Jago de Cacem 37 3 10 0 In the Kingdom of Algarve Silves 36 5 10 2 Lagos 36 3 10 0 Fare 36 3 10 4 Tavila 36 4 11 0 Cape St. Vincent 36 3 9 4 CHAP. V. France FRANCE is bounded on the East by Italy from which it is divided by the River Var and the Alpes by Savoy Switzerland the Franche Comte Germany and the Low-Countries which are likewise to the North of it with the Channel or Narrow Sea that divides it from England on the West by the Ocean and on the South by the Pyrenean Hills and the Mediterranean We shall first describe its Provinces that are washed by the Ocean proceeding from North to South Pieardie hath Amiens for its Capital City the other more considerable Towns are Abbeville Perone Roye Corbie St. Quintin Calais and Boulogne which two are Sea-Ports Soissons Laon Beauvais Montrueil Dourlans Crecy where Philip de Valois lost a Battel to the English Guise and Rhetel Normandy hath Rouen its Capital it s other principal Towns are Eureux Bayeux Caen Diepe Constance Auranche and Havre de Grace Bretagne whereof Rennes is the Capital City Nantes Vannes S. Malo Beauport Lantriguier Brest and Blavet are its other Towns Poictou contains Poictiers its chief Towns Luson Maillezais Niord Fontenay Chastelleraud Rochel is in the Aulnis Xaintonge hath for its Capital Xaintes where some Roman Antiquities are still to be seen it s other Towns are Blay and St. John d' Angeli Guienne hath Bourdeaux upon the Garonne for its principal City at the mouth of that River stands the Tower of Cordouan a stately building and serves for a Sea Mark to Ships Under the name of Guienne several Countries are comprehended as the Agenois where are Agea Marmande Clairae the Condomois where are Condom and Nerac The County D' Armagnac where are Auch and Lectoure the County of Cominges where are Bertrand Coserans and Lombez the other Towns of Guienne are Bazas Ayres Acqs and Bayonne FRANCE The Basse Navarre lies at the foot of the Pyrenees its chief Towns are Palais and St. John de Pied de Port. The Principality of Bern is likewise at the foot of these Mountains its Capital is Pau and the other Towns of any note are Oleron and Lescar Bigorre hath Tarbes for its Capital Bagueres is likewise considerable there because of its hot Baths from whence it has its name The County of Foix lies at the foot of the same Mountains besides its chief Town of the same name it hath the Town of Pamies The County of Roussillon taken from the Spaniard has the same Situation and Perpignan is its Capital Languedoc comes next and stretches along the Mediterranean which it hath to the South being bounded on the North by the Mountains of Anvergue The Rhosne divides it from Provence and Dauphine on the East and Guienne borders on it to the West its Capital City is Tholonze Montpelier is the next the Bishops seat was at Maguelonne which is now ruined nothing remaining but two Churches It stood in an Isle in the middle of a Pool or Lake which hath Communication with the Sea This is that Town which Ptolomy calls Agatha and which some Geographers take for Agde but that Authors calls this last Agathopolis near the Eraut which removes all doubt besides that he calls Agatha an Isle and City Now there never was any City in an Isle upon that Coast except Maguelonne alone which changed its name with the Fate and Wrack of the Roman Empire It is somewhat strange that the greatest Geographers should have been ignorant of this which is so easie to be perceived by any that will consider Ptolomy and the Situation of that Country I make this remark in favour of Montpellier which is enlarged by the Ruins of Maguelonne enriched with its spoils and adorned with its Bishoprick which was transferred thither by Pope Paul the third in the Reign of Francis the first the Year one thousand five hundred and thirty six The other Towns of Languedoc are Narbonne an ancient Roman Colony as well as Nismes which by its stately Antiquities still shews what was heretofore the splendor of that place There is an Amphitheatre the most entire of any that is to be seen of that kind in the World a Royal Palace and some other magnificent Reliques of the Roman Age. Four Leagues from this City is a stately Aqueduct which is called the Pont du Guard because it is upon a River of that name Carcasson Besiers Agde Viviers and Beaucaire famous for the Fair of Magdalent are the other Towns of this Province which is one of the pleasantest in France Provence is divided from Languedoc that lies to the West of it by the Rhosne and from the County of Nice which it hath to the East by the Var and from Piemont by the Alpes it hath the Mediterranean to the South and Dauphine to the North its chief Towns are Aix its Capital Marseilles Arles Frejul Thoulon one of the best Sea-Ports in France Hieres and some others St. Maximin preserves the Body of Mary Magdalen The County of Venaissen that belongs to the Pope is shut in within the limits of this Province its Towns are Avignon Carpentras Cavaillon and Vaison The Principality of Orange belonging to the Princes of the House of Nassaw who from thence have their Title is inlocked within the County of Venaissin There is no considerable Town in it but that of Orange where are the Ruins of an Amphitheater and a Triumphal Arch of Marius Dauphine which is divided from Languedoc by the Rhosne and from Piemont by the Alpes contains these principal Towns following Grenoble its Capital and Ambrun this upon the Durance and that upon the Isere Vienna and Valence upon the Rhosne both very ancient The Lyonnois is to the North of Dauphine and Lions one of the greatest and fairest Cities of France is its Capital it 's situated on a point where the Saone mingles its still and gentle waters with the rapid streams of the Rhosne it hath no other Towns of great note Bresse is to the North of the Lyonnois it s chief Towns are Bourg in Bresse Montluel Pont de Vaux and St. Julian The Principality of Dombes which belongs to Madamoiselle of Montpensier Cousin German to the King of France is inclosed within Bresse the chief Town of it is Trevoulx The Dutchy of Burgundy lies Northward from the
for the use of the Eldest Son of the King of Portugal The Isle of Farnandopo is to the North of that and near the Coast of Guinea and the Kingdom of Benin Beyond the Line we find the Isle of Annobon which last the Portuguese called so because they discovered it on New-years day The Isle of Ascension discovered on Ascension day and therefore so called is farther to the South in the Ethiopick Sea and is neither inhabited nor habitable for want of Water but it is abounding in Turtle or Sea Tortoise St. Helena for a like reason so named is of all the Islands in the World the most Remote from the Continent being about Four hundred Leagues distant from it It hath excellent Fresh Water and so Salubrious an Air that the Sick who land there recover their Health quickly It belongs to the English and all the Ships that come from the East-Indies and belong to England do commonly put in and take Fresh Water there In the same Ocean and towards the Cape of Good-Hope are the small Islands of Elizabeth Cornelia and Fera. Beyond that Famous Cape and to the East of Africa in the Indian Sea lies the Isle of Madagascar called also of St. Laurence or of Laurence Armeide who discovered it in the year One thousand five hundred and six on the day of St. Laurence It is one of the greatest Islands in the World containing about Six hundred Leagues in Circuit Two hundred and sixty in Length and in some places an Hundred in Breadth It s Length reaches from North to South from the Eleventh Degree of South Latitude to the Five and Twenteth so that it is almost altogether in the Torrid Zone the Southern end of it being onely without it over which the Tropick of Capricorn passes It is very probable that they who have taken this for the Cerne of Pliny and the Menuthias of Ptolomy are mistaken and that the Ancients never knew it It hath no Towns only Villages beset with Stakes the fairest of which is Fauzaire The Inhabitants have little or no Religion they have neither Temples nor Altars they Fear a God but Worship him not The French have made some Voyages thither and printed Relations of the same There are many little Isles about this of the chief whereof we shall only speak To the East of it are the Isles of St. Mary of Bourbon Maurice and Diego Roiz To the North Gade Agulha and Natal To the West Mohila Camora Mayota Johanna and St. Christophers Near the Coast of Zonguebar is an Island of the same Name having to the South the Isle of Monfia and to the North that of Pemba Near the Cape Guardafuy lies Zocotora with a Town of the same Name This is the Dioscorides of the Ancients it produces the best Aloes and Dragons Blood between this and the said Cape lies another Island called Abba del Curia It is to be observed that the greatest part of Africa is in the Torrid Zone and that the Line cuts it so exactly in the middle that it reaches as far to the South as it does to the North of it that is to the Five and thirtieth Degree of South and North Latitude however the much greater part is to the Northwards The End of the Second Book A NEW GEOGRAPHY The THIRD BOOK AMERICA CHAP. I. AMERICA WE are now come to the New World for so Men hath been pleased to call this Continent which is divided from Europe Asia and Africa because it hath not been knowen to us much above an Hundred and four score years It is held that Christopher Columbus a Native of Genoua first discovered it in the year One thousand four hundred ninety two yet it carries not his Name but that of Americus Vespucius a Florentine who five years after Columbus in the year One thousand four hundred ninety seven discovered Brasile which was the cause that all that part of the World is called America It is likewise called the West-Indies in distinction from the East-Indies in Asia It hath to the East the Sea called the North Sea Mar del Nort to the West the South or Pacifick Sea to the South the Streights of Magellan but its bounds to the North are unknowen to us and we cannot tell whether there be Seas or Lands By the Isthmus of Panama which makes it two Peninsules it is divided into the North and South America In North America and on the North Sea are Estotiland Greenland Terra de Laborador Canada or new France New England Maryland Virginia Carolina Florida New Spain Jucatan Honduras Nicaragua Costarica and Veragua And on the Vermilian Sea Anien Quivira and New Mexico In South America are Golden Castille Guiana Brasile Plata and Terra Magellanica all upon the North Sea and on the South or Pacifick Sea Chili and Peru and Tucuman in the middle CHAP. II. North AMERICA ESTOTILAND Greenland and Terra de Labrador or Laborador have no Inhabitants but Savages who live amongst Ice and Snow with which these Countreys are covered The Reader must not expect Towns here for there are none at all We are only to observe that Greenland is a Countrey lately discovered and that there was another of the same Name which cannot now be found though the Kings of Denmark to whom it belonged have in vain sent Ships in search of it It had Towns with Churches and Monasteries but no body can tell what is become of it whether the passage to it be blockt up by the Ice or that it hath been swallowed up in the Ocean Canada is called New France because the French discovered and planted a Colony in it the chief places thereof are Quebec and Tadoussac upon the great River of St. Laurence New England is a Rich and Flourishing Countrey with many Towns the chief thereof is Boston Inhabited by the English Maryland is Peopled by the King of Great Brittain's Subjects and belongs to the Lord Baltimore who holds it of that Crown Virginia was so called by the English because they discovered it in the time of Queen Elizabeth who was never Married In it is James Town and some others the principal product of this Countrey is Tobacco which from hence is carried into most parts of Europe Carolina is a late Plantation of the English not fully settled as yet New ENGLAND VIRGINIA NEW SPAIN GUIANA New Spain is one of the loveliest Provinces in this New World There stands the City of Mexico which gave the Name to a great Empire whereof Montezuma was the last King Fernando Cortez Invaded it in the year One thousand five hundred and nineteen took that Prince and Conquered his Countrey There are many other Towns in that Countrey the chief whereof are Mechoacan Los Angelos Vera Crux Valladolid and Guatamala Mexico the Capital stands upon a Lake it is large and well peopled being the Residence of a Vice-Roy and Seat of an Archbishop Jucatan is a Peninsule on the Bay of Mexico the chief Town whereof is Merida