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A07711 The common-vvealth of Vtopia containing a learned and pleasant discourse of the best state of a publike weale, as it is found in the government of the new ile called Vtopia. Written by the right Honourable, Sir Thomas Moore, Lord Chancellour of England.; Utopia. English More, Thomas, Sir, Saint, 1478-1535.; Robinson, Ralph, b. 1521.; Marshall, William, fl. 1617-1650, engraver. 1639 (1639) STC 18098; ESTC S112890 95,095 304

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great mens friendships and therefore thinke it no great hurt if they haue not me nor third or fourth such other as I am Well I perceiue plainly friend Raphael quoth I that you be desirous neither of riches nor of power And truly I haue in no lesse reverence and estimation a man of your mind then any of them all that be so high in power and authority But you shall doe as it becommeth you yea and according to this wisedome to this high and free courage of yours if you can find in your heart so to appoint and dispose your selfe that you may apply your wit and diligence to the profite of the Weale publique though it be somewhat to your owne paine and hinderance And this shall you never so well doe nor with so great profit performe as if you be of some great Princes counsell and put into his head as I doubt not but you will honest opinions and vertuous perswasions For from the Prince as from a perpetuall well-spring commeth among the people the floud of all that is good or evill But in you is so perfect learning that without any experience and againe so great experience that without any learning you may well be any Kings Counsellour You be twise deceived Master More quoth he first in mee and againe in the thing it selfe For neither is in me the ability that you force vpon me and if it were never so much yet in disquieting mine owne quietnesse I should nothing further the Weale publike For first of all the most part of all Princes haue more delight in warlike matters and feates of Chivalry the knowledge whereof I neither haue nor desire then in the good feates of peace and imploy much more study how by right or by wrong to enlarge their Dominions then how well and peaceable to rule and governe that they haue already Moreover they that be Counsellours to Kings every one of them either is of himselfe so wise indeed that he needeth not or else he thinketh himselfe so wise that he will not alow another mans counsell saving that they doe shamefully and flatteringly giue assent to the fond and foolish sayings of certaine great men whose favours because they be in high authority with their Prince by assentation and flattery they labour to obtaine And verily it is naturally given to all men to esteeme their owne inventions best So both the Raven and the Ape thinke their owne young ones fairest Then if a man in such a company where some disdaine and haue despight at other mens invētions and some count their owne best if among such men I say a man should bring forth any thing that he hath reade done in times past or that he hath seene done in other places there the hearers fare as though the whole existimation of their wisedome were in jeopardy to be overthrowne and that ever after they should be counted for very desarts unlesse they could in other mens inventions picke out matter to reprehend and find a fault at If all other poore helpes faile then this is their extreame refuge These things say they pleased our forefathers and ancestors would God we could be so wise as they were and as though they had wittily concluded the matter and with this answere stopped every mans mouth they sit downe againe As who should say it were a very dangerous matter if a man in any point should bee found wiser then his fore-fathers were And yet be we content to suffer the best and wittiest of their Decrees to lye unexecuted but if in any thing a better order might haue beene taken then by them was there we take fast hold finding there many faults Many times haue I chanced vpon such proud lewd over-thwart and way-ward judgements yea and once in England I pray you Sir quoth I haue you beene in our Country Yea forsooth quoth he and there I tarried for the space of foure or fiue moneths together not long after the Insurrection the Westerne English men made against their King which by their owne miserable and pitifull saughter was suppressed and ended In the meane season I was much bound and beholding to the right reverend Father IOHN MORTON Arch-bishop and Cardinall of Canterburie and at that time also Lord Chancellour of England a man Master Peter for Master Moore knoweth already that I will say not more honourable for his authority then for his prudence and vertue He was of a meane stature and though stricken in age yet bare he his body upright In his face did shine such an amiable reverence as was pleasant to behold Gentle in communication yet earnest and sage He had great delight many times with rough speech to his suiters to proue but without harme what prompt wit and what bold spirit were in every man In the which as in a vertue much agreeing with his nature so that therewith were not joyned impudency he tooke great delectation And the same person as apt and meet to haue an administration in the Weale publike he did lovingly imbrace In his speech he was fine eloquent and pithie In the Law he had profound knowledge in wit he was incomparable and in memory wonderfull excellent These qualities which in him were by nature singular he by learning and use 〈…〉 perfect The King 〈…〉 hi● counsell 〈…〉 in a manner learned 〈…〉 when I was there ● Fo● even in the chiefe of his youth hee was taken from Schoole into the Court and there passed all his time in much trouble and businesse being continually tumbled and tossed in the waves of divers misfortunes and adversities And so by many and great dangers he learned the experience of the world which so being learned cannot easily be forgotten It chanced on a certaine day when I sate at his Table there was also a certaine lay man cunning in the Lawes of your Realme Who I cannot tell whereof taking occasion began diligently and earnestly to praise that strait and rigorous justice which at that time was there executed upon Felonies who as he said were for the most part twenty hanged together upon one gallowes And seeing so few escaped punishment he said he could not choose but greatly wonder and marvaile how and by what evill luck it should so come to passe that Theeves neverthelesse were in every place so rife and so ranck Nay ●ir quoth ● for I durst boldly speake my mind before the Cardinall mervaile nothing hereat for this punishment of Theeves passeth the limits of Iustice and is also very hurtfull to the Weale publike For it is too extreame and cruell a punishment for theft and yet not sufficient to refraine and with-hold men from theft for simple theft is not so great an offence that it ought to be punished with death neither there is any punishment so horrible that it can keepe them from stealing which have none other craft whereby to get their living Therefore in this point not you only but also the most part