time shall amongst vs englishmen eyther appall his honor or blot out his glory whiche in so few yeares and shorte dayes atchieued so high aduētures Of lerned men writers these I finde remembred by Baleand others to haue liued in the dais of this noble and valiant king Henry the fift Fyrst Alain de Linne borne in Lynne and professed a Carmelite Frier in that town and at length became Prior of that conuent but proceeded doctor of diuinity in the Vniuersitie of Cambridge and wrote manye treatises Thomas Otterborne that wrote an historie of Englande is thought to liue aboute this season he was a Franciscan or grey Frier as they called them and a greate student bothe in diuinitie and philosophy Iohn Seguarde and excellent Poet and a Rhetoritian he kepte a schoole and read to his schollers in Norwich as is supposed writing sundry treatises reprouing aswell the profaning of the Christian religion in Monkes and Priestes as the abuse of poetrie in those that tooke vppon them to write filthye Verses and rithmes Roberte Rose a Frier of the Carmelites order in Norwiche commonly called the white Friers both an excellent Philosopher and a diuine hee proceeded Doctor at Oxforde he was promoted to bee Priour of his house and wryting diuers treatises amongest all the Sophistes of his tyme as sayeth Bale he offended none of the Wicleuists which in that season set foorth purely the worde of God as maye appeare by hys workes Iohn Lucke a Doctor of diuinitie in Oxford a sore enimie to the Wicleuists Rich. Caister borne in Norffolke Vicar of S. Stephens in Norwiche a man of greate holynesse and puritie in lyfe fauoring though secretly the doctrine of Wicliffe and reprouing in his Sermons the vnchaste manners and filthie example that appeared in the Clergie Of Sir Iohn Oldcastell Lord Cobham ye haue heard before William Walleys a blacke Frier in Lyn and prouinciall of his order here in England Rich. Snetisham a student in Oxford where he profited so greatly in lerning and wisedome that he was accōpted for the chiefest in all that vniuersitie in respect wherof he was made chancellor of the saint he was chosen also to be one of the xij to examine and iudge vpon Wiclifes doctrine by the Archbi of Canterbury Iohn Langdene a monk of Christs church in Canterbury another of the .xij. that were chosen to iudge of Wiclifes opinions William Taylor a priest and a maister of arte in Oxford a stedfast follower of Wiclefes doctrine and was brente for the same in Smithfield at London the secōd day of March in the yeare of our Lord .1422 and last of Kyng Henry the fifths reigne Richard Grasdale studied in Oxforde and was one of those .xij. that were appointed to iudge of Wiclefs doctrine William Lyndwood a lawyer excellently learned as well in the Ciuill as Canon lawes hee was aduaunced to the seruice of this king Henry the fifth and made by hym keeper of the priuye Seal was sent in ambassade bothe to the kyng of Spayne and of Portingale aboute businesse of most weightie importance It is said that he was promoted to the Bishopryke of S. Dauid Bartholomew Florarius supposed as Bale saieth by Nicholas Brigham to be an englishmā wrote a treatise called Florarium wherof he took his surname and also an other treatise of abstinence in whiche he reproueth certaine corrupte maners in the clergie and the profession of Friers mendicants Adā Hemmelington a Carmelite Frier studied both in Oxford and in Paris William Batecon be is placed by Bale about the tyme of other learned men which liued in king Henry the fifthes tyme but in what season he liued he saith he knoweth not he was an excellent Mathematician as by the title of hys workes which he wrote it shoulde appeare Titus Liuius de Foro Luvisijs lyued also in these dayes and wrote the lyfe of this Henry the fifth an Italian borne but sith he was bothe refiant here and wrote the lyfe of this Kyng I haue thought good to place him among other of oure Englishe writers One there was that translated the sayd historie into Englishe adding as it were by waye of notes in manye places of that booke sundrye thinges for the more large vnderstanding of the historie a copie wherof I haue seene belonging to Iohn Stow citizen of London There was also aboute the same tyme an other writer who as I remember hath followed the sayd Liuius in the order of his booke as it were chapiter for chapiter onely chaunging a good familiar and easy stile which the said Liuius vsed into a certayn Poeticall kinde of writing a copie wherof I haue seene and in the life of this king partly followed belonging to maister Iohn Twine of Kent a lerned Antiquarie and no lesse furnished wyth olde and autentike monumentes than ripe iudgemente and skilfull knowledge for the perfect vnderstanding therof as by the fruites of his labors parte wherof as I am enfourmed he meaneth to leaue to posteritie it will no doubt ryght euidently appere Henry the sixte 1422 Henry the .6 AFter that Death had bereft the worlde of that noble Prince King Henry the fyfth his only sonne Prince Henry beyng of the age of nyne moneths or thereaboute wyth the sounde of Trumpettes Anno. reg 1. was openly proclaimed kyng of England and of Fraunce the thirtie daye of August by the name of Henrye the sixte in the yeare of the worlde Fyue thousande three hundred eightie and nyne after the birth of our Sauiour .1422 about the twelfth yeare of the emperour Fredericke the thirde the fortie and two and laste of Charles the sixte and the firste of Iames the thirde king of Scotlande The custodie of this young prince was appoynted to Thomas duke of Excester and to Henry Beauforde Bishoppe of Winchester the duke of Bedford was deputed Regent of France and the Duke of Gloucester was ordeyned protectour of Englande whiche takyng vpon him that office called to hym wyse and graue counsellours by whose aduice he prouided and tooke order as well for the good gouernemente of the Realme of Englande and the subiectes of the same at home as also for the mayntenaunce of the warres abroade and further conqueste to be made in Fraunce appoynting valyant and expert capitaynes whiche shoulde be ready when neede required Beside this he gathered great summes of money to maynteyne men of warre and left nothing forgotten that might aduance his purposed enterprises Whyle these things were a doing in Englande the duke of Bedforde Regent of France studyed moste earnestly not onely to keepe and well to order the countreys by king Henry late conquered but also determyned not to leaue off from dayly warre and continuall trauayle tyll the tyme that Charles the Dolphin which was nowe a flote bycause king Charles his father in the Moneth of October in thys presente yeare was departed to God shoulde eyther bee subdued or brought to due obeysance And surely the death of this
Whervpon the wiser men perceyuing suche a number of weapons and that great perill was not vnlike to ensue by suche apparance of late not accustomed woulde not bee present at the Sermon by reason whereof there was left a small auditorie Wherefore afterwarde there was a commaundement giuen by the Lorde Maior that the auncients of the companies shoulde be present at the nexte Sermon in their liueries and so they were whereby all became quiet The xviij of August next folowing The Duke of Northumberland arreigned the Duke of Northumberlande the Lorde Marques of Northampton and the Earle of Warwicke sonne and heire to the sayd Duke were brought into Westminster hall and there arreygned of highe treason before Thomas Duke of Norfolke high Stewarde of Englande The Duke of Northumberland at his comming to the barre vsed great reuerence towards the Iudges and protesting his faith and allegiance to the Queenes maiestie whome he confessed grieuously to haue offended he sayde that he ment not to speake any thing in defence of his facte but woulde first vnderstande the opinion of the Court in two points first whether a man doing any act by authoritie of the Princes counsayle and by warrant of the great seale of Englande and doing nothing without the same maye be charged with treason for anye thing which he might do by warrant therof Secondly whether any suche persons as were equallye culpable in that crime and those by whose letters and commaundementes he was directed in all his doings might be his iudges or passe vppon his triall as his peeres Wherevnto was answered that as concerning the first the great seale which he layde for his warrant was not the seale of the lawfull queene of the Realme nor passed by authoritie but the seale of an vsurper and therefore coulde be no warrant to him As to the seconde it was alledged that if any were as deepely to be touched in that case as himselfe yet so long as no atteyndor were of recorde against them they were neuerthelesse persons able in lawe to passe vpon any triall and not to be chalenged therefore but at the Princes pleasure After whiche aunswere the Duke vsing a fewe wordes declaring his earnest repentaunce in the case for he sawe that to stande vpon vttering any reasonable matter as might seeme woulde little preuayle he moued the Duke of Norffolke to bee a meane to the Queene for mercie without further answere confessed the inditement by whose example the other prisoners arreygned with him did likewise confesse the inditementes produced against them and therevpon had iudgement The xix of August Sir Andrewe Dudley Sir Iohn Gates and Sir Henrie Gates brethren and Sir Thomas Palmer Knightes were arreygned at Westminster and confessing their inditements had iudgemēt which was pronounced by the Marques of Winchester high Treasurer of Englande that sate that day as chiefe Iustice The Duke of Northumberland beheaded The xxij of the sayde moneth of August the sayde Duke Sir Iohn Gates and Sir Thomas Palmer were executed at the tower hill and all the rest shortlye after had their pardons graunted by the Queene who as it was thought coulde also haue bene contented to haue pardoned the Duke as well as the other for the speciall fauour that she had borne to him afore time The Archbishop of Canterburie committed to the tower Soone after this Thomas Cranmer Archbishop of Canterburie and late before of King Edwards priuie Counsayle was committed to the tower of London being charged of treason not onely for giuing aduise to the dishinheriting of Queene Marie but also for ayding the D. of Northumberlande with certayne horse and men against the Queene in the quarrell of the Ladie Iane of Suffolke The last day of September next following the Queene passed from the tower through the Citie of London vnto Westminster Queene Marie crowned and the next daye being the first of October shee was crowned at Westminster by Stephen Gardiner Bishop of Winchester for the Archbishops of Caunterburie and Yorke were then prisoners in the tower as before yee haue hearde at the time of whose coronation there was published a generall pardon in hir name being interlaced with so manye exceptions A pardon with exceptions as they they needed the same most tooke smallest benefite thereby In which were excepted by name no smal number not onely of Bishops and other of the Clergie namely the Archbishops of Caunterburie and Yorke the Bishop of London but also many Lordes Knightes and Gentlemenne of the laytie beside the two chiefe Iustices of Englande called Sir Edwarde Mountague and Sir Roger Cholmeley and some other learned men in the lawe for counsayling or at the least consenting to the depriuation of Queene Marie and ayding of the foresayde Duke of Northumberlande in the pretensed right of the afore named Ladie Iane the names of whiche persons so being excepted I haue omitted for shortnesse sake Assoone as this pardon was publyshed and the solemnitie of the feast of the Coronation ended Commissioners there were certayne Commissioners assigned to take order with all such persons as were excepted out of the pardon and others to compounde with the Queene for their seuerall offences which Commissioners sate at the Deane of Paules his house at the west ende of Paules Church and there called afore them the sayde persons apart and from some they tooke their fees and offices graunted before by King Edwarde the sixth and yet neuerthelesse putting them to their fines and some they committed to warde depriuing them of their states and liuings so that for the time to those that tasted thereof it seemed verye grieuous God deliuer vs from incurring the lyke daunger of lawe agayne The v. daye of October next following A Parliament the Queene helde hir highe Court of Parliament at Westminster which continued vntill the xxj day of the sayde moneth In the first session of whiche Parliament there passed no more Actes but one and that was to declare Queene Marie lawfull heire in discent to the crowne of Englande by the common lawes next after hir brother king Edwarde Treason Felonie Premunire and to repeale certaine causes of treason felonie and premunire contayned in diuerse former Statutes the whiche acte of Repeale was for that Cardinall Poole was especiallye looked for as after ye shall heare for the reducing of the Church of Englande to the Popes obedience and to the ende that the sayde Cardinall nowe called into Englande from Rome might holde his Courtes Legantine withoute the daunger of the Statutes of the Premunire made in that case wherevnto Cardinall Wolsey when he was Legate had incurred to his no small losse and to the charge of all the Clergie of Englande for exercising the like power the which acte being once passed forthwith the Queene repayred to the Parliament house The Parliament proroged and gaue therevnto hir royall assent and then proroged the Parliament vnto the xxiiij day of the sayde Moneth In
replenished wyth Neat al kind of cattell and such store is there also of the same in euery place that y e fourth part of the land is scarcely manured for the prouision and maintenaÌ„ce of grayne Certes this fruitfulnes was not vnknown vnto the Britens long before Caesars time which was the cause wherefore our predecessors liuyng in those dayes in maner neglected Tillage and lyued by féedyng and grasing onely The grasiers themselues also then dwelled in moueable villages by companies whose custom was to deuide the ground amongst them and eche one not to depart from the place where his loÌ„t lay till by eating vp of the country about him he was inforced to remoue further and seke for better pasture and this was the brittish custome at the first It hath bene coÌ„monly reported that the ground of Wales is neyther so fruitful as that of England neither the soyle of Scotland so bountifull as that of Wales which is true if it be taken for the most part otherwise there is so good grounde in some partes of Wales as is in England albeit y e best of Scotland be scarcely comparable to the best of eyther of both Howbeit as the bounty of the Scottish doth fayle in some respect so doeth it surmount in other Plenty of riuers God and nature hauyng not appointed all countries to yeld forth lyke commodities There are also in this Island great plenty of fresh riuers streames as you haue heard already and these thorowly fraught wyth all kyndes of delicate fish accustomed to be fouÌ„d in riuers Hilles The whole Isle likewyse is very full of hilles of which some though not very many are of excedyng heigth and diuers extendyng themselues very farre from the beginnyng as wée may sée by Shooters hill which rising east of London not very far from the Thames runneth along the south side of the Island westward vntill it come to Corinwall Lyke vnto these also are the crowdoÌ„ hils which from the peke do run into the borders of Scotlande What shoulde I speake of the cheuiot hils which run xx miles in length of the blacke mountains in Wales which go from _____ to _____ miles at the lest in length of the Grames in Scotlande and of our Chiltren which are 18. myles at the lest from one end of them to the other of all which some are very well replenished with wood notwithstandyng that the most part yelde a swéete short grasse profitable for shéep wherin albeit that they of Scotland doe somewhat come behind vs yet their outward defect is inwardly recompeÌ„sed not onely with plenty of quarries and those of sondry kindes of marble hard stone and fine alabaster but also rich mines of mettal as shal be shewed hereafter Windes In this Islande likewyse the wyndes are commonly more stronge and fierce then in anye other places of the maine and that is often séene vppon the naked hilles which are not garded with trées to beare it of That grieuous incoÌ„uenience also inforceth our Nobility gentry and comminaltie Bâ—… to build their houses in the valeis leauing the high groundes vnto their corne and cattell least the cold and stormy blastes of winter should bréede theÌ„ greater anoyance wheras in other Regions eche one desireth to set his house aloft on the hyll not onely to be sene a farre of and cast forth their beames of stately curious workemaÌ„ship into euery quarter of the country but also in whote habitations for coldensse sake of the ayre sith the heate is neuer so vehement on the hill top as in the valey because the reuerberation of the sunne beame eyther reacheth not so farre as the highest or else becoÌ„meth not so strong when it is reflected to the lower mountayne But to leaue our Buyldinges Husâ—… ameâ—… vnto the purposed place which notwithstanding haue verye muche increased I meane for curiositye and coste in Englande Wales and Scotland within these fewe yeares and to returne to the soyle againe Certainelye it is euen now in these our dayes growne to bée muche more fruitefull then it hath bene in times past The cause is for that our countreimen are growne to be more paynefull skilful and carefull thorowe recompence of gayne then heretofore they haue béene insomuch that my Synchroni or time felowes can reap at thys present great commoditye in a lyttle roume whereas of late yeares a great compasse hath yéelded but small profite and thys onely thorowe the ydle and negligent occupatioÌ„ of such as mannured and had the same in occupying I myght sette downe examples out of all the partes of thys Islande that is to say manye out of Englande moe out of Scotlande but most of all out of Wales in which two last rehearsed verye little other foode and lyuelyhoode was woont to be looked for beside fleshe more then the soyle of it selfe and the cow gaue the people in y e meane tyme lyuing idelly dissolutely by picking and stealing one froÌ„ another all which vices are nowe for the most part relinquished so that ech nation manureth hir owne with triple commoditie to that it was before tyme. The pasture of thys Islande is accordyng to the nature scituation of the soyle 〈◊〉 whereby in most places it is plentifull verye fine batable and such as eyther fatteth our cattel with spéede or yéeldeth great abundaunce of mylke and creame whereof the yellowest butter and finest chéese are made But where the blewe claye aboundeth which hardelye drinketh vppe the winters water in long season there the grasse is speary rough and very apte for bushes by which occasion it becommeth nothing so profitable to the owner The best pasture ground of all Englande is in Wales and of all the pasture in Wales that of Cardigan is the chiefe I speake of that which is to be founde in the mountaines there where the hundreth part of the grasse growing is not eaten but suffered to rotte on the grounde whereby the soyle becommeth matted and dyuers Bogges and quicke moores made wyth all in long continuance bycause all the cattle in the countrey are not able to eate it downe â—â—dowes Our medowes are either bottomes wherof we haue great store and those very large bycause our soyle is hilly or else lande meades The first of them are yearely and often ouerflowen by the rysing of such streames as passe thorowe the same or violent falles of lande waters that dyscende from the hylles about them The other are seldome or neuer ouerflowen that is the cause wherefore their grasse is shorter than that of the bottomes and yet is it farre more fine wholsome and batable sith the haye of our â—â—we meddowes is not onely full of sandy cinder which bréedeth sundry diseases in our cattell but also more roâ—â—y foggy full of flagges and therefore not so profitable for â—â—ouer and forrage as y e higher meades be The differeÌ„ce furthermore in theyr commodities is great for whereas in our
long before his death wherof eche of his childreÌ„ so sone as he was enterred toke seisure and possession Howbeit after two yeres it happened that Albanact was slayne wherevpon Locrinus and Camber raysed their powers reuenged his death and finally the sayde Loctinus made an entraunce vpoÌ„ Albania seyzed it into his owne handes as excheated wholly vnto himselfe without yéelding any part therof vnto his brother Camber who made no clayme nor title vnto any portion of the same Herby then sayth Adams it euidently appeareth that the entier seigniorie ouer Albania consisted in Locrinus according to which example lykeland among brethren euer since hath continued in preferring the eldest brother to the onely benefite of the collaterall assencion from the youngest asswell in Scotlande as in England vnto this daye Ebranke the lineall heire from the bodie of this Locrine that is to say the sonne of Mempris sonne of Madan sonne of the same Locrine buylded in Albania the castle of Maydens nowe called Edenbrough and the Castle of Alcluith or Alclude now called Dunbriton as the Scottish Hector Boethius confesseth wherby it most euidently appeareth that our Ebranke was then thereof seased This Ebranke reigned in the 〈…〉 ouer theÌ„ a long time after whose death Albania as annexed to the empire of the Britaine descended to the onely king of Britons vntill the discent to the two sisters sonnes Mâ—â—gan and Conedage lineall heires from the sayde Ebranke who brotherly vpoÌ„ the first example deuided y e realme MorgaÌ„ had Lhoegrâ—â— and Conedage haâ—… Albanâ—â— but shortly after Morgan the elder brother pondeâ—â—â—g in hys hed the loue to his brother with the loue to a kingdome excluded nature gaue place to ambition and therupoÌ„ denouncing warre death miserably ended hys life as the rewarde of his vntruth wherby Conedage obtayned the whole Empire of all Britaine in which state he remayned during his naturall lyfe From him the same lineally descended to the onelye king of Britons vntill after the reigne of Gorbodian who had issue two sons Ferres and Porres This Porres requyring lyke diuision of the lande affirming the forâ—…er particions to be rather of lawe then fauour was by the handes of his elder brother both of his lyfe and hoped kingdome bereued at once whereupon their vnnaturall mother vsing hir natural malice for the deth of hir one sonne without regard of the lossing of both miserably slew the other Cloten by all writers aswell Scottishe as other was the next inheritour to the whole Empire but lacking power the only meane in those dayes to obtayne right he was contented to deuide the same among thrée of his kinsmen so that Scater had Albania But after the death this Cloten his sonne Dunnallo Mulmutius made warâ—…e vpon these thrée Kinges and at last ouercame them and so recouered the whole dominion in token of which victorie he caused himselfe to be crowned with a crowne of gold the very first that was worne among the kinges of this nation This Dunuallo erected temples wherein the people shoulde assemble for Prayer to which temples he gaue benefite of Sanctuarie he made the 〈◊〉 for wager of battaile in cases of murder and â—â—lonte whereby a théefe that lyued and made his art of â—…ighting shoulde for his purgation fight wyth the true man which he had robbed but he beléeued that the Goddes for then they supposed many would by myracle assigne victorie to the innocent partie The priuileges of which first sawe benefite of the latter aswell in Scotlande as in Englande be midyed to this day few causes by late positiue lawes among vs excepted wherein the benefite of wager of battaâ—…le is expelled â—… by which obedience to hys lawes it doth manifestly appeare that thys Dunuallo was then seased of Albania nowe called Scotland This Dunuallo reigned in thys estate ouer them many yeares Beline Brenne the sonnes of this Dunuallo dyd after theyr fathers death fauourably deuide the land betwéene them so that Beline had Logres and Brenne had Albania but for that this Brenne a subiect without the consent of his elder brother and Lord aduentured to marry with the daughter of the king of Denmarke Beline seased Albania into his owne handes and thereuppon caused the notable wayes priuileged by Dunuallons Lawes to be newly wrought by mens handes which for the length was from the furder part of Cornewall vnto the the sea by North Cathnes in Scotland for religion in those daies he coÌ„stituted ministers called Archeflamines in their functions most like the aucthoritie of Bishoppes at this daye the one of which remained at Ebranke now called Yorke and whose power exteÌ„ded to y e vttermost bondes of Albany wherby lykewyse appeareth that it was then within his dominion After his death the whole Isle was enioyed by the onlye kings of Britaine vntill the tyme of Vigenius and Perydurus lineall heires from the sayde Belyne who fauourably made particion so that Vigenius had all the land from Humber south and Perydurus from thence North all Albania This Vigenius died and Perydurus suruiued and thereby obtayned the whole from whome the same quietly discended and was by his posteritie accordingly enioyed vnto the reigne of king Coell of that name the first In hys tyme an obscure nation by most writers supposed Scithians passed by seas from Irelande and arriued in that part of Britaine called Albania against whome this Coell assembled his power and being entred Albania to expell theÌ„ one Fergus in the night disguised entered the tent of this Coell and in his bed traiterously slew him This Fergus was therefore in reward of such vertue made there King whereupon they sat downe in that part with their wiues and children and called it Scotlande and themselues Scottes from the beginning of the worlde After the Scottishe accompt foure thousande and sixe hundred and seuentéene yeares which by iust computacion and confession of all their owne wryters is sixe hundred yeares lacking tenne after that Brutus had reigned ouer y e whole Island the same land being enioyed by him and his posteritie before their comming during two and fiftie discentes of the kinges of Britaine Certes this intrusion into a land so many hundred yeares before inhabited and by so many disceÌ„ts of kings quietly enioyed is the best tytle that all their owne writers alledge for them This Fergus hereupoÌ„ immediately did deuyde Albania also amoÌ„g his Capitaines and their people whereby it most euidently appeareth that there were no people of that nation inhabiting there before in proofe wherof the same particion shall followe The landes of Cathnes lying against Orknay 〈…〉 betwéene Dummesbey and the Water of Thane was giuen vnto one Cornath a capitaine and his people The landes betwéene the Water of Thane and Nes nowe called Rosse lying in bredth from Cromart to the mouth of the water of Lochte were giuen to Lutorke another Capitaine and his people The landes betwéene Spay and Nes from the Almaine seas to the Ireland
of this lande to the loue of learning which before contempned letters all good knowledge as men only giuing themselues to husbandrie and the warres the like wherof I read to haue béene amongst y e Gothes Vandales who for a time woulde not suffer euen their princes to be learned for weakening of their courages nor any learned men to remayne in the counsel house but by open proclamation woulde commaunde theÌ„ to auoyde Pyrates and robbers by sea are condemned in the court of the Admyraltie hanged on the shore at lowe water marke where they are left til thrée tides haue ouer-washed them Finally such as hauing wals bankes néere vnto the sea and doe suffer the same to decay after coÌ„uenient admonition wherby the water entreth and drowneth vp the country are by a certayne custome apprehended condemned staked in y e breache where their remayne for euer as parcell of the foundation of the newe wall that is to be made vpon them as I haue hard reported Of sauuage beastes and vermines Cap. 7. IT is none of the least blessings wherewith God hath indued thys Islande that it is void of noysome beasts as Lions Beares Tygers Pardes Wolfes and such like by meanes whereof our countrymen may trauaile in safetie and our herdes and flockes remayne for the most part abroade in the fielde without any herde man or kéeper This is chiefely spoken of the south southwest part of the Islande For whereas we that dwell on this side of the Twede maye safely boast of our securitie in this behalfe Yet can not the scottes doe the lyke in euery point with in their kingdome sith they haue grieuous Wolfes continually conuersaunt among them to the generall hinderaunce of their husbandmen and no smal damage vnto the inhabiters of those quarters The happy fortunate want of these beasts in Englande is vniuersally ascribed to the pollitike gouernement of king Edgar who to the intent the whole Countrie might once be clensed and clerely ridde of them charged the conquered Welchmen who were then pestured with these rauenous creatures aboue measure to paye him a yearely tribute of Wolfes skinnes to be gathered within the lande He appointed them thereto a certaine number of thrée hundred with frée liberty for their prince to hunt and pursue them ouer al quarters of the realme as our Chronicles doe report Some there be which write how Ludwall Prince of Wales payde yearely to king Edgar this tribute of 300. Wolfes and that by meanes thereof within the compasse and terme of foure yeres none of those noysome creatures were left within Wales and England Since this tyme also we read not that anye Wolfe hath béene séene here that hath bene bredde within the bondes and limites of our country Howbeit there haue béene diuers brought ouer from beyonde the sea for gréedinesse of gaine to make money onely by the gasing and gaping of the people vpon them who couet oft to sée them beyng straunge beastes in their eyes and seldome knowne in Englande Of Foxes we haue some but no great store Foxes Badgiers and also Badgiers in our sandy light groundes where woodes firzes broome and plentie of shrubbes are to shrowde them in when they be from their borrowes and therto Warrens of Coneys at hand to féede vpon at will Otherwise in claie which we call y e cledgie mould we seldome here of any because the moisture and toughnesse of the soile is such as will not suffer them to drawe and make their borrowes depe Certes if I may fréely say what I thinke I suppose that these two kindes I meane Foxes and Badgers are rather preserued by GentlemeÌ„ to hunt haue pastime with all at their owne pleasures then otherwise suffered to lyue as not able to be destroyed because of theyr greate numbers For such is the scantitye of them here in England in comparison of the plentie that is to be séene in other countryes and so earnestly are the inhabitants bent to roote theÌ„ out that except it had bene to beare thus w t the recreations of their superiors it could not otherwise haue ben chosen but that they should haue bene vtterly destroyed by many yeares agone I might here intreat largely of other vermine as the Polcate the Miniuer the Weasel Stote Squirrill Fitchew and such like Also of the Otter and Beuer Beuers of which as the first sortes are plentifull in euery woode and hedgerow so these latter especially the Otter Otters for to say the truth we haue not manye Beuers but only in the Teisis in Wales is not wanting or to séeke in many streames riuers But it shal suffice in this sort to haue named them as I doe also the Martern Marternes although for number I worthily doubt whether that of our Beuers or Marternes may be thought to be the lesse Other pernicious beastes we haue not except you repute the great plentie of red and fallow Deare and store of Conies amongst the hurtful sort Which although that of theÌ„selues they are not offensiue at all yet theyr great numbers are thought to be very preiudicial and therfore iustly reproued of many as are in lyke sort our huge flocks of shéepe where on the greatest parte of our soyle is emploied almost in euery place The male of the red Deare was sometime called among the Saxons a staggon Stagges but now a stagge or vpon some consideratioÌ„ an Harte as the female is an Hinde And this is one parcell of the Venery wherof we intreated before and whose proper dwelling is in the large and wooddy forrests The fallow deare as Bucks and Does are nouryshed in Parkes Connys in warrens and borrowes As for Hares they runne at theyr owne aduenture except some Gentleman or other for hys pleasure doe make an inclosure for them Of these also the stagge is accompted for the most noble game the fallow Deare is the next theâ—… the Roe whereof wée haue indifferent store and last of all the Hare all which notwythstanding our custome are pastimes more méete for Ladies and Gentlewomen to exercise then for men of courage to followe whose hunting should practise theyr armes in tasting of theyr manhoode and dealing w t such beastes as eftsoones wyll turne agayne and offer them the hardest rather then theyr féete whych many tymes may cary dyuers from the fielde Surely this noble kinde of hunting onely did great Princes frequent 〈◊〉 times past as it may yet appeare by the hystories of theyr times and there to besâ—… that whych we read of the vsuall hunting of the Princes and Kings of Scotland of the wild Bull Woolfe c. the example of king Henry the second of England who disdayning as he termed it to followe or pursue towards cherished of set purpose sundry kinde of wilde beastes at Woodstocke and one or two other places in England whych he walled about wyth hard stone where he would often fight wyth them hande to
or Hull men will say howe that stockefishe is light loding and therefore they dyd baiase their vessels with these Iselande stones to kéepe them from turning ouer in their so daungerous a voyage ¶ Of sundry Mineralles Cap. 16. WYth howe great benefites thys Ilande of oures hathe béene indued from the beginning I hope there is no godly man but wyll redily confesse and yéelde vnto the Lorde God his due honour for the same For we are blessed euery way there is no temporall commoditie necessary to bée had or craued by any nacion at Gods hand that he hath not in most abundaunt maner bestowed vpon vs Englishmen if we coulde sée to vse it and be thankefull for the same But alas as I sayd in y e chapter precedent wée loue to enrych them that care not for vs but for our great commodities and one tryfling toye not woorth the caryage coÌ„ming as the prouerbe saith in thrée shyps from beyonde the sea is more woorth with vs theÌ„ a ryght good Iewel easie to be had at home They haue also the cast to teach vs to neglect our owne thinges for if they sée that wée beginne to make any accounte of our commodities if it be so that they haue also y e like in theyr owne countryes they will sodainely abase the same to so lowe a price that our gaine not beyng woorthy our trauaile the same commoditie with lesse cost ready to be had at home from other countries though but for a whyle it causeth vs to gyue ouer our indeuours and as it were by and by to forget the matter whereabout we went before to obteine them at their hands And this is the onely cause wherefore one commodyties are oft so litle estemed Some of them caÌ„ say w tout any teacher that they wil by y e case of a Foxe of an English man for a grote make him afterward giue twelue pence for the tayle Woulde to God wée myght once wexe wyser and eache one indeuour that the common wealth of Englande may flourish againe in hir olde rate and that our coÌ„modities may bée fully wrought at home as cloth if you will for an example and not caryed out to be shorne and dressed abroade whiles our clothworkers here doe sterue and beg their bread for lacke of dayly practise vtterly neglect to be skilfull in thys science But to my purpose We haue in englaÌ„d gret pleÌ„ty of quick Syluer Antimony Sulphur black Lead and Orpiment red and yealow We haue also the finest Alume wherein the diligence of one of the greatest fauourers of the common wealth of England of a subiect hath béene of late egregiously abused euen almost with barbarous inciuility the natural Cinnabarum or Vermilion the Sulphurus glebe called Bitumen in olde tyme vsed for morter and yet burned in lampes where Oyle is scant and geason the Crysocolla Coperous y e Minerall stone wherof Petreolum is made and that which is most straunge the minerall Pearle which as they are for greatnesse and coulour most excellent of all other so are they digged out of the maine land and in sundry places farre distaÌ„t from the shore Of Colemines we haue such plentie in the North. And Westerne partes of our Islande as may suffice for all the Realme of Englande and so must they doe hereafter in déede if woode be not better cherished then it is at this present and to say the truth notwithstanding that very many of them are caryed into other Countryes of the maine yet theyr greatest trade beginneth nowe to growe from the Forge into y e Kitchin and Hall appeare already as maye in most Cities and Townes that lye about the cost where they haue little other fewell except it be turfe and hassocke I marueyle not a little that there is no trade of these into Sussex and Southampton shire for want whereof the Smithes doe worke theyr yron with charre coale I thinke that farre carriage be the only cause which is but a slender excuse to inforce vs to carye them vnto the mayne from thence Beside our coale pittes we haue pyttes in lyke sorte of white plaster and of fâ—…lte and white Marie wherewith in many places the inhabitors doe compest their soile We haue Salte Peter for our ordinaunce and Salt Soda for our glasse and therto in one place a kinde of earth in Sotheâ—…ey as I wéene harde by Codington and sometime in the tenure of one Croxton of London which is so fine to make mouldes for goldsmithes casters of mettal that a lode of it was worth fiue shyllinges thirtie yeares a gone None such againe they say in England But whether there be or not let vs not be vnthankefull to God for these and other his benefites bestowed vpon vs wherby he sheweth hymselfe a louing and mercifull father vnto vs which contrarywyse returne vnto hym in lew of humilitie and obedience nothing but wickednesse auarice méere contempt of hys will and notable ingratitude ¶ Of common or artificiall Salt made in Englande Cap. 17. THere are in Englande certaine welles where Salt is made whereof Lelande hath written aboundantly in his comentaryes of Brytaine and whose words onely I wyll set downe in Englishe as he wrate thâ—… because he séemeth to haue had diligent consideration of the same without adding any thing of my owne vnto hym except it bée where necessitie doth infore me for y e méere aid of the reader in the vnderstanding of his mynd Directing therefore his iourney from Worcester in his peregrination and laborious iourney ouer Englande he saith thus From Worcester I rode to the Wiche by inclosed soyle hauing méetely good Corne grounde sufficient woode and good pasture aboute a sixe myles of Wiche standeth somewhat in a valley or lowe grounde betwixt two small hylles on the left ripe for so he calleth the bancke of euery brooke thorow out all his Englishe treatizes of a pretie ryuer which not farre beneathe the Wiche is called Salope brooke The beautye of the Towne in maner standeth in one streat yet be there many lanes in the Towne besides There is also a meane Church in y e maine streate and once in the wéeke an indifferent rounde markette The Towne of it selfe is somewhat foule and durty when any rayne falleth by reason of much caryage thorowe y e streates which are very yll paued or rather not paued at all The great aduauncement also here is by makyng of Salte and though the commoditye thereof be singuler great yet the Burgesses be poore generally because Gentlemen haue generallye for the most parte gotten the great gaine of it into their handes A coÌ„mon plage in all thinges of any great commodity for one beateth y e bushe but another catcheth y e the birdes as we may sée in Bat-fowling whilest the poore Burgesses yéelde vnto all the labour There are at this present time thrée honored Salters and thrée Salt springs in the Towne of Wiche whereof the principall is within a buâ—…shoote
e true rules of y e Church he liued right chastly shewed hymselfe humble continent applyed his study to reading and trauelled abroade on foote and not on horsebacke through the countreys townes and villages for to preache y e word of God He was the Disciple of Aydan coueted by his example also by the example of his brother Ced to instruct his hearers with the like doings and manors as he had knowen them to do Wilfrid also being consecrated Bishop and returned into England endeuored to plant the orders of the Romane Churche in the Churches of England whereby it came to passe that y e Scots which inhabited amongst the Englishmen were constreyned eyther to followe the same or else to returne into their owne countrey There is little remeÌ„braunce of his doyngs which in that short time were not much notable except yâ—… will ascribe the comming into this land of the Archbishop Theodorus and the Abbot Adrian vnto his glory which chanced in his tyme. For in the yere of y e great eclipse sore mortalitie that ensued it chanced that both K. Ercomberte and the Archbishop Deus dedit departed this life so that the See of Canterbury was voyde a certayne time in so muche that King Egbert that succeeded his father Ercomberte Bed li. 3. cap. 29. togither with King Oswy did sende one Wighart a Priest of good reputation for his excellent knowledge in the Scriptures vnto Rome with great gifts and riche vessell of gold and siluer to be presented vnto the Pope requiring him that he would ordeine the foresayde Wighard Archbishop of Canterbury to haue rule of the English Church Wighart But thâ—…s Wighart comming vnto Rome and declaring his message vnto Vitalianus that then gouerned the Churche of Rome immediately after he dyed of the pestileÌ„ce that then raigned in that citie with all those y t came with him Beda li. 4. cap. 1. The Pope then taking aduice whome hee mighte ordeyne to the See of Canterbury beeing thus destitute of an Archbishop Adrian he appoynted a Monke named Adrian to take that office vpon him but Adrian excused himselfe as not sufficiente for suche a roomth and required the Pope to ordeyne one Andrew a Monke also wherevnto the Pope consented but when Andrew was preuented by death eftsoones Adrian shoulde haue bin made Archbishoppe but that he named one Theodore an other Monke that abode as then in Rome but was borne in the Citie of Tharsus in Cilicia very wel learned both in the Greeke and Latine and being of reuerend yeres as of .76 This Theodore by y e presentmen of Adrian was appointed to be ordeined Archbishop of Canterbury with condition that Adrian should neuerthelesse attend vpon him into England both for y t he had bin twice before thys time in Fraunce and so knew the coastes and againe for that he might assist him in all thyngs and looke well to y e matter that Theodore should not bring into the Church of England any ryte or custome of the Greekes contrary to the vse of the Romane Churche Theodore being first ordeyned subdeacon tarried four monethes till hys heare wer groweÌ„ that he might haue his crowne shauen after the manner of Peter For he was rounded or shauen after the manner of the East Church which was as they perswaded theÌ„selues according to the vse of S. Paule the Apostle Theodore ordeined Archbishop of Canterbury 668 And so at length was this Theodore ordeyned Archbishop of Canterbury by Pope Vitalianus in the yere of our Lord .668 the sixth Kalends of Iune and with Adrian sente into Britaine they tooke their iourney to come through Fraunce and so being come thither shortly after K. Egbert hadde knowledge thereof wherevpon with all conuenient speede hee sente ouer one of his nobles named Redfrid to bring the Archbishop into Englande and so he did but Adrian was stayed for a tyme bycause he was suspected to haue had some commission froÌ„ the Emperour to haue practised with the Englishmen for the disquieting of y e Realme of France But after it was perceiued that thys suspition was grounded of no troth he was also suffered to folow y e Archbishop and so comming vnto Canterbury he was made Abbot of y e Monasterie of S Augustines The Archb. Theodore came thus to his Churche of Canterbury in the seconde yeare after his consecration about the second Kalends of Iune being Sunday He gouerned the same Churche .21 yeres and 16. days and was the first Archbishop to whome all the Churches of Englande did acknowledge their obeysance He being accompanyed with the foresaid Adrian visited all the parts of this land â–ª ordeyned Bishops and Ministers in Churches where he thought conuenient reformed y e same Churches as seemed to him needefull as well in other things which he misliked as also in causing them to obserue the feast of Easter Ran. Cesâ—… Math. VVâ—… according to the ryte and vsage of the Church of Rome Ceadda that was Bishop of Yorke bicause hee was not lawfully ordeyned as he himselfe confessed was remoued from the Sea of Yorke Beda and Wilfrid was thereto restored so that Ceadda though he were not disgraded of his degree of Bishop liued yet a priuate kind of life till he was admitted Bishop of Mercia as after shall be shewed Singing in Churches brougâ—… 〈◊〉 vse And whereas before time there was in manner no singing in the Englishe Churches except it were in Kent now they begaÌ„ in euery Church to vse singing of diuine seruice after the ryte of the Church of Rome The Archbishop Theodore finding the Church of Rochester voyde by the death of y e last Bishop named Damian he ordeyned one Putta a simple man in worldly matters Putta 〈◊〉 of Rochester but well instructed in ecclesiasticall discipline namely well seene in song and musicke to be vsed in y e Church after the manner as he had learned of Pope Erâ—…gories disciples To be briefe The 〈◊〉 prayse of Theodore and Adrian y e Archbishop Theodore and the Abbot Adrian deserued great commendation in this that where they were notably well learned themselues in the Greeke and Latine tongues and also hadde good knowledge as well in the liberall artes as in the Scripture they tooke great paines to train vp Scollers in knowledge of the same so that the Englishmen had not seene more happy times than in those dayes Englishmen happy 〈◊〉 hauing as then kings of great puissaÌ„ce so as strangers stoode in feare of them and againe those that coueted learning had instructors at hand to teach them by reason whereof diuers being giuen to studie prooued excellent both in knowledge of the Greeke and Latine Beda Benedict or Benet serâ—…sed Biscâ—… There came in company of the said Archbishop from Rome an Englishman named Benedict Biscope which had taken vppon him the habite of a Monke in Italy and nowe returning into his countrey builded two Abbeyes
and made warre agaynst the King there who yet in the ende by practise founde meanes to slea the foresayde Guyon and his sonne Gourin so that Rou or Rollo hauing thus lost his father and brother was compelled to forsake the countrey with all those that had holpe his father to make warre agaynst the king And thus dryuen to seeke aduentures at length he became a Christian and was created Duke of Normandie by gift of Charles King of Fraunce surnamed Le Simple whose daughter the Ladie Gilla hee also maried but shee departing this life withoute issue hee maryed Popce daughter to the Earle of Bessin and Bayculx whome hee had kept as his wyfe before hee was baptised and had had by hir a sonne named VVilliam Longue espee and a daughter named Gerlota William Long espee or Longa Spâ—…ta had to wife the Ladie Sporta daughter to Hubert Earle of Senlis by whome he had issue Richard the second of that name duke of Normandy who maryed the Ladie Agnes the daughter of Hugh le Grande Earle of Paris of whome no issue proceeded but after hir deceasse he maryed to his seconde wife a Gentle woman named Gonnor daughter to a knight of the Danishe line by whoÌ„ hee had three sonnes Ye must note that there was one Richarde duke of Normandie before Rollo Richarde that was after Duke of Normandie the third of that name Robert Mauger He had also by hir three daughters Agnes otherwise called Emme maried first to Egelred king of Englande and after to King Cnute Helloye otherwise Alix bestowed vpon Geffrey Earle of Britaigne and Mawde cowpled in mariage with Euldes Earle of Charters and Blais Richard the thirde of that name maried Iudith sister to Geoffray Earle of Brytaigne by whome he had issue three sonnes Richarde Robert and William and as manye daughters Alix maried to Reignault Earle of Burgoyne Alienor maried to Baldwin Earle of Flaunders and the thirde dyed yong beeing affianced to Alfonse King of Nauarre Their mother deceased after she had beene maried tenne yeares and then Duke Richard maried secondly the Ladie Estric sister to Cnute king of Englande and Denmarke from whome hee purchased to be deuorced and then maried a Gentlewoman called Pauie by whom he had issue two sonnes William Earle of Arques and Mauger Archbishop of Rouen Richarde the fourth of that name Duke of Normandie eldest sonne to Richarde the thirde dyed withoute issue and then his brother Robert succeeded in the estate whiche Robert begatte vppon Arlete or Harleuina daughter to a Burgesse of Felais William surnamed the bastard afterwardes Duke of Normandie and by conquest king of England Hitherto haue we continued the Hystorie of this land wherein may appeare the variable chaunges of states by course of times and especially foure notable Conquests as first by the Romans secondly by Saxons thirdly by the Danes and now lastly by the Normans in euerie of which alterations of the state what is chiefly to be considered bycause wee haue partly touched the same in the Proheme we here omit to make any further discourse and so proceede to the second Booke as followeth 1577. THE Historie of Scotlande conteyning the beginning increase proceedings continuance Actes and Gouernemente of the Scottish nation from the originall thereof vnto the yeare 1571. Gathered and written in the English tongue by R. H. AT LONDON ¶ Jmprinted for Iohn Hunne God saue the Queene ¶ The Authours out of whome this Historie of Scotlande hath bene gathered Hector Boece Iohannes Ferrarius Pedemontanus Iohannes Maior Iohannes Fourdon Rogerus Houeden Richardus Southvvell VVilhelmus Paruus siue NeoburgeÌ„sis Albertus Crantz Aeneas Siluius Edward Hall Richard Grafton Iohn Stovv And others ⧠TO THE RIGHT Honorable the Lorde Robert Dudley Earle of Leycester Baron of Denbigh Knight of the most noble order of the Garter Maister of the Queenes Maiesties Horse and one of hir highnesse priuy Counsell IT may seeme right honorable a gret presumptioÌ„ in me to haue taken in hand the collection of this Scottish history and other of diuers regioÌ„s considering so many sufficient men as liue in these dayes far more able to performe the same But where at the motion of a special frend I vndertooke to deale therin Reginald VVolfe more vpoÌ„ trust of his promised ayde than of mine owne abilitie it pleased God to cal him to his mercy before the worke could be fully brought to end but yet to answere the expectatioÌ„ of his frends and trust which he had coÌ„mitted to theÌ„ and me in this behalf I haue done my good will to accoÌ„plish part of that which in his life time was intended although not to my wished desire by reason of such wantes as had bene supplied if he had liued to haue seene it published himself It resteth right noble Earle that it may please your Honor to accept my doinges in good parte to whom I offer this parcell of my trauayles in this Historie of Scotlande in regarde of the honour due to your noble Father for his incomparable valure well knowen and approued aswel within that realme as els where in seruice of two Kings of most famous memory Henry the .viij. and Edward the sixte sounding so greatly to his renowme as the same can not passe in silence whilest any remembraunce of those two most perelesse Princes shall remain in written Histories I therfore most humbly beseeche your honour to beare with my boldenesse in presenting you with so meane a gifte proceeding from one although vnknowen to your Lordshippe yet not without experience of your bountifull goodnesse extended towardes those to whome I recken myself most beholden as what is he within this realme almost of any degree which findeth not himselfe bounden to your Honour either in his owne causes or his frendes for suche is your inclination to pleasure all men as the same may seeme a peculiar vertue planted in your noble harte mouing you so much to delite therin as no time is thought by your Honour better spent than that whiche you employ in doing good to others But least I shoulde enter into so large a discourse as might be framed of this and other your excellent vertues a matter far exceding my simple knowlege I wil cease to speake further thereof sith the same is spread ouer al aswel this as other regions for no where doe want greate numbers of such as haue aboundantly tasted of your exceeding courtesies In making you owner therfore of this abstract of the Scottish histories I most humbly beseech your honour if any thing be amisse to impute the same to the imperfectioÌ„ and defect of better instructions and with your benigne fauourable interpretation to haue me therein excused Suche as it is I addresse it to your good Lordship with so dutiful a mind as may be imagined beseeching God to preserue your honor in long life with plentiful increase of wisedome vertue al wishful prosperitie Your honours most humble to commaunde RAPHAEL HOLINSHED THE
were vsed in those dayes he was highly rewarded at the kings handes and euer after named Skrimgeour Skrimgeour that is to meane an hardie fighter He had also his armes encreased with a rampaunt Lion holding a crooked sword as is to be seene in the armes of his posteritie vnto this day Other there be that say he got the surname of Skrimgeour bycause he slue an English man in a singular combate The principall of this surname in our time helde the Constableship of Dundee bearing in hys armes a crooked Sworde in fashion of an hooke After that king Alexander had appeased the intestine commotions thus within his Realme The Abbey of Scone he set in hande to repayre the Abbey of Scone wherein he placed regular Chanons dedicating the Church in the honour of the Trinitie and Saint Michael Not long after this also he chaunced to come into Saint Colmes Inche Saint Colmes ynche where he was constrayned to abide three dayes togither through violent rage of weather and tempestes and bycause he founde some reliefe of meate and drinke by meanes of an hermit that dwelled within the same Inche and kept a Chappell there dedicate to Saint Colme he made of that Chappell an Abbey of regular Chanons The Abbey of Saint Colm◅ ynch builded in the honor of saint Colme endowing it with sundrie landes and tents for the maintenance of the Abbot and conuent of that house He also gaue vnto the Church of Saint Androwes the landes called the Boarrinke Landes named the Boarrink so named for that a great Boare was slain vpon the sayde grounde that had done much hurt in the Countrey thereabout Boare tuskes The tuskes of this Boare doe hang in Chaynes vppon the stalles of the Quier in Saint Androwes Church afore the high aulter and are a .xvj. ynches in length and foure ynches in thicknesse Moreouer the Abbey of Dunfirmling was finished by king Alexāder The Abbey of Dunfirmling and endowed with sundrie landes and possessions Whilest king Alexander was thus occupied in buylding and repayring of religious houses Dauid brother to king Alexander his brother Dauid liued in Englande with hys sister Queene Maulde and through fauor which the king hir husbande bare towardes him he obteyned in maryage one Maulde Woldosius Earle of Northumberland Huntingtō daughter vnto Woldosius or rather Waltheof Earle of Huntington and Northumberland begot of his wife the ladie Iudith that was neece vnto king William y e Conquerour for y t the sayd Woldosius or Waltheof had no other issue to inherite his lands Dauid in right of his wife Mauld enioyed the same The landes of Huntington and Northumberland annexed to the crowne of Scotland and was made Earle of Huntington Northumberland had issue by his wife a sonne named Henrie by whom the lands of Huntington some part of Northūberland were annexed vnto the crown of Scotlād as after shal appeare Mauld the daughter of king Henrie Beauclerke was maried vnto Henrie the Emperor the fourth of that name William Richard Eufeme the residue of y e issue which the same Henry had by his wife surnamed for hir singular bounteousnesse the good Queene Matilde in comming forth of France to repasse into England perished in the sea by a tempest to the great dolour of the king their father and to all other his subiects of eche estate and degree The death of king Alexander Their mother the sayde Maulde was before that time departed out of this life It was not long after but that Alexander deceassed also and was buryed in Dunfermling bysydes hys fathers sepulture in the .xvij. yeare of his raigne complete and from the incarnation of Christ 1125. 1124. H.B. yeares In the dayes of this king Alexander the kynred of the Cummings The beginning of the Cummings had their beginning by one Iohn Cumming a man of great prowes and valiancie obteyning of the king in respect thereof certaine small portions of landes in Scotlande The house of these Cummings rose in proces of time thus from a small beginning to highe honour and puissance by reason of the great possessions and ample reuenues which they afterwardes atteyned At length as often happeneth the importable height of this lynage was the onely cause of the decay and finall ruine thereof as in the sequell of this Hystorie ye may at full perceyue Knightes of the Rodes Also in the dayes of king Alexander the order of knights of the Rodes had their beginning and likewise the order of white Monkes White Monks the authour whereof was one Nodobert Richard de sancto Victore About the same time liued that holye man Richard de Sancto Victore a Scottish man borne but dwelling for the more part of his time at Paris in Fraunce where he dyed and was buryed within the Cloyster of the Abbey of Saint Victor being a brother of the same house This Dauid according to the ensample of his noble Parents set his whole care about the due ministring of Iustice to the honour of almightie God and the weale of his realme He had no trouble by warres with any forraine enimies so long as king Henrie Beauclerke liued Therefore hauing oportunitie of such a quiet time he rode about all the parties of his realme and vsed to sit in hearing of iudgement himselfe specially cōcerning poore mens causes and matters The care of king Dauid for the poore but the controuersies of the Lordes and barrons he referred to the hearing of other Iudges If he vnderstoode that any man were endomaged by any wrongful iudgement he recōpensed the partie wronged A rightuous iudge according to the value of his losse hinderance with the goods of the iudge that pronounced the iudgement Thus in the first yeares of his raigne hee did many things to the aduauncement of the common welth Banketting cheare banished and banished such banketting cheare as was vsed amongst his people after the ensample of the Englishe men perceyuing the same to breede a great weakning and decay of the auncient stoutnesse of stomacke that was wont to remaine in the Scottish nation He buylded the number of .xv. Abbeyes King Dauid built .xv. Abbeyes part of them in the beginning of his raigne before the warres were begon which he had with the Englishe men and part after the same warres were ended The names of those Abbeyes are as followeth Holy Roode house Kelso Iedburgh The names of the Abbeys buylded by king Dauid Melrosse Newbottell Holmecultrane Dundranane Cambuskenneth Kynlois Dunfirmling Holme in Cumberland also two Nunries the one at Carleil the other at north Barwike with two Abbays beside Newcastel y e one of S. Benedicts order and the other of white Monks He erected also foure Bishoprikes within his Realme Rosse Brechin Dunkeld Foure Bishops seas erected in Scotland and Dublane endowing them with riche rentes fayre landes and sundrie
Moneth of May sir Iohn Borthwike commonlye called Capitayne Borthwike suspected defamed and accused of heresie Captain Borthwike accused of heresie was sommoned to appeare in Saint Andrewes before the Cardinall and diuerse other Bishops and Prelates there present where notwithstanding his absence the same being proued by sufficient witnesse agaynst him as was thought hee was conuict and declared an heretike An ymage was made to resemble him and at the Market crosse of the sayd Citie as a signe and a memoriall of his condemnation it was burned to the feare and example of other but he himselfe escaped their handes and got into Englande where he was receyued This yeare the King of England aduertised of the meeting of the Emperor the French King 1541 The king of Englande sendeth to the K. of Scottes and Pope at the Citie of Nice doubting some practice to be deuised there agaynst him sent to the king of Scotland the L. William Howard desiring him as his most tender kinsman and nephew to meete him at the citie of Yorke in Englande where he would communicate such things with him as shoulde be for the weale of both the realmes and therewith the King of Englande trusting that the king of Scotlande would haue fulfilled his desire caused great preparation to be made at Yorke for the receyuing of him But albeit the king of Scotlande was willing of himselfe to haue passed into Englande to haue met and seene his Vncle yet after long reasoning and deliberation of his Counsaile and Prelates assembled for that purpose casting in their mindes as they tooke it what daunger might fall to him and his realme if he should passe into Englande in case he should be stayed and holden there contrarie to his will as king Iames his predecessor was hauing no succession of his bodie and againe for that it was certainly knowne that the principall cause why the King of Englande required this meeting or enteruiew was to perswade the king of Scotlande to vse the like order in Scotlande as he had done within his realme of England in abolishing the Popes authoritie making himselfe supreme heade of the Churche expulsing religious persons oute of their houses and seasing the iewels of their houses their lands and rentes with such like information and if it chaunced their king should attempt the like they thought he should lose the friendship which was betwixt him the Pope the Emperor and French king that were his great friendes and confederates Herevpon they perswaded him to stay and by their aduise sent pleasant letters and messages vnto the sayd king of Englande desiring him to haue him excused for that he could not come into Englande at that time hauing such lettes and causes of abyding at home as shortly he shoulde vnderstande by his Ambassadors which he went to sende to him as well for this matter as other causes 〈◊〉 Iames Leyrmouth ambassador 〈◊〉 England And shortly after sir Iames Leyrmouth was appoynted to go as Ambassador into England as well to make the kings excuse for his not comming to meet the king of England at York as also to make complaint vpon certaine â—…sions made by the borderers of Englande into Scotland and also for the vsing of the debatable ground betwixt the two Realmes 1542 The King of England mesâ—… make â—…e into Scotland But the king of England sore offended that the king of Scotlande woulde not satisfie his request to meete him at Yorke as before is recited would admitte no excuse but determined to make warre into Scotland albeit as the Scottishmen alledge hee would not suffer the same to be vnderstood till he had prepared all things in a readinesse and in the meane time sent Commissioners to meete with the Scots coÌ„missioners vpon the debatable grouÌ„d to talk for redresse to be made of harmes done vpon the borders but no good conclusion coulde be agreed vpon by these commissioners neither touching the debatable land nor yet for reparing of wrongs done by inuasions But that the truth concerning the causes of this warre moued at this present by that noble Prince king Henrie the .viij. may the better appeare I haue thought good here to set downe the same as they were drawne forth and published in print to the whole worlde by the sayde king in a little Phamplet vnder this title A declaration conteyuing the iust causes and considerations of this present warre with the Scots wherein also appeareth the true and right title that the kings most royal Maiestie hath to his soueraintie of ScotlaÌ„d and thus it beginneth A declaration 〈◊〉 iust caused the war 〈◊〉 the 〈◊〉 of Scots BEing now enforced to the warre which wee haue alwayes hitherto so much abhorred and fled by our neighbor nephew the king of Scots one who aboue al other for our manifold benefits towarde him hath most iust cause to loue vs to honor vs and to reioice in our quietnesse we haue thought good to notifie vnto the worlde his doings and behauior in the prouocatioÌ„ of this war and likewise the meanes and wayes by vs to eschew and auoyd it and the iust and true occasions whereby we be now prouoked to prosecute the same and by vtteraÌ„ce and demulging of that matter to disburden some part of our inwarde displeasure and griefe and the circumstaunces knowne to lament openly with the worlde the infidelitie of this time in which things of suche enormitie do brust out and appeare The king of Scottes our nephew and neighbour whom wee in his youth and tender age preserued and mainteyned from the great daunger of other and by our authoritie and power conducted him safely to the royall possession of his estate he now compelleth and â—…th vs for preseruation of 〈◊〉 honour and 〈◊〉 to vse our puissaunce and power agaynst him The lyke â—…sse hath 〈◊〉 〈…〉 by other in â—…able cases agaynst Gods lawe mans lawe and all humanitie but the 〈◊〉 it chaunceth the more it iâ—… to be abhoured and yet in the persons of Princes for the raritie of them can so happen but seldome as it hath now come to passe It hath bene verie rarely and seldome seene before that a king of Scottes both had in maryage a daughter of Englande We cannot â—…e will not reprehende the king our fathers acte therein but lament and hee sorie it tooke no better effect The king our father in that matter mynded loue amitie and perpetual friendship betweene the posteritie of hath which how soone it fayled the death of the King of Scottes as a due punishment of God for his vniust inuasion into this our Realme is and shal be a perpetuall testimonie of theyr reproch for euer and yet in that present time coulde not the vnkindnesse of the father extinguish in vs the naturall loue of our nephew his sonne being then in the miserable age of tender youth but we theÌ„ forgetting the displeasure that should haue worthily prouoked vs to inuade that realm nourished and brought
in Boeme 206 line 10 Culene proclaymed Prince of Cumberland 206.28 Culene crovvned King of Scotland 210.68 Culene maketh a solemne vovve to reuenge the murther of King Duffe 209.29 Culene giuen ouer to follovv sensuall lusts 210.78 Culenes auntiente Counselloures forsake the Courte 211.15 Culenes abhominable lecherie passeth the boundes of reason 211. 28 Culene falleth into a filthye disease 211.66 Culene murthered 211.80 Cumberland and VVestmerlande deliuered to the Scottes 195.51 Cumberland assigned to remayne alvvayes to the heyre apparant of Scotland 201.61 Cumberland and VVestmerlande to doe homage to the Kyng of England 203.58 Cumeyn Iohn Earle of Buchquhane sent vvith an army against Gilespy and hys confederates 284. 99 Cumein Iohn Earle of Angus departeth this life 286.22 Culdei vvhy so called in the auntient Scottish tong 83.15 Cumeyn Patricke Earle of Atholl murthered 286.28 Cumeyns and others putte to the horne 287.116 Cumem VValter Earle of Menteth chiefe of that family poysoned 288.33 Cumeine Alexander sente vvith an army into Englande to ayde King Henry against his Barons 294. 43 Cumeine Iohn Lord of Stragoby svvorne liege man to King Edvvard 301.116 Cumein Iohn entreth into Northumberlande vvyth an armye 302. 90 Cumeine Iohn elected gouernour of Scotland 306.59 Cumeine Iohn discomfited by K. Robert at Enueriour 313.102 Cumeine slayne 310.96 Cumeine bevvrayeth the conspiracie to King Edvvard 309.78 Cumeine and Bruce conspire against King Edvvard 309.45 Cumeins letters to King Edvvard intercepted 310.61 Cumein Dauid left Gouernour of Scotland for the Balliol 340.63 Cumeine Dauid slaine in the field 342. 88 Cumein Thomas beheaded 342. line 93 Cumyns and their armye vanquished and slayne 343.10 Custome of setting the sicke and diseased in the streetes 18.56 Custome of Scottes to burne dead bodyes 38.51 Custome of Scottishe souldioures in prouiding themselues of vittayle 196.34 Cutha Cenlines sonne slayne 140. line 45 D. DAcres Lorde VVarden of VVest Marches of England 433.37 Daysie concubine to King Iames the third Dalkeith Castell 458.31 Danes and Norvvegians come to aide the Scottes and Picts 53.38 Danes arriue in Scotland 188.3 Danes apparrell and vveapons 188. 95 Danes ioyne in battayle vvith the Scottes 189.9 Danes vanquished and putte to flight 189.15 Danes giue the onset vppon the Scottes 190.42 Danes put the Scottes to flighte 190. 51 Danes baptised remayne in England 200.19 Danes discomfited by the Englishmen 201.35 Danes and Scottes enter into the English confines 201.67 Danes putte to flighte by the Englishmen 203.15 Danes passe ouer into Irelande 203. 23 Danes procure aide out of Norvvay againste the Englishmen 204. 74 Danes vanquished and chased by the Englishmē Scots 204.104 Danes vanquished and slayne by the Scottes 205 Danes arriue vvith a great armye at Brayes or Read head in Angus 214.61 Danes put to flight by the Scottes and chased 216.62 Danes conclude peace vvith the Englishmen vppon conditions 222. 114 Danes putte the Englishmenne to flight 228.72 Danes appointed to lie in euerye English housholders house 229. line 62 Danish Lieutenāts arriue in Scotlande vvith a nevve supplye of men 230.42 Danes slay the Scottishe Herraldes 230.73 Danes put the Scottes to flighte 231. 60 Danes breake theyr promised faith 232.1 Danes sende for their vviues and children into Denmarke and Norvvay 232.16 Danes and Scottes one afraide of another 232.30 Danes arriue vvyth an armye at Redbrayes in Scotlande 233.66 Danes vvith Camus their Captain ouerthrovven and slaine by the Scottes 234.79 Danes slayne at Abirlemnō 235.8 Danes bones yet to be seene 235. 28. .235 71 Danes slayne that came to sacke Buchquhane 235.67 Danes foyled in fighte by the Scottes 236.56 Danes and Scottes conclude a peace 236.67 Danes ouerthrovv the Scottes at Culros 242.15 Danes ouercome vvyth drinke fall asleepe 242.70 Danes slayne vvithout resistance 242. 86 Danes arriue at Kingcorne vvyth a nevv povver 243.15 Danes vanquished and chased by Makbeth and Banquho 243. line 22 Danes buried at Sainte Colmes Inch. 243.29 Danes and Scottes conclude a peace 242.33 Danish fleete brent 56.29 Dansvvinton Castell 473.44 Danishe nobilitie flee into Bervvike 193.18 Danes in Bervvike deliuered to the Scottes and slaine 193.25 Danes put to flighte and chased 193. 69 Dardan made K. of Scottes 45.62 Dardan falleth into all kynde of vices 46.11 Dardan beheaded 46.35 Darcy Arthure Knighte sente to the borders 441.82 Dury George made Abbotte of Dunfermeling 445.82 Darcie Anthony a French knighte commeth into Scotland to seeke feares of armes 413.89 Dauid brother to King Alexander marrieth Maude daughter to VVoldofius or VValtheof Earle of Huntington and Northumberland 262 10◅ Dauid made Earle of Huntington and Northumberland 262. line 108 Dauid the firste created Kyng of Scotland 263.50 Dauids too muche liberalitie to the Church reproued 264.40 Dauid a sore 8. for the Crovvne 264. 64 Dauid inuadeth Northumberland vvith an army 266.5 Dauid falleth sicke 267.106 Dauid dyeth 268.4 Dauids life an example of godlye liuing 268.36 Dauid Earle of Huntington appointed gouernour of Scotland 274. 66 Dauid Earle of Huntington goeth foorthe vvith King Richard of Englād tovvard the holy land 278. 29 Dauid driuen by a tempest to the coastes of Aegypt and there taken prisoner 278.78 Dauids daungerous aduentures in his returning home 278.84 Dauid buildeth a Church in honor of the virgin Mary 278.110 Dauid Erle of Huntington dyeth 283. 67 Dauid seconde sonne to Alexander the thirde dieth 2◅5 41 Dauid the second crovvned king of Scotland 330.45 Dauid and hys vvife flee into Fraunce 334.73 Dauid entreth into Englād vvith a mightie army 350.24 Dauids dreame concerning Sainte Curbertslands 350.69 Dauid taken prisoner and his army vanquished 351.32 Dauid and his vvife returne into Scotland 348.8 Dauid inuadeth Northumberland vvith an army 348.83 Dauid sundrye tymes inuadeth the frontiers of Englande 349.7 24. 37 Dauid refuseth Englishmens large offers for peace 349.53 Dauid ransomed departeth home into Scotland 354.48 Dauid marrieth Margaret daughter to Sir Iohn Logy Knyghte 355. 14 Dauids Tovver in Edenburgh builded 355.39 Dauid dyeth 355.45 Dauid eldest sonne to Robert the thirde created Duke of Rothsay 366.1 Dauid Duke of Rothsay furnished to death 368.53 Davvkith Castell vvonne by the Englishmen 474.31 Death of Roberte Corncorse Byshoppe of Rosse 464.49 Deathe of VVilliam Stevvarde Byshoppe of Aberden 464.53 Deathe is a due debte that must needes be payde 267 2◅ Death seene dauncing 2◅7 83 Devve vppon Iames the fourths tente of bloudy coulour 421.28 Deuise to drovvne the Castell of Lochleuin 340.1 Dearth and great death in Scotland 387. ◅ Dearthe through Englande and Scotlande 347.50 Dearthe of corne in Scotlande 279. 67 Dearth in Scotlande for vvant of tillage 314.20 Dearth and greate death in Scotland 345.39 Dearth in England and Scotland 289. 20 Declaration of the iust causes of the vvarre moued by K. Henry the eyght of England against King Iames the fifth of Scotland 447.37 Desperate practise of inhabitants of the I le to drovvne the Romane shippes 54.5 Deglaston in Britaine 140.103 Dead to bee buried according to their substance 181.103 Desse Monsieur
79.53 Pictishe Gentlemen steale one of the King of Scots Greyhounds â—…0 12 Picts earnest sute to haue the scots enpulsed Britaine 90.81 Picts quarrell vvith Maximus for executing certayne robbers of their nation 92.38 Picts discomfited by the Scots and Irishmen 92.56 Picts repine to obey the Romaine lavves 93.43 Pictes are forbidden to create a King 93.68 Pictes become tributaries to the Romaines 93.102 Pictes commaunded to dvvell beyond the vvater of Forth 94.11 Picts send into forraine Countries to call home the Scots 95.9 Picts stande in feare of Constantinus King of Britaine 111.96 Picts conspire treason against CoÌ„stantinus King of Britaine 111. line 105 Pictes certaine of them vvinne the Britaines camp 113.15 Picts send to the Scots for ayde against the Saxons 113.104 Pictes vanquished by the Saxons 113. 115 Pictes eftsoones solicitie the Scots for aide 114.15 Picts fail at variance among themselues 173.18 Picts solicitie both Scots and Saxons to make vvarre vppon the Britaines 133.40 Picts infected vvith Pelagius heresie 137.6 Pictes and Saxons enter vvith an armye into the lands of the Britaines 140.30 Pictes and Saxons discomfited and chased by the Britaines and Scots 141 Picts fall togither by the eares for the spoyle of Northumberland 251. 88 Picts take an othe to destroy all the Scottish race 172.89 Pictes vanquished and slayne in a greate battayle by the Scottes 174. 93 Picts sue to the Scottes for peace 175. 16 Picts putte to flight and slayne by the Scots 176.46 Picts vtterly destroyed 177.71 Pictes ouercome the Scottes by vvonderfull policie 172.25 Picts anoy the Scots at the siege of Camelon 178.65 Pictes remainder vvhere they became vvhich escaped froÌ„ theyr Countreis destruction 180.66 Picts flee from the Englishmen into Norvvay and Denmarke 186. 35 Pictland parted among the Conqueroures 177.77 Pictimia 154.99 Pies and baked meates seldome vsed in Scotland 380.102 Pigges vvith heades like dogges 385. 75 Pizoni Gaspar an Italian Captain slaine 478.92 Placidus Lieutenant of Britaine 98. 100 Placidus his army ouerthrovveÌ„ by Scots and Pictes 99.25 Placidus escapeth and fleeth to Yorke 99.16 Placidus concludeth a peace vvith the Scots and Picts 99. â—â— Placidus dyeth 100.36 Planctius looke Aulus Planctius Pledges deliuered betvveene the Gouernour of Scotland and the Earle of Lennox the nobles of his side 460.82 Plinius cited 21.38 Ploughes not able to bee put into the ground for the frost tyll the middle of March 279.116 Policie of Scots to anoy the Saxons 116.35 Policie of the Picts to escape from the Saxons 117.27 Policie of the Pictes to discourage the Britaines in the battell 134. line 33 Policie of the Scottes to daunt the Irishmen 196.45 Policie of King Edvvard to vvin Barvvike 300.97 Policie of VVilliam VVallace to relieue the Scottish peoples laâ—…ke in time of dearth 304. â—â— Policie of the Scottes to entrappe the Englishmen 316.17 Policie of VVilliam Dovvglas to vvinne Edenburgh Castell 347. line 74 Policie of the Scottish heardes to affrighte the Englishmens Horses 397.48 Pomonia chiefest of the Iles of Oâ—…kney 17.12 Pontus in Irelande surrendred to the Scottes 197.34 Poole Richarde a man of greate parentage borne in Englande and banished the Realme 433. line 108 Pope Celestinus sendeth Paladius into Scotland 108.16 Popes Ambassadours not regarded in England 339.34 Portingale a corrupted name of Port Gathele 2.13 Pouertie of Scotland 214.68 Praise of Scottish dogges 80.6 Prelates ordeyned in ReligioÌ„ 21.7 Preston in Anderneis brente by the Scots 324.11 Presumptions demeanoure of the Scottish nobilitie to their king 403. 77 Preaching againste Images and frutelesse Ceremonies in scotland 458.63 Priests liuing appoynted of the sacrifice 13.9 Priestes to attende their vocation only 187.8 Priests fined for not doing theyr thieues 187.14 Priests example from tribute and all manner exactions 192.15 Priestes not to bee constreyned to goe vnto vvarres 192.16 Priestes not to come before anye temporall Iudge but only theyr Bishops and Ordinaries 192.17 Princes of Albion coÌ„spire against Osrike and Eufrede 146 Prisoners sente home out of England into Scotlande and also out of Scotland into Englande 458.5.458 34 Prisoners sette at libertie by the Gouernour of Scotland 461.96 Prisoners Scottes and Frenchmen taken by the Englishmen 464 line 90 Prisoners taken in the Castell of S. Andrevves put into the French Galleis 467.23 Priuiledges graunted to Makduffe and his posteritie 252.58 Priuiledge for the Scottish Kings to be annoynted 260.110 Priuiledges graunted to the Vniuersitie of S. Andrevves 380.25 Prophecie that Scots shoulde destroy the Picts 6.107.8 65 Prophecie of Colman against king Ferquhard the second 148.19 Prophecie of three vvomen vnto Makbeth and Banquho 243.54 Prosperitie the mother of contention 5.23 Prosperitie changeth conditions 63. 42 Protestants in Scotlande espie the craftte iugling of Dauid BeatoÌ„ Cardinall and Archbishoppe of Saint Andrevves 457.50 they set the Earle of Arrane againste the Cardinall 457.58 Prouision for Shippes in euerye Hauen tovvne 409.78 Prouision for good literature 408 line 89 Prouost of Edenburgh sent to the Earle of Hertford to vnderstaÌ„d the cause of comming into scotland 461.43 Ptolomeus Metellus seconde son 5. 9 Q. QVarrell of Iames the fourth for the battayle foughte at Floddon 420.70 Queene Margaret vvife to Malcolme dyeth 259.4 Queenes ferrie 254.13 Queene Spontana slaine in hir bed in sted of hir husband 153.26 Queene mother to Iames the fifth departeth this life 445.59 Queene Dovvager fleeth vvyth hir tvvo sonnes into Irelande 131. 201 Queene Dovvager dyeth in Irelande 132.1 Queene Guaynore vvife to Arthure vvith many moe Britishe Ladyes taken prisoner 134.75 Queene Guaynore deteyned perpetuall prisoner in the Castell of Dunbar in Angus 135.15 Queene Dovvager married to Iames Stevvard 386.80 Queene Dovvager and hir husband imprisoned and releassed 386. 84 Queene Dovvager dyeth 388.61 Quene mother called Dovvager and Mary the yong Queene of Scotland hir daughter restreyned of their libertie by commaundement of the Gouernour and kept in Lithgovv 458.71 Quhitelline or VVhiteline slayne 141. 95 Quhitteme first instituted 94.113 Quâ—…eie Roger Earle of VVenchester made Connestable of Scotland 285 9â—… R. RAineth frogges 56 4â—… Rayneth birds â—…1 â—…03 Rayneth bloud 108 Rayneth bloud 152.26 Raineth adders and snakes 186.77 Raineth stones 222.15 Rainolde Captayne of the Norvvegians 204.79 Raisers of the people to lease life goodes lands and the people raysed to leese the same 246.16 Ramsie Alexander inuadeth England vvith an army 346.17 Ramsie Alexander imprisoned by VVilliam Dovvglas dieth there in great miserie 348.41 Randall Thomas chosen Gouernoure of Scotlande during the minoritie of King Dauid the second 330.53 Randall Thomas poysoned by a Monke 332.11 Randall Thomas Gouernoure dieth 332.77 Rashe bushe keepeth the Covve 305. 77 Rasin generall of all the Danes in England 194.4 Rasin slayne 194.12 Ratcliffe Roger esquier sent Ambassadour into Scotland 436.53 Rauishers of Maidens to dye for the offence 18â—… 20 Redde head a point of land in Angus 224 6â—… Rebellion of Britaines appeased 4â—… 74 Rebellion of the people agaynste Natholocus the King 75.20 Rebellion in Kent 88.57 RebellioÌ„ moued
MouÌ„ster and had taken a ring from the Image of S. Patrike which the Erle of Desmond had offred and giuen it to his lemman Many other crymes were layd to him by the sayd Bishop of Lismore and Waterford which he exhibited in writing Also in the same Parliament there rose coÌ„tention betwixt Adam Pain bishop of Clone an other prelate whose church he would haue annexed vnto his see At length after the Parliament had continued for the space of xviij days it brake vp Herewith came newes of y e slaughter of the Lord Tho. of LaÌ„caster duke of Clarence y t had bin L. The Duke of Clarence slaine in Fraunce lieutenant of Ireland vpoÌ„ the .vij. of May certaine of the Erle of Ormondes men were ouerthrown by the Irish nere to the Abbey of Leys xxvij Englishmen were slain there of whom the chief were two geÌ„tlemeÌ„ the one named Purcel the other Grant Also .x. were takeÌ„ prisoners and two C. escaped to the foresayde Abbey so sauing themselues About the same time Mac Mahun Mac Mahun an Irish lord did much hurt within the couÌ„try of Vrgile by burning and wasting all afore him Also vpon the morrow after Midsommer day the Erle of Ormond Lord lieutenant entred into the Countrey about Leys vpon Omordris for the space of foure dayes togither did muche hurt in sleaing and spoyling the people till the Irish were glad to sue for peace ¶ Henrie the sixt LIeutenants to Henrie the sixt ouer the realme of Irelande were these Edmonde Earle of March and Iames Erle of Ormond his deputy Iohn Sutton Lord Dudley sir Tho. Strange knight his deputie Sir Thomas Stanley and sir Christofer Plunket his deputie Henry Marleâ—… Thys sir Thomas Stanley on Michaelmasse day Here endeth Marleburgh and all that foloweth is taken out of Campion in the twelfth yeare of King Henrye the sixth wyth all the Knightes of Methe and Irrell fought agaynste the Irishe slue a greate number and tooke Neill Odonell prisoner Lion Lord Welles the Earle of Ormonde his deputie Iames Earle of Ormonde by hym selfe Iohn Erle of Shrewesburie and the Archbishop of Dublin Lorde Iustice in his absence Richard Plantagenet Duke of Yorke father to King Edwarde the fourth and Earle of Vlster had the office of Lieutenaunte by the Kings letters patents during the tearme of tenne yeeres who appoynted to rule vnder him as his deputies at sundry times the Baron of Deluin Richarde Fitz Eustace Knight Iames Earle of OrmoÌ„d and Thomas Fitz Morice Erle of Kildare To this Richard Duke of Yorke and Vlster then resident in Dublin Campion out of the Records of Christs Church George Duke of Clarence borne at Dublin Iacke Cade was borne within the Castell there his secoÌ„d sonne the Lord George that was after Duke of Clarence his Godfathers at the fontestone were the Erles of Ormond and Dismonde Whether the commotion of Iacke Cade an Irishman borne naming himself Mortimer and so pretending cosinage to diuers noble houses in this land proceeded from some intelligeÌ„ce with the Dukes friends here in Ireland it is vncertayne but surely the Duke was vehemently suspected and immediately after began the troubles whiche through him were reysed Whyche broyles being couched for a time the Duke helde himselfe in Ireland being lately by Parliamente ordeyned protector of the Realme of Englande he left his agent in the Court his brother y e Erle of Salisburie Lord Chancellor to whom he declared the troth of the troubles then towarde in Ireland which letter exemplyfyed by Sir Henry Sidney Lorde Deputie a greate searcher and preseruer of antiquities as it came to Campions hands and by hym set downe we haue thoughte good likewise to present it here to your viewe To the right worshipfull and with all mine hart intierly beloued brother the Earle of Salisburie The copie of a letter RIght Worshipfull and with all my harte intierly beloued brother I recommende me vnto you as hartily as I can And like it you to witte sith I wrote last vnto the King our Soueraigne Lorde his highnesse the Irish enemie y t is to say Magoghigam and with him three or foure Irishe Captaynes associate with a greate felowship of English Rebells notwithstandyng that they were within the King our Soueraygne Lord his peace of greate malice and againste all truth haue maligned against their legiance and vengeably haue brent a great towne of myne inheritance in Meth called Ramore and other villages thereaboutes and murthered and breÌ„t both men womeÌ„ and children withouten mercy the whiche enimies be yet assembled in Woods and fortes aweighting to do the hurt and greeuance to the Kings subiects that they can thinke or imagine For whiche cause I write at this tyme vnto the Kings highnesse and beseeche his good Grace for to hasten my payment for this lande â—â—rding vnto his letters of warrant nowe late directed vnto the Treasorer of Englande to the intente I may wage men in sufficiente number for to resist the malice of the same enimies and punish them in such wise that other which wolde do the same for lacke of resistance in time maye take example For doubtlesse but if my paymente be had in all hast for to haue men of warre in defence and safegard of this land my power caÌ„not stretch to keepe it in the â—…ings obeysance and very necessitie will compell me to come into England to liue there vpon my poore liuelyhood for I had leuer be dead than any inconuenience â—â—oulde fall therevnto in my default for it shall neuer bee chronicled nor remayne in Scripture by y e grace of God that Ireland was lost by my negligeÌ„ce And therefore I beseeche you right Worshipfull brother that you will holde to your handes instantly that my paymente may bee had at thys time in eschewing all inconueniences For I haue example in other places more pitie it is for to dread shame and for to acquit my troth vnto the Kings highnesse as my duetie is And thys I pray and exhort you good brother to shewe vnto his good grace and that you will be so good that this language may bee enacted at this presente ParliameÌ„t for mine excuse in time to come Roger Roe and that you will be good to my seruant Roger Roe the bearer of these and to my other seruaunts in such things as they shall pursew vnto the kings highnesse and to giue full faith and credence vnto the report of the said Roger touching the sayde matters Right worshipful and with all my hart intierly beloued brother our blessed Lorde God preserue and keepe you in all honor prosperous estate and felicitie and graunte you righte good life long WritteÌ„ at Dublin y e .15 day of Iune Your faithfull true brother Richarde Yorke Of suche power was Magoghigam in those dayes who as he wan and kept it by the sworde Magoghigam his power so nowe his successors in that state liue but as meane
fiue and tooke a great number of them euen as he coulde haue wished The King aduertised hereof hasted the faster forwarde and comming into those partyes as he passed by an Abbey of the Cisteaux order of whiche house the Monke was that had betrayed the Englishe men of Mountgomerie hee burned a graunge that belonged to the same Abbay and further spoyling the same Abbay it selfe he had set it on a light fire also if the Abbot thereof had not redeemed it with the summe of three huÌ„dred marks of siluer After this Mawdâ—… repayred he caused Mawdes Castell to bee repayred and fortified which the Welch men in tymes past had ouerthrowne and when the work was finished hee left there a strong garnison of souldiers to kepe back the Welch men from making their accustomed incursions Whilest the king was thus occupied in Wales there was some businesse in Fraunce Mat. Pâ—… for in the Moneth of Iune the French king with an armie came to inuade the Countrey of Britain Henry fâ—… Brytainâ—… 〈◊〉 erle of Câ—… distresseâ—… French â—… cariages but Erle Henrie with the Erle of Chester and the other English Captains found meanes to take destroy all the cariages and wagons which came with vitailes and other prouision to serue the French armie Thus when the French men perceyued they coulde not haue their purpose by mediation of the Archbishop of Reismes and the Erle of Bollongne on the Frenche part and by consent of the Erles of Brytain and Chester on the English part â—…ce taker a peace was coÌ„cluded or rather a truce to endure for three yeres betwixt the two kings of Englande and Fraunce This agreement was made the fifth day of Iuly and then the Earles of Brytayne and Chester wyth Richarde Marshall came ouer into Englande and rode to the king whom they founde at Mawdes Castell where he remayned tyll the worke was finished and then in the Moneth of October returned into Englande â—…n Reg. 16. 1232 â—… Paris In this meane time no small grudge arose among the people by reason that their Churches were occupied by incumbents that were straungers promoted by the Popes and their Legates who neyther instructed the people nor could well speake any more English than that which serued for the collection of their tythes insomuche that for y e insolencie of such Incumbentes as well the Noble menne and those of good reputation as other of the meaner sorte by an vndescreete presumption attempted a disorderly redresse â—…orderly 〈◊〉 presumpâ—… attempt confederating themselues togyther and taking vpon them to wryte and direct theyr letters vnto Bishops and Chapters commaunding them by way of inhibition not to seeme to interrupt those that should seaze vpon the beneficed straungers or vppon theyr reuenues They also tooke vpon them to wryte vnto suche Religious men and others whiche were fermours vnto any of those straungers forbydding them to stande accountable vnto the sayde straungers but to reteyne the rentes and profites in theyr handes to aunswere the same vnto such as they shoulde appoynt for the recept thereof The superscription of theyr letters was this 〈◊〉 superâ—…tion of â—…rs Tali Episcopo tali Capitulo vniuersitas eorum qui magis volunt mori quam à Romanis confundi Salutem That is to say To such a Bishop and Chapter all those which had rather to die than bee confounded by the Romaines send greeting In the seale wherwith the sayde letters were sealed were two swordes engrauen This matter went so farre forth that there were sundrie persons armed and disguised lyke Mummers whiche enterprysed not onelye to take dyuerse of those straungers that were beneficed men â—…king â—…shers but also came to theyr Barnes threshed vp theyr grayne and eyther made sale thereof or gaue it awaye for God hys sake shewing such couÌ„terfeyted letters vnder the kings seale which they had procured for theyr warrant as they did pretende Pope coÌ„â—…eth to â—…ing in â—…ng him At length the Pope vppon complaynt made vnto him of such violent doings wrote to king Henrie blaming him not a little for suffering suche mysorders to bee committed wythin hys Realme The Pope comaundeth tâ—… offenders to be accursed commaunding hym vpon paine of excommunication to cause a diligent inquirie to be had of the offenders and to see them sharpely punished to the example of others Moreouer hee sent letters to the Bishop of Winchester and to the Abbot of Saint Edmondsburie to make the like inquisition and to accurse all those that shoulde bee founde culpable within the South partes of Englande as hee did to the Archbishop of York to the Bishop of Durham and to an Italian named Iohn a Canon of Yorke to do the like in the North partes so that the offenders shoulde remaine accursed till they came to Rome there to fetche their absolution Inquisitions taken Herevpon therfore a generall inquisition was taken as well by the king as by the Bishops and many found guiltie some in fact and some in coÌ„sent amongst which number there were both Bishops and Chapleynes to the king with Archedeacons and Deanes Knights and many of the laitie There were some Sherifes and Baylifes also which by the kings commaundement were arrested and put in prison and diuerse of all sortes did keepe themselues out of the way and woulde not as yet be founde In like maner Hubert the Earle of Kent The Earle of Kent put in blame Lorde chiefe Iustice was accused to bee chiefe transgressour in this matter as he that had giuen forth the kings letters patents to those disguised and masking thresshers who had takeÌ„ vpon them so to sequester other mens goods wherto they had no right There came also to the King one sir Robert de Twing Sir Robert de Twing a knight of the North parties whiche named himselfe William Wetherse had led about a companie of the foresaid Maskers protesting that he had done it vpon iust cause to be reuenged vpon the Romaines which went about by sentence of the Pope and manifest frande to spoyle him of the personage of a certaine Church which he helde and therefore he sayde he had leuer stande accursed without iust cause for a tyme than to lose his benefice withoute due iudgement Howbeit the king and the other coÌ„missioners counsayled him in the ende to go vnto Rome for to purchase his absolution sithe he was fallen in daunger of excommunication and there to sue for his pardon in the Popes consistorie and to encourage him the better so to do the King wrote also in his fauour to the Pope testifying the right which he had to the Churche which he claymed whereby at length he obteyned his suyte as after ye shall heare The King called a Parliament at Westmynster Polidor A Parliament wherein declaring what charges hee hadde beene at dyuerse wayes hee requyred to haue a Subsidye graunted vnto hym for the reliefe of his want which was flatly
inquiri Et quod omnes illos quos per inquisitioneÌ„ culpabiles inuenire contigerit et quos vos is sic liberaueritis à nobis recipiaÌ„tur et qucruÌ„ nomina eis scire faciatis assuÌ„pto secuÌ„ sufficieÌ„ti posse comitatus praedicti sine dilatione arrestari in prisona nostra saluo securè custodire faciat in forma praedicta communitati dicti comitatus quod simul cum vicecomite praedicto vobis quocienscunque opus fuerit in praemissis pareat assistat intendat prout eis iniungetis ex parte nostra In cuius rei testimonium c. Heerevnto were annexed certaine articles by way of instructions of what pointes they should enquire as partly aboue is noted out of the addition to Mathewe West but not so fully as in the said Chronicle of Abingdon is found expressed 〈◊〉 reg 33. â—…305 â—…ce Edâ—… coÌ„mitâ—… ward â—…on â—…an and heere for breefenesse omitted In the 33. yere of his raigne K. Edward putte his son Prince Edward in prison bycause y t hee had riotously brokeÌ„ the parke of Walter Langton B. of Chester and bycause the Prince hadde done this dede by the procurement of a lewd and wanton person one Peers Gauaston an Esquire of Gascoigne the K. banished him the Realme least the prince who delited much in his company might by his euil wanton counsel fall to 〈◊〉 and naughty rule Moreouer the same yere William Walace taken and put to deathe Ri. South Wil. Walace was taken deliuered vnto K. Edwarde who caused him to be brought to LoÌ„don where on S. Bartholmewes euen hee was conueyed through the streetes vnto Westminster there arreigned of his treasons condemned therevppon hanged drawen quartered his head was set ouer LondoÌ„ bridge his right side ouer the bridge at New-castell vppon Tine his left side was sent to â—…erwike and there set vp his right legge was sent to S. Iohns Towne and his left vnto Aberden in which places the same were set vp for an example of terror to others Also about the same time the K. of Fraunce required the K. of Englande by messengers and letters sent vnto him that he would banish al the Flemings out of his Realme Nich. Triuet in like manner as at his instance he had lately before banished al the ScottishmeÌ„ out of France The K. of Englande was coÌ„tented so to doe and by that meanes Flemings banished the land at contemplation of the Kyng of Fraunce Abingdon The Archbyshop of Caunterbury accused by the K. Nich Triuet He is suspended were all the Flemings auoided out of this laÌ„d at y e season but shortly after they returned againe King Edward accused Robert Archbishop of Canterbury vnto the Pope for y t he should goe aboute to trouble the quiet state of the Realme to defende and succour rebellious persons wherevppon the said Archb. beeing cited to the Popes consistory was suspended from executing his office till hee shoulde purge himselfe by order of lawe of suche crimes as were laid obiected againste him The K. also obteined an absolution of the Pope of the othe which against his will he had taken for the obseruing of the liberties exacted by force of him by the Erles and Barons of his Realm namely touching disforrestings to be made This yere Robert Bruce contriuing wayes how to make himself K. of Scotland An. reg 34. 1306 Iohn Lorde Comin flayne by Roberte Bruce the 29. day of Ianuarie slew y t Lord Iohn Comin at DuÌ„frice whilest the Kinges Iustices were sitting in iudgemeÌ„t within the Castell there and vpon the day of the annunciation of our Lady caused him self to be Crowned K. of Scotlande at Scone where the Countesse of Boughan that was secretely departed from hir husbande the Earle of Boghan had taken with hir The Countes of Boughan set the Crowne on Roberte Bruce his head all his greate horses was ready to set the Crowne vpon the Bruces head in absence of hir brother y e Erle of Fife to whom being then in England soiourning at his manor of Whitwike in Leicestershire y e office of right apperteined She is taken This Countesse beyng afterwardes taken the same yeare by the Englishmen where other woulde haue had hir put to death the King woulde not grant therevnto but commanded that he shuld be put in a cage made of wood Hir punishment whiche was set vppon the walles of the Castell of Berwike that all suche as passed by might behold hir There were present at his Coronation four bishops fiue Erles a great multitude of people of the lande Immediately vppon y e newes brought to the K. of Bruces coronatioÌ„ he sente forthe a power of men An army sent into Scotland vnder the conduit of the Erle of Pembroke and of the Lord Henry Perey the Lord Robert Clifford and others to resist the attemptes of the Scottes now ready to worke some mischiefe through the encouragement of y e new King Prince Edward made Knight Edward Prince of Wales was made knight this yeare at LondoÌ„ vpoÌ„ Whitsonday Thre hundred hath M. West a great number of other yong bachelers with him 297. as Abingdon writeth the whyche were sent straightwayes with y e saide Prince towards ScotlaÌ„d to ioyne with the Earle of PeÌ„broke to resist the attemptes of the new K. Robert le Bruce and his complices Prince Edward sent into Scotland K. Edwarde himselfe followed The general assemblie of y e army was appointed at Careleill a fifteene dayes after the Natiuitie of S. Iohn Baptist froÌ„ theÌ„ce to marche forth vnder the guiding of the Prince into ScotlaÌ„d Robert Bruce In the meane time Roberte le Bruce went abroade in the countreys of Scotlande receyued the homages of many Scottishmenne and got togither an army of men with the whiche he approched neere to S. Iohns Towne into the which the Earle of Pembroke was alittle before entred to defende it Abingdon with three hundred menne of armes beside footemen The Bruce sent vnto the Erle to come out giue battell y e Erle sent vnto him word againe that he would not fight y e day being sunday It was the next sunday after Midsomer day but vpoÌ„ the next morow he would satisfie his request Robert Bruce herevpoÌ„ withdrew a mile backe froÌ„ the towne determining to rest himselfe and his people that night About euening tide coÌ„meth the Earle foorth of the towne with his people in order of battell and assayling his enimies vpon a suddaine Robert Bruce put to flight by the Earle of Pembroke slew diuers ere they could get their armour on their backes Roberte Bruce and others that hadde some space to arme theÌ„selues made some resistance for a while but at length the English meÌ„ put them to the worse so that they were constreyned to flee Robert Bruce fled into Cantir The Earle following y e chase pursued theÌ„ eueÌ„
more shall bee sayd heereafter The domage that the Realme of Englande receyued by the losse of thys noble man manifestly appeared in that immediately after hys death the prosperous good lucke whiche had followed the English nation began to decline and the glory of their victories gotten in the parties beyond the Sea fell in decay Though al men were sorowful for his death yet the Duke of Bedford was most striken with heauinesse as he that had lost his only right hād and chiefe ayde in time of necessitie But sith that dead men cannot helpe the chances of men that be liuing he like a prudent gouernour appointed the Earle of Suffolke to be his Lieutenante and Captaine of the siege and ioyned with him the Lord Scales the Lord Talbot sir Iohn Fasto◅ diuers other right valiant Captaines These persons caused ◅astilles to bee made rounde about the Citie and left nothing vnattempted whiche mighte aduaunce their purpose 1429 In the Lent season vittaile and artillerie began to waxe seant in the English camp wherefore the Earle of Suffolke appoynted Sir Iohn Fastolfe sir Thomas Rampston and sir Phillip Hall with their retinues to ride to Paris to the Lord Regent to enforme him of their lacke who incontinently vpon that information prouided victuall artillerie and munitions necessitie and loded there with many chariots carte◅ horsses and for the sure conueying of the same hee appointed Sir Simon Morhier prouost of Paris with the guard of the Citie and diuers of his owne houshold seruants to accompany Sir Iohn Fastolfe and his complices to the armie lying at the siege of Orleans They were in all Enguer◅t to the number of fifteene hundred men of the which there were not past a fiue or sixe hundred Englishmen the whiche departing in good order of battell out of Paris came to Genuille in Beausse and in a morning carely in a great frost they departed from thēce towarde the siege and when they came to a Towne called Rowray in the lāds of Beausse they perceyued their enimies comming towards them beeing to the number of nine or tenne thousand of Frenchmen and Scottes of whom were Captaines Charles of Cleremont sonne to the Duke of Bourbon then being prisoner in England Sir William Steward Connestable of Scotland a little before deliuered out of captiuitie the Earle of Perdriacke the Lorde Iohn Vandosme y e Vidame of Chartres the Lorde of Toures the Lord of Lohar the Lord of Eglere the Lorde of Beaniew the basterd Tremoile and manye other valiant Captaines wherefore sir Iohn Fastolfe set all hys companye in good order of battell and pitched stakes before euery archer to breake the force of the horsemen At their backes they sette all the wagons and carriages and within them they tyed all their horses In this manner stoode they still abiding the assault of their enimies In this conflict were slaine the Lorde William Steward Connestable of Scotland his brother the L. Dorualle the L. Chateaubriā sir Iohn Basgot and other Frenchmen and Scots to the number of .xxv. hundred and aboue .xj. C. taken prisoners although the French wryters affirme the number lesse After this fortunate victorie sir Iohn Fastolfe and his companie hauing lost no one man of any reputation wyth all theyr caryages vytaile and prysoners marched forth and came to the English campe before Orleans where they were ioyfully receyued and highly commended for theyr valiauncie and worthie prowes shewed in the battaile The battel of the herrings the which bycause most part of the caryage was Herring and Lenton stuffe the French men call it the battaile of Herrings The Earle of Suffolke being thus vytayled continued the siege and euery day almost skirmished with the Frenchmen within who at length being in dispayre of all succours offred to treate and in conclusion to saue themselues and the Citie from captiuitie of theyr enimyes they deuised to submit the Citie themselues and all theirs vnder the obeysance of Philip duke of Burgoign bycause he was extract out of the stock and bloud royall of the auncient kings of Fraunce thinking by this means as they did in deed to break or diminish the great amitie betwene the Englishmen and him This offer was signifyed by them vnto the Duke of Burgoigne who with thankes certified them againe that he would gladly receyue them if the Lord Regent woulde therewith be contented Herevpon he dispatched Messengers to the Duke of Bedforde who though some counselled that it should be verie good and necessarie for him to agree to that maner of yeelding yet hee and other thought it neither cōuenient nor honourable that a Citie so long besieged by the king of England his power shuld be deliuered vnto any other foreyne prince or potentate than to him or to hys Regent and that bycause the example mighte prouoke other townes hereafter to seeke the lyke agreement Herevpon the Regent answered the Burgonian Ambassadors that sith the king of England had beene at all the charges aboute the besieging and winning of the Citie it was not consonant to reason that the Duke shoulde enioy the fruites of an other mans labour Hereof folowed a double mischief to the English proceedings in the realme of France for both the Duke of Burgoigne conceyued an inwarde grudge agaynst the Englishmen for that hee suspected them to enuy his glory and aduancement and againe the Englishmen left the siege of Orleans which by this treatie they might haue recouered out of theyr enimies hands and put their friendes in possession of it But mortall men can not foresee all things and therefore are guided by fortune which ruleth the destinie of man and turneth hir wheele as shee lysteth While this treatie was in hand the Dolphin studied dayly how to prouide remedie by the deliuerie of his friendes in Orleans out of present danger And euē at the same time that mōstrous womā named Ioan la Pucell de Dieu Ione la Pucell de Dieu was presented vnto him at Chinon where as then hee soiourned of whiche woman yee maye finde more written in the French historie touching hir birth estate and qualitie But briefly to speake of hir doings so much credite was giuen to hir that she was honoured as a Saint and so she handled the matter that she was thought to be sent from god to the ayde of the Dolphyn otherwise called the French king Charles the seuenth of that name as an Instrument to deliuer Fraunce out of the Englishmens handes and to establish him in the kingdome Herevpon she being armed at all poyntes lyke a iolye Captaine roade from Poictiers to Bloys and there founde men of warre vytaile and munitions readie to be conueyed to Orleans Here was it known that the English men kept not so diligent watch as they had beene accustomed to doe and therefore this Mayde with other Frenche Captaynes comming forwarde in the deade tyme of the nyghte and in a greate rayne thunder they entred