Selected quad for the lemma: england_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
england_n	evident_a	get_v	great_a	14	3	2.1077	3	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A48293	Proposals to the King and Parliament, or, A large model of a bank shewing how a fund of a bank may be made without much charge or any hazard, that may give out bills of credit to a vast extent, that all Europe will accept of rather than mony : together with some general proposals in order to an act of Parliament for the establishing this bank : also many of the great advantages that will accrue to the nation, to the crown, and to the people, are mentioned, with an answer to the objections that may be made against it / by M.L.	Lewis, M. (Mark), fl. 1678.	1678 (1678)	Wing L1848; ESTC R29943	42,251	47

every Man to make further inferences as he pleases their own occasions and necessities will teach all to make their advantages of this infinite Credit which is an inexhaustible Treasure To Conclude make the Gentry rich the Farmer flourish the Merchant trade Ships increase Sea-men to be imployed set up Manifacture for the labouring Poor provide Maintenance for the Impotent set up new Manufactures incourage the Old What may not a King be and do that Reigns over such a People that are not inferiour in courage to any and doubtless their Spirits will rise higher when they find they have Purses superiour to all Objections Answered There are Three main Objections that lie against these Banks Object 1. Men will not be willing to bring an incumbrance upon their Estates to be answerable for the Acts of their Officers which may be very prejudicial to them Answ 1. The Precinct chooses their own Officers and may if they please choose such as are able and honest who do give them security the Precinct shall not be damnified Answ 2. The Assistants of every Precinct supervise their Office once every month Answ 3. The accounts of these particular stated Officers are sent up every Moneth to be ballanced by the Superiour Officers Answ 4. The City of London hath never suffered as far as ever I heard by their Officers in the Chamber let their practice be a Precedent Answ 5. This Incumbrance may be ballanced by the advantage every Precinct will have in that they will be freed from the charge of repairing persons Rob'd and also from that intollerable charge of maintaining the poor by a monthly rate Answ A full Answer to this Objection is this Lands without this incumberance are now not worth above twenty years Purchase will be worth at least forty years Purchase when this incumbrance is upon them when these Banks are set up so that the owners of Lands will have no cause to complain whilst the value of their Land is double Object 2. The Crown may justly be jealous the People when they are thus rich may be armed for and disposed to Rebellion Answ 6. Government is so Sacred and necessary to the well-being of People especially if they be rich and live at ease that they never rise in Rebellion for fear of losing their riches and least they be disquieted in and deprived of that peaceable and plentiful condition they possess Fools may grow wanton with Peace and Plenty they will be easily curb'd but it is oppression only that makes wise men mad Then people Rebel when they are or at least think themselves to be so opprest or that their condition will suddenly be so bad that if they be disappointed in their Rebellion it cannot be much worse The Prince hath the Militia by Sea and Land the power of Peace and War a considerable revenue his friends at home and confederates abroad and may easie disperse a Storm arising from a small party of inconsiderable wanton fools The Estates of the people will be in these Banks if they prove restie they are obnoxious to Justice Though the people are rich in Goods and Lands yet they will have little mony in specie which are the cords of War The lasy persons are allwaies the most turbulent persons imploy'd in honest occupations that brings in a pleasant livelihood never think of making disturbance but mind their own business Object 3. The other great Objection is from the People against the Prince Suppose say they the bulk of the money of the Nation is gathered into and lodged in these Banks the King hath the Militia and may easily surprise it and so make himself Absolute and for this reason Banks and Trade never thrive under a Monarchy Answ It s very true the great Trade of the World hath been driven by Commonwealths as Tyre Athens Rhodes Syracuse Agrigentum Carthage Venice Amsterdam but I do not see any reason why it may not flourish under a Monarchy as it did sometimes at Bruges and Antwerp and doth now at Florence supposing the Monarchy is bounded as it is here with us Trade indeed can never rise to and continue at any great height in France by reason the King is so Absolute It is against the very Nature of Man that is ingenious to be frugal and industrious when the fruit of all his Labour is obnoxious to the pleasure of an other Man But as things stand with us 1. Our Monarch cannot 2. Our Monarch will not violate these Banks 1. Our Monarch cannot though he hath the Militia violate these Banks because they are set up in several places and cannot be surprized all at once If great numbers be sent to one place the other Banks will disperse their mony before that can be attempted Jealousie is very quick sighted If there be the least appearance of danger the Bank will disperse the mony amongst the Neighbour-hood as is provided in the Act they will rather disperse it ten times when there is no just cause than be surprized once especially seeing they can so easily call it in again Thus the Prince cannot seise the Banks to get any considerable quantity of mony 2. We can hardly imagine such a King will ever arise in England that will violate these Banks Interest Rules the World and we may suppose it will over-rule Princes when it is considerable evident and apparent It is evident no King will violate these Banks because 1. he can get nothing considerable by attempting them but 2ly must lose a great deal by offering any violence to them 1. He can get no great store of mony as I have shewed if there should be any considerable quantity of Tin there when the Souldiers have taken it out all at once it would be worth little no people would give them any thing for it but rather tell them they have stolen it As the King can get no mony and can make little use of Tin so he can make no use of Bills of Credit which the Souldier may force the Master of the Bank to give out but the Banks being under violence their Credit immediately ceases to be currant like the Apples of Sodom touch them and they turn to dust 2ly The King by offering violence to these Banks must lose all the great advantages before mentioned appropriate to the Crown or more mediately coming to it by the peoples advantage He kills the Goose that lays the golden Egg and knows there are no more in her Belly which is to be imprudent beyond the Fable We can hardly imagine any Prince should so far forget himself if he had in truth that fabulous Philosophers Stone that he should in meer humour cast it away These Banks rightly managed would every way answer the advantages of that Stone if it could be had If a Prince had really that Stone he would not keep it himself and turn Founder that is below him besides he must needs be tortured with continual fears least it should be stolen from him

the thing will justifie the prudence of the Parliamont to attempt it whilst it doth not seem impossible Some Out-lines Or a rough draught of some Proposals preparatory to a Bill In order to an Act of Parliament to facilitate the return of Mony to prevent Robbing as also to quicken Trade and bring in Bullion to the Mint by raising a Bank 1. WHereas diverse Robberies are daily committed to the loss of many mens lives and sundry Robberies are pretended to be committed to the damage of the Hundreds where they are done or pretended to be done 2. And whereas great inconveniences do accrue to the Crown and People for want of an expeditious and secure way of returning Mony from one part of the Nation to another 3. And whereas Banks are very advantagious to Trade and in maritime places do exceedingly increase Seamen and Shipping 4. And whereas for want of these Banks which do much increase the Running Cash Trades-Men are forc'd to deal upon trust to their great loss 5. And whereas no Nation let the staple Commodity be what it will even Gold and Silver it self can grow and continue great without Trade 6. And whereas the growth increase and continuance of Trade depends upon a capacity of bringing in a competent quantity of Bullion to the Mint to increase our stock of Coin and to repair the wast of our runing Cash 7. And whereas those pious acts to relieve necessitous persons through the exorbitancy of the Poor and other abuses are become a grievance 8. And whereas sundry frauds do happen in the receits and payments of greater sums of Mony 9. And whereas the owners of Houses Lands and Ships are not able to supply themselves with Mony upon them by reason Titles are uncertain 10. And whereas diverse persons let their Mony ly dead by them lest they should make bad Debts 11. And whereas sudden supplies of mony are necessary to the Crown and Kingdom in case of any rebellion at home or Invasion from abroad 12. And whereas Mony Banks are in danger of violence in case of any disturbance amongst the People where they are not kept in a fortified Town and secured by an Army 13. And Lastly Whereas the great difficulty in setting up Banks is to provide a considerable quantity of ready Mony to answer all Bills when they shall be brought to them It is proposed that a Bill may be prepared that the Kingdom of England and Dominion of Wales may be divided into several Precincts in manner and form following That is c. Also it is proposed that in the most convenient place of each of these Precincts an Office shall be erected for the returns of Mony and for the making of greater payments namely an Office shall be erected at York c. It is proposed that the Town where these Offices shall be setled shall keep a Watch for the security of the Office against Robberys It is proposed that the Neighbourhood within the Precinct according to their Estates shall choose one to be Master of the Bank and they shall choose twenty four assistants to him each of which shall have 50 per Annum On the First Tuesday in October at the place where the Office is appointed that is every person that hath 10 l. per annum or 200 l. personal estate shall have one voice and every one that hath double that estate shall have two voices and so upwards till you come to 100 l. per Annum he shall have ten voices but none shall exceed that number It is proposed that each of these Offices shall have a Seal and be Incorporate It is proposed that a return shall be made from every Parish to the two next Justices of the Peace of the estates every one hath within their Parish It is proposed all the Justices of the Peace within the Precinct shall be present at the election and shall have the oversight and management of it This Master of the Bank shall be a person of estate who by himself and friends may give security that the Neighbour-hood shall not suffer by his neglect or irregular actings The Master of the Bank shall have a Salary of and shall choose one or more Clerks to be approved of by his assistants who shall have a Salary of out of the clear profits The Master of the Banks and his Clerks shall attend the Office at such times as the assistants shall appoint The major part of the assistants shall be necessary to make a Coram and shall meet the first Mondy in every Month and oftner if need requires to assist the Master as there shall be occasion and shall be allowed for each meeting It is proposed that the estate of the whole Precinct real and personal shall be obliged to make good the acts of the Bank as in the case of Robberies It is proposed that all persons whosoever shall have liberty to pay any sum of Mony above 5 l. or upwards into these Offices which shall be repaid him again at any Office where he shall desire it If the return be immediately to or from London the Mony shall be paid in six days but if the return be double that is from York to Bristow which must be by London fourteen days shall be allowed All persons returning Mony shall pay one peny the pound if the return be above a hundred miles and one half peny the Pound if the return be under a hundred miles but shall be at his liberey to return it cheaper if he can Provided never the less that all his Majesties Monies shall be returned gratis and also be made Bank Mony gratis It is proposed that a private Mark shall be agreed upon between the Office and the person returning Mony to prevent the loss of the Bill by Thieves It is proposed that if by any accident especially at the first setting up these Offices there be not Mony in specie to answer all persons desiring it the Office shall give the Creditor a Bill of Credit for his Mony for three Months and shall pay the common interest during that time unless Mony in specie be provided sooner and if then the Office do not day the principal and interest the Creditor shall recover it of the Province by such means as shall be appointed and so shall all other persons that are not justly dealt withal It is further proposed that all greater payments of 100 l. or upwards shall be paid through these Banks by the Debtor to the Creditor else they should not be good in Law Provided nevertheless that all lesser payments of 5 l. and upwards may be paid into these Banks if the Debtor pleases It is proposed that if any person desire to leave his Mony in specie to be kept by the Banks and takes a Bill of Credit he shall pay in Mint Mony or Tin Mony into the Bank or he shall pay so much in the hundred as the superior Office shall direct It is proposed that all Mony left

may rationally hope he shall have some advantage more or less by them But because the concern is general affecting the whole Nation and many persons cannot see where their particular advantage lies for a general satisfaction I shall endeavour to shew particularly how these Banks will be profitable 1. To the Nation in general 2. To the Crown 3. To the People That we may see how the Nation in general shall be advantaged we must look upon the Nation as one great Family for so indeed it is whenever a particular person gets the Nation gets and the Families grows richer by that accession and when ever the Nation gets in the general it must be in some particular persons hands who by that encrease do grow richer for the whole is made up of the parts and the parts do constitute the whole 1. The Riches of the Nation will increase and much of the Bullion of Europe will be brought in hither suppose we import and consume as many effects as we do now and export the same quantity of Commodity of our Native growth as we have done formerly and besides we give out two or three Millions of Bills of Credit when they are returned upon us they will be paid with Credit again the ballance at last must be Mony and it will the sooner be so if we advance the price of Mint Mony two or three per Cent. above Bullion or old Mony which we may do by virtue of our Banks without any hurt to any person Further if Men grow rich it will be in Mony or their dead stock will be in Jewels and Plate as we see it is with overgrown rich Men. 2. The Trade of Merchandizing will increase as I shall shew afterwards England may become as one City of Trade and be the Emporie of the World it is not so much the product of our Fertile Land as the profit of Trade far surmounting this that makes our Nation flourish 3. The Fishery and diverse Manufactures may be set up though these are managed at first to some loss yet at that time they will be great gain to the Nation There are in England three hundred thousand pair of lazy hands some think more that earn little if these be brought to earn but three pence a day one with another which may be admitted the profit to the Nation will be twelve hundred thousand pounds if two or three hundred thousand pounds be lost in these Trades the rest will be clear gain to the Nation for the poor employed will consume no more Victuals nor Cloths when they work than they do now they are idle Obj. We make more goods already than we can consume or than the World will utter Ans The Fishery the Linnen Manufacture and the making of White Paper fit for Writing and Printing not practicable in England till of late and by the great industry and care of Eaustacey Burneby Esq brought to perfection and may compare with the best in the World and will employ our idle hands we import yearly in thred twine tape linnen hemp flax and paper above fourteen hundred thousand Pounds per Annum all this would be saved If we should make more than we use we may export our Commodity as well as others This very consideration of making Paper of Rags we now throw to the Dunghil and employing all the poor in our Linnen Manufacture which is bought of Foreiners with dry Mony is a sufficient argument to excite those in Authority with all their vigour to promote these Banks that they may keep their Cash in the Nation and be freed from the charge of maintaining their poor by a pound rate If the Act for burying in Woollen be re-inforc'd it will raise the price of Wool now worth little and we should have consumed more than is now in England if it had bin put in execution it will also prevent the exportation of great quantitys of Wooll before the working of it up The mixture of our Wooll with Foreign Wooll maketh it fit for Manufacture which otherwise would not be which is sold at lower rates and hinders the sending over of greater quantitys of Cloth to the prejudice of Woollen Drapers and Clothiers great part of which are forc'd to leave off their Employments for want of Trade the poor would have bin employed in working up Wooll and making Cloth If this Act be re-inforced it will help us to many hundred Tuns of Linnen Rags yearly which will enable us to cary on the making of all sorts of white Paper fit for Writing and Printing as to the Fishery the Dutch to be sure have made a good Market of it 4. People will increase Trade will bring in People to the Nation Where Trade is there is Imployment where Imployment is thither people will resort where people are there will be consumption of Commodity if these Banks were constituted and Trading did flourish we need not doubt but the Dutch Flemish French and people from all parts of Europe that have Estates would resort hither to enjoy themselves and their Estates and those that are ingenious would seat themselves here to get Estates provided a convenient door be opened to let them in and reasonable indulgence be given to them when they are here It is not a contemptible consideration that these Banks will be a great safty to the Nation whilst all all the World that Trades with us will have a kindness for us especially when these Banks keep their Mony they will desire and as far as they can endeavour to preserve their Cashiers lest they should lose their estates having nothing but a Bill of Credit for it I appeal for the confirmation of this to all those that had Credit upon the Bank at Amsterdam what thoughts they had when the French King was so near those Gates and whether they would not if it had been in their power have diverted him Obj. We have too many people already and some think multitudes of people do not enrich a Nation Ans It is evident the Riches of a Nation are the People of a Nation Lands are at a great rate where people are numerous as about London But in America where people are few it is worth nothing This is true people not imployed are like Caterpillers to Plants and Worms to Wood that only wast the product of industrious hands But I propose imployment and then there is no doubt the consumption of the people is not so much as the product of their labours but they are really the Riches and Strength of a Nation the more the merrier like Bees in a Hive and better chear too Lombers would naturally grow out of the sides of these Banks as Twigs do from Trees and so many of these may be set up by these Offices in the several parts of the Nation as may be judged convenient to lend out smaller sums of Mony upon pawns to mean and necessitous people which would be very advantagious in the Country as

in most places are neglected for want of Stock that would pay the charge five times over Necessitous Farmers must do that which will turn to present profit and let that alone which will not turn to account immediately though it will pay them ten-fold for the forbearance Besides when they have a plentiful Crop of Corn let the price be what it will they must sell it to pay their Rent as the last year the Dutch and other Strangers Shipd off our Wheat at three shillings the Bushel which is now worth six Now these Banks would provide Granaries to lay up their Corn in or if the Farmer hath conveniences of his own he might take up money or credit to satisfie his Landlord till a Market should offer it self By this means Corn would never be extraordinarie cheap to undoe the Grower nor excessive dear to starve the Labourer and Artificer As to the Landlord that now is forc'd to fall his Rents because the middle sort of people are so necessitous he takes Tenents that are understock and is constrained to keep these and trust them commonly for a years Rent or occupies his Land himself this mischief being removed by these Banks the rents of Lands either will rise or these rents would be better pai'd than now they are That these middle sort of Men should have plenty of mony may easily be believed for they may take it up at small interest or these Banks may and doubtless will three or four times a year disperse their mony for very little Interest suppose One in the Hundred and get enough by it too We will suppose Ten Millions of ready Cash in these Banks they disperse all this amongst the Neighbourhood in their several Provinces this mony in a few months will either come into the Banks upon account of Returns or pass through the Banks in greater Payments when it is there it keeps there and the Banks get Two in the Hundred by it and every body is contented with the bargain Further the Gentry that have in a frolick run themselves generally into Debt and can never recover but their Families must be ruined and their Names extirpate shall now be in a better Estate than if they had contracted no Debts at all their Lands will advance the first year these Banks are set up to Fifty years Purchase this seems a Romance but if private persons will not give such rates the Banks shall and get the whole Rent clear by the bargain seeing they pay the Purchase with Credit only The Gentleman that cannot now borrow Four thuusand pounds upon One thousand a Year without Personal Security of friends besides the Mortgaging of his Land shall now borrow Four thousand pounds upon One hundred a year of the same Land without any security but his own for the Bank will lend as much mony most of which they pay in Credit upon any Land within in two or three years Purchase as it is worth to be sold at three in the hundred the Interest is clear profit Mr. Yarinton tells us These three Kingdomes are the only Northern Countries not improved when the Gentry can have plenty of mony at Three per Cent. they will improve their Lands themselves and teach their Tenants to do so too by their Example as well in this Nation as others do in Forrein Parts Timber would be preserved when owners do not want mony and Gentlemen would Plant more when they are not in necessity but can forbear the Rent of their Land till it is cloathed with a stock of Timber that is ten times of greater value than the Fee-simple of the Estate The Sea-men will not want ships if a person hath but one or two Hundred pounds to lay the Keel the Bank will supply him with Ten more upon the Security of the Ship to be paid Interest according to the hazard thus for ought I can see in a few years we shall have ten times as many English-built Ships as now we have especially when these Banks will also provide imployment for all these Ships The Merchant that hath a Thousand pounds stock and brings a Cargo of goods of that value immediately he takes up a thousand pounds at the Bank upon these goods which he keeps in his own Warehouse only he gives security by himself and friends that he will be honest that is pay the Office as he sells his goods and thus he doth again and again as often as he pleases and with one Thousand pounds stock laies in Five thousand pounds nay Ten thousand pounds worth of goods so that the Stock our Merchants now use in England may drive five nay ten times the Trade they now do between them and the Bank they may ingross the greatest part of the Merchandize in the World and moreover the carrying and recarrying these goods will imploy all our Ships It s probable this is no good News to the rich Merchant that wants no money he cries out there are two many Traders and too much Stock used in Trade already he can be content others should but is not willing himself to give out This is true they think and say as our Trade is now managed by mony at Six per Cent. in Ships built at the same charge but if the Interest of mony was low and the frait as cheap as it is in Holland I do not see Trade could be overlaid especially if we bring Holland by the Lee and force Amsterdam to come to our Market Besides these vast advantages as to all mens Estates I have great hopes these Banks thus used will much conduce to the civilizing the Nation now degenerate into Debauchery this seems not at all to be the end of them yet accidentally it may produce this Effect This is a certain truth no debauched person ought to be trusted by a prudent man when he need not do it one who is an Atheist that thinks there is no God is not fit for the society of Man he will certainly make a prey of his Neighbour as oft and as soon as he can he makes his own Interest his ease honour lust or pleasure to be his God whilst he thinks the●e is no other to reward or punish He that believes there is a God that hath an absolute Soverainty over him and dares in his very presence be false to him will undoubtedly when he can do it privately be disloyal to his Prince and treacherous to his Neighbour Now when people choose their Officers though they are debauched themselves they will endeavour to choose men that are morally honest in their Conversations These Officers will give credit to no personal Security where there is not a pretention at least to Morality so that rich and poor if they expect to have honour from the People or profit from these Banks will outwardly reform their lives I might inlarge here to a Volume but my design is only to give a hint of the advantages these Banks would bring to this Nation I leave