Selected quad for the lemma: england_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
england_n	esq_n	sir_n	william_n	5,495	5	9.8160	5	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A35219	England's monarchs, or, A compendious relation of the most remarkable transactions, and observable passages, ecclesiastical, civil, and military, which have hapned [sic] during the reigns of the kings and queens of England, from the invasion of the Romans to this present adorned with poems, and the pictures of every monarch, from William the Conquerour, to His present Majesty, our gracious sovereign, King Charles the Second : together with the names of His Majesty's most Honourable Privy Council, the nobility, bishops, deans, and principal officers, civil and military, in England, in the year 1684 by R.B., author of the Admirable curiosities in England, The historical remarks in London and Westminster, The late wars in England, Scotland, and Ireland, &c.	R. B., 1632?-1725?	1685 (1685)	Wing C7314; ESTC R21089	148,791	242

Fitz-Harris were hanged at Tyburn July 2. The E. of Shaftsbury was committed to the Tower one Stephen Colledg a Joyner was likewise sent Prisoner thither and a Bill being brought against him to the Grand-Jury at the Old Bayly they returned it Ignoramus a while after he was sent to Oxford and found guilty of High-Treason committed there for which he was there executed Novem. 24. a Commission issued out for the Tryal of L. Shaftsbury at the Old Bayly but the Grand-Jury brought in the Bill Ignoramus July 12 13 14. 1683 Willam L. Russel Thomas Walc●t William Ho●e and John Rous were endicted and condemned for High Treason the L. Russel was beheaded in Lincolns-Inn-Fields and the others executed at Tyburn Decem. 7. Algernon Sidney Esquire was beheaded on Tower-hill upon the same Account June 20. 1684. Sir Thomas Armstrong was hanged and quartered upon an Outlawry for High-Treason James Holloway likewise executed some time before at Tyburn upon the like Outlawry for High Treason The Names of the Principal Officers Civil and Military in England 1684. The Right Honourable the Lords of His Majesties most Honourable Privy-Council 33. Lord A. Bishop Canterbury Lord Gilford Lord Keeper E. of Radnor L. President Mar. Hallifax L. Privy Seal Duke of Ormond Duke of Albemarle Duke of Newcastle Duke of Beaufort Marquess of Winchester Earl of Lindsey Earl of Arlington Earl of Oxford Earl of Huntington Earl of Bridgwater Earl of Peterborough Earl of Chesterfield Earl of Sunderland Earl of Clarendon Earl of Bath Earl of Craven Earl of Ailsbury Earl of Nottingham Earl of Rochester L. Viscount Faulconbridge Lord Bishop of London Lord Dartmouth Henry Coventry Esq Sir ●●oline Jenkyns Knight 〈…〉 Ernle 〈…〉 Chichely 〈…〉 L.C. Justice Sidney Godolphin Esq Edward Seymour Esq The Great Officers of the Crown 9. L. High Steward of Engl. L. Keeper Lord North. L. High Treasurer at present in Commission L. President E. of Radror L. Privy Seal Mar. Hallifax L Great Chamberlain Earl of Lindsey L. High Constable Earl Marshal D. of Norfolk L. High Admiral at present in Commission His Majesties Principal Secretaries of State 2. Earl of Sunderland Sidney Godolphin Esq Officers of His Majesties Houshold Ecclesiastical 3. Dean of the Chappel Lord Bishop of London Clerk of the Closet Lord Bishop of Durham L. Almoner L. B. Rochester Civil 9. L. Steward D. of Ormond L. Chamberlain E. Arlington Master of the Horse Duke of Richmond Treasurer Lord Newport Comptroller L. Maynard Cofferer Lord Brounker Master of the Houshold H. Bulkly Esq Clerks of the Green-cloth Sir S. Fox Sir W. Boreman Clerks Comptrollers Sir Win. Churchill Sir R. Mason Gentlemen of the Bed chamber E. of Bath first Gentleman and Groom of the Stole Duke of Newcastle E. of Dorset and Middlesex Earl of Mulgrave Duke of Albemarle Earl of Lindsey Earl of Oxford Earl of Arran Lord Latimer Earl of Sussex Earl of Rannelagh Earl of Litchfield Earl of Rochester Vicechamb H. Saville Esq Keeper of the Privy Purse Baptist May Esq Treasurer of the Chamber Edward Griffen Esq Surveyor-General of His Majesties Works Sir Christopher Wren Master of the Robes belonging to His Majesties Person Hen. Sydney Esq Master of the Jewel-house Sir Gilbert Talbot Master of the Ceremonies Sir Charles Cotterel Master of the Wardrobe Ralph L. Mountague Master Falconer Duke of St. Albans Clerks of the Council Sir J. Nicholas Kt. of the Bath Sir Philip Lloyd Sir Thomas Dolman Francis Gwyn Esq Masters of the Requests Sir Charles Cotterel Thomas Povey Esq Sir William Glascock Charles Morley Esq Clerks of the Privy Seal Sir Charles Bickerstaff John Matthews Esq Thomas Watkins Esq John Richards Esq Clerks of the Signet Sir John Nicholas Kt. Bath Sidney Bere Esq Nicholas Morice Esq Dr. William Trumbull Kt. Marshal Sir E. Villiers Usher of the Black Rod Sir Thomas Duppa Serj. Porter Sir H. Progers Military Capt. of the Band of Pensioners E. of Huntington Lieut. Fra. Villiers Esq Standard-bearer Sir Humphrey Winch. Captain of the Yeomen of the Guard L. Viscount Grandison Lieut. Tho. Howard Esq Ensign H. Dutton-Colt Esq Clerk of the Check Charles Villiers Esq The Judges and Principal Officers of Justice 12. Of the Kings Bench. Sir Geo. Jeffreys Kt. Bar. L. C. Justice of England Sir Francis Withens Kt. Sir Richard Holloway Kt. Sir Thomas Walcot Kt. Of the Common Pleas. Sir Tho. Jones L. C. Justice Sir Hugh Windham Kt. Sir Job Charlton Kt. Sir Creswel Levinz Kt. Of the Exchequer Will. Mountague L.C. Baron Sir Edw. Atkyns Kt. Sir William Gregory Kt. Sir Thomas Street Kt. Of the High Court of Chancery Fra. L. Guilford L. Keeper Sir Harbottle Grimston Master of the Rolls The Eleven Masters in Chancery Sir John Coell Kt. Sir W. Beversham Kt. Sir Samuel Clark Kt. Sir Edward Low D. L. Sir Miles Cooke Kt. Sir Lac. Will. Child Kt. Sir John Hoskins Kt. Sir John Franklyn Kt. Sir Adam Otley Kt. Sir Robert Le Gard Kt. Sir James Astrey Kt. Sir R. Sawyer Attorny Gen. H. Finch Esq Sollicit Gen. The Court of the Dutchy of Lancaster Chancellor Sir T. Chichely Vicechancell Sir J. Otway Attorney Gen Sir J. Heath Receiver Gen. Sir J. Curson Auditors J. Fanshaw Esq Edw. Webb Esq Clerk Cheek Gerard Esq The Chief Officers of His Majesties Revenue The Commissioners of the Treasury Earl of Rochester Sir John Ernle Kt. Chancellor of the Exchequer Sir Edward Deering Bar. Sir Stephen Fox Kt. Sydney Godolphin Esq And under these Lords The Commissioners of the Customs Charles Lord Chene Sir Dudley North Kt. Andrew Newport Esq Sir Richard Temple Baronet Sir Geo. Downing Kt. Bar. Sir Nicholas Butler Kt Commissioners of the Excise● and Fire-Hearths Sir Denny Ashburnham Bar. Francis Parrey Esq Robert Huntington Esq Charles Davenant Esq John Friend Esq Felix Calvert Esq Nath. Horneby Esq Patrick Trant Esq William Bridge Esq Treasurer Sir Cornw. Bradshaw Kt. Commissioners for Wine-Licences Henry Deering Esq William Young Esq John Taylor Esq Michael Brighouse Esq Robert Ryves Esq Commissioners of Appeals for Excise Robert Spencer Esq Charles Fanshaw Esq Sir Paul Neal Kt. George Dodington Esq Edward Seymour Esq Of the High Court of Admiralty The Commissioners for Executing the Office of L. High Admiral of England Earl of Nottingham Sir Thomas Meers Baronet Sir Humphrey Winch Kt. Sir Edward Hales Baronet Sir John Chichely Knight Henry Saville Esq Arthur Herbert Esq Vice-Admiral of England Duke of Crafton Rere-Adm Ar. Herbert Esq Judge of the Admiralty Sir Leoline Jenkyns Treasurer of the Navy L. Falkland Comptroller Sir Richard Haddock Surveyor Sir John Tippet Clerk of the Acts James Southern Esq To whom are joyned these Commissioners Sir John Narborough Kt. Sir Phineas Pett Kt. Sir Richard Beech Kt. Sir John Godwin Kt. Constable of the Tower of London Lord Allington Lieutenant of the Tower Thomas Cheek Esq Master of the Ordinance Lord Dartmouth Lieut. Sir Chr. Musgrave Surveyor of the Ordnance Sir Bernard de Gome Kt. Treasurer Cha. Bertie Esq Clerk of the Ordnance

Sir Edward Sherburne Kt. Storekeeper W. Bridges Esq Keeper of the Records in the Tower Sir Alg. May. Kt. The Lord Mayor and Aldermen of London and the Wards whereunto each long Above the Chair Sir Henry Tulse Kt. Lord Mayor Breadstreet Sir W. Turner Castle Baynard Sir W. Hooker Cornhil Sir Robert Vyn r. Langborn Sir J. Edwards Candlewick Sir John Moor. Walbrook Sir W. Pritchard Bridge without Below the Chair Sir Ja. Smith Portsoken Sir R. Jefferies Cordwainer Sir W. Rawstern Limestreet Sir J. Peake Billingsgate Sir T. Beckford Aldgate Sir J. Chapman Towerstreet Sir Si. Lewis Bassishaw Sir Jo. Reymond Bishopsgate Sir Dud. North. Faringdon without Pet Rich Esq Aldersgate Sir P. Daniel Sheriff Bridge within Sa. Dashwood Esq Sheriff Cheapside Sir B. Bathurst Cripplegate Sir J. Buckworth Colemanstr Sir Ben. Newland Vintry Jacob Lucy Esq Dowgate Ch. Duncomb Esq Broadstreet Pet. Paravicini Esq Queenhith B. Thorogood Esq Faringdon within Recorder Sir Tho. Jenner Chamberlain Mr. Ailworth Com. Serjeant H. Crisp Esq Townclerk W. Wagstaff Esq Vicechamberl J. Lane Esq The Colonels of the Six Regiments of the Trained Bands of London The Red Sir R. Vyner Green Sir Ja. Edwards Yellow Sir John Moor. Blue Sir Will. Pritchard Orange Sir Ja. Smith White Sir John Peake Post master of England E. of Arlington and under his Lordsh P. Froud Esq His Majesties Lieutenants of the several Counties of England Berks Duke of Norfolk Bucks Earl of Bridgwater Bedford Earl of Ailsbury Bristol Duke of Beaufort Cheshire Earl of Derby Cumberland E. of Ca●lisle Cambridge Lord Alington Cornwal Earl of Bath Devon Duke of Albem●rle Dorset Earl of Bristol Derby Earl of Devon Durham L. Bish of Durham Essex Duke of Albemarle Glocester Duke of Beaufort Hereford Duke of Beaufort Hertford E. of Bridgwater Huntingdon E. of Ailsbury Hampsh E. of Gainsborough Kent Earl of Winchelsea Lancashire Earl of Derby Leicester Earl of Rutland London L Mayor and the Lieutenancy Lincoln Earl of Lindsey Monmouth D. of Beaufort Middlesex and Southwark Earl of Craven Norfolk Duke of Norfolk Northampt. E. Peterborough Northumberl D. Newcastle Nottingham D. Newcastle Oxford Earl of Abingdon Purbeck Isle D. of Beaufort Rutland E. of Gainsborough Suffolk Earl of Arlington Surrey Duke of Norfolk Shropshire Visc Newport Stafford Earl of Shrewsbury Somerset D. of Somerset Sussex Earl of Dorset To wer Hamlets L. Alington Worcester E. of Plymouth Warwick E. of Sunderland Wilts Earl of Pembroke Westmorland E. Carlisle North and South-Wales Duke of Beaufort East Rid. York D. Somerset West Rid. E. of Burlington North Rid. V. Faulconbridge Vnder these are Deputy-Lieutenants who are most of the Principal Gentlemen of each County The Officers of His Majesties three Troops of Horse Guards The Kings Troop Captain Duke of Albemarle Lieutenants Aston Esq Edw. Villiers Esq Edw. Griffin Esq Cornet Sir Walter Clerges Guidon Major Binns The Queens Troop Captain Sir Philip Howard Lieutenants Sir Geo. Hewit Sir John Fenwick Cornet Charles Orby Esq Guidon Ph. Darcy Esq His Royal Highness's Troop Captain Earl of Feversham Lieutenants Colo. Worden Colonel Oglethorp Cornet Philip Darcy Esq Guidon Major Edm. Meine The Kings Regiment of Horse under the Earl of Oxford Lieut. Col. Aubrey E. Oxford Major Sir Francis Compton The Foot Guards The Kings Regiment Colonel Duke of Grafton Lieut. Col. John Strode Esq Major William Eyton Esq The Coldstream Regiment Colonel Earl of Craven Lieut. Col. E. Sackville Esq Major John Huitson Esq His Royal Highness's Regiment Colonel Sir Ch. Littleton Lieut. Col. Ol. Nicholas Esq Major Richard Baggot Esq The Holland Regiment Colonel Earl of Mulgrave Lieut. Col. Sir Tho. Ogle Major Windram Esq Governors of Countries Islands Cities Towns Forts and Garrisons Barbadoes Sir Ric. Dutton Bermudos Sir Hen. Heydon Berwick D. of Newcastle Carlisle Lord Morpeth Chepstow Duke of Beaufort Chester Sir Geof Shakerley Dover and Cinque-Ports Col. John Strode Gravesend and Tilbury Sackville Tufton Esq Guernsey Visc Hatton Holy Island Sir J. Fenwick Hull Earl of Plymouth Hurst Castle Ireland Duke of Ormond Jersey Island Sir J. Lanier Jamaica Sir Tho. Lynch Languard Fort Sir R. Manly Leeward Islands Sir Will. Stapleton St. Maws Sir Jos Iredenham Maryland Lord Baltimore New Engl. H. Cranfield Esq New York Col. Dungan Pensylvania Mr. Will. Penn. Pendennis Cast L. Arundel Plymouth and St. Nicholas Island Earl of Bath Portsmouth E. Gainsborough Sandown Cast Sir A. Jacob. Sherness Sir Cha. Littleton Scilly Is● Godolphin Esq Scarborough Cast Sir Tho. Slingsby Surat Jo Child Esq Presid Tinmouth Sir Ed. Villiers Virginia L. Howard of Effin Upnor Cast R. Minors Esq Isle of Wight Sir R. Holmes Windsor Castle Constable Duke of Norfolk General Officers Commissary General of the Musters H. Howard Esq Pay-master Gen C. Fox Esq Secretary at War William Blathwayte Esq Judge Advocate Clarke Esq His Majesties Consuls in several Parts of the World Alicant Tho. Jefferies Esq Alexandria Mr. Browers Aleppo Mr. G. Nightingale Argiers Mr. Sam. Martin Bayon Mr. Jo. Westcomb Barcelona Seignior de Roca Cadiz Sir Martin Westcomb Canaries Mr. Rich. Owen Carthagena Mr. Hen. Petit. Cyprus Mr. Sauva● Genoa Mr. John Kirk Lisbon Tho. Maynard Esq Legorn Sir Tho. D●reham Ma●aga Jam. Pendarvis Esq Marseilles Mr. Rob. Lang. Messina Mr. Ch. Ball. Naples Mr. Geo. Davies St. Sebastian Mr. Morgan Sevil Tho. Rumbold Esq Smyrna Mr. Will. Raye Tunis Mr. Fr. Baker Tripoly Mr. Rich. Baker Venice Mr. Jo. Hobson Zant Mr. Pendarvis The Names of the Nobility Lords Spiritual and Temporal Knights of the Garter and Deans of the Kingdom of England 1684. Dukes and Dutchesses James D. of York and Albany onely Brother to His Sacred Majesty Henry Howard D of Norfolk Cha. Seymour D. of Somerset Geo Villiers D. of Buckingham Chr. Monck D. of Albemarle Jam. Scot D. of Monmouth H. Cavendish D of Newcastle Barbara D. of Cleveland Lovisa de Querovalle D. of Portsmouth Cha. Lenos D. of Richmond Ch. Fitz Roy D of Southampt Hen. Fitz Roy D. of Grafton James Butler D. of Ormond Hen. Somerset D. of Beaufort Geo Fitz Roy D. Northumberl Ch. Beauclaire D. St. Albans Marquesses Cha. Paulet M. of Winchester Geo. Saville M. of Hallifax Earls and Countesses Aubrey de Vere E. of Oxford Cha. Talbot E. of Shrewsbury Anthony Grey E. of Kent Will. Stanley E. of Derby John Manners E. of Rutland Th. Hastings E. of Huntingd. Will. Russel E. of Bedford Tho. Herbert E. of Pembroke Edw. Clinton E. of Lincoln James Howard E. of Suffolk Charles Sackville E. of Dorset and Middlesex James Cecil E. of Salisbury John Cecil E. of Exeter Jo. Egerton E. of Bridgwater Phil. Sidney E. of Leicester Geo. Compton E. of Northampt. Edw. Rich E. of Warwick and Holland W. Cavendish E. of Devonsh Wil Fielding E. of Denbigh John Digby E. of Bristol Gilb. Holles E. of Clare Ol. St. John E. of Bolingbroke Cha. Fane E. of Westmorland C. Mountague E. of Manchest Tho. Howard E. of Berkshire Jo. Sheffield E. of Mulgrave Tho. Savage E. of Rivers

Jo. ●rap●nber Scul England's MONARCHS OR A Compendious Relation of the most Remarkable Transactions and Observable Passages Ecclesiastical Civil and Military which have hapned during the Reigns of the KINGS and QUEENS of ENGLAND from the Invasion of the Romans to this present Adorned with Poems and the Pictures of every Monarch from William the Conquerour to His present Majesty our Gracious Sovereign King CHARLES the Second Together with the Names of His Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council the Nobility Bishops Deans and Principal Officers Civil and Military in England in the Year 1684. By R. B. Author of the Admirable Curiosities in England The Historical Remarks in London and Westminster The late Wars in England Scotland and Ireland c. LONDON Printed for Nath. Crouch at the Bell in the Poultry near Cheapside 1685. TO THE READER IT is a common Imputation cast upon Englishmen by Forreigners that they are more solicitous to be acquainted with the Affairs and Transactions of other Nations and Countreys than to be throughly informed of the most remarkable Passages which have happened in their own though I must assert that I am not of their Opinion since having already published three small Tracts of the same price with this one called Admirable Curiosities Rarities and Wonders in every County of England c. Another Historical Remarks of London and Westminster And a third Intituled The Wars in England Scotland and Ireland in the Reign of K. Charles the First I have found they have received very great acceptation with the English Nation so that many thousands more of them have been vended than of others which have concerned Forreign Matters this gives me incouragement to emit this brief Collection of the most memorable Occurrences during the Reigns of the Monarchs of England from the Roman Invasion to this present wherein I have purposely omitted several very considerable Passages as being already inserted in the three Books aforementioned so that these four may now be reckoned to give a very satisfactory account of all remarkable Revolutions and Accidents in England for near sixteen hundred years past which must certainly be very diverting since at so small a price any Person may be accommodated with so many useful particulars both for Instruction and Discourse and may likewise observe that our Ancestors wanted nothing of the Wisdom Conduct and Gallantry of this celebrated Age and ought not therefore to be reckoned so rude and barbarous as our brisk and gentiel Wits are apt through ignorance and in observance to imagine they were since we may find the Policy Valour and Clemency of the most renowned Roman Heroes to be matcht if not outdone by many of our noble English Worthies which may be a sufficient encouragement to every English Spirit to read the following Manual and thereby oblige their Humble Servant R. B. ENGLANDS MONARCHS Or An Account of the KINGS of ENGLAND From the Invasion of the ROMANS to this Time HIstorians conjecture That Britain was inhabited before Noah's Flood and Jeffry of Monmouth relates That it was Peopled by Brute with his Trojans about twelve hundred years after But others think the whole of these Relations to be meerly Fabulous affirming That the first Inhabitants thereof were derived from the Gauls or French by reason of their Agreement in Laws Customs Speech Buildings and other Usages though we may judge that being meerly Barbarous they took no care to transmit their Original to Posterity or if they had writ any thing it would probably have been lost in so long a time and such great Alterations of Affairs Therefore the small Light we have concerning them is borrowed from Foreign Writers of which I shall give this brief Account The Ancient Britans painted their naked Bodies with divers Pictures of Living Creatures Flowers Sun Moon and Stars thereby as they imagined to appear more dreadful to their Adversaries yet some of the Civiler sort were clothed and as a great Ornament they wore Chains of Iron about their Wastes and Necks and Rings on their middle Fingers The Hair of their Head they wore long which was naturally curled in many all other Parts they shaved onely the upper Lip They had ten or twelve Wives apiece who lived in common among their Parents and Brethren yet the Children were onely accounted his who first married the Mother while she was a Maid They were brought up in common amongst them They were moderate in their Diet as Milk Roots and Barks of Trees and a little thing no bigger than a Bean which for a great while took away both Hunger and Thirst Neither would they eat Hens Hares Geese nor Fish yet would often dine upon Venison and Fruits Their usual Drink was made of Barley They are reported by Plutarch to have lived very long many to an hundred and twenty years They were Idolatrous Heathens as to their Religion using Mans Flesh in their Sacrifices and adoring a multitude of Idols Their Priests were called Druids who managed their Sacrifices and likewise acted as Temporal Judges in all Civil Matters and it was highly criminal not to abide by their Judgment They were excused from the Wars and all Contributions They had a Primate who commanded over them in Chief Their Divinity was That the Soul is Immortal and passeth from one Body to another Which Doctrine they taught not out of Books but by Word of Mouth Their Buildings were low mean Cottages like those of the Gauls or Boors of France yet they fortified several thick Woods with Rampiers and Ditches which they called Towns Brass and Iron Rings were the Coin they used which were of a certain weight but afterward they grew more Civil by Traffick and had both Gold and Silver Money Their chief Trade was in Chains Wreaths Ivory Boxes Bits and Bridles with some Toys of Amber and Glass Neither was their Shipping more considerable their chief Vessels being made of light Wood covered over with Leather Their usual way of Fighting was in Military Chariots neither did they engage in great Bodies but had still fresh Men to succeed those who retired or were weary Their Weapons were Shields and short Spears at the lower end whereof was fastned a round Bell of Brass with which they terrified their Enemies Many times they fought under the Conduct of Valiant Women who were extraordinary Courageous They managed their Chariots so dexterously that running down a steep Hill with all speed they could stop them in the middle of their Course When the Romans first arrived here the Island was divided into Britannia Prima which contained the South part of England Britannia Secunda was the Western part now called Wales and Maxima Caesariensis which comprehended all the Northern parts beyond the River Trent The first of which in the Britains time belonged to the Archbishoprick of London the second to that of Caerleon or Glamorgan the third to that of York Julius Caesar the first Discoverer thereof really imagined that he had found a New World it

sent for Edward the Son of Edmund Ironside out of Hungary who for his long absence was called the Outlaw but he dying soon after he declared Edgar the Outlaw's Son to be Heir and sirnamed him Atheling or Adeling a Term appropriated to the Presumptive Heirs of the Crown He had also a Daughter named Matilda who was married to the King of Scots and was Mother to David King of Scotland and Maud Queen of England When King Edward was on his Death-bed he observed all present weeping and lamenting for him to whom he said If you loved me you would forbear weeping and rejoyce because I go to my Father with whom I shall receive the Joys promised to the Faithful not through my Merits but by the free Mercy of my Saviour who sheweth Mercy on whom he pleaseth After the Death of Earl Godwin Harold his Son grew into great Favour with King Edward and was by him made Lieutenant of his Army against the Welch who with his Brother Tosto or Toston utterly subdued that Rebellion After which Harold still increasing more in favour with the King there grew such Hatred between the two Brethren that Tosto coming to Hereford slew all his Brothers Servants and cutting them in pieces salted them and put them into Powdering-tubs It hapned afterward that Harold going beyond Sea was by Tempest driven into Normandy and being seised and carried before Duke William he made him promise That after the Death of King Edward he would secure the Kingdom for him according to King Edward's Will Which Oath having taken Harold came back and told King Edward what he had done who seemed well content therewith saith the Historian which if it were true he had surely forgot his former Declaration concerning Edgar Ath●ling However after the Death of King Edward Harold neither regarding his Oath to Duke William nor Edgar's Right whom he despised for his tender Age caused himself to be Proclaimed King without any great Ceremony or Celebration none much approving or disapproving thereof And to ingratiate himself with the People he eased them of several severe Taxes laid upon them by his Predecessor and was affable and kind to all But this was a short Calm before a great Storm for soon after Duke William sent his Ambassadors to him to mind him of his Oath but he returned answer That it was extorted from him in his Imprisonment and therefore was no way obliging At this Answer the Duke was much inraged and prepared Forces for gaining the Kingdom by Force Neither was Harold idle but made Provision to withstand him At which time a dreadful Comet appeared in the Heavens which was then judged and after proved to be a fatal Omen During these Preparations Tosto Brother to Harold and Harfager King of Denmark with three hundred Ships invaded the Country landing in Yorkshire Harfager claiming the Crown as Son of Canutus but the Nobility of those Parts opposing them were routed which Harold hearing marched against them and at Stamford-Bridge he encountred them where his whole Army was withstood by one single Dane who slew forty of his Men and made good the Bridge till a Soldier in a Boat rowing under the Bridge thrust his Spear through a Crevice and so slew this valiant Champion After which the King fell upon the D nes and got an intire Victory over them killing King Harfager and Tosto his own Brother Olave the Son of Harfager and Paul Earl of Orkney were taken Prisoners with abundance more who begging their Lives the King ordered Twenty of their Three hundred Ships to carry them to Denmark with sad News of the loss of their King and his whole Army No sooner was this Storm over but a worse began for Duke William having prepared a great Army and Navy resolved for England having the free Consent of his Nobility for his Voyage many of them assisting him therein But first he sent to Pope Alexander to confirm his Title to the Crown who did it readily and withal sent him a Consecrated Banner an Agnus Dei and a Hair of St. Peter with a Curse to all Opposers to carry in the Ship wherein he himself sailed Being thorowly furnished he and his Men embarqued at St. Vallery where they staid a long time for a Wind at length setting Sail Sept. 28. 1066. he arrived with his Fleet at Pevensey in Sussex where as soon as he landed it hapned one of his Feet stuck so fast in the Sand that he fell to the Ground whereupon one of his Attendants catching him by the Arm and helping him up said Stand up my Lord and be of good Courage for now you have taken fast Footing in England and observing that he had taken up Sand and Earth in his Hand he added You have now taken Livery and Seisin of the Country it being the Custom that when Possession is taken of Land a piece of Earth is given to the Possessor A Wizard or Necromancer had told Duke William That he should safely arrive in England with his whole Army without any hindrance from Harold which after it came to pass King William sent for this Conjurer to confer further with him but it was told him That he was drowned in that Ship which alone of the whole Navy miscarried whereupon the Conquerour said He would never put confidence in that Science which was of more benefit to the Ignorant than the Skilful therein for it seems he could foresee my good Fortune but not his own Misfortune After his Landing the Duke set all his Ships on fire to assure his Men that they must either conquer or die He then marched toward Hastings declaring the Cause of his coming to be to inherit the Kingdom which was given him by King Edward and strictly charging his Soldiers not to wrong any of the People in the least since they were so soon to become his Natural Subjects He then sent Messengers to Harold either to deliver him up the Country and be subject to him or to fight it out in the sight of both Armies in single Combate or lastly to stand to the Pope's Determination But he returned answer That unless he did suddenly depart he would give him cause to repent this his rash Invasion and that the next day it should be tried by more Swords than One. Accordingly Harold marcheth couragiously against Duke William who put himself into a posture to receive him It hapned that the Morning before the Battel William's Armourer by mistake put on his Back-piece before and his Breast-plate behind which being observed by some of his Attendants was judged an ill Omen and therefore they advised him not to fight that Day To whom the Duke replied I value not such Fooleries but if I have any skill in Soothsaying as in truth I have none I am of the opinion it doth fore ell that I shall change my Condition and of a Duke shall this day become a King The Armies being Marshalled Harold placing the Kentish-men with their heavy Axes

or Halberts in the Van the Battel began both Parties fighting bravely one for the Liberty of their Country and the other for a Kingdom The Normans perceiving they could not break the united Strength of the English pretended to fly which the English believing pursued them in disorder whereupon the Normans taking the advantage rallied and charging them furiously in that disjoynted Posture made a very great Slaughter among the English and among the rest King Harold his Brother and most of the English Nobility fell that day and of the Common Soldiers Sixty seven thousand nine hundred seventy four Others report an hundred thousand were slain Duke William had three Horses killed under him yet received not the least Wound his Loss being onely as is said Six thousand Men. Thus died King Harold after onely nine Months Reign and was buried at Waltham Abby in Essex And it is very remarkable That whereas Harold with his Father Godwin had cruelly murdered Alfred the true Heir to the Crown and his Normans he was now by a Norman wounded in the left Eye with an Arrow whereof he immediately died This great Battel was fought at Hastings in Sussex on Saturday October 14. 1066. The English after this vast Loss had designed to make Edgar Atheling King but it was prevented by their private Animosities And thus ended the Saxon Monarchy in England which from Hengist in 475. to this Year had continued save onely some short Interruptions by the Danes Five hundred ninety one Years And here we shall begin to give a more particular Account of all the Monarchs who have Reigned in England till His present Majesty King CHARLES the Second whom God preserve WILLIAM the FIRST SIRNAMED THE CONQVEROVR King of England and Duke of Normandy BY bloody Battels Conquest and by Fate Rich Englands Crown and Kingdom I surpris'd I topsie-turvie turn'd the English State And Laws and Customs strange and new devis'd And where I Conquer'd there I Tyranniz'd In stead of Love making the People fear In raising Taxes I was exercis'd And Tributes greater than the Land could bear Yea and the Normans Fame the more to rear The English I forbid the English Tongue French Grammar Schools I instituted here And ' gainst this Nation added Wrong to Wrong At last my Crown Sword Scepter Conquests brave I left I lost and scarce could find a Grave DUke William after the Fight which from that time was called Battel-Field and an Abby of that name built there hastned toward London wasting the Counties of Kent Sussex Surrey Hantshire and Berkshire and crossing the Thames at Wallingford marched through Oxfordshire Bucks and Hartford hire and on Christmas day following was Crowned King at Westminster by the inforced Consent of the English Nobility who with outward Applause though with inward Grief and Discontent acknowledged themselves to be his Subjects the Kentish-men onely excepted by whom as he went to possess himself of the strong Castle of Dover he was intercepted in his March being encompassed by many valiant Soldiers who carrying green Boughs in their Hands seemed to be a moving Wood suddenly environed him and his Followers protesting That rather than they would basely lose their Privileges and be deprived of their ancient Laws and Customs they were resolved every Man to die in the Place The King considering his own Danger and their Resolution consented to their Demands and for their bold and generous Resolution he ever after honoured them with this Preheminence That the Men of Kent should lead the Van in the Field And thereupon the Earldom and Castle of Dover was delivered to King William Now what the Kentish-men obtained by Arms the Citizens of London procured by Art for one William a Norman being their Bishop they so prevailed with him and he with the King that he confirmed their former Charter written in the Saxon Tongue and sealed with Green Wax to this Effect William King greeteth William Bishop and Godfrey Portreeve and all the Burgesses that in London be French and English Friendly And I do you to wit That I will that you enjoy all the Law which you did in the Days of Edward King And I will That each Child be his Fathers Inheritor after his Fathers Days And I will not suffer that any Man any Wrong you offer God keep you King William having thus conquered the Kingdom used several Policies for securing it to himself For presuming that he was obeyed by the Natives more out of Fear than Love 1. He took Hostages of those that were dearest to the English either Sons or Nephews whom he sent into Normandy for securing their Fidelity 2. He deprived the English of all Offices both of Honour and Profit conferring them on his Normans 3 Because the Clergy were much reverenced by the People and concerned themselves in Temporal Affairs he ordained That they should concern themselves onely in Spiritual Matters 4. To take away all Hopes of regaining their Liberty he disarmed all the Natives and left them utterly disabled to make any Resistance 5. To prevent all Concourse or Meetings where they might have opportunity to condole their Miseries especially in the Night he commanded a Bell to be hung up in every Town Village and City to be rung at Eight a Clock every Night at which every Englishman was to put out his Fire and to keep himself within his House 6. To diminish the English Nobility he sent them to fight his Battels in Normandy and if any of them returned Victorious they were much discountenanced in stead of being rewarded The Common People were likewise used in the same manner being still ordered to endure the hottest Service in Fight both in France and Normandy 7. He erected strong Forts and Castles in several places of the Realm commanded by his Countrymen who made the least Crime committed by the English to be Capital to them 8. He deprived the Gentry and Clergy of their Plate and Money yea even that used in Churches alledging That Thieves Traytors and Rebels had hid them there to deceive him of his Forfeitures and support themselves against his Authority 9. He published divers severe Laws in the French Tongue whereby many English of great Estates did ignorantly transgress and the smallest Offences were made sufficient to seise their Estates which were violently taken from them without any Commiseration 10. He declared the Patents Grants and Charters of former Kings to be void and having seised them into his own Hands he sold them again to the true Owners for great Sums of Money which if they could not procure he gave them to his French and Normans 11. He took a general Survey of the Natives Lands and Cattel and then laid unreasonable Taxes upon them not regarding their Cries or Poverty 12. He erected new Courts of Justice for administring his new Laws and caused his Judges constantly to follow his Court that they might never act any thing which should displease him or gratifie the English 13. To give

the freer Access to the French and Normans if the English should rebell he plucked down and ruined Thirty six Churches with many Towns and Villages for many Miles even from Salisbury to the Sea making his New Forest there But this Offence did not escape unpunished for in this very Forest Richard the Kings second Son was goared by a Deer and died William Rufus his third Son was slain by an Arrow shot at an Hart and his Grandchild Robert Curtoyse being in pursuit of the Game was struck by a Bough into the Jaws and died there 14. His chief Pleasure being in Hunting he seised all Chases and Forests of the Kingdom into his Hands making very cruel Laws against such as presumed to hunt in them without License as the loss of Eyes Limbs and the like 15. He gave large Territories and Farms to his Favourites who leased them out to their Slaves and Servants creating them into Mannors and calling themselves Lords thereof He reserved some Tenures to himself whereby his Tenants were obliged to serve him in the Wars or attend his Person to which they were sworn in Publick Courts by which Tenure he disposed of their Heirs in Marriage having Possession of their Estates till they were Twenty one years of age By which Example other Great Lords did the like This was the Model of King William's sharp and severe Government wherein he rather used the Power of an insolent and lawless Conquerour than the Legal Administration of a gracious King whereby he was feared by many but loved by few and such as were most in favour with him were discountenanced upon every slight occasion These violent Proceedings especially in raising such intolerable Taxes occasioned a Rebellion in Devonshire and another in Northumberland the second Year of his Reign but his good Fortune soon suppressed them as it also did the next Year the Invasion of Swanus King of Denmark who was incited thereto by the English that fled thither for Succour from the Cruelty of King William but he no sooner saw them almost e're he made them fly back to their Ships and to revenge the Infidelity of the English he utterly destroyed their fruitful Lands about York and Durham so that the Ground lay waste nine years after and abundance of People died with Want and Famine The next year he summoned a general Convocation of the Clergy wherein he bitterly accused several grave and learned Bishops Abbots Priors and others of many pretended Crimes and Offences for which he absolutely deprived them of their Dignities and Estates which he bestowed on others either for Love or Money These insufferable Acts provoked Marcarus and Edwin the Earls of Northumberland and Mercia with Egilwyn Bishop of Durham to raise an Insurrection But the King quickly drove Edwyn into Scotland Marcarus was taken and imprisoned in the Tower of London where he long continued and the Bishop was inhumanely famish'd to death in Abington Abby At this time great difference arose about the Primacy of the Archbishops of Canterbury and York but at last it was adjudged in favour of the first and York submitted accordingly In his fifteenth year his eldest Son Robert by the instigation of Philip the French King rebelled against him in Normandy which occasioned his Father to go thither with an Army where he was so stoutly encountred that he was unhorsed and in great danger of his Life by his Son unknown but he hearing his Fathers Voice rescued him again and was after reconciled and received Pardon of his Father and the King with great loss returned again to England Soon after William to revenge divers Injuries and Affronts offered him by King Phi ip in Normandy went with a gallant Army into France where finding Odo Earl of Kent and Bishop of Bayeux his Brother by the Mother to hold secret Correspondence with the French King he complained thereof to the Lords whereupon Lanfrank Archbishop of Canterbury advised the King to commit him to Prison What says the King are you for committing a Clergy-man You need not said Lanfrank commit the Bishop of Bayeux but you may very justly imprison the Earl of Kent Which was done accordingly Sometime before this Pope Hildebrand dying a Magician told Odo That he foresaw he should succeed him upon which Odo having already swallowed the Papacy in thought sent Money the most prevailing Messenger to Rome before-hand and purchased himself a Palace there providing likewise for his Journey thither but King William for his Presumption and other Misdemeanours staid and committed him saying Offensive foolhardiness must be restrained in time While the King was in Normandy he fell sick and the French King hearing his Distemper was in his Belly scoffingly said Our Cousin William is now in Childbed Ah what a number of Candles must I offer at his going to Church Sure an hundred thousand will hardly be enough King William hearing of this Jest said Well I hope our Cousin of France shall be at no such Cost for after this my Childbirth at my going to Church I will saith he swearing by the Resurrection and Brightness of God find him a thousand Candles and light them all my self Alluding to the Candles that Women used to carry in that Age when they went to be Churched And soon after he performed his Word destroying the People Towns and Cities on the Frontiers of France with Sword and Fire but in burning the City of Mantz he came so near the flames that with the heat of his Harness he got a Sickness which being increased by the Leaping of his Horse burst the inner Rim of his Belly he being very Corpulent of which he soon after died at Roan Upon his Death-bed he said I appoint no Successor to the Kingdom of England but I commend it to the Eternal God whose I am and in whose Hands all things are He much lamented his Severity and Cruelty to the English Nation He was buried in the Abby of St. Stephen at Caen in Normandy though his Funerals were interrupted by a Norman Gentleman who would not permit him to be buried till he had received Satisfaction for that Ground which the Conquerour had unjustly taken from him Thus this victorious Conquerour whose Mind could not be confin'd to one Kingdom while he lived being dead could hardly get a place to be buried in The Charters and Conveyances in his Reign were not so tedious as now adays but very short and plain as appears by this following transcribed out of an Authentick Record I William King the third of my Reign give to Norman Hunter to me that art both leif and dear the Hop and the Hopton and all the Bounds up and down under the Earth to Hell above the Earth to Heaven from me and mine to thee and thine as good and as fair as ever they mine were To witness that this is sooth I bite the white Wax with my Tooth Before Jug Maud and Margery and my youngest Son Henry For a Bow and a broad

Arrow when I come to hunt upon Yarrow He caused a Seal to be made for himself whereon was engraven By this acknowledge William of Normandy to be your Patron But on the other side thus By this Seal you must know that the same is King of England In this Kings Reign lived Bevois or Bevis Earl of Southampton who not being able to endure the Oppression of the Normans gathered all the scattered Fragments of Englishmen whom desire of Liberty and hatred of the Conquerour had made willing to joyn with him associating to him likewise the Strength of the Danes and Welch who met at Cardiff in Wales But Success not depending upon Valour being unable to encounter such expert Soldiers as the Normans their Forces were routed and Bevis fled to Carlisle after which no credible Author relates what became of him Tho' the Monkish Writers have been very injurious to his Memory as well as of others who by repeating incredible things concerning them have made Posterity think there was no Truth in any of their Actions His Place of Residence is said to be Dunton in Wiltshire and his Sword was till of late kept as a Relique in Arundel-Castle not equalling in length that of King Edward the Third at Westminster King William left behind him three Sons Robert to whom he gave his Dutchy of Normandy William Rufus and Henry who both successively were Kings of England and one Daughter named Adela He was of an indifferent Stature strong Make and comly Behaviour of a stern Countenance undaunted Courage resolute in Action and quick in Execution He was discreet and Politick in managing his Affairs and Business yet it seems he perceived his own defect in some Cases for want of Learning and did therefore often excite his Sons to learn with this Saying That an Vnlearned Prince is but a crowned Ass Which Speech made such a strong Impression upon his Son Henry that by his Knowledge and Learning he obtained the Name of Beauclark or Fine Scholar King William feasted and hunted much coveted all oppressed the Conquered and still kept his dearest Friends in an awful regard of him He reigned Twenty years and ten months and died in the Sixty fourth year of his Age 1087. WILLIAM the SECOND SIRNAMED RVFVS WHat my Triumphant Father won I held I tax'd and poll'd this Kingdom more than he Great Tributes from my People I compell'd No Place in Church or Commonwealth was free But always those who most would give to me Their Suit obtained whether wrong or right The Clergy I compelled to agree To sell Church-Plate and Chalices out-right Vntil at last by the Almighty's Power My Kingly Force and Strength was Weakness made And all my Glory perish'd in an Hour My Pomp and Greatness vanish'd like a Shade For hunting in New-Forest void of Fear A Subject slew me shooting at a Deer AT the Death of William the Conquerour Robert his eldest Son Duke of Normandy being in Germany William the younger Brother hastned to London in the Company of Morcar and Wilnoth Sons to King Harold both released from Imprisonment in Normandy where soon after by the procurement of Lanfrank Archbishop of Canterbury and Bishop Wolstane who were reverenced by the People and by bestowing many costly Gifts he was soon after made King though most of the Prelates and States were for Robert Soon after Robert by the incitement of Bishop Odo came into England landing at Southampton to regain his Right with a gallant Army of Normans and many French whom King Philip of France had sent to his Aid with whom joyned several of the English But William by his fair Pretences and Promises to repeal the severe Laws and Taxes in his Fathers Reign prevailed with the People to appear for him with whose assistance he regained divers strong Forts and Castles which were seised by the Nobility for the Service of Robert and among others he besieged Rochester-Castle wherein was Odo to the gaining whereof he sent out Orders That all should repair to his Assistance under the Penalty of being accounted a Niding or Coward whereby the People came in such Numbers that the Castle was soon surrendred Odo banished and his Estate forfeited And afterwards Robert out of his peaceable Inclination and to prevent the effusion of Blood accepts of William's Proposals whereby he was to hold the Crown during his Life paying to Robert Three thousand Marks a year and that if he survived he should succeed William in England and so peaceably returns back to Normandy King William having now more surely fixed himself in his Possession of the Kingdom began presently to follow his Fathers Example endeavouring to humble the innate Courage of the English by heavy Oppressions and Impositions and taking it for a Maxim That Riches heightned but Poverty debased the Spirits of Men he laid severe Taxes upon the People which were levied with all kind of despite and cruelty by his ravenous Officers This caused much discontent of which Malcolm King of Scots taking the advantage and being affronted at the English Court he invaded the North Parts with a great Army killing burning and destroying all before him till at last he sate down before a strong Castle in Northumberland valiantly defended by Robert Mowbray the Earl thereof who at last pretending to surrender it and coming out of his Castle-gate well mounted with the Keys thereof fastned to his Lance in stead of delivering them in making low Obeisance to the King in token of Submission clapping Spurs to his Horse he suddenly ran upon the King and with his Lance pierced him into the Eye whereof he immediately died After which by the swiftness of his Horse he made his Escape leaving the amazed Scots to lament their irreparable Loss who returned back to Scotland with their breath'ess King Now Robert Duke of Normandy complaining of the Kings breach of Promise designed to transport an Army to England having again Assistance from the French But William resolving to make an Offensive War abroad raised Forces here with intent to invade● Normandy to the number of Twenty thousand who being ready to imbarque he proposed That whoever would give him 10 s. should be excused from going to Normandy which many willingly did whereby he raised a considerable Sum part of which being privately sent to the French King made him forsake his Ally so that Robert standing alone was soon perswaded to come to an Agreement After which they both joyn their Forces against their youngest Brother Henry who having notice thereof fortified himself in the strong Castle of Mount St. Michael in Normandy which they besieged wherein William was in great danger for some of the Besieged sallying out the King rode against them and was encountred by a Knight who killed his Horse under him and would have killed him too had he not known him by his Voice Whereupon the Soldiers with great respect mounted him on another Horse and he asking furiously who it was overthrew him the Knight stoutly

Sicily trembled at my Courage bold King Tancred bought his Peace and did agree To pay me Threescore ounces of pure Gold Whilst I abroad won Honour many ways Ambitious John my Brother vext my Realm In Austria I was Pris'ner many days Thus Floods of Troubles did me overwhelm At length I home return'd my Ransom paid But soon my Glory in the Grave was laid RIchard the eldest Son living of King Henry was in Normandy at the time of his Fathers Death and because there were many things amiss he was resolved to continue there some time but yet gave immediate Order for the Release of his Mother Queen Eleanor who was closely imprisoned by her Husband for the Death of Rosamond and her continual reproving him for his lascivious Course of Life And because she was very discreet virtuous and wise King Richard committed the whole Government of the Kingdom in his absence to her management who having experimentally known the Troubles and Sorrows of Prisoners and Captives she released such as were committed for small Offences and paid the Debts of divers others that they might be freed and in all things used great Moderation and Justice till the return of her Son who was received and Crowned King with much Joy and Solemnity And he imitating the mild Disposition of his Mother commiserating the Afflicted provided in the whole Course of his Government that Justice should be extended with Mercy toward all He conferred many Honours upon his Brother John whom he created Earl of Lancaster and gave him the Counties of Nottingham Devon and Cornwal marrying him to the Daughter and Heir of the Earl of Glocester from whom he had the Lordship of that County also but in stead of obliging him these Favours made him Ambitious and ingratefully to affect the Crown and to boast that his Parts and Endowments were sufficient to make him a King This King for his invincible Courage was the greatest Heroe at that time in the Christian World so that he was called Coeurdelion or the Lions Heart who would attempt any thing though never so difficult if it were honourable His Fathers great Treasure which he left behind him furnished him sufficiently with Gold and Silver but such was his contempt of Riches that he freely bestowed Gifts upon all deserving Persons and in a little time by his extreme Bounty had disposed of most of it not considering that future Occasions might cause great Expences as it soon appeared For in the beginning of his Reign the Pope by many strong Sollicitations and Promises of his Blessings persuaded him to go in his own Person and fight against the Saracens in the Holy Land and to recover Jerusalem from the Infidels which he at length undertook being assisted therein by Frederick Emperour of Germany Philip Augustus King of France Leopold Archduke of Austria and many other Christian Princes who had raised Men and Money and made all other Provisions to that purpose All entring into Covenants That their Rendezvouz should be in Sicily and that all the Wealth and Booty they should meet with should be equally divided among them These things being concluded though the Kings Liberality and Expences had made him necessitous yet he was resolved not to burden his People with any Tax to supply himself but raised great Sums of Money out of his own Estate and among others he sold the Castles of Berwick and Roxborough to the King of Scots for 10000 l. and the Lordship of Durham to Hugh Pudsey the Bishop thereof creating him likewise Earl of it laughing heartily while he was investing him and sa●ing I think I am very cunning and a Crafts master in my Business that can make a young Earl of an old Bishop He likewise sold divers Honours Mannors Offices Privileges and Royalties and many other things protesting That for performing that great and honourable Service ●● would be willing to sell his City of London if he could find any able to buy it rather than he would be chargeable to others Having thus provided himself with all Necessaries for his Journey and raised a gallant Army wherein were many Lords Knights and Gentlemen and gathered a Sum of no less than 1100000 l. he left the Principal Command of the Kingdom to William Longchampe Bishop of Ely the Popes Legat and Lord Chancellor of England concluding a firm Friendship with William King of Scots he then set sail for the Holy Land with a Royal Navy to the Island of Cyprus where Isacius the discourteous King in stead of relieving them with Necessaries pillaged and abused them whereat King Richard being enraged landed his Men and soon conquered the whole Kingdom carrying away the King and his Daughters Prisoners and selling the Country to the Knights Templars for 30000 Marks From thence according to Agreement he sailed to Sicily where he met Philip the French King Upon their first Enterview there was great Familiarity and Endearment betwixt them but Philip being denied any part of the Spoil of Cyprus both because he was absent and likewise King Richard affirming That the Agreement extended onely to such things as they should gain in the Holy Land Philip thereupon grew angry and discontented which Richard disregarded declaring publickly That let the French King do what he durst he should never be a Partner in that Booty Yet Philip knowing the Eyes of all Christendom were upon him would make no open Breach and so they again embarqued Tancred the Usurping King of Sicily having either out of love or fear given King Richard above 6000 Ounces of Gold before his departure Sailing from thence with a Navy of above 300 Ships they met with a rich Argosey or Ship with French Flags but Manned with no less than 1500 Turks and Saracens and all manner of Warlike Provisions as Fire-works Barrels and Cages of venomous Serpents all designed for the Relief of the City of Acon formerly called Ptolemais this Vessel he took drowning 1300 Saracens and then landing at Acon in company with King Philip they sate down before it there being already Christians of divers Nations as Genoways Florentines Flemings Almains Danes Dutch Pisans Friezelanders Lumbards and some English under Hubert Bishop of Sarum wich the Knights Templars and several Asians During the Siege Sultan Saladine beheaded 1500 Christian Slaves in revenge whereof King Richard killed 2500 Tarks in sight of their Army After a long and sharp Siege the City of Acon was taken upon the entring whereof a forward Knight advanced the Banner and Ensign of Leopold Archduke of Austria but King Richard seeing it he himself ran up to the Wall pluck'd them down and trampled them under his Feet whereat the French King was still more incensed speaking high Words but Richard slighting his Anger affirmed That if any were offended thereat they might do what they pleased since he had onely righted himself in those Injuries done against him and that he was ready to maintain what he had acted with his Sword in the Field King

into England he restored the Citizens of London their Charter which for some misdemeanors had remained forfeited in his Hands twelve years And then presently marches with a stout Army into Scotland the Rebels being again in Arms under the Conduct of a Valiant Commander called William Wallace who had routed Earl Warren's Forces taking an advantage against them as they passed over a Bridge near Sterling Castle Hugh Cressingham and many English being slain the Scots fleaing off his Skin and cutting it in pieces divided it among them The King proceeding toward Scotland called a Parliament at York and there summoned the Scots to appear at a Day appointed which they not regarding he marched forward with vast Forces and coming near the Enemy as he was putting his Foot in the Stirrup his Horse starting at the sudden shout of the Scots Army threw him down and striking with his Heels broke two of the Kings Ribbs however he proceeded to Battel and the Scots by the encouragement of Captain Wallace fought valiantly but were at length defeated with the loss of seventy thousand Scots at a place called Fawkirk after which he took several strong places and then returned into England where in a Parliament holden at London and Stamford he confirmed Magna Charta and Charta de Foresta and it was enacted That no Tax nor Subsidy should be laid upon the Kingdom without consent of the King Peers and People and for the better satisfaction of the Parliament he lest these words out of his Grants Salvo Jure Coron e nostrae saving the right of our Crown Upon the earnest request of the Pope K. Edward now inlarged John Baliol who travelled into France and there remained and soon after the Scots were again in Arms so that he entred the third time into Scotland with strong Forces where none durst abide him in the Field the Lords and Gentry of the Castle having fortified themselves so strongly in Sterling Castle that they thought it impregnable while he was employ'd in the Siege he was advised not to endanger his Person so much whom he answered in the words of David A thousand shall fall on my side and ten thousand at my Right hand but it shall not come near me yet doubting the Siege would be long he used this Policy he ordered two Galleries to be set up in view of the Castle and then by sound of Trumpet proclaimed his free pardon to the Besieged if they surrendred within the space of three days but othewise he denounced hanging too them all without respect of Persons or Quality the Besieged trusting more to the Kings mercy than their own defence delivered up the Castle and themselves King Edward then taking fresh Oaths of the Justices Mayors and Governours of Castles and Towns and having setled the Kingdom returned into England bringing with him as the Trophies of his Victory the Crown Scepter and Cloth of State He burnt their Records abrogated their Laws altered their form of Divine Service and transplanted their most learned men to Oxford he brought their Marble Chair wherein their Kings were Crowned to Westminster whereon this Prophetical Verse was graven Ni fallat fatum Scoti quocunque locatum Invenient Lapidem regnare tenentur ibidem Unless Old Prophets fail and Wizards Wits be blind The Scots shall surely Reign where they this Stone shall find Which was judg'd to be verified by the coming in of K. James After his return from Scotland the King made a general inquiry into the Misdemeanors and Oppressions of his Officers of all sorts whose number and offences were so many that the Fines laid on them filled his Exchequer and inabled him to pay off all his old debts At this time the Bishop of Chester complained grievously against Prince Edward that by the lewd advice of Pierce Gaveston he broke into his Park and destroyed his Game for which the Prince was committed to Prison and Gaveston banished not to return upon pain of death In his thirty third year a General Peace was proclaimed between England and Scotland and Robert Bruce with other Noblemen voluntarily swore Allegiance to K. Edward yet within less than a year after Bruce and his Confederates privately procured a Dispensation from Pope Boniface with an Injunction That he should not meddle with the Scots they being a Free Nation and immediately appertaining to the Roman Chappel and that therefore the City of Jerusalem could not but defend her Citizens and help those that did trust in the Lord like Mount Sion and therefore enjoined Edward not to lay any claim to the Soveraignty thereof the King having read it with a great Oath said I will not hold my peace for Sion nor Jerusalem 's sake so long as I have breath in my Body but will prosecute my Right which is known to all the World to be just and defend it to the Death But the Scots threatned him that if he would not desist the Pope would proceed further to which the King with a disdainful smile answered Have you done Homage to me as to the Chief Lord of the Kingdom of Scotland and do you now think to frighten me with Threats and Lyes as if I were not able to maintain my Right Let me hear no more of this for if I do I swear by the Lord I will destroy all Scotland from Sea to Sea To which the Scots answered that in defence of Justice and their Countreys Rights they would spend their last Blood Yet Edward to keep fair with the Pope sent the Earl of Lincoln to Rome to justify his proceedings but the Pope continued resolute whereupon in a Parliament holden at Lincoln a full defence was made for the King though with this Protestation that the thing did not exhibit the Tryal of Cause but only gave the Pope an Account thereof to satisfy his Conscience the Barons unanimously declaring That their Kings Rights were not to be try'd before any Tribunal under Heaven they resolving to defend the Independency of the Crown of England with all their might against all Persons whatsoever to which Declaration an hundred of the Peers Subscribed their Names These high Resolutions made the Pope decline his pretensions leaving the Scots to themselves over whom Edward constituted the valiant Lord Segrave to be Custos whom yet the Scots soon after in a Skirmish discomfited and took Prisoner but he was rescued with all his Company by Sir Robert Neville without the loss of one Man on his Part. After which the King marched thither with a great Army but the Scots fled to the Woods and Mountains and the King returned to London whither not long after Captain Wallace a Knights Son being betrayed was sent Prisoner and executed for High Treason and his Quarters set up in divers parts of Scotland Then Robert Bruce appeared with Forces but was routed and forced into the utmost Isles of Scotland yet afterwards recruiting he did much mischief against whom King Edward marching fell sick at Carlisle commanding his