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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
england_n	english_a	king_n	scot_n	6,292	5	9.4575	5	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A29627	An historical account of Mr. Rogers's three years travels over England and Wales giving a true and exact description of all the chiefest cities, towns and corporations in England, Dominion of Wales, and town of Berwick upon Twede : together with the antiquities, and places of admiration, cathedrals, churches of note in any city, town or place in each county, the gentleman above-mentioned having made it his whole business (during the aforesaid time) to compleat the same in his travelling, : to which is annexed a new map of England and Wales, with the adjacent parts, containing all the cities and market towns bound in just before the title.	Brome, James, d. 1719.; D. J.	1694 (1694)	Wing B4857; ESTC R39940	65,229	160

few Cathedral Churches but is now demolished There are accounted an Hundred and Thirty Parishes in this Shire We went next into Warwickshire It is bounded on the East-side with Northamptonshire Leicestershire and the Watling-street-way on the South with Oxfordshire and Glocestershire on the West for the greatest part with Worcestorshire and on the Northside with Staffordshire It is divided into a plain Champion and a woody Country which parts the River Avon running crookedly from North-East to South-West doth after a sort sever one from the other WARWICK is the principal Town of the whole Shire It standeth over the River Avon upon a steep and high Rock and all the Passages into it are wrought out of the very Stone It stands in a dry and fertile Soil having the benefit of rich and pleasant Medows on the South part with the lofty Groves and spacious Thickets of the Woodland on the North. It hath a very strong Castle the seat in times past of the Earls of Warwick the Town it self is adorned with fair Houses COVENTRY It is a City very commodiously Seated large sweet and neat was fortified with a strong Wall and is set out with right goodly Houses among which there rise up on high two Churches of rare Workmanship standing one hard by the other and matched as it were as concurrents the one consecrated to the Holy Trinity the other to Saint Michael One and the self same Bishop carried the name both of Coventry and Lichfield Leofrick the first Lord of this City being much offended and angry with the Citizens oppressed them with most heavy Tributes which he would remit upon no other condition at the earnest suit of his Wife Godina unless she would her self ride on Horseback Naked through the Greatest and most inhabited Street of this City which she did indeed and was covered with her fair long Hair and also a Proclamation was publish'd commanding all People to keep close within their Houses as also their Doors and Windows shut no Person on pain of Death to appear in that Street nor so much as to look into it whether out of a Window or otherwise upon which as she was riding along Naked one Man curious than Ordinary ventures to peep out of a Garret Window and being immediately discovered was Apprehended and Hang'd as by the Effigies of a Man that is continually kept up as a Memorandum in a full proportion looking out of a Garret Window and called by the Inhabitants Peeping Jack And thus she did set free her Citizens of Coventry from many Payments for ever At Gosford-Gate there hangeth to be seen a mighty great Shield-bone of a wild Bore or rather of an Elephant being not so little as a yard in length which Guy of Warwick slew in Hunting when he had turned up with his Snout a great Pit or Pond which is now called Swansewell but Swineswell in times past In this County there are an Hundred and Fifty Eight Parish Churches Worcestershire At the first entring on the Confines of this Shire we found it a very Healthfull and plentiful County One part is of Note for its excellent Cheese but mostly for its great number of Pear-trees growing all along the very Hedges of which the Inhabitants make a very pleasant Drink called Perry 't is likewise very full of Salt Pits and hath formerly been admir'd for the abundance of Salt-Springs which have very oft been discovered in this County but that which makes it most renowned is the River Severn which streams along the County This as also the River Avon which comes out of Warwickshire are well replenished with all sorts of Fish but more particularly seem to have been designed on purpose as Stews and Ponds for the preservation of Lampreys a Fish of great Esteem in that Country and sent far and near as a very great present throughout divers parts of England They are called Lampreys from the Latin word Lampretra as if they had their Denomination from licking of Rocks they are like Eels slippery and blackish however on their Bellies they are of a blewish Collour in the Spring they are most wholesome and sweet for in the Summer the part which is to them instead of a Back-bone waxeth very hard Naturalist observe that these Fish receive and let in Water at seven Holes for that they have no Gills visible at all the Romans allways thought this a very Noble Dish and when any Person of Quality desired a Sumptuous Feast he would be sure to be provided with these and the Italians at this day are very much delighted with them and upon that Account are very exquisite in their Dressing of them and consequently by their Cookery make them exceeding delicate to the taste The first Town of Note we came to in this County was the City of WORCESTER It is the chief City of this County and gives its Name to it the River Severn which in other parts of the County runs along in a swift Currant here glides more softly with a more gentle Stream admiring as it were this City as it passeth by It is famous both for its Antiquity and Beauty 't is supposed that the Romans built it at that time when they first planted Cities on the Eastern-side of the Severn to hinder the Incursion of the Britains who were on the other side even as they did on the South-side of the Rhine in Germany to repress the Germans and keep them within their own Boundaries 'T is situated partly upon the brow of a Hill rising with a gentle Ascent and hath a very fair Bridge over the River and is of great Repute by Reason that the Citizens are generally great Clothiers The Houses are Neat and well Built the Streets clean and well Paved the Churches in Number many in Order and Beauty excellent but especially the Cathedral built many Hundred Years since in this Church are divers small Pillars all of pure Marble which stand in Rows and do uphold that vast Bulk and Fabrick somewhat strange to see the Body larger then the Supporters that so small props should be able to bear up so great a Weight This City hath suffered great Calamities by Fire having almost been quite Burnt up by the Danes three times and in the Year 1113. by an unknown Casualty and once again in the Reign of King Stephen And sure I am 't is not long since it fell into the Hands of some Barbarous and merciless Rebells who were as raging as the Flames and whose Fury was as unquenchable as the Fire Witness the grevious Pressures it groaned under for its Loyalty Love and Obedience to the King in the Year 1651. For here it was That after His Majesties long Exile he arived with an Army of Scots and some English the 22 d. of August and by the Assistance of the Citizens beat out the Soldiers who kept it for the Common-wealth and being Proclaim'd by the Mayor that then was and one of the Sheriffs King of England Scotland France

the Charters by which the Scotch King stood obliged to do Homage to the King of England and thereupon ensued a great War betwixt them for King David being spurred on by the French King Invaded England and having made a great Road into the Northern Counties and spoiling and burning every where as they went along at length at Durham his Army was routed and himself taken Prisoner being first sent to the Tower afterward committed to this Castle where during his consinement he engraved upon the Walls of his Deportment the History of our Saviour's Death and Passion the Relicts of which are still to be seen After eleven Years Imprisonment he was restored against to his Kingdom by paying a good Ransom for his Liberty but before he returned he was one of the four Kings that was nobly Treated by Henry Picard a Vintner then Lord Mayor of London These were the four Kings Edward the Third King of England John King of France David King of the Scots and the King of Cyprus together with Edward The Black Prince all bearing him company at the same Table this was about the Year 1358. But before I leave this Town I cannot but take notice of one thing more memorable in our Age this being the first place where King Charles the First set up his Royal Standard against the Rebels in the late unhappy Wars and when the King's Forces were forced to leave it the Castle was quite demolished We went from hence to view the Chair of Robin-Hood of which it follows Having pleasured our selves with the Antiquities of this Town we took Horse and went to visit the Well and ancient Chair of Robin-Hood which is about a Mile within the Forest of Shirwood Being placed in that Chair we had a Cap which they say was his very formally put upon our Heads and having performed the usual Ceremonies befitting so great a Solemnity we received the Freedom of the Chair and were incorporated into the Society of that renowned Brotherhood but that we may not receive such Privileges without an honourable mentioning of the Persons that left them to Posterity know we must that the Patent was bequeathed to the inferior Rangers of this Forest by Robin Hood and Little John honourable Personages indeed being the chief Lords of some most renowned Robbers in the Reign of King Richard the First This same Robin Hood entertained one Hundred tall Men all good Archers with the Spoil he daily made himself Master of whom four Hundred tho' every way well Accoutred to give Battel durst scarce make an Onset He suffered no Woman to be violated oppress'd oa any ways molested poor Men's Goods he spared and did relieve them very liberally with what he got from the rich Carles He killed none and by this means he did for a long time keep up the Order of Knight Errants Having for some time pleased our selves with our new Brothers that very curteously entertained us we went from hence into Yorkshire The County of York is the greatest Shire by far of all England and is thought to be in a temperate measure fruitful If in one place there be stony and sandy barren ground in another place there are for it Corn-fields as rich and fruitful if it be void and destitute of Woods here you shall find it shadowed in another place with most thick Forests The Length extendeth from Hart-hill in the South to the Mouth of Tees in the North which is near seventy Miles the breadth from Flambrough-head to Horn-Castle upon the River Lun is Eighty the whole circumference three hundred and eight Miles HELMSLEY a Mannor in Yorkshire hath two Parks and a Chase in it said to be about 146 Miles in compass and had 40000 Timber-Trees and 200 Acres of Wood. There are many Free-holders there The whole Shire is divided into 3 parts which according to the 3 Quarters of the World are called The West-Riding The East-Riding The North-Riding West-Riding for a good while is compassed in with the River Ouse with the bound of Lancashire and with the South limits of the Shire and beareth toward the West and South East-Riding looketh to the Sun-rising and the Ocean which together with the River Derwent encloseth it North-Riding reacheth Northward hemmed in as it were with the River Tees with Derwent and a long race of the River Ouse YORK is the fairst City in all this County and deservedly reputed the Second of England for its Greatness and Munificence the pleasantness of its Situation the Buildings are stately and beautiful The whole City is rich glorious and honourable both in respect of its being governed by a Lord Mayor who moderates in all Cases of Temporal Affairs as also by an Archbishop who is Judge in all Spiritual Matters The River Ouse flowing with a gentle Stream from the North part cutteth it in twain and divided as it were into two Cities which are conjoined with a stone Bridge having one mighty Arch. There is a Cathedral Church dedicated to Saint Peter an excellent fair and stately Fabrick near unto which there is the Prince's House commonly called The Mannour York was a Colony of the Romans Ptolomey and Antonine and also by a piece of Money coined by the Emperour Severus in the reverse whereof we read COL EBORACUMLEG VI. VICTRIX Severus had his Palace in this City and here at the hour of death gave up his last breath with these words I entered upon a State every way troublesome and I leave it peaceable even to the Britains There are many fine Seats of Persons of Quality by reason of the Pleasantness of its Soil which abounds in Plenty of all things and for Pleasure and Recreation it affords the most of any County in England In the North-Riding of this County is Ounsbery-Hill or Rosebery-Topping which mount-up a mighty height and maketh a goodly shew a farre off so often as the Head thereof hath his cloudy Cap on lightly there followeth rain whence they have a proverbial Rhime When Rosebery-Topping wears a Cap Let Cliveland then beware a clap I could have particuliz'd several other Towns and Villages in this Shire but what has been related is most material and again the Volume is but small and would not bear it In this County there are 459 Parishes under which are very many Chappels for number of Inhabitants equal unto great Parishes We went from hence into the Bishoprick of Durham of which it follows Durham The chief Town in Latin Dunelmum a County Palatine and a Bishop's See 't is situated upon a Hill and encompassed almost round by the River Were is also shaped in form of an Egg and strongly fortified both by Art and Nature There is a stately Cathedral which makes a fine and lofty shew with an high Tower in the midst and two Spires at the West end The County in general is very pleasant and rich in its Mountains with Iron and Coals and its Vallies with Corn and Grass But before I leave this County

I cannot omit the mentioning of a certain place near Derlington which is 3 Pits full of Water of a wonderful depth called by the common People Hell Kettles concerning which Sir Richard Baker in his English Chronicles gives this Account That in the 24th Year of King Henry the Second the Earth in this place lifted up it self in the manner of an high Tower and so remained from Morning till Evening unmoveable and presently after that time fell with so horrible a noise that it affrighted all the Inhabitants thereabouts and the Earth swallowing it up made those 3 deep Pits which are still to be seen The next place we took notice of was Northumberland The Ground appears to be very barren and rough and is Mountainous and Rocky in many parts of it Towards the Sea and Tine by diligence and good Husbandry it becometh fruitful but elswhere 't is hard and rugged By reason of the sharpness of the Air and coursness of the Soil the Inhabitants are lookt upon and esteem'd to be a War-like People and excellent Light-horsemen The Nobility and Gentry of the North are of great Antiquity and can produce more ancient Families than any other Part of England many of their Gentry taking date before the Conquest the rest came in with William the Conqueror NEW-CASTLE upon TINE so called because Robert de Curtois Son of William the Conqueror built there a New Castle out of the ground against the neighbouring Scots the very Eye of all the Towns in these Parts enabled by a notable Haven which Time maketh being of that depth that it beareth very tall Ships and so defendeth them that they can neither be easily tossed with Tempests nor driven upon Shallows and Shelves The Town is situated on the rising of an Hill adorned with four Churches and fortified with strong Walls which have 7 Gates in them with many Towers It is wealthy partly by entercourse of Traffick with the Germans and partly by carrying out Sea-coals wherewith this Place aboundeth both into foreign Countries and also into other parts of England BERWICK is the utmost Town in England and the strongest hold in all Britain It is well near compassed about with the Sea and Twede together Upon the West of Northumberland the Picct's Wall is to be seen of great height and almost whole There are about 46 Parishes in Northumberland Cumberland This County is like the rest of the Northern Counties and hath a sharp piercing Air the Soil is fertile for the most part both with Corn and Cattel and in some parts hereof with Fish and Fowl Here are likewise several Minerals which have of late been discovered not only Mines of Copper but Veins of Gold and Silver too have been found here as I was credibly inform'd and of all the Shires we have it is accounted the best furnished with the Roman Antiquities Nor it is no less renowned for its high Mountains than for its Mines of which there are three Skiddow Lanvellin and Casticand and these Words goes much concerning the height of them Skiddow Lanvellin and Casticand Are the highest Hills in all England CARLISLE is commodiously Situated and is fortified with a strong Wall Castle and Cittadel the Cathedral Church there being formerly a very stately and magnificence Structure adorned with rare Ornaments Not far from this City is a Trophy of Victory as is supposed called by the Country People Long-Megg and her Daughters being Seventy and seven Stones each of them Ten Foot high above-ground and one of them is fifteen foot There are in Cumberland 9 Market-Towns and 58 Parishes Westmorland It is so called because it lieth amongst Moors and high Hills and was for the most part unmanured such barren places the Northern Englishmen call Moors and Westmoreland is a Western Moorish-county The Air is sharp and cold KENDALE-KIRKE by Kendale a very great Town of Trade and Resort with two broad and long Streets crossing the one over the other a place excellent for Cloathing and for Industry so surpassing that in regard thereof it carrieth a great Name For the Inhabitants have great Traffick and vent of their Woollen-cloaths throughout all parts of England APELBY memorable for its Antiquity and Situation only It standeth in a pleasant Site encompassed for the most part with the River Eden for its Antiquity it deserves to be counted the chief Town of the Shire The Castle is the common Goal for Malefactors and the Sessions and Assizes are there kept In this Shire are contained 26 Parishes Lancashire It is a large populous and well wooded County The County Palatine of Lancaster famous for the four Henries the Fourth Fifth Sixth and Seventh Kings of England derived from John Gaunt Duke of Lancaster is upon the South-confined and parted by the River Mersey from the County Palatine of Chester the County of Darbyshire bordering upon the East the large County of Yorkshire together with Westmorland and Cumberland being her kind Neighbours upon the North and the Sea called Mare Hibernicum imbracing her upon the West Their Kine and Oxen have goodly Heads and fair spread Horns and are in body well proportionate withal but the Ground for the generality is Hilly and Mountainous MANCHESTER a Town of great antiquity from Main a British Word which signifieth a Stone It is seated upon a stony Hill and beneath the Town there are most famous Quarries of Stone It far excelleth the Towns lying round about it for the Beautiful shew it carrieth for resort unto it and for Cloathing In regard also of the Mercate place the fair Church and Colledge LANCASTER or Loncaster from the River Lone the chief Town of this Region I shall now give a short Account of the Seven Wonders which are as follows The First Wonder Is at the Divel's Arse near a Village called Castleton sufficiently Noted for that wide Subterraneons Cavarn known by the Name of the Devil's Arse which runs under the Hill upon which the Castle stands and at its Entrance it is Large and Capatious tho' the further you go in the more narrower it is Contracted within the Mouth of it are several poor Cottages Erected the top of this Cave is an exceeding great Height and appears to the Eye as if it were Arched above and Chequer'd with diversity of culloured Stones At the Entrance the poor People are very ready to attend with Candles and Lanthorns to conduct Strangers in tho' it belonged to Satan's Territories and it is very Dark and Slippery by reason of several Currants of Water which runs along the Cave which puts a stop to your Journey there is a Story of a Shepherd that past over all these Currents and at last came into a very fair and delightful Meadow which savours too much of a Romance to be credited however 't is supposed could all these Waters once be gone over there might be made some new Discoveries but it is a dismal place both for its Name and Nature and hath so near a Relation to

the Diabolical Regions The Second Wonder Is Mamtar 't is a high steep Cliff and from the top of which Cliff or Rock the Sand tho' the Air be never so Calm doth continually trickle to the bottom Night and Day and now and then great Stones fall down with a very great Noise and do much affright the poor Neighbouring Inhabitants On the top of it bubbles up a Fountain which in some places streams down the Cliff The Third Wonder Is a Fountain which Ebbs and Flows like the Sea receiving an influence from the Moon and observing the same regular Motions by which the Ocean it self continually is regulated The Fourth Wonder Is called the Marble Stones by their orderly Dispositions into several rows one row higher than another it seems rather to be the contrivance of Art than of Nature but that we ought not to Derogate from that great Parent whose production are continually Rare and Unimitable The Fifth Wonder Is Elden Hole near unto the Fourth Wonder 't is reputed a bottomless Abyss and could never as yet by any Art be Fathomed The Mouth of it is wide and craggy but the inward recesses contracted and intrecate There is a Story that they let a Man down by Ropes and Candles to light him to give an Account of this infernal Pit but paid dearly for his Presumption with the loss of his life for his Boldness The Sixth Wonder Is Buxtons-Well about two Miles from the fifth Wonder it glories in a hot Well 't is inclosed in a very fair Stone Building erected formerly by the Earl of Shrewsbury the Operation is very near to that of the Cross Bath having two Springs of Water the one within a hand breadth of the other and one is Hot the other cold as Ice The Seventh and last Wonder Is Pool Hole 't is a Hollow Cave under a very high Rock bearing some resemblance with that by the City of Wells called Ochy Hole but not containing in it self half so great Varieties From hence we went into Cheshire It is a County Palatine and of great Note for plenty of several Commodities as also for most excellent Cheese and the Men and Women are generally Acounted very Handsome here There is in this County great store of Salt-Springs Mettals and Mines and in the River Dee is plenty of Salmons on the South part of Cheshire Trees are very frequently found by Diging under the Ground which is believed have been here ever since Noah's Flood The chief Town of this County is West Chester a City famous for its Antiquity and Situation and no less for its Renown 't is Built in the form of a Quadrant with very spacious Houses neat and uniform and environed with a very strong Wall and hath a Castle stands upon a high Hill near the River Dee strongly Fortified Here are several Churches which are very Antient and goodly Fabricks but especially for the Cathedrals The Houses are very fairly Built and along the chief Streets are Galleries or Walking-places they call them Rows haing Shops on both sides through which a Man may walk dry from one end to another NANTWICH which the River Wever first visiteth is reputed the greatest and fairest built Town of all this Shire after Chester It is called the White-wich or Salt-pich because the whitest Salt is there boiled This Shire containeth 13 Market Towns and 68 Parishes We went next into Shropshire Or the County of Salop is for the most part Rich in Corn and Cattle and glories in in its most famous City of Shrewsbury which is compassed almost round by the River Severn having two fair Bridges upon it and is Fortified both by Art and Nature It is like a Horse-shew in the opening place and doubtless deserves the Observation of all Travellers more than any Town or City in this Nation and is built upon the Riseing of a Hill the Churches are very fair and Spacious it is inhabited with both Welsh and English speaking both Languages One of their Rarities there is their Cakes such as cannot be made so well in any other place of England and many things here is very observable which I shall not mention because they have been allready so well set fourth by other Pens From hence we went into LUDLOW is one of the chiefest Towns in this County and is of greater Antiquity than Beauty 't is Situated by a pleasant River and is famous for its Castle built by Roger Earl of Mountgomery who environed it with a Wall a Mile in compass afterwards when Robert Earl of Shrewsbury and Eldest Son to Mountgomery was taken in his Rebellion against Henry the First and was banished out of the Land the King took this Castle into his own Hands after this it was given away from the Crown by King Henry the Second and came into the Family of the Lacys and Mortimors at last to be the inheritance of the Princes of Wales And by this means beginning to be in great request the Inhabitants erected a very large Church to make it more Famous and in a little time it excelled all its Neighbourhood and out-shin'd them in Lustre and Dignity for King Henry the Eighth instituted here the Counsel of the Marches of Wales in which he Ordered there should be a President Secretary Attorney and Solicitor four Justices of some of the Neighbouring Counties of Wales and as many other Privy Counsellours as the Prince of Wales should Elect to be Assistant to himself in this Court being erected for his own particular Use and Service We staid in this Town but two Nights and went from hence into Staffordshire Is very Rich in Pasture and Cattle and enriched by the River Trent Trigenta as some will have it because there are Thirty several Streams or Rivolets which run into it or Thirty several sorts of Fish which Swims within its Streams However 't is very Advantageous to the whole County the first Town of Note we came to in this County was STAFFORD is situated on a pleasant Soil sweet Air Environed with a Wall and Fortified with Gates and adorned with two Churches and a Spacious Free-School and a large Market-place and the Houses very Handsome and Beautiful it is Governed by a Mayor and Aldermen not far from the Town are to be seen the Ruins of an old Castle Situated upon a Hill heretofore belonging to the Barons of Stafford LICHFIELD This City is low Seated of good Largeness and Fair withall divided into two parts with a shallow pool of clear Water which Parts notwithstanding join in one by the means of two Bridges or Causeys made over that have their Sluces made to let out the Water It was beautified with a very goodly Cathedral Church which being round about compassed with a fair Wall-Castle-like and garnished besides with fair Houses of Prebendaries and with the Bishop's Palace also mounting up on high with three Pyramids or Spires of Stone making a lovely shew and for elegant and proportional Building it did yield to

Showers or otherwise besides it is observed this Spring never riseth up to the top brink or over-floweth ABERBARRY Cave There is in this Shire a Cave so called under the bottom of a Hill and on the top of it a gaping Chinck where many times is heard as it were a Musical-noise and sometimes other very strange Noises which is very observable for all Travellers to take notice of LANDAFF a small Town but of good Repute in that it is a Bishop's See and adorned with a Catheral-Church Carmardenshire A most hilly Country yet it hath a wholsome Air and though the Soil be not very fruitful in Corn 't is well stored with Cattel and in some places yeilds very good Pit-coal for Fuel On the South side the Ocean hath with so great violence encroached upon the Land that the Country seems to have shrunk back in a fright and withdrawn it self more inwardly for security The Cave and Well near Carreg-Castle Near Carreg-Castle are many Undermines or Caves of very great wideness within the ground now covered all over with Green-sword and Turf wherein it is probable the Multitude unable to bear Arms when the Normans made their first Incursion into these Parts hid themselves during the heat of the War There is also a Well that like the Sea Ebbs and Flows twice in 24 hours Pembrokeshire Hath a good temperate Air considering it lies so near to Ireland the Inhabitants are many of them Dutchmen but by their Manners and Language they are much like the English that upon this Account this County is called Little England beyond Wales In the Rocks of this Shire there breeds a rare kind of Falcon which is thus described The Head is flat and low the Feathers laid in rows the Legs pale and wan the Claws slender and wide spread hooked round About 300 Years a-go it was reported That for five Generations the Father of the Family in the Earldom of Pembroke their Name was Hastings never saw his Son At the time when Henry the Second made his Abode in Ireland there were extraordinary violent and lasting Storms of Wind and Weather so that the Sandy-shoar on the Coasts of this Shire were laid bare to the very hard ground which had lain hid for many Ages and by farther search the People found great Truncks of Trees which when they were digged up were apparently lopped so that they might see the Stroaks of the Ax upon them as if they had been given not long before the Earth looked very black and the Wood of these Truncks altogether like Ebony as the Inhabitants informed us At the first discovery made of these Storms the Trees we spake of lay so thick that the whole Shoar seemed nothing but a lopped Grove from whence may be gathered That the Sea hath over-flowed much Land on this Coast as it had upon the Shoar of many Countries bordering upon the Sea The Salmon's-Leap at Kilgarran About Kilgarran are abundance of Salmons taken and there is a place called The Salmon's-Leap as there is also in other Rivers for this reason The Salmon coveteth to get into fresh-water Rivers to Spawn and when he comes from places where the Water falls down-right almost perpendicular as some such like Places there be he useth this Policy He bends himself backwards and takes his Tail in his Mouth and with all his force unloosing his Circle on a sudden with a smart Let-go he mounteth up before the Fall of the Stream and therefore these down-right Falls are called The Salmon's Leaps St. DAVIDS is in this County formerly an Arch-Bishop's See There is a Cathedral erected in the Time of King John and near unto it stands the Bishop's Palace and several other Houses belonging the Bishop's See all enclosed round with a Wall whereupon they call it The Close Cardiganshire Being a hilly Mountainous County like the rest of Wales was not formerly planted or garnished with Towns but little Cottages as may be gathered by that Speech of their Prince who being taken Prisoner and carried to Rome after he had throughly viewed the Magnificence of that City What mean you said he when you have such stately Buildings of your own to covet our poor small Cottages Many other things here might be mentioned in relation to this County but I must omit them by reason I have not room enough Montgomeryshire In this Shire there is nothing more observable than its excellent Breed of Horses which as I have been informed are of most excellent Shapes and strong Limbs and incomparable for Stoutness The Hill Plim-limmon It raiseth it self up to a wonderful height and on that part where it boundeth on part of this Shire it poureth forth the Severn the greatest River in Britain next the Thames as likewise in the other parts of it riseth the River Wye and the River Rideal The Hill Cerdon Upon Cerdon Hill are placed certain Stones in a round Circle like a Coronet in all probability to commemorate some notable Victory In this County are several old Castles and other things very observable Merionethshire The Air may be wholsome but the Soil is very barren for 't is exceeding full of spired Hills being the most mountainous place in Wales except Caernarvonshire upon which account it is subject to many and extraordinary great Winds The Pool near Bala Near Bala is a great Pool of Water that drowns at least 200 Acres of ground whose Nature is such as they say That the Highland Floods cannot make this Pool swell bigger though never so great but if the Air be troubled with violent Tempests of Wind it riseth above the Banks The River Dee runs into with a swift Stream and glides through it without mixture of Water for in this Pool is bred a sort of Fish which are never seen in Dee and in Dee River Salmons are taken which are never found in this Pool Upon the Sea-Coasts of this County great store of Herrings are taken at time of Year and upon the West side of it the Sea beats so sore and hard that it is thought it has carried away part of it Caernarvonshire In this County the Air is sharp and piercing and in it are the highest Hills in Wales on some of which the Snow lies long and on others all the Year long hard crushed together 'T is affirmed likewise That on the high Hills of this Shire are two Meres one of which produceth Fish that have but one Eye and the other a floating Island I do not verifie the truth of this because I think it meer Fables SNOWDEN-HILLS altho' they have always Snow lying upon them yet they are exceeding rank with Grass insomuch that they are become a Proverb amongst the Welshmen That those Mountains will yeild sufficient Pasture for all the Cattle in Wales if they were put upon them together and 't is certain that there are Pools and standing Waters upon the top of these Mountains and they are so coated with a snowy Crust that lies on