in_o northumberland_n and_o be_v with_o much_o rejoice_v receive_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n but_o before_o he_o can_v secure_v himself_o in_o the_o government_n he_o be_v shameful_o banish_v the_o country_n and_o so_o the_o northumbrian_n elect_v one_o hircius_n the_o son_n of_o harold_n for_o their_o king_n but_o to_o show_v the_o inconstancy_n of_o a_o unsettled_a multitude_n they_o soon_o grow_v weary_a of_o hircius_n and_o after_o three_o year_n space_n expel_v he_o and_o voluntary_o submit_v themselves_o to_o edred_n who_o after_o he_o have_v reign_v eight_o year_n dye_v and_o be_v bury_v at_o winchester_n to_o he_o succeed_v edwin_n the_o son_n of_o edmund_n a_o man_n so_o immoderate_o give_v to_o venety_n that_o he_o forcible_o marry_v another_o man_n wife_n for_o which_o and_o other_o irregularity_n his_o subject_n after_o four_o year_n reign_v set_v up_o his_o brother_n edgar_n who_o be_v crown_v in_o his_o stead_n with_o a.d._n 958_o grief_n of_o which_o he_o soon_o end_v his_o day_n the_o summer_n that_o same_o year_n prove_v so_o immoderate_o hot_a that_o it_o cause_v a_o very_a dismal_a plague_n in_o the_o follow_a spring_n which_o sweep_v away_o a_o great_a number_n of_o people_n before_o which_o gwgan_n the_o son_n of_o gwyriad_n the_o son_n of_o roderie_n die_v at_o this_o time_n jevaf_a and_o jago_n forcible_o manage_v the_o government_n of_o all_o wales_n and_o act_v according_a to_o their_o own_o good_a pleasure_n no_o one_o dare_v to_o confront_v or_o resist_v they_o but_o for_o all_o their_o power_n the_o son_n of_o abloio_n king_n of_o ireland_n venture_v to_o land_n in_o anglesey_n and_o have_v burn_v holyhead_n waste_v the_o country_n of_o lhyn_n also_o the_o son_n of_o edwin_n the_o son_n of_o colhoyn_n destroy_v and_o ravage_v all_o the_o country_n to_o a.d._n 961_o towyn_n where_o they_o be_v intercept_v and_o slay_v about_o the_o same_o time_n die_v meyric_n the_o son_n of_o cadfan_n rytherch_n bishop_n of_o s._n david_n and_o cadwalhon_n ap_fw-mi owen_n not_o long_o after_o the_o country_n of_o north-wales_n be_v cruel_o a.d._n 965_o waste_v by_o the_o army_n of_o edgar_n king_n of_o england_n the_o occasion_n of_o which_o invasion_n be_v the_o nonpayment_n of_o the_o tribute_n that_o the_o king_n of_o aberffraw_n by_o the_o law_n of_o howel_n dha_n be_v oblige_v to_o pay_v to_o the_o king_n of_o london_n but_o at_o length_n a_o peace_n be_v conclude_v upon_o these_o condition_n that_o the_o prince_n of_o north-wales_n instead_o of_o money_n shall_v pay_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n the_o tribute_n of_o 300_o wolf_n yearly_a which_o creature_n be_v then_o very_o pernicious_a and_o destructive_a to_o england_n and_o wales_n this_o tribure_n be_v due_o perform_v for_o two_o year_n the_o three_o year_n there_o be_v none_o to_o be_v find_v in_o any_o part_n of_o the_o island_n so_o that_o afterward_o the_o prince_n of_o north-wales_n become_v exempt_a from_o pay_v any_o acknowledgement_n to_o the_o king_n 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long_o be_v force_v to_o quit_v the_o same_o and_o to_o return_v home_o as_o do_v the_o fleet_n of_o king_n alfred_n which_o he_o have_v send_v to_o subdue_v caâ—rlheon_n upon_o vsc_n and_o now_o be_v rid_v of_o the_o a.d._n 971_o english_a and_o dane_n the_o welsh_a begin_v to_o raise_v commotion_n among_o themselves_o jevaf_fw-mi continue_v still_o in_o prison_n a.d._n 972_o to_o rescue_v who_o his_o son_n howel_n raise_v his_o power_n and_o march_v against_o his_o uncle_n jago_n who_o be_v vanquish_v in_o sight_n be_v force_v to_o quit_v the_o country_n to_o â—ave_n himself_o howel_n have_v win_v the_o day_n take_v his_o elder_a uncle_n meyric_n the_o son_n of_o edwal_n prisoner_n and_o pull_v out_o both_o his_o eye_n clap_v he_o in_o prison_n where_o in_o a_o woeful_a condition_n he_o short_o die_v leave_v behind_o he_o two_o son_n edwal_n and_o jonafal_n the_o first_o of_o which_o live_v to_o be_v afterward_o prince_n of_o wales_n and_o to_o revenge_v upon_o the_o posterity_n of_o howel_n that_o unnatural_a barbarity_n show_v to_o his_o father_n but_o though_o howel_n deliver_v his_o father_n from_o his_o long_a and_o tedious_a imprisonment_n yet_o he_o do_v not_o think_v fit_a to_o restore_v he_o to_o his_o principality_n for_o whether_o by_o age_n or_o infirmity_n he_o be_v incapable_a howel_n take_v upon_o he_o the_o sole_a government_n of_o wales_n which_o he_o keep_v and_o maintain_v for_o his_o life-time_n but_o afterward_o it_o descend_v to_o his_o brethren_n for_o jevaf_n have_v issue_n beside_o this_o howel_n meyric_n iâ—vaf_n and_o cadwalhan_n all_o three_o man_n of_o great_a repuâ—â—_n and_o esteem_n about_o this_o time_n die_v morgan_n hên_o in_o his_o young_a day_n call_v morgan_z mawr_z be_v a_o hundred_o yearâ—_n old_a have_v live_v fifty_o year_n after_o the_o death_n of_o hâ—â—_n wife_n elen_n daughter_n of_o roderic_n the_o great_a by_o whoâ—_n he_o have_v one_o son_n call_v owen_n morgan_z be_v a_o valiant_a anâ—_n a_o victorious_a prince_n and_o well_o belove_v of_o his_o subject_n 〈◊〉_d but_o sometime_o before_o his_o death_n owen_n the_o son_n oâ—_n prince_n howel_n dha_n lay_v claim_n to_o ystradwy_n and_o eâ—y_n call_v the_o two_o sleeve_n of_o gwent_n vwchcoed_n be_v thâ—_n right_o of_o morgan_n and_o seize_v upon_o they_o to_o his_o owâ—_n use_v but_o the_o matter_n through_o the_o mediation_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o nobility_n be_v by_o both_o party_n refer_v to_o the_o decision_n of_o edgar_n king_n of_o england_n it_o be_v by_o he_o adjudge_v that_o the_o say_v land_n do_v of_o right_o belong_v to_o morgan_n and_o to_o the_o diocese_n of_o lhandaff_n and_o that_o owen_n ap_fw-mi howel_n dha_n have_v wrongful_o possess_v himself_o of_o they_o the_o charter_n of_o the_o say_a award_n waâ—_n make_v before_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n of_o england_n and_o wales_n at_n may_v be_v see_v at_o lhandaff_n in_o a_o old_a manuscript_n call_v y_o cwtta_n cyfarwydd_n 〈◊〉_d forgannwg_n and_o there_o be_v somewhat_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n in_o the_o old_a book_n of_o lhandaff_n only_o the_o mistake_n in_o both_o be_v that_o they_o make_v howel_n dha_n the_o intruder_n into_o the_o say_a land_n who_o have_v be_v dead_a at_o least_o twenty_o year_n before_o king_n edgar_n begin_v his_o reign_n howel_n ap_fw-mi jevaf_fw-mi howel_n after_o that_o he_o have_v expel_v his_o uncle_n jago_n and_o force_v he_o to_o quit_v his_o own_o dominion_n â—â—ok_v upon_o himself_o the_o government_n of_o wales_n in_o â—â—ght_n of_o his_o father_n who_o though_o alive_a yet_o by_o reason_n of_o â—â—s_o year_n be_v willing_a to_o decline_v it_o about_o the_o same_o 〈◊〉_d dwnwalhon_n prince_n of_o stradclwyd_n take_v his_o journey_n for_o rome_n and_o edwalhon_n son_n of_o owen_n prince_n â—f_n south-wales_n die_v but_o the_o english_a receive_v a_o â—â—eater_a blow_n by_o the_o death_n of_o king_n edgar_n who_o be_v prince_n of_o
pay_v the_o like_a sum_n to_o the_o prince_n of_o aberffraw_n but_o king_n ethelstane_n be_v not_o less_o terrible_a abroad_o than_o he_o be_v awe_v and_o fear_v at_o home_n the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o norwâ—â—_n send_v he_o very_o great_a and_o costly_a present_n to_o obtain_v his_o favour_n and_o to_o gain_v his_o good_a will._n a.d._n 936_o this_o year_n eun_v the_o son_n of_o clydawe_n and_o meyriâ—_n the_o son_n of_o cadelh_n die_v the_o same_o time_n king_n athelstane_n remove_v the_o britain_n who_o live_v at_o excester_n and_o the_o neighbour_a country_n to_o cornwall_n bound_v theâ—_n with_o the_o river_n cambria_n now_o tamar_n as_o the_o britain_n of_o wâ—les_n with_o the_o wey_n not_o long_o after_o the_o a.d._n 939_o noble_a prince_n athelstane_n die_v to_o the_o great_a and_o inexpressible_a sorrow_n of_o all_o his_o subject_n and_o be_v bury_v at_o malmesbury_n and_o succeed_v by_o his_o brother_n edmund_n not_o inferior_a to_o he_o in_o courage_n but_o preferable_a by_o right_a of_o nativity_n be_v bear_v in_o wedlock_n in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n he_o give_v a_o very_a considerable_a blow_n to_o the_o dane_n take_v from_o they_o the_o city_n of_o leycester_n derby_n scafford_n lincoln_n and_o nottinham_n then_o aulafe_a king_n of_o the_o dane_n find_v it_o impracticable_a to_o withstand_v the_o force_n of_o king_n edmund_n desire_a peace_n and_o withal_o to_o be_v initiate_v in_o the_o christian_a faith_n which_o be_v grant_v he_o he_o and_o all_o his_o dane_n receive_v baptism_n king_n edmund_n stand_v godfather_n at_o the_o font_n after_o which_o both_o party_n conclude_v a_o firm_a and_o a_o last_a peace_n edmund_n honourable_o return_v to_o west-sex_n the_o same_o year_n die_v abloic_a chief_a king_n of_o ireland_n and_o the_o year_n follow_v cadelh_n the_o son_n of_o arthuael_n a_o nobleman_n of_o wales_n be_v for_o what_o reason_n not_o discover_v imprison_v by_o the_o english_a to_o revenge_v which_o indignity_n edwal_n foel_n and_o his_o brother_n elis_n gather_v their_o force_n together_o and_o fight_v against_o the_o english_a and_o dane_n but_o be_v both_o unhappy_o slay_v this_o edwal_n â—oel_n have_v six_o son_n meyric_n jevaf_n jago_n conan_n edwal_n fychan_n and_o roderic_n and_o his_o brother_n elis_n have_v issue_n conan_n and_o a_o daughter_n name_v traw_v the_o mother_n of_o conan_n ap_fw-mi sitsylht_n gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi sitsylht_n and_o blethyn_n ap_fw-mi confyn_n which_o two_o last_n be_v afterward_o prince_n of_o wales_n howel_n dha_n howel_n dha_n have_v be_v for_o a_o considerable_a time_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n and_o powis_n in_o which_o government_n a.d._n 940_o he_o have_v so_o just_o and_o discreet_o behave_v himself_o that_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o edwal_n foel_n he_o be_v worthy_o prefer_v to_o the_o principality_n of_o wales_n notwithstanding_o that_o edwal_n have_v leave_v behind_o he_o several_a son_n who_o at_o first_o seem_v to_o murmur_v at_o and_o resent_v the_o election_n of_o howel_n dha_n the_o first_o thing_n he_o take_v care_n of_o be_v to_o enact_v good_a and_o wholesome_a law_n for_o the_o benefit_n of_o his_o country_n which_o hold_v in_o force_n in_o wales_n till_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o when_o the_o welsh_a receive_v the_o law_n of_o england_n yet_o not_o so_o general_o but_o that_o in_o some_o place_n they_o continue_v long_o after_o and_o be_v still_o to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o welsh_a and_o latin_a tongue_n for_o howel_n dha_n perceive_v the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o his_o country_n to_o have_v grow_v to_o great_a abuse_n send_v for_o the_o archbishop_n of_o menevia_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o chief_a clergy_n to_o the_o number_n of_o 140._o and_o all_o the_o baron_n and_o noble_n of_o wales_n and_o order_v that_o six_o of_o the_o wise_a and_o best_a esteem_a person_n in_o every_o commote_a shall_v be_v cite_v before_o he_o at_o his_o palace_n call_v you_o tie_v gwyn_n be_v taf_n or_o the_o white_a house_n upon_o the_o river_n taf._n thither_o come_v himself_o he_o remain_v with_o his_o noble_n prelate_n and_o subject_n for_o all_o the_o lent_n in_o prayer_n and_o fast_v implore_v the_o assistance_n and_o direction_n of_o god_n holy_a spirit_n that_o he_o may_v reform_v the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o country_n of_o wales_n to_o the_o honour_n of_o god_n and_o the_o peaceable_a government_n of_o his_o subject_n towards_o the_o end_n of_o lent_n he_o choose_v out_o of_o that_o assembly_n twelve_o of_o the_o wise_a and_o grave_a and_o person_n of_o the_o great_a experience_n to_o who_o he_o add_v blegor_v a_o man_n of_o singular_a learning_n and_o one_o exquisite_o verse_v in_o the_o law_n to_o these_o he_o give_v commission_n to_o examine_v the_o ancient_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o wales_n and_o to_o collect_v out_o of_o they_o what_o be_v requisite_a towards_o the_o government_n of_o the_o country_n according_a to_o which_o charge_n they_o retain_v those_o 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both_o army_n be_v join_v gruffydh_n easy_o overcome_v and_o pursue_v howel_n as_o far_o as_o the_o springhead_n of_o the_o river_n towy_a where_o after_o a_o long_a and_o a_o bloody_a fight_n howel_n be_v at_o last_o slay_v and_o his_o army_n so_o universal_o rout_v that_o few_o escape_v with_o their_o life_n but_o though_o howel_n be_v dead_a yet_o there_o remain_v still_o more_o pretender_n to_o the_o principality_n of_o south-wales_n so_o that_o gruffydh_n be_v in_o no_o great_a prospect_n to_o enjoy_v the_o same_o peaceable_o for_o as_o soon_o as_o it_o be_v publish_v that_o howel_n army_n be_v defeat_v and_o himself_o slay_v rytherch_n and_o rhys_n the_o son_n of_o rytherch_n ap_fw-mi jestyn_n put_v in_o their_o claim_n to_o south-wales_n in_o right_a of_o their_o father_n who_o have_v once_o enjoy_v the_o sovereignty_n of_o that_o country_n and_o in_o order_n to_o the_o recovery_n of_o the_o same_o they_o
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interest_n or_o expectation_n he_o have_v do_v such_o a_o act_n as_o he_o know_v will_v be_v by_o all_o man_n abhor_v cause_v it_o to_o be_v report_v abroad_o that_o he_o have_v do_v such_o a_o thing_n in_o revenge_n of_o the_o death_n of_o his_o uncle_n henry_n of_o hereford_n who_o the_o welsh_a on_o the_o easter-even_a before_o have_v slay_v but_o whilst_o these_o thing_n pass_v in_o south-wales_n roderic_n david_n prince_n of_o north-wales's_a brother_n make_v his_o escape_n by_o some_o mean_n or_o other_o out_o of_o prison_n and_o flee_v to_o anglesey_n he_o be_v receive_v and_o acknowledge_v by_o all_o the_o country_n other_o side_n the_o river_n conwey_n for_o their_o lord_n and_o prince_n which_o they_o be_v the_o more_o willing_a to_o do_v by_o reason_n that_o they_o conceive_v a_o utter_a abhorrence_n of_o prince_n david_n who_o contrary_a to_o all_o rule_n of_o equity_n and_o almost_o nature_n have_v disinherit_v all_o his_o brethren_n and_o cousin_n as_o bold_o rely_v 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this_o year_n the_o sepulchre_n of_o that_o famous_a and_o noble_a british_a king_n arthur_n with_o his_o wife_n gwenhofar_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o some_o welsh_a bard_n who_o king_n henry_n have_v hear_v at_o pembrock_n relate_v in_o a_o song_n the_o worthy_a and_o mighty_a act_n of_o that_o great_a prince_n and_o the_o place_n where_o he_o be_v bury_v be_v find_v in_o the_o isle_n of_o afalon_n without_o the_o abbey_n of_o glastenbury_n their_o body_n be_v lay_v in_o a_o hollow_a elder_a tree_n bury_v fifteen_o foot_n in_o the_o earth_n the_o bone_n of_o king_n arthur_n be_v of_o marvellous_a and_o almost_o incredible_a bigness_n have_v ten_o wound_n in_o the_o skull_n whereof_o one_o be_v considerable_o large_a than_o the_o rest_n seem_v to_o be_v his_o death-blow_a and_o the_o queen_n hair_n seem_v to_o the_o sight_n to_o be_v fair_a and_o yellow_a but_o when_o touch_v crumble_v present_o to_o dust_n over_o the_o bone_n be_v lay_v a_o stone_n with_o a_o cross_n of_o lead_n upon_o the_o low_a side_n of_o which_o stone_n be_v engrave_v these_o word_n hic_fw-la iaceo_fw-la sepultus_fw-la inclytus_fw-la rex_fw-la arthurus_n in_o insula_fw-la avalonia_n here_o lie_v bury_v the_o famous_a king_n arthur_z in_o the_o isle_n of_o afalon_n no_o action_n of_o moment_n have_v pass_v in_o wales_n this_o long_a time_n and_o the_o welsh_a be_v in_o perfect_a amity_n and_o concord_n with_o the_o king_n of_o england_n but_o some_o unlucky_a accident_n fall_v out_o at_o last_o to_o dissolve_v this_o happy_a a.d._n 1182_o union_n and_o agreement_n one_o ranulph_n de_fw-fr poer_n who_o be_v sheriff_n of_o glocestershire_n or_o rather_o as_o giraldus_n cambrensis_fw-la observe_v of_o herefordshire_n be_v a_o cruel_a and_o unreasonable_a oppressor_n of_o the_o welsh_a put_v the_o lord_n of_o gwentland_n to_o death_n in_o revenge_n of_o who_o a_o certain_a young_a person_n of_o that_o country_n set_v upon_o ranulph_n with_o several_a other_o gentleman_n his_o
withstand_v so_o great_a a_o multitude_n think_v it_o his_o best_a way_n to_o endeavour_v to_o find_v out_o some_o method_n or_o other_o to_o reconcile_v himself_o to_o the_o king_n and_o no_o better_a measure_n can_v possible_o be_v think_v of_o than_o to_o send_v joan_n his_o wife_n king_n john_n daughter_n to_o entreat_v with_o her_o father_n about_o a_o peace_n and_o a_o cessation_n of_o all_o hostility_n who_o be_v a_o prudent_a sly_a woman_n so_o prevail_v upon_o the_o king_n that_o he_o grant_v prince_n lhewelyn_n her_o husband_n a_o safe_a conduct_n to_o come_v to_o he_o and_o to_o renew_v the_o former_a peace_n and_o amity_n that_o be_v betwixt_o they_o and_o so_o lhewelyn_n have_v do_v homage_n promise_v the_o king_n towards_o his_o expense_n in_o this_o expedition_n 20000_o head_n of_o cattle_n and_o forty_o horse_n and_o what_o be_v more_o than_o all_o he_o grant_v all_o the_o inland_n country_n of_o wales_n with_o the_o appurtenance_n to_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n for_o 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and_o rhys_n come_v to_o the_o cantref_o of_o penwedic_n which_o when_o the_o young_a lord_n rhys_n and_o owen_n hear_v of_o and_o be_v assure_v that_o this_o blow_n be_v level_v against_o they_o which_o they_o know_v they_o be_v not_o able_a to_o bear_v before_o the_o stroke_n be_v strike_v they_o send_v to_o foulke_n to_o sue_v for_o peace_n and_o a_o safe_a conduct_n for_o they_o to_o pass_v to_o the_o court_n of_o england_n this_o be_v grant_v they_o come_v to_o london_n and_o make_v their_o submission_n to_o the_o king_n and_o request_v his_o pardon_n for_o all_o former_a misdemeanour_n they_o give_v up_o all_o pretence_n to_o their_o land_n betwixt_o aeron_n and_o dyfi_n and_o so_o pay_v their_o homage_n they_o be_v dismiss_v very_o gracious_o but_o foulke_n before_o his_o departure_n out_o of_o the_o country_n fortify_v the_o castle_n of_o aberystwyth_n and_o place_v a_o strong_a garrison_n therein_o keep_v it_o to_o the_o king_n use_n but_o maelgon_n and_o rhys_n fychan_n a_o couple_n of_o headstrong_a inconstant_a people_n quick_o repent_v they_o of_o the_o peace_n they_o have_v make_v with_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o thereupon_o without_o the_o least_o reason_n or_o provocation_n they_o lay_v siege_n to_o aberystwyth_n castle_n and_o with_o much_o ado_n have_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o it_o they_o destroy_v those_o fortification_n which_o foulke_n have_v late_o erect_v and_o deface_v the_o castle_n to_o the_o ground_n but_o they_o pay_v sauce_n for_o this_o another_o way_n for_o as_o soon_o as_o rhys_n and_o owen_n have_v hear_v that_o their_o uncle_n have_v break_v and_o violate_v the_o king_n peace_n they_o make_v inroad_n into_o isaeron_n which_o be_v maelgon_n country_n and_o have_v slay_v a_o considerable_a number_n of_o his_o man_n among_o who_o be_v one_o brave_a and_o lusty_a youth_n call_v bachglâ_n they_o return_v with_o very_o rich_a booty_n a.d._n 1211_o maelgon_n and_o rhys_n fychan_n be_v quick_o follow_v by_o the_o north-wales_n man_n in_o their_o revolt_n from_o the_o king_n of_o england_n for_o prince_n lhewelyn_n be_v not_o able_a to_o endure_v any_o long_o the_o tyranny_n and_o oppreission_n which_o the_o king_n garrison_n exercise_v in_o his_o country_n call_v together_o gwenwynwyn_n from_o powy_n maelgon_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n from_o south-wales_n madoc_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi maylor_n from_o bromfield_n and_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi rotpert_n from_o cydewen_n and_o plain_o declare_v before_o they_o the_o pride_n and_o insolency_n of_o the_o english_a and_o how_o that_o they_o who_o be_v always_o use_v to_o have_v a_o prince_n of_o their_o own_o nation_n be_v now_o by_o their_o own_o wilfulness_n and_o neglect_n become_v subject_n to_o stranger_n however_o it_o be_v not_o too_o late_o to_o recover_v their_o ancient_a liberty_n and_o if_o they_o do_v but_o unanimous_o agree_v among_o themselves_o they_o may_v easy_o cast_v off_o that_o yoke_n which_o be_v so_o intolerable_o burdersome_a to_o they_o then_o the_o lord_n be_v sensible_a of_o the_o truth_n and_o reasonableness_n of_o what_o prince_n lhewelyn_n deliver_v and_o be_v conscious_a to_o themselves_o that_o their_o present_a slavery_n and_o subjection_n to_o the_o english_a be_v whole_o owe_v to_o their_o own_o fear_n and_o cowardice_n swear_v fealty_n to_o prince_n lhewelyn_n and_o swear_v to_o be_v true_a and_o faithful_a to_o he_o and_o to_o stick_v by_o each_o other_o to_o the_o utmost_a of_o their_o life_n and_o fortune_n and_o so_o join_v their_o force_n together_o they_o take_v all_o the_o castle_n in_o north-wales_n which_o be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o english_a except_v ruthlan_n and_o dyganwy_n and_o then_o go_v to_o powy_n they_o lay_v siege_n to_o the_o castle_n which_o robert_n vspont_n have_v build_v at_o mathrafal_n but_o king_n john_n be_v inform_v how_o the_o welsh_a have_v conspire_v against_o he_o and_o that_o they_o have_v take_v and_o sezy_v upon_o almost_o all_o his_o castle_n in_o north-wales_n and_o how_o that_o they_o be_v now_o in_o actual_a besiegement_n of_o mathrafal_n present_o draw_v up_o his_o army_n and_o come_v to_o mathrafal_n quick_o raise_v the_o siege_n and_o to_o prevent_v the_o welsh_a from_o come_v any_o more_o against_o it_o he_o burn_v it_o to_o the_o ground_n and_o so_o return_v to_o england_n have_v no_o time_n to_o stay_v any_o long_o in_o wales_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o difference_n that_o happen_v betwixt_o he_o and_o his_o nobility_n but_o be_v afterward_o at_o nottingham_n and_o hear_v how_o that_o prince_n lhewelyn_n cruel_o harrass_v and_o destroy_v the_o march_n he_o cause_v all_o the_o welsh_a pledge_n which_o he_o have_v receive_v the_o last_o year_n to_o be_v hang_v among_o who_o be_v howel_n the_o son_n of_o cadwalhon_n and_o madoc_n the_o son_n of_o maelgon_n with_o many_o other_o of_o the_o nobility_n son_n to_o the_o number_n of_o twenty_o eight_o and_o about_o the_o same_o time_n robert_n vepont_n cause_v rhys_n the_o son_n of_o maelgon_n to_o be_v hang_v at_o shrewsbury_n be_v a_o youth_n of_o about_o seventeen_o year_n of_o age_n and_o so_o cruel_o murder_v the_o innocent_a child_n to_o revenge_v the_o crime_n and_o offence_n commit_v by_o his_o father_n and_o other_o but_o though_o king_n john_n be_v so_o severe_a to_o the_o welsh_a yet_o the_o princess_n of_o north-wales_n be_v more_o dutiful_a and_o favourable_a to_o he_o for_o whilst_o he_o stay_v at_o nottingham_n she_o send_v he_o a_o express_a declare_v how_o that_o the_o baron_n have_v enter_v into_o a_o conspiracy_n with_o the_o french_a king_n against_o he_o and_o that_o this_o latter_a be_v a_o prepare_v and_o raise_v a_o army_n to_o come_v over_o to_o england_n upon_o pretence_n that_o the_o king_n be_v a_o rebel_n and_o bid_v open_a defiance_n to_o the_o holy_a church_n in_o as_o much_o as_o he_o will_v not_o condescend_v nor_o yield_v to_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n request_n and_o in_o confirmation_n of_o all_o this_o she_o tell_v he_o that_o robert_n fitzwalter_n eustace_n de_fw-fr vescy_n and_o stephen_n redell_n be_v secret_o flee_v into_o france_n to_o promote_v and_o carry_v on_o this_o intrigue_n and_o that_o this_o design_n against_o king_n john_n be_v not_o feign_v surmise_n the_o next_o a.d._n 1212_o year_n pope_n innocent_a the_o three_o detach_v one_o of_o his_o nuncio_n to_o wales_n who_o absolve_v prince_n lhewelyn_n gwenwynwyn_n and_o maelgon_n from_o their_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n to_o king_n john_n and_o withal_o give_v they_o a_o strict_a command_n under_o the_o penalty_n of_o excommunication_n to_o molest_v and_o annoy_v he_o with_o all_o their_o endeavour_n as_o a_o open_a enemy_n to_o the_o church_n of_o god_n prince_n lhewelyn_n you_o may_v be_v sure_a be_v not_o in_o the_o least_o trouble_a at_o this_o for_o now_o he_o gain_v the_o fit_a opportunity_n imaginable_a to_o restore_v such_o land_n as_o he_o have_v former_o much_o against_o
news_n be_v bring_v he_o that_o gwenwynwyn_n lord_n of_o powy_n be_v revolt_v and_o be_v become_v again_o the_o king_n of_o england_n subject_n this_o unwelcome_a news_n strike_v very_o deep_a in_o the_o prince_n mind_n by_o reason_n that_o gwenwynwyn_n be_v a_o man_n of_o great_a power_n and_o strength_n in_o the_o country_n and_o go_v a_o great_a way_n to_o repel_v the_o incursion_n of_o the_o english_a upon_o the_o march_n which_o now_o he_o be_v go_v off_o can_v not_o he_o fear_v be_v so_o well_o effect_v but_o however_o to_o make_v the_o best_a of_o a_o bad_a market_n he_o endeavour_v to_o take_v he_o off_o from_o the_o english_a and_o to_o restore_v he_o to_o his_o former_a allegiance_n due_a to_o himself_o as_o his_o natural_a prince_n and_o to_o that_o end_n he_o send_v to_o he_o some_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n to_o put_v he_o in_o mind_n of_o his_o oath_n and_o promise_n how_o that_o he_o with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o wales_n have_v oblige_v himself_o to_o oppose_v the_o english_a to_o the_o utmost_a of_o his_o power_n and_o have_v deliver_v pledge_n for_o the_o sure_a performance_n of_o what_o he_o have_v then_o by_o oath_n engage_v in_o and_o lest_o he_o shall_v have_v forget_v what_o he_o have_v then_o promise_v he_o be_v desire_v to_o read_v his_o own_o hand_n write_v whereby_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o he_o have_v very_o unjust_o violate_v both_o his_o oath_n and_o promise_n but_o all_o the_o rhetoric_n the_o bishop_n can_v make_v use_n of_o be_v not_o of_o force_n enough_o to_o work_v gwenwynwyn_n to_o reconciliation_n with_o the_o prince_n and_o a_o aversion_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o therefore_o see_v nothing_o will_v do_v prince_n lhewelyn_n be_v resolve_v to_o make_v he_o incapable_a of_o serve_v the_o english_a and_o so_o enter_v powy_n with_o a_o strong_a army_n he_o subdue_v the_o whole_a country_n to_o himself_o gwenwynwyn_n be_v force_v to_o fly_v for_o succour_n to_o the_o earl_n of_o chester_n whilst_o these_o thing_n pass_v in_o wales_n lewis_n the_o dauphin_n of_o france_n be_v invite_v by_o the_o english_a baron_n against_o king_n john_n land_v in_o the_o island_n of_o thanet_n and_o march_v forward_o to_o london_n he_o there_o receive_v homage_n of_o all_o the_o baron_n that_o be_v in_o actual_a war_n against_o the_o king_n and_o then_o set_v forward_o to_o winchester_n where_o king_n john_n then_o lay_v he_o take_v in_o his_o way_n the_o castle_n of_o rygat_n guildford_n and_o farnham_n and_o come_v to_o winchester_n have_v the_o town_n present_o surrender_v to_o he_o king_n john_n do_v not_o think_v fit_a to_o abide_v his_o come_n but_o remove_v to_o hereford_n in_o the_o march_n of_o wales_n he_o send_v to_o prince_n lhewelyn_n and_o reynold_n bruce_n desire_v their_o friendship_n and_o implore_v their_o aid_n and_o assistance_n against_o the_o french_a but_o they_o refuse_v to_o hearken_v to_o his_o proposal_n he_o destroy_v radnor_n and_o hay_n castle_n and_o march_v forward_o to_o oswestry_n which_o belong_v to_o john_n fitzalan_n he_o burn_v it_o to_o the_o ground_n and_o then_o depart_v towards_o the_o north._n but_o after_o that_o he_o have_v settle_v his_o affair_n there_o and_o appoint_v governor_n in_o all_o the_o town_n and_o place_n of_o strength_n whilst_o he_o be_v make_v all_o necessary_a preparation_n at_o newark_n to_o confront_v the_o baron_n he_o fall_v sick_a and_o in_o a_o short_a time_n die_v and_o be_v bury_v at_o worcester_n after_o his_o death_n his_o son_n henry_n be_v by_o several_a of_o the_o english_a nobility_n proclaim_v king_n and_o in_o a_o little_a while_n most_o of_o the_o baron_n who_o upon_o their_o hatred_n to_o king_n john_n have_v maintain_v a_o open_a war_n against_o he_o come_v in_o and_o own_v their_o allegiance_n to_o his_o son_n henry_n though_o contrary_a to_o their_o oath_n to_o lewis_n the_o dauphine_n a.d._n 1217_o but_o what_o be_v most_o pernicious_a to_o the_o welsh_a reynald_n de_fw-fr bruce_n who_o have_v all_o this_o while_n maintain_v a_o confederacy_n with_o prince_n lhewelyn_n his_o father-in-law_n against_o king_n john_n underhand_o make_v his_o peace_n with_o king_n henry_n but_o he_o suffer_v severe_o for_o his_o treachery_n for_o young_a rhys_n and_o owen_n his_o nephew_n by_o his_o sister_n see_v that_o he_o in_o who_o they_o put_v their_o great_a confidence_n have_v deceitful_o forsake_v they_o come_v upon_o he_o with_o all_o their_o power_n and_o take_v from_o he_o all_o buelht_n except_v only_o the_o castle_n prince_n lhewelyn_n be_v present_o make_v acquaint_v with_o bruce_n revolt_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o be_v inform_v that_o his_o son-in-law_n be_v go_v over_o to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n he_o go_v in_o great_a fury_n to_o brecknoc_n and_o lay_v siege_n to_o the_o town_n of_o aberhondhy_a he_o be_v with_o much_o ado_n prevail_v upon_o by_o young_a rhys_n to_o raise_v the_o siege_n for_o the_o sum_n of_o a_o hundred_o mark_n and_o then_o cross_v the_o mountainous_a part_n of_o glamorgan_n call_v the_o black_a mountain_n where_o his_o carriage_n suffer_v very_o much_o he_o come_v to_o gwyr_n and_o encamp_v at_o lhangruc_n reynald_n bruce_n with_o six_o knight_n in_o his_o company_n come_v to_o meet_v he_o desire_v his_o pardon_n for_o his_o pass_a offence_n assure_v he_o that_o for_o the_o future_a he_o will_v be_v true_a and_o faithful_a to_o he_o and_o will_v to_o his_o endeavour_n assist_v he_o against_o the_o king_n of_o england_n prince_n lhewelyn_n be_v too_o good_a nature_a to_o reject_v his_o submission_n and_o so_o do_v not_o only_o receive_v he_o to_o his_o favour_n but_o bestow_v upon_o he_o also_o the_o castle_n of_o senghennyth_n which_o reynald_n commit_v to_o the_o custody_n of_o rhys_n fychan_n prince_n lhewelyn_n have_v settle_v all_o thing_n in_o good_a order_n in_o gwyr_n march_v to_o dyfed_a and_o be_v at_o cefn_n cynwarchan_n the_o fleming_n send_v their_o agent_n to_o he_o to_o desire_v peace_n which_o the_o prince_n by_o reason_n that_o they_o always_o adhere_v to_o the_o english_a interest_n will_v not_o grant_v they_o and_o so_o young_a rhys_n have_v the_o first_o man_n pass_v the_o river_n cledeu_n to_o storm_n the_o town_n jorwerth_n bishop_n of_o st._n david_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o clergy_n come_v to_o the_o prince_n to_o entreat_v for_o a_o peace_n for_o the_o fleming_n which_o after_o a_o long_a debate_n be_v grant_v and_o conclude_v upon_o these_o term_n first_o that_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o rhô_n and_o the_o country_n of_o pembroke_n shall_v from_o thence_o forward_o swear_v allegiance_n to_o prince_n lhewelyn_n and_o ever_o after_o acknowledge_v his_o sovereignty_n second_o that_o towards_o the_o defray_n of_o his_o charge_n in_o this_o expedition_n they_o shall_v pay_v one_o thousand_o mark_n to_o be_v deliver_v to_o he_o before_o the_o ensue_a feast_n of_o st._n michael_n three_o that_o for_o the_o sure_a performance_n of_o these_o article_n they_o shall_v deliver_v up_o twenty_o hostage_n who_o be_v to_o be_v some_o of_o the_o most_o principal_a person_n in_o their_o country_n then_o prince_n lhewelyn_n have_v now_o bring_v all_o wales_n subject_n to_o himself_o and_o put_v matter_n in_o a_o settle_a posture_n in_o south_n wales_n return_v to_o north-wales_n have_v purchase_v very_o considerable_a honour_n and_o esteem_v for_o his_o martial_a achievement_n in_o this_o expedition_n and_o now_o all_o matter_n of_o difference_n be_v adjust_v and_o the_o welsh_a in_o good_a hope_n of_o a_o durable_a freedom_n from_o all_o trouble_n and_o hostility_n another_o accident_n unhappy_o fall_v out_o to_o cross_v their_o expectation_n lewis_n the_o dauphin_n perceive_v the_o english_a baron_n to_o slight_a and_o forsake_v he_o conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o king_n henry_n and_o return_v to_o france_n and_o then_o the_o baron_n the_o king_n promise_v to_o answer_v all_o their_o request_n and_o to_o redress_v their_o grievance_n make_v their_o submission_n without_o include_v the_o welsh_a in_o their_o article_n they_o have_v all_o this_o while_n glad_o embrace_v the_o friendship_n and_o aid_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n but_o now_o upon_o their_o reconciliation_n to_o the_o king_n think_v they_o have_v no_o far_o need_v of_o he_o they_o very_o base_o forsake_v he_o who_o have_v be_v the_o principal_a support_n and_o succour_n of_o their_o cause_n and_o not_o only_o so_o but_o they_o conspire_v together_o to_o convert_v their_o arm_n against_o wales_n think_v they_o can_v without_o any_o breach_n of_o equity_n or_o conscience_n take_v away_o the_o land_n of_o the_o welsh_a to_o make_v addition_n to_o what_o some_o of_o they_o have_v already_o unjust_o possess_v themselves_o of_o william_n martial_a earl_n of_o pembroke_n open_v the_o scene_n and_o come_v unexpected_o upon_o the_o welsh_a take_v the_o town_n of_o caerlheon_n but_o he_o
do_v not_o last_v long_o the_o english_a governor_n in_o the_o march_n and_o inland_n â—_z of_o wales_n presume_v upon_o the_o prince_n submission_n to_o the_o king_n grievous_o oppress_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o country_n with_o new_a and_o unheard_a of_o 〈◊〉_d action_n and_o with_o intolerable_a partiality_n open_o encourage_v the_o english_a to_o defraud_v and_o oppress_v tâ—â—_n welch_n these_o insupportable_a practice_n move_v tâ—â—_n welch_n to_o go_v in_o a_o body_n to_o david_n lord_n of_o denbigâ—_n to_o endeavour_v a_o reconciliation_n between_o he_o and_o 〈◊〉_d brother_n the_o prince_n that_o they_o both_o be_v at_o unity_n may_v easy_o deliver_v themselves_o and_o their_o country_n from_o the_o unmerciful_a tyranny_n of_o the_o english_a david_n be_v not_o ignorant_a of_o the_o misery_n of_o his_o countryman_n a.d._n 1281_o and_o therefore_o glad_o submit_v to_o be_v reconcile_v to_o his_o brother_n with_o promise_n never_o to_o side_n again_o with_o the_o king_n of_o england_n but_o to_o become_v his_o 〈◊〉_d enemy_n this_o happy_a union_n be_v thus_o effect_v david_n be_v choose_v general_n of_o the_o army_n with_o which_o he_o present_o march_v to_o hawarden_n and_o surprise_v the_o castle_n slay_v all_o that_o oppose_v he_o and_o take_v rogeâ—_n clifford_n prisoner_n who_o have_v be_v send_v by_o king_n edward_n justitiar_n into_o those_o part_n from_o thence_o be_v join_v by_o the_o prince_n he_o pass_v to_o ruthlan_n and_o lay_v siege_n to_o the_o castle_n but_o upon_o notice_n give_v that_o the_o king_n be_v march_v to_o raise_v the_o siege_n he_o think_v convenient_a to_o withdraw_v and_o to_o retire_v back_o at_o the_o same_o time_n rhys_n ap_fw-mi maelgon_n and_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi owen_n with_o other_o lord_n of_o south-wales_n take_v from_o the_o english_a the_o castle_n of_o aberystwyth_n with_o divers_a other_o in_o that_o country_n and_o spoil_v all_o the_o people_n thereabouts_o who_o own_a subjection_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n in_o the_o mean_a while_n john_n peckham_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n perceive_v how_o matter_n be_v like_a to_o proceed_v between_o the_o king_n and_o the_o prince_n and_o how_o the_o kingdom_n be_v effectual_o involve_v in_o a_o war_n of_o his_o own_o proper_a motion_n come_v to_o prince_n lhewelyn_n to_o endeavour_v a_o re-submission_n from_o he_o and_o his_o brother_n david_n to_o king_n edward_n and_o so_o to_o put_v a_o stop_n to_o any_o far_a hostility_n but_o he_o send_v beforehand_o to_o the_o prince_n and_o people_n of_o wales_n intimate_v to_o they_o that_o for_o the_o love_n he_o bear_v to_o the_o welsh_a nation_n he_o undertake_v this_o arbitration_n without_o the_o knowledge_n and_o contrary_a to_o the_o king_n be_v like_n and_o therefore_o earnest_o desire_v that_o they_o will_v submit_v to_o a_o peace_n with_o the_o english_a which_o himself_o will_v endeavour_v to_o bring_v to_o pass_v and_o because_o he_o can_v make_v no_o long_a continuance_n in_o those_o part_n he_o wish_v they_o to_o consider_v how_o that_o if_o he_o shall_v be_v force_v to_o depart_v before_o any_o thing_n be_v bring_v to_o a_o conclusion_n they_o can_v hardly_o find_v another_o who_o will_v so_o hearty_o espouse_v their_o cause_n and_o far_o threaten_v that_o in_o case_n they_o contemn_v and_o deride_v his_o endeavour_n he_o will_v not_o only_o instigate_v the_o english_a army_n now_o great_o strengthen_v and_o increase_v to_o fall_v upon_o they_o but_o also_o signify_v their_o stubbornness_n to_o the_o court_n and_o bishop_n of_o rome_n who_o esteem_v and_o honour_a england_n beyond_o any_o other_o kingdom_n in_o the_o world_n moreover_o he_o much_o lament_v to_o hear_v of_o the_o excessive_a cruelty_n of_o the_o welsh_a even_o beyond_o that_o of_o the_o saracen_n and_o other_o infidel_n who_o never_o refuse_v to_o permit_v slave_n and_o captive_n to_o be_v ransom_v which_o the_o welsh_a be_v so_o far_o from_o practise_v that_o even_o some_o time_n they_o slay_v those_o for_o who_o redemption_n they_o receive_v money_n and_o whereas_o they_o be_v wont_a to_o esteem_v and_o reverence_v holy_a and_o ecclesiastical_a person_n they_o be_v now_o so_o far_o degenerate_v from_o devotion_n and_o sanctity_n that_o nothing_o be_v more_o acceptable_a to_o they_o than_o war_n and_o sedition_n which_o they_o have_v now_o great_a need_n to_o forsake_v and_o repent_v of_o last_o he_o propose_v that_o they_o will_v signify_v to_o he_o wherein_z and_o what_o law_n and_o constitution_n of_o they_o be_v violate_v by_o the_o english_a and_o by_o what_o mean_v a_o firm_a and_o a_o last_a peace_n may_v be_v establish_v which_o if_o they_o reject_v they_o must_v expect_v to_o incur_v the_o decree_n and_o censure_n of_o the_o church_n as_o well_o as_o endure_v the_o violent_a inroad_n and_o depredation_n of_o a_o powerful_a army_n to_o these_o partly_o admonition_n and_o partly_o threaten_n of_o the_o archbishop_n prince_n lhewelyn_n return_v a_o answer_n that_o he_o humble_o thank_v his_o grace_n for_o the_o pain_n and_o trouble_v he_o undertake_v in_o his_o and_o his_o subject_n behalf_n and_o more_o particular_o because_o he_o will_v venture_v to_o come_v to_o wales_n contrary_a to_o the_o pleasure_n and_o good_a like_n of_o the_o king_n and_o as_o for_o conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o he_o he_o will_v not_o have_v his_o grace_n be_v ignorant_a that_o with_o all_o readiness_n he_o be_v willing_a to_o submit_v to_o it_o upon_o condition_n that_o the_o king_n will_v due_o and_o sincere_o observe_v the_o same_o and_o though_o he_o will_v be_v glad_a of_o his_o long_a a.d._n 1201_o continuance_n in_o wales_n yet_o he_o hope_v that_o no_o obstruction_n will_v happen_v of_o his_o side_n why_o a_o peace_n which_o of_o all_o thing_n he_o most_o desire_a may_v not_o be_v forthwith_o conclude_v and_o rather_o by_o his_o grace_n procure_v than_o any_o other_o so_o that_o there_o will_v be_v no_o far_o need_v of_o acquaint_v the_o pope_n with_o his_o obstinacy_n nor_o move_v the_o king_n of_o england_n to_o use_v any_o force_n against_o he_o and_o though_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n be_v under_o the_o immediate_a protection_n of_o the_o see_v of_o rome_n yet_o when_o his_o holiness_n come_v to_o understand_v of_o the_o great_a and_o unsufferable_a wrong_n do_v to_o he_o by_o the_o english_a how_o the_o article_n of_o peace_n be_v break_v church_n and_o all_o other_o religious_a house_n in_o wales_n be_v burn_v down_o and_o destroy_v and_o religious_a person_n unchristian_o murder_v he_o hope_v he_o will_v rather_o pity_v and_o lament_v his_o condition_n than_o with_o addition_n of_o punishment_n increase_v and_o augment_v his_o sorrow_n neither_o shall_v the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n be_v any_o wise_a disquiet_v and_o molest_v by_o his_o mean_n in_o case_n the_o peace_n be_v religious_o observe_v towards_o he_o and_o his_o subject_n but_o who_o they_o be_v that_o delight_n themselves_o with_o war_n and_o bloodshed_n manifest_o appear_v by_o their_o action_n and_o behaviour_n the_o weâ—ch_n be_v glad_a to_o live_v quiet_o upon_o their_o own_o if_o they_o may_v be_v permit_v by_o the_o english_a who_o come_v to_o the_o country_n utter_o destroy_v whatever_o come_v in_o their_o way_n without_o regard_n either_o to_o sex_n age_n or_o religious_a place_n but_o he_o be_v extreme_a sorry_a that_o any_o one_o shall_v be_v slay_v have_v pay_v his_o râ—â—â—â—â—_n the_o author_n of_o which_o unworthy_a action_n he_o do_v not_o pretend_v to_o maintain_v but_o will_v inflict_v upon_o he_o his_o condign_a punishment_n in_o case_n he_o can_v be_v get_v out_o of_o the_o wood_n and_o desert_n where_o as_o a_o outlaw_n â—he_n live_v undiscovered_a but_o as_o to_o commence_v a_o war_n in_o a_o season_n inconvenient_a he_o protest_v he_o know_v nothing_o of_o that_o till_o now_o yet_o those_o that_o do_v so_o do_v solemn_o attest_v that_o to_o be_v the_o only_a measure_n they_o have_v to_o save_v themselves_o and_o that_o they_o have_v no_o other_o security_n for_o their_o life_n and_o fortune_n than_o to_o keep_v themselves_o in_o arms._n concern_v his_o sin_n and_o trespass_n against_o god_n with_o the_o assistance_n of_o his_o grace_n he_o will_v endeavour_v to_o repent_v of_o neither_o shall_v the_o war_n be_v willing_o continue_v by_o he_o in_o case_n he_o may_v save_v himself_o harmless_a but_o before_o he_o will_v be_v unjust_o dispossess_v of_o his_o legal_a propriety_n he_o think_v it_o but_o reasonable_a by_o all_o possible_a measure_n to_o defend_v himself_o and_o he_o be_v very_o willing_a upon_o due_a examination_n of_o the_o trespass_n commit_v to_o make_v satisfaction_n and_o retribution_n of_o all_o wrong_n commit_v by_o he_o and_o his_o subject_n so_o that_o the_o english_a will_v observe_v the_o same_o of_o their_o side_n and_o likewise_o be_v ready_a to_o conclude_v a_o peace_n which_o he_o think_v be_v impossible_a
to_o be_v establish_v as_o long_o as_o the_o english_a have_v no_o regard_n to_o article_n and_o still_o oppress_v his_o people_n with_o new_a and_o unwarrantable_a exaction_n therefore_o see_v his_o subject_n be_v unchristian_o abuse_v by_o the_o king_n officer_n and_o all_o his_o country_n most_o tyrannical_o harass_v he_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o the_o english_a upon_o any_o fault_n of_o his_o side_n shall_v threaten_v to_o bring_v a_o formidable_a army_n to_o his_o country_n nor_o the_o church_n pretend_v to_o censure_v he_o see_v also_o he_o be_v very_o willing_a upon_o the_o aforesaid_a condition_n to_o submit_v to_o a_o peace_n and_o last_o he_o desire_v his_o grace_n that_o he_o will_v not_o give_v the_o more_o credit_n to_o his_o enemy_n because_o they_o be_v near_o his_o person_n and_o can_v deliver_v their_o complaint_n frequent_o and_o by_o word_n of_o mouth_n for_o they_o who_o make_v no_o conscience_n of_o oppress_v will_v not_o in_o all_o probability_n stick_v to_o defame_v and_o make_v false_a accusation_n and_o therefore_o his_o grace_n will_v make_v a_o better_a estimation_n of_o the_o whole_a matter_n by_o examine_v their_o action_n rather_o than_o believe_v their_o word_n prince_n lhewelyn_n have_v to_o this_o purpose_n reply_v in_o general_a to_o the_o archbishop_n article_n present_v he_o with_o a_o copy_n of_o the_o several_a grievance_n which_o himself_o and_o other_o of_o his_o subject_n have_v wrongful_o and_o unjust_o receive_v at_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o english_a and_o these_o though_o somewhat_o tedious_a be_v think_v necessary_a to_o be_v particular_o insert_v in_o the_o appendix_n by_o reason_n that_o they_o demonstrable_o vindicate_v the_o welsh_a nation_n from_o the_o unreasonable_a aspersion_n which_o the_o english_a of_o these_o time_n cast_v upon_o it_o for_o the_o breach_n of_o peace_n and_o the_o occasion_n of_o those_o dismal_a disturbance_n in_o the_o kingdom_n be_v by_o the_o english_a writer_n of_o those_o time_n whole_o attribute_v to_o the_o restless_a and_o rebellious_a humour_n and_o unconstant_a temper_n of_o the_o welch_n whereas_o have_v they_o look_v at_o home_n they_o may_v have_v find_v the_o original_a of_o all_o these_o trouble_n to_o have_v proceed_v from_o the_o intolerable_a extortion_n and_o insupportable_a oppression_n of_o their_o own_o nation_n for_o whoever_o consider_v these_o unmerciful_a grievance_n and_o the_o manifold_a wrong_n the_o welch_a endure_v it_o can_v in_o reason_n be_v expect_v but_o that_o they_o will_v endeavour_v to_o vindicate_v themselves_o and_o repel_v force_n by_o force_n for_o have_v the_o english_a the_o liberty_n of_o dispossess_v they_o wrongful_o of_o their_o proper_a inheritance_n and_o estate_n and_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a for_o the_o welsh_a to_o endeavour_v the_o defend_n and_o keep_v their_o own_o and_o must_v they_o be_v reckon_v disobedient_a and_o promoter_n of_o sedition_n upon_o the_o account_n that_o they_o will_v not_o be_v trample_v under_o and_o enslave_v by_o the_o english_a these_o measure_n be_v too_o hard_a and_o intolerable_a and_o scarce_o allowable_a in_o a_o infidel_n nation_n to_o oppress_v and_o what_o in_o they_o lay_v eradicate_v a_o people_n for_o no_o other_o reason_n than_o because_o they_o be_v weak_a and_o more_o helpless_a than_o themselves_o and_o then_o what_o be_v worse_o to_o accuse_v they_o of_o be_v author_n of_o sedition_n because_o they_o will_v not_o suffer_v themselves_o to_o be_v peaceable_o enslave_v but_o endeavour_v to_o vindicate_v their_o right_n by_o main_a force_n but_o it_o be_v high_o probable_a that_o king_n edward_n have_v no_o inclination_n to_o observe_v what_o article_n of_o agreement_n soever_o be_v conclude_v upon_o and_o therefore_o encourage_v his_o deputy_n in_o the_o march_n and_o inland_n country_n of_o wales_n in_o all_o their_o oppression_n and_o sinistrous_a deal_n towards_o the_o welsh_a this_o be_v the_o best_a method_n and_o the_o most_o expedient_a mean_n to_o reduce_v the_o country_n of_o wales_n to_o subjection_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n which_o the_o king_n have_v long_o ago_o intentional_o effect_v and_o to_o accuse_v the_o welsh_a of_o not_o observe_v the_o condition_n of_o peace_n be_v a_o specious_a pretence_n to_o bring_v that_o actual_o to_o pass_v and_o to_o lead_v a_o army_n into_o the_o country_n but_o whaever_o the_o english_a may_v pretend_v it_o be_v evident_a the_o welsh_a have_v the_o great_a occasion_n to_o complain_v appendix_n see_v the_o appendix_n as_o appear_v from_o the_o grievance_n commit_v as_o well_o against_o the_o prince_n himself_o as_o other_o of_o his_o subject_n the_o archbishop_n have_v read_v over_o these_o grievance_n and_o find_v the_o welsh_a to_o be_v upon_o good_a reason_n guiltless_a of_o that_o severe_a character_n which_o by_o the_o malicious_a insinuation_n of_o the_o english_a he_o have_v conceive_v of_o they_o go_v to_o king_n edward_n request_v he_o to_o take_v into_o consideration_n the_o unjust_a wrong_n and_o injury_n do_v to_o the_o welsh_a which_o if_o he_o will_v not_o redress_v at_o least_o he_o may_v excuse_v they_o from_o any_o breach_n of_o obedience_n to_o he_o see_v they_o have_v so_o just_a a_o reason_n for_o what_o they_o do_v the_o king_n reply_v that_o he_o willing_o forgive_v they_o and_o will_v make_v reasonable_a satisfaction_n for_o any_o wrong_n do_v so_o that_o they_o have_v free_a access_n to_o declare_v their_o greivance_n before_o he_o and_o then_o may_v safe_o depart_v in_o case_n it_o will_v appear_v just_a and_o lawful_a they_o shall_v the_o archbishop_n upon_o this_o think_v he_o have_v obtain_v his_o purpose_n and_o therefore_o without_o any_o stay_n post_v it_o to_o snowden_n where_o the_o prince_n and_o his_o brother_n david_n reside_v and_o have_v acquaint_v they_o with_o the_o king_n mind_n earnest_o desire_v that_o they_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o nobility_n of_o wales_n will_v submit_v themselves_o and_o by_o he_o be_v introduce_v to_o the_o king_n presence_n prince_n lhewelyn_n after_o some_o time_n conference_n and_o debate_n declare_v that_o he_o be_v ready_a to_o submit_v to_o the_o king_n with_o the_o reserve_v only_o of_o two_o particular_n namely_o his_o conscience_n whereby_o he_o be_v oblige_v to_o regard_v the_o safety_n and_o liberty_n of_o his_o people_n and_o then_o the_o decency_n of_o his_o own_o state_n and_o quality_n but_o the_o king_n understanding_n by_o the_o archbishop_n how_o that_o the_o prince_n stand_v upon_o term_n positive_o refuse_v to_o consent_v to_o any_o more_o treaty_n of_o peace_n than_o that_o he_o shall_v simple_o submit_v without_o any_o far_a condition_n the_o archbishop_n have_v experience_n enough_o that_o the_o welsh_a will_v never_o agree_v to_o such_o proposal_n and_o therefore_o desire_v of_o his_o majesty_n that_o he_o will_v give_v he_o leave_v with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o english_a nobility_n present_a to_o confer_v and_o conclude_v upon_o the_o matter_n which_o be_v grant_v they_o unanimous_o resolve_v upon_o the_o follow_a article_n and_o send_v they_o to_o the_o prince_n by_o john_n wallensis_n bishop_n of_o s._n david_n i._o the_o king_n will_v have_v no_o treaty_n of_o the_o four_o cantred_n and_o other_o land_n which_o he_o have_v bestow_v upon_o his_o noble_n nor_o of_o the_o isle_n of_o anglesey_n ii_o in_o case_n the_o tenant_n of_o the_o four_o cantred_n submit_v themselves_o the_o king_n purpose_v to_o deal_v kind_o and_o honourable_o with_o they_o which_o we_o be_v sufficient_o satisfy_v of_o and_o will_v what_o in_o we_o lie_v endeavour_v to_o further_a iii_o we_o will_v do_v the_o like_o touch_v prince_n lhewelyn_n concern_v who_o we_o can_v return_v no_o other_o answer_n than_o that_o he_o must_v bare_o submit_v himself_o to_o the_o king_n without_o hope_n of_o any_o other_o condition_n these_o be_v the_o public_a article_n agree_v upon_o by_o the_o english_a nobility_n and_o send_v to_o prince_n lhewelyn_n beside_o which_o they_o send_v some_o private_a measure_n of_o agreement_n relate_v both_o to_o he_o and_o his_o brother_n david_n promise_v that_o in_o case_n he_o will_v submit_v and_o put_v the_o king_n in_o quiet_a possession_n of_o snowden_n his_o majesty_n will_v bestow_v a_o english_a county_n upon_o he_o with_o the_o yearly_a revenue_n of_o a_o thousand_o pound_v sterling_n and_o moreover_o his_o daughter_n shall_v be_v provide_v for_o suitable_a to_o her_o birth_n and_o quality_n and_o all_o his_o subject_n according_a to_o their_o estate_n and_o condition_n and_o in_o case_n he_o shall_v have_v male_a issue_n by_o a_o second_o wife_n the_o aforesaid_a county_n and_o a_o thousand_o pound_n shall_v remain_v to_o his_o posterity_n for_o ever_o as_o for_o david_n the_o prince_n brother_n if_o he_o will_v consent_v to_o go_v to_o the_o holy_a land_n upon_o condition_n not_o to_o return_v but_o upon_o the_o king_n pleasure_n all_o thing_n shall_v be_v honourable_o prepare_v for_o his_o journey_n with_o
gruffydh_n llwyd_n son_n of_o rhys_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi ednyfe_v fychan_n a_o stout_a and_o a_o valiant_a gentleman_n though_o not_o very_o fortunate_a and_o as_o florus_n say_v of_o sertorius_n he_o be_v magnae_fw-la quidem_fw-la sed_fw-la calamitosae_fw-la virtutis_fw-la he_o be_v knight_v by_o king_n edward_n the_o first_o upon_o his_o bring_v the_o first_o news_n of_o the_o queen_n be_v safe_a delivery_n of_o a_o son_n at_o caernarvon_n castle_n the_o king_n hold_v then_o a_o parliament_n at_o ruthlan_n this_o sir_n gruffydh_n continue_v for_o some_o time_n very_o gracious_a with_o the_o king_n of_o england_n but_o observe_v at_o length_n the_o intolerable_a oppression_n and_o tyranny_n exercise_v by_o the_o english_a officer_n especial_o by_o sir_n roger_n mortimer_n lord_n of_o chirke_n and_o justice_n of_o north-wales_n towards_o his_o countryman_n the_o welsh_a become_v so_o far_o concern_v and_o discontent_v with_o such_o unwarrantable_a practice_n that_o he_o present_o break_v out_o into_o open_a rebellion_n against_o the_o english_a and_o the_o better_a to_o effect_v what_o he_o purpose_v he_o treat_v with_o sir_n edward_n bruce_n brother_n to_o robert_n then_o king_n of_o scotland_n who_o have_v conquer_v ireland_n to_o bring_v or_o send_v over_o some_o force_n to_o assist_v he_o in_o his_o design_n against_o the_o english_a upon_o which_o account_n he_o send_v he_o the_o follow_a letter_n nobili_fw-la in_o christo_fw-la conquestori_fw-la domino_fw-la edvardo_fw-la illustrissimo_fw-la regi_fw-la hiberniae_fw-la suus_fw-la si_fw-la placet_fw-la griffinus_n llwyd_n in_o north-wall_n reverentiam_fw-la debitam_fw-la in_o honore_fw-la avditâ_n nobis_fw-la vestri_fw-la in_o terrarum_fw-la conquisitione_n fama_fw-la egregia_fw-la in_o partibus_fw-la nostris_fw-la praecipuè_fw-la debelland_n aemulos_fw-la nostros_fw-la &_o vestros_fw-la qui_fw-la tam_fw-la vos_fw-la quam_fw-la nos_fw-la ab_fw-la haereditatibus_fw-la vi_fw-la injustè_fw-fr 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they_o which_o harp_v upon_o a_o queen_n gwalaes_n and_o of_o a_o prince_n wala_n of_o who_o neither_o british_a latin_a nor_o english_a history_n make_v mention_v be_v foul_o deceive_v and_o so_o likewise_o be_v a_o great_a historiographer_n of_o late_a day_n which_o say_v that_o it_o be_v call_v wallia_fw-la quasi_fw-la italia_n because_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o roman_n which_o remain_v in_o the_o isle_n be_v drive_v thither_o neither_o be_v this_o any_o new_a invention_n although_o polydore_n virgil_n with_o a_o italian_a brag_n do_v glorify_v himself_o to_o be_v the_o first_o that_o espy_v it_o out_o for_o divers_a ancient_a writer_n do_v allege_v the_o same_o cause_n of_o the_o name_n of_o wales_n of_o who_o sylvester_n gyraldus_n be_v one_o who_o write_v in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o after_o the_o conquest_n before_o 380_o year_n pass_v which_o be_v a_o evident_a token_n that_o the_o say_v polydore_n do_v either_o neâ—er_n see_v nor_o read_v the_o ancient_a 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with_o his_o work_n as_o for_o the_o antiâ—ent_a writer_n of_o the_o british_a history_n as_o the_o british_a chronicle_n the_o history_n of_o gildas_n ponticus_n vorunnius_n â—ea_o the_o golden_a work_n of_o matthew_n paris_n monk_n of_o st._n alban_n which_o write_v from_o william_n bastard_n to_o the_o â—ast_a year_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o i_o dare_v well_o say_v he_o â—ever_o see_v they_o they_o be_v in_o divers_a place_n to_o be_v have_v â—o_o that_o the_o truth_n may_v be_v easy_o prove_v to_o make_v â—n_a end_n i_o say_v that_o he_o be_v first_o a_o stranger_n bear_v and_o also_o ignorant_a as_o well_o in_o the_o history_n of_o this_o realm_n as_o â—f_o those_o tongue_n and_o language_n wherein_o the_o same_o be_v write_v can_v never_o set_v forth_o the_o true_a and_o perfect_a chronicle_n of_o the_o same_o but_o he_o have_v a_o good_a grace_n and_o a_o pleasant_a style_n in_o the_o latin_a tongue_n and_o find_v himself_o in_o a_o country_n
where_o every_o man_n either_o â—acked_v knowledge_n or_o spirit_n to_o set_v forth_o the_o history_n of_o their_o own_o country_n take_v this_o enterprise_n in_o hand_n to_o â—heir_o great_a shame_n and_o no_o less_o dispraise_n because_o he_o a_o blind_a leader_n shall_v draw_v a_o great_a number_n of_o undiscreet_a and_o rash_a follower_n as_o well_o geographer_n and_o cosmographer_n as_o chronicler_n and_o historiographer_n to_o the_o hark_v pit_n of_o ignorance_n where_o i_o leave_v they_o at_o this_o time_n remit_v the_o reader_n to_o the_o apology_n of_o sir_n john_n price_n knight_n and_o his_o british_a history_n write_v by_o he_o of_o purpose_n against_o the_o envious_a report_n and_o slanderous_a taint_n of_o the_o say_v polydore_v where_o he_o shall_v see_v a_o great_a number_n of_o his_o error_n confute_v at_o large_a and_o to_o return_v to_o my_o former_a matter_n of_o the_o name_n of_o wales_n wales_n wales_n which_o name_v to_o be_v give_v of_o late_a by_o a_o strange_a nation_n may_v be_v otherwise_o prove_v for_o the_o welshman_n themselves_o do_v not_o understand_v what_o these_o word_n wales_n and_o welch_n do_v signify_v nor_o know_v any_o other_o name_n of_o thou_o country_n or_o themselves_o but_o cambry_a nor_o of_o their_o language_n but_o cambraec_fw-la which_o be_v as_o much_o to_o say_v as_o camber_n language_n or_o speech_n so_o likewise_o they_o know_v not_o what_o england_n or_o english_a mean_v but_o common_o they_o call_v the_o country_n lhoyger_n the_o english_a man_n saison_n saxon._n a_o loâ—rino_n a_o saxon._n and_o the_o english_a tongue_n saisonace_n which_o be_v a_o evident_a token_n that_o this_o be_v the_o same_o language_n which_o the_o britain_n speak_v at_o the_o beginning_n for_o the_o work_n of_o merdhyn_n and_o of_o taliessin_n who_o write_v above_o 1000_o year_n past_a be_v almost_o the_o same_o word_n which_o they_o use_v at_o this_o day_n or_o at_o the_o least_o easy_a to_o be_v understand_v oâ—_n every_o one_o which_o know_v perfect_o the_o welsh_a tongue_n especial_o in_o north_n wales_n beside_o this_o where_o at_o this_o day_n there_o do_v remain_v three_o remnant_n of_o the_o britain_n divide_v every_o one_o from_o other_o with_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v in_o wales_n cornwall_n call_v in_o british_a cerniw_n and_o little_a britain_n yet_o almost_o all_o the_o particular_a word_n of_o these_o three_o people_n be_v all_o one_o although_o in_o pronunciation_n and_o write_n of_o the_o sentence_n they_o differ_v somewhat_o which_o be_v no_o marvel_n see_v that_o the_o pronunciation_n in_o one_o realm_n be_v often_o so_o diverse_a that_o the_o one_o can_v scarce_o understand_v the_o other_o but_o it_o be_v rather_o a_o wonder_n thaâ—_n the_o welshman_n be_v separate_v from_o the_o cornish_a well_o nigh_o these_o 900_o year_n and_o the_o britain_n from_o either_o of_o they_o 290_o year_n before_o that_o and_o have_v small_a traffic_n or_o concourse_n together_o since_o that_o time_n have_v still_o keep_v their_o own_o british_a tongue_n they_o be_v not_o therefore_o to_o be_v credit_v which_o deny_v the_o welsh_a to_o be_v the_o old_a british_a tongue_n and_o here_o i_o can_v pass_v over_o what_o one_o of_o these_o fine_a chronicler_n write_v of_o late_a of_o the_o name_n of_o britain_n affirm_v that_o it_o shall_v be_v so_o call_v of_o brittany_n in_o france_n as_o the_o elder_a of_o that_o name_n but_o sure_o he_o have_v either_o never_o see_v ptolemy_n nor_o caesar_n nor_o any_o other_o ancient_a writer_n or_o read_v they_o with_o small_a judgement_n and_o memory_n for_o there_o he_o may_v have_v learn_v that_o when_o this_o land_n be_v call_v britain_n the_o other_o be_v call_v armorica_n 2._o rob._n caenal_n lib._n 2._o per._n 2._o and_o how_o in_o maximus_n time_n conan_n meriadoc_n be_v the_o first_o that_o give_v it_o that_o name_n and_o inhabit_v it_o with_o britain_n out_o of_o this_o isle_n other_o derivation_n of_o these_o word_n britannia_n and_o albion_n out_o of_o greek_a and_o latin_a i_o be_o ashamed_a to_o rehearse_v for_o unto_o such_o error_n do_v they_o common_o fall_v that_o either_o puff_v up_o with_o vainglory_n of_o their_o own_o wit_n or_o pinch_v with_o despite_n and_o envy_v at_o other_o man_n work_n or_o blind_v with_o igorance_n do_v go_v about_o to_o write_v and_o set_v forth_o any_o history_n or_o chronicle_n but_o pass_v over_o this_o matter_n until_o another_o time_n i_o will_v return_v to_o the_o description_n of_o wales_n wales_n the_o mere_n &_o bound_n of_o wales_n which_o as_o i_o say_v be_v of_o old_a time_n compass_v almost_o about_o with_o the_o irish_a sea_n and_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi and_o severn_n although_o afterward_o the_o saxon_n win_v by_o force_n from_o the_o britain_n all_n the_o plain_a and_o champion_n country_n over_o the_o river_n and_o special_o offa_n king_n of_o mercia_n who_o make_v a_o ditch_n of_o great_a breadth_n and_o depth_n to_o be_v 〈◊〉_d mear_n betwixt_o his_o kingdom_n and_o wales_n which_o ditch_n begin_v at_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi by_o bassingwerk_n between_o chester_n and_o ruthlan_n and_o run_v along_o the_o hill_n side_n to_o the_o south_n sea_n a_o little_a below_o bristol_n reach_v above_o a_o hundred_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o be_v in_o many_o place_n to_o be_v see_v at_o this_o day_n bear_v the_o name_n of_o clawdh_n offa_n that_o be_v to_o say_v offa_n ditch_n and_o the_o country_n between_o it_o and_o england_n be_v common_o call_v in_o welch_n y_fw-fr mars_n although_o the_o great_a part_n of_o it_o be_v now_o inhabit_v by_o welshman_n namely_o in_o north-wales_n which_o yet_o keep_v the_o ancient_a limit_n to_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi and_o in_o some_o place_n over_o it_o other_o as_o sylvester_n giraldus_n make_v the_o river_n why_o call_v in_o welsh_a gwy_n to_o be_v the_o mear_n between_o england_n and_o wales_n on_o the_o south_n part_n call_v south-wales_n who_o measure_v the_o breadth_n of_o wales_n from_o salow_v or_o willoweford_n call_v rhyd_n your_o helig_v upon_o why_o to_o st._n david_n in_o menevia_n 100_o mile_n and_o the_o length_n from_o caerlheon_n upon_o ysc_n in_o gwentland_n to_o holybead_n call_v caergybi_n in_o anglesey_n in_o welsh_a call_v môn_o above_o 100_o miles_n and_o these_o be_v the_o common_a mere_n at_o this_o day_n although_o the_o welsh_a tongue_n be_v common_o use_v and_o speak_v in_o england_n beyond_o these_o old_a mears_n a_o great_a way_n as_o in_o hereford-shire_n gloucestershire_n and_o a_o part_n of_o shropshire_n and_o thus_o for_o the_o general_a description_n of_o wales_n which_o afterward_o about_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 870._o rodericus_fw-la magnus_fw-la king_n of_o wales_n divide_v into_o three_o territory_n which_o they_o call_v kingdom_n which_o remain_v until_o of_o late_a day_n these_o three_o be_v gwynedh_n in_o english_a north-wales_n deheubarth_n in_o english_a south-wales_n and_o powys-land_n in_o every_o of_o the_o which_o he_o ordain_v a_o princely_a seat_n or_o court_n for_o the_o prince_n to_o remain_v at_o most_o common_o as_o in_o gwynedh_n which_o some_o old_a writer_n call_v venedoâ—â—â—_n for_o gwynethia_n aberffraw_n in_o the_o islle_v of_o môn_n or_o anglesey_n aberffraw_n aberffraw_n in_o deheubarth_n call_v in_o latin_a demetia_n caâ—mardyn_n from_o whence_o it_o be_v afterward_o remove_v to_o dynefowr_n mathrafal_n dynefowr_n mathrafal_n eight_o mile_n thence_o in_o powy_n pengwern_n call_v y_o mwythic_a and_o in_o english_a shrewsbury_n from_o whence_o it_o be_v remove_v to_o mathrafal_n in_o powys-land_n and_o because_o this_o history_n do_v as_o well_o entreat_v of_o war_n betwixt_o these_o three_o province_n as_o betwixt_o they_o and_o the_o saxon_n norman_n and_o fleming_n i_o think_v it_o good_a to_o set_v forth_o the_o particular_a description_n of_o every_o part_n by_o itself_o and_o first_o of_o north-wales_n as_o the_o chief_a part_n which_o he_o give_v his_o elder_a son_n ordain_v that_o either_o of_o the_o other_o two_o shall_v pay_v he_o yearly_a 200_o l._n of_o tribute_n north-wales_n north-wales_n as_o it_o appear_v in_o the_o law_n of_o howel_n dha_n which_o be_v to_o be_v have_v in_o welsh_a and_o also_o in_o latin_n therefore_o gwynedh_n call_v north-wales_n have_v upon_o the_o north-side_n the_o sea_n from_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi at_o basing-werke_a to_o aberdyfi_n and_o upon_o the_o west_n and_o south-west_n the_o river_n dyfi_n which_o divide_v it_o from_o south-wales_n and_o in_o some_o place_n from_o powys-land_n and_o on_o the_o south_n and_o east_n it_o be_v divide_v from_o powy_n sometime_o with_o mountain_n and_o sometime_o with_o river_n till_o be_v come_v to_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi again_o this_o land_n be_v of_o old_a time_n divide_v to_o four_o part_n of_o which_o the_o chief_a be_v môn_v môn_n môn_n in_o english_a call_v anglesey_n where_o the_o prince_n chief_a house_n be_v at_o aberffraw_n which_o be_v a_o island_n separate_v from_o
natural_a fortification_n the_o welsh_a still_o make_v inroad_n into_o their_o territory_n and_o seldom_o return_v without_o some_o considerable_a booty_n and_o advantage_n the_o saxon_n be_v hearty_o nettle_v at_o these_o bo-peeping_a ravager_n and_o will_v compliment_v they_o still_o to_o their_o holes_n but_o dare_v not_o pursue_v they_o further_o for_o fear_v they_o shall_v be_v entrap_v by_o such_o as_o defend_v the_o strait_n and_o passage_n into_o the_o rock_n king_n offa_n perceive_v that_o he_o can_v effect_v nothing_o by_o these_o measure_n annex_v the_o country_n about_o severn_n and_o wye_n to_o his_o kingdom_n of_o mercia_n and_o plant_v the_o same_o with_o saxon_n and_o for_o a_o far_a security_n against_o the_o endless_a invasion_n of_o the_o welsh_a he_o make_v a_o deep_a ditch_n extend_v from_o one_o sea_n to_o the_o other_o call_v clawdâ—_n offa_n or_o offa_n dike_n upon_o which_o account_n the_o royal_a seat_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o powy_n be_v translate_v from_o pengwern_n now_o shrewsbury_n to_o mathraval_n in_o montgâ—meryshire_n a.d._n 795_o while_n these_o thing_n be_v transact_v in_o the_o west_n the_o dane_n begin_v to_o grow_v powerful_a at_o sea_n and_o dare_v venture_v to_o land_n in_o the_o north_n of_o england_n but_o without_o do_v any_o great_a hurt_n be_v force_v to_o betake_v themselves_o to_o their_o ship_n again_o within_o six_o year_n after_o they_o land_v again_o in_o great_a number_n and_o prove_v much_o more_o terrible_a they_o ravage_v and_o destroy_v a_o great_a part_n of_o linsey_n and_o northumberland_n overran_a the_o best_a part_n of_o ireland_n and_o miserable_o waste_v rechreyn_n at_o the_o same_o time_n a_o considerable_a battle_n be_v fight_v at_o ruthlan_n between_o the_o saxon_n and_o the_o welsh_a wherein_o caradoc_n king_n of_o north_n wales_n be_v kill_v the_o government_n of_o wales_n be_v as_o yet_o green_a and_o not_o firm_o root_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o perpetual_a quarrel_n and_o disturbance_n between_o the_o welsh_a and_o the_o saxon_n so_o that_o the_o chief_a person_n or_o lord_n of_o any_o country_n assume_v to_o himself_o the_o title_n of_o king_n caradoc_n be_v a_o person_n of_o great_a esteem_n and_o reputation_n in_o north_n wales_n and_o one_o that_o do_v very_o much_o contribute_v towards_o the_o security_n of_o the_o country_n against_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o saxon_n he_o be_v son_n to_o gwyn_n the_o son_n of_o colhoyn_n the_o son_n of_o ednowen_a son_n to_o blethyn_n the_o son_n of_o blecius_fw-la or_o bledericus_n prince_n of_o cornwall_n and_o devonshire_n offa_n king_n of_o mercia_n do_v not_o long_o survive_v he_o and_o be_v succeed_v by_o his_o son_n egfert_n who_o in_o a_o short_a time_n leave_v his_o kingdom_n also_o to_o kenulphus_n a_o year_n after_o that_o egbertus_fw-la be_v create_v king_n of_o the_o west_n saxon_n about_o the_o same_o time_n die_v arthen_a son_n to_o sitsylht_n the_o son_n of_o clydawc_n king_n of_o cardigan_n and_o sometime_o after_o run_v king_n of_o dyfed_a and_o cadelh_n king_n of_o powy_n who_o be_v follow_v by_o elbodius_n archbishop_n of_o north_n wales_n before_o who_o death_n happen_v a_o very_a severe_a eclipse_n of_o the_o sun_n the_o year_n follow_v the_o moon_n be_v likewise_o a.d._n 808_o eclipse_v upon_o christmas-day_n these_o fatality_n and_o eclipse_n do_v portend_v no_o success_n to_o the_o welsh_a affair_n the_o lay_n of_o s._n david_n in_o ash_n by_o the_o west_n saxon_n be_v follow_v by_o a_o general_a and_o a_o very_a grievous_a murrain_n of_o cattle_n which_o be_v like_a to_o impoverish_v the_o whole_a country_n the_o follow_a year_n owen_n the_o son_n of_o meredith_n the_o son_n of_o terudos_n dye_v and_o the_o castle_n of_o deganwy_n be_v ruin_v and_o destroy_v by_o thunder_n but_o these_o several_a loss_n which_o the_o welsh_a sustain_v can_v not_o reconcile_v prince_n conan_n and_o his_o brother_n howel_n but_o they_o must_v needs_o quarrel_v and_o contend_v with_o one_o another_o when_o they_o have_v the_o great_a occasion_n to_o embrace_v and_o unite_v their_o endeavour_n against_o the_o common_a enemy_n howel_n claim_v the_o isle_n of_o anglesey_n as_o part_v of_o his_o father_n inheritance_n which_o conan_n will_v by_o no_o mean_n hearken_v to_o nor_o consent_n that_o his_o brother_n shall_v take_v possession_n of_o it_o it_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o wales_n that_o a_o father_n estate_n shall_v be_v equal_o distribute_v between_o all_o his_o son_n and_o howel_n by_o virtue_n of_o this_o custom_n common_o call_v gavelkind_n from_o the_o word_n gafel_n to_o hold_v claim_v that_o island_n as_o his_o father_n estate_n this_o custom_n of_o gavelkind_n have_v be_v the_o occasion_n of_o the_o ruin_n and_o diminution_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o all_o the_o ancient_a nobility_n in_o wales_n which_o be_v endless_o divide_v between_o the_o several_a son_n of_o the_o same_o family_n be_v at_o length_n reduce_v to_o nothing_o from_o hence_o also_o proceed_v several_a unnatural_a war_n and_o disturbance_n between_o brother_n who_o be_v either_o not_o satisfy_v with_o their_o portion_n or_o displease_v with_o the_o country_n they_o be_v to_o possess_v dispute_v their_o right_n by_o dint_n of_o the_o sword_n this_o prove_v very_o true_a in_o this_o present_a instance_n for_o howel_n will_v not_o suffer_v himself_o to_o be_v cheat_v out_o of_o his_o paternal_a inheritance_n and_o therefore_o he_o will_v endeavour_v to_o recover_v it_o by_o force_n of_o arms._n both_o army_n be_v engage_v the_o victory_n fall_v to_o howel_n who_o immediate_o thereupon_o possess_v himself_o of_o the_o island_n and_o valiant_o maintain_v it_o against_o the_o power_n and_o strength_n of_o his_o brother_n conan_n the_o welsh_a be_v thus_o at_o variance_n and_o enmity_n among_o themselves_o and_o strive_v how_o to_o destroy_v one_o another_o have_v yet_o another_o disaster_n add_v to_o their_o misfortune_n for_o the_o follow_a year_n they_o receive_v a_o very_a considerable_a loss_n by_o thunder_n which_o very_o much_o spoil_v and_o annoy_v the_o country_n and_o lay_v several_a house_n and_o town_n in_o ash_n about_o the_o same_o time_n gruffith_n the_o son_n of_o run_v a_o person_n of_o considerable_a quality_n in_o wales_n dye_v and_o griffri_n the_o son_n of_o kyâ—gen_n be_v treacherous_o murder_v by_o the_o practice_n of_o his_o brother_n elis._n but_o conan_n can_v not_o rest_v satisfy_v with_o his_o brother_n howel_n forcible_a possession_n of_o the_o island_n of_o anglesey_n and_o therefore_o he_o be_v resolve_v to_o give_v he_o another_o battle_n and_o to_o force_v he_o to_o restore_v and_o yield_v up_o the_o possession_n of_o that_o country_n which_o he_o have_v now_o violent_o keep_v in_o his_o hand_n howel_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n be_v as_o resolute_o bend_v to_o maintain_v his_o ground_n and_o not_o to_o deliver_v up_o a_o foot_n of_o what_o he_o be_v now_o upon_o a_o double_a respect_n viz._n his_o father_n legacy_n and_o his_o late_a conquest_n owner_n of_o willing_o meet_v his_o brother_n put_v he_o to_o flight_n and_o kill_v a_o great_a number_n of_o his_o force_n conan_n be_v cruel_o enrage_v at_o this_o shameful_a overthrow_n and_o therefore_o make_v a_o firm_a resolution_n either_o to_o recover_v the_o island_n from_o his_o brother_n or_o to_o sacrifice_v his_o life_n and_o his_o crown_n in_o the_o quarrel_n have_v draw_v up_o all_o a.d._n 817_o the_o force_n he_o can_v raise_v together_o he_o march_v to_o anglesey_n to_o seek_v his_o brother_n howel_n who_o be_v too_o weak_a to_o encounter_v and_o oppose_v so_o considerable_a a_o number_n be_v compel_v to_o make_v his_o escape_n to_o the_o isle_n of_o man_n and_o to_o leave_v the_o island_n of_o anglesey_n to_o the_o mercy_n of_o his_o brother_n but_o conan_n do_v not_o live_v long_o to_o reap_v the_o satisfaction_n of_o this_o victory_n but_o die_v in_o a_o short_a time_n leave_v issue_n behind_o he_o one_o only_a daughter_n call_v esylht_v marry_v to_o a_o nobleman_n of_o wales_n name_v merfyn_n frych_n he_o be_v son_n to_o gwyriad_n or_o vriet_n the_o son_n of_o elidure_n who_o lineal_o descend_v from_o belinus_n the_o brother_n of_o brennus_n king_n of_o the_o britain_n his_o mother_n be_v nest_n the_o daughter_n of_o cadelh_n king_n of_o powy_n the_o son_n of_o brochwel_n yscithroc_n who_o together_o with_o cadfan_n king_n of_o britain_n morgan_n king_n of_o demetia_n and_o bledericus_n king_n of_o cornwall_n give_v that_o memorable_a overthrow_n to_o ethelred_n king_n of_o northumberland_n upon_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi in_o the_o year_n 617._o this_o brochwel_n by_o the_o latin_a writer_n name_v brecivallus_fw-la and_o brochmaelus_fw-la be_v a_o very_a considerable_a prince_n in_o that_o part_n of_o britain_n call_v powys-land_n as_o also_o earl_n of_o chester_n and_o live_v in_o the_o town_n then_o call_v pengwern_n powy_n now_o salop_n in_o the_o house_n where_o since_o the_o college_n of_o s._n
chad_n stand_v he_o be_v a_o great_a friend_n and_o a_o favourer_n to_o the_o monk_n of_o bangor_n who_o part_n he_o take_v against_o the_o saxon_n that_o be_v set_v on_o by_o augustine_n the_o monk_n to_o prosecute_v they_o with_o fire_n and_o sword_n because_o they_o will_v not_o forsake_v the_o custom_n of_o their_o own_o church_n and_o conform_v to_o those_o of_o rome_n merfyn_n frych_n and_o esylht_n conan_n be_v dead_a merfyn_n frych_n and_o his_o wife_n esylht_n who_o be_v sole_a heir_n to_o conan_n take_v upon_o they_o the_o government_n or_o principality_n of_o wales_n this_o merfyn_n be_v king_n of_o man_n and_o son_n to_o gwyriat_n and_o nest_n the_o daughter_n of_o cadelh_n ap_fw-mi brochwel_fw-mi ap_fw-mi elis_n king_n of_o powy_n howel_n be_v forcible_o eject_v out_o of_o anglesey_n by_o his_o brother_n conan_n tindaethwy_n and_o escape_v to_o the_o island_n of_o man_n be_v honourable_o and_o kind_o receive_v by_o merfyn_n in_o return_n of_o who_o civility_n howel_n use_v such_o mean_n afterward_o that_o merfyn_n marry_v esylht_v the_o daughter_n and_o heir_n of_o his_o brother_n conan_n though_o other_o say_v that_o he_o die_v present_o after_o his_o escape_n to_o merfyn_n howel_n after_o that_o he_o have_v for_o about_o five_o year_n enjoy_v the_o isle_n of_o man_n and_o other_o land_n in_o the_o north_n give_v he_o by_o merfyn_n to_o hold_v under_o he_o dye_v about_o the_o year_n 825_o after_o who_o death_n they_o again_o return_v to_o merfyn_n who_o ancestor_n have_v always_o hold_v the_o same_o under_o the_o king_n of_o the_o britain_n and_o so_o upon_o his_o marriage_n with_o esylht_n the_o isle_n of_o man_n be_v annex_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o wales_n in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o their_o reign_n egbert_n the_o powerful_a king_n of_o the_o west_n saxon_n enter_v with_o a_o mighty_a army_n into_o wales_n destroy_v and_o waste_v the_o country_n as_o far_o as_o snowden_n hill_n and_o seize_v upon_o the_o lordship_n of_o rhyvoniec_n in_o denbighland_n about_o the_o same_o time_n a_o very_a sore_a battle_n be_v fight_v in_o anglesey_n between_o the_o saxon_n and_o the_o welsh_a call_v from_o the_o place_n where_o this_o fight_n happen_v the_o battle_n of_o lhanvaes_n a.d._n 819_o fortune_n seem_v all_o this_o while_n to_o frown_v upon_o the_o welsh_a and_o their_o affair_n succeed_v very_o ill_a for_o short_o after_o that_o egbert_n have_v advance_v his_o colour_n as_o far_o as_o snowden_n kenulph_n king_n of_o mercia_n waste_v the_o country_n of_o west_n wales_n overran_a and_o destroy_a â—owis-land_n and_o great_o disturb_v and_o incommoded_a â—he_n welch_n nation_n soon_o after_o this_o kenulph_n die_v â—nd_n be_v succeed_v by_o kenelm_n and_o he_o in_o a_o short_a â—â—me_n by_o ceolwulph_n who_o after_o two_o year_n reign_n leave_v â—he_v kingdom_n of_o mercia_n to_o bernulph_n egbert_n king_n of_o the_o west_n saxon_n be_v grow_v very_o strong_a and_o powerful_a able_a to_o reduce_v all_o the_o petty_a kingdom_n in_o britain_n under_o one_o single_a monarchy_n upon_o â—he_n thought_n of_o which_o he_o set_v upon_o bernulph_n king_n of_o mercia_n and_o vanquish_v he_o at_o elledowne_n and_o afterward_o bring_v under_o subjection_n the_o country_n of_o kent_n and_o of_o the_o west_n angle_n but_o the_o britain_n can_v â—ot_n be_v so_o easy_o subdue_v for_o after_o a_o long_a and_o a_o cruel_a â—ight_n at_o gavelford_n between_o they_o and_o the_o west_n saxon_n of_o devonshire_n in_o which_o several_a thousand_o be_v â—â—ain_o on_o both_o side_n the_o victory_n remain_v uncertain_a he_o have_v better_a success_n against_o wyhtlafe_a king_n of_o mercia_n a.d._n 829_o who_o dominion_n he_o easy_o add_v to_o his_o now_o increase_a monarchy_n and_o pass_v humber_n he_o quick_o â—educed_v that_o country_n to_o his_o subjection_n the_o saxon_a heptarchy_n be_v now_o become_v one_o kingdom_n and_o egâ—ert_v sole_a monarch_n of_o all_o the_o country_n that_o the_o saxonsâ—ossessed_v â—ossessed_z in_o britain_n which_o name_n he_o order_v shall_v â—e_v change_v to_o england_n his_o people_n to_o be_v call_v enâ—lishmen_n and_o the_o language_n english_a they_o who_o come_v over_o out_o of_o germany_n into_o this_o â—sland_n to_o aid_v the_o britain_n against_o their_o enemy_n the_o pict_n and_o scot_n be_v partly_o saxon_n angles_n and_o outhe_n from_o the_o first_o of_o which_o come_v the_o people_n of_o essex_n suffex_n middlesex_n and_o the_o westsaxons_a from_o â—he_n angle_n the_o east_n angle_n the_o mercian_n and_o they_o â—hat_n inhabit_v the_o north_n side_n of_o humber_n from_o the_o juthe_n the_o kentishman_n and_o they_o that_o settle_v in_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n these_o german_n after_o that_o they_o have_v drive_v â—he_n britain_n beyond_o severn_n and_o dee_n erect_v seven_o kingdom_n call_v the_o heptarchy_n in_o the_o other_o part_n of_o â—he_n island_n whereof_o 1._o kent_n 2._o of_o the_o south-saxons_a contain_v sussex_n and_o surrey_n 3._o the_o east-angle_n in_o norfolk_n suffolk_n and_o cambridgshire_n 4._o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o westsaxons_a comprehend_v berkshire_n devonshire_n somersetshire_n and_o cornwall_n 5._o mercia_n contain_v gloucester_n hereford_n worcester_z shropshire_n stafford_n cheshire_n warwick_n leicester_n derby_n nottingham_n lincoln_n northampton_n oxford_n buckingham_z bedford_z and_o half_a hartfordshire_n 6_o the_o east-saxons_a contain_v essex_n middlesex_n and_o the_o other_o part_n of_o hartford_n 7._o of_o the_o northumbrian_n take_v in_o all_o the_o country_n beyond_o hamber_n which_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o part_n deyra_n and_o bernicia_n the_o first_o from_o humber_n to_o tyne_n the_o other_o from_o tyne_n to_o the_o scottish_a sea_n egbert_n king_n of_o the_o westsaxons_a have_v several_o conquer_v these_o kingdom_n annex_v they_o together_o and_o comprehend_v they_o under_o one_o monarchy_n which_o be_v call_v the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n 96â—_n year_n after_o the_o come_n of_o brute_n to_o this_o island_n 383_o year_n after_o the_o land_n of_o hengist_n and_o 149_o after_o the_o departure_n of_o cadwallader_n to_o rome_n egbert_n have_v thus_o unite_v under_o one_o government_n these_o several_a kingdom_n which_o use_v continual_o molest_v and_o to_o encroach_v upon_o each_o other_o territory_n may_v reasonable_o have_v expect_v to_o enjoy_v his_o neâ—â—_n a.d._n 883_o kingdom_n quiet_o and_o not_o fear_v any_o disturbance_n oâ—_n trouble_v in_o his_o dominion_n but_o no_o soon_o be_v hâ—_n establish_v king_n of_o england_n but_o the_o dane_n begin_v 〈◊〉_d threaten_v new_a commotion_n and_o land_v in_o great_a number_n and_o in_o divers_a place_n of_o the_o kingdom_n egberâ—_n fight_v several_a battle_n with_o they_o and_o with_o varioâ—â—_n success_n at_o length_n the_o dane_n land_v in_o west-wales_n march_v forward_o for_o england_n be_v join_v by_o a_o greaâ—_n number_n of_o welch_n and_o meet_v egbert_n upon_o hengist_n doâ—â—_n where_o a_o severe_a battle_n be_v fight_v and_o the_o dane_n pâ—â—_n to_o a_o total_a rout_n the_o welsh_a suffer_v severe_o fâ—â—_n this_o egbert_n be_v high_o incense_v that_o the_o danâ—â—_n be_v support_v by_o they_o lay_v siege_n to_o caer_n lheon_n 〈◊〉_d dhyfrdwy_n or_o chester_n the_o chief_a city_n of_o venedotiâ—â—_n which_o hitherto_o have_v remain_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o welsh_a take_v the_o town_n and_z among_o other_o tokeâ—_n of_o his_o indignation_n he_o cause_v the_o brazen_a effigy_n oâ—_n cadwalhon_n king_n of_o britain_n to_o be_v pull_v down_o and_o deface_v and_o upon_o pain_n of_o death_n forbid_v the_o erect_v 〈◊〉_d such_o again_o he_o issue_v out_o also_o a_o proclamation_n by_o thâ—_n instigation_n of_o his_o wife_n redburga_n who_o always_o bear_v a_o inveterate_a malice_n to_o the_o welsh_a command_v all_o that_o â—ere_z any_o way_n extract_v from_o british_a blood_n to_o deâ—art_v with_o all_o their_o effect_n out_o of_o his_o kingdom_n within_o â—â—x_n month_n upon_o pain_n of_o death_n these_o be_v very_o â—â—vere_a and_o insupportable_a term_n but_o he_o do_v not_o live_v â—ong_a to_o see_v they_o put_v in_o execution_n for_o die_v short_o â—fter_o the_o battle_n of_o hengestdown_n he_o be_v succeed_v by_o â—on_n ethelwulph_n this_o king_n ethelwulph_n marry_v his_o daughter_n to_o berthr_v who_o be_v his_o tributary_n king_n of_o mercia_n by_o who_o help_n he_o successful_o oppose_v the_o â—ruel_a incursion_n of_o the_o dane_n who_o miserable_o destroy_v the_o seacoast_n of_o england_n with_o fire_n and_o 〈◊〉_d these_o danish_a commotion_n be_v indifferent_o well_o appease_v berthred_a king_n of_o mercia_n set_v â—pon_o the_o welsh_a between_o who_o a_o remarkable_a battle_n â—as_v seek_v at_o a_o place_n call_v kettell_n where_o merfyn_n â—rych_a king_n of_o the_o britain_n be_v kill_v leave_v to_o â—â—cceed_v he_o in_o the_o government_n of_o wales_n his_o son_n roâ—eric_a mawr_z or_o the_o great_a roderic_n the_o great_a merfyn_n frych_n have_v lose_v his_o life_n and_o with_o it_o his_o a.d._n 843_o kingdom_n in_o
how_o sweet_a the_o spoil_n of_o a_o country_n much_o more_o fertile_a than_o their_o own_o be_v â—hey_n can_v not_o rest_v satisfy_v with_o what_o they_o have_v already_o obtain_v but_o must_v needs_o make_v a_o far_a progress_n into_o the_o country_n and_o fall_v upon_o the_o kingdom_n â—f_n the_o east-angle_n edmund_n king_n of_o that_o country_n â—eing_v not_o able_a to_o endure_v their_o insolence_n endeavour_v to_o oppose_v they_o but_o in_o the_o undertake_n be_v â—nfortunately_o slay_v and_o now_o after_o the_o same_o manâ—er_a that_o the_o saxon_n have_v former_o attain_v to_o the_o conquest_n of_o britain_n the_o dane_n proceed_v to_o the_o conquest_n of_o england_n for_o the_o saxon_n have_v find_v out_o â—he_v sweetness_n of_o this_o island_n and_o withal_o discover_v â—he_v weakness_n and_o inability_n of_o the_o britain_n to_o oppose_v â—hem_fw-mi bring_v over_o their_o number_n by_o degree_n and_o â—n_o several_a company_n by_o which_o they_o weary_v and_o â—ired_v out_o the_o british_a army_n for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o â—othing_n can_v conduce_v more_o to_o the_o conquest_n of_o a_o â—sland_n than_o the_o land_n a_o army_n at_o several_a place_n â—nd_v at_o several_a time_n which_o distract_v the_o counsel_n â—nd_v proceed_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o which_o at_o â—his_n time_n for_o want_n of_o sufficient_a power_n at_o sea_n can_v â—ot_n be_v prevent_v and_o so_o the_o dane_n be_v inform_v of_o the_o good_a success_n of_o hungare_n and_o hubba_n in_o england_n send_v over_o another_o army_n under_o the_o command_n of_o basreck_n and_o ald_a who_o land_v in_o west-sax_n and_o â—ought_v five_o battle_n with_o king_n ethelred_n and_o his_o brother_n alfred_n namely_o at_o henglefield_n estondown_n redding_n basin_n and_o mereton_n in_o which_o two_o first_o the_o english_a overcome_v and_o the_o three_o last_v the_o dane_n get_v the_o victory_n soon_o after_o this_o ethelred_n die_v leave_v his_o kingdom_n to_o his_o brother_n alfred_n who_o no_o soon_o have_v take_v the_o government_n upon_o he_o but_o consider_v with_o himself_o what_o a_o heavy_a burden_n he_o be_v to_o sustain_v and_o therefore_o he_o begin_v to_o inquire_v after_o the_o wise_a and_o learned_a est_fw-fr man_n that_o he_o can_v hear_v of_o to_o be_v direct_v by_o they_o who_o he_o worthy_o entertain_v make_v use_n of_o their_o advice_n as_o well_o in_o the_o public_a government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o in_o his_o private_a study_n and_o conference_n of_o learning_n he_o send_v for_o two_o man_n famous_o learned_a out_o of_o wales_n the_o one_o call_v john_n de_fw-fr erigena_n surname_v scotus_n the_o other_o asserius_fw-la surname_v menevensis_n dâ—_n erigena_n be_v bear_v at_o menevia_n or_o st._n david_n and_o be_v bring_v up_o in_o that_o college_n who_o for_o the_o sake_n oâ—_n learning_n have_v travel_v to_o athens_n and_o bestow_v there_o many_o year_n in_o the_o study_n of_o the_o greek_a hebreâ—_n and_o chaldaic_a tongue_n and_o the_o secret_a mystery_n oâ—_n philosophy_n come_v to_o france_n where_o he_o be_v well_o accept_v of_o by_o carolus_n calvus_n or_o charles_n the_o bald_a anâ—_n ludovicus_n balbus_n or_o lewis_n the_o stammerer_n and_o therâ—_n translate_v the_o work_n of_o dionysius_n areopagita_n dâ—_n coelesti_fw-la hierarchia_fw-la out_o of_o the_o greek_a into_o the_o laâ—â—_n tongue_n be_v return_v home_o to_o wales_n he_o wâ—â—_n send_v for_o by_o this_o king_n alfred_n who_o be_v then_o found_v and_o erect_v the_o university_n of_o oxford_n of_o whicâ—_n erigena_n become_v the_o first_o professor_n and_o public_a reader_n but_o king_n alfred_n bear_v so_o great_a a_o respect_n tâ—_n learning_n that_o he_o will_v suffer_v none_o to_o bear_v any_o considerable_a office_n in_o his_o court_n but_o such_o as_o be_v learned_a and_o withal_o exhort_v all_o person_n to_o embrace_v learning_n and_o to_o honour_n learned_a men._n but_o though_o 〈◊〉_d love_n to_o learning_n be_v seldom_o reconcilable_a with_o a_o warlike_a and_o a_o military_a life_n king_n alfred_n be_v also_o forceâ—_n to_o regard_v the_o discipline_n of_o war_n to_o defend_v his_o kingdom_n against_o the_o increase_a power_n of_o the_o dane_n foâ—_n he_o be_v scarce_o settle_v in_o his_o throne_n but_o this_o restless_a and_o ever_o troublesome_a people_n begin_v to_o molest_v and_o destroy_v his_o country_n insomuch_o that_o he_o be_v of_o necessity_n force_v to_o oppose_v they_o which_o he_o do_v twice_o upon_o thâ—_n southside_n of_o the_o river_n thames_n in_o which_o engagement_n he_o slay_v of_o the_o dane_n one_o king_n nine_o earl_n together_o with_o a_o innumerable_a multitude_n of_o inferior_a soldier_n about_o the_o same_o time_n gwgan_n ap_fw-mi meyric_n 〈◊〉_d dunwal_n ap_fw-mi arthen_n ab_fw-la sitsylht_n prince_n of_o cardigan_n die_v be_v as_o some_o say_v unfortunate_o drown_v but_o the_o â—ate_z victory_n which_o alfred_n have_v obtain_v over_o the_o dane_n do_v not_o so_o much_o weaken_v and_o dishearten_v they_o â—ut_v that_o in_o a_o short_a time_n they_o recover_v their_o spirit_n â—nd_v begin_v again_o to_o look_v terrible_a and_o threaten_a for_o 〈◊〉_d soon_o as_o they_o can_v reunite_v their_o scatter_a force_n â—hey_v set_v upon_o and_o destroy_v the_o town_n of_o alclyde_n wan_a â—he_n city_n of_o london_n and_o redding_n overran_a all_o the_o inâ—â—nd_a country_n and_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o mercia_n â—nother_n army_n of_o dane_n at_o the_o same_o time_n prove_v â—ery_o successful_a in_o the_o north_n and_o possess_v themselves_o of_o â—he_n country_n of_o northumberland_n which_o action_n do_v â—ot_n so_o much_o grieve_v the_o english_a as_o trouble_v and_o vex_v â—he_n pict_n and_o scot_n who_o be_v incessant_o gaul_v and_o frequent_o beat_v off_o by_o these_o danish_a troop_n the_o â—ext_a year_n three_o of_o the_o danish_a captain_n march_v â—â—om_n cambridge_n towards_o warham_n in_o dorsetshire_n of_o â—hich_v expedition_n king_n alfred_n be_v inform_v present_o detach_v his_o force_n to_o oppose_v they_o and_o to_o â—ffer_v they_o battle_n the_o dane_n be_v so_o startle_v at_o â—â—is_n that_o they_o immediate_o desire_v peace_n and_o willing_o consent_v forthwith_o to_o depart_v out_o of_o the_o county_n and_o to_o forswear_v the_o sight_n of_o english_a ground_n accord_v to_o which_o capitulation_n the_o horse_n that_o â—â—ght_n march_v for_o exeter_n and_o the_o foot_n be_v ship_v â—ff_n be_v all_o of_o they_o drown_v at_o sandwich_n the_o dane_n have_v thus_o abjure_v england_n be_v not_o willing_a â—o_o return_v home_o empty_a but_o think_v it_o prudent_a to_o â—end_n their_o course_n against_o wales_n they_o fancy_v that_o â—â—ey_n be_v like_a to_o meet_v with_o no_o great_a opposition_n from_o â—â—e_v welch_n and_o therefore_o can_v carve_v for_o themselves_o accord_v as_o their_o fancy_n direct_v they_o but_o have_v end_v their_o army_n in_o anglesey_n they_o quick_o experience_v the_o contrary_a prince_n roderic_n oppose_v they_o â—ave_n they_o two_o battle_n one_o at_o a_o place_n call_v bengole_n a.d._n 873_o â—nd_n the_o other_o at_o menegid_a in_o anglesey_n at_o the_o same_o time_n â—nother_n army_n of_o dane_n under_o the_o command_n of_o â—alden_a and_o hungare_n land_v in_o south-wales_n overran_a â—â—e_v whole_a country_n destroy_v all_o before_o they_o neiâ—â—er_o spare_v church_n nor_o religious_a house_n but_o â—â—ey_v receive_v their_o due_a reward_n at_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o westsaxons_a who_o meet_v with_o they_o on_o the_o coast_n of_o devonshire_n slay_v both_o halden_n and_o hungare_n with_o 1200_o of_o their_o men._n the_o same_o year_n einion_n bishop_n of_o st._n david_n die_v and_o be_v the_o follow_a year_n succeed_v by_o hubert_n who_o be_v install_v in_o his_o place_n a.d._n 876_o the_o english_a be_v rid_v of_o their_o powerful_a and_o ever_o restless_a enemy_n the_o dane_n begin_v now_o to_o quarrel_n with_o the_o welsh_a enter_v into_o anglesey_n with_o a_o numerous_a army_n fight_v a_o fore_a battle_n with_o roderic_n who_o together_o with_o his_o brother_n or_o as_o other_o say_v his_o son_n gwyriad_n be_v unhappy_o slay_v in_o the_o field_n which_o battle_n be_v call_v by_o the_o welsh_a gwaith_n duw_fw-we sul_z y_z mon._n this_o roderic_n have_v issue_n by_o his_o wife_n anghârad_n anarawd_n cadelh_n and_o merfyn_n the_o last_o of_o which_o giraldus_n cambrensis_fw-la contrary_a to_o the_o vulgar_a and_o receive_a opinion_n will_v have_v to_o be_v the_o elder_a son_n of_o roderic_n upon_o who_o be_v bestow_v the_o principality_n of_o north-wales_n for_o it_o be_v unanimous_o grant_v that_o rodeâ—â—â—_n be_v undoubted_a proprietor_n of_o all_o the_o dominion_n oâ—_n wales_n north-wales_n descend_v unto_o he_o by_o his_o mother_n esylht_v the_o daughter_n and_o sole_a heir_n of_o conan_n tyâ—daethwy_n south-wales_n by_o his_o wife_n anghârad_v the_o daughter_n of_o meyric_n ap_fw-mi dyfnwal_n ap_fw-mi arthen_n ap_fw-mi sitsylht_n kâ—â—â—_n of_o cardigan_n powis_n by_o nest_n the_o sister_n and_o heir_n oâ—_n congen_fw-mi ap_fw
for_o the_o regaining_a of_o the_o say_a country_n but_o the_o northern_a britain_n who_o have_v settle_v themselves_o there_o have_v intelligence_n of_o his_o design_n for_o the_o better_a security_n of_o their_o cattle_n and_o other_o effect_n remove_v they_o beyond_o the_o river_n conwey_n prince_n anarawd_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n be_v not_o idle_a but_o draw_v together_o all_o the_o strength_n he_o can_v raise_v encamp_v his_o army_n near_o the_o town_n of_o conwey_n at_o a_o place_n call_v cymryt_n where_o himself_o and_o his_o man_n have_v make_v gallant_a resistance_n against_o the_o press_a effort_n of_o the_o saxon_n obtain_v a_o very_a complete_a victory_n this_o battle_n be_v by_o some_o call_v gwaeth_n cymryt_n conwey_n by_o reason_n that_o it_o be_v fight_v in_o the_o township_n of_o cymryt_n near_o conwey_n but_o prince_n anarawd_n will_v have_v it_o call_v dial_n rodri_n because_o he_o have_v there_o revenge_v the_o death_n of_o his_o father_n rodri._n in_o this_o battle_n tadwal_n rodri_n son_n receive_v a_o wound_n in_o the_o knee_n which_o make_v he_o be_v denominate_v tudwal_n glôff_n ever_o after_o but_o for_o his_o signal_n service_n in_o this_o action_n his_o brethren_n bestow_v upon_o he_o vchelogoed_n gwynedd_n but_o the_o britain_n pursue_n their_o victory_n chase_v the_o saxon_n quite_o out_o of_o wales_n into_o mercia_n where_o have_v burn_v and_o destroy_v the_o border_n they_o return_v home_o lade_v with_o rich_a spoil_n and_o so_o take_v possession_n of_o the_o country_n betwixt_o chester_n and_o conwey_n which_o for_o a_o long_a time_n after_o they_o peaceable_o enjoy_v but_o anarawd_n to_o express_v his_o thankfulness_n to_o god_n for_o this_o great_a victory_n give_v very_o considerable_a land_n and_o possession_n to_o the_o collegiate_n church_n of_o bangor_n and_o clynnoc_n vawr_n in_o arfon_n after_o this_o those_o dane_n that_o lie_v at_o fulhenham_n near_o london_n cross_v the_o sea_n to_o france_n and_o pass_v to_o paris_n along_o the_o river_n seyn_fw-mi spoil_v the_o country_n thereabouts_o and_o vanquish_v the_o french_a that_o come_v against_o they_o but_o in_o their_o return_n towards_o the_o sea-coast_n they_o be_v meet_v with_o by_o the_o britain_n of_o armorica_n who_o slay_v the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o and_o the_o rest_n confuse_o endeavour_v to_o escape_v to_o their_o ship_n be_v all_o drown_v one_o shall_v think_v that_o the_o several_a misfortune_n the_o dane_n sustain_v first_o at_o sandwich_n then_o by_o king_n alfred_n and_o now_o in_o france_n will_v have_v quite_o drain_v their_o number_n and_o utter_o have_v rid_v britain_n from_o so_o troublesome_a a_o enemy_n but_o like_o ill_a weed_n the_o more_o you_o root_v they_o the_o fast_o they_o will_v grow_v the_o dane_n be_v still_o supply_v from_o abroad_o and_o if_o a_o army_n be_v vanquish_v here_o another_o be_v sure_a to_o come_v in_o their_o room_n this_o the_o welsh_a find_v too_o true_a for_o not_o long_o after_o this_o famous_a defeat_n by_o the_o armorican_a britain_n the_o danes_n not_o able_a to_o venture_v upon_o these_o be_v resolve_v to_o revenge_v themselves_o upon_o their_o friend_n of_o wales_n and_o therefore_o land_v in_o north-wales_n they_o cruel_o harass_v and_o destroy_v the_o country_n nor_o be_v it_o strange_a to_o consider_v from_o whence_o such_o a_o wonderful_a number_n of_o dane_n and_o norman_n can_v come_v for_o the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n have_v under_o it_o not_o only_a denmark_n which_o be_v a_o small_a country_n divide_v by_o the_o sea_n into_o insulas_fw-la and_o peninsulas_fw-la as_o that_o which_o join_v upon_o saxony_n and_o holsatia_n call_v cymbrica_n chersonesus_n with_o the_o island_n of_o zealand_n and_o finnen_n but_o also_o normay_v and_o the_o large_a country_n of_o sweden_n reach_v to_o muscovy_n and_o almost_o to_o the_o north-pole_n this_o country_n be_v then_o scarce_o know_v to_o the_o world_n do_v of_o a_o sudden_a pour_fw-fr out_o such_o a_o multitude_n of_o people_n which_o like_o a_o sudden_a storm_n unexpected_o overran_a all_o europe_n with_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o country_n of_o africa_n from_o hence_o proceed_v these_o dane_n who_o annoy_v england_n and_o the_o norman_n who_o conquer_v france_n both_o nation_n be_v original_o derive_v from_o the_o same_o stock_n a.d._n 890_o the_o dane_n have_v not_o appear_v in_o england_n for_o some_o time_n and_o therefore_o be_v now_o resolve_v to_o take_v so_o sure_a a_o foot_n as_o they_o can_v easy_o be_v repulse_v two_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o sail_n be_v land_v at_o lymene_n in_o kent_n hard_o by_o the_o great_a forest_n of_o andreslege_n they_o build_v the_o castle_n of_o auldre_n or_o apledore_n the_o same_o time_n haste_v with_o a_o fleet_n of_o eighty_o sail_v venture_v to_o the_o thames_n mouth_n and_o build_v the_o castle_n of_o mydlton_n have_v first_o make_v a_o oath_n to_o king_n alfred_n not_o to_o molest_v he_o or_o any_o of_o his_o subject_n but_o have_v build_v the_o castle_n of_o beamfleet_n he_o think_v himself_o to_o have_v obtain_v so_o great_a a_o strength_n that_o there_o be_v no_o necessity_n of_o observe_v the_o oath_n late_o swear_v to_o king_n alfred_n and_o therefore_o invade_v the_o country_n round_o about_o he_o but_o he_o soon_o find_v his_o mistake_n and_o be_v force_v to_o betake_v himself_o back_o to_o his_o castle_n which_o be_v quick_o pull_v down_o upon_o his_o head_n and_o his_o wife_n and_o two_o son_n take_v prisoner_n who_o be_v christen_v be_v again_o restore_v to_o their_o father_n upon_o this_o haste_v and_o his_o dane_n depart_v from_o england_n and_o make_v their_o way_n for_o france_n where_o lay_v siege_n to_o the_o city_n of_o limogis_n and_o despair_v of_o a_o speedy_a surrender_n of_o it_o betake_v himself_o to_o his_o usual_a way_n of_o deal_v sinistrous_o and_o devise_v this_o trick_n to_o win_v the_o town_n he_o feign_v himself_o to_o be_v dangerous_o sick_a and_o send_v to_o the_o bishop_n and_o the_o consul_n of_o the_o city_n desire_v of_o they_o most_o earnest_o that_o he_o may_v be_v admit_v to_o the_o christian_a faith_n and_o be_v baptize_v before_o his_o departure_n out_o of_o this_o world_n the_o bishop_n and_o consul_n suspect_v no_o deceit_n be_v very_o glad_a not_o only_o to_o be_v deliver_v from_o the_o present_a danger_n of_o be_v besiege_v but_o also_o to_o win_v so_o great_a a_o person_n to_o the_o congregation_n of_o christ_n whereupon_o a_o firm_a peace_n be_v conclude_v betwixt_o both_o nation_n hasting_n be_v baptize_v the_o bishop_n and_o consul_n be_v his_o godfather_n which_o be_v end_v he_o be_v carry_v back_o by_o his_o soldier_n to_o his_o ship_n in_o a_o very_a infirm_a condition_n as_o he_o outward_o pretend_v about_o midnight_n he_o cause_v himself_o with_o his_o arm_n about_o he_o to_o be_v lay_v on_o a_o bier_n and_o command_v his_o soldier_n to_o carry_v their_o weapon_n with_o they_o under_o â—â—eir_n coat_n and_o so_o to_o be_v ready_a when_o he_o shall_v give_v â—â—em_v the_o word_n the_o next_o day_n all_o thing_n be_v in_o readiness_n he_o be_v solemn_o bring_v by_o his_o soldier_n â—ith_o great_a clamour_n and_o counterfeit_n mourn_v to_o be_v ster_v in_o the_o chief_a church_n of_o the_o city_n where_o the_o shop_n and_o consul_n accompany_v with_o all_o the_o most_o honourable_a member_n of_o the_o town_n come_v to_o honour_v â—â—e_z funeral_n but_o when_o the_o bishop_n have_v make_v himself_o â—â—ady_o to_o bury_v the_o body_n and_o all_o the_o citizen_n be_v 〈◊〉_d the_o church_n up_o start_v haste_v with_o his_o sword_n â—â—awn_v and_o kill_v first_o the_o bishop_n and_o the_o consul_n afterwards_o fall_v in_o with_o his_o arm_a soldier_n upon_o the_o naâ—ed_a people_n put_v all_o to_o the_o sword_n and_o spare_v â—either_o age_n sex_n nor_o infirmity_n have_v ransack_v â—â—e_v town_n he_o send_v messenger_n to_o charles_n the_o frenchâ—ing_n â—ing_z to_o mediate_v for_o peace_n which_o he_o easy_o obtain_v together_o with_o the_o town_n of_o chartres_n towards_o the_o deâ—aying_n of_o his_o charge_n at_o this_o time_n hennith_n ap_fw-mi bledric_n a_o baron_n of_o wales_n a.d._n 891_o â—â—ed_n and_o two_o year_n after_o anarawd_n prince_n of_o north_n a.d._n 893_o wales_n with_o a_o considerable_a number_n of_o english_a marâ—ed_v against_o his_o brother_n cadelh_n and_o spoil_v the_o country_n of_o cardigan_n and_o ystradgwy_n at_o the_o same_o â—â—me_n the_o dane_n lay_v siege_n to_o the_o city_n of_o excester_n â—nd_v when_o alfred_n have_v march_v to_o oppose_v they_o they_o â—â—at_v continue_v in_o the_o castle_n of_o auldre_n pass_v over_o to_o essex_v and_o build_v another_o castle_n at_o scobrith_n and_o from_o â—ence_n march_v to_o budington_n seat_v upon_o the_o severn_n when_o alfred_n come_v near_o to_o excester_n the_o dane_n present_o raise_v the_o siege_n and_o betake_v themselves_o to_o â—heir_a ship_n sail_v towards_o wales_n
fight_v withâ—â—_n and_o rahald_v be_v slay_v and_o the_o rest_n compel_v to_o â—â—swear_v the_o king_n land_n and_o never_o to_o return_v any_o â—ore_o to_o england_n king_n edward_n to_o prevent_v any_o fuâ—â—re_a disturbance_n from_o such_o open_a invader_n cause_v a_o â—â—rong_a army_n to_o be_v quarter_v upon_o the_o south_n side_n of_o â—â—vern_n but_o the_o dane_n for_o all_o he_o can_v do_v enter_v â—â—vice_n into_o his_o country_n once_o at_o werd_n and_o then_o at_o â—ortogan_n but_o be_v both_o time_n overthrow_v by_o the_o â—nglish_fw-fr from_o thence_o they_o depart_v to_o the_o isle_n of_o â—â—epen_v whence_o they_o be_v force_v by_o hunger_n to_o sail_v to_o â—outh_n wales_n intend_v to_o make_v a_o considerable_a prey_n of_o â—hat_n country_n but_o fail_v of_o their_o aim_n they_o be_v constrain_v to_o make_v the_o best_a of_o their_o way_n for_o ireland_n but_o the_o next_o year_n a_o party_n of_o dane_n fight_v a_o very_a â—evere_a battle_n with_o the_o kentish-man_n at_o holm_n but_o which_o of_o they_o obtain_v the_o victory_n be_v not_o certain_o â—eported_v about_o the_o same_o time_n anarawd_n prince_n of_o a.d._n 913_o north_n wales_n died_z leave_v behind_o he_o two_o son_n edwal_n foel_n and_o elis_n and_o some_o say_v a_o three_o name_v meyric_n edwal_n foel_n after_o the_o death_n of_o anarawd_n his_o elder_a son_n edwal_n foel_n take_v upon_o he_o the_o government_n of_o north-wales_n howel_n dha_n hold_v the_o principality_n of_o southwales_n and_o powis_n at_o what_o time_n a_o terrible_a comet_n appear_v in_o the_o heaven_n the_o same_o year_n the_o city_n of_o chester_n which_o have_v be_v destroy_v by_o the_o dane_n be_v by_o the_o procurement_n of_o elfleda_n new_o build_v and_o repair_v as_o the_o ancient_a record_n of_o that_o city_n do_v â—â—stifie_v this_o in_o the_o ancient_a copy_n be_v call_v leycestâ—â—_n by_o a_o easy_a mistake_n for_o legecestria_fw-la or_o chester_n callâ—â—_n by_o the_o roman_n legionum_fw-la cestria_fw-la the_o next_o summer_n the_o man_n of_o dublin_n cruel_o destroy_v the_o isle_n 〈◊〉_d anglesey_n and_o soon_o after_o clydawe_n the_o son_n of_o caâ—â—â—_n be_v unnatural_o slay_v by_o his_o brother_n meyric_n about_o tâ—â—_n same_o time_n that_o the_o dane_n receive_v a_o cruel_a overthroâ—â—_n by_o the_o english_a at_o tottenhale_n but_o elfleda_n do_v 〈◊〉_d long_o survive_v the_o rebuild_n of_o the_o city_n of_o chester_n a_o woman_n of_o singular_a virtue_n and_o one_o that_o greaâ—â—â—_n strengthen_v the_o kingdom_n of_o mercia_n by_o build_v of_o town_n and_o castle_n against_o the_o incursion_n of_o tâ—â—_n danes_n as_o strengat_fw-la and_o bruge_n by_o the_o forest_n 〈◊〉_d morph_n tamworth_n stafford_n edelburgh_n cherenburgâ—_n wadeburgh_n and_o runcofe_n after_o this_o she_o enter_v wâ—â—_n her_o whole_a army_n into_o wales_n wan_a brecknock_n 〈◊〉_d take_v the_o queen_n with_o 33_o of_o her_o man_n prisoner_n which_v in_o welch_n be_v call_v gwaith_n y_o ddinas_fw-la newydh_n 〈◊〉_d the_o battle_n of_o the_o new_a city_n from_o hence_o she_o march_v for_o derby_n which_o she_o take_v from_o the_o dane_n losâ—_n only_o four_o of_o her_o chief_a commander_n in_o the_o action_n the_o occasion_n of_o these_o two_o expedition_n according_a 〈◊〉_d some_o be_v this_o huganus_n lord_n of_o west_n wales_n perceive_v king_n edward_n to_o be_v unavoidable_o busy_a in_o thâ—_n danish_n war_n gather_v a_o army_n of_o britain_n and_o â—â—tring_v into_o england_n destroy_v the_o king_n countâ—â—_n upon_o the_o news_n of_o this_o elfleda_n come_v to_o wales_n witâ—_n a_o great_a army_n fight_v with_o the_o welsh_a at_o breek_n and_o put_v huganus_n to_o flight_n take_v his_o wife_n anâ—_n some_o of_o his_o man_n prisoner_n who_o she_o carry_v wiâ—â—_n she_o to_o mercia_n huganus_n be_v thus_o defeat_v flee_v 〈◊〉_d derby_n and_o be_v there_o kind_o receive_v join_v himself_o with_o the_o king_n enemy_n the_o dane_n elfleda_n be_v certify_v of_o that_o follow_v he_o with_o her_o army_n but_o in_o storm_v the_o gate_n of_o the_o town_n have_v four_o 〈◊〉_d her_o best_a officer_n kill_v by_o huganus_n but_o gwyane_a loâ—_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o ely_n her_o steward_n set_v fire_n to_o thâ—_n gate_n furious_o run_v upon_o the_o britain_n and_o entereâ—_n the_o town_n upon_o which_o haganus_n perceive_v himself_o to_o be_v overmatched_a choose_v rather_o to_o fall_v by_o the_o sword_n â—â—an_z cowardly_a to_o yield_v himself_o to_o a_o woman_n the_o â—ext_a year_n elfleda_n lay_v siege_n to_o the_o city_n of_o leicester_n which_o be_v quick_o surrender_v and_o the_o dane_n thereâ—â—_n perfect_o subdue_v the_o fame_n of_o these_o several_a action_n be_v noise_v abroad_o her_o neighbour_n become_v somewhat_o fearful_a and_o timorous_a and_o the_o yorkshireâ—â—n_n voluntary_o do_v her_o homage_n and_o proffer_v their_o service_n she_o die_v at_o tamworth_n after_o eight_o year_n â—ule_a over_o mercia_n and_o lie_v bury_v at_o gloucester_n by_o s._n peter_n after_o the_o death_n of_o elfleda_n king_n edward_n most_o ungrateful_o disinherit_v her_o daughter_n alfwyen_v and_o entere_v into_o mercia_n seize_v all_o the_o land_n into_o his_o own_o hand_n upon_o pretence_n that_o she_o without_o his_o knowledge_n who_o her_o mother_n have_v appoint_v her_o guardian_n have_v privy_o promise_v and_o contract_a marriage_n with_o reynald_n king_n of_o the_o dane_n but_o this_o unâ—ust_n and_o unnatural_a action_n of_o king_n edward_n may_v possible_o bring_v upon_o he_o those_o vehement_a trouble_n which_o present_o ensue_v upon_o it_o for_o leofr_v a_o dane_n â—nd_v gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi madoc_n brother_n in_o law_n to_o the_o prince_n of_o west_n wales_n come_v from_o ireland_n with_o a_o great_a army_n to_o snowdon_n and_o mind_v to_o bring_v all_o wales_n and_o the_o march_n thereof_o to_o their_o subjection_n overran_a and_o subdue_v all_o the_o country_n to_o chester_n before_o king_n edward_n be_v certify_v of_o their_o arrival_n whereat_o be_v sore_o offend_v and_o loath_a to_o trouble_v his_o subject_n for_o help_n vow_v that_o himself_o and_o his_o son_n with_o their_o single_a force_n will_v be_v revenge_v upon_o leofred_n and_o gruffydh_n and_o thereupon_o march_v to_o chester_n force_v the_o city_n from_o they_o then_o he_o divide_v his_o army_n into_o too_o battle_n whereof_o he_o and_o his_o son_n ethelstan_n lead_v the_o first_o edmund_z and_o edred_n the_o second_o and_o follow_v they_o so_o close_o that_o he_o overtake_v they_o at_o the_o forest_n of_o walewode_n now_o sherwode_n where_o leofred_n and_o gruffydh_n set_v upon_o they_o so_o fierce_o that_o the_o king_n at_o first_o be_v in_o some_o danger_n until_o athelstane_n step_v in_o and_o wound_v the_o dane_n in_o the_o arm_n in_o that_o manner_n that_o be_v no_o long_o able_a to_o hold_v his_o spear_n the_o be_v take_v prisoner_n and_o commit_v to_o the_o custody_n of_o atholstâ—ne_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n edmund_n and_o edred_n encounter_v with_o gruffydh_n slay_v he_o and_o bring_v his_o head_n to_o their_o father_n and_o leofreds_n head_n be_v likewise_o cut_v off_o they_o be_v both_o set_v up_o upon_o the_o town_n of_o chester_n and_o than_o edward_n together_o with_o his_o son_n victorious_o return_v home_o but_o king_n edward_n have_v a.d._n 924_o build_v glademutham_n soon_o after_o this_o die_v at_o farandon_n and_o his_o son_n alfred_n the_o same_o time_n at_o oxford_n and_o be_v both_o bury_v at_o winchester_n edward_n be_v dead_a his_o base_a son_n athelstane_n for_o many_o excellent_a virtue_n appear_v in_o he_o be_v prefer_v to_o the_o crown_n the_o worthy_a prince_n of_o the_o saxon_a blood_n that_o ever_o reign_v he_o overcome_v cudfryd_n the_o father_n of_o raynald_n king_n of_o the_o dane_n at_o york_n and_o be_v invade_v by_o hawlaf_n king_n of_o ireland_n who_o with_o all_o the_o power_n of_o the_o scot_n and_o dane_n march_v against_o he_o give_v he_o battle_n at_o brimestbury_n and_o obtain_v a_o very_a notorious_a victory_n king_n hawlaf_n together_o with_o the_o king_n of_o the_o scot_n five_o king_n of_o the_o dane_n and_o norman_n be_v slay_v upon_o the_o spot_n so_o that_o the_o whole_a country_n of_o england_n and_o scotland_n become_v subject_a to_o he_o which_o none_o of_o his_o predecessor_n a.d._n 933_o ever_o attempt_v sometime_o after_o owen_n the_o son_n of_o gruffydh_n be_v slay_v by_o the_o man_n of_o cardigan_n and_o then_o athelstane_n enter_v with_o his_o army_n into_o wales_n force_v the_o prince_n thereof_o to_o pay_v a_o yearly_a tribute_n of_o 20_o l._n in_o gold_n 300_o l._n in_o silver_n and_o 200_o head_n of_o cattle_n which_o notwithstanding_o be_v not_o observe_v as_o appear_v by_o the_o law_n of_o howel_n dha_n wherein_o it_o be_v appoint_v that_o the_o prince_n of_o aberffraw_n shall_v pay_v no_o more_o to_o the_o king_n of_o london_n than_o 66_o l._n tribute_n and_o that_o the_o prince_n of_o dinefawr_n and_o powis_n shall_v
â—anes_n pass_v from_o thence_o to_o cambridge_n they_o meet_v â—ith_n ethelstan_n king_n edelred_n nephew_n by_o his_o sister_n who_o with_o a_o army_n be_v come_v to_o oppose_v they_o but_o the_o dane_n prove_v too_o powerful_a he_o with_o many_o other_o nobleman_n be_v slay_v among_o who_o be_v duke_n oswyn_n and_o the_o earl_n edwin_n and_o wolfrike_n from_o hence_o they_o pass_v through_o essex_n leave_v no_o manner_n of_o cruelty_n and_o barbarity_n unpractised_a and_o return_v lade_v with_o booty_n to_o their_o ship_n which_o lie_v in_o the_o a.d._n 1010_o thames_n but_o they_o can_v not_o contain_v themselves_o long_o in_o their_o vessel_n and_o therefore_o sally_v out_o they_o pass_v by_o the_o river_n side_n to_o oxford_n which_o they_o ransack_v over_o again_o add_v to_o their_o prey_n buckingham_n bedford_z hartford_n and_o northamptonshire_n and_o have_v accomplish_v that_o year_n cruelty_n at_o christmas_n they_o return_v to_o their_o ship_n yet_o the_o prey_n of_o the_o country_n from_o the_o trent_n southward_o will_v not_o satisfy_v these_o unmerciful_a barbarian_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o season_n a.d._n 1011_o give_v they_o leave_v to_o peep_v out_o of_o their_o den_n they_o lay_v siege_n to_o the_o city_n of_o canterbury_n which_o be_v deliver_v up_o by_o the_o treachery_n of_o almarez_n the_o archdeacon_n be_v condemn_v to_o blood_n and_o ash_n and_o alfegoâ—_n the_o archbishop_n carry_v prisoner_n to_o the_o danish_a fleet_n where_o he_o be_v at_o length_n most_o cruel_o put_v to_o death_n a.d._n 1012_o the_o next_o year_n swain_n king_n of_o denmark_n come_v up_o the_o humber_n and_o land_v at_o gainesborow_n whither_o repair_v to_o he_o vthrâ—d_a earl_n of_o northumberland_n with_o his_o people_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o lindsey_n with_o all_o thâ—_n country_n northward_o of_o watling-street_n be_v a_o highway_n cross_v from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n sea_n and_o give_v their_o oath_n and_o hostage_n to_o obey_v he_o whereupon_o king_n swain_n perceive_v his_o undertake_n to_o prove_v 〈◊〉_d fortunate_a beyond_o expectation_n commit_v the_o care_n oâ—_n his_o fleet_n to_o his_o son_n cnute_n and_o march_v himself_o 〈◊〉_d to_o oxford_n and_o then_o to_o winchester_n which_o citieâ—_n whether_o for_o fear_n of_o further_a calamity_n ready_o acknowledge_v he_o for_o their_o king_n from_o thence_o hâ—_n march_v for_o london_n where_o king_n edelred_n then_o layâ—_n and_o which_o be_v so_o stout_o defend_v by_o the_o citizen_n that_o he_o be_v like_a to_o effect_v nothing_o against_o that_o town_n and_o therefore_o he_o direct_v his_o course_n to_o wallingforâ—_n and_o bath_n where_o the_o principal_a man_n of_o west-saxon_a yield_v he_o subjection_n the_o londoner_n too_o at_o last_o â—earing_v his_o fury_n and_o displeasure_n make_v their_o peace_n â—nd_v send_v he_o hostage_n which_o city_n be_v receive_v to_o â—ercy_n swain_n from_o that_o time_n be_v account_v king_n of_o â—ll_a england_n king_n edelred_n perceive_v all_o his_o astair_n â—n_v england_n to_o go_v against_o he_o and_o his_o authority_n and_o government_n reduce_v to_o so_o narrow_a a_o compass_n have_v send_v his_o queen_n with_o his_o two_o son_n edward_n and_o alfred_n â—o_o normandy_n he_o think_v convenient_a within_o a_o while_n â—fter_o to_o follow_v himself_o be_v honourable_o receive_v by_o his_o brother_n in_o law_n richard_n he_o have_v not_o be_v there_o â—ong_o but_o news_n arrive_v of_o the_o death_n of_o swain_n and_o that_o he_o be_v desire_v by_o the_o english_a to_o return_v to_o his_o kingdom_n be_v animate_v and_o comfort_v with_o this_o surprise_a news_n he_o set_v forward_o with_o a_o great_a army_n â—or_a england_n and_o land_v at_o lyndsey_n he_o cruel_o harass_v that_o province_n by_o reason_n that_o it_o have_v own_a subjection_n to_o cnute_n the_o son_n of_o swain_n who_o the_o danesâ—ad_a â—ad_z elect_a king_n in_o his_o father_n stead_n king_n cnute_n be_v at_o ipswich_n and_o certify_v of_o the_o arrival_n of_o king_n edelred_n and_o the_o devastation_n of_o lyndsey_n fear_v that_o â—is_n authority_n be_v go_v down_o the_o wind_n barbarous_o cut_v off_o the_o hand_n and_o nose_n of_o all_o the_o hostage_n he_o receive_v from_o the_o english_a and_o present_o strike_v sail_n for_o denmark_n and_o whilst_o england_n be_v in_o this_o general_a confusion_n there_o fall_v out_o no_o less_o a_o storm_n in_o ireland_n for_o brian_n king_n of_o that_o island_n and_o his_o son_n murâ—th_v with_o other_o king_n of_o the_o country_n subject_n to_o â—â—rian_n join_v their_o force_n against_o sutric_n the_o son_n of_o aâ—loic_a king_n of_o dublin_n and_o mailmorda_n king_n of_o lagoâ—es_n sutric_n be_v of_o himself_o too_o weak_a to_o encounter_v so_o numerous_a a_o multitude_n hire_v all_o the_o pirate_n and_o rover_n who_o cruise_v upon_o the_o sea_n and_o then_o give_v brian_n battle_n who_o with_o his_o son_n murcath_n be_v slay_v and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n maihnorda_fw-mi and_o broderic_n general_n of_o the_o auxiliary_n but_o cnute_n though_o he_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n force_v to_o a.d._n 1013_o forsake_v england_n upon_o the_o recall_v of_o king_n edelred_n yet_o he_o do_v not_o abandon_v all_o his_o pretence_n to_o the_o kingdom_n and_o therefore_o the_o next_o year_n he_o come_v to_o renew_v his_o claim_n and_o land_v with_o a_o strong_a fleet_n in_o west-â—ex_a where_o he_o exercise_v very_o great_a hostility_n to_o prevent_v his_o incursion_n edric_n and_o edmund_n bastard-son_n to_o edelred_n raise_v their_o force_n separately_z bâ—â—_n when_o both_o army_n be_v unite_v they_o dare_v not_o whâ—ther_o for_o fear_n or_o the_o dissension_n of_o the_o two_o general_n fight_v with_o the_o dane_n edmund_z therefore_o pass_v to_o the_o north_n and_o join_v with_o vthred_a duke_n of_o northumberland_n and_o both_o together_o descend_v and_o spoil_v stafford_n leicester_n and_o shropshire_n on_o the_o other_o side_n cnute_n march_v forcible_o through_o buckingham_n bedford_z huntingtonshire_n and_o so_o by_o stafford_n pass_v towards_o york_n whither_o vthred_n hasten_v and_o find_v 〈◊〉_d other_o remedy_n submit_v himself_o with_o all_o the_o northumbrian_n to_o cnute_n give_v hostage_n for_o the_o performance_n of_o what_o they_o then_o agree_v upon_o but_o nevertheless_o this_o submission_n vthr_v be_v treacherous_o slay_v not_o without_o the_o permission_n of_o cnute_n and_o hiâ—_n dukedom_n bestow_v upon_o one_o egrick_n a_o dane_n whereupon_o edmund_n leave_v they_o and_o go_v to_o his_o father_n whâ—_n lay_v sick_a at_o london_n cnute_n return_v to_o his_o ship_n present_o follow_v and_o sail_v up_o the_o thames_n towards_o london_n but_o before_o he_o can_v draw_v nigh_o the_o city_n king_n edelred_n be_v dead_a have_v prolong_v a_o long_a and_o troublesome_a reign_n for_o thirty_o seven_o year_n after_o his_o decease_n the_o english_a nobility_n choose_v his_o base_a son_n edmund_n for_o his_o eminent_a strength_n and_o hardiness_n in_o war_n surname_v ironside_n for_o their_o king_n upon_o this_o cnuâ—â—_n bring_v his_o whole_a fleet_n up_o the_o river_n to_o london_n and_o have_v cut_v a_o deep_a trench_n round_o about_o the_o town_n invest_v it_o on_o all_o side_n but_o be_v valourous_o repulse_v by_o the_o defendant_n he_o detach_v the_o best_a part_n of_o his_o army_n to_o fight_v with_o edmund_n who_o be_v march_v to_o raise_v the_o siege_n and_o both_o army_n come_v to_o battle_n at_o proman_n by_o gillingham_n cnute_n with_o his_o dane_n be_v put_v to_o flight_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o time_n and_o opportunity_n will_v give_v he_o leave_v to_o increase_v his_o force_n cnute_n give_v edmund_n a_o second_o battle_n at_o caerstane_n but_o edric_n almar_n and_o algar_n underhand_o side_v with_o the_o dane_n edmund_n be_v hard_o put_v to_o it_o to_o maintain_v the_o fight_n obstinate_o till_o night_n and_o weariness_n part_v they_o both_o army_n have_v sufficient_o suffer_v in_o this_o action_n edmund_n go_v to_o west-sex_n to_o reinforce_v himself_o and_o the_o dane_n return_v to_o the_o siege_n of_o london_n where_o edmundâ—â—ickly_o â—â—ickly_z follow_v raise_v the_o siege_n and_o force_v cnuteâ—â—d_v â—â—d_z his_o dane_n confuse_o to_o betake_v themselves_o to_o their_o â—â—ips_n and_o then_o enter_v triumphant_o into_o the_o city_n too_o day_n after_o pass_v the_o thames_n at_o brentford_n he_o â—â—ll_v upon_o the_o enemy_n back_n by_o which_o lucky_a opportunity_n obtain_v a_o considerable_a victory_n he_o return_v â—gain_o to_o raise_v recruit_n among_o the_o westsaxons_a cnute_n â—â—on_n edmund_n removal_n appear_v again_o before_o lonâ—â—n_n and_o invest_v it_o by_o land_n and_o water_n but_o all_o in_o â—â—in_n the_o besiege_v so_o manful_o and_o resolute_o defend_v themselves_o that_o it_o be_v impracticable_a to_o master_v â—â—e_z town_n before_o edmund_n can_v come_v to_o the_o relief_n of_o 〈◊〉_d and_o this_o they_o present_o experience_v for_o edmund_n â—â—ter_v have_v augment_v his_o force_n cross_v again_o the_o â—hames_n
at_o brentford_n and_o come_v to_o kent_n in_o pursuit_n of_o â—nute_n who_o upon_o engage_v be_v so_o shameful_o defeat_v at_o first_o and_o his_o man_n put_v to_o that_o terrible_a flight_n that_o â—ere_z want_v nothing_o of_o a_o full_a and_o absolute_a victory_n â—â—t_v the_o true_a loyalty_n of_o the_o traitor_n edric_n who_o perceive_v the_o victory_n to_o incline_v to_o edmund_n and_o the_o â—anes_n like_v to_o receive_v their_o mortal_a and_o final_a blow_n â—â—yed_v aloud_o flee_v engle_n flee_v engle_n edmund_n be_v dead_a â—nd_v thereupon_o flee_v with_o that_o part_n of_o the_o army_n under_o â—â—s_o command_v leave_v the_o king_n overpower_a with_o â—umber_n by_o this_o desertion_n the_o english_a be_v at_o the_o â—â—st_n overthrow_v and_o a_o great_a number_n slay_v among_o â—hom_n be_v duke_n edmund_n duke_n alfric_n duke_n godâ—yn_n and_o vlfkettel_n the_o valiant_a duke_n of_o the_o east-angles_a together_o with_o all_o the_o english_a cavalry_n and_o a_o â—â—eat_a part_n of_o the_o nobility_n after_o this_o victory_n cnuteâ—arched_v â—arched_z triumphant_o to_o london_n and_o be_v crown_v king_n but_o edmund_n prepare_v to_o try_v his_o fortune_n in_o anâ—ther_n field_n muster_v together_o all_o the_o force_n he_o can_v â—nd_v meeting_n with_o cnute_n in_o gloucestershire_n intend_v â—o_o give_v he_o battle_n but_o consider_v what_o cruel_a and_o â—nnatural_a bloodshed_n have_v already_o happen_v both_o general_o agree_v to_o put_v a_o end_n to_o this_o tedious_a quarrel_n by_o â—â—ngle_a combat_n and_o the_o place_n be_v appoint_v edmundâ—nd_a â—nd_z cnute_n fall_v to_o it_o very_o vigorous_o till_o at_o last_o cnuteâ—erceiving_v â—erceiving_z it_o impracticable_a to_o vanquish_v a_o man_n of_o iron_n sides_n lay_v down_o his_o weapon_n move_v this_o composition_n to_o divide_v the_o kingdom_n fair_o betwixt_o they_o edmund_n be_v not_o displease_v at_o the_o offer_n and_o therefore_o both_o party_n submit_v to_o this_o decision_n that_o edmund_n shall_v rule_v the_o westsaxons_a and_o the_o south_n cnute_n in_o mercia_n and_o all_o the_o north_n and_o so_o they_o part_v friend_n cnute_n move_v to_o london_n and_o edmund_n to_o oxford_n but_o edric_n be_v not_o please_v that_o edmund_n shall_v have_v any_o share_n at_o all_o of_o the_o government_n and_o therefore_o he_o be_v resolve_v to_o conspire_v against_o his_o life_n and_o to_o deliver_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o england_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o cnute_n of_o who_o he_o may_v reasonable_o expect_v for_o this_o and_o other_o traitorous_a service_n a_o very_a ample_a and_o a_o answerable_a return_n this_o he_o commit_v to_o one_o of_o his_o own_o son_n to_o put_v in_o execution_n a_o 〈◊〉_d of_o the_o old_a stock_n and_o one_o early_o verse_v in_o wicked_a and_o traitorous_a design_n who_o perceive_v the_o king_n to_o go_v 〈◊〉_d stool_n thrust_v up_o a_o sharp_a knife_n up_o his_o fundament_n 〈◊〉_d which_o wound_v he_o present_o dye_v edric_n be_v quick_o certify_v of_o the_o fact_n post_v it_o up_o to_o london_n and_o with_o great_a joy_n and_o loud_a acclamation_n come_v to_o cnutâ—_n greet_v he_o as_o sole_a king_n of_o england_n and_o withal_o tell_v he_o in_o what_o manner_n and_o by_o who_o mean_n hâ—â—_n old_a enemy_n king_n edmund_n be_v assassinate_v and_o kill_v at_o oxford_n cnute_n though_o please_v at_o the_o death_n of_o edmund_n be_v a_o person_n of_o great_a honour_n than_o to_o commend_v so_o horrible_a a_o deed_n though_o do_v to_o a_o enemy_n and_o therefore_o tell_v edric_n that_o he_o will_v without_o faâ—â—_n take_v care_n to_o reward_v he_o as_o his_o desert_n require_v anâ—_n will_v advance_v he_o above_o all_o the_o nobility_n of_o england_n which_o be_v quick_o perform_v his_o head_n be_v placeâ—_n upon_o the_o high_a tower_n in_o london_n for_o a_o terror_n 〈◊〉_d such_o villainous_a traitor_n to_o their_o king_n edric_n be_v thus_o deserve_o disappoint_v of_o the_o mighty_a thought_n he_o entertain_v of_o greatness_n upon_o the_o advancement_n of_o king_n cnute_n this_o generous_a dane_n scorn_v his_o basâ—ness_n and_o so_o have_v pay_v he_o a_o traitor_n reward_n cause_v execution_n to_o be_v do_v upon_o all_o edric_n complice_n and_o those_o that_o consent_v to_o the_o base_a murder_n oâ—_n that_o brave_a prince_n king_n edmund_n about_o the_o same_o time_n there_o happen_v no_o small_a disturbance_n a.d._n 1015_o and_o commotion_n in_o wales_n lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi sytsylht_n have_v for_o some_o year_n sit_v still_o and_o quiet_a begin_v now_o to_o bestir_v himself_o and_o have_v draw_v all_o his_o force_n together_o march_v against_o aedan_n who_o forcible_o and_o without_o any_o legal_a pretence_n have_v enter_v upon_o and_o for_o all_o this_o time_n have_v keep_v himself_o in_o the_o government_n of_o north-wales_n aedan_n will_v not_o easy_o â—eject_v himself_o from_o what_o have_v be_v so_o long_o in_o his_o possession_n to_o maintain_v which_o he_o give_v lhewelyn_n battle_n but_o the_o day_n go_v against_o he_o himself_z with_o his_o four_o son_n be_v slay_v upon_o the_o spot_n upon_o which_o lheweâ—yn_n without_o any_o regard_n have_v to_o jago_n the_o son_n of_o edwal_n the_o right_a heir_n take_v upon_o himself_o the_o title_n and_o authority_n of_o prince_n of_o all_o wales_n his_o pretence_n to_o north-wales_n be_v as_o be_v descend_v from_o traw_v daughter_n to_o elis_n second_o son_n to_o anarawd_n who_o be_v the_o elder_a son_n of_o roderic_n the_o great_a and_o to_o south_n wales_n as_o have_v marry_v angharad_n the_o only_a daughter_n of_o meredith_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n by_o virtue_n of_o which_o pretension_n he_o assume_v to_o himself_o the_o government_n of_o all_o wales_n lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi sitsylht_n lhewelyn_n have_v as_o be_v say_v take_v upon_o he_o the_o general_a government_n of_o wales_n manage_v his_o charge_n with_o such_o prudence_n and_o moderation_n that_o the_o country_n in_o a_o short_a time_n become_v very_o flourish_v and_o prosperous_a peace_n and_o tranquillity_n be_v establish_v produce_v plenty_n and_o increase_n of_o all_o thing_n necessary_a to_o humane_a subsistence_n for_o there_o be_v none_o that_o can_v â—ay_n any_o claim_n or_o pretence_n to_o either_o of_o the_o principality_n except_v jago_n the_o son_n of_o edwal_n who_o be_v indeed_o lawful_a heir_n of_o north-wales_n but_o either_o too_o weak_a to_o withstand_v or_o unwilling_a to_o disturb_v lhewelyn_n title_n he_o lay_v quiet_a for_o a_o time_n expect_v a_o better_a opportunity_n to_o recover_v his_o right_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n cnute_n be_v crown_v king_n of_o all_o england_n marrieâ—_n emma_n the_o widow_n of_o king_n edelred_n and_o for_o the_o better_a secure_v the_o english_a crown_n to_o himself_o and_o his_o heir_n he_o think_v it_o expedient_a to_o dispatch_v edmund_n and_o edward_n the_o son_n of_o ironside_n out_o of_o the_o way_n but_o lefâ—_n such_o a_o execrable_a fact_n shall_v seem_v too_o black_a to_o be_v do_v in_o england_n he_o send_v the_o two_o youth_n to_o solomâ—n_a king_n of_o hungary_n will_v he_o to_o use_v some_o convenient_a opportunity_n to_o take_v away_o their_o life_n which_o seem_v to_o solomon_n so_o very_o unnatural_a that_o instead_o of_o comply_v with_o cnute_n request_n he_o educate_v and_o bring_v they_o up_o as_o his_o own_o child_n but_o cnute_n imagine_v now_o that_o his_o fear_n be_v over_o and_o his_o busâ—ness_n effectual_o finish_v so_o that_o he_o can_v the_o more_o bold_o demand_v of_o his_o subject_n what_o either_o his_o necessity_n or_o curiosity_n will_v prompt_v he_o to_o and_o reflect_v with_o himself_o what_o excessive_a expense_n he_o have_v be_v at_o in_o the_o conquest_n of_o england_n be_v resolve_v that_o the_o english_a shall_v repay_v he_o and_o therefore_o require_v a_o subsidy_n of_o seventy_o two_o thousand_o pound_n beside_o eleven_o thousand_o which_o the_o city_n of_o london_n contribute_v the_o same_o time_n meyric_n the_o son_n of_o arthfael_n a_o person_n of_o quality_n in_o wales_n rebel_v and_o raise_v aâ—_n army_n against_o prince_n lhewelyn_n who_o no_o soon_o appear_v in_o the_o field_n to_o quell_v this_o malcontented_n general_n but_o manful_o slay_v he_o with_o his_o own_o hand_n and_o easy_o discomfit_v his_o follower_n the_o same_o time_n cnute_n sail_v over_o into_o denmark_n and_o make_v war_n upon_o the_o vandal_n who_o for_o all_o that_o they_o have_v a_o great_a army_n 〈◊〉_d the_o field_n be_v overcome_v by_o the_o imcomparable_a valour_n of_o earl_n godwyn_n for_o which_o famous_a action_n cnutâ—_n have_v the_o english_a in_o great_a esteem_n ever_o after_o a.d._n 1020_o but_o lhewelyn_n prince_n of_o wales_n though_o he_o have_v late_o quell_v the_o rebel_n head_v by_o meyric_n be_v now_o to_o encounter_v with_o another_o difficulty_n which_o seem_v to_o threaten_v great_a disturbance_n and_o trouble_n to_o he_o for_o a_o certain_a person_n of_o a_o mean_a quality_n in_o scotland_n come_v to_o south-wales_n assume_v the_o
death_n 〈◊〉_d edward_n to_o secure_v the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n for_o hâ—_n 〈◊〉_d be_v honourable_o dismiss_v upon_o his_o return_n to_o england_n by_o the_o persuasion_n of_o caradoc_n the_o son_n of_o â—ruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rytherch_n himself_o with_o his_o brother_n tosty_o â—iled_v a_o great_a army_n and_o enter_v into_o south-wales_n â—hich_v they_o destroy_v after_o that_o manner_n that_o the_o welsh_a be_v glad_a to_o deliver_v up_o hostage_n for_o the_o â—ayment_n of_o the_o ancient_a tribute_n which_o afore-time_o â—hey_n be_v use_v to_o pay_v gruffydh_n hear_v of_o the_o inâ—lencies_n of_o the_o english_a in_o south_n wales_n make_v all_o posâ—â—ble_a haste_n and_o preparation_n to_o oppose_v they_o but_o all_o 〈◊〉_d no_o purpose_n harold_n have_v already_o treacherous_o â—â—ed_v some_o of_o gruffydh_n near_a friend_n to_o murder_n 〈◊〉_d who_o watch_v their_o opportunity_n execute_v their_o â—icked_a design_n and_o bring_v his_o head_n to_o harold_n gruffydh_n be_v dead_a harold_n by_o king_n edward_n order_n â—â—pointed_v meredith_n son_n of_o owen_n ap_fw-mi edwin_n prince_n 〈◊〉_d south_n wales_n and_o the_o government_n of_o north-wales_n 〈◊〉_d blethyn_n and_o rywaâ—hon_n the_o son_n of_o coffin_n brother_n 〈◊〉_d the_o mother_n side_n to_o prince_n gruffydh_n and_o who_o proâ—ably_o for_o the_o desire_n of_o rule_n be_v accessary_a to_o the_o murder_n of_o that_o noble_a prince_n this_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi lheâ—â—â—yn_fw-mi enjoy_v the_o principality_n of_o wales_n for_o the_o space_n of_o thirty_o four_o year_n a_o prince_n of_o incomparable_a verâ—â—â—_n both_o wise_a and_o valiant_a belove_v of_o his_o subject_n â—nd_v formidable_a to_o his_o enemy_n in_o all_o his_o action_n he_o behave_v himself_o great_a and_o princely_a and_o have_v demand_v his_o country_n so_o brave_o against_o all_o foreign_a opposition_n he_o be_v far_o unworthy_a of_o that_o treacherous_a â—nd_n cruel_a death_n which_o his_o unkind_a subject_n and_o unnatural_a friend_n bestow_v upon_o he_o he_o leave_v issue_n â—ut_v â—â—e_v daughter_n call_v nest_n abuse_v first_o by_o fleaâ—ceâ—on_n â—on_z of_o bâ—ncho_n and_o afterward_o marry_v to_o trahaern_a â—p_n caradoc_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n blethyn_n and_o rywalhon_n after_o the_o deplorable_a murder_n of_o prince_n gruffyâ—â—_n meredith_n the_o son_n of_o owen_n ap_fw-mi edwin_n who_o accord_v to_o some_o be_v son_n to_o howel_n dha_n do_v take_v 〈◊〉_d on_o he_o as_o it_o be_v say_v the_o government_n of_o south-wales_a and_o blethyn_n and_o rywalhon_n the_o son_n of_o confyn_n hâ—â—_n brother_n to_o gruffydh_n as_o descend_v from_o augboâ—_n daughter_n to_o meredith_n sometime_o prince_n of_o walâ—â—_n enter_v upon_o the_o principality_n of_o north-wales_n câ—â—â—â—_n the_o son_n jago_n ap_fw-mi edwal_n the_o right_a heir_n to_o that_o croâ—â—_n be_v then_o with_o his_o father-in-law_n in_o ireland_n tâ—â—_n partition_n of_o wales_n fall_v much_o short_a of_o the_o expectation_n of_o caradoc_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rytherch_n who_o bâ—ing_v the_o chief_a promoter_n of_o harold_n make_v a_o â—â—pedition_n against_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi lhewolyn_n make_v no_o qâ—stion_n to_o attain_v to_o the_o government_n of_o south-wales_n â—â—case_n gruffydh_n get_v the_o worse_a but_o it_o happen_v otherwise_o harold_n be_v sensible_a of_o caradoc_n subtlety_n aâ—â—_n knavery_n and_o doubt_v whether_o if_o he_o be_v maâ—â—_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n he_o can_v obtain_v a_o certain_a lode-ship_n nigh_o hereford_n which_o he_o have_v a_o long_a mindâ—_n make_v a_o composition_n with_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi owen_n for_o 〈◊〉_d say_v lordship_n and_o create_v he_o prince_n of_o south-wales_a and_o on_o the_o contrary_a banish_a caradoc_n out_o of_o 〈◊〉_d country_n harold_n have_v obtain_v his_o request_n buâ—_n a_o very_a magnificent_a house_n at_o a_o place_n call_v portasâ—â—_n in_o monmouth-shire_n and_o store_v it_o with_o great_a quantity_n of_o provision_n splendid_o entertain_v the_o king_n who_o honour_v he_o with_o a_o visit_n this_o be_v by_o a_o mean_n please_v to_o tofty_a to_o see_v his_o young_a brother_n in_o great_a esteem_n and_o favour_n with_o the_o king_n thâ—â—_n himself_o and_o have_v conceal_v his_o displeasure_n for_o 〈◊〉_d time_n can_v not_o forbear_v at_o length_n but_o discover_v 〈◊〉_d grievance_n for_o one_o day_n at_o windsor_n while_o harâ—â—_n reach_v the_o cup_n to_o king_n edward_n tosty_o ready_a to_o burâ—_n for_o envy_n that_o his_o brother_n be_v so_o much_o respect_v beyond_o himself_o can_v not_o refrain_v to_o run_v furious_o upon_o he_o and_o pull_v he_o by_o the_o hair_n drag_v he_o to_o the_o ground_n for_o which_o unmannerly_a action_n the_o king_n forbid_v he_o the_o court_n but_o he_o with_o continue_a rancour_n and_o malice_n ride_v to_o hereford_n where_o harold_n have_v many_o servant_n prepare_v a_o entertainment_n for_o the_o king_n and_o set_v upon_o they_o with_o his_o follower_n â—â—opped_v off_o the_o hand_n and_o leg_n of_o some_o the_o arm_n and_o head_n of_o other_o and_o throw_v they_o into_o the_o butt_n of_o wine_n and_o other_o liquor_n which_o be_v put_v in_o for_o the_o king_n be_v drink_v and_o at_o his_o departure_n charge_v the_o servant_n to_o acquaint_v he_o that_o of_o other_o fresh_a meat_n he_o may_v carry_v with_o he_o what_o he_o please_v but_o for_o â—ince_n he_o shall_v find_v plenty_n provide_v ready_a for_o he_o for_o which_o barbarous_a offence_n the_o king_n pronounce_v a_o sentence_n of_o perpetual_a banishment_n upon_o he_o but_o saradoc_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi give_v a_o finish_v stroke_n to_o harold_n house_n and_o the_o king_n entertainment_n at_o portascyth_n for_o come_v thither_o short_o after_o tosty_n departure_n to_o be_v revenge_v upon_o harold_n he_o kill_v all_o the_o workman_n and_o labourer_n with_o all_o the_o servant_n he_o can_v find_v and_o utter_o deface_v the_o building_n carry_v away_o all_o the_o costly_a material_n which_o with_o great_a charge_n and_o expense_n have_v be_v bring_v thither_o to_o beautify_v and_o adorn_v the_o structure_n soon_o after_o which_o the_o northumbrian_n who_o can_v not_o endure_v the_o insolence_n of_o the_o two_o brother_n harold_n and_o tosty_o who_o bear_v a_o uncontrollable_a sway_n in_o the_o kingdom_n be_v use_v to_o practice_v most_o hellish_a villainy_n to_o encompass_v any_o man_n estate_n that_o displease_v they_o in_o a_o tumult_n at_o york_n beset_v the_o palace_n of_o tosty_o and_o have_v pillage_v his_o treasure_n â—â—ew_n all_o his_o family_n as_o well_o englishman_n as_o dane_n then_o adjoin_v to_o themselves_o the_o people_n of_o lincoln_n nottingham_n and_o derby_n shire_n they_o elect_a marcher_n the_o son_n of_o earl_n algar_n their_o general_n to_o who_o come_v his_o brother_n edwin_n with_o a_o considerable_a number_n of_o force_n â—nd_v a_o great_a party_n of_o welsh_a man_n then_o they_o march_v in_o a_o hostile_a manner_n to_o northampton_n where_o harold_n meet_v they_o be_v send_v by_o the_o king_n to_o know_v their_o demand_n to_o who_o they_o lay_v open_v their_o grievance_n and_o the_o cruelty_n of_o tosty_n government_n and_o at_o last_o with_o a_o absolute_a refusal_n of_o admit_v he_o again_o desire_v that_o marcher_n shall_v be_v appoint_v earl_n over_o they_o which_o the_o king_n upon_o the_o reasonable_a complaint_n of_o injury_n do_v by_o tosty_o easy_o grant_v and_o willing_o confirm_v marcher_n title_n whereupon_o they_o peaceable_o return_v back_o to_o the_o north_n and_o the_o welsh_a with_o several_a prisoner_n and_o other_o booty_n get_v in_o this_o expedition_n return_v to_o wales_n a.d._n 1066_o the_o year_n follow_v king_n edward_z die_v and_o be_v bury_v at_o westminster_n be_v the_o last_o king_n of_o the_o saxon_a blood_n before_o the_o conquest_n that_o govern_v the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n which_o from_o cerdic_n king_n of_o the_o westsaxons_a have_v continue_v 544_o and_o from_o egbert_n the_o first_o monarch_n 171_o year_n edward_n be_v dead_a the_o next_o debate_n be_v about_o a_o election_n of_o a_o successor_n edgar_n edeling_n be_v set_v up_o by_o some_o as_o lawful_a heir_n to_o the_o crown_n which_o harold_n as_o be_v a_o person_n of_o great_a power_n and_o authority_n in_o the_o kingdom_n much_o wealthy_a and_o better_o befriend_v present_o thwart_v and_o bring_v matter_n so_o cunning_o about_o that_o himself_o be_v choose_v king_n without_o any_o regard_n observe_v to_o the_o oath_n and_o promise_n he_o have_v former_o make_v to_o william_n duke_n of_o normandy_n duke_n william_n upon_o notice_n of_o harold_n advancement_n how_o that_o he_o have_v accept_v of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n contrary_a to_o the_o article_n between_o they_o convene_v together_o his_o noble_n and_o lay_v before_o they_o the_o several_a wrong_n and_o affront_v be_v have_v receive_v at_o the_o hand_n of_o harold_n as_o the_o death_n of_o his_o cousin_n alfred_n the_o banishment_n of_o archbishop_n robert_n earl_n odan_n and_o all_o the_o norman_n and_o last_o the_o breach_n of_o his_o oath_n and_o
and_o rytherch_n 〈◊〉_d caradoc_n the_o joint_a ruler_n of_o south-wales_n and_o the_o march_v confident_o to_o find_v they_o both_o army_n meâ—_n together_o and_o fight_v at_o a_o place_n call_v camdhwr_n wheâ—_n after_o a_o sore_a engagement_n the_o son_n of_o cadwgan_n at_o length_n obtain_v a_o glorious_a victory_n in_o north_n wales_n the_o same_o time_n gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n have_v establish_v his_o possession_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o anglesey_n intend_v to_o proceed_v far_o in_o the_o continent_n of_o wales_n to_o which_o end_n have_v transport_v his_o force_n over_o the_o river_n encamp_v in_o the_o neighbour_a country_n of_o carnarvonshire_n propose_v to_o reduce_v north-wales_n by_o degree_n trahaâ—â—_n ap_fw-mi caradoc_n be_v inform_v of_o this_o descent_n of_o grâ—fydh's_n make_v all_o possible_a speed_n to_o prevent_v his_o far_a progress_n and_o have_v make_v all_o necessary_a preparation_n that_o the_o shortness_n of_o the_o opportunity_n will_v permit_v he_o draw_v up_o his_o force_n to_o bronyr_n erw_n where_o he_o give_v gruffydh_n battle_n and_o in_o fine_a put_v he_o to_o a_o shameful_a flight_n so_o that_o he_o be_v glad_a to_o retire_v back_o safe_a tâ—_n anglesey_n a.d._n 1074_o the_o next_o year_n rytherch_n ap_fw-mi caradoc_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n die_v be_v murder_v through_o the_o unnatural_a villainy_n of_o his_o cousin-german_a meyrchaon_n ap_fw-mi rhys_n ap_fw-mi rytherch_n after_o who_o rhys_n ap_fw-mi owen_n obtain_v the_o soâ—â—_n government_n of_o south-wales_n but_o his_o enjoyment_n oâ—_n the_o whole_a principality_n be_v not_o very_a last_a and_o scarcâ—_n a.d._n 1075_o at_o all_o void_a of_o trouble_n and_o vexation_n of_o war._n foâ—_n short_o after_o the_o death_n of_o caradoc_n the_o son_n of_o cadwgan_n think_v they_o may_v easy_o now_o foil_n and_o vanquish_v one_o see_v they_o have_v sometime_o ago_o victorious_o overcome_v both_o prince_n together_o with_o all_o the_o force_n they_o can_v raise_v set_v upon_o rhys_n again_o at_o a_o place_n call_v gwanyffyd_v who_o not_o be_v able_a to_o endure_v their_o number_n be_v rouâ—ed_v and_o force_v to_o flee_v however_o the_o blow_n be_v not_o so_o mortal_a but_o that_o rhys_n gather_v together_o new_a levy_n by_o the_o help_n of_o which_o he_o be_v embolden_v still_o to_o maintain_v himself_o in_o his_o principality_n but_o fortune_n which_o have_v advance_v he_o to_o the_o crown_n seem_v now_o to_o frown_v at_o and_o cross_v all_o his_o endeavour_n and_o undertake_n and_o be_v reduce_v to_o a_o very_a weak_a condition_n in_o the_o 〈◊〉_d battle_n he_o be_v set_v upon_o by_o a_o fresh_a enemy_n before_o 〈◊〉_d can_v have_v sufficient_a time_n to_o recover_v and_o recruit_v â—â—self_n for_o trahaern_v ap_fw-mi caradoc_n prince_n of_o north-wales_a perceive_v the_o weakness_n and_o inability_n of_o rhys_n make_v opposition_n against_o any_o foreign_a enemy_n that_o â—â—â—aded_v his_o territory_n think_v it_o now_o very_o feasible_a 〈◊〉_d obtain_v the_o conquest_n of_o south-wales_n and_o then_o 〈◊〉_d annex_v it_o to_o his_o own_o principality_n of_o north-wales_n â—â—ing_n egg_v on_o by_o these_o pleasant_a imagination_n he_o disâ—â—â—ched_v his_o army_n to_o south-wales_n to_o fight_v with_o rhys_n 〈◊〉_d so_o with_o all_o the_o force_n he_o can_v possible_o levy_v as_o lay_v his_o whole_a fortune_n upon_o the_o event_n of_o this_o battle_n â—â—dly_o meet_v he_o at_o pwlhgwttic_a where_o after_o a_o tedious_a â—â—ght_n on_o both_o side_n rhys_n have_v lose_v the_o best_a part_n of_o his_o â—â—my_n be_v put_v to_o flight_n and_o so_o warm_o pursue_v that_o â—â—er_o long_o shift_v from_o place_n to_o place_n himself_o with_o his_o â—â—other_n howel_n fall_v at_o length_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o caradoc_n 〈◊〉_d gruffydh_n who_o put_v they_o both_o to_o death_n in_o revenge_n 〈◊〉_d the_o base_a murder_n of_o blethyn_n ap_fw-mi confyn_n by_o they_o â—â—merly_o transact_v the_o principality_n of_o south-walesâ—â—ing_a â—â—ing_z thus_o vacant_a by_o the_o death_n of_o rhys_n ap_fw-mi owen_n rhysâ—â—n_o â—â—n_z to_o theodor_n ap_fw-mi eineon_n ap_fw-mi owen_n ap_fw-mi howel_n dha_n â—â—lawful_a heir_n to_o that_o government_n put_v in_o his_o claim_n â—hich_v be_v very_o plain_a and_o evident_a so_o prevail_v with_o â—â—e_z people_n of_o the_o country_n that_o they_o unanimous_o â—â—ected_v he_o for_o their_o prince_n much_o against_o the_o expedition_n of_o trahaern_n ap_fw-mi caradoc_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n â—he_n next_o year_n s._n david_n suffer_v great_o by_o stranger_n a.d._n 1077_o â—ho_n land_v there_o in_o a_o considerable_a number_n spoil_v use_v destroy_v the_o whole_a town_n short_o after_o which_o â—â—rbarous_a action_n abraham_n bishop_n of_o that_o sea_n â—â—ed_v and_o than_o sulien_n who_o the_o year_n before_o have_v relinquish_v and_o resign_v up_o that_o bishopric_n be_v compel_v to_o resume_v it_o the_o government_n of_o all_o wales_n both_o north_n and_o a.d._n 1079_o â—â—uth_n have_v be_v now_o for_o a_o long_a time_n supply_v by_o usurper_n and_o forcible_o detain_v from_o the_o right_n and_o legal_a inheritor_n but_o providence_n will_v suffer_v injustice_n to_o â—eign_v no_o long_o and_o therefore_o restore_v the_o rightful_a heir_n to_o their_o principality_n rhys_n ap_fw-mi theodor_n have_v actual_a possession_n of_o south-wales_n and_o there_o wanteâ—_n no_o more_o at_o this_o time_n but_o to_o bring_v in_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi câ—nan_n to_o the_o principality_n of_o north-wales_n both_o the_o prince_n be_v indisputable_o right_a and_o lawful_a heir_n 〈◊〉_d their_o respective_a government_n as_o lineal_o descendeâ—_n from_o roderic_n the_o great_a who_o be_v legal_a proprietor_n 〈◊〉_d all_o wales_n gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n have_v already_o reduce_v thâ—_n isle_n of_o anglesey_n but_o not_o be_v able_a to_o levy_v a_o sufficieâ—_n army_n from_o thence_o to_o oppose_v trahaern_a he_o invite_v oâ—_n a_o great_a party_n of_o irish_a and_o scot_n and_o then_o with_o 〈◊〉_d whole_a army_n join_v with_o rhys_n ap_fw-mi theodor_n prince_n 〈◊〉_d south-wales_n trahaern_v in_o like_a manner_n associate_a himself_o caradoc_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_n and_o mailyr_n the_o son_n 〈◊〉_d rywalhon_fw-mi ap_fw-mi gwyn_n his_o cosin-germans_a the_o great_a aâ—â—_n most_o powerful_a man_n then_o in_o wales_n draw_v up_o his_o fâ—â—ces_n together_o with_o resolution_n to_o fight_v they_o boâ—â—_n army_n meet_v upon_o the_o mountain_n of_o carno_n a_o terrible_a and_o a_o cruel_a battle_n ensue_v present_o thereupon_o which_o prove_v the_o more_o fierce_a and_o bloody_a by_o reasâ—â—_n that_o both_o party_n resolute_o refer_v their_o whole_a fortune_n to_o the_o success_n of_o their_o arm_n and_o life_n woâ—â—â—_n prove_v vain_a if_o the_o day_n be_v lose_v but_o after_o a_o disâ—â—â—_n fight_v on_o both_o side_n the_o victory_n fall_v at_o last_o to_o gruffyâ—â—_n and_o rhys_n trahaern_v with_o his_o cousin_n be_v all_o slay_a 〈◊〉_d the_o field_n after_o who_o death_n gruffydh_n take_v possessâ—â—â—_n of_o north_n wales_n and_o so_o the_o rule_n of_o all_o wales_n afâ—â—â—_n a_o tedious_a interval_n be_v again_o restore_v to_o the_o rigâ—â—_n line_n about_o the_o same_o time_n vrgency_n ap_fw-mi sitsyâ—â—â—â—_n person_n of_o noble_a quality_n in_o wales_n be_v treacherous_a murder_v by_o the_o son_n of_o rhys_n sais_n or_o the_o englisâ—man_n by_o which_o name_n the_o welsh_a be_v accustom_v to_o denominate_v all_o person_n as_o either_o have_v live_v any_o considerable_a time_n in_o england_n or_o can_v fluent_o and_o handsome_o speak_v the_o english_a tongue_n gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n be_v confirm_v in_o the_o principality_n of_o north-wales_n and_o rhys_n ap_fw-mi theodor_n in_o â—â—â—t_n of_o south-wales_n there_o be_v no_o body_n that_o can_v â—â—â—ate_v they_o any_o molestation_n or_o disturbance_n upon_o the_o â—â—count_n of_o right_n which_o be_v unquestionable_o just_a that_o they_o quiet_o enjoy_v for_o some_o time_n their_o reâ—â—â—ctive_a dominion_n without_o apprehension_n of_o any_o other_o â—â—â—â—etender_n indeed_o it_o have_v seldom_o be_v know_v before_o â—â—â—t_o that_o one_o of_o the_o prince_n be_v a_o usurper_n and_o particular_o in_o north-wales_n where_o from_o the_o time_n of_o edâ—â—â—_n foel_n none_o have_v legal_o ascend_v to_o the_o crown_n â—â—â—cepting_v edwal_n the_o son_n of_o meyric_n elder_a son_n to_o â—â—wal_a foel_n in_o who_o line_n the_o undoubted_a title_n of_o â—â—rth-wales_n lawful_o descend_v and_o the_o right_a line_n â—â—â—ng_v now_o restore_v in_o gruffydh_n ap_fw-mi conan_n the_o same_o leâ—â—lly_o continue_v to_o lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi the_o last_o â—â—ince_n of_o the_o british_a blood_n but_o during_o these_o revolution_n in_o wales_n some_o thing_n memorable_a be_v transact_v in_o england_n malcolm_z king_n of_o the_o scot_n descend_v into_o northumberland_n ravage_v and_o destroy_v the_o country_n without_o mercy_n carry_v away_o a_o great_a numâ—â—r_n of_o prisoner_n after_o which_o the_o northumbrian_n fall_v â—â—on_n walter_n bishop_n of_o durham_n who_o they_o slay_v together_o with_o a_o hundred_o man_n whilst_o he_o sit_v keep_v
reply_v it_o be_v not_o so_o wonderful_a for_o although_o say_v he_o we_o have_v violent_o and_o injurious_o oppress_v that_o nation_n yet_o it_o be_v manifest_o know_v that_o they_o be_v the_o lawful_a and_o original_a inheritor_n of_o that_o country_n but_o whilst_o the_o norman_n be_v thus_o carve_v for_o themselves_o in_o glamorgan_n and_o brecnock_n cadogan_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n ap_fw-mi confyn_n towards_o the_o end_n of_o april_n enter_v into_o dyve_v and_o have_v ravage_v and_o destroy_v the_o country_n return_v back_o but_o within_o eight_o week_n after_o there_o succeed_v he_o a_o more_o fatal_a enemy_n for_o the_o norman_n land_v in_o dyve_v and_o cardigan_n begin_v to_o fortify_v themselves_o in_o castle_n and_o other_o strong_a place_n and_o to_o inhabit_v the_o country_n upon_o the_o seashore_n which_o before_o be_v not_o in_o their_o possession_n indeed_o the_o norman_n have_v by_o the_o connivance_n of_o the_o conqueror_n already_o get_v into_o their_o hand_n all_o the_o best_a estate_n in_o england_n begin_v now_o to_o spy_v out_o the_o commodity_n of_o wales_n and_o perceive_v moreover_o how_o brave_o robert_n fitzhamon_n and_o barnard_n newmarch_n have_v speed_v there_o think_v they_o may_v as_o well_o expect_v the_o like_a fortune_n wherefore_o have_v obtain_v a_o grant_n from_o king_n william_n who_o ready_o consent_v to_o their_o request_n because_o by_o this_o mean_v he_o kill_v two_o bird_n with_o one_o stone_n procure_v to_o himself_o their_o utmost_a service_n upon_o occasion_n and_o withal_o provide_v for_o they_o without_o any_o charge_n to_o himself_o they_o come_v to_o wales_n and_o so_o enter_v upon_o the_o estate_n appoint_v they_o by_o the_o king_n which_o they_o hold_v of_o he_o by_o knight-service_n have_v first_o do_v homage_n and_o swear_a fealty_n for_o the_o same_o roger_n montgomery_n earl_n of_o arundel_n do_v homage_n for_o the_o lordship_n of_o powis_n and_o card_n begin_v hugh_n lupus_n earl_n of_o chester_n for_o tegengl_n and_o râ—fonioc_n together_o with_o all_o the_o land_n lie_v upon_o the_o sea_n shore_n to_o the_o river_n câ—nwey_n arnulph_n a_o young_a son_n of_o roger_n montgomery_n for_o dyve_v barnard_n newmarch_n for_o brecnock_n ralph_n mortimer_n for_o eluel_n hugh_z de_fw-fr lacie_n for_o the_o land_n of_o ewyas_n eustace_n omer_n for_o mold_n and_o hapredale_n and_o several_a other_o do_v the_o like_a homage_n for_o other_o land_n but_o roger_n montgomery_n who_o by_o the_o conqueror_n be_v create_v earl_n of_o arundel_n and_o shrewsbury_n enter_v in_o a_o hostile_a manner_n into_o powys-land_n and_o have_v win_v the_o castle_n and_o town_n of_o baldwyn_n fortify_v it_o in_o his_o own_o right_n and_o call_v it_o montgomery_n after_o his_o own_o name_n king_n william_n of_o england_n be_v now_o in_o normandy_n and_o busy_o engage_v in_o a_o war_n against_o his_o brother_n robert_n by_o the_o advantage_n of_o who_o absence_n gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n and_o cadogan_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n who_o now_o rule_v in_o south_n wales_n with_o joint_a force_n enter_v into_o cardigan_n and_o slay_v a_o great_a number_n of_o norman_n who_o pride_n and_o excessive_a cruelty_n towards_o the_o welsh_a be_v altogether_o intolerable_a but_o after_o sufficient_a execution_n there_o be_v return_v home_o the_o norman_n send_v for_o more_o aid_n from_o england_n which_o be_v arrive_v they_o think_v to_o make_v a_o private_a inroad_n into_o north-wales_n and_o so_o to_o be_v revenge_v upon_o the_o welsh_a but_o their_o design_n be_v happy_o discover_v to_o cadogan_n he_o draw_v up_o his_o force_n to_o meet_v they_o and_o then_o unexpected_o set_v upon_o they_o in_o the_o forest_n of_o yspys_n after_o a_o very_a warm_a resistment_n of_o the_o norman_n side_n force_v they_o to_o retire_v by_o slight_a and_o then_o triumphant_o march_v through_o cardigan_n and_o dyve_v he_o destroy_v all_o the_o castle_n and_o fortification_n in_o the_o country_n beside_o pembrock_n and_o rydcor_n which_o prove_v too_o strong_a and_o impregnable_a a.d._n 1093_o the_o next_o year_n the_o norman_n who_o inhabit_v the_o country_n of_o glamorgan_n fall_v upon_o and_o destroy_v the_o country_n of_o gwyr_n kidwely_n and_o ysâ—â—âd_o tywy_a which_o they_o harrass_v in_o such_o a_o cruel_a manner_n that_o they_o leave_v they_o bare_a of_o any_o people_n to_o inhabit_v and_o to_o increase_v as_o it_o be_v think_v the_o misery_n of_o the_o welsh_a king_n william_n rufus_n be_v inform_v of_o the_o great_a slaughter_n which_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n and_o the_o son_n of_o blethyn_n ap_fw-mi confyn_n have_v late_o commit_v upon_o the_o english_a as_o well_o within_o cheshire_n shropshire_n worcestershire_n and_o herefordshire_n as_o within_o wales_n enter_v the_o country_n at_o montgomery_n which_o place_n the_o welsh_a have_v sometime_o since_o demolish_v king_n william_n late_o rebuilt_a but_o the_o welsh_a keep_v all_o the_o passage_n through_o the_o wood_n and_o river_n and_o all_o other_o strait_n so_o close_o that_o the_o king_n can_v effect_v nothing_o considerable_a against_o they_o and_o therefore_o when_o he_o perceive_v that_o his_o labour_n be_v but_o lose_v in_o continue_v in_o those_o part_n he_o forthwith_o decamp_v and_o return_v with_o no_o great_a honour_n back_o to_o england_n but_o this_o retreat_n of_o king_n william_n be_v not_o altogether_o so_o favourable_a to_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o a.d._n 1094_o welsh_a as_o the_o death_n of_o william_n fitz-baldwyn_n who_o be_v owner_n of_o the_o castle_n of_o rydcor_n and_o do_v the_o great_a mischief_n and_o hurt_n to_o the_o south-wales_n man_n of_o any_o other_o he_o be_v dead_a the_o garrison_n of_o rydcor_n which_o be_v wont_a to_o keep_v the_o welsh_a in_o continual_a a_o we_o forsake_v that_o place_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n give_v opportunity_n to_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o gwyr_n brecnock_n gwent_n and_o gwentlhwe_v to_o shake_v off_o that_o intolerable_a yoke_n the_o norman_n force_v upon_o they_o who_o after_o they_o have_v robe_v they_o of_o their_o land_n keep_v they_o in_o perpetual_a subjection_n but_o now_o william_n fitz-baldwyn_n be_v dead_a and_o the_o garrison_n of_o rydcor_n scatter_v they_o venture_v to_o lay_v violent_a hand_n upon_o the_o norman_n who_o think_v themselves_o free_a from_o all_o fear_n and_o prevail_v so_o successful_o that_o they_o drive_v they_o all_o out_o of_o the_o country_n and_o recover_v their_o own_o ancient_a estate_n but_o the_o norman_n like_v that_o country_n so_o well_o that_o they_o be_v resolve_v not_o to_o be_v so_o easy_o befool_v out_o of_o what_o they_o have_v with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o pain_n and_o danger_n once_o possess_v and_o therefore_o have_v draw_v a_o great_a number_n of_o english_a and_o norman_n to_o their_o aid_n they_o be_v desirous_a to_o venture_v another_o touch_n with_o the_o welsh_a and_o to_o return_v if_o possible_a to_o their_o once_o acquire_v habitation_n but_o the_o welsh_a so_o abhor_v their_o pride_n and_o tyrannical_a dominion_n over_o they_o when_o they_o be_v master_n that_o they_o be_v resolve_v not_o to_o â—e_v subject_a to_o such_o tyrant_n again_o and_o therefore_o they_o â—oldly_o meet_v they_o at_o a_o place_n call_v celly_n jarfawc_n and_o â—et_v upon_o they_o so_o manful_o the_o very_a apprehension_n of_o servitude_n whet_v their_o spirit_n that_o they_o put_v they_o â—o_o flight_n with_o great_a slaughter_n and_o drive_v they_o out_o of_o â—he_n country_n the_o norman_n however_o be_v not_o so_o absolute_o rout_v with_o this_o overthrow_n but_o like_o a_o fly_n in_o the_o night_n which_o destroy_v itself_o in_o the_o candle_n they_o must_v needs_o covet_v their_o own_o destruction_n their_o greediness_n egg_v they_o on_o to_o venture_v with_o few_o what_o be_v not_o practicable_a to_o be_v effect_v by_o many_o therefore_o they_o come_v as_o far_o as_o brecnock_v with_o this_o absolute_a â—ow_o and_o resolution_n not_o to_o leave_v one_o live_a thing_n remain_v in_o that_o country_n but_o they_o fall_v short_a of_o their_o policy_n the_o people_n of_o the_o country_n be_v remove_v to_o a_o narrow_a streight_n to_o expect_v their_o pass_v through_o whither_o the_o norman_n be_v advance_v they_o fall_v upon_o they_o and_o kill_v a_o great_a number_n of_o they_o about_o the_o same_o time_n roger_n montgomery_n earl_n of_o salop_n and_o arundel_n william_n fitzeustace_n earl_n of_o gloucester_n arnold_n de_fw-fr harecourt_n and_o neal_n le_fw-fr viscount_n be_v slay_v by_o the_o welsh_a between_o caerdà f_n and_o brecnock_v and_o walter_n eureux_fw-fr earl_n of_o sarum_n rosmer_n and_o mantiâ—ake_v hugh_n earl_n of_o gourney_n be_v wound_v who_o afterward_o die_v in_o normandy_n the_o norman_n find_v that_o they_o continual_o lose_v ground_n think_v it_o not_o advisable_v to_o stay_v any_o long_o and_o therefore_o have_v place_v sufficient_a garrison_n in_o those_o castle_n which_o they_o have_v former_o build_v they_o return_v with_o what_o speed_n they_o
can_v to_o england_n but_o all_o the_o haste_n they_o do_v make_v can_v not_o secure_v they_o from_o the_o fury_n of_o the_o welsh_a for_o gruffydh_n and_o ifor_n the_o son_n of_o ednerth_n ap_fw-mi cadogan_n expect_v they_o private_o at_o a_o place_n call_v aberlhech_v where_o fall_v unexpected_o upon_o they_o they_o slay_v the_o great_a part_n of_o their_o number_n the_o rest_n narrow_o escape_v safe_a to_o england_n but_o the_o norman_a garrison_n which_o be_v leave_v behind_o defend_v themselves_o with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o bravery_n till_o at_o last_o find_v no_o prospect_n of_o relief_n they_o be_v force_v for_o their_o own_o safety_n to_o deliver_v they_o up_o to_o the_o welsh_a who_o from_o that_o time_n become_v again_o proprietor_n of_o those_o place_n which_o the_o norman_n have_v dispossess_v they_o from_o and_o this_o encourage_v the_o welsh_a to_o undertake_v other_o thing_n against_o the_o english_a for_o immediate_o after_o this_o certain_a of_o the_o nobility_n of_o north-wales_n vchth_v the_o son_n of_o edwin_n ap_fw-mi grono_n by_o name_n together_o with_o howel_n ap_fw-mi grono_n and_o the_o soâ—â—_n of_o cadogan_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n of_o powys-land_n pass_v by_o cardigan_n into_o dyve_v which_o country_n king_n william_n have_v give_v to_o arnulph_n son_n to_o roger_n montgomery_n who_o have_v build_v thereon_o the_o castle_n of_o pembrock_n and_o appoint_v gerald_n de_fw-fr windsor_n governor_n of_o the_o same_o and_o destroy_v all_o the_o country_n with_o fire_n and_o sword_n except_v pembrock_n castle_n which_o be_v impregnable_a they_o return_v home_o with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o booty_n in_o recompense_n of_o this_o when_o the_o lord_n of_o north-wales_n be_v return_v gerald_n issue_v out_o of_o the_o castle_n and_o spoil_v all_o the_o country_n about_o s._n david_n and_o after_o he_o have_v get_v sufficient_a plunder_n and_o take_v divers_a prisoner_n return_v back_o into_o the_o castle_n a.d._n 1095_o the_o year_n follow_v king_n william_n be_v return_v from_o normandy_n and_o have_v hear_v how_o that_o the_o welsh_a have_v cut_v off_o a_o great_a number_n of_o his_o subject_n in_o wales_n gather_v all_o his_o power_n together_o and_o with_o great_a pomp_n and_o ostentation_n enter_v the_o march_n resolve_v utter_o to_o eradicate_v the_o rebellious_a and_o implacable_a humour_n of_o the_o welsh_a nation_n but_o after_o all_o this_o boast_n and_o seem_a resolution_n he_o dare_v venture_v no_o far_o than_o the_o march_n where_o have_v build_v some_o few_o castle_n he_o return_v with_o no_o great_a honour_n a.d._n 1096_o then_o he_o come_v but_o the_o next_o spring_n hugh_n de_fw-fr montgomery_n earl_n of_o arundel_n and_o salop_n by_o the_o welsh_a â—â—med_v hugh_n goch_n and_o hugh_n fras_n or_o the_o sit_v earl_n 〈◊〉_d chester_n be_v invite_v by_o some_o disaffect_v welchâ—â—rds_n â—â—rds_z come_v into_o north-wales_n with_o a_o very_a great_a â—â—my_n prince_n gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n and_o cadogan_n ap_fw-mi â—â—â—thyn_n perceive_v themselves_o to_o be_v too_o weak_a to_o â—â—pose_v so_o numerous_a a_o army_n and_o what_o be_v worse_o â—â—â—ng_v very_o suspicious_a of_o the_o fidelity_n and_o honesty_n of_o â—â—â—ir_n own_o force_n think_v it_o their_o best_a way_n to_o take_v 〈◊〉_d hill_n and_o mountain_n for_o their_o safety_n where_o they_o â—â—re_v like_a to_o remain_v most_o secure_a from_o the_o enemy_n â—â—en_o the_o english_a army_n march_v towards_o anglesey_n 〈◊〉_d be_v come_v over_o against_o the_o island_n they_o build_v 〈◊〉_d castle_n of_o aberlhiennawc_n but_o gruffydh_n and_o caâ—â—an_n can_v no_o long_o endure_v to_o see_v their_o country_n â—â—er_v run_v by_o the_o english_a and_o therefore_o they_o descendâ—â—_n from_o the_o mountain_n and_o come_v to_o anglesey_n think_v with_o what_o succour_n they_o shall_v receive_v from_o â—â—â—land_n of_o which_o they_o be_v disappoint_v to_o be_v able_a 〈◊〉_d defend_v the_o island_n from_o any_o attempt_n that_o shall_v 〈◊〉_d make_v upon_o it_o and_o now_o the_o whole_a treason_n and_o 〈◊〉_d occasion_n of_o the_o english_a come_v to_o wales_n be_v discover_v for_o owen_n ap_fw-mi edwin_n the_o prince_n his_o chiefâ—â—â—_n counsellor_n who_o daughter_n gruffydh_n have_v marâ—â—â—d_v have_v himself_o also_o marry_v everyth_v the_o daughâ—â—â—_n of_o confyn_n aunt_n to_o cadogan_n upon_o some_o private_a â—â—rudge_n or_o other_o call_v in_o the_o english_a into_o wales_n use_v at_o this_o time_n open_o join_v his_o force_n with_o â—â—eirs_n and_o lead_v the_o whole_a army_n over_o into_o anglesey_n â—ruffydh_fw-mi and_z cadogan_n find_v how_o they_o be_v beâ—â—ayed_v by_o their_o dear_a friend_n as_o they_o think_v for_o â—â—â—r_n of_o far_a treachery_n judge_v it_o prudent_a to_o sail_v private_o for_o ireland_n after_o who_o departure_n the_o engâ—â—â—h_n fall_v cruel_o to_o work_v destroy_v all_o they_o can_v â—â—me_n at_o without_o any_o respect_n to_o either_o age_n or_o sex_n â—nd_n whilst_o the_o english_a continue_v in_o anglesey_n magâ—â—s_v the_o son_n of_o harold_n late_o king_n of_o england_n come_v â—ver_o with_o a_o great_a fleet_n intend_v to_o lay_v fast_o hold_v â—pon_o that_o kingdom_n than_o his_o father_n have_v do_v and_o 〈◊〉_d recover_v the_o same_o to_o himself_o but_o whilst_o he_o steer_v â—is_fw-la course_n thitherward_o he_o be_v drive_v by_o contrary_a wind_n to_o the_o coast_n of_o anglesey_n where_o he_o will_v fain_o have_v land_v have_v not_o the_o english_a army_n keep_v he_o off_o but_o in_o this_o skirmish_n magnus_n accidental_o wound_v hugh_n earl_n of_o salop_n with_o a_o arrow_n in_o the_o face_n whereof_o he_o die_v and_o then_o of_o a_o sudden_a both_o army_n relinquish_v the_o island_n the_o english_a return_v a.d._n 1097_o to_o england_n appoint_v owen_n ap_fw-mi edwin_n who_o invite_v they_o over_o prince_n of_o the_o country_n but_o owen_n do_v not_o enjoy_v the_o principality_n long_o for_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o follow_a spring_n gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n and_o cadogan_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n return_v from_o ireland_n and_o have_v conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o the_o norman_n for_o some_o part_n of_o their_o land_n in_o wales_n gruffydh_n remain_v in_o anglesey_n and_o cadogan_n have_v cardigan_n with_o part_n of_o powy_n but_o though_o cadogan_n recover_v his_o estate_n yet_o in_o a_o little_a while_n after_o he_o lose_v his_o son_n lhewelyn_n who_o be_v treacherous_o murder_v by_o the_o man_n of_o brecnock_n at_o which_o time_n also_o die_v rythmarch_n archbishop_n of_o s._n david_n the_o son_n of_o sulien_n be_v in_o the_o 43_o year_n of_o his_o age_n a_o man_n of_o the_o great_a piety_n wisdom_n and_o learning_n as_o have_v flourish_v a_o long_a time_n in_o wales_n except_v his_o father_n under_o who_o a.d._n 1098_o tutelage_n he_o be_v educate_v the_o year_n follow_v king_n william_n rufus_n as_o he_o be_v hunt_v in_o the_o new_a forest_n be_v accidental_o stain_v with_o a_o arrow_n which_o one_o walter_n tyrrell_n shoot_v at_o a_o stag_n and_o his_o elder_a brother_n be_v then_o engage_v in_o the_o holy_a war_n henry_n his_o young_a brother_n who_o in_o his_o life-time_n he_o have_v nominate_v his_o successor_n be_v crown_v in_o his_o stead_n the_o same_o year_n hugh_n earl_n of_o chester_n grono_fw-it ap_fw-mi cadogan_n and_o gwyn_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi depart_v this_o life_n a.d._n 1100_o about_o two_o year_n after_o a_o rebellion_n break_v out_o in_o england_n robert_z de_fw-fr belesmo_n the_o son_n of_o roger_n de_fw-fr montgomery_n earl_n of_o salop_n and_o arnulph_n his_o brother_n earl_n of_o pembrock_n take_v up_o arm_n against_o king_n henry_n which_o he_o be_v inform_v of_o send_v they_o a_o very_a gracious_a message_n to_o come_v before_o he_o and_o declare_v their_o grievance_n and_o the_o reason_n of_o their_o rise_n up_o in_o arm_n against_o his_o majesty_n but_o the_o earl_n instead_o of_o appear_v in_o person_n send_v he_o flight_n and_o frivolous_a excuse_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a while_o make_v all_o necessary_a preparation_n for_o the_o war_n both_o by_o raise_v of_o force_n and_o fortify_v their_o castle_n and_o strong_a hold_n and_o to_o strengthen_v themselves_o the_o more_o they_o send_v rich_a present_n and_o make_v large_a promise_n to_o jorwerth_n cadogan_n and_o meredith_n the_o son_n of_o blethyn_n ap_fw-mi confyn_n for_o to_o bring_v they_o to_o their_o side_n robert_n fortify_v four_o castle_n namely_o arundel_n tekinhil_n shrewsbury_n and_o brugge_n which_o last_o by_o reason_n that_o robert_n build_v it_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o king_n be_v the_o chief_a occasion_n of_o this_o war_n and_o arnulph_n fortify_v his_o castle_n at_o pembrock_n after_o this_o they_o enter_v in_o a_o hostile_a manner_n into_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n waste_v and_o destroy_v all_o before_o they_o and_o to_o augment_v their_o strength_n arnulph_n send_v gerald_n his_o steward_n to_o murkart_n king_n of_o ireland_n desire_v his_o daughter_n in_o wedlock_n which_o be_v
of_o those_o who_o enjoy_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o welshman_n land_n but_o will_v not_o be_v satisfy_v till_o they_o get_v all_o for_o gilbert_n strongbow_n earl_n of_o strygill_n upon_o who_o the_o king_n have_v bestow_v cardigan_n make_v great_a complaint_n of_o owen_n ap_fw-mi cadwgan_n declare_v how_o that_o he_o receive_v and_o entertain_v such_o person_n as_o spoil_v and_o rob_v in_o his_o country_n and_z hugh_z earl_n of_o chester_n make_v the_o like_a of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n how_o that_o his_o subject_n and_o the_o man_n of_o grono_n ap_fw-mi owen_n ap_fw-mi edwin_n lord_n of_o tegengl_n unreproved_a waste_v and_o burn_v the_o country_n of_o cheshire_n and_o to_o aggravate_v the_o matter_n the_o more_o he_o add_v far_o that_o gruffydh_n neither_o owe_v any_o service_n nor_o pay_v any_o tribute_n to_o the_o king_n upon_o these_o complaint_n king_n henry_n be_v so_o cruel_o enrage_v that_o he_o swear_v he_o will_v not_o leave_v one_o 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elhiw_n the_o daughter_n of_o cadifor_n ap_fw-mi colhoyn_v lord_n of_o dyfed_a henry_n and_o gruffydh_n be_v by_o the_o daughter_n of_o the_o lord_n pigot_n his_o wed_a wife_n meredith_n by_o eururon_n hoedliw_n and_o himself_o by_o inerth_n the_o daughter_n of_o edwin_n but_o a_o while_n afterward_o eineon_n ap_fw-mi cadwgan_n and_o gruffydh_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n besiege_v the_o castle_n of_o cymmer_n in_o merionythshire_n which_o be_v late_o build_v by_o vchtryd_v ap_fw-mi edwin_n for_o cadwgan_n have_v bestow_v upon_o vchtryd_v his_o cofin-german_a merionyth_n and_o cyfeilioc_n upon_o condition_n that_o in_o all_o case_n he_o shall_v appear_v his_o friend_n and_o his_o son_n after_o he_o contrary_a to_o which_o promise_n he_o bear_v no_o manner_n of_o regard_n to_o cadwgan_n child_n after_o owen_n death_n but_o to_o strengthen_v himself_o the_o better_a he_o erect_v this_o castle_n of_o cymmer_n which_o very_o much_o displease_v many_o of_o cadwgan_n son_n and_o 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henry_n have_v give_v all_o cardigan_n depart_v this_o life_n after_o a_o long_a fit_a of_o a_o consumption_n much_o to_o the_o joy_n and_o satisfaction_n of_o the_o welsh_a who_o be_v in_o great_a measure_n displease_v that_o they_o shall_v be_v deprive_v of_o their_o own_o natural_a lord_n cadwgan_n from_o who_o this_o country_n be_v take_v away_o and_o be_v force_v to_o serve_v and_o be_v subject_a to_o a_o stranger_n who_o kindness_n they_o have_v no_o great_a reason_n to_o expect_v but_o the_o year_n follow_v a.d._n 1115_o a_o irreconcilable_a quarrel_n happen_v betwixt_o howel_n ap_fw-mi ithel_n lord_n of_o ros_n and_o ryfonioc_n now_o denbighland_n and_o riryd_n and_o lhywarch_n the_o son_n of_o owen_n ap_fw-mi edwin_n and_o when_o they_o can_v not_o otherwise_o agree_v they_o break_v out_o into_o open_a war_n and_o thereupon_o howel_n send_v to_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n and_o to_o eineon_n and_o madawc_n cadwgan_n son_n who_o come_v down_o from_o merionyth_n with_o a_o party_n of_o four_o hundred_o well-disciplined_a man_n and_o encamp_v in_o dyffryn_n clwyd_n riryd_n and_o lhywarch_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n deâ—â—red_v the_o assistance_n of_o their_o cousin_n the_o son_n of_o vchtryd_v and_o so_o both_o army_n meet_v in_o the_o vale_n of_o clwyd_n they_o fall_v to_o blow_n with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o spirit_n and_o alacrity_n and_o after_o a_o tedious_a and_o a_o bloody_a fight_n lhywarch_n owen_n ap_fw-mi edwyn's_fw-mi son_n be_v at_o last_o slay_v and_o with_o he_o jorwerth_n the_o son_n of_o nudh_n a_o noble_a and_o a_o valorous_a person_n and_o riryd_n be_v force_v to_o make_v his_o escape_n by_o flight_n but_o though_o howel_n obtain_v the_o victory_n yet_o he_o do_v not_o long_o survive_v his_o slay_a enemy_n for_o have_v receive_v a_o desperate_a wound_n in_o the_o action_n dye_v of_o it_o within_o forty_o day_n and_o than_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n and_o the_o son_n of_o cadwgan_n find_v it_o dangerous_a to_o stay_v long_o there_o 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so_o long_o but_o that_o within_o a_o short_a time_n he_o begin_v to_o solace_v and_o raise_v his_o droop_a spirit_n with_o the_o thought_n of_o a_o new_a wife_n and_o have_v marry_v adelice_n a.d._n 1118_o the_o daughter_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o louvain_n he_o purpose_v to_o go_v against_o wales_n and_o have_v prepare_v his_o force_n he_o lead_v they_o in_o person_n to_o powys-land_n when_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n and_o eineon_n madawc_n and_o morgan_n the_o son_n of_o cadwgan_n and_o lord_n of_o the_o country_n hear_v of_o it_o they_o send_v to_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n prince_n of_o north_n wales_n desire_v some_o help_n at_o his_o hand_n who_o flat_o refuse_v assure_v they_o that_o because_o he_o be_v at_o peace_n with_o the_o king_n of_o england_n he_o can_v neither_o with_o honour_n nor_o safety_n send_v they_o any_o succour_n nor_o permit_v they_o to_o come_v within_o his_o dominion_n the_o lord_n of_o powy_n receive_v this_o unwelcome_a answer_n and_o have_v now_o no_o manner_n of_o hope_n of_o any_o aid_n be_v resolve_v however_o to_o defend_v themselves_o as_o well_o as_o they_o can_v and_o therefore_o they_o think_v it_o the_o most_o effectual_a mean_n to_o annoy_v the_o enemy_n and_o to_o keep_v they_o from_o enter_v into_o the_o country_n be_v to_o observe_v and_o defend_v the_o strait_n by_o which_o the_o enemy_n must_v of_o necessity_n pass_v neither_o be_v they_o out_o in_o their_o policy_n for_o it_o happen_v that_o the_o king_n himself_o with_o a_o small_a number_n advance_v to_o one_o of_o these_o narrow_a passage_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o army_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o carriage_n have_v take_v some_o compass_n about_o which_o the_o welsh_a perceive_v present_o pour_v a_o shower_n of_o arrow_n upon_o they_o and_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o ground_n give_v help_n to_o their_o execution_n they_o slay_v and_o wound_v a_o great_a many_o of_o the_o english_a the_o king_n himself_o be_v strike_v in_o the_o breast_n but_o for_o all_o that_o the_o arrow_n can_v not_o hurt_v he_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o armour_n yet_o he_o be_v so_o terrify_v with_o this_o unexpected_a conflict_n and_o consider_v with_o himself_o that_o he_o must_v receive_v several_a such_o brush_n before_o he_o can_v advance_v to_o the_o plain_a country_n and_o what_o be_v above_o all_o be_v sensible_a that_o by_o such_o rash_a misfortune_n he_o may_v lose_v all_o the_o honour_n and_o fame_n which_o he_o have_v before_o obtain_v send_v a_o message_n to_o parley_v with_o they_o who_o keep_v the_o passage_n and_o with_o all_o assurance_n of_o safety_n to_o desire_v they_o to_o come_v to_o the_o king_n the_o welsh_a be_v come_v and_o question_v how_o they_o have_v such_o confidence_n to_o oppose_v the_o king_n and_o to_o put_v his_o life_n in_o so_o much_o danger_n make_v answer_n that_o they_o belong_v to_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n and_o according_a to_o their_o master_n order_n they_o be_v
interdict_v and_o forbid_v to_o enter_v any_o man_n house_n or_o to_o compose_v any_o song_n of_o any_o one_o without_o the_o special_a leave_n and_o warrant_v of_o the_o party_n concern_v with_o many_o other_o ordinance_n relate_v to_o the_o like_a purpose_n owen_n gwynedh_n after_o the_o death_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n his_o elder_a son_n owen_n surname_v gwynedh_n succeed_v in_o the_o principality_n of_o north_n wales_n who_o no_o soon_o have_v enter_v upon_o the_o government_n but_o together_o with_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o brethren_n he_o make_v a_o expedition_n into_o south-wales_n and_o have_v demolish_v and_o overthrow_v the_o castle_n of_o stradmeyric_n stephan_n and_o humffreys_n and_o lay_v in_o ash_n the_o town_n of_o caermardhyn_n he_o return_v home_o with_o no_o less_o honour_n than_o booty_n and_o plunder_n about_o the_o same_o time_n john_n archdeacon_n of_o lhanbaran_n depart_v this_o life_n a_o man_n of_o singular_a piety_n and_o strictness_n of_o life_n who_o for_o his_o rigid_a zeal_n in_o religion_n and_o virtue_n be_v think_v worthy_a to_o be_v canonize_v and_o to_o be_v count_v among_o the_o number_n of_o the_o saint_n this_o year_n likewise_o king_n stephen_n pass_v over_o to_o normandy_n and_o have_v conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o the_o french_a king_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o anjou_n return_v back_o to_o england_n without_o any_o further_a delay_n but_o the_o follow_a spring_n give_v opportunity_n for_o great_a undertake_n david_n king_n of_o scot_n upon_o the_o king_n of_o england_n go_v to_o france_n last_o summer_n have_v enter_v the_o border_n of_o england_n and_o continue_v to_o make_v considerable_a waste_v and_o havoc_n in_o that_o part_n of_o the_o country_n whereupon_o king_n stephen_n to_o rid_v his_o country_n and_o his_o subject_n from_o so_o dangerous_a a_o enemy_n march_v with_o a_o army_n towards_o the_o north_n who_o come_v the_o king_n of_o scot_n hear_v of_o he_o relinquish_v the_o border_n of_o england_n and_o retire_v to_o his_o own_o country_n but_o that_o will_v not_o satisfy_v king_n stephen_n who_o desire_v to_o be_v further_o revenge_v for_o the_o unpardonable_a hostility_n commit_v by_o the_o scot_n in_o his_o country_n and_o therefore_o pursue_v the_o scot_n to_o their_o own_o country_n he_o harassed_a and_o lay_v waist_n all_o the_o south_n part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o scotland_n but_o the_o king_n absence_n animate_v several_a of_o the_o english_a nobility_n to_o rebel_n to_o which_o purpose_n they_o fortify_v every_o one_o their_o castle_n and_o strong_a hold_v william_n earl_n of_o gloucester_n those_o of_o leeds_n and_o bristol_n ralph_n lunel_n cariola_n william_n fitzallen_n shrewsbury_n paganellus_n ludlow_n william_n the_o moyun_n dunester_n robert_n the_o nichol_n warham_n eustace_n fitz-john_n merton_n and_o walklyn_n dover_n but_o for_o all_o these_o mighty_a preparation_n the_o king_n in_o a_o short_a time_n become_v master_n of_o they_o all_o some_o he_o win_v by_o assault_n other_o upon_o fair_a promise_n and_o advantageous_a condition_n be_v surrender_v up_o and_o some_o he_o get_v by_o treacherous_a and_o underhand_o contrivance_n the_o scot_n think_v to_o make_v good_a advantage_n of_o these_o commotion_n in_o england_n and_o thereupon_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o hear_v that_o some_o of_o the_o english_a nobility_n be_v in_o actual_a rebellion_n against_o the_o king_n they_o enter_v into_o the_o border_n and_o begin_v as_o they_o think_v without_o any_o apprehension_n of_o opposition_n to_o ravage_v and_o lay_v waste_v the_o country_n before_o '_o they_o but_o william_n earl_n of_o albemarle_n william_n pyppell_n earl_n of_o nottingham_n walter_n espec_n and_o gilbert_n lacie_n gather_v together_o all_o the_o force_n they_o can_v raise_v in_o the_o north_n and_o be_v animate_v and_o encourage_v by_o the_o eloquent_a and_o press_a oration_n of_o ralph_n bishop_n of_o orkneys_n which_o he_o deliver_v in_o the_o audience_n of_o the_o whole_a army_n they_o set_v upon_o the_o scot_n at_o almerton_n with_o such_o unanimous_a courage_n that_o after_o a_o very_a great_a slaughter_n of_o his_o man_n king_n david_n be_v glad_a to_o escape_v with_o his_o life_n by_o flight_n after_o this_o king_n stephen_n seize_v to_o his_o own_o use_n the_o castle_n of_o ludlow_n and_o leeds_n and_o press_v the_o bishop_n of_o salisbury_n and_o lincoln_n so_o hard_o that_o to_o prevent_v their_o perish_v by_o famine_n they_o be_v constrain_v to_o surrender_v the_o former_a the_o castle_n of_o vise_n and_o shirburn_n the_o latter_a those_o of_o newark_n upon_o trent_n and_o sleeford_n this_o do_v not_o a_o little_a augment_v the_o king_n strength_n against_o the_o ensue_a storm_n for_o in_o the_o summer_n this_o year_n maud_n the_o empress_n daughter_n and_o heir_n to_o king_n henry_n to_o who_o king_n stephen_n with_o all_o the_o nobility_n of_o england_n have_v swear_v allegiance_n land_v at_o arundel_n with_o her_o brother_n robert_n earl_n of_o gloucester_n and_o be_v there_o honourable_o receive_v by_o william_n de_fw-fr albineto_n who_o be_v late_o marry_v to_o queen_n adeliz_n king_n henry_n widow_n with_o who_o he_o receive_v the_o earldom_n of_o arundel_n in_o dowry_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o king_n stephen_n hear_v of_o her_o land_n he_o march_v with_o all_o possible_a speed_n to_o arundel_n and_o lay_v siege_n to_o the_o castle_n but_o find_v it_o upon_o trial_n impregnable_a he_o raise_v the_o siege_n and_o by_o that_o mean_v suffer_v the_o empress_n and_o her_o brother_n to_o escape_v to_o bristol_n a.d._n 1138_o the_o next_o year_n a_o unlucky_a accident_n fall_v out_o in_o wales_n cynric_n one_o of_o prince_n owen_n son_n have_v by_o some_o mean_n or_o other_o disgu_v madawc_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n ap_fw-mi confyn_n a_o person_n of_o considerable_a esteem_n and_o estate_n in_o the_o country_n be_v with_o his_o connivance_n set_v upon_o and_o slay_v by_o his_o men._n but_o the_o affair_n of_o england_n this_o year_n afford_v great_a rarity_n of_o action_n king_n stephen_n with_o a_o formidable_a army_n lay_v siege_n to_o the_o city_n of_o lincoln_n to_o the_o relief_n of_o which_o ranulph_n earl_n of_o chester_n and_o robert_n earl_n of_o gloucester_n march_v with_o their_o force_n but_o before_o they_o can_v arrive_v the_o town_n be_v take_v whereupon_o they_o draw_v up_o their_o force_n in_o order_n to_o give_v the_o king_n battle_n who_o on_o the_o other_o side_n be_v as_o ready_a to_o receive_v they_o king_n stephen_n draw_v up_o his_o force_n in_o three_o battle_n the_o first_o be_v lead_v by_o the_o earl_n of_o britain_n mellent_a norfolk_n hampton_n and_o warren_n the_o second_o by_o the_o earl_n of_o albemarle_n and_o william_n of_o ypres_n and_o the_o three_o by_o the_o king_n himself_o assist_v by_o baldwyn_n fitz-gilbert_n with_o several_a other_o of_o his_o nobility_n of_o the_o enemy_n side_n the_o disinherited_a baron_n have_v the_o first_o place_n the_o earl_n of_o chester_n with_o a_o considerable_a party_n of_o welshman_n far_o better_o courage_v than_o arm_v lead_v the_o second_o and_o the_o earl_n of_o gloucester_n the_o three_o battle_n after_o a_o hot_a and_o bloody_a dispute_n of_o both_o side_n the_o victory_n at_o length_n favour_v the_o baron_n king_n stephen_n be_v first_o take_v prisoner_n and_o a_o little_a after_o the_o queen_n together_o with_o william_n of_o ypres_n and_o bryan_n fitz-count_n but_o within_o a_o while_n after_o william_n martell_n and_o geffrey_n de_fw-fr mandeville_n gather_v together_o some_o fresh_a force_n and_o fight_v the_o empress_n and_o her_o brother_n at_o winchester_n and_o have_v put_v the_o empress_n to_o flight_n take_v earl_n robert_n prisoner_n for_o exchange_v of_o who_o the_o king_n be_v set_v at_o liberty_n the_o next_o year_n king_n stephen_n will_v a.d._n 1139_o try_v the_o other_o adventure_n and_o receive_v a_o second_o overthrow_n at_o wilton_n which_o however_o do_v not_o so_o much_o discourage_v he_o but_o that_o he_o lay_v so_o close_a a_o siege_n to_o the_o empress_n at_o oxford_n that_o she_o be_v glad_a to_o make_v she_o escape_v to_o wallingford_n the_o same_o year_n die_v madawc_n ap_fw-mi ednerth_n a_o person_n of_o great_a quality_n and_o note_n in_o wales_n and_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi howel_n a_o man_n of_o no_o mean_a esteem_n be_v slay_v by_o the_o son_n of_o blethyn_n ap_fw-mi gwyn_n for_o the_o two_o succeed_a year_n nothing_o remarkable_a a.d._n 1140_o pass_v in_o wales_n except_v that_o this_o year_n howel_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi rhytherch_n of_o cantref_n rychan_n and_o rhys_n ap_fw-mi howel_n be_v cowardly_o slay_v by_o the_o treachery_n and_o perfidious_a practice_n of_o the_o fleming_n and_o the_o next_o a.d._n 1141_o year_n howel_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n be_v base_o murder_v by_o his_o own_o man_n at_o which_o time_n howel_n and_o cadwgan_n the_o son_n of_o madawc_n ap_fw-mi ednerth_n upon_o some_o unhappy_a quarrel_n do_v kill_v
they_o place_v themselves_o in_o a_o ambuscade_n and_o when_o the_o game_n come_v that_o way_n they_o unexpected_o set_v upon_o the_o unarmed_a sports-man_n and_o have_v easy_o make_v all_o the_o rest_n fly_v away_o they_o wound_v cadelh_n so_o cruel_o that_o he_o narrow_o escape_v their_o hand_n alive_a who_o make_v shift_n to_o get_v home_o lay_v for_o a_o long_a time_n dangerous_o ill_a and_o with_o great_a difficulty_n at_o length_n recover_v his_o life_n upon_o this_o his_o brother_n meredith_n and_o rhys_n pass_v with_o a_o army_n into_o gwyr_n and_o have_v burn_v and_o destroy_v the_o country_n thereabouts_o they_o besiege_v and_o take_v the_o castle_n of_o aberlhychwr_n but_o find_v they_o can_v not_o keep_v it_o they_o raze_v it_o to_o the_o ground_n and_o after_o that_o return_v home_o with_o great_a booty_n to_o dynefawr_n and_o repair_v the_o fortification_n of_o the_o castle_n there_o about_o the_o same_o time_n also_o howel_n prince_n owen_n gwynedh_n son_n fortify_v humphry_n castle_n in_o the_o valley_n of_o caletwr_n a.d._n 1151_o but_o the_o follow_a year_n prince_n owen_n do_v a_o very_a barbarous_a action_n to_o cunetha_n his_o brother_n cadwalhon_n son_n for_o fear_v lest_o that_o this_o young_a man_n shall_v lay_v claim_n to_o any_o part_n of_o his_o estate_n as_o his_o father_n be_v right_a he_o first_o pull_v out_o his_o eye_n and_o afterward_o castrate_v he_o for_o fear_v he_o shall_v beget_v any_o child_n who_o may_v some_o time_n or_o other_o renew_v their_o claim_n and_o right_a to_o cadwalhon_n estate_n this_o inhuman_a severity_n be_v succeed_v by_o another_o of_o no_o small_a remark_n lhewelyn_n son_n to_o madoc_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n have_v watch_v a_o convenient_a opportunity_n set_v upon_o and_o slay_v stephen_n the_o son_n of_o baldwin_n but_o cadwallader_n prince_n owen_n brother_n after_o a_o tedious_a imprisonment_n which_o he_o have_v sustain_v through_o the_o malice_n and_o rancour_n of_o his_o nephew_n howel_n at_o length_n make_v his_o escape_n and_o fly_v to_o the_o isle_n of_o anglesey_n bring_v a_o considerable_a part_n of_o that_o island_n under_o his_o subjection_n but_o prince_n owen_n hear_v how_o that_o his_o brother_n have_v get_v loose_a from_o custody_n and_o that_o he_o be_v in_o actual_a possession_n of_o a_o great_a part_n of_o anglesey_n he_o present_o dispatch_v a_o army_n over_o which_o prove_v too_o formidable_a to_o cadwalader_n party_n he_o be_v constrain_v to_o escape_v to_o england_n and_o to_o desire_v succour_n from_o his_o wife_n relation_n who_o be_v the_o daughter_n of_o gilbert_n earl_n of_o clare_n this_o year_n galfrede_n arthur_n common_o call_v geffrey_n of_o monmouth_n be_v make_v bishop_n of_o st._n asaph_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n simon_n archdeacon_n of_o cyfeilioc_n a_o man_n of_o great_a worth_n and_o esteem_n in_o his_o country_n die_v but_o the_o year_n follow_v meredith_n and_o rhys_n the_o son_n a.d._n 1152_o of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n lay_v siege_n to_o penwedic_n castle_n which_o belong_v to_o howel_n prince_n owen_n son_n and_o after_o great_a pain_n and_o considerable_a loss_n of_o man_n of_o their_o side_n at_o last_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o it_o from_o thence_o they_o march_v by_o night_n to_o tenby_n and_o unexpected_o fall_v upon_o the_o castle_n of_o which_o one_o william_n fitzgerald_n be_v governor_n they_o scale_v the_o wall_n before_o the_o garrison_n be_v aware_a of_o any_o danger_n and_o so_o possess_v themselves_o of_o the_o castle_n they_o fall_v foul_a upon_o the_o garrison_n in_o revenge_n of_o the_o mischief_n they_o have_v do_v and_o further_o design_v to_o their_o brother_n cadelh_n for_o cadelh_n at_o this_o time_n be_v go_v upon_o a_o pilgrimage_n and_o during_o his_o absence_n have_v commit_v his_o whole_a inheritance_n and_o all_o other_o concern_v in_o wales_n to_o the_o care_n of_o his_o brethren_n meredith_n and_o rhys_n but_o after_o the_o take_a tenby-castle_n they_o divide_v their_o army_n into_o two_o party_n with_o one_o of_o which_o rhys_n march_v to_o ystratcongen_n and_o after_o great_a havoc_n and_o waste_v commit_v there_o he_o pass_v to_o cyfeilioc_n which_o fare_v in_o like_a manner_n with_o ystratcongen_n meredith_n with_o the_o other_o party_n sit_v before_o aberavan-castle_n and_o after_o a_o short_a siege_n win_v and_o get_v possession_n of_o it_o and_o then_o return_v home_o with_o very_o considerable_a booty_n and_o many_o rich_a spoil_n about_o the_o same_o time_n rondel_n earl_n of_o chester_n who_o have_v live_v in_o continual_a enmity_n and_o frequent_a hostility_n with_o prince_n owen_n of_o north-wales_n depart_v this_o life_n leave_v his_o son_n hugh_n to_o enjoy_v both_o his_o title_n and_o estate_n in_o england_n and_o to_o prosecute_v the_o feud_n and_o hostility_n against_o the_o welsh_a a.d._n 1153_o and_o short_o after_o die_v meredith_n son_n to_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n who_o be_v lord_n of_o cardigan_n ystratywy_n and_o dyfed_a be_v not_o pass_v the_o twenty_o five_o year_n of_o his_o age_n a_o person_n of_o incomparable_a valour_n and_o audacity_n and_o in_o all_o his_o warlike_a attempt_n and_o achievement_n very_o fortunate_a he_o be_v present_o follow_v by_o geoffrey_n bishop_n of_o llandaf_n a_o man_n as_o famous_a for_o learning_n and_o a_o good_a life_n as_o the_o other_o be_v for_o masculine_a bravery_n and_o martial_a prowess_n in_o england_n the_o face_n of_o thing_n look_v very_o lower_v henry_n surname_v shortmantel_n the_o empress_n son_n land_v in_o england_n and_o in_o his_o progress_n through_o the_o country_n take_v several_a castle_n among_o which_o be_v malmesbury_n wallingford_n and_o shrewsbury_n but_o his_o fury_n be_v quick_o appease_v by_o the_o death_n of_o eustace_n king_n stephen_n son_n so_o that_o the_o sole_a obstacle_n for_o his_o succeed_a to_o the_o crown_n be_v now_o remove_v he_o willing_o conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o king_n stephen_n permit_v he_o to_o enjoy_v the_o crown_n peaceable_o for_o his_o life_n upon_o condition_n a._n d_o 1154_o that_o himself_o be_v declare_v his_o successor_n but_o king_n stephen_n do_v not_o long_o survive_v this_o treaty_n and_o then_o henry_n plantagenet_n the_o empress_z son_n be_v crown_v in_o a.d._n 1155_o his_o stead_n towards_o the_o beginning_n of_o king_n henry_n reign_n rhys_n gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n king_n of_o south_n wales_n upon_o apprehension_n that_o owen_n gwynedh_n have_v raise_v a_o army_n for_o the_o conquest_n of_o south-wales_n draw_v together_o all_o his_o strength_n and_o march_v to_o aberdyfi_n to_o face_v the_o enemy_n upon_o their_o own_o border_n but_o find_v the_o rumour_n to_o be_v false_a and_o that_o the_o prince_n of_o north-wales_n have_v no_o such_o design_n in_o hand_n have_v build_v a_o castle_n at_o aberdyfi_n which_o may_v defend_v the_o frontier_n from_o any_o future_a design_n of_o his_o country_n he_o return_v back_o without_o attempt_v any_o thing_n far_o at_o the_o same_o time_n madoc_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n build_v a_o castle_n at_o caereneon_n near_o cymer_n and_o then_o eglwys_n fair_a in_o myfot_o be_v found_v about_o this_o time_n also_o meyric_n nephew_n to_o prince_n madoc_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n make_v his_o escape_n out_o of_o prison_n wherein_o he_o have_v be_v detain_v by_o his_o uncle_n for_o a_o considerable_a time_n the_o same_o year_n king_n henry_n be_v displease_v with_o the_o fleming_n who_o his_o predecessor_n king_n stephen_n have_v bring_v over_o into_o england_n issue_v out_o a_o proclamation_n charge_v the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o to_o depart_v his_o dominion_n and_o to_o retire_v to_o their_o countryman_n in_o west-wales_n where_o his_o grandfather_n henry_n the_o first_o the_o bastard_n son_n have_v plant_v they_o and_o thus_o that_o part_n of_o wales_n call_v pembrokeshire_n be_v overrun_v with_o these_o stranger_n who_o be_v better_a befriend_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n than_o the_o welsh_a can_v well_o expect_v to_o be_v make_v sure_a foot_n in_o that_o country_n where_o they_o have_v ever_o since_o continue_v firm_a it_o be_v the_o english_a policy_n of_o those_o time_n to_o accept_v of_o any_o opportunity_n to_o curb_v and_o keep_v under_o the_o welsh_a who_o they_o experience_v to_o be_v none_o of_o the_o safe_a neighbour_n and_o therefore_o the_o king_n of_o england_n do_v grant_v any_o land_n and_o privilege_n in_o wales_n to_o any_o that_o will_v accept_v of_o they_o which_o honest_o they_o have_v no_o power_n to_o bestow_v but_o this_o be_v not_o enough_o in_o detriment_n to_o the_o welsh_a a.d._n 1156_o for_o the_o year_n follow_v king_n henry_n raise_v a_o very_a great_a army_n which_o he_o gather_v from_o all_o part_n of_o england_n with_o purpose_n to_o subdue_v all_o north-wales_n be_v principal_o move_v hereto_o by_o the_o instigation_n of_o cadwallader_n the_o prince_n brother_n who_o owen_n gwynedh_n for_o what_o reason_n not_o
wrongful_a and_o deceitful_a deal_n of_o king_n henry_n but_o know_v himself_o to_o be_v unable_a to_o redress_v these_o grievance_n he_o think_v it_o more_o advisible_a for_o a_o time_n to_o live_v quiet_o with_o a_o little_a than_o rash_o to_o hazard_v all_o but_o in_o a_o short_a time_n he_o have_v opportunity_n either_o to_o demand_v redress_n from_o the_o king_n or_o else_o to_o endeavour_v it_o himself_o by_o force_n of_o arms._n for_o as_o soon_o as_o roger_n earl_n of_o clare_n be_v inform_v of_o the_o distribution_n which_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v grant_v to_o prince_n rhys_n he_o come_v to_o king_n henry_n request_v of_o his_o majesty_n that_o he_o will_v grant_v he_o such_o land_n in_o wales_n as_o he_o can_v win_v by_o force_n of_o armâ—_n the_o king_n ready_o comply_v with_o his_o request_n be_v always_o very_o forward_o to_o grant_v any_o thing_n which_o seem_v to_o curb_v and_o discommode_v the_o welsh_a and_o therefore_o the_o earl_n of_o clare_n march_v with_o a_o great_a army_n into_o cardigan_n and_o have_v fortify_v the_o castle_n of_o ystratmeyric_a humphrey_n dyfi_n dynerth_n and_o lhanrhystyd_n he_o make_v several_a incursion_n into_o the_o country_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n walter_n clyfford_v who_o be_v governor_n of_o lhanymdhyfri_n castle_n make_v inroad_n into_o the_o territory_n of_o prince_n rhys_n and_o after_o he_o have_v slay_v several_a of_o the_o welsh_a and_o make_v great_a waste_n in_o the_o country_n return_v with_o considerable_a booty_n prince_n rhys_n as_o he_o be_v unable_a to_o bear_v these_o outrage_n so_o he_o be_v resolve_v either_o to_o have_v immediate_a redress_n or_o else_o to_o proclaim_v open_a war_n against_o the_o english_a and_o therefore_o he_o send_v a_o express_a to_o king_n henry_n complain_v of_o the_o hostility_n which_o his_o subject_n the_o earl_n of_o clare_n and_o walter_n clifford_n have_v commit_v in_o in_o his_o country_n but_o find_v the_o king_n to_o put_v he_o still_o off_o with_o only_a smooth_a word_n and_o fair_a promise_n and_o that_o he_o always_o wink_v at_o the_o fault_n of_o the_o english_a and_o norman_n without_o any_o far_a consultation_n about_o the_o matter_n he_o lay_v siege_n to_o the_o castle_n of_o lhanymdhyfri_n and_o in_o short_a time_n make_v himself_o matter_n of_o it_o also_o eineon_n the_o son_n of_o anarawd_n rhy_n brother_n son_n and_o a_o person_n of_o great_a valour_n be_v desirous_a to_o free_v his_o country_n from_o that_o miserable_a servitude_n they_o now_o groan_v under_o and_o judge_v withal_o that_o his_o uncle_n be_v now_o discharge_v from_o the_o oath_n he_o have_v late_o swear_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n sit_v before_o the_o castle_n of_o humphrey_n and_o have_v forcible_o make_v his_o entrance_n into_o it_o he_o put_v all_o the_o garrison_n to_o the_o sword_n where_o he_o find_v a_o great_a number_n of_o horse_n and_o armour_n enough_o to_o arm_v a_o considerable_a body_n of_o man_n and_o whilst_o eineon_n be_v thus_o engage_v at_o humphrey_n castle_n prince_n rhys_n perceive_v that_o he_o can_v not_o enjoy_v any_o part_n of_o his_o inheritance_n but_o what_o he_o afterward_o get_v by_o the_o sword_n draw_v all_o his_o power_n together_o and_o enter_v cardigan_n where_o like_o a_o most_o violent_a torrent_n he_o overrun_v the_o country_n that_o he_o leave_v not_o one_o castle_n stand_v of_o those_o which_o his_o enemy_n have_v fortify_v and_o so_o bring_v all_o the_o country_n to_o his_o subjection_n king_n henry_n be_v sore_o offend_v at_o the_o progress_n which_o prince_n rhys_n so_o sudden_o make_v against_o he_o return_v with_o a_o great_a army_n into_o south-wales_n but_o find_v it_o to_o no_o purpose_n to_o attempt_v any_o thing_n against_o the_o prince_n he_o think_v it_o more_o advisable_a to_o permit_v he_o to_o enjoy_v all_o that_o he_o have_v get_v and_o only_o to_o take_v hostage_n for_o his_o observe_v of_o peace_n during_o his_o absence_n out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o prince_n rhys_n promise_v to_o do_v he_o forthwith_o return_v to_o england_n and_o soon_o after_o go_v for_o normandy_n where_o he_o conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o the_o french_a king_n a.d._n 1158_o but_o the_o year_n follow_v prince_n rhys_n of_o south-wales_n without_o any_o respect_n to_o his_o promise_n to_o king_n henry_n last_o year_n lead_v his_o force_n to_o dyfed_a and_o destroy_v all_o the_o castle_n that_o the_o norman_n have_v fortify_v in_o that_o country_n and_o then_o lay_v siege_n to_o caermardhyn_n but_o reynold_n earl_n of_o bristol_n the_o king_n be_v base_a son_n be_v inform_v of_o it_o call_v together_o the_o earl_n of_o clare_n his_o brother-in-law_n cadwallader_n prince_n owen_n of_o north-wales's_a brother_n howel_n and_o conan_n owen_n son_n with_o two_o earl_n more_o who_o with_o their_o joint_a force_n march_v to_o raise_v the_o siege_n but_o prince_n rhys_n be_v wise_a than_o to_o abide_v their_o come_n and_o therefore_o upon_o the_o first_o intimation_n of_o such_o great_a opposition_n he_o retire_v to_o the_o mountain_n call_v cefn_n rester_fw-fr and_o there_o encamp_v be_v sufficient_o secure_a from_o any_o enemy_n by_o the_o natural_a fortification_n of_o the_o place_n the_o confederate_a army_n lie_v at_o dynwylhîr_n and_o there_o build_v a_o castle_n but_o find_v no_o news_n or_o tiding_n of_o prince_n rhys_n they_o return_v home_o without_o effect_v any_o thing_n of_o note_n king_n henry_n be_v still_o in_o normandy_n and_o there_o make_v war_n against_o the_o earl_n of_o st._n giles_n for_o the_o city_n and_o earldom_n of_o tholouse_n towards_o the_o beginning_n of_o this_o year_n madoc_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n prince_n of_o powis_n die_v at_o winchester_n whence_o his_o body_n be_v honourable_o convey_v to_o powis_n and_o bury_v at_o myfod_n he_o be_v a_o prince_n very_o much_o affect_v to_o piety_n and_o religion_n very_o charitable_a to_o the_o necessitous_a and_o good_a to_o the_o distress_a but_o his_o great_a fault_n be_v that_o he_o stickle_v too_o hard_o for_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o english_a and_o be_v always_o in_o confederacy_n with_o king_n henry_n against_o the_o good_a success_n of_o his_o native_a country_n he_o have_v issue_n by_o his_o wife_n susanna_n the_o daughter_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n three_o son_n gruffydh_n maylor_n owen_n and_o elis_n and_o a_o daughter_n name_v mar_v he_o have_v also_o three_o natural_a son_n owen_n brogynton_n cynwric_n efelh_n and_o eineon_n efelh_n who_o though_o base_a bear_v yet_o according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o wales_n co-inherited_n with_o their_o brethren_n who_o be_v legitimate_a and_o here_o it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o once_o for_o all_o to_o give_v a_o particular_a account_n of_o the_o principality_n afterward_o the_o lordship_n of_o powis_n how_o it_o come_v to_o be_v divide_v into_o many_o share_n and_o portion_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n become_v so_o irrecoverable_o break_v and_o weaken_v that_o it_o be_v make_v subject_a to_o the_o norman_n before_o the_o rest_n of_o wales_n for_o powis_n before_o king_n offa_n time_n reach_v eastward_o to_o the_o river_n of_o severn_n and_o dee_n in_o a_o right_a line_n from_o the_o end_n of_o broxen_n hill_n to_o salop_n and_o comprehend_v all_o the_o country_n between_o the_o wye_n and_o severn_n which_o be_v ancient_o the_o estate_n of_o brochwel_n yscithroc_n of_o who_o mention_n be_v make_v before_o but_o after_o the_o make_n of_o offa_n dike_n powis_n be_v contract_v into_o a_o narrow_a compass_n the_o plain_a country_n towards_o salop_n be_v inhabit_v by_o saxon_n and_o norman_n so_o that_o the_o length_n of_o it_o reach_v north-east_n from_o pulford-bridge_n to_o lhangiric-parish_n on_o the_o confine_n of_o cardiganshire_n to_o the_o south-west_n and_o the_o breadth_n from_o the_o far_a part_n of_o cyfeilioc_n westward_n to_o elsmere_n on_o the_o east-side_n this_o principality_n roderic_n the_o great_a give_v to_o his_o young_a son_n merfyn_n in_o who_o posterity_n it_o remain_v entire_a till_o the_o death_n of_o blethyn_n ap_fw-mi confyn_n who_o though_o he_o have_v divide_v it_o betwixt_o his_o son_n meredith_n and_o cadwgan_n yet_o it_o come_v again_o whole_a and_o entire_a to_o the_o possession_n of_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n but_o he_o again_o break_v the_o union_n and_o leave_v it_o between_o his_o two_o son_n madawe_n and_o gruffydh_n the_o first_o of_o which_o be_v marry_v to_o susanna_n the_o daughter_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n and_o have_v with_o she_o that_o part_n afterward_o call_v by_o his_o name_n powis_n fadoc_n after_o his_o death_n this_o lordship_n be_v divide_v also_o betwixt_o his_o son_n gruffydh_n maelor_n owen_n ap_fw-mi madawc_n and_o owen_n brogynton_n which_o last_o though_o base_o bear_v have_v however_o for_o his_o incomparable_a valour_n and_o courage_n a_o share_n of_o his_o father_n estate_n namely_o
as_o much_o as_o in_o he_o lay_v oppose_v send_v he_o to_o the_o king_n officer_n to_o be_v imprison_v at_o winchester_n from_o whence_o he_o quick_o find_v a_o way_n to_o escape_v and_o by_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o brethren_n he_o return_v home_o to_o his_o country_n king_n henry_n continue_v all_o this_o while_n in_o normandy_n and_o during_o his_o stay_n there_o a_o match_n be_v conclude_v upon_o betwixt_o his_o son_n henry_n and_o margaret_n daughter_n to_o lewis_n king_n of_o france_n but_o this_o new_a alliance_n can_v not_o prevent_v these_o two_o monarch_n from_o a.d._n 1160_o fall_v at_o variance_n with_o each_o other_o which_o happen_v the_o year_n follow_v and_o thereupon_o king_n henry_n march_v with_o his_o army_n to_o gascoigne_n to_o quell_v certain_a rebel_n who_o upon_o first_o notice_n of_o this_o breach_n between_o both_o king_n be_v up_o in_o arm_n against_o the_o english_a but_o the_o next_o year_n a_o peace_n be_v again_o conclude_v and_o so_o all_o thing_n return_v to_o their_o former_a state_n of_o a.d._n 1161_o amity_n and_o quietness_n but_o it_o be_v not_o so_o in_o wales_n for_o howel_n the_o son_n of_o jevaf_n ap_fw-mi cadwgan_n ap_fw-mi athlestlan_n glodryth_n have_v get_v to_o his_o hand_n the_o castle_n of_o walwern_n in_o cyfeilioc_n raze_v it_o to_o the_o ground_n which_o so_o incense_v prince_n owen_n who_o be_v owner_n of_o it_o that_o nothing_o can_v lay_v his_o fury_n till_o he_o have_v draw_v his_o force_n together_o and_o make_v a_o incursion_n into_o lhandhinam_n in_o arust_o howel_n country_n which_o he_o cruel_o harrass_v and_o carry_v away_o considerable_a booty_n the_o people_n of_o the_o country_n perceive_v these_o devastation_n of_o the_o north-wales_n man_n come_v together_o to_o the_o number_n of_o 300_o man_n offer_v their_o service_n to_o their_o natural_a lord_n howel_n ap_fw-mi jefaf_fw-mi who_o upon_o this_o addition_n of_o strength_n follow_v the_o enemy_n to_o the_o bank_n of_o severn_n where_o they_o be_v encamp_v prince_n owen_n find_v they_o to_o march_v after_o he_o be_v glad_a of_o the_o opportunity_n to_o be_v further_o revenge_v upon_o howel_n and_o so_o turn_v sudden_o upon_o they_o he_o slay_v about_o two_o hundred_o man_n the_o rest_n narrow_o escape_v with_o howel_n to_o the_o wood_n and_o rock_n owen_n be_v more_o joyful_a for_o the_o revenge_n he_o have_v take_v of_o howel_n than_o for_o any_o victory_n he_o have_v gain_v rebuilt_a walwern_n castle_n and_o have_v well_o fortify_v and_o man_v it_o return_v home_o to_o north-wales_n a.d._n 1162_o the_o year_n follow_v the_o like_a thing_n happen_v owen_n the_o son_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi meredith_n common_o call_v owen_n cyfeilioc_n o_o wynedh_n together_o with_o owen_n ap_fw-mi madawc_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n and_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi howel_n set_v upon_o carrechofa_n castle_n near_o oswestry_n and_o have_v overpower_a the_o garrison_n commit_v great_a waste_n and_o destruction_n therein_o but_o about_o the_o same_o time_n a_o pleasant_a passage_n happen_v in_o england_n robert_n mountford_n and_o henry_n de_fw-fr essex_n who_o have_v both_o fight_v against_o the_o welsh_a upon_o the_o march_n and_o both_o run_v begin_v now_o to_o impeach_v each_o other_o as_o be_v the_o first_o occasion_n of_o fly_v the_o dispute_n be_v to_o be_v try_v by_o combat_n in_o which_o be_v engage_v henry_n be_v overcome_v and_o for_o his_o false_a accuse_v of_o robert_n he_o be_v sentence_v to_o have_v his_o estate_n forfeit_v and_o then_o have_v his_o crown_n shear_v he_o be_v enter_v a_o monk_n at_o redding_n within_o a_o little_a after_o king_n henry_n calling_z to_o mind_n what_o prince_n rhys_n have_v commit_v during_o his_o absence_n out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n draw_v up_o a_o great_a army_n against_o south-wales_n and_o have_v march_v as_o far_o as_o pencadyr_n near_o brecknock_n rhys_n meet_v he_o and_o do_v his_o homage_n and_o have_v deliver_v up_o hostage_n for_o his_o future_a behaviour_n stop_v the_o king_n far_a progress_n so_o that_o thence_o he_o return_v to_o england_n but_o after_o the_o king_n departure_n two_o very_a unlucky_a accident_n happen_v in_o wales_n eineon_n the_o son_n of_o anarawd_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi nephew_n to_o prince_n rhys_n be_v villainous_o murder_v in_o his_o bed_n by_o his_o own_o servant_n called_z walter_z ap_fw-mi lhywarch_n as_o also_o cadwgan_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n in_o like_a manner_n by_o one_o walter_z ap_fw-mi riccart_n but_o the_o loss_n of_o his_o nephew_n prince_n rhys_n make_v up_o by_o possess_v himself_o of_o that_o large_a country_n call_v cantref_o maâ—r_a and_o the_o land_n of_o dynefowr_n which_o he_o afterward_o enjoy_v of_o man_n of_o learning_n there_o die_v this_o year_n cadifor_n ap_fw-mi daniel_n archdeacon_n of_o cardigan_n and_o henry_n ap_fw-mi arthen_n the_o great_a scholar_n that_o have_v flourish_v in_o wales_n for_o many_o year_n the_o next_o year_n a_o total_a rupture_n break_v forth_o betwixt_o a.d._n 1163_o the_o english_a and_o welsh_a prince_n rhys_n a_o man_n of_o a_o active_a and_o uncontrollable_a spirit_n be_v now_o experimental_o sensible_a he_o can_v never_o carry_v on_o the_o greatness_n and_o grandeur_n of_o his_o quality_n with_o such_o land_n as_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v allot_v he_o make_v a_o invasion_n into_o the_o lordship_n of_o roger_n de_fw-fr acre_n earl_n of_o gloucester_n be_v move_v thereto_o in_o a_o great_a measure_n by_o reason_n that_o his_o nephew_n anarawd_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi be_v murder_v by_o his_o motive_n and_o instigation_n be_v advance_v with_o a_o strong_a army_n into_o the_o earl_n of_o glocester_n estate_n without_o any_o great_a opposition_n he_o take_v aberheidol_n castle_n with_o those_o belong_v to_o the_o son_n of_o wyhyaon_n all_o which_o he_o raze_v to_o the_o ground_n thence_o he_o march_v to_o cardigan_n bring_v all_o that_o country_n under_o his_o subjection_n and_o from_o thence_o he_o march_v against_o the_o fleming_n who_o country_n he_o cruel_o harass_v with_o fire_n and_o sword_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o wales_n perceive_v prince_n rhys_n to_o prosper_v so_o successful_o against_o the_o english_a think_v they_o may_v equal_o succeed_v and_o shake_v off_o the_o english_a yoke_n which_o so_o unreasonable_o oppress_v they_o and_o therefore_o they_o unanimous_o agree_v to_o cast_v off_o their_o subjection_n to_o the_o english_a who_o tyranny_n they_o can_v no_o long_o bear_v and_o to_o put_v over_o they_o prince_n of_o their_o own_o nation_n who_o superiority_n they_o can_v better_o tolerate_v and_o so_o this_o year_n conclude_v with_o make_v suitable_a preparation_n for_o the_o follow_a campaign_n a.d._n 1164_o and_o therefore_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o time_n of_o year_n for_o action_n be_v advance_v david_n son_n of_o owen_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n fall_v upon_o flintshire_n which_o pertain_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o carry_v off_o all_o the_o people_n and_o cattle_n with_o he_o bring_v they_o to_o dyffryn_n clwyd_n otherwise_o ruthyn_n land_n king_n henry_n understand_v this_o gather_v together_o his_o force_n and_o with_o all_o speed_n march_v to_o defend_v both_o his_o subject_n and_o town_n from_o the_o incursion_n and_o depredation_n of_o the_o welsh_a be_v come_v to_o ruthlan_n and_o encamp_v there_o three_o day_n he_o quick_o perceive_v he_o can_v do_v no_o great_a matter_n by_o reason_n that_o his_o army_n be_v not_o sufficient_o numerous_a and_o therefore_o he_o think_v it_o more_o advisable_a to_o return_v back_o to_o england_n and_o to_o augment_v his_o force_n before_o he_o shall_v attempt_v any_o thing_n against_o the_o welsh_a and_o according_o he_o levy_v the_o most_o choose_a man_n throughout_o all_o his_o dominion_n of_o england_n normandy_n anjou_n gascoin_n and_o gwien_n beside_o those_o succour_n from_o flanders_n and_o britain_n and_o then_o set_v forward_o for_o north-wales_n purpose_v to_o destroy_v without_o mercy_n every_o live_a thing_n he_o can_v possible_o meet_v with_o and_o be_v advance_v as_o far_o as_o croes-oswalt_n call_v oswestry_n he_o encamp_v there_o on_o the_o other_o side_n prince_z owen_z and_o his_o brother_n cadwallader_n with_o all_o the_o strength_n of_o north-wales_n prince_n rhys_n with_o those_o of_o south-wales_n owen_n cyfeilioc_n and_o madawc_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n with_o all_o the_o power_n of_o powy_n the_o two_o son_n of_o madawc_n ap_fw-mi ednerth_n with_o the_o people_n live_v betwixt_o the_o river_n of_o severn_n and_o wye_n meet_v together_o and_o pitch_v their_o camp_n at_o corwen_n in_o edeyrneon_n intend_v unanimous_o to_o defend_v their_o country_n against_o the_o king_n of_o england_n king_n henry_n understanding_n that_o they_o be_v so_o near_o be_v very_o desirous_a to_o come_v to_o battle_n and_o to_o that_o end_n he_o remove_v to_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n ceireoc_n cause_v all_o the_o wood_n thereabouts_o to_o be_v cut_v down_o for_o fear_v of_o
any_o ambushment_n lurk_v therein_o and_o for_o a_o more_o clear_a prospect_n of_o the_o enemy_n but_o some_o of_o the_o welsh_a take_v advantage_n of_o this_o opportunity_n who_o be_v well_o acquaint_v with_o the_o passage_n without_o the_o knowledge_n of_o their_o officer_n fall_v upon_o the_o king_n guard_n where_o all_o the_o pike-man_n be_v post_v and_o after_o a_o hot_a skirmish_n several_z be_v slay_v on_o both_o side_n but_o in_o fine_a the_o king_n win_v the_o passage_n and_o so_o march_v on_o to_o the_o mountain_n of_o berwyn_n where_o he_o lie_v sometime_o without_o any_o hostility_n on_o either_o side_n both_o army_n stand_v in_o fear_n of_o each_o other_o the_o english_a keep_v the_o open_a plain_n and_o be_v afraid_a to_o be_v entrap_v in_o the_o strait_n and_o narrow_a passage_n and_o the_o welsh_a on_o the_o other_o hand_n watch_v the_o advantage_n of_o the_o place_n and_o observe_v the_o english_a so_o narrow_o that_o neither_o forage_v or_o victual_n can_v pass_v to_o the_o king_n camp_n and_o what_o augment_v the_o misery_n of_o the_o english_a army_n there_o happen_v to_o fall_v such_o a_o rain_n that_o mighty_o disturb_v their_o encampment_n in_o so_o much_o that_o the_o soldier_n can_v scarce_o stand_v for_o the_o disadvantage_n of_o those_o slippery_a hill_n but_o in_o the_o end_n king_n henry_n be_v force_v to_o decamp_v and_o after_o a_o very_a considerable_a loss_n of_o man_n and_o ammunition_n beside_o the_o great_a charge_n of_o this_o expedition_n be_v compel_v to_o return_v back_o to_o england_n but_o to_o express_v the_o great_a dissatisfaction_n he_o entertain_v of_o this_o enterprise_n in_o a_o great_a fury_n he_o pluck_v out_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o hostage_n which_o he_o have_v some_o time_n afore_o receive_v from_o the_o welsh_a which_o be_v rhys_n and_o cadwalhon_n the_o son_n of_o owen_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n and_o cynric_n and_o meredith_n the_o son_n of_o rhys_n of_o south-wales_n some_o write_v that_o in_o assail_a of_o a_o bridge_n the_o king_n be_v in_o no_o small_a danger_n of_o his_o life_n one_o of_o the_o welsh_a have_v aim_v direct_o at_o he_o be_v like_a to_o pierce_v he_o through_o the_o body_n have_v not_o hubert_n de_fw-fr clare_n constable_n of_o colchester_n who_o perceive_v the_o arrow_n a_o come_n thrust_v himself_o betwixt_o the_o king_n and_o it_o though_o to_o the_o loss_n of_o his_o own_o life_n but_o though_o king_n henry_n be_v shameful_o force_v to_o return_v to_o england_n yet_o he_o do_v not_o give_v over_o the_o thought_n of_o subdue_a the_o welsh_a and_o therefore_o after_o a_o long_a consultation_n he_o make_v a_o three_o expedition_n into_o wales_n convey_v his_o army_n by_o sea_n as_o far_o as_o chester_n there_o he_o stay_v for_o some_o time_n till_o all_o his_o fleet_n as_o well_o those_o ship_n that_o he_o have_v hire_v out_o of_o ireland_n as_o his_o own_o be_v all_o arrive_v but_o when_o they_o be_v all_o come_v together_o and_o get_v safe_o to_o chester_n his_o mind_n be_v alter_v and_o instead_o of_o a_o design_n against_o wales_n he_o unexpected_o dismiss_v his_o whole_a army_n prince_n rhys_n be_v glad_a of_o this_o opportunity_n and_o therefore_o withdraw_a his_o force_n from_o the_o confederate_a army_n he_o march_v to_o the_o siege_n of_o aberteifi_n castle_n which_o be_v surrender_v to_o he_o he_o raze_v to_o the_o ground_n from_o thence_o he_o get_v before_o cilgerran_n which_o he_o use_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n and_o therein_o take_v prisoner_n robert_n the_o son_n of_o stephen_n his_o cousin-german_a who_o be_v the_o son_n of_o nest_n his_o aunt_n who_o after_o the_o death_n of_o gerald_n have_v marry_v stephen_n constable_n the_o joy_n of_o these_o happy_a success_n on_o the_o part_n of_o the_o welsh_a be_v somewhat_o cloud_v by_o the_o death_n of_o lhewelyn_n son_n of_o owen_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n a_o person_n of_o great_a worth_n and_o exceed_o well_o belove_v of_o all_o his_o country_n a.d._n 1165_o and_o now_o the_o welsh_a be_v something_o secure_a from_o any_o invasion_n from_o the_o english_a there_o rise_v up_o another_o enemy_n to_o create_v they_o disturbance_n the_o fleming_n and_o norman_n find_v the_o english_a to_o fail_v in_o their_o attempt_n against_o the_o welsh_a think_v they_o may_v with_o better_a success_n quell_v and_o subdue_v they_o and_o therefore_o they_o come_v to_o west-wales_n with_o a_o great_a army_n and_o lay_v siege_n to_o the_o castle_n of_o cilgerran_n which_o rhys_n have_v late_o fortify_v but_o after_o two_o different_a assault_n they_o be_v manful_o beat_v back_o and_o force_v to_o depart_v home_o again_o but_o what_o the_o fleming_n can_v not_o effect_v against_o the_o welsh_a in_o south-wales_n the_o welsh_a easy_o bring_v about_o against_o the_o english_a in_o north-wales_n for_o prince_n owen_n have_v besiege_v basingwerk_n castle_n then_o in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n without_o much_o time_n spend_v make_v himself_o master_n of_o it_o but_o it_o be_v always_o the_o misfortune_n of_o the_o welsh_a that_o when_o they_o find_v themselves_o secure_a from_o any_o enemy_n abroad_o they_o be_v sure_a to_o quarrel_v and_o fall_v out_o at_o home_n though_o indeed_o it_o can_v not_o be_v well_o otherwise_o expect_v where_o so_o many_o petty_a state_n endeavour_v still_o to_o surmount_v and_o outvie_v one_o another_o and_o now_o when_o all_o thing_n go_v very_o successful_o of_o their_o side_n in_o opposition_n to_o the_o english_a two_o ambitious_a person_n begin_v to_o kindle_v a_o flame_n in_o their_o own_o bosom_n owen_n cyfeilioc_n the_o son_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi maredith_n lord_n of_o powy_n and_o owen_n fychan_n second_o son_n to_o madawc_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n forcible_o dispossess_v jorwerth_n goch_n of_o his_o estate_n in_o powy_n which_o they_o divide_v betwixt_o themselves_o mochnant_n vwch_v rayadr_n to_o owen_n cyfeilioc_n and_o mochnant_n be_v rayadr_n to_o owen_n fychan_n but_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n can_v not_o brook_v this_o injury_n do_v to_o jorwerth_n goch_n and_o therefore_o a.d._n 1166_o owen_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n with_o his_o brother_n cadwallader_n and_o rhys_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n go_v with_o a_o army_n into_o powy_n against_o owen_n cyfeilioc_n and_o have_v chase_v he_o out_o of_o the_o country_n they_o bestow_v caereneon_n upon_o owen_n fychan_n to_o hold_v it_o of_o prince_n owen_n and_o rhys_n have_v walwern_n by_o reason_n that_o it_o lay_v near_o his_o own_o territory_n but_o within_o a_o while_n after_o owen_n cyfeilioc_n return_v with_o a_o numerous_a band_n of_o norman_n and_o english_a along_o with_o he_o and_o lay_v siege_n to_o the_o castle_n of_o caereneon_n which_o he_o burn_v to_o the_o ground_n but_o the_o loss_n of_o this_o place_n be_v make_v up_o by_o the_o take_n of_o ruthlan_n castle_n which_o owen_n rhys_n and_o cadwallader_n joint_o besiege_v and_o which_o be_v so_o strong_o fortify_v and_o so_o manful_o defend_v that_o it_o cost_v they_o three_o month_n before_o they_o can_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o the_o place_n afterward_o they_o win_v the_o castle_n of_o prestatyn_n and_o reduce_v the_o whole_a country_n of_o tegengl_n subject_n to_o prince_n owen_n and_o then_o return_v home_o to_o their_o respective_a dominion_n and_o from_o henceforward_o nothing_o of_o moment_n be_v transact_v during_o the_o remainder_n of_o prince_n owen_n reign_n a.d._n 1167_o only_a his_o son_n conan_n most_o unmerciful_o slay_v vrgeney_n abbot_n of_o lhwythlawr_n together_o with_o his_o nephew_n lhawthen_n but_o a_o little_a after_o prince_n rhys_n of_o south-wales_n a.d._n 1168_o release_v out_o of_o prison_n his_o nephew_n robert_n son_n to_o stephen_n constable_n who_o as_o be_v say_v before_o he_o have_v take_v at_o the_o siege_n of_o calgarran_n castle_n and_o send_v he_o to_o ireland_n to_o the_o aid_n of_o dermot_n the_o son_n of_o murchart_n king_n of_o linster_n who_o be_v then_o in_o actual_a war_n with_o the_o king_n of_o leimster_n with_o he_o and_o his_o brother_n morris_n fitz-gerald_n and_o their_o nephew_n robert_n meyler_n and_o raymond_n go_v over_o a_o strong_a detachment_n of_o welshman_n under_o the_o command_n of_o richard_n strongbow_n earl_n of_o strigule_n who_o be_v the_o chief_a motive_n of_o the_o conquest_n of_o ireland_n when_o it_o be_v first_o bring_v in_o subjection_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n a.d._n 1169_o but_o the_o next_o year_n owen_n gwynedh_n son_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n depart_v this_o life_n in_o the_o two_o and_o thirty_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n he_o be_v a_o wise_a and_o a_o valorous_a prince_n ever_o fortunate_a and_o victorious_a in_o all_o his_o undertake_n insomuch_o as_o he_o never_o undertake_v any_o design_n but_o what_o he_o accomplish_v he_o have_v by_o different_a woman_n several_a issue_n who_o get_v themselves_o great_a esteem_n
to_o the_o king_n hand_n the_o city_n of_o dublyn_n the_o town_n of_o waterford_n with_o all_o such_o town_n and_o castle_n as_o he_o get_v in_o right_n of_o his_o wife_n whereupon_o the_o king_n restore_v to_o he_o all_o his_o land_n both_o in_o england_n and_o normandy_n and_o create_v he_o lord_n steward_n of_o ireland_n for_o this_o earl_n of_o strigule_n have_v late_o without_o the_o king_n permission_n go_v over_o to_o ireland_n and_o have_v marry_v the_o daughter_n of_o dermott_n king_n of_o dublyn_n which_o king_n henry_n take_v in_o such_o a_o indignation_n that_o he_o present_o seize_v upon_o all_o his_o land_n in_o england_n and_o normandy_n therefore_o the_o king_n have_v now_o some_o foot_n in_o ireland_n the_o expedition_n be_v unanimous_o conclude_v upon_o and_o so_o the_o king_n set_v upon_o his_o journey_n and_o come_v towards_o wales_n he_o be_v receive_v by_o prince_n rhys_n who_o submission_n the_o king_n like_v so_o well_o that_o he_o present_o confirm_v to_o he_o all_o his_o land_n in_o south-wales_n to_o return_v the_o king_n favour_n rhys_n promise_v his_o majesty_n 300_o horse_n and_o 4000_o ox_n towards_o the_o conquest_n of_o ireland_n for_o the_o sure_a payment_n of_o which_o he_o deliver_v fourteen_o pledge_n then_z king_n henry_n marching_z forward_z come_v to_o caeriheon_n upon_o vske_n and_o enter_v the_o town_n he_o dispossess_v the_o right_a owner_n jorwerth_n ap_fw-mi owen_n ap_fw-mi caradoc_n and_o keep_v it_o for_o his_o own_o proper_a use_n place_v a_o garrison_n of_o his_o own_o man_n therein_o but_o jorwerth_n be_v not_o so_o easie-mouthed_a as_o to_o be_v so_o unreasonable_o curb_v by_o the_o king_n and_o therefore_o depart_v in_o a_o great_a fury_n from_o the_o king_n presence_n he_o call_v to_o he_o his_o two_o son_n owen_n and_o howel_n who_o he_o have_v by_o angharad_n the_o daughter_n of_o vchtryd_v bishop_n of_o llandaf_n and_o his_o sister_n son_n morgan_n ap_fw-mi sitsylht_fw-mi ap_fw-mi dyfnwal_n and_o bring_v together_o all_o the_o force_n they_o be_v able_a upon_o the_o king_n departure_n they_o enter_v the_o country_n and_o commit_v all_o the_o waste_n and_o destruction_n as_o they_o come_v along_o they_o at_o last_o come_v before_o caerlheon_n which_o when_o they_o take_v they_o use_v in_o the_o like_a manner_n spoil_v and_o destroy_v whatever_o they_o can_v meet_v with_o so_o that_o nothing_o escape_v their_o fury_n except_v the_o castle_n which_o they_o can_v not_o win_v the_o king_n be_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n upon_o his_o journey_n to_o pembroke_n where_o be_v accompany_v by_o prince_n rhys_n he_o give_v he_o a_o grant_n of_o all_o cardigan_n ystratywy_n arust_o and_o eluel_n in_o recompense_n of_o all_o the_o civility_n and_o honour_n he_o pay_v he_o and_o so_o rhys_n return_v to_o aberteifi_n a_o town_n he_o have_v late_o win_v from_o the_o earl_n of_o gloucester_n and_o there_o have_v prepare_v his_o present_n about_o the_o begin_n of_o october_n he_o return_v again_o to_o 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feast_n of_o s._n luke_n the_o king_n go_v on_o board_n and_o the_o wind_n blow_v very_o favourable_o set_v sail_n for_o ireland_n and_o be_v safe_o arrive_v upon_o those_o coast_n he_o land_v at_o dublyn_n where_o he_o rest_v for_o that_o whole_a winter_n in_o order_n to_o make_v great_a preparation_n against_o the_o follow_a campaign_n but_o the_o change_n of_o the_o air_n and_o climate_n occasion_v such_o a_o rage_a distemper_n and_o infection_n among_o the_o soldier_n that_o to_o prevent_v the_o perish_a of_o his_o whole_a army_n a.d._n 1172_o the_o king_n be_v force_v to_o return_v with_o what_o speed_n he_o can_v back_o for_o england_n and_o so_o have_v ship_v off_o all_o his_o army_n and_o effect_n he_o loose_v anchor_n and_o land_v in_o wales_n in_o the_o passion_n week_n next_o year_n and_o come_v to_o pembrock_n he_o stay_v there_o on_o easter-day_n and_o then_o proceed_v upon_o his_o journey_n towards_o england_n rhys_n hear_v of_o the_o king_n return_n be_v very_o officious_a to_o pay_v he_o his_o devotion_n and_o will_v glad_o feign_v to_o be_v one_o of_o the_o first_o who_o shall_v welcome_v he_o over_o and_o so_o meet_v with_o he_o at_o talacharn_n he_o express_v all_o the_o ceremony_n of_o duty_n and_o allegiance_n then_o the_o king_n pass_v on_o and_o as_o he_o come_v from_o caerdyf_n by_o the_o new_a castle_n upon_o vsk_n mean_v to_o leave_n wales_n in_o a_o peaceable_a condition_n he_o send_v for_o jorwerth_n ap_fw-mi owen_n ap_fw-mi caradoc_n who_o be_v the_o only_a person_n in_o open_a enmity_n against_o he_o and_o that_o upon_o very_o just_a ground_n will_v he_o to_o come_v and_o treat_v about_o a_o peace_n and_o assure_v he_o of_o a_o safe_a conduct_n for_o himself_o his_o son_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o associate_n jorwerth_n be_v willing_a to_o accept_v of_o the_o proposal_n and_o thereupon_o set_v forward_o to_o meet_v the_o king_n have_v send_v a_o express_a to_o his_o son_n owen_n a_o valorous_a young_a gentleman_n to_o meet_v he_o by_o the_o way_n owen_n according_a to_o his_o father_n order_n set_v forward_o on_o his_o journey_n with_o a_o small_a retinue_n without_o any_o thing_n of_o arm_n or_o weapon_n of_o war_n as_o think_v it_o folly_n to_o clog_v himself_o with_o such_o needless_a carriage_n when_o the_o king_n have_v promise_v a_o safe_a conduct_n but_o he_o do_v not_o find_v it_o so_o safe_a for_o as_o he_o pass_v the_o new_a castle_n upon_o vske_n the_o earl_n of_o bristol_n man_n who_o be_v garrison_v therein_o lay_v in_o wait_n for_o he_o as_o he_o come_v along_o and_o set_v cowardly_a upon_o he_o slay_v he_o with_o most_o of_o his_o company_n but_o some_o few_o escape_v to_o acquaint_v his_o father_n jorwerth_n of_o such_o a_o treacherous_a action_n who_o hear_v that_o his_o son_n be_v so_o base_o murder_v contrary_a to_o the_o king_n be_v absolute_a promise_n of_o a_o safe_a passage_n without_o any_o far_a consultation_n about_o the_o matter_n present_o return_v home_o with_o howel_n his_o son_n and_o all_o his_o friend_n and_o will_v no_o long_o put_v any_o trust_n or_o confidence_n in_o any_o thing_n that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n or_o any_o of_o his_o subject_n promise_v to_o do_v but_o on_o the_o other_o side_n to_o avenge_v the_o death_n of_o his_o son_n who_o be_v so_o cowardly_o cut_v off_o he_o present_o raise_v all_o the_o force_n that_o himself_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o friend_n be_v able_a to_o do_v and_o so_o enter_v into_o england_n he_o destroy_v with_o fire_n and_o sword_n all_o the_o country_n to_o the_o gate_n of_o hereford_n and_o gloucester_n but_o the_o king_n be_v so_o intent_n upon_o his_o return_n that_o he_o seem_v to_o take_v no_o great_a notice_n of_o what_o jorwerth_n be_v do_v and_o therefore_o have_v by_o commission_n constitute_v lord_n rhys_n chief_a justice_n of_o all_o south-wales_n he_o forthwith_o take_v his_o journey_n to_o normandy_n about_o this_o time_n die_v cadwallader_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi the_o son_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n sometime_o prince_n of_o north-wales_n who_o by_o his_o wife_n alice_z the_o daughter_n of_o richard_n clare_n earl_n of_o gloucester_n have_v issue_n cunetha_n radulph_n and_o richard_n and_o by_o other_o woman_n cadfan_n cadwallader_n eineon_n meredith_n goch_n and_o cadwalhon_n towards_o the_o end_n of_o this_o year_n sitsylht_fw-mi ap_fw-mi dyfnwal_n and_o jefan_n ap_fw-mi sitsylht_fw-mi ap_fw-mi riryd_n surprise_v the_o castle_n of_o abergavenny_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o have_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o it_o they_o take_v the_o whole_a garrison_n prisoner_n a.d._n 1173_o but_o the_o follow_a year_n there_o happen_v a_o very_a great_a difference_n and_o a_o fall_v out_o betwixt_o king_n henry_n and_o his_o son_n of_o the_o same_o name_n this_o latter_a be_v uphold_v by_o
companion_n and_o slay_v they_o to_o a_o man._n king_n henry_n be_v implacable_o enrage_v at_o this_o news_n and_o so_o cruel_o incense_v that_o he_o present_o raise_v and_o draw_v together_o all_o his_o power_n and_o come_v to_o worcester_n intend_v to_o march_v forward_o to_o wales_n and_o to_o invade_v the_o enemy_n country_n but_o the_o lord_n rhys_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi a_o subtle_a and_o a_o politic_a prince_n think_v it_o impossible_a to_o withstand_v the_o english_a army_n and_o fear_v the_o king_n puissance_n which_o he_o perceive_v to_o be_v so_o implacable_o bend_v against_o the_o welsh_a go_v in_o person_n to_o worcester_n and_o swear_v fealty_n to_o the_o king_n become_v his_o perpetual_a liegeman_n and_o for_o the_o due_a observance_n of_o this_o contract_n he_o promise_v to_o send_v his_o son_n and_o nephew_n for_o pledge_n but_o when_o he_o will_v have_v persuade_v they_o to_o answer_v his_o request_n the_o young_a man_n consider_v with_o themselves_o how_o former_a pledge_n have_v not_o be_v very_o genteely_a treat_v by_o the_o english_a refuse_v to_o go_v and_o so_o the_o whole_a matter_n rest_v for_o that_o time_n what_o become_v of_o the_o matter_n afterward_o we_o know_v not_o but_o probable_a it_o be_v that_o king_n henry_n return_v to_o england_n satisfy_v with_o rhy_n submission_n for_o we_o hear_v no_o more_o of_o his_o come_n to_o wales_n and_o so_o the_o country_n remain_v quiet_a and_o undisturbed_a for_o a_o long_a time_n till_o at_o length_n the_o welsh_a begin_v to_o fall_v to_o their_o wont_a method_n of_o kill_v and_o murder_v one_o another_o a.d._n 1186_o cadwallader_n prince_n rhy_n son_n be_v private_o murder_v in_o west-wales_n and_o bury_v in_o the_o tie_v gwyn_n and_o the_o year_n follow_v owen_n fychan_n the_o son_n of_o madawe_n a.d._n 1187_o ap_fw-mi meredith_n be_v slay_v by_o night_n in_o the_o castle_n of_o carrergova_n near_o oswestry_n by_o gwenwynwyn_n and_o cadwalhon_n the_o son_n of_o owen_n cyfeilioc_n but_o what_o be_v most_o unnatural_a of_o all_o lhewelyn_n who_o father_n cadwalhon_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n be_v late_o murder_v by_o the_o englishman_n be_v take_v by_o his_o own_o brother_n who_o very_o barbarous_o put_v out_o his_o eye_n about_o the_o same_o time_n baldwyn_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n be_v attend_v by_o giraldus_n cambrensis_fw-la take_v a_o progress_n into_o wales_n be_v the_o first_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n that_o visit_v that_o country_n who_o authority_n the_o clergy_n of_o wales_n in_o vain_a oppose_v though_o they_o stiff_o allege_v the_o liberty_n and_o privilege_n of_o their_o metropolitan_a church_n of_o s._n david_n in_o this_o visitation_n describe_v by_o giraldus_n in_o his_o itinerarium_fw-la cambriae_fw-la he_o persuade_v many_o of_o the_o nobility_n of_o wales_n to_o go_v to_o the_o holy_a land_n against_o those_o prevail_a enemy_n of_o christianity_n the_o saracen_n to_o who_o prevail_a greatness_n jerusalem_n itself_o be_v now_o in_o great_a danger_n a.d._n 1188_o to_o become_v subject_a the_o archbishop_n have_v leave_v the_o country_n maelgon_n the_o son_n of_o lord_n rhys_n bring_v all_o his_o power_n against_o tenbigh_n and_o have_v by_o force_n make_v himself_o master_n of_o it_o burn_v the_o whole_a town_n to_o the_o ground_n and_o so_o carry_v away_o very_o considerable_a spoil_n he_o be_v a_o person_n of_o such_o civil_a behaviour_n and_o easy_a access_n of_o so_o comely_a personage_n and_o honesty_n in_o all_o his_o action_n that_o he_o attract_v the_o most_o earnest_a love_n and_o affection_n of_o all_o his_o friend_n by_o which_o mean_n he_o become_v very_o terrible_a and_o formidable_a to_o his_o enemy_n especial_o the_o flemings_n of_o who_o he_o obtain_v divers_a victory_n and_o conquest_n the_o next_o year_n be_v the_o year_n of_o christ_n 1189._o a.d._n 1189_o henry_n the_o second_o surname_v courtmantel_n king_n of_o england_n die_v and_o be_v bury_v at_o fonteverard_n after_o who_o his_o son_n richard_n call_v curdelyon_n be_v by_o the_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o all_o the_o peer_n and_o nobility_n of_o england_n crown_v in_o his_o place_n prince_n rhys_n be_v thus_o deprive_v of_o his_o great_a friend_n think_v it_o his_o wise_a way_n to_o make_v the_o best_a provision_n he_o can_v for_o himself_o by_o enlarge_a his_o dominion_n and_o extend_v the_o bound_n of_o his_o present_a territory_n and_o therefore_o have_v raise_v all_o the_o strength_n he_o can_v he_o win_v the_o castle_n of_o seynclere_n abercorran_n and_o lhanstephan_n and_o have_v take_v and_o commit_v to_o prison_n maelgw_v his_o son_n who_o be_v the_o great_a thorn_n in_o his_o side_n as_o one_o that_o be_v most_o passionate_o belove_v by_o the_o south-wales_n man_n he_o bring_v the_o whole_a country_n to_o his_o subjection_n then_o he_o build_v the_o castle_n of_o cydwely_n but_o a.d._n 1190_o what_o take_v away_o from_o he_o the_o joy_n of_o all_o this_o good_a fortune_n he_o lose_v his_o daughter_n gwenlhian_n a_o woman_n of_o such_o incomparable_a beauty_n and_o exceed_v in_o all_o feminine_a qualification_n that_o she_o be_v account_v the_o fair_a and_o best_a accomplish_a lady_n in_o all_o the_o country_n and_o not_o long_o after_o she_o die_v gruffydh_n maylor_n lord_n of_o bromfield_n a.d._n 1191_o a_o man_n of_o great_a prudence_n and_o experience_n and_o one_o that_o excel_v all_o the_o nobility_n of_o his_o time_n in_o hospitality_n and_o all_o other_o act_n of_o generosity_n and_o liberality_n his_o corpse_n be_v carry_v to_o myfod_n and_o honourable_o inter_v there_o be_v attend_v by_o most_o of_o the_o person_n of_o quality_n throughout_o the_o whole_a country_n he_o have_v issue_n by_o his_o wife_n angharad_n daughter_n of_o owen_n gwynedh_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n a_o son_n call_v madawc_n who_o succeed_v his_o father_n in_o that_o part_n of_o powy_n call_v from_o he_o powy_n fadawc_n rhys_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n be_v grow_v very_o powerful_a and_o have_v make_v himself_o master_n of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o south-wales_n only_o with_o some_o few_o place_n more_o dynefowr_n hold_v out_o still_o which_o however_o upon_o the_o first_o assault_n he_o make_v against_o it_o be_v deliver_v up_o to_o he_o but_o as_o he_o increase_v 〈◊〉_d â—he_v number_n of_o town_n and_o castle_n he_o have_v the_o misfortune_n to_o have_v that_o of_o his_o child_n diminish_v for_o his_o daughter_n gwenlhian_n be_v late_o decease_v and_o now_o he_o have_v no_o soon_o get_v dynefowr_a castle_n into_o his_o possession_n but_o his_o son_n owen_n die_v at_o strata_n florida_n or_o ystratflur_v king_n richard_n be_v go_v to_o the_o holy_a land_n against_o the_o saracen_n but_o in_o his_o return_n to_o england_n he_o win_v the_o kingdom_n of_o cyprus_n and_o give_v it_o to_o gwido_n king_n of_o jerusalem_n upon_o condition_n he_o will_v resign_v his_o former_a title_n to_o he_o during_o his_o stay_n in_o this_o island_n he_o marry_v berengaria_n the_o daughter_n of_o the_o king_n of_o navarr_n a.d._n 1192_o maeâ—gon_n prince_n rhy_n son_n have_v be_v now_o detain_v a_o long_a time_n in_o prison_n where_o his_o father_n have_v shut_v he_o up_o but_o be_v at_o last_o utter_o weary_a of_o such_o a_o close_a confinement_n he_o find_v some_o mean_n or_o other_o to_o get_v out_o and_o to_o make_v his_o escape_n his_o father_n prince_n rhys_n be_v not_o so_o trouble_v at_o his_o be_v break_v out_o and_o that_o he_o have_v get_v his_o liberty_n as_o to_o give_v over_o the_o conquest_n which_o all_o this_o while_n he_o have_v go_v so_o furious_o on_o with_o but_o lay_v siege_n to_o lhanhayaden_a castle_n he_o take_v it_o without_o any_o great_a opposition_n and_o bring_v all_o the_o country_n about_o to_o his_o subjection_n and_o what_o favour_v he_o more_o in_o his_o attempt_n against_o the_o english_a king_n richard_z a.d._n 1193_o have_v most_o brave_o signalise_v himself_o against_o the_o infidel_n in_o his_o return_n home_o through_o austria_n be_v take_v prisoner_n by_o duke_n leopold_n who_o present_v he_o to_o the_o emperor_n henry_n who_o demand_v 200000_o mark_n for_o his_o ransom_n lay_v to_o his_o charge_n that_o he_o have_v spoil_v and_o plunder_v the_o island_n of_o sicily_n in_o his_o voyage_n to_o the_o holy_a land_n and_o as_o rhys_n take_v the_o advantage_n of_o king_n richard_n absence_n to_o subject_n south-wales_n so_o roderic_n brother_n to_o david_n prince_n of_o north_n wales_n make_v use_v of_o gothrike'_v the_o king_n of_o man_n help_n to_o get_v the_o principality_n of_o north-wales_n to_o himself_o and_o eject_v his_o brother_n and_o therefore_o enter_v into_o anglâ—sey_n he_o quick_o reduce_v the_o whole_a island_n to_o his_o subjection_n but_o he_o do_v not_o enjoy_v it_o long_o for_o before_o the_o year_n be_v over_o the_o son_n of_o his_o brother_n conan_n come_v with_o a_o army_n against_o he_o and_o force_v he_o together_o with_o the_o
ensue_a year_n prince_n rhys_n levy_v a_o great_a army_n who_o first_o attempt_n be_v upon_o the_o town_n and_o castle_n of_o caermadthyn_n both_o which_o he_o take_v in_o a_o short_a time_n and_o destroy_v and_o then_o return_v with_o considerable_a booty_n not_o long_o after_o he_o lead_v the_o say_a army_n to_o the_o march_n and_o invest_v the_o castle_n of_o clun_n which_o be_v not_o so_o easy_o take_v as_o the_o former_a for_o this_o cost_v he_o a_o long_a siege_n and_o many_o a_o fierce_a assault_n and_o therefore_o to_o be_v revenge_v of_o it_o when_o he_o take_v it_o he_o lay_v it_o in_o ash_n thence_o he_o proceed_v to_o the_o castle_n of_o radnor_n which_o he_o likewise_o wan_a but_o immediate_o after_o it_o cost_v he_o a_o bloody_a battle_n for_o he_o be_v no_o soon_o master_n of_o the_o castle_n but_o roger_n mortimer_n and_o hugh_n de_fw-fr say_n come_v with_o a_o numerous_a and_o well-disciplined_a army_n consist_v of_o norman_n and_o english_a to_o the_o relief_n of_o it_o whereupon_o prince_n rhys_n think_v it_o not_o his_o best_a course_n to_o confine_v his_o man_n within_o the_o wall_n lead_v they_o up_o into_o a_o champion_n ground_n hard_a by_o and_o there_o like_o a_o valiant_a prince_n resolve_v to_o give_v his_o enemy_n battle_n though_o they_o have_v much_o the_o advantage_n of_o he_o for_o his_o man_n be_v neither_o so_o well_o arm_v nor_o so_o much_o accustom_v to_o battle_n as_o the_o other_o be_v however_o their_o courage_n make_v amends_o for_o their_o arm_n and_o their_o leader_n prudence_n and_o conduct_v supply_v the_o defect_n of_o their_o discipline_n for_o they_o choose_v rather_o to_o die_v honourable_o in_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o country_n than_o shameful_o to_o survive_v the_o loss_n of_o it_o and_o therefore_o they_o attack_v their_o enemy_n so_o valiant_o that_o they_o be_v not_o long_o able_a to_o withstand_v their_o force_n but_o quit_v the_o field_n in_o great_a disorder_n leave_v a_o great_a number_n of_o their_o man_n behind_o they_o slay_v upon_o the_o spot_n and_o prince_n rhys_n pursue_v they_o so_o warm_o that_o they_o be_v glad_a of_o the_o shelter_n of_o the_o night_n to_o protect_v they_o from_o his_o fury_n after_o this_o victory_n he_o besiege_v the_o castle_n of_o payne_n in_o elfel_n which_o he_o easy_o take_v and_o keep_v in_o his_o own_o hand_n till_o william_n de_fw-fr bruce_n the_o owner_n thereof_o come_v to_o he_o and_o humble_o desire_a peace_n of_o he_o which_o he_o grant_v he_o and_o withal_o deliver_v he_o up_o his_o castle_n again_o not_o long_o after_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n who_o king_n richard_n have_v substitute_v his_o lieutenant_n in_o england_n march_v with_o a_o powerful_a army_n towards_o wales_n and_o besiege_n the_o castle_n of_o gwenwynwyn_n at_o the_o pool_n but_o the_o garrison_n make_v such_o a_o vigorous_a defence_n that_o he_o lose_v a_o great_a many_o of_o his_o man_n and_o all_o his_o attempt_n prove_v ineffectual_a therefore_o he_o send_v for_o some_o pyoneer_n who_o he_o order_v to_o undermine_v the_o wall_n which_o when_o the_o besiege_v understand_v they_o bethink_v of_o secure_v themselves_o on_o the_o most_o honourable_a term_n they_o can_v they_o be_v not_o willing_a to_o put_v themselves_o to_o the_o hazard_n of_o a_o battle_n for_o their_o enemy_n be_v thrice_o their_o number_n therefore_o they_o propose_v to_o surrender_v up_o the_o castle_n on_o condition_n they_o shall_v carry_v off_o all_o their_o arm_n along_o with_o they_o which_o offer_v the_o archbishop_n accept_v of_o and_o so_o permit_v the_o garrison_n to_o march_v out_o quiet_o then_o fortify_v the_o castle_n for_o the_o king_n use_n and_o put_v a_o strong_a garrison_n in_o it_o for_o its_o defence_n he_o return_v again_o to_o england_n but_o gwenwynwyn_n be_v not_o so_o willing_a to_o part_v from_o his_o castle_n as_o never_o to_o attempt_v the_o recovery_n of_o it_o therefore_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o understand_v that_o the_o archbishop_n be_v go_v back_o he_o immediate_o besiege_v it_o and_o short_o after_o receive_v it_o on_o the_o same_o term_n that_o his_o man_n have_v deliver_v it_o up_o and_o afterward_o keep_v it_o for_o his_o own_o use_n a.d._n 1197_o the_o follow_a year_n there_o break_v out_o a_o terrible_a plague_n which_o spread_v over_o all_o britain_n and_o france_n and_o carry_v off_o a_o great_a number_n of_o the_o nobility_n beside_o common_a people_n this_o year_n likewise_o die_v the_o valiant_a rhys_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n the_o only_a stay_n and_o defence_n of_o that_o part_n of_o wales_n for_o he_o it_o be_v that_o get_v they_o their_o liberty_n and_o secure_v it_o to_o they_o he_o often_o very_o ready_o expose_v his_o own_o life_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o they_o and_o their_o country_n general_o he_o get_v the_o better_a of_o his_o enemy_n and_o at_o last_o either_o bring_v they_o entire_o under_o his_o subjection_n or_o force_v they_o to_o quit_v their_o country_n he_o be_v no_o less_o illustrious_a for_o his_o virtuous_a endowment_n than_o for_o his_o valour_n and_o extraction_n so_o that_o it_o be_v with_o good_a reason_n that_o the_o british_a bard_n and_o other_o write_v so_o honourable_o of_o he_o and_o so_o mighty_o deplore_v his_o death_n to_o this_o prince_n be_v bear_v many_o son_n and_o daughter_n whereof_o his_o elder_a son_n gruffydh_n succeed_v he_o the_o other_o be_v cadwalhon_n maelgon_n meredith_n and_o rhys_n of_o his_o daughter_n one_o call_v gwenthtan_n be_v marry_v to_o ednyfed_a fychaâ—_n ancestor_n to_o owen_n tudor_n that_o marry_v kitharine_n queen-dowager_n to_o king_n henry_n the_o five_o and_o the_o rest_n be_v very_o well_o match_v with_o some_o of_o the_o nobility_n of_o the_o country_n prince_n gruffydh_n be_v settle_v in_o the_o government_n of_o his_o country_n do_v not_o long_o enjoy_v it_o peaceable_o for_o his_o troublesome_a brother_n maelgon_n think_v it_o now_o a_o fit_a time_n to_o endeavour_v the_o recovery_n of_o the_o inheritance_n his_o father_n have_v deprive_v he_o of_o to_o this_o purpose_n he_o make_v a_o league_n with_o gwenwynwyn_n the_o son_n of_o owen_n cyfeilioc_n lord_n of_o powy_n and_o by_o their_o joint_a interest_n get_v together_o a_o considerable_a body_n of_o man_n wherewith_o they_o surprise_a prince_n gruffydh_n at_o aberystwyth_n who_o after_o they_o have_v slay_v a_o great_a many_o of_o his_o man_n they_o take_v prisoner_n thus_o maelgon_n effectual_o accomplish_v his_o design_n in_o the_o recovery_n of_o the_o castle_n and_o the_o whole_a country_n of_o cardigan_n his_o unfortunate_a brother_n he_o commit_v to_o the_o custody_n of_o his_o spiteful_a confederate_a gwenwynwyn_n who_o immediate_o out_o of_o malice_n deliver_v he_o up_o to_o the_o mercy_n of_o his_o inveterate_a enemy_n the_o english_a after_o this_o gwenwynâ—yn_n have_v get_v together_o a_o army_n enter_v arust_o and_o bring_v it_o to_o his_o subjection_n david_n ap_fw-mi owen_n who_o prince_n lhewelyn_n have_v forâ—ed_v to_o quit_v his_o usurpation_n of_o the_o principality_n of_o north-wales_n have_v hitherto_o live_v quiet_o and_o peaceable_o not_o so_o much_o out_o of_o kindness_n to_o his_o nephew_n as_o because_o he_o know_v not_o how_o to_o redress_v himself_o but_o now_o have_v get_v a_o great_a army_n of_o english_a and_o welsh_a he_o use_v his_o utmost_a effort_n to_o recover_v his_o principality_n whereupon_o prince_n lhewelyn_n who_o be_v the_o right_a heir_n and_o in_o possession_n of_o it_o come_v on_o bold_o to_o meet_v he_o and_o give_v he_o battle_n wherein_o he_o shameful_o rout_v his_o army_n and_o take_v his_o uncle_n david_n prisoner_n who_o he_o deliver_v into_o safe_a custody_n whereby_o he_o secure_v to_o himself_o and_o his_o country_n peace_n and_o quietness_n towards_o the_o close_a of_o this_o year_n owen_n cyfeilioc_n lord_n of_o the_o high_a powy_n depart_v this_o life_n and_o leave_v his_o estate_n to_o gwenwynwyn_n his_o son_n after_o who_o that_o part_n of_o powy_n be_v call_v powys-wenwynwyn_a to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o the_o other_o call_v powy_n fadoc_n the_o inheritance_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o bromfield_n much_o about_o this_o time_n trahaern_n fychan_n a_o man_n of_o great_a power_n and_o authority_n in_o the_o county_n of_o brecknock_n be_v sudden_o seize_v upon_o as_o he_o be_v go_v to_o llancor_n to_o confer_v about_o some_o business_n with_o william_n de_fw-fr bruce_n lord_n thereof_o and_o by_o a_o order_n of_o the_o lord_n tie_v to_o a_o horse_n tail_n and_o drag_v through_o the_o street_n of_o brecknock_n to_o the_o gallow_n where_o he_o be_v behead_v and_o his_o body_n hang_v up_o by_o the_o foot_n for_o three_o day_n which_o barbarity_n inflict_v upon_o he_o for_o no_o know_v just_a cause_n so_o frighten_v his_o brother_n wife_n and_o child_n that_o they_o flee_v their_o country_n for_o fear_n of_o the_o same_o usage_n the_o a.d._n 1198_o year_n
follow_v maelgon_n who_o have_v before_o rout_v his_o brother_n prince_n gruffydh_n army_n and_o take_v he_o prisoner_n begin_v now_o to_o enlarge_v his_o territory_n and_o take_v in_o his_o brother_n castle_n of_o aberteifi_n and_o ystratmeyric_n also_o the_o young_a son_n of_o prince_n rhys_n about_o this_o time_n recover_v the_o castle_n of_o dynefowr_n from_o the_o norman_n the_o same_o summer_n gwenwynwyn_n take_v up_o a_o resolution_n of_o attempt_v to_o extend_v wales_n to_o its_o ancient_a limit_n and_o for_o this_o purpose_n he_o raise_v a_o powerful_a army_n with_o which_o he_o first_o design_n to_o be_v avenge_v of_o william_n de_fw-fr bruce_n for_o the_o inhuman_a death_n of_o his_o cousin_n trahaern_a fychan_n and_o therefore_o he_o besiege_v his_o castle_n of_o payn_n in_o elfel_n where_o he_o make_v a_o protestation_n that_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o have_v take_v it_o for_o a_o far_a satisfaction_n to_o his_o revenge_n he_o will_v unmerciful_o ravage_v the_o whole_a country_n as_o far_o as_o severn_n but_o these_o mighty_a menace_n be_v soon_o blow_v over_o for_o he_o have_v neither_o batter_a engine_n nor_o pioner_n so_o that_o he_o be_v force_v to_o lay_v before_o the_o castle_n for_o three_o week_n without_o effect_v any_o thing_n whereby_o the_o murderer_n have_v time_n enough_o to_o apply_v themselves_o to_o england_n for_o succour_n which_o they_o obtain_v for_o upon_o this_o geoffrey_n fitz-peter_n lord_n chief_a justice_n of_o england_n levy_v a_o considerable_a army_n to_o which_o he_o join_v all_o the_o lord_n marcher_n and_o come_v in_o all_o haste_n to_o the_o relief_n of_o the_o place_n where_o he_o meet_v gwenwynwyn_n with_o who_o before_o he_o will_v hazard_v a_o battle_n he_o be_v desirous_a to_o have_v a_o treaty_n of_o peace_n to_o which_o gwenwynwyn_n and_o his_o adherent_n will_v in_o no_o wise_a hearken_v or_o condescend_v but_o return_v in_o answer_n that_o their_o business_n there_o be_v to_o be_v revenge_v of_o old_a injury_n do_v they_o hereupon_o the_o english_a lord_n resolve_v to_o enlarge_v prince_n gruffydh_n of_o south-wales_n who_o they_o know_v to_o be_v a_o inveterate_a enemy_n of_o gwenwynwyn_n as_o he_o that_o deliver_v he_o up_o to_o their_o hand_n and_o likewise_o to_o be_v a_o man_n of_o great_a authority_n in_o his_o country_n therefore_o they_o right_o conclude_v he_o may_v be_v more_o serviceable_a to_o they_o when_o at_o liberty_n than_o under_o confinement_n wherein_o they_o be_v not_o disappoint_v for_o he_o immediate_o get_v together_o a_o strong_a body_n of_o his_o countryman_n and_o join_v with_o the_o english_a advance_v towards_o the_o castle_n where_o they_o furious_o attack_v gwenwynwyn_n who_o make_v no_o less_o vigorous_a defence_n hereupon_o there_o ensue_v a_o bloody_a battle_n with_o a_o great_a slaughter_n on_o both_o side_n but_o at_o length_n the_o english_a get_v the_o victory_n and_o gwenwynwyn_n lose_v a_o great_a number_n of_o common_a soldier_n if_o we_o believe_v matthew_n paris_n 3700_o man_n beside_o a_o great_a many_o of_o his_o best_a commander_n among_o who_o be_v anarawd_n son_n of_o eineon_n owen_n ap_fw-mi cadwalhon_n richard_n ap_fw-mi jestyn_n and_o robert_n ap_fw-mi howel_n meredith_n ap_fw-mi conan_n be_v likewise_o take_v prisoner_n with_o many_o more_o after_o this_o the_o english_a return_v home_o triumphant_o and_o requite_v prince_n gruffydh_n service_n with_o a_o perfect_a liberty_n who_o immediate_o partly_o by_o his_o own_o force_n partly_o by_o the_o affection_n of_o his_o people_n repossess_v himself_o of_o all_o his_o dominion_n save_o the_o castle_n of_o aberteifi_n and_o ystratmeyrie_n which_o his_o usurp_a brother_n maelgon_n by_o the_o assistance_n of_o gwenwynwyn_n have_v during_o his_o confinement_n by_o the_o english_a take_v from_o he_o and_o still_o unjust_o detain_v hereupon_o some_o of_o prince_n gruffydh_n prime_a nobility_n and_o clergy_n come_v to_o he_o and_o offer_v he_o their_o endeavour_n of_o reconcile_a he_o to_o his_o brother_n and_o make_v he_o so_o apprehensive_a of_o his_o just_a displeasure_n at_o he_o that_o he_o take_v a_o solemn_a oath_n before_o they_o that_o in_o case_n his_o brother_n will_v give_v he_o hostage_n for_o the_o security_n of_o his_o own_o person_n he_o will_v deliver_v he_o up_o his_o castle_n of_o aberteifi_n by_o a_o day_n appoint_v which_o proposal_n prince_n gruffydh_n accept_v of_o and_o according_o send_v he_o his_o demand_n but_o it_o be_v the_o least_o of_o maelgon_n intention_n to_o make_v good_a his_o part_n or_o else_o he_o be_v very_o unconstant_a in_o his_o resolution_n for_o he_o have_v no_o soon_o receive_v the_o hostage_n but_o instead_o of_o deliver_v up_o the_o castle_n he_o fortify_v it_o and_o put_v in_o a_o garrison_n for_o his_o own_o use_n and_o commit_v the_o hostage_n to_o the_o custody_n of_o gwenwynwyn_n prince_n gruffydh_n mortal_a enemy_n but_o not_o long_o after_o their_o innocency_n procure_v they_o a_o opportunity_n of_o a_o escape_n in_o the_o year_n 1199_o maelgon_n still_o pursue_v his_o hatred_n a.d._n 1199_o of_o his_o brother_n prince_n gruffydh_n get_v a_o army_n wherewith_o he_o besiege_v his_o castle_n of_o dynerth_n which_o he_o be_v master_n of_o in_o a_o short_a time_n and_o then_o put_v all_o the_o garrison_n to_o the_o sword_n but_o about_o the_o same_o time_n prince_n gruffydh_n in_o lieu_n of_o this_o win_v the_o castle_n of_o cilgerran_n and_o strong_o fortify_v it_o this_o year_n richard_n the_o first_o of_o england_n as_o he_o be_v besiege_v the_o castle_n of_o chalons_n in_o france_n be_v shoot_v from_o the_o wall_n with_o a_o arrow_n whereof_o he_o not_o long_o after_o dye_v and_o leave_v his_o kingdom_n to_o his_o brother_n john_n who_o thereupon_o be_v with_o great_a solemnity_n crown_v at_o westminster_n but_o he_o can_v not_o expect_v to_o enjoy_v this_o kingdom_n peaceable_o for_o his_o elder_a brother_n geoffry_n plantagenet_n have_v leave_v a_o son_n behind_o he_o name_v arthur_n who_o right_a the_o crown_n of_o england_n be_v by_o lineal_a descent_n which_o now_o therefore_o he_o just_o lay_v claim_v to_o and_o by_o the_o assistance_n of_o king_n philip_n of_o france_n who_o espouse_a his_o quarrel_n endeavour_v to_o recover_v but_o before_o prince_n arthur_n have_v make_v sufficient_a preparation_n to_o carry_v on_o his_o design_n he_o be_v unexpected_o set_v upon_o by_o his_o uncle_n his_o army_n rout_v and_o he_o himself_o take_v prisoner_n and_o commit_v to_o safe_a custody_n not_o long_o after_o which_o he_o die_v and_o so_o king_n john_n be_v rid_v of_o his_o competitor_n a.d._n 1200_o the_o follow_a year_n gruffydh_n ap_fw-mi conan_n ap_fw-mi owen_n gwynedh_fw-mi dye_v and_o be_v bury_v in_o a_o monk_n cawl_n in_o the_o abbey_n of_o conway_n which_o way_n of_o bury_v be_v very_o much_o practise_v especial_o by_o the_o better_a sort_n in_o those_o day_n for_o the_o monk_n and_o friar_n have_v delude_v the_o people_n into_o a_o strong_a conceit_n of_o the_o merit_n of_o it_o and_o have_v firm_o persuade_v they_o it_o be_v high_o conduce_v to_o their_o future_a happiness_n to_o be_v thus_o inter_v but_o this_o superstition_n together_o with_o the_o propagator_n of_o it_o they_o have_v late_o receive_v from_o england_n for_o the_o first_o abbey_n or_o monastery_n we_o read_v of_o in_o wales_n since_o the_o destruction_n of_o that_o famous_a house_n of_o bangor_n which_o favour_v of_o romish_a dregs_o be_v the_o ty-gwyn_n build_v in_o the_o year_n 1146._o after_o which_o they_o mighty_o increase_v and_o spread_v over_o all_o the_o country_n and_o now_o the_o fountain_n head_n begin_v to_o be_v corrupt_v for_o the_o clergy_n maintain_v a_o doctrine_n which_o their_o ancestor_n abhor_v as_o may_v easy_o be_v gather_v from_o the_o write_n of_o that_o worthy_a divine_a ambrose_n telesinus_n who_o flourish_v in_o the_o year_n 540._o when_v the_o christian_a faith_n which_o we_o suppose_v to_o be_v deliver_v at_o the_o isle_n of_o afalon_n by_o joseph_n of_o arimathea_n flow_v in_o this_o land_n in_o a_o pure_a and_o uncorrupted_a stream_n before_o it_o be_v infect_v and_o pollute_v by_o that_o proud_a and_o bloodthirsty_a monk_n augustine_n i_o say_v he_o then_o write_v and_o leave_v behind_o he_o as_o his_o own_o opinion_n and_o the_o opinion_n of_o those_o day_n these_o follow_a verse_n gwae'r_o offeiriad_v bid_v nys_n angreifftia_fw-la gwyd_fw-la ac_fw-la ny_fw-fr phregetha_fw-mi gwae_fw-la ny_fw-fr cheidw_n ei_fw-la gail_n ac_fw-la of_o yn_a figail_n ac_fw-la ny_n areilia_fw-la gwae_fw-la ni_fw-fr cheidw_n ei_fw-la dhefaid_fw-la rhae_fw-la bleidhie_a rhufeniaid_n a'i_fw-fr ffon_n gnwppa_fw-la from_o whence_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n be_v then_o corrupt_a and_o that_o the_o british_a church_n persevere_v in_o the_o primitive_a and_o true_o apostolical_a profession_n of_o christianity_n as_o it_o be_v at_o first_o plant_v in_o the_o island_n and_o that_o no_o roman_a innovation_n have_v creep_v in_o
for_o some_o time_n make_v a_o vigorous_a defence_n but_o have_v no_o hope_n of_o any_o relief_n they_o think_v it_o their_o wise_a course_n to_o capitulate_v and_o so_o they_o desire_v they_o may_v march_v out_o with_o their_o arm_n bag_n and_o baggage_n and_o all_o that_o belong_v to_o they_o which_o be_v grant_v they_o about_o this_o time_n likewise_o gwenwynwyn_n be_v set_v at_o liberty_n who_o the_o king_n have_v hitherto_o detain_v prisoner_n and_o withal_o lend_v he_o some_o force_n to_o attempt_v the_o recovery_n of_o his_o country_n which_o prince_n lhewelyn_n have_v seize_v upon_o during_o his_o imprisonment_n and_o though_o by_o his_o own_o strength_n he_o be_v not_o able_a to_o cope_v with_o the_o prince_n yet_o by_o this_o assistance_n grant_v he_o by_o the_o king_n he_o soon_o re-possessâ—d_a himself_o of_o his_o dominion_n this_o success_n of_o gwenwynwyn_n encourage_v maelgon_v likewise_o to_o endeavour_v the_o recovery_n of_o that_o part_n of_o his_o country_n which_o the_o prince_n have_v take_v from_o he_o in_o the_o same_o expedition_n now_o he_o make_v his_o application_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o swear_v allegiance_n to_o he_o hereupon_o the_o king_n grant_v he_o a_o considerable_a army_n as_o well_o english_a as_o norman_n to_o these_o he_o join_v what_o force_v he_o can_v raise_v in_o wales_n and_o then_o contrary_a to_o the_o oath_n and_o agreement_n he_o have_v make_v with_o his_o nephew_n rhys_n and_o owen_n he_o in_o a_o hostile_a manner_n enter_v their_o country_n when_o he_o be_v come_v to_o cantre_v penwedic_n he_o encamp_v at_o cilcenny_n where_o he_o stay_v some_o time_n to_o take_v measure_n for_o the_o better_a accomplishment_n of_o his_o design_n by_o this_o time_n his_o nephew_n have_v get_v together_o about_o 300_o choose_v well_o discipline_v man_n but_o with_o so_o small_a a_o number_n dare_v not_o oppose_v their_o uncle_n numerous_a army_n in_o open_a field_n therefore_o they_o be_v to_o endeavour_v to_o overthrow_v those_o by_o a_o stratagem_n which_o they_o can_v not_o do_v by_o main_a force_n herein_o they_o prove_v very_o successful_a for_o come_v as_o near_o their_o enemy_n as_o they_o can_v without_o be_v discover_v they_o send_v out_o their_o spy_n that_o night_n for_o intelligence_n who_o bring_v back_o the_o good_a news_n that_o all_o be_v quiet_a in_o maelgon_n camp_n and_o that_o they_o keep_v no_o strict_a watch_n be_v not_o aware_a of_o a_o approach_a enemy_n this_o intelligence_n mighty_o encourage_v the_o brother_n to_o prosecute_v their_o design_n and_o now_o they_o march_v as_o silent_o as_o they_o can_v towards_o their_o enemy_n camp_n where_o they_o meet_v with_o no_o opposition_n be_v not_o discover_v because_o all_o be_v fast_o asleep_a when_o they_o be_v advance_v as_o they_o think_v as_o far_o as_o maelgon_n tent_n they_o furious_o fall_v on_o and_o slay_v a_o great_a number_n of_o his_o man_n afore_o they_o awake_v the_o rest_n be_v frighten_v with_o the_o noise_n and_o shout_n of_o their_o enemy_n and_o withal_o think_v their_o number_n to_o be_v far_o great_a than_o it_o be_v be_v glad_a to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o darkness_n of_o the_o night_n to_o quit_v the_o field_n only_a maelgon_n guard_n valiant_o keep_v their_o post_n and_o defend_v their_o lord_n till_o he_o have_v time_n and_o opportunity_n to_o escape_v but_o maelgon_n army_n suffer_v very_o much_o in_o this_o action_n his_o nephew_n conan_n ap_fw-mi howel_n with_o his_o chief_a counsellor_n gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi cadwgan_n be_v both_o take_v prisoner_n and_o eineon_n ap_fw-mi caradoc_n with_o a_o great_a number_n more_o be_v slay_v upon_o the_o spot_n about_o the_o same_o time_n gilbert_n earl_n of_o gloucester_n fortify_v the_o castle_n of_o buelht_n where_o a_o little_a before_o he_o have_v lose_v a_o considerable_a number_n of_o his_o man_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o place_n be_v not_o very_o strong_a and_o tenable_a and_o towards_o the_o conclusion_n of_o this_o year_n mallt_n or_o maud_n de_fw-fr bruce_n the_o wife_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n depart_v this_o life_n and_o be_v inter_v by_o her_o husband_n in_o a_o monk_n coul_n in_o ystratflur_n but_o the_o follow_a year_n a_o great_a storm_n threaten_v a.d._n 1210_o north-wales_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o marcher_n make_v frequent_a and_o grievous_a complaint_n to_o king_n john_n how_o that_o prince_n lhewelyn_n perpetual_o molest_v their_o country_n slay_v their_o man_n and_o commit_v all_o the_o waste_n and_o destruction_n possible_a as_o he_o pass_v along_o the_o king_n hear_v of_o such_o intolerable_a depredation_n continual_o exercise_v by_o the_o north-wales_n man_n think_v it_o high_a time_n to_o redress_v his_o subject_n and_o therefore_o he_o raise_v a_o mighty_a army_n throughout_o all_o england_n and_o call_v to_o he_o all_o the_o lord_n and_o prince_n of_o wales_n as_o hold_v their_o land_n and_o patent_n from_o he_o as_o howel_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n ap_fw-mi owen_n gwynedh_fw-mi who_o prince_n lhewelyn_n have_v banish_v out_o of_o north-wales_n madoc_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi maylor_n lord_n of_o bromfield_n chirke_n and_o yale_n meredith_n ap_fw-mi rotpert_n lord_n of_o cydewen_n gwenwynwyn_n lord_n of_o powy_n maelgon_n and_o rhys_n the_o son_n of_o prince_n rhys_n and_o governor_n of_o south_n wales_n with_o this_o formidable_a army_n he_o come_v to_o chester_n intend_v to_o enter_v into_o north-wales_n by_o that_o way_n and_o be_v full_o resolve_v to_o execute_v the_o severe_a vengeance_n upon_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o not_o to_o let_v one_o live_a soul_n remain_v alive_a throughout_o the_o whole_a country_n but_o matter_n of_o this_o nature_n be_v easy_o resolve_v upon_o than_o accomplish_v prince_n lhewelyn_n be_v no_o soon_o inform_v of_o these_o mighty_a preparation_n against_o he_o comprehend_v the_o whole_a strength_n of_o the_o english_a nation_n and_o what_o be_v worst_a of_o all_o be_v assist_v by_o his_o own_o countryman_n but_o he_o issue_v forth_o his_o order_n command_v all_o his_o subject_n of_o the_o inland_n county_n of_o denbigh_n and_o flint_n together_o with_o they_o of_o the_o island_n of_o anglesey_n to_o remove_v for_o a_o time_n all_o their_o cattle_n and_o other_o effect_n to_o snowden-hill_n where_o they_o be_v sure_a to_o remain_v secure_a from_o their_o enemy_n but_o king_n john_n march_v his_o army_n along_o the_o sea-coast_n to_o ruthlan_n and_o there_o pass_v the_o river_n clwyd_n he_o come_v to_o the_o castle_n of_o teganwy_n where_o he_o encamp_v for_o some_o time_n to_o refresh_v and_o recreate_v his_o army_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o long_a march_n they_o make_v be_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n weary_a and_o fatigued_a but_o what_o the_o more_o augment_v their_o misery_n lhewelyn_n get_v behind_o they_o cut_v off_o all_o their_o hope_n of_o provision_n from_o england_n and_o the_o welsh_a by_o the_o advantage_n of_o be_v acquaint_v with_o the_o strait_n and_o narrow_a passage_n cut_v off_o all_o that_o straggle_v from_o the_o english_a camp_n so_o that_o in_o time_n they_o be_v glad_a to_o take_v up_o with_o horseflesh_n and_o any_o thing_n be_v it_o never_o so_o mean_a which_o may_v till_o up_o their_o greedy_a and_o empty_a stomach_n at_o last_o king_n john_n find_v no_o other_o remedy_n and_o perceive_v it_o impossible_a to_o continue_v long_o there_o so_o hungry_a and_o fainty_a think_v it_o his_o wise_a way_n to_o march_v for_o england_n and_o leave_v the_o welsh_a to_o themselves_o and_o so_o he_o decamp_v in_o a_o great_a fury_n leave_v lhewelyn_n to_o bury_v that_o great_a number_n of_o dead_a which_o have_v starve_v in_o this_o successless_a expedition_n but_o to_o recover_v the_o honour_n he_o have_v now_o lose_v he_o be_v resolve_v to_o try_v another_o touch_n with_o the_o welsh_a but_o possible_o not_o with_o the_o same_o confidence_n and_o assurance_n of_o victory_n and_o therefore_o return_v to_o wales_n in_o the_o next_o august_n he_o enter_v with_o such_o another_o terrible_a army_n of_o english_a and_o be_v assist_v by_o the_o same_o welsh_a lord_n at_o blanchmonastery_n now_o oswestry_n be_v in_o the_o lordship_n of_o john_n the_o son_n of_o william_n fitzalan_n in_o this_o expedition_n king_n john_n pass_v the_o river_n conwey_n and_o encamp_v at_o the_o other_o side_n towards_o snowden-hill_n send_v part_n of_o his_o army_n conduct_v by_o guide_n who_o be_v acquaint_v with_o the_o country_n to_o burn_v bangor_n which_o they_o effectual_o do_v and_o take_v roâ—pert_a bishop_n of_o that_o see_v out_o of_o church_n they_o carry_v he_o prisoner_n to_o the_o english_a camp_n where_o he_o continue_v for_o some_o time_n till_o he_o obtain_v his_o ransom_n for_o a_o present_a of_o two_o hundred_o hawk_n but_o prince_n lhewelyn_n find_v the_o whole_a strength_n of_o england_n and_o almost_o wales_n to_o fight_v against_o he_o and_o judge_v it_o impossible_a for_o himself_o alone_o to_o
inveterate_a enmity_n to_o the_o welsh_a and_o upon_o who_o account_n king_n henry_n have_v chief_o bring_v his_o army_n into_o wales_n he_o be_v succeed_v both_o in_o his_o title_n and_o estate_n by_o his_o brother_n richard_n who_o be_v much_o more_o favourable_o incline_v towards_o the_o welsh_a and_o never_o attempt_v any_o thing_n against_o they_o but_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v resolve_v to_o retrieve_v the_o honour_n he_o have_v lose_v in_o the_o late_a expedition_n against_o the_o welsh_a and_o therefore_o be_v return_v from_o france_n whither_o he_o have_v make_v a_o descent_n to_o recover_v what_o his_o father_n have_v lose_v in_o that_o kingdom_n he_o come_v to_o wales_n and_o have_v remain_v some_o time_n in_o the_o march_n he_o return_v again_o to_o england_n leave_v his_o army_n under_o the_o command_n of_o hubert_n burgh_n earl_n of_o kent_n to_o defend_v the_o march_n against_o any_o inroad_n which_o the_o welsh_a may_v attempt_v and_o he_o have_v not_o remain_v there_o long_o when_o he_o receive_v intelligence_n that_o a_o party_n of_o welch_n have_v enter_v the_o march_n near_o montgomery_n who_o he_o forthwith_o pursue_v and_o set_v upon_o they_o surprize_o he_o put_v a_o great_a number_n of_o they_o to_o the_o sword_n prince_n lhewylyn_n hear_v this_o come_v in_o person_n with_o a_o great_a army_n to_o the_o march_n and_o fit_v before_o montgomery_n castle_n he_o force_v hubert_n to_o withdraw_v and_o then_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o the_o place_n he_o burn_v it_o to_o the_o ground_n and_o put_v the_o garrison_n to_o the_o sword_n the_o like_a fate_n attend_v the_o castle_n of_o radnor_n aberhondhy_n rhayadr_n gwy_n caerlheon_n neth_n and_o cydwe_o though_o caerlheon_n hold_v out_o very_o stubborn_o and_o the_o prince_n have_v several_a of_o his_o man_n destroy_v before_o the_o place_n king_n henry_n be_v inform_v of_o what_o miserable_a desolation_n the_o prince_n of_o wales_n so_o successful_o commit_v upon_o his_o subject_n in_o these_o country_n have_v he_o present_o excommunicate_v and_o then_o come_v to_o hereford_n with_o a_o mighty_a army_n he_o detach_v the_o great_a part_n of_o it_o with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o his_o nobility_n to_o wales_n these_o by_o the_o direction_n of_o a_o friar_n of_o cymer_n unexpected_o as_o they_o think_v fall_v upon_o a_o party_n of_o welsh_a who_o at_o the_o first_o encounter_n seem_v to_o fly_v till_o they_o have_v allure_v the_o english_a to_o pursue_v they_o to_o a_o place_n where_o a_o great_a party_n of_o welch_n lie_v in_o ambuscade_n who_o rush_v of_o a_o sudden_a upon_o the_o english_a put_v they_o in_o such_o a_o confusion_n that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o be_v cut_v off_o the_o king_n be_v sensible_a that_o this_o be_v a_o treacherous_a insinuation_n of_o the_o friar_n be_v resolve_v to_o be_v revenge_v by_o burn_v the_o abbey_n of_o cymer_n but_o the_o prior_n for_o three_o hundred_o mark_n prevent_v it_o and_o so_o the_o king_n return_v to_o england_n have_v effect_v nothing_o in_o this_o expedition_n beside_o the_o build_n of_o maud_n castle_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n maelgon_n son_n of_o maelgon_n ap_fw-mi rhys_n lay_v siege_n to_o aberteifi_n and_o have_v by_o force_n get_v entry_n into_o the_o town_n he_o put_v all_o the_o inhabitant_n to_o the_o sword_n then_o destroy_v all_o before_o he_o to_o the_o castle_n gate_n which_o be_v so_o strong_o fortify_v that_o it_o seem_v almost_o impracticable_a to_o take_v it_o in_o any_o short_a time_n but_o maelgon_n be_v join_v by_o his_o cousin_n owen_n gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhy_n son_n be_v resolve_v to_o try_v the_o utmost_a that_o can_v be_v effect_v and_o therefore_o take_v with_o he_o some_o of_o prince_n lhewelyn_n most_o experience_a officer_n â—e_z break_v down_o the_o bridge_n upon_o the_o river_n teifi_n and_o â—hen_o invest_v the_o castle_n more_o close_o he_o so_o batter_a â—nd_n undermine_v it_o that_o he_o become_v in_o a_o little_a time_n master_n of_o it_o the_o year_n follow_v prince_n lhewelyn_n make_v a_o descent_n a.d._n 1232_o upon_o england_n and_o have_v commit_v very_o considerable_a waste_n and_o destruction_n upon_o the_o border_n he_o return_v to_o north-wales_n with_o a_o rich_a booty_n both_o of_o man_n and_o cattle_n king_n henry_n to_o correct_v the_o welsh_a for_o these_o grievous_a devastation_n and_o to_o prevent_v their_o further_a incursion_n into_o england_n demand_v a_o very_a great_a subsidy_n of_o his_o subject_n to_o carry_v on_o the_o war_n against_o the_o welsh_a which_o be_v grant_v he_o he_o make_v all_o possible_a preparation_n for_o his_o expedition_n to_o wales_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n randulph_n earl_n of_o chester_n die_v and_o be_v succeed_v in_o that_o honour_n by_o john_n his_o sister_n son_n who_o be_v afterward_o marry_v to_o prince_n lhewelyn_n daughter_n but_o the_o english_a in_o wales_n be_v in_o expectation_n of_o king_n henry_n come_n thither_o begin_v to_o repair_v and_o fortify_v their_o castle_n and_o particular_o richard_n earl_n of_o cornwall_n rebuilt_a radnor_n castle_n a.d._n 1233_o which_o the_o prince_n have_v late_o destroy_v prince_n lhewelyn_n be_v sufficient_o sensible_a that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n intend_v a_o invasion_n and_o therefore_o to_o be_v beforehand_o with_o he_o he_o come_v with_o a_o army_n to_o brecknock_n destroy_v all_o the_o town_n and_o castle_n throughout_o the_o country_n except_v brecknock_n castle_n which_o hold_v out_o so_o manful_o that_o after_o a_o month_n sit_v before_o it_o he_o be_v at_o last_o constrain_v to_o raise_v the_o siege_n in_o his_o return_n to_o north-wales_n he_o burn_v the_o town_n of_o clûn_n recoverâ—â—_n all_o that_o country_n call_v dyffryn_n tefeidiat_a in_o the_o possession_n of_o john_n fitz-alan_n destroy_v red_a castle_n in_o powy_n and_o burn_v oswestry_n but_o what_o happen_v very_o fortunate_o to_o the_o welsh_a richard_n marshal_v earl_n of_o pembroke_n be_v fall_v at_o variance_n with_o king_n henry_n take_v part_n with_o prince_n lhewelyn_n with_o who_o join_v hubert_n de_fw-fr burgh_n who_o have_v late_o make_v his_o escape_n out_o of_o the_o castle_n of_o devizes_n where_o the_o king_n upon_o some_o article_n of_o information_n bring_v against_o he_o have_v commit_v he_o to_o prison_n but_o the_o earl_n of_o pembrock_n attend_v by_o owen_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n come_v to_o s._n david_n and_o be_v very_o glad_a of_o a_o opportunity_n to_o revenge_v himself_o upon_o the_o king_n slay_v every_o one_o thaâ—_n own_v any_o dependence_n upon_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n maelgon_n and_o rhys_n gryc_a with_o all_o the_o force_n of_o prince_n lhewelyn_n quick_o join_v the_o earl_n who_o in_o their_o march_n through_o the_o country_n take_v the_o castle_n of_o caâ—dyff_fw-mi abergevenny_n pencelhy_n blaenlhefyni_n and_o bwlch_n y_fw-fr ddinas_fw-la which_o all_o except_v cardyff_fw-mi they_o burn_v to_o the_o ground_n the_o king_n receive_v intelligence_n that_o the_o earl_n of_o pembrock_n have_v enter_v into_o a_o confederacy_n with_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n and_o that_o he_o be_v now_o iâ—_n open_a hostility_n against_o his_o subject_n in_o that_o country_n gather_v a_o very_a formidable_a army_n consist_v beside_o english_a of_o fleming_n norman_n and_o gascoign_n and_o come_v to_o wales_n he_o encamp_v at_o grosmont_n where_o the_o earl_n with_o the_o welsh_a army_n meet_v he_o but_o when_o the_o english_a will_v have_v endeavour_v to_o advance_v further_o into_o the_o country_n the_o welsh_a oppose_v they_o and_o so_o a_o battle_n ensue_v wherein_o the_o english_a lose_v five_o hundred_o horse_n beside_o a_o far_o great_a number_n of_o their_o infantry_n the_o welsh_a have_v gain_v a_o considerable_a victory_n in_o this_o action_n the_o king_n be_v advise_v to_o withdraw_v his_o force_n for_o fear_v lest_o that_o the_o welsh_a shall_v again_o set_v upon_o they_o and_o so_o sustain_v a_o great_a loss_n which_o counsel_n the_o king_n willing_o hearken_v unto_o and_o so_o he_o return_v for_o england_n the_o english_a be_v withdraw_v the_o earl_n likewise_o decamp_v and_o march_v to_o caermardhyn_n which_o he_o besiege_v but_o after_o three_o month_n in_o vain_a assault_n the_o garrison_n most_o brave_o defend_v the_o place_n and_o the_o english_a fleet_n have_v throw_v in_o new_a provision_n he_o think_v it_o most_o adviseable_a to_o raise_v the_o siege_n short_o after_o rhys_n gryc_a son_n to_o prince_n rhys_n die_v at_o lhandeilo_n fawr_n and_o be_v honourable_o inter_v by_o his_o father_n at_o s._n david_n about_o the_o same_o time_n maelgon_n fychan_n maelgon_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n his_o son_n finish_v trefilan_n castle_n which_o be_v begin_v in_o his_o father_n time_n a.d._n 1234_o king_n henry_n be_v not_o willing_a to_o hazard_v any_o more_o campaign_n in_o wales_n and_o therefore_o he_o appoint_v john_n of_o monmouth_n a_o great_a soldier_n and_o general_n of_o the_o english_a force_n
nobleman_n offer_v to_o be_v security_n and_o bind_v themselves_o by_o their_o several_a write_n but_o as_o if_o all_o thing_n have_v conspire_v together_o against_o prince_n david_n appendix_n see_v appendix_n several_a person_n that_o have_v be_v at_o continual_a variance_n and_o enmity_n among_o themselves_o to_o this_o time_n be_v now_o by_o reason_n that_o they_o equal_o favour_v gruffydh_n cause_n make_v friend_n among_o one_o another_o morgan_z ap_fw-mi howel_n lord_n of_o cery_n make_v his_o reconciliation_n to_o sir_n ralph_n mortimer_n appendix_n see_v appendix_n and_o his_o submission_n to_o king_n henry_n in_o a_o very_a solemn_a manner_n in_o the_o same_o form_n several_a other_o of_o the_o nobility_n submit_v to_o the_o king_n as_o owen_z ap_fw-mi howel_n maelgon_fw-mi ap_fw-mi maelgon_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n howel_n ap_fw-mi cadwalhon_n and_o cadwalhon_n ap_fw-mi howel_n david_n find_v himself_o thus_o relinquish_v by_o the_o great_a part_n of_o his_o nobility_n and_o particular_o by_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi madawc_n lord_n of_o bromfield_n who_o he_o chief_o fear_v by_o reason_n of_o his_o great_a wisdom_n and_o power_n and_o that_o he_o be_v much_o esteem_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n can_v not_o easy_o conclude_v how_o to_o carry_v himself_o in_o this_o perplexity_n of_o affair_n but_o in_o fine_a consider_v with_o himself_o what_o a_o puissant_a army_n king_n henry_n bring_v against_o he_o and_o how_o himself_o be_v considerable_o weaken_v by_o the_o defection_n of_o his_o subject_n he_o think_v it_o most_o adviseable_a to_o truckle_n to_o the_o king_n and_o therefore_o with_o all_o speed_n send_v he_o his_o submission_n appendix_n see_v appendix_n prince_n david_n have_v give_v a_o plenary_a submission_n to_o the_o king_n desire_z that_o be_v his_o nephew_n and_o the_o lawful_a heir_n and_o successor_n of_o his_o father_n prince_n lhewelyn_n he_o shall_v enjoy_v the_o principality_n of_o wales_n rather_o than_o gruffydh_n who_o be_v illegitimate_a and_o in_o no_o wise_a relate_v to_o the_o king_n assure_v he_o further_o that_o the_o war_n will_v never_o be_v at_o a_o end_n if_o he_o be_v set_v at_o liberty_n king_n henry_n know_v well_o the_o truth_n of_o all_o this_o and_o withal_o be_v assure_v that_o gruffydh_n be_v not_o only_o valiant_a himself_o but_o have_v likewise_o very_o powerful_a abettor_n and_o promoter_n of_o his_o cause_n be_v very_o inclinable_a to_o assent_v to_o david_n request_n and_o to_o prevent_v any_o far_a trouble_n willing_o grant_v it_o therefore_o david_n in_o a_o while_n after_o send_v his_o brother_n gruffydh_n to_o the_o king_n together_o with_o the_o pledge_n promise_v for_o the_o performance_n of_o the_o article_n late_o agree_v upon_o who_o be_v all_o send_v to_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n to_o be_v keep_v in_o safe_a custody_n gruffydh_n be_v allow_v a_o noble_a a_o day_n to_o provide_v himself_o with_o necessary_n short_o after_o david_n come_v himself_o to_o london_n and_o after_o he_o have_v do_v his_o homage_n and_o swear_v fealty_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n return_v to_o wales_n be_v honourable_o and_o peaceable_o dismiss_v but_o as_o soon_o as_o gruffydh_n find_v out_o king_n henry_n mind_n and_o that_o it_o be_v the_o least_o part_n of_o his_o design_n to_o set_v he_o at_o liberty_n have_v flat_o deny_v the_o bishop_n of_o bangor_n his_o request_n therein_o he_o begin_v to_o set_v his_o brain_n a_o work_n and_o to_o devise_v a_o mean_n whereby_o he_o may_v make_v his_o escape_n out_o of_o the_o tower_n whereupon_o have_v one_o night_n deceive_v his_o keeper_n he_o let_v himself_o down_o from_o the_o top_n of_o the_o building_n by_o a_o line_n which_o he_o have_v compose_v out_o of_o the_o sheet_n and_o hang_n of_o the_o room_n which_o be_v too_o weak_a to_o bear_v his_o weight_n be_v a_o heavy_a corpulent_a person_n let_v he_o down_o headlong_o to_o the_o ground_n by_o the_o greatness_n of_o which_o fall_v he_o be_v crush_v to_o piece_n and_o so_o present_o expire_v king_n henry_n be_v inform_v of_o this_o unhappy_a accident_n severe_o punish_v the_o officer_n for_o their_o inexcusable_a carelessness_n and_o order_v that_o his_o son_n who_o be_v keep_v prisoner_n with_o he_o in_o the_o tower_n shall_v be_v more_o narrow_o observe_v after_o this_o king_n henry_n fortify_v the_o castle_n of_o dyserth_n in_o flintshire_n and_o for_o their_o pass_a service_n or_o rather_o to_o oblige_v they_o to_o the_o like_a after_o grant_v to_o gruffydh_n ap_fw-mi gwenwynwyn_n all_o his_o estate_n in_o powy_n and_o to_o the_o son_n of_o conan_n ap_fw-mi owen_n gwynedh_fw-mi their_o land_n in_o merionyth_n and_o the_o next_o year_n maelgon_n fychan_n fortify_v a.d._n 1242_o the_o castle_n of_o garthgrugyn_n john_n de_fw-fr mynoc_n the_o castle_n of_o buelht_n and_o roger_n mortimer_n that_o of_o melyenyth_n but_o all_o these_o preparation_n be_v not_o to_o no_o purpose_n for_o the_o follow_a year_n early_o king_n henry_n come_v with_o a.d._n 1243_o a_o army_n into_o wales_n and_o begin_v very_o unreasonable_o to_o molest_v the_o welsh_a and_o without_o any_o just_a pretence_n forcible_o to_o seize_v upon_o their_o land_n and_o estate_n indeed_o after_o the_o death_n of_o gruffydh_n he_o have_v a_o mind_n no_o long_o to_o keep_v his_o promise_n to_o david_n and_o therefore_o entitle_v his_o elder_a son_n edward_n to_o the_o principality_n of_o wales_n who_o he_o think_v to_o oblige_v the_o welsh_a to_o obey_v but_o prince_n david_n understand_v his_o design_n levy_v all_o his_o power_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o his_o just_a right_n yet_o find_v himself_o unable_a to_o withstand_v the_o army_n of_o the_o english_a purpose_v to_o effect_v that_o by_o policy_n which_o he_o can_v not_o attain_v by_o force_n he_o send_v therefore_o to_o the_o pope_n complain_v how_o that_o king_n henry_n of_o england_n compel_v he_o unjust_o to_o hold_v his_o land_n of_o he_o and_o that_o upon_o no_o legal_a pretence_n he_o seize_v the_o estate_n of_o the_o welsh_a at_o his_o pleasure_n tell_v he_o moreover_o that_o prince_n lhewelyn_n his_o father_n have_v leave_v he_o and_o the_o principality_n of_o wales_n to_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o see_v of_o rome_n to_o which_o he_o be_v willing_a to_o pay_v the_o yearly_a sum_n of_o five_o hundred_o mark_n oblige_v himself_o and_o his_o successor_n by_o oath_n for_o the_o due_a performance_n of_o this_o payment_n the_o pope_n you_o may_v be_v sure_a glad_o accept_v of_o the_o offer_n and_o thereupon_o give_v commission_n to_o the_o two_o abbot_n of_o aberconwey_n and_o cymer_n to_o absolve_v david_n from_o his_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o have_v inquire_v into_o the_o whole_a estate_n of_o the_o quarrel_n to_o transmit_v a_o account_n of_o it_o to_o he_o the_o abbot_n appendâ—x_n see_v appendâ—x_n according_a to_o their_o commission_n direct_v a_o very_a positive_a mandate_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n king_n henry_n admire_v the_o strange_a presumption_n and_o confidence_n of_o these_o abbot_n or_o more_o the_o unsatiable_a avarice_n and_o greediness_n of_o the_o pope_n send_v also_o to_o rome_n and_o with_o a_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n easy_o adjust_v all_o matter_n his_o holiness_n be_v very_o desirous_a to_o make_v the_o best_a advantage_n of_o both_o party_n but_o prince_n david_n find_v that_o the_o pope_n mind_v his_o own_o gain_n more_o than_o to_o justify_v his_o complaint_n against_o the_o king_n of_o england_n think_v it_o to_o no_o purpose_n to_o rely_v upon_o his_o faith_n but_o judge_v it_o more_o advisable_a to_o vindicate_v himself_o by_o force_n of_o arms._n have_v therefore_o gather_v his_o force_n together_o be_v now_o reconcile_v to_o and_o follow_v by_o all_o the_o nobility_n of_o wales_n except_v gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi gwenwynwyn_n and_o morgan_n ap_fw-mi howel_n who_o also_o short_o after_o submit_v to_o he_o he_o draw_v up_o his_o army_n to_o the_o march_n intend_v to_o be_v revenge_v upon_o the_o earl_n of_o clare_n and_o hereford_n john_n de_fw-fr monmouth_n roger_n de_fw-fr monte_fw-fr alto_fw-mi and_o other_o who_o injure_v and_o oppress_v his_o people_n with_o who_o he_o fight_v divers_a time_n and_o with_o various_a success_n a.d._n 1245_o but_o in_o the_o lent-time_n next_o year_n the_o marcher_n and_o the_o welsh_a meet_v near_o montgomery_n between_o who_o be_v fight_v a_o very_a severe_a battle_n the_o governor_n of_o that_o castle_n be_v general_n of_o the_o english_a and_o have_v â—unningly_o place_v a_o ambuscade_n of_o man_n pretend_a â—fter_o some_o short_a engagement_n to_o flee_v who_o the_o welsh_a dare_o pursue_v not_o think_v of_o any_o treachery_n bat_n as_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v past_o the_o ambushment_n â—p_n rise_v a_o unexpected_a party_n of_o man_n who_o fall_v upâ—n_v the_o back_n of_o the_o welsh_a put_v they_o to_o a_o very_a great_a â—isorder_n and_o kill_v about_o three_o hundred_o
to_o gruffydh_fw-mi invite_v the_o king_n of_o england_n to_o come_v to_o invade_v theiâ—_n country_n and_o to_o correct_v the_o unnatural_a enmity_n theiâ—_n prince_n express_v to_o his_o brother_n but_o when_o all_o difference_n be_v over_o the_o king_n of_o england_n return_v with_o his_o army_n shameful_o back_o and_o the_o prince_n anâ—_n his_o nobility_n reconcile_v the_o welsh_a may_v have_v expect_v a_o very_a happy_a time_n of_o it_o have_v not_o death_n take_v the_o prince_n so_o unnatural_o away_o before_o he_o have_v well_o know_v what_o a_o peaceful_a reign_n be_v lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi â—rince_n david_n be_v dead_a the_o principality_n of_o 〈◊〉_d north_n wales_n legal_o descend_v to_o sir_n ralph_n morâ—â—â—er_n in_o right_a of_o his_o wife_n gladys_n daughter_n to_o â—â—â—welyn_n ap_fw-mi jorwerth_n but_o the_o welsh_a nobility_n beâ—â—â—_n assemble_v together_o for_o the_o elect_n and_o nominate_v a_o successor_n think_v it_o by_o no_o mean_n advisaâ—â—â—_n to_o admit_v a_o stranger_n to_o the_o crown_n though_o his_o â—â—de_n be_v never_o so_o lawful_a and_o especial_o a_o engâ—â—â—â—man_n by_o who_o obligation_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o engâ—â—â—d_n they_o must_v of_o necessity_n expect_v to_o become_v subâ—â—â—s_n or_o rather_o slave_n to_o the_o english_a government_n â—herefore_o they_o unanimous_o agree_v to_o set_v up_o lheâ—â—â—yn_n and_o owen_n goch_n the_o son_n of_o gruffydh_n a_o base_a 〈◊〉_d of_o lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi jorwerth_n and_o brother_n to_o prince_n â—â—vid_v who_o be_v send_v for_o and_o appear_v before_o the_o assembly_n all_o the_o noble_n and_o baron_n then_o present_a 〈◊〉_d they_o homage_n and_o receive_v they_o for_o their_o soâ—â—â—eigns_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o king_n of_o england_n understand_v of_o the_o death_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n he_o â—â—ought_v the_o country_n be_v in_o a_o unsettled_a and_o waâ—â—ring_a condition_n he_o may_v effect_v great_a matter_n there_o use_v therefore_o he_o send_v one_o nicholas_n de_fw-fr miles_n to_o south-wales_a with_o the_o title_n of_o justice_n of_o that_o country_n â—â—th_v who_o he_o join_v in_o commission_n meredith_n ap_fw-mi â—â—ys_v gryc_a and_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi owen_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi 〈◊〉_d eject_v and_o disinherit_v maelgon_n fychan_n of_o all_o his_o â—ands_n and_o estate_n in_o south-wales_n the_o like_a injurious_a practice_n be_v commit_v against_o howel_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n â—ho_fw-mi be_v forcible_o rob_v of_o all_o his_o estate_n in_o glamorâ—â—n_n by_o the_o earl_n of_o clare_n these_o unreasonable_a exâ—â—tions_n be_v insupportable_a maelgon_n and_o howel_n make_v â—â—own_v their_o grievance_n to_o the_o prince_n of_o north-wales_n desire_v their_o succour_n and_o assistance_n for_o the_o recovery_n â—f_fw-mi their_o lawful_a inheritance_n from_o the_o encroachment_n of_o the_o english_a but_o the_o king_n of_o england_n understand_v their_o design_n lead_v his_o army_n into_o wales_n 〈◊〉_d on_o who_o arrival_n the_o welsh_a withdraw_v themselves_o to_o snowden-hill_n where_o they_o so_o tire_v the_o englâ—â—â—_n army_n that_o the_o king_n find_v he_o can_v do_v no_o goâ—â—_n after_o some_o stay_n there_o return_v back_o to_o england_n wiâ—â—_n in_o a_o while_n after_o ralph_n mortimer_n the_o husband_n gladys_n dhu_n die_v leave_v his_o whole_a estate_n and_o wâ—â—_n it_o a_o lawful_a title_n to_o the_o principality_n of_o north-wales_a to_o his_o son_n sir_n roger_n mortimer_n a.d._n 1247_o the_o next_o year_n nothing_o memorable_a pass_v between_o the_o english_a and_o the_o welsh_a 739._o m._n paris_n p._n 739._o only_o the_o dismal_a effect_n the_o last_o year_n expedition_n be_v not_o wear_v off_o 〈◊〉_d ground_n be_v uncapable_a of_o cultivation_n and_o the_o câ—â—â—tel_n be_v in_o great_a measure_n destroy_v by_o the_o englâ—â—â—_n occasion_v great_a poverty_n and_o want_n in_o the_o countâ—â—_n but_o the_o great_a calamity_n befall_v the_o bishop_n s._n asâ—â—â—_n and_o bangor_n be_v destroy_v and_o burn_v by_o the_o english_a the_o bishop_n thereof_o be_v reduce_v to_o that_o utmost_a extremity_n as_o to_o get_v their_o subsistence_n by_o other_o meâ—â—_n charity_n the_o bishop_n also_o of_o s._n david_n decease_a aâ—â—_n he_o of_o landaff_n have_v the_o misfortune_n to_o fall_v blind_a 〈◊〉_d the_o bishopric_n of_o s._n david_n succeed_v thomas_n sâ—â—â—â—_n name_v wallensis_n by_o reason_n that_o he_o be_v bear_v in_o walâ—â—_n who_o think_v himself_o oblige_v to_o benefit_v his_o own_o coâ—â—try_n what_o lie_v in_o his_o power_n desire_v to_o be_v advance_v from_o the_o archdeaconry_n of_o lincoln_n to_o that_o sea_n whicâ—_n the_o king_n easy_o grant_v and_o confirm_v he_o in_o 〈◊〉_d a.d._n 1248_o the_o next_o summer_n prove_v somewhat_o more_o favourablâ—_n to_o the_o welsh_a rhys_n fychan_n son_n to_o rhys_n mechyl_n woâ—_n from_o the_o english_a the_o castle_n of_o carrec_n cynnen_n which_o his_o unkind_a mother_n out_o of_o malice_n or_o some_o ill_a opinion_n entertain_v of_o he_o have_v some_o time_n afore_o private_o deliver_v up_o to_o they_o and_o about_o the_o saâ—â—_n time_n the_o body_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi lhewelyn_n base_n son_n 〈◊〉_d lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi jorwerth_n be_v recover_v from_o the_o king_n oâ—_n england_n by_o the_o earnest_a solicitation_n of_o the_o abboâ—â—_n of_o conwey_n and_o ystratflur_n who_o convey_v it_o to_o conwey_n bestow_v upon_o it_o a_o very_a pompous_a and_o honourable_a innterment_n after_o this_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o welsh_a proceed_v a.d._n 1255_o peaceable_o for_o a_o long_a while_n and_o the_o country_n have_v sufficient_a opportunity_n to_o recover_v its_o former_a plenty_n but_o 〈◊〉_d last_o to_o make_v good_a the_o proverb_n that_o plenty_n beget_v â—â—ar_a they_o begin_v for_o want_v of_o a_o foreign_a enemy_n to_o â—â—arrel_v and_o fall_v out_o among_o themselves_o owen_n be_v too_o â—â—gh_a and_o ambitious_a to_o be_v satisfy_v with_o half_a the_o prinpality_n and_o therefore_o must_v needs_o have_v a_o fling_n at_o the_o â—hole_a wherein_o fortune_n so_o far_o deceive_v he_o that_o he_o â—â—st_n his_o own_o stake_n as_o will_v afterward_o appear_v but_o â—â—e_v better_a to_o encompass_v his_o design_n by_o sly_a insinuaâ—â—ons_n he_o persuade_v david_n his_o young_a brother_n to_o seâ—â—nd_v his_o cause_n and_o they_o with_o joint_a interest_n levy_v â—â—eir_n power_n with_o intention_n to_o dethrone_v their_o elder_a â—â—other_n lhewelyn_n but_o that_o be_v no_o easy_a matter_n 〈◊〉_d lhewelyn_n be_v prepare_v to_o receive_v they_o and_o with_o puissant_a army_n meet_v they_o in_o the_o field_n and_o so_o be_v â—â—â—olved_v to_o venture_v all_o upon_o the_o fortune_n of_o a_o battle_n 〈◊〉_d be_v strange_a and_o grievous_a to_o behold_v this_o unnatural_a â—ivil_a war_n and_o the_o more_o grievous_a now_o by_o reason_n â—â—at_v it_o so_o manifest_o weaken_v the_o strength_n of_o the_o welsh_a to_o withstand_v the_o incursion_n of_o the_o english_a â—ho_fw-mi be_v extreme_o please_v with_o so_o fair_a a_o opportunity_n to_o fall_v upon_o they_o but_o they_o be_v too_o far_o enâ—â—ged_v to_o consider_v of_o future_a inconvenience_n and_o a_o â—â—yal_a of_o war_n they_o must_v have_v though_o the_o englishâ—ere_v â—ere_z ready_a to_o fall_v upon_o both_o army_n the_o battle_n â—eing_v join_v the_o day_n prove_v bloody_a of_o both_o side_n â—nd_v whether_o be_v like_a to_o conquer_v be_v not_o present_o discover_v till_o at_o length_n owen_n begin_v to_o give_v â—round_n and_o in_o fine_a be_v overthrow_v himself_o and_o his_o â—rother_n david_n be_v take_v prisoner_n lhewelyn_n â—â—ough_o he_o have_v sufficient_a reason_n will_v not_o put_v his_o â—rothers_n to_o death_n but_o commit_v they_o into_o close_a prison_n seize_v all_o their_o estate_n into_o his_o own_o hand_n â—nd_v so_o enjoy_v the_o whole_a principality_n of_o wales_n the_o english_a see_v the_o welsh_a at_o this_o rate_n oppress_v â—nd_n destroy_v one_o another_o think_v they_o have_v full_a liberty_n to_o deal_v with_o they_o as_o they_o please_v and_o thereupon_o begin_v to_o exercise_v all_o manner_n of_o wrong_n and_o injustice_n against_o they_o insomuch_o that_o the_o next_o year_n all_o a.d._n 1256_o the_o lord_n of_o wales_n come_v in_o a_o body_n to_o prince_n lhewelyn_n and_o declare_v their_o grievance_n how_o unmerciful_o prince_n edward_n who_o his_o father_n have_v send_v to_o wales_n and_z other_o of_o the_o nobility_n of_o england_n deal_n with_o they_o how_o without_o any_o colour_n of_o justice_n they_o seize_v upon_o their_o estate_n without_o any_o room_n for_o appeal_n whereas_o if_o themselves_o offend_v in_o the_o least_o they_o be_v punish_v to_o the_o utmost_a extremity_n in_o fine_a they_o solemn_o declare_v that_o they_o prefer_v to_o die_v honourable_o in_o the_o field_n before_o to_o be_v so_o unmerciful_o enslave_v to_o the_o will_n and_o pleasure_n of_o stranger_n prince_n lhewelyn_n be_v not_o a_o stranger_n to_o all_o this_o and_o now_o have_v happy_o discover_v the_o bent_n and_o inclination_n of_o his_o subject_n be_v resolve_v to_o prosecute_v if_o possible_a the_o expulsion_n of_o
the_o english_a and_o to_o be_v revenge_v upon_o they_o for_o their_o most_o cruel_a and_o almost_o inhuman_a practice_n towards_o the_o welsh_a have_v therefore_o draw_v all_o his_o power_n together_o be_v accompany_v by_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi rhys_n gryc_a in_o the_o space_n of_o one_o week_n he_o recover_v out_o of_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o english_a all_o the_o inland_n country_n of_o north-wales_n and_o then_o all_o merionyth_n with_o such_o land_n as_o prince_n edward_n have_v usurp_v in_o cardigan_n which_o he_o bestow_v upon_o meredith_n the_o son_n of_o owen_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi have_v also_o force_v rhys_n fychan_n out_o of_o buelht_n he_o confer_v it_o upon_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi rhys_n and_o in_o like_a manner_n bestow_v all_o the_o land_n which_o he_o recover_v between_o his_o noble_n reserve_v nothing_o to_o his_o own_o use_n beside_o gwerthryneon_n the_o a.d._n 1257_o estate_n of_o sir_n roger_n mortimer_n the_o next_o summer_n he_o enter_v into_o powy_n and_o make_v war_n against_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi gwenwynwyn_n who_o always_o have_v take_v part_n with_o and_o own_a subjection_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n which_o he_o total_o overcome_v except_v the_o castle_n of_o poole_n some_o small_a part_n of_o caerneon_n and_o the_o country_n lie_v upon_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o severn_n but_o rhys_n fychan_n be_v not_o satisfy_v with_o the_o loss_n of_o buelht_n and_o therefore_o be_v resolve_v to_o try_v ro_o recover_v it_o to_o which_o end_n he_o go_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n of_o who_o he_o obtain_v a_o very_a strong_a army_n command_v by_o one_o stephen_n bacon_n which_o be_v send_v by_o sea_n land_v at_o caermardhyn_n in_o the_o whitsun-week_n from_o thence_o the_o english_a march_v to_o dynefawr_n and_o lay_v siege_n to_o the_o castle_n which_o valiant_o hold_v out_o until_o lhewelyn_n army_n come_v to_o its_o relief_n upon_o the_o arrival_n of_o the_o welsh_a the_o english_a decamp_v from_o before_o the_o castle_n and_o put_v themselves_o in_o posture_n of_o battle_n which_o the_o welsh_a perceive_v they_o make_v all_o haste_n to_o answer_v and_o oppose_v they_o whereupon_o there_o ensue_v a_o very_a terrible_a engagement_n which_o last_v a_o very_a long_a while_n this_o be_v for_o number_n of_o man_n the_o great_a battle_n that_o have_v be_v fight_v between_o the_o english_a and_o the_o welsh_a but_o the_o victory_n favour_v the_o welsh_a the_o englishman_n be_v at_o length_n force_v to_o fly_v have_v lose_v above_o two_o thousand_o man_n beside_o several_a baron_n and_o knight_n who_o be_v take_v prisoner_n after_o this_o the_o prince_n army_n pass_v to_o dyfed_a where_o have_v burn_v all_o the_o country_n and_o destroy_v the_o castle_n of_o abercorran_n lhanstephan_n maenclochoc_n and_o arberth_n with_o all_o the_o town_n thereunto_o belong_v return_v to_o north-wales_n with_o much_o spoil_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o be_v arrive_v great_a complaint_n be_v exhibit_v to_o prince_n lhewelyn_n against_o jeffrey_n langley_n lieutenant_n to_o edward_n earl_n of_o chester_n who_o without_o any_o regard_n to_o equity_n and_o conscience_n most_o wrongful_o oppress_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o wales_n under_o his_o jurisdiction_n whereupon_o the_o prince_n to_o punish_v the_o master_n for_o the_o servant_n fault_n enter_v with_o some_o part_n of_o his_o army_n into_o the_o earl_n estate_n burn_v and_o destroy_v all_o his_o country_n on_o both_o side_n the_o river_n dee_fw-mi to_o the_o gate_n of_o chester_n edward_n have_v no_o power_n at_o present_a to_o oppose_v he_o but_o be_v resolve_v to_o be_v revenge_v upon_o the_o welsh_a with_o the_o first_o opportunity_n he_o desire_v aid_n of_o his_o uncle_n than_o choose_v king_n of_o the_o roman_n who_o send_v he_o a_o strong_a detachment_n with_o which_o he_o purpose_v to_o give_v prince_n lhewelyn_n battle_n but_o find_v he_o too_o strong_a he_o think_v it_o more_o advisable_a to_o desist_v from_o hostility_n the_o prince_n army_n consist_v of_o ten_o thousand_o experience_a man_n who_o be_v oblige_v by_o oath_n rather_o all_o to_o die_v in_o the_o field_n than_o suffer_v the_o english_a to_o gain_v any_o advantage_n over_o the_o welsh_a but_o gruffydh_n ap_fw-mi madoc_n maelor_n lord_n of_o dinas_n brân_n a_o person_n of_o notorious_a reputation_n for_o injustice_n and_o oppression_n base_o forsake_v the_o welch_a his_o countryman_n and_o with_o all_o his_o force_n go_v over_o to_o the_o earl_n of_o chester_n a.d._n 1258_o the_o next_o year_n prince_n lhewelyn_n pass_v to_o south-wales_n and_o seize_v into_o his_o hand_n the_o land_n of_o cemaes_n and_o have_v reconcile_v the_o difference_n betwixt_o rhys_n gryg_n and_o rhys_n fychan_n he_o win_v the_o castle_n of_o trefdraeth_n with_o the_o whole_a country_n of_o rhos_n except_v haverford_n thence_o he_o march_v in_o a_o hostile_a manner_n towards_o glamorgan_n and_o raze_v to_o the_o ground_n the_o castle_n of_o lhangymwch_n and_o then_o return_v to_o north-wales_n he_o meet_v by_o the_o way_n with_o edward_n earl_n of_o chester_n who_o he_o force_v precipitous_o to_o return_v back_o but_o before_o he_o will_v put_v a_o end_n to_o this_o expedition_n he_o must_v needs_o be_v revenge_v upon_o that_o ungrateful_a fugitive_a gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi madoc_n maelor_n and_o thereupon_o pass_v through_o bromfield_n he_o miserable_o lay_v waste_v the_o whole_a country_n upon_o this_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o scotland_n send_v to_o lhewelyn_n require_v he_o to_o cease_v from_o hostility_n and_o after_o that_o unmerciful_a manner_n to_o devour_v and_o forcible_o to_o take_v away_o other_o man_n estate_n the_o prince_n be_v not_o over_o solicitous_a to_o hearken_v to_o their_o request_n but_o find_v the_o time_n of_o the_o year_n very_o seasonable_a for_o action_n against_o the_o english_a he_o divide_v his_o army_n into_o two_o battle_n each_o of_o these_o consist_v of_o 1500_o foot_n and_o 500_o horse_n with_o which_o he_o purpose_v to_o enlarge_v his_o conquest_n edward_n earl_n of_o chester_n to_o prevent_v the_o blow_n which_o so_o desperate_o hang_v over_o his_o head_n send_v over_o for_o succour_n from_o ireland_n of_o who_o come_v prince_n lhewelyn_n be_v certify_v man_v out_o a_o fleet_n to_o intercept_v they_o which_o meet_v with_o the_o irish_a at_o sea_n after_o a_o sharp_a dispute_n force_v they_o to_o return_v back_o with_o loss_n king_n henry_n be_v acquaint_v with_o the_o miscarriage_n of_o the_o irish_a resolve_v to_o come_v in_o person_n against_o the_o welsh_a and_o have_v draw_v together_o the_o whole_a strength_n of_o england_n even_o from_o st._n michael_n mount_n in_o cornwall_n to_o the_o river_n tweed_n march_v with_o his_o son_n edward_n in_o a_o great_a rage_n to_o north-wales_n and_o without_o any_o opposition_n advance_v as_o far_o as_o teganwy_n but_o the_o prince_n have_v stop_v his_o far_a progress_n and_o prevent_v any_o long_a stay_n he_o can_v make_v in_o wales_n have_v before_o hand_n cause_v all_o manner_n of_o provision_n and_o forage_v to_o be_v carry_v over_o the_o river_n and_o then_o secure_v the_o strait_a and_o narrow_a passage_n whereby_o the_o english_a may_v get_v on_o far_a into_o the_o country_n the_o army_n be_v in_o a_o short_a time_n so_o mortal_o fatigue_v that_o the_o king_n for_o want_v of_o necessary_a subsistance_n be_v force_v to_o retire_v in_o haste_n to_o england_n with_o considerable_a loss_n the_o prince_n after_o that_o send_n for_o all_o the_o force_n in_o south-wales_n come_v to_o the_o march_n where_o gruffydh_n lord_n of_o bromfield_n find_v that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v not_o able_a to_o defend_v his_o estate_n yield_v himself_o up_o and_o then_o pass_v to_o powy_n he_o banish_v gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi gwenwynwyn_n and_o take_v all_o the_o land_n in_o the_o country_n into_o his_o hand_n proceed_v far_o he_o be_v encounter_v with_o by_o gilbert_n de_fw-fr clare_n earl_n of_o gloucester_n who_o with_o a_o choice_a party_n of_o english_a give_v he_o battle_n but_o lhewelyn_n army_n exceed_v both_o in_o number_n and_o courage_n easy_o vanquish_v and_o overcome_v the_o english_a and_o so_o the_o victory_n be_v quick_o obtain_v the_o prince_n present_o reduce_v to_o his_o power_n all_o the_o castle_n belong_v to_o the_o earl_n of_o gloucester_n king_n henry_n hear_v of_o the_o earl_n overthrow_n be_v much_o concern_v at_o the_o loss_n of_o so_o many_o brave_a soldier_n in_o who_o valour_n and_o experience_n he_o always_o put_v a_o very_a great_a confidence_n and_o therefore_o to_o revenge_v their_o death_n he_o be_v again_o resolve_v to_o march_v against_o the_o welsh_a have_v call_v his_o force_n together_o and_o receive_v supply_v from_o gascoign_n and_o ireland_n he_o come_v to_o wales_n but_o not_o dare_v to_o venture_v far_o into_o the_o country_n for_o fear_v of_o be_v force_v to_o make_v another_o shameful_a retreat_n he_o only_o destroy_v the_o corn_n near_o the_o border_n it_o be_v harvest_n
time_n and_o so_o return_v to_o england_n but_o lord_n james_n audley_n who_o daughter_n be_v marry_v to_o gruffydh_n lord_n of_o bromfield_n do_v more_o mischief_n and_o hurt_n to_o the_o welsh_a who_o have_v bring_v over_o a_o great_a number_n of_o horseman_n from_o germany_n to_o serve_v against_o the_o welsh_a so_o terrify_v they_o with_o the_o unusual_a largeness_n of_o the_o horse_n and_o the_o unaccustomed_a manner_n of_o sight_v that_o in_o the_o first_o encounter_v the_o welsh_a be_v easy_o overcome_v buâ—_n mind_v to_o revenge_v this_o disgrace_n and_o withal_o be_v better_o acquaint_v with_o their_o method_n of_o arm_n the_o welsh_a in_o a_o little_a after_o make_v inroad_n into_o the_o lord_n audley_n land_n where_o the_o german_n present_o set_v upon_o they_o and_o pursue_v they_o to_o certain_a strait_n which_o the_o welsh_a discover_v for_o a_o politic_a retreat_n the_o german_n think_v they_o have_v entire_o drive_v the_o welsh_a away_o return_v careless_o back_o but_o be_v set_v upon_o of_o the_o sudden_a without_o any_o thought_n of_o a_o enemy_n behind_o they_o be_v all_o in_o a_o manner_n slay_v by_o the_o rally_a welch_n this_o year_n a_o very_a great_a scarcity_n of_o beef_n and_o horse_n happen_v in_o england_n whereof_o several_a thousand_o yearly_a be_v supply_v out_o of_o wales_n by_o reason_n of_o which_o the_o march_n be_v perfect_o rob_v of_o all_o their_o breed_n and_o not_o so_o much_o as_o a_o beast_n to_o be_v see_v in_o all_o the_o border_n a.d._n 1259_o the_o next_o spring_n all_o the_o nobility_n of_o wales_n convene_v together_o and_o take_v their_o mutual_a oath_n to_o defend_v their_o country_n to_o death_n against_o the_o oppress_a invasion_n of_o the_o english_a and_o not_o to_o relinquish_v and_o forsake_v one_o another_o upon_o pain_n of_o perjury_n though_o notwithstanding_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi rhys_n of_o south-wales_n violate_v this_o agreement_n and_o put_v himself_o in_o the_o service_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n 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without_o any_o suspicion_n of_o treachery_n send_v meredith_n ap_fw-mi owen_n and_o rhys_n ap_fw-mi rhys_n to_o emlyn_n if_o possible_a to_o conclude_v the_o same_o but_o patrick_n mean_v no_o such_o thing_n lay_v a_o ambuscade_n for_o the_o welsh_a who_o come_v honest_o forward_o be_v by_o the_o way_n villanous_o set_v upon_o by_o the_o english_a and_o a_o great_a many_o slay_v but_o those_o that_o happy_o escape_v call_v up_o the_o country_n present_o give_v chase_v to_o patrick_n and_o his_o accomplice_n who_o be_v at_o length_n overtake_v be_v almost_o all_o put_v to_o the_o sword_n but_o prince_n lhewelyn_n be_v now_o altogether_o bend_v upon_o a_o peace_n and_o do_v not_o only_o desire_v it_o but_o be_v willing_a to_o purchase_v it_o for_o a_o sum_n of_o money_n to_o which_o purpose_n he_o offer_v to_o give_v the_o king_n 4000_o mark_n to_o his_o son_n 300_o and_o 200_o to_o the_o queen_n which_o the_o king_n utter_o refuse_v reply_v that_o it_o be_v not_o a_o sufficient_a 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the_o king_n of_o england_n quarrel_n have_v forcible_o dispossess_v he_o of_o all_o buelht_n and_o without_o any_o opposition_n take_v the_o castle_n where_o be_v find_v a_o plentiful_a magazine_n he_o march_v through_o all_o south-wales_n confirm_v his_o conquest_n and_o afterward_o return_v to_o his_o palace_n at_o aber_n a.d._n 1261_o betwixt_o bangor_n and_o conwey_n the_o year_n follow_v a.d._n 1262_o owen_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n lord_n of_o cydewen_n die_v but_o the_o next_o summer_n be_v somewhat_o more_o note_v for_o action_n a_o party_n of_o prince_n lhewelyn_n man_n take_v by_o surprise_v the_o castle_n of_o melienyth_n belong_v to_o sir_n roger_n mortimer_n and_o have_a put_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o garrison_n to_o the_o sword_n they_o take_v howel_n ap_fw-mi meyric_n the_o governor_n with_o his_o wife_n and_o child_n prisoner_n and_o after_o that_o the_o castle_n be_v demolish_v by_o the_o prince_n order_n sir_n roger_n mortimer_n hear_v of_o this_o with_o a_o great_a body_n 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wales_n king_n edward_n by_o a_o statute_n make_v at_o ruthlan_n incorporate_v and_o annex_v it_o to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n i._n anno_fw-la 12._o edw._n i._n constitute_v several_a new_a and_o wholesome_a law_n as_o concern_v the_o division_n of_o wales_n into_o several_a county_n the_o form_n and_o manner_n of_o writ_n and_o proceed_n in_o trial_n with_o many_o other_o not_o very_o unlike_a the_o law_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o english_a nation_n but_o all_o this_o can_v never_o win_v the_o affection_n of_o the_o welsh_a towards_o he_o who_o by_o no_o mean_n will_v own_v he_o as_o their_o sovereign_n unless_o he_o will_v condescend_v and_o agree_v to_o live_v and_o reign_v among_o they_o they_o have_v not_o forget_v the_o cruel_a oppression_n and_o intolerable_a insolence_n oâ—_n english_a officer_n and_o therefore_o they_o flat_o tell_v he_o they_o will_v never_o yield_v obedience_n to_o any_o other_o than_o a_o prince_n of_o their_o own_o nation_n of_o their_o own_o 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â—is_n own_o devotion_n begin_v to_o reward_v his_o follower_n with_o other_o man_n propriety_n and_o bestow_v whole_a lordship_n and_o town_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o country_n â—pon_o english_a lord_n among_o who_o henry_n lacie_n earl_n of_o lineoln_n obtain_v the_o lordship_n of_o denbigh_n reginald_n grey_n second_o son_n to_o john_n lord_n grey_n of_o wilton_n the_o lordship_n of_o ruthyn_n this_o henry_n lacie_n be_v son_n to_o edmund_n lacie_n the_o son_n of_o john_n lacie_n lord_n of_o halton_n pomfret_n and_o constable_n of_o chester_n who_o marry_v margaret_n the_o elder_a daughter_n and_o one_o of_o the_o heir_n of_o robert_n quincy_n earl_n of_o lincoln_n this_o henry_n lacie_n lord_n of_o denbigh_n marry_v the_o daughter_n and_o sole_a heir_n of_o william_n longspear_n earl_n of_o salusbury_n by_o who_o he_o have_v issue_n two_o son_n edmund_n and_o john_n who_o both_o die_v young_a one_o by_o a_o fall_n into_o a_o very_a deep_a well_o within_o the_o castle_n of_o 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and_o may_v be_v to_o their_o great_a oppression_n in_o those_o right_n which_o they_o have_v purchase_v and_o hitherto_o enjoy_v with_o their_o estate_n and_o also_o on_o occasion_n of_o great_a vexation_n to_o many_o of_o your_o majesty_n subject_n who_o have_v long_o have_v the_o absolute_a inheritance_n of_o several_a land_n comprehend_v in_o the_o say_a grant_n to_o the_o earl_n of_o portland_n by_o ancient_a grant_n from_o the_o crown_n his_o majesty_n answer_n gentleman_n i_o have_v kindness_n for_o my_o lord_n portland_n which_o he_o have_v deserve_v of_o i_o by_o long_a and_o faithful_a service_n but_o i_o shall_v not_o have_v give_v he_o these_o land_n if_o i_o have_v imagine_v the_o house_n of_o commons_o can_v have_v be_v concern_v i_o will_v therefore_o recall_v the_o grant_n and_o find_v some_o other_o way_n of_o show_v my_o favour_n to_o he_o the_o lordship_n of_o ruthyn_n continue_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o grays_n till_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n vii_o 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and_o go_v against_o sir_n rhy_n who_o army_n he_o quick_o disperse_v and_o overthrow_v his_o castle_n of_o drefolan_n but_o not_o without_o the_o loss_n of_o some_o of_o his_o chief_a men._n for_o as_o they_o besiege_v and_o undermine_v the_o say_a castle_n the_o wall_n unexpected_o fall_v down_o by_o which_o unlucky_a accident_n several_a of_o the_o english_a be_v oppress_v and_o bruise_v to_o death_n among_o who_o be_v the_o lord_n strafford_n and_o the_o lord_n william_n de_fw-fr monchency_n but_o within_o a_o while_n after_o robert_z tiptost_a lord_n deputy_n of_o wales_n raise_v a_o very_a powerful_a army_n against_o sir_n rhys_n and_o after_o a_o slaughter_n of_o 4000_o of_o the_o welsh_a take_v he_o prisoner_n who_o the_o michaelmas_n follow_v at_o the_o king_n be_v go_v to_o scotland_n be_v condemn_v and_o execute_v at_o york_n a.d._n 1293_o but_o the_o death_n of_o sir_n rhys_n do_v not_o put_v a_o final_a period_n to_o all_o the_o quarrel_n betwixt_o the_o english_a and_o welsh_a for_o in_o a_o short_a time_n after_o there_o happen_v a_o new_a occasion_n for_o the_o welsh_a to_o murmur_v against_o and_o upbraid_v the_o government_n of_o the_o english_a over_o they_o king_n edward_n be_v now_o in_o actual_a enmity_n and_o war_n with_o the_o king_n of_o france_n for_o the_o carry_v on_o of_o which_o he_o want_v a_o liberal_a subsidy_n and_o supply_n from_o his_o subject_n this_o tax_n be_v with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o passion_n and_o reluctancy_n levy_v in_o divers_a place_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o more_o especial_o in_o wales_n the_o welsh_a being_n never_o acquaint_v with_o such_o large_a contribution_n before_o a.d._n 1294_o violent_o storm_v and_o exclaim_v against_o it_o but_o not_o be_v satisfy_v with_o villify_a the_o king_n command_n they_o take_v their_o own_o captain_n roger_n de_fw-fr puelesdon_n who_o be_v appoint_v collector_n of_o the_o say_a subsidy_n and_o hang_v he_o up_o together_o with_o divers_z other_o who_o abet_v the_o collect_v of_o the_o tax_n then_o west-wales_n man_n choose_v maelgon_n fychan_n for_o their_o captain_n and_o so_o enter_v into_o caermardhyn_n and_o pembroke-shire_n they_o cruel_o harass_v all_o the_o land_n that_o belong_v to_o the_o english_a and_o then_o return_v lade_v with_o considerable_a booty_n the_o glamorgan-shire_n man_n and_o they_o towards_o the_o south_n part_n choose_v one_o morgan_n for_o their_o leader_n and_o set_v upon_o the_o earl_n of_o gloucester_n who_o they_o force_v to_o make_v his_o escape_n out_o of_o the_o country_n and_o so_o morgan_n be_v put_v in_o possession_n of_o those_o land_n which_o the_o ancestor_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o gloucester_n have_v forcible_o take_v away_o from_o morgan_n forefather_n on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o north-wales_n man_n set_v up_o one_o madoc_n relate_v to_o the_o last_o lhewelyn_n slay_v at_o buelht_n who_o have_v draw_v together_o a_o great_a number_n of_o man_n come_v to_o caernarvon_n and_o set_v upon_o the_o english_a who_o in_o great_a multitude_n have_v then_o resort_v thither_o to_o a_o fair_a slay_v a_o great_a many_o and_o afterward_o spoil_v and_o ransack_v the_o whole_a town_n king_n edward_n be_v acquaint_v with_o these_o different_a insurrection_n and_o rebellion_n in_o wales_n and_o desirous_a to_o quell_v the_o pride_n and_o stubborness_n of_o the_o welsh_a but_o most_o of_o all_o to_o revenge_v the_o death_n of_o his_o great_a favourite_n roger_n de_fw-fr pulesdon_n recall_v his_o brother_n edmund_n earl_n of_o lancaster_n and_o henry_n lacie_n earl_n of_o lincoln_n and_o lord_n of_o denbigh_n who_o with_o a_o considerable_a army_n be_v ready_a to_o embark_v for_o gascoign_n and_o countermand_v they_o into_o wales_n be_v arrive_v there_o they_o pass_v quiet_o forward_a till_o they_o come_v to_o denbigh_n and_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o draw_v near_o unto_o the_o castle_n upon_o st._n martin_n day_n the_o welsh_a
with_o great_a fury_n and_o courage_n face_v they_o and_o join_v battle_n force_v they_o back_o with_o a_o very_a considerable_a loss_n polydore_v virgil_n say_v but_o upon_o what_o authority_n be_v not_o know_v that_o the_o welsh_a obtain_v this_o victory_n rather_o upon_o the_o account_n that_o the_o english_a army_n be_v hire_v with_o such_o money_n as_o have_v be_v wrongful_o take_v out_o of_o the_o abbey_n and_o other_o religious_a place_n so_o that_o it_o be_v a_o judgement_n from_o above_o more_o than_o the_o force_n of_o the_o welsh_a that_o overcome_v the_o english_a army_n but_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o it_o what_o it_o will_v it_o be_v certain_a the_o english_a be_v vanquish_v upon_o which_o account_n king_n edward_n come_v in_o person_n to_o wales_n and_o keep_v his_o christmas_n at_o aberconwey_n where_o robert_n winchelsey_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n be_v return_v from_o rome_n come_v to_o he_o and_o have_v do_v homage_n return_v honourable_o again_o to_o england_n but_o as_o the_o king_n advance_v far_o into_o the_o country_n have_v but_o one_o part_n of_o his_o army_n with_o he_o the_o welsh_a set_v upon_o and_o take_v most_o of_o his_o carriage_n which_o contain_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o victual_n and_o provision_n so_o that_o the_o king_n with_o all_o his_o follower_n be_v constrain_v to_o endure_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o hardship_n in_o so_o much_o that_o at_o last_o water_n mix_v with_o honey_n and_o very_a course_n and_o ordinary_a bread_n with_o the_o salt_a meat_n be_v account_v the_o great_a delicacy_n for_o his_o majesty_n be_v own_o table_n but_o their_o misery_n be_v like_a to_o be_v great_a have_v not_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o army_n come_v in_o time_n because_o the_o welsh_a have_v encompass_v the_o king_n round_o in_o hope_n to_o reduce_v he_o to_o the_o utmost_a distress_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o water_n be_v so_o rise_v that_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o army_n can_v not_o get_v to_o he_o but_o the_o water_n within_o some_o time_n after_o abate_v the_o remainder_n of_o the_o army_n come_v in_o whereupon_o the_o welsh_a present_o retire_v and_o make_v their_o escape_n one_o thing_n be_v very_o remarkable_a of_o king_n edward_n during_o his_o distress_n at_o snowden_n that_o when_o the_o army_n be_v reduce_v to_o very_o great_a extremity_n a_o small_a quantity_n of_o wine_n be_v find_v which_o they_o think_v to_o reserve_v for_o the_o king_n be_v own_o use_n but_o he_o to_o prevent_v any_o discontent_n which_o may_v thereupon_o be_v raise_v in_o his_o soldier_n absolute_o refuse_v to_o taste_v thereof_o tell_v they_o that_o in_o time_n of_o necessity_n all_o thing_n shall_v be_v common_a and_o as_o he_o be_v the_o cause_n and_o author_n of_o thâ—ir_a distress_n he_o will_v not_o be_v prefer_v before_o they_o in_o his_o diet._n but_o whilst_o the_o king_n remain_v in_o snowden_n the_o earl_n of_o warwick_n be_v inform_v that_o a_o great_a number_n of_o welch_n be_v assemble_v and_o have_v lodge_v themselves_o â—n_o a_o certain_a valley_n betwixt_o two_o wood_n choose_v out_o a_o troop_n of_o horse_n together_o with_o some_o crossbow_n and_o archer_n and_o set_v upon_o they_o in_o the_o night_n time_n the_o welsh_a be_v thus_o surprise_v and_o unexpected_o encompass_v about_o by_o their_o enemy_n make_v the_o best_a they_o can_v to_o oppose_v they_o and_o so_o pitch_v their_o spear_n in_o the_o ground_n and_o direct_v the_o point_n towards_o their_o enemy_n endeavour_v by_o such_o mean_n to_o keep_v off_o the_o horse_n but_o the_o earl_n of_o warwick_n have_v order_v his_o battle_n so_o as_o that_o between_o every_o two_o horse_n there_o stand_v a_o cross-bow_n so_o gaul_v the_o welsh_a with_o the_o shot_n of_o the_o quarrel_n that_o the_o spear-man_n fall_v apace_o and_o then_o the_o horse_n break_v easy_o in_o upon_o the_o rest_n bear_v they_o down_o with_o so_o great_a a_o slaughter_n as_o the_o welsh_a have_v never_o receive_v before_o after_o this_o king_n edward_z to_o prevent_v any_o more_o rebellious_a attempt_n of_o the_o welsh_a cut_v down_o all_o the_o wood_n in_o wales_n wherein_o in_o any_o time_n of_o danger_n they_o be_v wont_a to_o hide_v and_o save_v themselves_o and_o for_o a_o far_a security_n he_o repair_v and_o fortify_v all_o the_o castle_n and_o place_n of_o strength_n in_o wales_n and_o build_v the_o castle_n of_o bewmoris_fw-la in_o the_o isle_n of_o anglesey_n and_o so_o have_v put_v all_o thing_n in_o a_o settle_a posture_n and_o punish_v those_o that_o have_v be_v the_o occasion_n of_o the_o death_n of_o roger_n de_fw-fr pulesdon_n he_o return_v with_o his_o army_n into_o england_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o king_n have_v leave_v the_o welsh_a madoc_n who_o as_o it_o be_v say_v before_o be_v choose_v captain_n by_o the_o north-wales_n man_n gather_v some_o force_n together_o and_o come_v to_o oswestry_n which_o present_o yield_v to_o he_o and_o then_o meet_v with_o the_o lord_n strange_a near_o knookine_n who_o with_o a_o detachment_n of_o the_o marcher_n come_v to_o oppose_v he_o give_v he_o battle_n vanquish_v his_o force_n and_o miserable_o ravage_v his_o country_n the_o like_a success_n he_o obtain_v a_o second_o time_n against_o the_o marcher_n but_o at_o last_o they_o bring_v together_o a_o very_a great_a number_n of_o man_n and_o meet_v madoc_n march_v towards_o shâ—ewsbury_n upon_o the_o hill_n of_o cefn_n digolh_n not_o far_o from_o camr_n castle_n where_o after_o a_o bloody_a fight_n on_o both_o side_n madoc_n be_v take_v prisoner_n and_o his_o army_n vanquish_v and_o put_v to_o flight_n then_o he_o be_v send_v to_o london_n and_o there_o sentence_v to_o remain_v in_o perpetual_a imprisonment_n in_o the_o tower_n though_o other_o affirm_v that_o madoc_n be_v never_o take_v but_o that_o after_o several_a adventure_n and_o severe_a conflict_n whereby_o the_o welsh_a be_v reduce_v to_o great_a extremity_n he_o come_v in_o and_o submit_v himself_o to_o the_o king_n who_o receive_v he_o upon_o condition_n he_o will_v not_o desist_v to_o pursue_v morgan_z captain_n of_o the_o glamorgan-shire_n man_n till_o he_o bring_v he_o prisoner_n before_o he_o madoc_n have_v perform_v this_o and_o the_o whole_a country_n be_v peaceable_a and_o undisturbed_a several_a hostage_n from_o the_o chief_a nobility_n of_o wales_n for_o their_o orderly_a and_o quiet_a behaviour_n be_v deliver_v to_o the_o king_n who_o dispose_v of_o they_o into_o divers_a castle_n in_o england_n where_o they_o continue_v in_o safe_a custody_n till_o the_o end_n of_o the_o war_n which_o be_v presently-commencâ—d_a with_o scotland_n a.d._n 1301_o in_o the_o 29_o year_n of_o king_n edward_n reign_n the_o prince_n of_o wales_n come_v down_o to_o chester_n and_o receive_v homage_n of_o all_o the_o freeholders_n in_o wales_n as_o follow_v henry_n earl_n of_o lancaster_n for_o monmouth_n reginald_n grace_n for_o ruthyn_n foulke_n fitzwarren_a for_o his_o land_n the_o lord_n william_n martin_n for_o his_o land_n in_o cemaes_n roger_n mortimer_n for_o his_o land_n in_o wales_n henry_n lacie_n earl_n of_o lincoln_n for_o rhos_n and_o rhyfoneioc_n robert_n lord_n montalt_n for_o his_o land_n and_o gruffydh_n lord_n of_o poole_n for_o the_o lordship_n of_o powy_n at_o the_o same_o time_n pay_v their_o homage_n tudor_n ap_fw-mi grono_n of_o anglesey_n madoc_n ap_fw-mi tudor_n archdeacon_n of_o anglesey_n eineon_n ap_fw-mi howel_n of_o caernarvon_n tudor_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi ednyfe_v gruffydh_fw-mi â—ychan_fw-mi son_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi jorwerth_n madoc_n fychan_n denglfield_n lhewelyn_n bishop_n of_o st._n asaph_n and_z richard_z de_fw-fr pulesdon_n this_o last_o in_o the_o twelve_o year_n of_o king_n edward_n be_v constitute_v sheriff_n of_o caernarvon_n for_o life_n with_o the_o stipend_n of_o forty_o pound_n sterling_a yearly_a at_o the_o same_o place_n gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi tudor_n ithel_n fychan_n ithel_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n with_o many_o more_o do_v their_o homage_n then_o the_o prince_n come_v to_o ruthlan_n where_o the_o lord_n richard_n de_fw-fr sutton_n baron_n of_o malpas_n pay_v homage_n and_o fealty_n for_o the_o say_a barony_n of_o malpas_n thence_o the_o prince_n remove_v to_o conwey_n where_o eineon_n bishop_n of_o bangor_n and_o david_n abbot_n of_o maynan_n do_v their_o homage_n as_o do_v lewis_z de_fw-fr felton_n son_n of_o richard_n felton_n for_o the_o land_n which_o his_o father_n hold_v of_o the_o prince_n in_o maelor_n saesneg_n or_o english_a maelor_n john_n earl_n warren_n swear_v homage_n for_o the_o lordship_n of_o bromfield_n and_o yale_n and_o his_o land_n in_o hope-dale_n at_o london_n in_o the_o chapel_n of_o the_o lord_n john_n de_fw-fr kirkby_n sometime_o bishop_n of_o ely_n as_o also_o a_o while_n after_o edmund_z mortimer_z for_o his_o land_n of_o cery_n and_o cydewen_n but_o beside_o all_o these_o there_o pay_v homage_n to_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n at_o chester_n sir_n
never_o hearken_v to_o his_o redemption_n allege_v that_o he_o wilful_o throw_v himself_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o glyndwr_n but_o about_o the_o midst_n of_o august_n to_o correct_v the_o presumptuous_a attempt_n of_o the_o welsh_a the_o king_n go_v in_o person_n with_o a_o great_a army_n into_o wales_n but_o by_o reason_n of_o extraordinary_a excess_n of_o weather_n which_o some_o attribute_v to_o the_o magic_n of_o glyndwr_n he_o be_v glad_a to_o return_v safe_a but_o the_o earl_n of_o march_n perceive_v that_o he_o be_v not_o like_a to_o obtain_v his_o liberty_n by_o king_n henry_n mean_n whether_o out_o of_o compliance_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o tedious_a captivity_n or_o affection_n to_o the_o young_a lady_n he_o agree_v to_o take_v part_n with_o owen_n against_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o to_o marry_v his_o daughter_n with_o they_o join_v the_o earl_n of_o worcester_n and_o his_o brother_n the_o earl_n of_o northumberland_n with_o his_o son_n the_o valiant_a lord_n percy_n who_o conspire_v to_o depose_v the_o king_n of_o england_n in_o the_o house_n of_o the_o archdeacon_n of_o bangor_n by_o their_o deputy_n divide_v the_o realm_n among_o they_o cause_v a_o tripartite_a indenture_n to_o be_v make_v and_o to_o be_v seal_v with_o every_o one_o seal_n by_o which_o covenant_n all_o that_o country_n lie_v betwixt_o the_o severn_n and_o the_o trent_n southward_o be_v assign_v to_o the_o earl_n of_o march_n all_o wales_n and_o the_o land_n beyond_o the_o severn_n westward_n be_v appoint_v glyndwr_n and_o all_o from_o the_o trent_n northward_o to_o the_o lord_n percy_n this_o be_v do_v as_o some_o say_v through_o a_o foolish_a credit_n they_o give_v to_o a_o vain_a prophecy_n as_o though_o king_n henry_n be_v the_o execrable_a moldwarp_n and_o they_o three_o the_o dragon_n the_o lion_n and_o the_o wolf_n which_o shall_v pull_v he_o down_o and_o distribute_v his_o kingdom_n among_o themselves_o after_o that_o they_o exhibit_v article_n of_o their_o grievance_n to_o king_n henry_n and_o divulge_v their_o reason_n for_o take_v up_o arm_n at_o length_n they_o march_v with_o all_o their_o power_n towards_o shrewsbury_n to_o fight_v the_o king_n depend_v main_o upon_o the_o arrival_n of_o glyndwr_n and_o his_o welshman_n but_o the_o matter_n be_v go_v so_o far_o that_o whether_o he_o come_v in_o or_o no_o they_o must_v fight_v and_o so_o both_o army_n be_v join_v the_o king_n party_n prevail_v young_a percy_n be_v slay_v upon_o the_o spot_n and_o douglas_n beside_o most_o of_o the_o english_a of_o quality_n who_o with_o a_o party_n of_o scotch_a have_v come_v to_o the_o aid_n of_o the_o confederate_n be_v take_v prisoner_n but_o afterward_o honourable_o set_v at_o liberty_n by_o the_o intercession_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o earl_n of_o northumberland_n be_v a_o march_v forward_o with_o a_o great_a party_n from_o the_o north_n but_o the_o king_n have_v settle_v matter_n about_o shrewsbury_n come_v to_o york_n and_o send_v to_o he_o to_o lay_v down_o his_o arm_n he_o voluntary_o submit_v and_o dismiss_v his_o force_n then_o the_o king_n return_v from_o yorkshire_n determine_v to_o pass_v over_o to_o north-wales_n to_o chastise_v the_o presumptuous_a practice_n of_o the_o immorigerous_a welsh_a who_o after_o his_o departure_n from_o shrewsbury_n have_v make_v inroad_n into_o the_o march_n and_o do_v much_o hurt_v to_o his_o english_a subject_n but_o other_o business_n of_o great_a consequence_n intervening_a he_o detach_v his_o son_n the_o prince_n of_o wales_n who_o take_v the_o castle_n of_o aberystwyth_n which_o be_v quick_o again_o retake_v by_o owen_n glyndwr_n who_o thrust_v into_o it_o a_o strong_a garrison_n of_o welch_n but_o â—n_o the_o battle_n of_o huske_n seek_v upon_o the_o fifteen_o of_o march_n the_o welsh_a receive_v a_o very_a considerable_a blow_n from_o the_o prince_n man_n glyndwr_n son_n be_v take_v prisoner_n beside_o fifteen_o hundred_o more_o take_v and_o slay_v after_o this_o we_o hear_v little_a of_o glyndwr_n except_v that_o he_o continue_v and_o persist_v to_o vex_v and_o plague_v the_o english_a upon_o the_o march_n to_o the_o ten_o year_n of_o king_n henry_n reign_n when_o he_o miserable_o end_v his_o life_n be_v as_o holingshed_n report_v holin_n holin_n towards_o his_o â—atter_n day_n drive_v to_o that_o extremity_n that_o despair_v of_o all_o comfort_n he_o flee_v and_o lurk_v in_o cave_n and_o other_o the_o most_o solitary_a place_n fear_v to_o show_v his_o face_n to_o any_o creature_n till_o at_o length_n be_v starve_v for_o hunger_n and_o lack_n of_o sustenance_n he_o miserable_o end_v his_o life_n but_o these_o rebellious_a practice_n of_o glyndwr_n high_o exasperate_v king_n henry_n against_o the_o welsh_a insomuch_o that_o several_a rigorous_a and_o unmerciful_a law_n be_v enact_v relate_v to_o wales_n which_o in_o effect_n destroy_v all_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o welsh_a subject_n they_o be_v make_v incapable_a of_o purchase_v any_o land_n or_o to_o be_v elect_v member_n of_o any_o county_n or_o burrough_n and_o to_o undertake_v any_o office_n whether_o civil_a or_o military_a in_o any_o town_n incorporate_v if_o any_o suit_n at_o law_n happen_v betwixt_o a_o english_a man_n and_o a_o welsh_a man_n the_o former_a can_v not_o be_v convict_v but_o by_o the_o sentence_n of_o a_o english_a judge_n and_o the_o verdict_n of_o a_o english_a jury_n beside_o that_o any_o english_a man_n who_o marry_v a_o welsh_a woman_n be_v thereby_o forthwith_o disfranchise_v from_o all_o the_o liberty_n of_o a_o english_a subject_n it_o be_v far_o enact_v that_o no_o welsh_a man_n shall_v be_v in_o possession_n of_o any_o castle_n or_o other_o place_n of_o strength_n and_o that_o no_o victual_n or_o armour_n shall_v be_v bring_v into_o wales_n without_o a_o special_a warrant_n from_o the_o king_n or_o his_o council_n and_o far_o that_o no_o welsh_a man_n be_v capable_a of_o undertake_v the_o office_n of_o justice_n chamberlain_z sheriff_z or_o any_o other_o place_n of_o trust_n in_o any_o part_n of_o wales_n notwithstanding_o any_o patent_n or_o licence_n heretofore_o give_v to_o the_o contrary_n these_o with_o many_z other_o most_o rigorous_a and_o unjust_a law_n particular_o that_o forbid_v any_o welsh_a man_n to_o bring_v up_o his_o child_n to_o learning_n or_o to_o bind_v they_o apprentice_n to_o any_o trade_n or_o occupation_n be_v enact_v by_o the_o king_n against_o the_o welsh_a so_o that_o nothing_o can_v cool_v his_o displeasure_n but_o that_o a_o whole_a nation_n shall_v be_v wrongful_o oppress_v for_o the_o fault_n and_o miscarriage_n of_o one_o person_n but_o one_o may_v think_v that_o this_o be_v no_o politic_a method_n to_o secure_v a_o nation_n in_o its_o allegiance_n which_o upon_o light_a affront_v be_v use_v to_o defend_v its_o privilege_n and_o therefore_o we_o may_v well_o attribute_v the_o quiet_a disposition_n of_o the_o welsh_a towards_o this_o time_n to_o the_o moderation_n of_o henry_n the_o five_o who_o within_o a_o little_a time_n succeed_v his_o father_n in_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n co-temporary_a with_o glyndwr_n be_v sir_n david_n gam_n so_o call_v by_o reason_n he_o have_v but_o one_o eye_n the_o son_n of_o lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi howel_n vaughan_n of_o brecknock_n by_o maud_n the_o daughter_n of_o jefan_n ap_fw-mi rhys_n ap_fw-mi ifor_n of_o eluel_n he_o be_v a_o great_a stickler_n for_o the_o duke_n of_o lancaster_n and_o for_o that_o reason_n become_v mortal_a enemy_n to_o glyndwr_n who_o have_v his_o education_n as_o be_v say_v before_o at_o one_o of_o the_o inn_n of_o court_n get_v to_o be_v prefer_v to_o the_o service_n of_o king_n richard_n the_o second_o who_o as_o walsingham_n say_v make_v he_o his_o scutifer_n or_o shield-bearer_n but_o be_v inform_v that_o his_o master_n richard_n be_v depose_v and_o murder_v and_o withal_o be_v provoke_v by_o several_a wrong_n and_o affront_v do_v he_o by_o his_o neighbour_n the_o lord_n grace_n of_o rhuthyn_n who_o king_n henry_n great_o countenance_v and_o look_v upon_o henry_n as_o a_o usurper_n he_o cause_v himself_o to_o be_v proclaim_v prince_n of_o wales_n and_o for_o a_o better_a grace_n of_o the_o matter_n he_o feign_v himself_o to_o be_v descend_v by_o a_o daughter_n from_o lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi the_o last_o prince_n whereas_o in_o truth_n he_o come_v paternal_o but_o from_o a_o young_a brother_n of_o the_o house_n of_o powy_n but_o as_o ambition_n have_v no_o moderation_n so_o glyndwr_n for_o a_o time_n act_v the_o part_n of_o a_o prince_n and_o summon_v a_o parliament_n to_o meet_v at_o machynlleth_n whither_o the_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n of_o wales_n appear_v and_o among_o the_o rest_n sir_n david_n gam_n but_o not_o upon_o the_o same_o design_n with_o the_o rest_n have_v a_o intention_n in_o this_o meeting_n to_o murder_v glyndyfwr_fw-mi but_o the_o plot_n be_v discover_v and_o
canonize_v 160._o john_n k._n of_o england_n in_o his_o way_n to_o ireland_n through_o wales_n discharge_v a_o criminal_a that_o murder_v a_o priest_n 226._o famish_v will_n de_fw-fr bruce_n and_o maud_n his_o aunt_n at_o windsor_n after_o his_o return_n 227._o the_o reason_n of_o his_o cruelty_n and_o disaffection_n to_o priest_n ib._n march_v with_o a_o great_a army_n into_o wales_n and_o return_n without_o success_n 229_o 230._o make_v a_o second_o expedition_n ib._n order_n foulk_n viscount_n cardyff_fw-mi to_o subdue_v those_o that_o oppose_v in_o south-wales_n and_o they_o at_o last_o do_v he_o homage_n but_o quick_o revolt_v 231_o 232._o make_v a_o expedition_n into_o wales_n 229._o make_v a_o second_o and_o three_o and_o hang_v the_o welsh_a pledge_n reconcile_v himself_o to_o rome_n and_o engage_v in_o a_o civil_a war_n with_o his_o baron_n 237._o dies_z and_o be_v succeed_v by_o his_o son_n henry_n 242._o jorwerth_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n revolt_v from_o the_o earl_n of_o salop_n 124._o base_o use_v by_o k._n henry_n for_o it_o the_o reason_n of_o it_o 125._o deliver_v out_o of_o prison_n 133._o forbid_v owen_n and_o madawc_n to_o retire_v to_o his_o estate_n 134._o beset_v and_o slay_v by_o madawc_n and_o llywarch_n ap_fw-mi trahern_n 137._o joseph_n bishop_n of_o llandaff_n die_v at_o rome_n 88_o ireland_n molest_v with_o locust_n 42._o ithel_n king_n of_o gwent_n slay_v 28._o l._n lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi sytsylht_n make_v himself_o prince_n of_o all_o wales_n 79._o his_o good_a government_n ib._n slay_v meuric_n that_o rebel_v against_o he_o with_o his_o own_o hand_n 80._o suppress_v another_o rebellion_n 81._o base_o slay_v ibid._n lhewelyn_n p._n of_o north-wales_n take_v david_n ap_fw-mi owen_n prisoner_n 217._o receive_v homage_n of_o most_o of_o the_o welsh_a lord_n 222._o conquer_v gwenwynwyn_n country_n 225._o make_v a_o expedition_n into_o south-w_n and_o maelgon_n flee_v 225_o 226._o marry_v joan_n king_n john_n daughter_n 224._o sue_v and_o obtain_v peace_n of_o the_o king_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o his_o wife_n 231._o animate_v the_o lord_n of_o north-wales_n to_o join_v with_o he_o in_o a_o revolt_n against_o the_o king_n 233._o dispossess_v the_o english_a of_o all_o their_o hold_n in_o his_o country_n 237._o take_v shrewsbury_n though_o excommunicate_v by_o the_o pope_n 238._o subdue_v cardigan_n and_o carmarthen_n 240._o reconcile_v the_o â—onds_n in_o south-wales_n 241._o subdue_v powis_n 242._o refuse_v assistance_n to_o king_n john_n against_o the_o dauphine_n ibid._n make_v rynald_n bruce_n who_o have_v revolt_v submit_v to_o he_o â—43_n receive_v the_o submission_n and_o allegiance_n of_o the_o fleming_n in_o dyfed_a ibid._n subdue_v the_o revolt_a flemings_n again_o 246._o make_v his_o son_n gruffydh_n submit_v ibid._n complain_v of_o to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n by_o young_a rhys_n adju_v matter_n with_o he_o 247._o seize_v the_o castle_n of_o william_n marshal_n earl_n of_o pembroke_n in_o wales_n and_o occasion_n a_o war_n between_o they_o 247_o 248._o worst_n the_o english_a army_n pay_v homage_n to_o henry_n iii_o 249._o destroy_v the_o march_n 252._o make_v a_o descent_n upon_o england_n 253._o be_v join_v by_o the_o earl_n of_o pembroke_n against_o king_n henry_n rout_v his_o army_n 254._o make_v a_o incursion_n into_o the_o king_n territory_n 255._o make_v peace_n with_o the_o king_n 256._o set_v his_o son_n gruffydh_n at_o liberty_n ibid._n bury_v his_o princess_n joan_n 257._o force_a to_o quit_v the_o siege_n of_o ruthlan_n 258._o make_v the_o welsh_a do_v homage_n to_o his_o son_n david_n ibid._n die_n his_o character_n and_o issue_n â—59_n llewelyn_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi and_o owen_n gôch_v his_o brother_n declare_v prince_n of_o north-wales_n 269._o quarrel_n and_o owen_n with_o his_o brother_n david_n make_v close_a prisoner_n 271._o recover_v the_o inland_n country_n of_o north-wales_n from_o the_o english_a 272._o waste_v cheshire_n ibid._n beat_v the_o irish_a by_o sea_n 273._o desire_n peace_n with_o the_o king_n but_o fail_v 277._o kind_a to_o sir_n roger_n mortimer_n 278._o make_v a_o peace_n by_o the_o pope_n mediation_n with_o the_o king_n 279._o refuse_v to_o attend_v upon_o king_n edward_n coronation_n 280._o the_o reason_n for_o his_o refusal_n 281._o a_o accident_n make_v he_o pliable_a 283._o severe_a condition_n of_o peace_n impose_v upon_o he_o 284._o marry_a to_o elinor_n earl_n montfords_n daughter_n at_o worcester_n 285._o reconcile_v with_o his_o brother_n david_n and_o join_v against_o the_o english_a 286._o offer_v to_o submit_v to_o the_o king_n conditional_o 292._o send_v a_o letter_n to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o the_o general_a answer_n of_o the_o welsh_a to_o his_o proposal_n 293_o 294_o 295._o betray_v in_o buellt_n and_o kill_v 297._o london_n besiege_v by_o the_o dane_n 65._o m._n mahael_n dispossess_v of_o his_o inheritance_n by_o his_o unnatural_a mother_n nest_n mean_n and_o how_o 115._o madoc_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n prince_n of_o powis_n stick_v to_o the_o english_a interest_n 173._o madawc_n reconcile_v to_o king_n henry_n 138._o take_a prisoner_n by_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethin_n 139._o have_v his_o eye_n pull_v out_o by_o owen_n ibid._n madawc_n ab_fw-la owen_n gwynedh_n sail_v into_o america_n 196._o plant_n a_o colony_n there_o ib._n maelgon_n disturb_v south-wales_n 228._o beat_v by_o his_o nephew_n rhys_n and_o owen_n 229._o march_v earl_n of_o marry_v owen_n glyndwr_n daughter_n 318._o consent_v by_o indenture_n to_o divide_v england_n between_o owen_n piercy_n and_o himself_o 318._o maud_n the_o empress_n land_n in_o england_n and_o be_v receive_v at_o arundel_n 162._o meredith_n ap_fw-mi owen_n possess_v of_o all_o wales_n 64._o dispossess_v of_o north-wales_n 67._o and_o rout_v by_o edwal_n ap_fw-mi meuric_n their_o new_a prince_n 68_o die_v without_o issue_n male_a 69._o meredith_n ap_fw-mi owen_n make_v prince_n of_o south-wales_n 96._o slay_a in_o battle_n against_o caradoc_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi 102._o meredith_n and_o rhys_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi prevail_v in_o south-wales_n 171._o meredith_n death_n and_o character_n 172._o merfyn_n frych_a be_v make_v king_n of_o wales_n 24._o be_v slay_v 27._o merlin_n ambrose_n and_o sylvester_n their_o time_n country_n and_o prophecy_n 10_o 11._o morgan_z hên_o die_v a_o hundred_o year_n old_a his_o marriage_n estate_n and_o issue_v 58._o morgan_z ap_fw-mi owen_n kill_v robert_n fitz-gilbert_n and_o his_o son_n 157._o slay_v 175._o morgan_z ap_fw-mi cadogan_n repent_v of_o his_o murder_n commit_v 156._o murder_n commit_v 156._o item_n 163._o n._n newmarch_n a_o norman_a obtain_v the_o lordship_n of_o brecknock_n and_o marry_v nest_n daughter_n to_o llewelyn_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi 115._o norman_n twice_o decimate_v and_o put_v to_o death_n in_o england_n 86._o they_o waste_v and_o plunder_v dyfe_v 103._o they_o seize_v upon_o the_o lordship_n of_o glamorgan_n 113._o the_o name_n of_o the_o adventurer_n ibid._n they_o possess_v themselves_o of_o several_a lordship_n in_o wales_n 117._o divers_a of_o they_o slay_v in_o cardigan_n ibid._n rout_v again_o by_o cadwgan_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n and_o their_o castle_n destroy_v 118._o slaughter_v divers_a time_n by_o the_o welsh_a and_o force_v to_o quit_v the_o country_n 119_o 120._o northumberland_n invade_v by_o the_o scot_n 109._o o._n offa_n king_n of_o mercia_n make_v a_o ditch_n from_o sea_n to_o sea_n 20._o his_o death_n 21._o owen_n ap_fw-mi edwin_n a_o traitor_n to_o his_o country_n 121._o make_a prince_n of_o wales_n by_o the_o english_a but_o soon_o lose_v it_o 122._o his_o death_n and_o pedigree_n 126._o owen_n the_o son_n of_o cadwgan_n enamour_v of_o nest_n the_o wife_n of_o gerald_n king_n henry_n lieutenant_n in_o wales_n 129._o steal_v she_o away_o ibid._n fly_v into_o ireland_n 135._o return_n and_o waste_v the_o country_n in_o conjunction_n with_o maradoc_n ap_fw-mi riryd_n 133._o his_o man_n slay_v a_o english_a bishop_n the_o cause_n of_o cadwgan_n his_o father_n be_v dispossess_v of_o his_o estate_n 135._o force_v to_o flee_v into_o ireland_n with_o madawc_n ibid._n return_n and_o be_v reconcile_v to_o the_o king_n 138._o divide_v madawc's_o estate_n between_o himself_o and_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n 139._o flee_v for_o fear_n of_o king_n henry_n into_o north-wales_n 140._o reconcile_v to_o the_o king_n 141._o owen_n be_v brave_a and_o knight_v in_o normandy_n 142._o employ_v by_o king_n henry_n against_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n 148._o slay_v by_o gerald_n 149._o owen_n gwynedh_n succeed_v prince_n of_o north-wales_n 160._o mighty_o concern_v at_o the_o death_n of_o his_o son_n run_v 165._o take_v and_o race_n the_o castle_n of_o mould_n 166._o pull_v out_o his_o nephew_n cunedah_n eye_n and_o castrate_v he_o 170._o be_v provoke_v invade_v llandhinam_n 193._o dies_fw-la his_o character_n and_o issue_n 194._o owen_n cyfeilioc_n and_o owen_n fychan_n dispossess_v jorwerth_n gôch_o of_o his_o estate_n in_o powis_n 192._o cyfeilioc_fw-la dies_fw-la
easy_o grant_v with_o the_o promise_n too_o of_o great_a succour_n and_o large_a supply_n king_n henry_n to_o put_v a_o stop_n to_o their_o bold_a adventure_n march_v in_o person_n against_o they_o and_o lay_v siege_n to_o the_o castle_n of_o arundel_n win_v it_o without_o any_o great_a opposition_n and_o quick_o afterward_o the_o castle_n of_o tekinhill_n but_o that_o of_o brugge_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o place_n and_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o ditch_n about_o it_o seem_v to_o require_v long_a time_n and_o hard_a service_n and_o therefore_o king_n henry_n be_v advise_v to_o send_v private_o to_o jorwerth_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n promise_v he_o great_a reward_n if_o he_o forsake_v the_o earl_n part_n and_o come_v over_o to_o he_o urge_v to_o he_o what_o mischief_n roger_n earl_n robert_n father_n and_o his_o brother_n hugh_n have_v continual_o do_v to_o the_o welshman_n and_o to_o make_v he_o the_o more_o willing_a to_o accept_v of_o his_o proposal_n he_o promise_v to_o give_v he_o all_o such_o land_n as_o the_o earl_n and_o his_o brother_n have_v in_o wales_n without_o either_o tribute_n or_o homage_n which_o be_v a_o part_n of_o powy_n cardigan_n and_o half_o dyfe_v the_o other_o part_n be_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o william_n fitz-baldwyn_n jorwerth_n receive_v these_o offer_n accept_v of_o they_o very_o glad_o and_o then_o come_v to_o the_o king_n he_o send_v all_o his_o force_n to_o earl_n robert_n land_n who_o have_v receive_v very_o strict_a order_n destroy_v without_o mercy_n every_o thing_n they_o meet_v with_o and_o what_o make_v the_o spoil_n the_o great_a earl_n robert_n upon_o his_o rebel_n against_o king_n henry_n have_v cause_v his_o people_n to_o convey_v all_o their_o good_n to_o wales_n for_o fear_n of_o the_o english_a not_o think_v how_o his_o father_n memory_n sound_v among_o the_o welsh_a but_o when_o the_o news_n of_o iorwerth_n revolt_n reach_v the_o ear_n of_o the_o earl_n cadogan_n and_o meredith_n iorwerth_n brother_n their_o spirit_n begin_v to_o faint_v as_o despair_v any_o long_a to_o oppose_v the_o king_n since_o jorwerth_n who_o be_v the_o person_n of_o great_a strength_n in_o wales_n have_v leave_v and_o forsake_v they_o arnulph_n be_v go_v to_o ireland_n to_o fetch_v home_o his_o wife_n and_o to_o bring_v over_o what_o succour_n his_o father_n in_o law_n king_n murkart_n can_v afford_v to_o send_v he_o but_o he_o not_o come_v in_o time_n some_o other_o method_n be_v to_o be_v try_v how_o to_o get_v some_o aid_n against_o the_o english_a a_o little_a before_o this_o rebellion_n break_v out_o magnus_n harold_n son_n land_v the_o second_o time_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o anglesey_n and_o be_v kind_o receive_v by_o gruffydh_n ap_fw-mi conan_n he_o have_v leave_v to_o cut_v down_o what_o timber_n he_o have_v need_n for_o and_o so_o return_v to_o the_o isle_n of_o man_n which_o he_o have_v get_v by_o conquest_n he_o build_v there_o three_o castle_n and_o then_o send_v to_o ireland_n to_o have_v the_o daughter_n of_o murkart_n in_o marriage_n to_o his_o son_n which_o be_v obtain_v he_o create_v he_o king_n of_o man._n earl_n robert_n hear_v this_o send_v to_o magnus_n for_o aid_n against_o king_n henry_n but_o receive_v none_o he_o think_v it_o now_o high_a time_n to_o look_v to_o his_o own_o safety_n and_o therefore_o he_o send_v to_o the_o king_n request_v that_o he_o may_v quiet_o depart_v the_o kingdom_n in_o case_n he_o shall_v lay_v down_o his_o arm_n which_o the_o king_n have_v grant_v he_o sail_v to_o normandy_n and_o then_o king_n henry_n send_v a_o express_a to_o his_o brother_n arnulph_n require_v he_o either_o to_o follow_v his_o brother_n out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o to_o deliver_v himself_o up_o to_o his_o mercy_n and_o so_o arnulph_n go_v over_o also_o for_o normandy_n when_o the_o king_n be_v return_v to_o london_n jorwerth_n take_v his_o brother_n meredith_n prisoner_n and_o commit_v he_o to_o the_o king_n custody_n his_o other_o brother_n cadogan_n 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