tryal and privately beheaded 710 711 Elizabeth Queen her Death and Character 737 738 739 740 Emperor sends to the United States complaining of their intrusion upon his Authority with their answer therâ—to 748 749 English and French quarrel in Gertruydenberg 753 England and Scotland named Brittain 779 Emperor and others send Legates to the United States concerning a Treaty and their answer thereto 786 787 English and Hollanders difference between them and for what 794 795 English first come into the Indies and under whose Conduct 852 858 Europe a discription of many passages there transacted in the several parts thereof 858 859 Erkelen taken by Henry of Nassau 863 English and Hollanders joyntly send out Ships aâ— the Indies 869 England King thereof desired to assist to the making peace between Holland and Spain so also are divers others 892 Emperor Letters from him to the States and the purport thereof with their Answer to the same 904 905 Letters from the same to King Philip and the Arch-Dukes with their Answer wherein is set forth the Emperors pretence to be invalid 905 906 907 908 Embden troubles there between whom and how composed 910 911 Europe a short Relation of some European transactions 912 913 914 England a League concluded betwixt it and Holland 926 Embassadors move the States to a Truce and the reason why 932 The same disputed in Books 932 933 944 945 Embassadors of the Kings draw a League for a Truce the form thereof 940 F. FAction in the Netherlands after Philips departure about the Regency and between whom 21. 24. 92 93. 96. 100 French Forces intercepted in their march by the Spaniards 64 Frizeland the Towns thereof left to the fury of the Spaniards 65 France Henry King of France privately ayds the Hollanders 80. 151 Frizeland rebels against the Spaniard and imprison their Governour 85 Francis of Valois sued to and chosen Governour of the Netherlandâ— 91. 94 95. 121. 123 124 125 He is recommended by Margaret of Valois 92 Frizeland Reneberg Governour thereof to whom Campen and Deventer were soon after yielded 94 Francis of Valois comes to Bingen which he wins by storm and siege 101 Offended with Casimires success at Gaunt he departs to England 102. 124 Frizeland Renneberg revolts to the Spaniard and delivers Groningen to them 117 Francis of Valois brings ayd to the States for the relief of Cambray 123 Treats of Marriage with the English Queen 124 The Articles upon which he undertook the Government 125 Expects succour from his Brother the French King but in vain and why 129 Whereupon he falls upon dangerous Counsels and Design what they were how effected and how frustrated 129 130 131 He treats with the Hollanders departs into France and dyes 134 135 French hated by the Hollanders and why 136 Frizeland William of Nassau made Governour there 146 The Form of Government there 146 147 377 378 France French King chosen Defender of the Netherlands and why 151 152 Factions divers in Holland and for what and among whom 187 188 French King assisted by the English and Hollander 241 French and Low-Country troubles compared 242 Falcosteyne Count slain 263 Frizons desire ayd of Prince Maurice who thereupon makes an expedition into Frizeland 268 269 French King wounded 283 Famarsh General of the Ordinance to the States killed 293 Fontayne sent by Philip to govern the Netherlands his Character 298 299. 366 He is the Authour of a cruel sentence and what it was and the effects thereof 303 304 305 306 He is President of the Senate 366 His care and diligence 385 386 Ferte a Town in France besieged is relieved and ungarrisoned 386 Fayer besieged by the French King 400. 433 At last is won by Famine 427 Franecre an University in Frizeland when begun 465 French invade Artois and overthrow Varembonius taking prisoner Count Montecuculi 468 Frizeland wasted by Frederic Count Heremberg 511 French King sends an Embassador to England and for what with the Queens Answer thereto 527 528 Frizeland a Resation of new troubles arising there the cause thereof and settlement of the same 580 581 582 Falcosteyne Count Viricus treacherously murthered and by whom 607 608 Forces new raised in several places and by whom 629 630 752 Fortunate Islands their description and the assault thereof by the Dutch 641 642 ad 644 Quitted again by them 648 Frizeland new troubles there and for what and how composed 662.735 736 746 747 Flanders War transmitted thither and why 664 Another expedition thither 696 697 Henry of Nassau Governour thereof 774 French and Spaniard difference between them and for what 780 781 Frizeland terrified at Spinola's approach 804 805 France Embassadors come thence to the Hollanders who they were and their instructions 890 891 French and Hollanders make a League and what 914 915 French Colony in America comes to nothing and why 964 G. GRanvell Anthony Pereâ—et Granvell his Extract Character Honour and Greatness in the Court of the Emperour Charles and Philip. 21 His diligence and Industry in managing the Government and for what 23 He is Commanded to depart the Netherlands and go into Burgandy from whence he went to Rome 28 Gheuse the first Original of that name 34 Germanes ayd the Prince of Aurange 53 Guise the Guisian faction prevalent in France and the effect thereof 64 Geneva Discipline received in Holland Tenents thereof 71 72 Geeretruydenberg taken by the Hollanders 73 Gaunt a Peace concluded there between whom and the heads thereof 84 This Peace confirmed at Bruxels 85 A great Sedition in Gaunt 97 98 Appeased by the Prince of Aurange 104 It consents to the League of Union 110 Groningen besieged for the States by Entes but Relieved by Schencke 118 Gaunt People there deny passage to Birons Army and why 135 The Town delivered to Parma upon teâ—rms and what they were 148 149 Grave besieged by Parma relieved by Hohenlo yet cowardly surrendred to him 170 For which the Governour afterward put to death 171 Geeretruydenberg sold and delivered to the Spaniard and the pretences for the same and by whom 224 225 226 227 228 Guise Duke slain 240 Groenigen straitned by Count William of Nassau Governour of Frizeland 243 Germanes threaten revenge for the wasting of their Borders 255 344 345 Parma's Answer and the States Answer to the same 256 257 258 Groening beleaguered by Prince Maurice 269 The Citizens waver in their affection 270 Send Letters to Count Mansfeldt and an Embassie to the Emperour 284 285 Geeretruydenberg besieged by Prince Maurice with a description of the place 306 307 ad 314 A description of the Princes Camp before the Town 308 309 310 The Town delivered to him 314 Groningers send to Ernestus for ayd 326 The description of the City of Groening Territory 328 ad 332 The Siege thereof 328 332 333 ad 337 The surrender thereof to the States and they receiving a Garrison from Prince Maurice as also Count William of Nassau for their Governour 337 Groll
of Mettal as the Spaniard did but only from the Love and Benignity of her Subjects And the Irish Rebellion as it inforced the new raising of Money at Home so likewise it necessitated her to call in what she had abroad On the other side the Dutch Embassadors first rendring many Thanks beseeched her to stand to the League complaining That they had had but a short Benefit of those Things which had bin agreed 12 Years before And that the Covenants did not set down any set number of Souldiers whereupon they who as they never had stagger'd in their Fidelity nor had inclined to the War with wavering Counsels yet had bin by the uncertainty of Forces oftentimes revolved unto vain Attempts and that this was very unseasonable in the heat of War to expect that which did not begin to be a debt until there were a Peace setled as by the Agreement will appear That their Condition was not so much alter'd but that they still deserv'd rather Pity than Envy For besides the rich Cities of Brabant they had lost certain Towns at the Maes and particularly those which were most convenient both by Sea and Land for raising and collecting the Flandrian Tributes Nor had they bin at a small charge after the driving away the Spanish Fleet from England in so many Naval Expeditions of the English and to what end had they assisted France but that the War might be repelled and the Seas be kept open while the Enemy was imploy'd at Land Hereto was added the Shipwracks they had suffer'd the restriction or taking of their Ships the breaches of their Banks by the Sea and other daily Evils they had undergone by Misfortunes and Casualties Concerning these Things there was a long Argument with Bodley who was Leiger for the Queen among the Hollanders concerning the Dutch Affairs Notwithstanding all which Queen Elizabeth grew every day more obdurate till at length she was mollified by procrastination but chiefly by the Supplies they sent to her for the Cadiz Voyage But no sooner was the benefit of that Kindness consum'd but presently the same Contest was again renew'd and Sebastian Lose James Valquy and Abel Franken being sent Embassadors into England the Queen gave them this short Answer That that was not the intent of the League that the Hollanders should prolong a War against themselves on purpose to delay without measure or end the payment of those Charges by others disbursed for them And as to the Peace they hoped if it proved disadvantageous to them neither had it been profitable to her those 12 years having both for that time and hitherto eâ—hausted both her self and her people in sending them perpetual Aids and keeping the Towns deliver'd to her for a Pledge And what kind of Alliance must that be whose very Branch must depend upon the pleasure of another But if they would look upon the Laws as the Queen was pleased to do she would urge nothing further than was in them That it was truly so conceived Words of Promise upon Honour were plighted The Lord Burghly added also the Irish Rebellion and the proper fears of England were Causes just enough why the Queen might fall off from those Agreements when even private Promises are wont to be absolved upon unexpected Events Therefore this Debate of Right being in vain and but for a shew made use of the Hollanders ran back to their old Guard shewing the danger they should incur from all their Neighbouring Dominions if the strength of their Cities already weakned should be utterly dejected by such Demands and so much both of Wealth and Power by Sea added to the Spaniards But above all when the dubious state of the matter and so discordant in the setling the Account of Receipts and Disbursements had almost brought them to a Non-plus The English urged the payment at least of some part of the Debt and for the future not to seek a Remedy against growing Danger from old Covenants as by Compulsion but rather to merit new Favours by their Gratitude and Thanks for the former The Embassadors with many humble Intreaties offer'd That there should be an Annual Portion paid notwithstanding all their present streights and the residue at the end of the War which the Queen slighted as inconsiderable while in the interim a great fearspread it self arising from a Rumor that there was Hostility intended against her in Spain and that the preparations there made to that purpose were greater than ever before Hereupon the Wise of those times began seriously to consider of both Affairs and judged that the Hollanders were not so much oppressed with Poverty but that it would oblige them to the Queen in a strict Alliance especially considering the danger of so great a Loss and that the Queen might at some time want Money they might well bear unless their Counsel could put the Hollanders now tyred with importunate Demands in mind of her Power it being not to be suffer'd that her Debtors should raise themselves to a more prosperous Fortune by Foreign Amities Now the Count of Bulloyne was sent into England to conclude the long Treaty of a League between the two Kingdoms which was at last agreed upon in manner following The League and Alliance concerning infâ—ring or resisting Wars between or upon the King of France and the People of England is concluded under these Articles and Conditions That all former Leagues and Covenants be confirmed That both shall endeavour to bring other Princes and Nations into the same League And when either shall be offended or invaded at Home that one common Army of the Allies shall transferre the War into the Enemies Country That it shall not be lawfull for either Kingdom without the other to make either Peace or a General Truce That either shall assist the other with Arms and other things necessary for War among themselves at a reasonable price and without fraud and aid the Souldiers with all Provisions without Treachery That all things relating to Religion and Travellers of either Country be used no otherwise than as naturall Subjects That the King of France use no violence to any English for difference in Religion and in regard he was at the present most subject to the Injuries of his Enemies the Queen promised him four thousand English Souldiers for the Defence of Normandy and Picardy which are the nearest parts of France to her Kingdom giving them half a years Pay and taking Pledges But if they were kept any longer there it should be at the King's Charge Who on the other side promised the like Aid to the Queen so as they should remain near the Shore or within fifty Leagues That it may be lawful to raise and take into Pay four thousand men and the Command of the Souldiers to be in that Prince within whose Borders the War is These were the Heads that were publickly known for by some private Agreements the number of Souldiers the Queen was to send this year was
nothing of War For at this very time wherein they were Treating of Peace the Spanish Armies had strange and strong Designs on foot which in some places succeeded well by reason of unexpected Celerity but in other were with admirable Valour and Resolution broken and brought to nothing As particularly in West-Frizeland where several Companies of the King's Souldiers making Inroads the Country People meeting them dispersed up and down which hapned by their ignorance of the Places and Wayes took and without mercy killed them In this variety of Affairs the Siege of Leyden begun before continued a little while making all things tremble for fear for the Spaniards were then in the very Heart of Holland nor had they any Forces to resist them but onely relyed upon the Divine Help and the never-to-be-reconciled Hatred of the People against this Treacherous and Tyrannical Government which in this troublesome time appeared so evident that there was a Sea-man or Marriner found who have torn a Spaniards Heart out of his Body bit the same in pieâ— with his Teeth Therefore after they had quite wearied oâ— their Hope and Famine as yet had wrought nothing upâ— them many of them being consumed either by the Sword Sickness according to the Example of Modena the Besiege making use of Birds for Messengers digging through the Fortifications opening the Banks of their Rivers and so leâ—ting the Sea overflow the Land which hapning at a Full Moon made the Water rise much higher the Wind also wonderfully favouring the Design they preserved themselves Nay the Ruinousness of their Walls which to other Ciâ— is a great Evil was an Advantage to this thereby the Noâ— of a great Eruption coming to their Enemies Ears which both frighted and deceived them The Siege being thus raised from Leyden and the Souldier taking with them one Baldes a Captain whom they had taken coming to Utrecht a City of their Party which they hâ— destined to be a Prey to them under the pretence of a Mutiny they were over-master'd in their Design and beuâ— from their Assault Then the Spaniard attempted to breâ— into Holland on the left side by the Maze and the Leck where having taken some Towns on the Banks thereof among which Oudwater so the Town is named the Noble Victor shewed his Cruelty Nor could they be repressed or beaten back untill they had harrased even to a place called Coblente near which there is a Village named Cryâ—pen At the same time also Peter Melendes a Biscayan the Conqueror of Florida but by a most villainous piece of Treachery and infamous amongst his own Countrey-men when he had with little Judgment compared the American and Netherlandish Affairs boasted that he would easily bring both Brill and other Ports into their subjection And now some ships being made ready an Embassie was sent into England to desire the Friendship of their Shore and Entertainment â—f their Fleet should chance to be driven thither by any Impetousity of the Winds or Seas But a suddain Contagious Disease scattered their Mariners and the Captain himself being told of the Vanity of his promised Undertaking dyed as many think for shame but more for fear And the Spaniards that had been drawn together being by the Hollanders Forces dispersed and their ships destroyed that kept Guard at Antwerp and a new Face of Affairs presently following made them lay aside their Sea-Coast Design for many years After this the Requesenians enter an Isle of Zeland called Schouvum of old Scaldia in the Confines of Holland and is so named from the River that runs by the left side of it by ships partly and partly through the Fords but whether with more Fortune or Courage is more questionable However they to make the Action more famous feigned Miracles such as they had heard mentioned in old Wives Tales giving out that the very Stars gave more Light than ordinary to guide them while they went abroad Here winning by Assault the Port of Bommenede which was a place kept by a small Garrison after a valiant Defence they afterward get into their Power by a Nine Moneths Siege Zyrixee the chief Town of the Island To this grievous Mischief of having an Enemy in the midst of two Provinces united by League and they both in want of Men and Money to repell them was added another as great as the former and that was That they did in vain pray the Aid and Friendship of Forreign Princes Either for that the Example did not please them or else because they stood in fear of the Spanish Power For the Queen of England refused either to make a League with them or to take the Soveraignty over them which they offer'd her it belonging to anoâ—her although they boasted Her Alliance in Bloud to the former Princes and Rulers of Holland and that they had but one common Religion and that she was sâ— Lady and Mistress of the Sea Yet all this notwithstanding she supplyed them with Money sometimes but for what the asked unseasonably it might rather turn to their greater Damage Henry the Brother of Charles was then King of France who well knowing before the Spanish Treacheries and intending to meet him in the like sort was pleased to assâ— those who endeavoured to break his strength but with aâ— privacy possibly imaginable wherein is not to be so gotten the Subtilty of that almost Piratical Invention by which is was agreed with the King That the Nassauian Treasure of Warre at Calais a City of France should sell Commissions or Licenses to sail in the Neighbouring Sea to get Restitution for the Injuries suffered by both People and what was so gotten they might freely sell there for hitherto whether they went with any Prey gotten from the Hollanders either to their Enemies or elsewhere yet they were brought to Tryals and Examinations and many times were forced to run the hazard of a Damageable Suit before strange Judges And the Covenant of preventing Danger commonly called Insurance frequent among Merchants added a Shadow of Law whereby the incertainty of the Event is usually transferred to another with some certain Reward And the Money growing from this one Tribute was not much inferior to the great Expences of the Warre unless the whole Roâ— of Sea-men a sort of Creatures to be kept under by Laws should return to their old Liberty and take their proper profit out of all Prizes This unexpected good Fortune restored Vigour to their Affairs which were almost grown desperate when by a suddain Disease Requesens cies by which the Administration of the Government did revert into the Senate of those Parts under the King's Dominion Joachiâ— Hopper a Frison whose Power being then an Agent in Spain did increase because Counsels by him rejected and disallowed had ill succeeded so that though a Netherlander he had gained the Name and Repute of a Wise in the esteem of the Spaniards thought that would be pleasing to the People for the retaining of those they already had
Valquin consulâ—ed of certain Matters relating to the League Then began to appear how much those Presents were envyed which had been bestowed to gain the King of Scots Affection the Queen of England objecting to them Their unseasonable Magnificence while yet themselves wanted Forreign Aid Nor did it proceed so much from the Humour of her Regal Disposition that would endure none to vye with her as that she being a wise and subtle Woman and who would keep the Succession incertain as one of the main strengths of her Kingdom she would not that a Prince though next to her both in Kingdom and Bloud should be appointed her Heir by the Option of her Neighbours Therefore according to the Custom of angry persons she requir'd a part of her old Debt and if they gave her not satisfaction she threatned War Whereto a modest Excuse being made they were at quiet for some time And in the mean time that they might make amends for their Offence upon her Request They obey and grant That they will adde some Money and Ships to her Fleet for driving away the Spaniard from Bretaign in France For the Enemy being setled in some strong Ports lay at lurk upon both Shores to get the possession of that Sea which passeth by both France and Spain From whence proceeded the English-mens fear nor could the Hollanders sail to the Westward with any safety But now the English and Dutch Fleets being joyned they drove the Enemy from most of the strong Holds scituate on the Sea-Coast But the War after the taking of Groening continued in the Countries beyond the Rhine although there were other Things which promised their Hope a Reward of their Labours But at the instance of Mounsieur Buzanual King Henry's Embassadour it seemed more just since their own Affairs had so well thriven to look towards their Allies because then there was sharp War upon the Borders between the Netherlands and France Some there were that would not have sent Souldiers to the King but Money which Buzanuall withstood affirming That the King his Master had better learned to order Souldiers than Money And so far did his Reasons prevail that he had not onely very great hopes but the Charge likewise already begun would forthwith be laid aside for a New Expedition thither The Spanish Souldiers who had hitherto made War upon the French Borders after they had received their Money and taken the benefit of what Licentiousness they pleased being excluded from all Cities lest they might grow more insolent by Idleness under the Conduct of the Lord of Cimace besieged Cambray For that City as is before set forth was delivered in the Name of the Kingdom of France to Balagny to be kept for King Philip but he on the contrary usurped it to himself from thence the Neighbouring Country was wasted Nor had the Spaniards long continued the Siege but they wanted all Things necessary not excepting Provisions However lest that they might seem to do nothing they surrounded the City at a distance but with very careless Guaâ— for being in their Friends Country they supposed themselves terrible enough to the Enemy being in no manner changed from what they were before but onely in this that now being under Command yet they re-acted the Crimes of Sedition among other of their Exploits many times fetching great Booty out of France But Henry the greatest part of the Traytors being subdued finding himself really King and that he was so increased in strength that though till this time he had been able but weakly to defend his now he appeared able to vindicate himself and to threaten an equal Return for Injuries He accused Philip in an Edict That he had without any probable Reason broken the League that he had made with France five and twenty years before That he being King of France 〈◊〉 content with the Dominion of his Ancestors which by the Divine Providence he now enjoyed and being an august and magnificent Possession he did not desire to intermeddle in the business of other Princes That he would not seek a cause of War against the Neighbouring Cities of the Netherlands and hoped he should not be forced to one by injuries put upon him but since they had compelled him he exhorted the People of Henalt and Attoys and others his Subjects to fall upon those forreign Souldiers generalâ—y hated and burthensome to all about them whom none ever hated without danger but an Enemy and to drive them out of the French Territories and also from Cambray which if it wâ— not done by a set day he would bring thither his Armies and tâ— his force upon them This was all received in silence as if it had been denyed for the Cities durst make no answer but Philip shortly after mindfull of his affections to the Catholick Religion and remembring the League himself had formerly made with France declared that the Prince of Bearns for he would not vouchsafe the King of France any other name who had vainly pretended himself an honourer of that Religion which he had opposed and now called himself King of France was to be prosecuted with War on all hands Be this came too late for after they had for a whole year displayed their Ensign on the Netherlandish Borders all after actions seemed to claim a shadow of right But to this forreign War King Henry appointed Commander in Chief Turnis Viscount Turen who then raised the Repute of the name of Bulloyn renowned also by Alliance to Prince Maurice whose Sister Elizabeth descended by the Mothers side from the Royal Stock of Bourbon he had marryed And in this he would be more affectionately diligent in that thereby he advanced above the power of the League a Prince bound 〈◊〉 him by private Allyance and also very high in the King's favour It was thought convenient to carry the War into the Province of Lutzenburg because this way he might have a passage for his Italian and German Levies for the Hollanders hoped that if new forces were raised it might be possible to bring to nought the old being neither many nor well agreeing and this either by the Netherlanders consent of the conjunction of War But a Messenger met Philip of Nassau as he was hastening his march towards the French with supplies consisting of eight and twenty Foot-Companies for the States having onely promised twenty had now of their own accord augmented the number that they understood by four Switzers whom they had taken that Charles Mansfeldt lay in the middle between them Therefore for securing the Journey he took five Troops under the leading of Sir Francis Vere and a well ordered number of Foot least he should give any opportunity to Mansfeldt pressing upon him and leads them beyond the River Moselle to the Borders of Metz for the Enemy had prepossessed all the places more inward The greatest part of the Troops having either gained by leave or force a passage through Germany returned into Holland but the greatest
inferiour Captains and little Parties But when King Philip fearing the danger had sent Velasco as we before mention'd from Millayn which he then govern'd to Burgundy with Ten Thousand Foot and fifteen hundred Horse that strength of the Enemy first brought thither Biron and after that the King himself In many light and accidental Skirmishes of Horse the French went off Victor And Velasco avoided a Pitch'd-Battel desiring to preserve the Towns In the Dutchy of Burgundy King Henry subjected to his Power the City of Dijon which in the last Civil War of France follow'd the Guisian Faction then headed by the Duke de Mayn to whom there was nothing left Fortified in that Dukedom but Chalons sur la Saone But when he began to prosecute his Victory into the Bounds of the County or Earldom the Switzers interceded him to respite his Fury because being bound at that time by Leagues to the House of Austria they were obliged to resist all Force that should be offer'd either to the Government of Millain of the County of Burgundy Whereupon King Henry took occasion by means of a Truce to withdraw his Army without any dishonour he himself being even tyred out with the Controversie and the thing it self contended for not being worth so many lives And also being sollicited by Cambray he marched that way when a sorrowful Messenger met him with the News of the loss of the City Therefore he accused his Allies That he himself being employ'd in Wars at so great a distance they had betrayed to the Enemy the Confines both of France and the Netherlands That they gave him other hopes that his Borders should not be left destitute of Aid else why should he so often have refused Conditions of Peace when offered to him And if they repented them of their League that he was yet ready to agree with the Spaniard The Hollanders excused themselves to these Taunts with the necessities of that year and furnished the King with Corn and Money and two Regiments of men the one of Scots the other of Zelanders under the Leading of Justine of Nassau wherewith being well Recruited he fell into Vermandois and careful that where he had now begun the Enemy might not break further into the Bowels of the Country the people of Soissons being subdued he shut up Fayer with a difficult and Winter-Siege But by how much the States more earnestly endeavour'd to please the King by so much more grievously they offended Queen Elizabeth for King Henry's prosperity in stead of pity had renewed in the English Nation their old Envy and the Queen was incensed with the difference of his Religion especiall for that she knew what Laws and how dangerous to the Protestants the Pope had prescribed to King Henry for the obtaining his Peace And this was the Reason that lately before upon his desiring of her four Regiments of men for whose Pay the City of Paris should ingage their Credit The Queen answer'd That it was an inconsiderate Desire proceeding from his Youth to request her to denude her Kingdom which was â—â—â—ed at by so many Treasons yet if he would deliver to her Diope Bulloin and Calais she would furnish him with some Souldiers This gave suspition to the French and besides there was added that lately in Bretaign a Province of France the English were unworthily Treated nor could be admitted to such places as they desired the Actions of their Predecessors being objected against them But Queen Elizabeth sent Letters to the Hollanders and one Thomas Budleigh objecting to them with much Regret the Aid they sent to France saying They could not want her help who could so freely gratifie others Whereto the States made this Answer That they did it not out of any ambitious counsel but meer necessity that the Enemy being drawn into many places at once they might weary him out of breath and themselves get a breathing space for they were as it were forced in regard the Queen sent Pay onely for six hundred Foot and two hundred Horse which were in the Camp where as six thousand Foot and a thousand Horse of the League required the 〈◊〉 She on the other side replyed That although this was continued within the League that at the end of the War whatever was disbursed should be repaid yet she desired very earnestly payment of what she had laid out at leastwise that they would pay for some part thereof at the present and she would take the rest by Annual Portions Adding withall Threats That if she were not obeyed herein that she should take such course as her Lenity 〈◊〉 not use to be acquainted with To these the States after the return of many Thanks Desired the Queen to cast an Eye upon the present times to observe that the War was very burthensom to them and not wholly so successful as was hoped And that of late the enlargment of their Bounds had little increased their Tributes but much augmented their trouble and charge in the defence That their Merchandizing and Fishing Trade upon which two onely they lived that was spoiled by the detention of their Ships in Spain and this oftentimes the Injuries of the English and the Dunkirkers Pyraous much impaired and the Sea also had done them very great damages by Innundations Over all which if they should now be forced to repay to England the Money due and also the Queen should openly fly from the Covenants of the League the French already beginning to stagger It was with great reason to be feared that the insinuating Designs of the Enemy and the Allurements of a dangerous Peace would prevail with the people But it was not to be avoided however but that the States must pay with their own Money the English Souldiers that lay not in the Towns put to Pledg to the Queen While these things were arguing between them some new Endeavours of the Enemy brought the Queen to be more mild towards these her Allies For the Spaniards out of French Bretaign had fallen into Cornwal wasting the Country and carrying away great Booty together with some honourable persons and also they began in the open Face of the World to assist the Rebellion in Ireland which Country was from all Antiquity possessed by many Petty Princes Natives thereof Of whom Dermack the Son of Munhard the most Potent was despoiled of his Dominion for many Acts of Tyranny by him committed Whereupon he got to him for his Son-in-law and Assistant Richard Earl of Pembrook who making War there in Ireland very successfully was recalled by an Edict of Henry the Second King of England and compell'd to transfer all his Right and hope of Principality to the King who himself in defence of hir new Acquisition went into Ireland with a great Army and made some of the Lords by Force others by Treaties and Promises to acknowledge his Authority as Supream But such was the blindness and simplicity of that Age that it was believed a great support
in the Kings Name As That Besancos claiming liberty to it self under the Reverence due to the German Empire might be restored to that Burgundy which is subject is the Spaniards That the Citizens of Aquisgrave might be compelled to submit to the Decree which commanded the Magistrates to receive the Catholick Religion and from thenceforth to forbid all Novel Rites of Religion That as to the Ansiatike Cities He would not suffer the English unpunished to infest the Sea by Pyracy And that the Spaniard for the listing and raising of Souldiers in Germany might be assisted by publick Authority which hitherto had been allowed but by permission But the chief hopes of the Spaniard were removed a great distance into the Dutchy of Cleves and Juliers where the Wife of the mad Duke being struck suddenly dead had with new jealousies and suspitions inflamed the old discords The Counsellors retained the Government against the wills of most of the Native Noblemen enjoying the benefit of their false report that the Duke was recovered These because they ordained for the Duke another Wife of the Family of Lorraign were believed to have wished and plotted the death of the former and now while the Spanish Affairs prospered arrived to that pitch of pride that they commanded the Procurators of the Marquess of Brandenburg and the Palatine of Newburg to depart out of their Territories and besides they sent to the United States with great demanding if they expected ought from them The States knowing their own imbecility and their Enemies strength modestly answered that they were Friends both to the Marquess of Brandenburg and the Palatine of Newburg yet nevertheless they would observe peace with them so long as they remained within the rights of Peace yet wished them to be advised lest they fetched forreign Forces out of Germany to their great damage Soon after they accused and prepared to degrade from his Honour Count Brugny and several others of the Protestants as guilty of a Plot against them And at the same time sent to excuse themselves to Albertus that they were compelled to dissemble many things and to defer them until more seasonable and happy opportunities And Mendoza had brought it to passe that these mens Authority was confirmed by the Emperours Decree And when they requested more in answer whereto the Emperour declared that He himself feared to give offence to the Protestants whose Ayd and Assistance would be very necessary for him in his War against the Turks Mendoza replyed that remote Wars ought so to be minded that in the mean while neerer injuries should not be tolerated And now the Spaniard admits a discourse of Peace being very acceptable to Germany though without any Reason or hope from himself And Albertus wrote to King Philip to that purpose Whereupon the Emperour sent to the States a Nobleman to require safe Conduct for some Embassadors that were to come thither which when they excused the Spaniards were from their own words charged with the Envy of the refused Peace yet did Albertus keep the people obedient to him 〈◊〉 whit the less by the hope of Settlement While all these Accidents happen in and about the Netherlands in the interim a Fleet of English and Hollander which I spoke of before passed up and down the Spanish Seas victorious The cause of sending it was because it appear'd to the Queen that the Spaniards had gather'd together a great Navy wherewith he intended to take some Pole in France or near thereabout Nor were the Threats vented â— years before quite forgotten and that the Earl of Tyrone then Rebelling in Ireland was greatly assisted and incourag'd with the hope of Spanish Supplyes And thereupon it was thought very necessary because both the charge and occasion offer'd it self to divert those Forces raised and prepared for Defence of her Borders against he procraâ—inating Enemy In this Fleet there were drawn together 16 of the Queens great Ships and 40 lesser Ships all fit for War whereto were added 50 more for carrying Souldiers and transporting Provisions Rebâ—â— Earl of Essex was made General of all the Land-Forces a person in great favour with the Queen for the Honour of his Age. The Charge of the Fleet was committed to the Lord Charls Howard the Admiral thereof both of them had equal power and authority which Thing hath ever been observed prejudicial to Enterprises of that Nature and to have damnified them and hindred their Success They were both of very unsuitable Dispositions Essex in a Youthful Heat of Bloud seeking to get to himself both the Honour and Name of Chief Captain was wont to force the Queen into Arms under the Notion of Danger though she her self as a Woman endeavour'd to avoid Expences And that the Fleet might the more honourably proceed he expended therein no smal matter of his own Estate himself shewing the way to his Relations and Familiars that they might follow his Example Howard being a person more wary of managing Affairs by reason of his Age tended to the contrary and endeavour'd by all means he could to delay the going out of the Fleet And when it was ready he had perswaded the Queen that she would admonish Essex by her Letters that he would desist from that dangerous Vndertaking and that she would re-imburse him what he had laid out But he because he was not plainly forbidden answer'd That he would proceed in his Voyage and doubted not his good Fortune Nor did he refuse his Emulator to be equal with him in Command knowing that his own Authority was greater with the Sea-men and that he upon any Miscarriage should be less blamed where all Things were done with a Companion And besides under pretence of Honour he had won as many Noble-men as he could to go with him who he knew had no kindness for him lest in his absence they should do him greater damage at home There were added to both of them as Counsellors several great Souldiers and no Order should be effectual but what was approved by the consent of the greater part of them The Queen 's principal Care was That they should fall upon the Spanish Fleet that was set out against England or Ireland and destroy whatever they met to that intent Moreover And if they could intercept the Ships coming from the Indies or elsewhere the Prey therein taken should be the Reward of their well-deservings The Ships set out by the Hollanders and the rest of the League were in number 24. the greatest part of which were well fitted and prepar'd for War the Admiral whereof was John Duvenvord Warmondt to whom next to the Prince the chief Command in Sea-Affairs through Holland was committed Also there were some selected men out of the English Regiments then in Pay in the Low-Countries sent aboard which indeed were the strength of the Fleet and a Pattern to the Fresh-water Souldiers And the States willingly consented to it that they might by such a Friendly Office please the incensed
of November he set forth an Edict wherein declaring with many Circumlocutions the grievousness of the Usury he suffer'd insomuch that Husbandry ceased and Merchandizing was left off That the Customs of the Kingdom the Tenths of Priests granted to him by the Pope and the Tributes of several Nations were all detained by most unjust Covenants which the fear of worse Evils had extorted And in regard that ail his many Labours in behalf of Christianity would be perverted unless some speedy course were taken to supply or prevent those Necessities Wherefore without any other pretence of words he declared That whatsoever had been by him pawned or laid to pledge was absolutely free from every such Obligation So that he presently laid hold of all his Possessions leaving to the Usurers at the present nothing but hopes Adding withall this Proviso That whatsoever had been paid above lawful Interest should be deducted from the Principal In the mean while a great many were stripped of their Wealth though some under a false pretence of Poverty abused it to great advantage And this same Calamity for the like Reasons fell also upon some in the Netherlands The Arch-Duke hereby was surprized with such a want of Money that the next year he suffer'd by it most inexplicable Damage So that at last all came to his wonted course not so much for shame of the Creditors who cryed out There was no Faith left if the Royal Power would take upon it self the infringement of Covenants as because the Names of the Revenues coming in were various and where hence Money should be brought the Ways were infested with Thieves and the Charges of the War required a present Remedy But this could not be obtained before the Promises and Engagements were renewed by the Restauration of the Pawns and promise to pay every Moneth Eighteen Thousand Duckets and adde to the old Bank Four Hundred more the Third Part of which to be paid in Spain and the Residue in the Netherlands by Bill of Exchange But among the Hollanders as the Dearth and scarcity of Provision in Italy decreased so did their Revenues both publick and private For supply whereof the Hollanders besides their old Taxes lately increased an Eighth Part imposed a new one whereby they might restrain Riot and Excess daily increasing or else bring the Gain thereof to the publick Advantage There was a Rate set upon all those that sold Silk and other such like pretious Commodities for Garments But when as the Collector began to put in Execution the said Tax at first the People began to rail with scurrilous Language but afterward they fell to open force and blows They who without grudging underwent the burden of daily Provision for Extraordinaries yet strove against this as if it had bin for their Liberty But this seem'd a Reproach not a Tribute for the Contumacy of some so witstood the publick Authority that it appear'd unsafe to incline to the contrary But in Frizeland they who had the charge both of the Cities and the Country not yet agreeing while every one defends his Possessions against the payment of Tributes they made it evident with what Diseases chiefly the Common-wealth may be afflicted where there is not likewise a common profit But the chief care of the Nobles was bent to settle and confirm a League between themselves and the French and English for hitherto they had given Assistance one to the other at request and their own pleasure which had sometimes been the cause of Complaints among them and on all sides produced Threats tending to the breach of Peace But the Hollanders who had perpetual cause of War and as for the most part such Alliances overstrain the Inferiours while their Forces were at War in France or at Sea with the English lost Hulst and all the Tributes growing out of Flanders no man caring for their Griefs or Losses In the mean while the French not dissembling concerning Calais and the Succours sent too late complainad That the King's Confidence was deluded who lying at the Siege of Fayer with his own Forces fear'd the danger of no part less than of the Sea-Coast And their Courage was heightned from de Maiu and others of that Faction who had preferred the King's Pardon before the Commerce of Foreign Pride And now the great Council of the whole Kingdom of France being summon'd at Roan there appear'd the lawful Face of a Kingdom Nor was there any great aversion in King Philip from hearkning to Pacification which as it was true so that he should marry the King of France his Daughter was first onely a Spanish Device a little after strengthned with a false â—umour But Queen Elizabeth the Counts of Bulloin and Sancy being sent Embassadors to her from France at such time as Albertus had taken Calais at first shew'd her self very strange towards them as if she could very ill spare to lend them five and twenty thousand Scutes But shortly after taking a nearer view of the danger of her own accord she not onely kept the Embassadors with her but treated with them of a more setled League the Conditions and Articles whereof were then begun to be discoursed of In the interim the talk of Peace more and more increasing the King signified to the Vnited States and by that Name they being much troubled that the King had changed his Religion that he was so high in the Pope's Favour that he accepted of him to be a Moderator and Reconciler of Differences in Religion nor was it a wonder if he endeavour'd to win the Minds of the Vulgar by the pretence of Peace But if the League was confirm'd he would be ready to invade the Borders of Artois with 8000 men which was beyond the strength of his Nobility But for all this great ostentation when at the Siege of Hulst a little after such an Action would have been most acceptable the French never so much as made an offer to stir And besides Count Bulloin being return'd home and again to be sent into England for conclusion of the League was detained Three Moneths And there was at this time a Truce agreed between the Garrisons of Calais and Bulloin all which Things the French excused thus That they were not able to bring forth their Army because the French Nobility are always wont to rest themselves from all Actions Military in time of Harvest and not onely so but the Netherlandish Border also were visited with the Plague That the League was delay'd onely while it might be fully deliberated in all the French Parliaments and that the Truce was quickly broken off But the Hollanders had more to do with Queen Elizabeth who now for two years together had required them to come to an Account and re-imburce her Money enumerating the Successes of the War not without a shew of Emulation and the stately structures of their Cities And on the other side declaring her own Necessities which she could not supply with continual Veins
all done the former Year wherein at last by the Decree of the Emperour Rudolphus the English that exercised the Manufactories of Cloth within the Bounds of the Germane Empire were commanded by a certain Day to depart Nor did the Queen indulge much longer time to the Ansiatikes in England And it was in vain to begin Treaties in regard there could be no convenient Meetings for the English departing from Stoad which was the chief Seat for their Trading from thence all sort of Traffick and Negotiating Factories were translated to Bruges though it had been sometime at Antwerp and from thence again it was forced to remove by the miseries of the War and then the Merchants for the betrer chusing of themselves a convenient station the War being now carryed away to the Borders they compassed and tryed most of the Cities of Holland who were in Trading as in the midst of a feâ—led Peace by whose Emulation and contending who should excel most in rich Presents to them they were divided in Opinions But at last complaining that the Waters in many places were not good for the washing of their Wools they setled at Middleburg in Walchâ—ren from whence also part of the same Body again had formerly gone away when the Affairs of Antwerp were in a distracted Condition as well by a Siege as by Fear The States for the inviting of Society and Commerce answer'd all Things to the Desires of their Suitors as knowing that their Company would advance both their Stock and Tributes Much time was spent in contriving Covenants between the English and Germans In the interim the Hollanders whom they of Flanders not long before forced Home having gotten the Manufactory of Cloth to Leyden and Harlem by the same mightily increased those places making to themselves an advantage from other mens harms yea and several Renegadoes of Portugal part of which were the Remainders of the Jews in that Kingdom that they might be free from question for professing the Religion of their Country and also out of hope of greater Gain much advanced the bigness and Trade of Amsterdam and their Navigation at Sea by how much they were more subject to danger in Spain by so much they spread themselve far and wide into other parts of the World One Wind brought out of the Baltike Sea one hundred and fifty ships all laden with Corn which by the Covetousness of the Merchants was either so kept up or dispersed into Forreign Parts that the Price of Corn was no whit abated thereby and this was reckoned among the Advantages of the Common wealth not onely for the Gain it brought from abroad but because Necessity had reduced Matters to that pass that any one could live more easily than he that Tiâ—led the Ground They went also by other Seas towards Constantinople and the Ports of Syria and Egypt and the Islands in the Egeau Seas under the Name and Protection of English or French Traders In all which places they passed backward and forward with safety But yet they could not avoid but that they might be intercepted either by the Spaniard or if they escaped him they might fall upon the Coasts of Barbary or meet a Turkish Galley by all which being Enemies to one another they were sure to be seized and taken as Enemies And in all these Cases the Danger was more grievous for that the Fortune and Custom of their War is such that the smallest of their suffering or punishment is to pay an excessive Ransom for their Liberty And certainly herein the Merchants Avarice is worthily accused who run their Ships naked both of Men and Arms into so great and univoidable Dangers and yet do not endeavour to win some Vindicators of their Rights in those Barbarous Regions but are glad to fly to the Patronage of them by joyning with some of whom the rest become more inraged For the Hollanders follow'd the French and English as they formerly did the Venetians from whence sprung among Christians Discords concerning Gain rather than a Sacred Society which heir Name obliged them to The same Spring and the Summer that follow'd no less than fourscore Sail of Ships of great Bulk and Burden set out for long Voyages part went to the Golden Shore of Ethiopia part to the Indies and the Molluca Islands and some to America or that part of the World which is opposite to Us or to the Streights of Magellan Questionless this is no new Thing to make several Attempts in divers places a once About this time one of the Ships of Zeland which had bin at the Indies upon the English Coast either by the sticking of the Rudder in a Shelf or for want of Balast turning on one side at all the Port-holes of the Guns which by chance were open took in the Sea and on a suddain was overwhelmed in the Waves and all her Lading which consisted most of Silver together with the men that were in it were uâ—terly lost Unfoâ—tunate also and full of Damage was that audacious Attempt of Balthazar Mucero who being a Merchant and revolving in his Mind how to acquire a New Government because the States and Prince Maurice had granted him Letters of Mart upon his Request assayed to take from the Portugezes and King Philip a certain Island in the Ethiopick Sea upon the Bennine Shore near the Equinâ—ctial Circle which although it were not over-fertile yet it was very convenient for such as passed that way Two hundred Souldiers and Marriners blown up with Hope that they should each of them have six hundred Florens Yearly Wages took his part Over these he placed as Commander Julianus Clerhage a Captain of a restless Nature and unfaithful to his Country and its Governours for under the Earl of Leicester he was not so free from Sedition but that he was accused to have been willing to have had a hand therein To him were joyn'd other young men of small Fortune At first they flatter'd the Islanders and Natives and upon pretence of Feasting upon a private persons words the chief men of the Island were cunningly allured into the Ships and there kept giving to the Portugezes this hope That they should find the Friendship of Holland more advantagious to them than the Castilian and promising the Natives a more moderate Servitude And now by sowing the Land with Seed and using other Husbandry they began very successfully to flourish But the Priest of the Island instigated to Revengeful Arms and Slaughter all the men who were of their own record fearful of Things untryed and choosing rather their old and known Slavery Thus their first Instigator being afterwards taken and put to death by a pretence of Law the Multitude were so exasperated by his Death and Punishment that they continually were in Counsel to Rebel though at the present they seem'd to crave both Peace and Pardon But some oâ—her Legates of Mucero were slain by Treachery not without suspition of Clerhage as having purposely removeâ— the Watch
should be raised onely in their Name and should fight under their sole Command and at their Charge And from thenceforth the so much envyed Authority of the English Embassadour was absolutely taken away Yet still the Queens Priviledge of nominating an Assistant to sit with the Senate was reserved If the Queens Enemies should invade her either by Land or Sea or the Queen should think sit to make War upon her Enemies the Dutch upon notice should add to her Fleet 30 or 40 lusty and stout Ships together with an Army of Five Thousand Foot and Five Hundred Horse Upon these Articles and Covenants a firm Agreement was made but reserving to the Queen her Right that she might vindicate her cause against the Netherlander under the King of Spain's Jurisdiction There was excepted out of this League Palavine's Debt of Fourscore Thousand Florens which was afterwards privately compounded It was not that England chose Peace rather than War by this League but that as it was eased of a Burthen so it had gained thereby a Fortification Not long after this some were taken who went about to poyson Queen Elizabeth and in Ireland by one happy Fight and the taking of a Castle was the cruel Tyrone made Prisoner while he was drawing the Province of Munster to partake in his Rebellion No more did the Hollanders repent them of their Old Resolution although there was a new Face of Affairs with the Enemy and many ways were sought to invite them Aod now the Report of the New Marriage grew every day more frequent these being Letters brought to the Netherlanders by Friasio whereby the whole Government of them was turned over to the Princess Isabella The Causes and Articles of which King Philip published to be these When by the Pope's Licence he had destined and by the Consent of all his Relations Resolved to bestow his best Beloved Daughter in Marriage upon his Kinsman he conceiv'd it would be of great Advantage to the Netherlanders to the advancement of Peace and settlement of the present Government that they might always have their Prince present among them which their Ancestors could not be in regard of their many and great Cares and therefore he did give and grant unto his said Daughter all the whole Country of the Netherlands and every part thereof together with Charlois and the County of Burgundy together with the Name of Duke of Burgundy for the French had long since got the possession thereof yet so that himself and his Successours Kings of Spain should enjoy the Honour of the same Title with the chief place among the Knights or Companions of the Golden Fleece being an Order instituted by his Fore-Fathers Adding moreover all other Things that were thought fit by Men learned in the Law for Confirmation of the Premisses by which the Rights of Principality and the Revenues and all other Incidents pertaining thereto might the more rightly descend and pass unto the said Isabella and her Posterity These Things were the more remarkable because Philip using the word Clientole did declare That he gave all those Dominions to his Daughter in Fee And this seems to be added because the greatest part of the Lands were held of the Empire and other part of the Crown of France and then because by his Command the Oath which the Nobles had formerly taken was to be alter'd now from the Obligation to himself in a New Obedience to his Daughter And if any thing contained in these Instruments seemed to contradict the Law in my point that he did confirm by his Supream and Royal Authority And if it should happen that no Children should proceed of this Marriage or that Issue Male or Female did ever fail all the aforesaid Premisses and the Right thereof to revert to the Kings of Spain And this was given as a Reward to the Merits of Albertus that he might have the Government of the Netherlands as a Comfort to his Wiâ—owship And if there were any Issue then the use and profits thereof but nothing to descend to the Heir besides the Revenue of the Dutchy of Lutzenburg and the County of Chiny There was also prescribed an Order of Succession First to the Male then to the Female and so to the Younger and the Elder Daughters Nephew should procede the Younger Son That it should not be lawful to divide or alien the Lands unless by the King's Licence And it was provided also that this Gift should return to the Donor many ways As if any Woman should for the future attain the Netherlands that it should presently return to the Hands of the King of Spain or his Heirs neither might it be lawful for a Son or Daughter being Princes of the Country to marry or otherwise alter their condition unless by the Consent of the same King Moreover They are forbidden by themselves or their Ministers to intermeddle in the Trade of America or the Indies and that every one coming to that Government is to swear to these Articles and also to maintain the Romane Catholike Religion And if any thing be done to the contrary the Right of the Netherlands to come to the Spaniards These Instruments were signed by the Father and attested by Witnesses the Sixth of May. The same day the King's Son and Heir Philip also by Name gave his Consent to the same by Writing carefully taking Cautions according to the Laws There were divers Speeches concerning this matter and they disagreeing among themselves as is usual in such Cases Some accused this as an Evil Custom that the Heads of Free-men or any private Service should be rated and valued That it was onely used by Barbarians to give and bestow Dominions For of what value was a Prince among them who never knew what belonged to Lordship But to them that make a distinction between Right and Wrong it is nothing ambiguous because the matter belonging to the People makes the Government from thence be called a Commonwealth The ordering whereof as it is in some places committed to the Nobles or Senate so with most it is setled under the Tuition of a Prince Nor was there ever any just Empire but what begun by the Consent of the People who have trusted the Defence thereof either to one Single Person or else by reason of Faction in Suffrages to more who have this onely Reward of their Honour that next to their own Welfare they take Care of the benefit of their Subjects Which as it is true every where so is it more manifest among the Netherlanders who being neither Conquer'd by Arms nor yet willing of their own accord to serve will not suffer their Princes to do many Things but with a Limited Power and Revenues it being chiefly forbidden left at any time they should break any part of the Trust commiâ—ted to them And therefore in former Time the Daughters were put off with a small Portion in Money To the rest of the Children were given Governments and other small Offices the
Instructions to their Commissioners by a new example had bound and tyed them up by secret and private orders To which it was answered that that should in no manner hinder the business in regard the States themselves were present who as any one Head or Article of Peace was agreed on should immediately confirm the same by their Authority for it was consented to by both that all things should not be proposed at once in general but each thing particularly as the same was to be decided or debated The Hollanders insisted on this that they might try the Enemies minds at the beginning by the most difficult things whether they only desited a Treaty or really intended a Peace But the Spaniards were for a more dilatory way and that they might avoid any concessions they should be forced to as often as they thought fit The Spaniard offered either a Peace or a Truce a long time keeping secret what at last almost too late was known that they could not indure a Peace upon equal tearms but would consent to such a Truce On the other side the States from the very beginning professed they desired to put an end to the War and not only to give an intermissive Cessation thereto for it was manifest that the exhausted Forces of the Spaniard would in time reâ—â—â— and in the inâ—eriâ—â— the Neighbour Kingdoms might grow evilly affected towards them besides many other things were spoken against a Truce which we shall hereafter commemorate Wherefore at this very time they began to Treat about a Peace the first branch whereof was about the confession of the liberty of Holland upon which matter the Debate being begun Don Richardot said In matters not to 〈◊〉 if they please to make themselves a Kingdom 〈◊〉 he desired them that the Covenants might be so made in such words at might do least prejudice to the Kings Honour The Confederate States desired that the King and Arch Dukes should in their own Name and the Name of their Heirs and Successors for ever desist from their Claym of the Seven Provinces and Lingen and Trent and whatever else they possessed so as for the future they should not use either their Arms or Titles But the Spaniards grievously complained both to the French and English of this contumelious demand as they pleased to call it protesting that it was a devestable thing that harder â—aws should be imposed on them by that People then Kings are wont to prescribe to Kings The Kingdom of Navarre is possessed by the Spaniard yet the antient Inheâ—â—tors thereof retain the Honour of the Title The King of Great Britain entitles himself to France yet neither is the French offended with this or the Spaniard with that for the Spaniard himself hath nothing of the Kingdom of Jerusalem but the Name whereto when the Hollanders replyed That Kingdoms were supported by their Majesty But free People could never be wary or cautelous enough and that the loss of a few words would be no great matter in the great and swelling Titles of the House of Austria at last the Spaniards did admit the condition so as all other things might be likewise concluded This easiness of the Spaniard was suspected by wise men not was it without Reason at that time conjectured that they had speciously consented to that demand being so popular and pleasing to all because there remained other things which being within the words of their conceded liberty would destroy both their Power and Wealth or else things not equally common with them and the Confederates would involve them in dissentions In the progress of the Treaty the Solemnity usually in Leagues concerning the Oblivion of all acts of Hostility and the prohibiting making of Seizures took up little or no debate But when they came to the point of Commerce the Spaniards declared that the Hollanders must abstain from going to the Indies and other long Voyages by Sea as not used before the War and that this was the main Reason that moved Philip to hearken to Peace Nor was their liberty of so small concernment to them as that they would refuse to give such a price for it especially no damage accruing thereby since instead thereof they should have the benefit of the Spanish Trade which is nearer to them and more safe which while it formerly continued free to them they never once thought of the Indies Adding further that by the Treaty of Verbin neither the French nor the English by the Treaty made at London were admitted to go into those parts which the Castilians and Portugueses alone had for so many years challenged to themselves as the first finders thereof But the Embassadors of France and England refelled this affirming what was lawful by the priviledge of nature and not prohibited by any League they esteemed it unquestionably permitted and by that right they used it But these things during the time of the Treaty were debated in Books and Writings wherein was set before them the love of their Country and the private gain from the Indies to be preferred before the Spanish Dominion that was unjust how great therefore was the necessity of the Hollander who having nothing but a barren Soyl and full of Marishes gain Wealth and Glory from the Sea wherein with their own strength they are able to cope with their most powerful Enemies Nor would the adjoyning Seas that lie near about them be sufficient to maintain so great a multitude There being used in the Voyage to Guiny 20 good Ships to the Islands of Salt fourscore to the rest of the Coast of America almost twenty and to India only 40. wherein and whereby were imployed no less then eight thousand Seamen from all whom by such a League they would take away their Livelyhood or in effect command or rather compel them to flight a thing ignoble in every Citizen but odious and abominable towards them who deserved so much and so well of the Common-wealth As well private as publick Utility should be something respected it being well known how mightily in a short time the gain of the Indian Trade was increased and it might easily be collected by the profit thereof for these last fifteen years what might be hoped for from them in the future there yet remained Cambaya Malabar Crilon Narsinga Coroâ—iandell and certain other places hitherto unknown and but slightly enquired after Now what if that of China and America opposite to the other Ocean should he looked after and the yet undiscovered World under the South Pole should wait to be made known by the Hollanders let the Spanish and the Indian Trade be divided between them yet the last will not be admitted to be lost hitherto â—ince it hath still been used by the French and English this in effect is no other then to seek the recovery which may be continually lost and in the mean time certainly to loose what can never be recovered for a Society once dissolved cannot by any means
so horrid a Fact and from thenceforth banish'd the Jesuits For to these chiefly both the English Hollanders and French did impute the fostring of such Doctrines on purpose breeding Youth whom under the Notions of Piety and Magnanimity they inflame and incouraging them with Old and Neâ— Examples how often Tyrants who are Enemies to the Publike have been destroy'd by the Fortunate Darings of private Hands Concerning this Order because Opportunity presents it self and others have spoken little concerning them I intend succinctly to Discourse The first Founder of that Order was Ignatius Loyala who being much weakned by a Wound received in the Ward Navarre at Pumpeiopolis withdrew his Mind being yet Warlike and full of Courage unto Businesses of a more peaceable Concern Among the rest he grew ambitious of Erecting a New Order To which in hope of its future Greatness he would not according to Custom give it the Name from some more famous Man or Woman but even from JESUS himself Being Assembled by Authority of them who can License such Novelties they reverenced with incredible study two Things chiefly to wit the Pope's Power and the Spaniard's Wealth And at their beginning they were main and eminent Props to the decaying Cause inducing in defence thereof what had hitherto been neglected Manners unblameable and sound Learning they exercised themselves in frequent Disputes against divers Religions which in those times had insulted over the Romane Name They augmented their Glory both in America and the Indus where among Barbarous Nations by the Teaching of Christianity they adde mightily to Philip's Empire yea and many famous Miracles have been done by them as is believed with great facility from confident Asseverations for that the Longinquity of places excludes further Tryals however they are in abundance whether in real Truth or but pretended They are the persons in whom thou may'st require fidelity and modesty Their Authority with the Vulgar is very great by reason of their Sanctity of Life and because they instruct Youth in Learning and the Precepts of Wisdom without taking any Reward for their pains They have their Provincials in every City and Nation and there is one Superiour over all the rest throughout the World who is for the most part a Spaniard They command with great Wisdom and obey with equal Fidelity They follow not the common Custom of other Orders to live all together It seemed too poor to include within Walls their growing Society They Baptize and solemnize Matrimony and the first thing they are taught is To lay aside all Humane Affections and to cast away the fear of Death They chiefly take into their Society none but such as are very eminent either for Ingenuity Bloud or Riches and they reap a great benefit from all those things For first they distinguish Ingenuity no less prudently than they chuse it pitching always upon such whom they hope will grow famous either for Eloquence or digesting pious Meditations into Writing By their Nobility they are admitted into the greatest Councils being of an incomparable Sagacity in making Searches and Experiments and because there is no Engine so strong as Religion for the laying open of Secrets And their Wealth fits them for Embassies and all other publike Employments By which Policies though they are the youngest of all other Orders yet they have far surpassed all the rest in a short time both in Reputation and Wealth and therefore are hated by them and their manner of Life upbraided as contrary to Rule But they being above the Envy of their Emulators even rule Prince's Houses by a laudable moderation for they observe a mean between sordid submission and severe arrogant neither totally eschewing nor following other mens Vices These are the main Wheel whereon the Spanish Greatness and Empire moves by which they maintain Peace at Home and sow Trouble and Sedition abroad For those Catholikes have receiv'd a portion of these mens Spirit which through France and England yea and Holland it self do in the former maintain the Rights of a Kingdom and in the last dispute against it And although they are banish'd all those places upon pain of Death yet is that Danger no Obstacle to them nor doth impede either their Confidence or Policy But the Emperour did not forbear again to motion the making of Peace although before refused and stain'd with such monstrous Actions as we before related upon the common pretence of Germany viz. the Care of his Brother's Honour Not did he seem onely to admonish them to it but calling a Diet at Ratisbone of the Princes and Cities of the Empire he had caused it to be concluded That they should be compelled therâ— by Arms for that they dampnified both themselves and theâ— Neighbours by the perpetual miseries of War But these things as they made onely a Noise never proceeding further than Words and Threats so they were accordingly taken notice of for the Turk then chiefly being ready to fall upon the Cities of Hungary as well the Care as the Forces of Germany was taken up and could not have leisure to mind the Affairs of such as belonged not to them This year also the States of the United Provinces received a very great and most honourable Signal of Affection from James King of Scotland as well as the Kings of France England and Denmark who were invited to the Baptizing of his Eldest Son born by his Wife who was the King of Denmark's Daughter And their Liberality was correspondent to the Honour done to them as witnessed their most rich Presents given to the Princely Infant who was named Henry Frederick They renewed their antient Amity with the Scots and restored all the Rights of Trade and Commerce and all other matters formerly concluded with the Princes of the Netherlands and particularly with the last Charles But a Partnership in Arms was in vain wished for by the Scot and the Dane and that the Princes of Germany should be ingaged to the same Affinity for their Peace was safe and unmolested and there was no reason why they should go to thrust themselves into other Folks Troubles 'T is thought there was some hope gather'd from Scotland not without cause offended with the Spaniard who had for many years disturbed the Peace of that Kingdom by Factions From hence proceeded many of those sharp and severe Laws against Catholikes and hence by increasing hatred came those who would transfer the most just Hope and Title of James to the Kingdom of England upon the Spaniard's Dâ—ughter but surely by most absurd and incongruous Arguments but nevertheless such as discover'd a mind ready to do him any injury But as well the Scot as the rest of the Princes cast off from one to another the beginning to thwart a Power so formidable to all The Embassadors that had been sent into Scotland returning by England the chief whereof Waldgrave Brâ—derode whose Noble Birth advanced the Honour and Worth of the Common-wealth together with James Count