Selected quad for the lemma: england_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
england_n	emperor_n	king_n	league_n	3,609	5	9.4892	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A38741	Europæ modernæ speculum, or, A view of the empires, kingdoms, principalities, seignieuries [sic], and common-wealths of Europe in their present state, their government, policy, different interest and mutual aspect one towards another, from the treaty at Munster, anno 1648, to this present year.		1666 (1666)	Wing E3417A; ESTC R30444	129,187	283

and hospitable to Strangers The People generally thrifty and diligent in their Callings and of very good converse and civility The Religion is altogether Lutheran but the Bishops have more Authority and better Maintenance here than in Sweden but I know not what they do for a Metropolitan since the Archi-Episcopal See of Londen in Schonen which was the Primacy of Denmark was assigned to the Swede In elder times this Church depended upon the Arch-Bishoprick of Bremen and then the eldest Son of the King of Denmark which was in use till the Treaty of Munster was stiled the Arch-Bishop of Bremen but that dependance was removed to London above 500. years since and whether it will be removed now is uncertain The Strength of this Kingdom is mostly Naval the Danes proving better Water than Land Souldiers and more affecting the Employment yet of modern times they have dared also by Land their Conquest of Sweden was not above 300. years agoe not to mention their old Conquests with Us in 1628. they enterprised upon the Emperour in behalf of the Liberty of Germany of which as Duke of Holstein he was a free Prince although unfortunately Nevertheless the Enemy could not but acknowledge the Gallantry of King Christiern and dealt with him accordingly Since which time they were willing to be at quiet till the opportunity of the Polish War invited this King Frederick the 3d. to revenge the injurious Violence done to his Country of Holstein by the Swedes in 1643. and 4. which was acted partly by the instigation of the Dutch who perceiving the Dane screwed up the Rate of the Toll Money in the Sound for which by an old Treaty those Netherlands were to pay but a Rose-Noble for every Ship without searching or visiting and this was paid because of the Lights Tuns and Marks at Sea kept and maintained by the King of Denmark which Payment from the time of their separation from Spain he had raised at his own pleasure searching the Ships and seizing the Goods under pretence of Contrebanda or prohibited Merchandise By a League made in 1640. with the Swede they insinuated this Grievance which also offended that Queens Subjects so that in conclusion the Dane betwixt the Swedes Land Forces and the appearance of the Dutch Fleet was forced to a new Agreement with the Hollander at a set easie rate for the Toll which afterwards in 1650. having made the like defensive League with the Dane they Farmed at 140000. Peices of 8. per annum for some term with a Proviso and Caution of not being searched for any Goods the Master only declaring what they were To return to an account of his Forces they may be thus computed First Such as the Nobility and Gentry are bound to raise for the publique service which are a considerable number And Secondly What the People furnish upon such occasions and these have formerly amounted to great Armies But the strength of the Kingdom is now exhausted and it is yet able to do little The preceding discourse leads me to consider of this Kings Revenue which chiefly consists in his Toll upon Ships aforesaid for he makes little of his own Customes Fish being his greatest Commodity and no great Port of Trade in all his Realm which hath fallen much since his late Agreement with the Dutch who have the sole Trade here almost and more by the Northern Passage to Russia found out many years since He had also a Toll of 50000. Oxen which went yearly out of North Jutland into Germany by Holstein but the Duke now receives that at his Toll-house erected at his Residence of Gottorp There are also some Crown Lands but they do not amount to any considerable Revenue The Interest of Denmark is by no means to dis-oblige the Emperour as his surest Friend against the Swede nor the Hollander unless upon insolent Encroachments against which he hath the King of England his nearest Ally to a sure Friend and Defence to watch and keep fair with the Swede his constant and natural Enemy and to that purpose to keep the Russian alwayes enjealousied of their Greatness to be at League with all the German Princes and make his Interest as strong with them as is possible to be perpetually Confaederated with the Pole Offensively and Defensively and so to cherish the French Kings Friendship as to keep him a Neuter betwixt the Swede and himself Lastly to love and respect the Crown of England above all other Friendships whatsoever With other Princes than these he hath no Concern only a civil Correspondence with Spain and Portugal in point of Trade and Commerce What he can do against the Turk or what Supply he can give the Emperour may appear by the preceding Discourse the late Wars having utterly disabled him so that besides his good will and his Prayers he can no way advantage the Christian Cause without much despoyling and injuring himself which that Occasion cannot expect and perchance will not need And it is most certain that the Turk took his Resolution of the late Invasion from the Embarassement and Difference between these two Northern Kings in which the Emperour the Pole and the Marquess of Brandenburg were so far engaged so that having suffered sufficiently and he being the only loser upon that account he may well be excused And so we pass to the Dutchy of Holstein HOLSTEIN THis Dutchy of Holstein ought to have been referred to the Survey of Germany of which this Duke is a Prince although he never comes to the Imperial Diets nor is subject to any impositions or Taxes laid upon the Empire only in case of Appeal some Causes have been carried to the Rix-Chamber at Spiers which are now discontinued because of its former dependance to the Crown of Denmark to which it was annexed some Ages since by the Election of Christopher Count of Oldenburgh Heir to Adolph last Duke hereof and hath remained as the Title and posseson of the eldest Son or the younger brothers of the said Crown we will not dis-joyn it from this entire view of both together It is seated in the Southern part of the Cimbrick Chersoness or the Peninsula made by the Baltique Sea on the German shore and is divided from the Danish Provinces of Jutland by the River Eydore It contains four Provinces viz. Heagerland in west near the Sea and the fall of two Rivers Lubeck is seated a famous Hanse Town neatly built and well traded but of more estimation in former times 2ly Stormarsh whereupon the Elbe stands Hamburgh another Hanse Town and of late more famed than Lubeck by reason of the English Staple of Cloath for its greatness of commerce 3ly Ditmarsh and 4ly Holstein properly so called The whole Peninsula is but 75 miles in length and 60 in breadth with the 2 Jutlands belonging to the King of Denmark so that this Dutchy can be reputed of little force although it consist of a great number of walled Cities and Towns and is very

accrument of Felicity by the Marriage of Frederick the 5th Nephew to Prince Maurice by his Sister Louisa married to Frederick the 4th with our Princess Elizabeth Daughter of King James some time before and his Investiture in the Crown of Bohemia by the Election of those States who indeed by the Concession of many Princes of the House of Austria themselves Letters reversate they call them and by their own Customes and Privileges had right thereunto but the choice and acceptation thereof being not so free and voluntary on his part for that some affronts were like to be put upon him by the Chamber of Spires who were ready to proceed to Sentence against him for his demolishing Udenheim which the Bishop of Spires whose Town it was was then a fortifying which Spinola afterwards took in hand and finished and called it Philipsburg now in the possession of the French The Reader is here to understand that in this Lower Palatinate there are several famous Imperial Towns and Bishopricks as Worms Spires although Feudatories for the most part of their Estates to the Princes Electors No sooner was the Palatine King of Bohemia but the War began to flame in Germany portended by a fearful Comet in 1618. in the first Battel whereof at Prague the King of Bohemia assisted by Bethlem Gabor's Transylvanians and Hungarians was totally routed by Count Bucquoy the young Prince of Anhalt slain a great slaughter made and Prague soon after taken This Battel was fought on the 5th of November 1620. and thereupon the King as he was then called fled to Breslaw in Silesia where he secured himself committing the care of his Estate to the Marquess of Anspach who was General of the Confederate Protestant Princes but being corrupted by Spinola's Gold who was sent for out of the Low Countries to attaque the Palatinate basely sold it and the Prince's Interest by which means Spinola shortly after reduced Manheim and Frankendale Garrisoned by the English but hopeless of relief Soon after King Frederick withdrew into Holland expecting some new undertake of his Quarrel and the Protestant Interest of which Ferdinand the 2d Emperour was a most violent and bitter Enemy And here he heard the issue of the Danish War more to his disadvantage till the Swede entred Germany when he followed that King and was by him upon some hard terms restored to his Estates which he enjoyed not long deceasing at Mentz November 29. 1632. But soon after his death and the King of Sweden's at the Battel of Lutzen the Imperialists over-ran the Country again having routed and broke the Swedish Power at the Battel of Nordlingen and although some Efforts were made by Prince Rupert with some Forces out of Holland in which service my Lord Craven and other English Gentlemen were engaged yet were they finally vanquished and driven out of the Country and hardly put to it by swimming to make their escapes So that the Country continued sequestred from the young Prince Elector till the Treaty at Munster by which he was restored to the Lower Palatinate and made an 8th Elector with the Office of Arch-treasurer for that his former Electoral Office together with all the Appurtenances of it and the County of Cham besides was conferred upon his Counn of Bavaria of the Gulielmin Line this being the Elder and called the Rodulphin but the Younger is farr more rich and powerful and the greatest Enemy to the other This Dignity and Estate being given the Bavarian for his assistance of the Emperour with Men and Money in this War By the same Treaty the Emperour was likewise to give the Elector's younger Brothers and Sisters their Portions in ready Money which Pro benevolo Caesareo affectu in domum Palatinam as the words run he did assent to and punctually pay and perform This Prince now quietly enjoyes what he had by that Treaty and hath been highly carressed by the present Emperour He hath married a Daughter of the House of Hassia between which Family and his there have been frequent Marches As to his Interest it lyes in a general Peace and Amity with all Princes but especially with the Emperour and next the Protestant Party and principally those of the Calvinian way which is the Religion professed in his Country and of which he was the Chief and Head in Europe His Alliance leads him to respect the Kings of England and Denmark and this King of Sweden's Father was born of his Aunt The Family of Nassaw and he are likewise near in Blood his Grandmother being the Sister of Prince Maurice and Daughter of Prince William so that he stands secure and may in time repair his fortunes Against the Turk he is at his proportionable Charge assessed upon him by the Decree of the Dier We come next to a brief view of the Upper Palatinate transferted with the County of Cham to the House of Bavaria whose Duke Ludovicus Emperour also of Germany upon the partition of Estate resigned it for ever some Ages since to Rodulphus his elder Brother who in right of his Mother Gertrude the Daughter and sole Heir of Henry Count Palatine of the Rhine was invested in all those Dominions and Dignities In this Province is seated Newburg the Title of the second Branch of the House Palatine and Duke of Cleve in share with the Marquess of Brandenburg Here is also the City of Noremberg famous for its rate workmanships a fine and beautiful Town yet no River near it but the curious Industry of the People supplyes that defect The Country very near as bigg as the Lower but nothing so pleasant and fruitful being chiefly mountainous and barren except in Mines of Iron and some of Siver one of which is very considerable So that it is a great retrenchment and dismembring of the Palatine Patrimony but what cannot be cur'd must be endur'd And so we pass to Bavaria It is bounded on the North with the Upper Palatinate 8. Bavaria on the West with Schwaben and on the East and South with Austria Tirol and Carinthia divided into three parts the Higher the Lower and the Bishoprick of Saltzburg a District and distinct Jurisdiction of it's self The Country generally overspread with Woods and cold and barren but the Lower somewhat more fruitful and abundantly more pleasant In the Higher is seated Munchen famous for it's seizure by the King of Sweden who found infinite Treasure therein and for that it is the Residence of the Dukes of Bavaria In the Lower Ingolstadt farr more famous for that it put the first affront upon the King of Sweden in Germany and made him give over the siege thereof 2. Regensburg or Ratisbone famous for the Diets held there being a most beautiful and pleasant Fabrick and Passaw as eminent in former times for divers Consultations held there by the Princes and for the notable Diet made there by Charles the 5th in favour of the Protestants As to the District of Saltzburg it is a barrener Country

Discourse to these modern times Of Horse besides 12. Comets of Foreigners he had in Pay 240. Troops Cavaliers of his own Nation which in all amounted to above 30. thousand Of Foot he had 210. Regiments some few of them of 30. Companies and consisting of 90. Men in a Company not reckoning in the Switzers who make 6. or 7000. besides some Scots Irish Italians and Luyckers At Sea he had 30. Ships of War and 25. Gallyes and the number is now increased and their Lord Great Admiral the Duke of Vendosme which was before a meer Titulado with great Profit and Revenue become an Officer de facto and of great service in that Kingdom The Duke of Beaufort his Son commanding the Fleet before Algier The King hath four Guards the first of French Gentlemen in Place and Attendance like our Gentlemen Pensioners they are 200. in number their Pay 20. Crowns a Month. The second consists of Scots and they Gentlemen some attending on the Kings Person others appointed to other Offices in the Court and go alwayes armed either with the Halberd or Harquebuze those which attend on the Kings Person are 24. and receive yearly 400. Franks apiece the residue 300. and a Livery The third sort is of inferiour French and their Employment is such as the service of the Yeomen and the Guard in England The fourth consisteth of Switzers and they wait at the Court Gate in warlike manner This King retaineth the Switzers more to dis-engage them from their Respects to the House of Austria and that Families service than for any other reason though the long Correspondence maintained with those Cantons hath abated of that jealousie Now notwithstanding for the number of the Gentry which is infinite almost the greatness of the Offices goodliness of Towns and multitudes of Forces and store of Ammunition this Kingdom may seem to challenge Precedence before any Court in Europe yet for Majesty of the Prince Order of the Court Provision of the Courtiers and Entertainment of Strangers it may no way compare with that of England and this is not mine but a Foreigners judgement of them Both. As to the Government it is Monarchical to Excess as it was said of Caesar Voluntas Caesaris pro Lege habebatur so it is as true of the French Kings Their Will is the Law For though they have now nine Parliaments in the Kingdom and that of Pau in Bern added by Lewis the 13th yet are they no more such a Constitution as Ours than Our Late High Courts of Justice which were Persons pick'd for the Usurpers purpose The main work of these Parliaments is to ratifie the Kings Edicts which are sent to them with a Command that such is Our Pleasure Nor doth this Ratification when done signifie any thing to the Validity of the Kings Acts but is meerly for shew and to personate that Authority which was in the former Parliaments even till the time of Lewis the 13th By which means the King imposeth upon his Subjects what he lists and supplyes that want of Patrimony which is mostly aliened and is the great Blemish of this Crown which commands so fair and spacious a Territory and yet hath very few Mannours or Houses of its own except about Paris And for the better support of this way of Government the Nobility are most of them employed in Offices and Commands the whole Kingdom being divided into 12. Lieutenancies as Imperious altogether as our late Major Generalls and who enjoying the sweets of their Arbitrary Power help to awe the People to a stupid Acquiescence under their Oppression And these Governours continue during life and are sometime Haereditary so that not seldom they have disputed it with the King and stood upon their Terms The Interest of this Crown is of late very perplexed and very closely carried the late League with Spain seems to be zealously regarded and many good words are given the Emperour of Assistance and Friendship Greater Respect was never given nor higher Professions of Amity ever expressed towards the Crown of England The Pope and He seem to be reconciled and the Confirmation of the Friendship between them is now in Actu by the Popes Performance of the Conclusion made at Pisa for that Cardinal Chigi the Popes Legate for the greater solemnity of this Affair is on his way with the Satisfaction agreed on The Duke Crequy is ready to return to Rome where the Pyramis is erected in memory of the Fact of the Corsi and Don Mario the Popes Nephew upon his departure But when all this is done no man conceives the Christian World more assured or freed from those jealousies which it hath long conceived of the Potency of this King He hath lately made a motion in Germany about Colmar and Slecksladt and it is suspected they are the light Trepidations of some greater Rupture thereabouts for that the French have long aimed upon the Imperial Dignity is obvious to every eye and this Prince is supposed to be more ambitiously bent upon that design than any of his Predecessors He hath to the purpose baffled and terrified the Pope the Emperours left hand and scared him before hand and for his right hand the King of Spain besides the Peace between them he will not be remiss in fomenting the War with Portugal The Princes of the Empire therefore give him fair words and will oblige him by performing his Demands about those Towns He is sure of the Duke of Savoy so long as he enterpriseth not upon Italy for then he would become a Morsel between his Grinders As to the Princes of Italy they do not care to see him there but love him well enough in France We neither suspect nor dread this Riddle of Fate nor shall want a Sword to solve it if with the Dutch and any body else he could make a threefold Cord of it and so we leave him to the Revolution of Time His Kingdom of Navarre lying in Spain we shall mention it there SPAIN SPAIN is defended towards France on the North with Confines strengthened both by Nature and Art viz. by the Natural Height of the Pyrenean Mountains which separate the one Country from the other and by the Artificial Forts of Scialon Parpignian and Pampalone the Metropolis of Navarre on all other sides it is encompass'd with the Atlantick Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea Its Empire is divided into four Parts or Members but we shall mention one only here viz. 1. The Kingdomes of Spain 2. The States of Italy Sicily c. And 3. Flanders And 4. The Dominions of India Spain is by the Spaniards for the greater grace divided into 15. Kingdomes namely Castile Aragon Murcia Granada Gallicia Guypuscoa Biscay Oviedo Leon Corduba Toledo Navarre Catalonia Majorca Valentia and lastly Portugal but it being wrested from the Spanish Dominions as it was formerly and now is a distinct Soverainty we will treat of the other 14. together and of that by it self The Country it self is very