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england_n	emperor_n	king_n	league_n	3,609	5	9.4892	5	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A34097	A generall table of Europe, representing the present and future state thereof viz. the present governments, languages, religions, foundations, and revolutions both of governments and religions, the future mutations, revolutions, government, and religion of christendom and of the world &c. / from the prophecies of the three late German prophets, Kotterus, Christina, and Drabricius, &c., all collected out of the originals, for the common use and information of the English.	Comenius, Johann Amos, 1592-1670.	1670 (1670)	Wing C5507A; ESTC R24277	200,382	315

Monarchies nor leave their Kings so much elbow-room nor their Commands so absolute and Sovereign as the other There are moreover in Europe other lesser Kingdoms comprehended under these as those of Bohemia and Hungary under the Emperor That of Navarre under the Crown of France Those of Naples Sicily Sardinia and Maiorck under the King of Spain And those of Scotland and Ireland under the King of England The Seven Electors three Eccleasiastick four Saecular and of late a fifth are the Arch-Bishop of Mentz Dean of the Colledge of Electors Lord High-Chancellor of the Empire in Germany The Arch-Bishop of Colen Lord High-Chancellor of the Empire in Italy The Arch-Bishop of Trevers Lord High-Chancellor of the Empire in France The King of Bohemia at this time Emperor till the young King his Son come to be installed therein chief Cup-bearer of the Empire Count Palatine of the Rhine heretofore the fifth Elector chief Almoner of the Houshold now the eighth and Lord High-Treasurer since the Duke of Bavaria new-created was put in his place The Duke of Saxony Lord High-Marshal or Sword-Bearer and the Marquess of Brandenburgh Lord High-Chamberlain and who has the largest Territories next the Emperor himself These Electors are Sovereign in their Estates and though Members of the Empire yet can make Peace and War when they please whereof we have at this present a sad example between the Elector Palatine and the Elector of Mentz with the Lorrainers The Ecclesiastick Electors ever had the precedency of the other by reason of the height and Supremacy of the Pope in Temporals and the Saecular Power of the Bishops in former times The seven Grand Dutchies or Dukedoms which have each their particular Lords and Masters are the Dukedom of Moscovy the Prince whereof assumes the Title of Emperor and by some is reckoned among Empires As indeed to say the truth it is a Dukedom on which depends thirty other Dutchies and three Kingdoms which exceed Germany and Poland in extent and notwithstanding all their Cold are fill'd with Inhabitants And the Duke himself is absolute over his Subjects The Dutchy of Savoy at this day the first in Europe the Dutchy of Tuscany of Lorrain of Saxony and Bavaria whose Dukes are Electors and the Dutchy of Holstein As for the great Duke of Lithuania he is subject to the King of Poland and the Dutchy of Milan to the King of Spain And the other petty Dutchies of Germany and Italy are not of any force or reckoning with these seven We must crown all these Dutchies or Dukedoms with the one only Arch-Dukedom of Austria whereof the Emperor is Master and add that all these Estates have nothing mixt in the form of their Government and that they acquiess under the Authority of one alone The seven Common-Wealths are those of the Suisses of Venice of the United Provinces of Genoa of Lucca of Geneva and of Raguza For the petty Common-Wealth of St. Marine must not come into this Range As for the Hans-Towns and free Cities of Germany they acknowledge some subjection or other to the Empire c. The three grand Principalities are Transilvania Wallachia and Moldavia all three tributary to the Turk As for the Prince of Precopia or lesser Tartary called the Crim Tartar he is now made slave to the Turk and over him a Beglerbeg or Bassa to command in chief It will not perhaps distast the Reader to give a List here of the present Kings and Princes according to their different Ages together The King of Spain Swedeland the Prince of Orange the Land-grave of Hesse-Cassel the Duke of Mantua the Duke of Modena are yet in their Minority The King of France England Portugal the Elector of Bavaria the Duke of Saxony the Duke Regent of Holstein the Dukes of Lunenburgh the Landgrave of Hesse-darmstat the Duke of Mickleburgh the Prince of Mount-Belliard the Prince of East-Friezland the Marquess of Bada the grand Duke of Moscovy and the grand Segnior All these Princes are in the prime of their Age and like to reign long Those that have passed the middle of their dayes and begin to draw towards their evening are the Pope alwayes the King of Poland who has now lately resign'd his Crown and none other yet chose the King of Denmark the three Electors Ecclesiastick three of the Secular the Palatine the Elector of Saxony and of Brandenburgh the three Princes of Transilvania Walachia and Moldavia The Duke of Lorrain Wittenburgh Newburgh Brunswick Wolfen-Buttel the great Duke of Tuscany and the Duke of Parma The Ecclesiastick Government of Europe in general is either Papal owning the Pope as Supream or Episcopal owning the King as Supream in all causes and Arch-Bishops and Bishops under him call'd also Prelatical as in the Church of England or Super-intendent which is a kind of Episcopal among the Lutherans but yet owning no Head of the Church neither Pope nor King or Civil Magistrate to order the Affairs of the Church as such The Presbyterian or Synodical owning a Presbytery or Synod as Supream and Lay-Elders c. but no Bishops nor Super-intendents as in France Holland c. As for other forms of Government there are none established any where by publick Authority And this is the present face almost of Europe in General LANGUAGES The present Languages of Europe for we pass by those that are out of date as the Hebrew Greek and Latine which are rather Scholastical than National and onely us'd among the Learned may be reduced to three the Teutonick the Sclavonian and the derivatives of Latin and Greek corrupted By the way only take notice that the Arabick Tongue is the same in Asia that the Latin is in Europe and that by its help one may march from the Bosphorus in Europe to the furthermost Lands of the Indians We find not therefore in Europe more then two Mother Tongues at present which have each their several Dialects with some sprouts as it were of the two dead Languages Latin and Greek The two Mother Languages then are the Teutonick and the Sclavonian The Sclavonian is familiar at Constantinople and even at Grand Caire And has for its principal Dialects the Rheuthenick or Russian for the Moscovites the Dalmattan for the Transilvanians and Hungarians the Bohemian and the Polonian the Illyrian Jazigian c. with some others which have their course amongst the Walachians and the Moldavians and the lesser Tartary The Teutonick hath three principal Dialects the German the Saxon and the Danish And of these again issue forth other Idioms as the Flemish or Low-Dutch the English the Swedish the Cauchian of the East-Friezlanders amongst themselves only for they use Dutch to strangers the Language of Norway and of the Suissers The Greek Language Mort or dead but less corrupted than the Latin hath divers Reliques and shootings forth in divers Isles of the Archipelago in Achaia and Morea under the great Turk and is better preserv'd here in these named then in

their Embassadors as free and absolute Soveraign Estates For by this time they had other Bones that touch'd them nearer to pick and a greater Enemy to deal with and a worse and nearer Neighbour which occasioned the defection of Portugal and Catalonia For the Portuguese in the year 1640 through Richlieu's Policy and Contrivance revolt and set up the Duke of Braganza right Heir to the Crown and the Catalonians turn to the Protection of France the same year Thus Spain that had the four chief parts of the World Europe Africa Asia and America and possest more Countries and People than all the ancient Monarchies put together has been shrewdly and dangerously enfeebled in some of its principal Limbs and never likely to recover its first strength 'T is observed from the Story that this Kingdom got its great increase by Marriages but lost alwayes by Arms. Three Marriages specially enlarg'd it 1. Of Maximilian the Emperor with the Heiress of Burgundy whereby all the Netherlands or Belgium came to the House of Austria 2. Of Philip the first the Emperor's Son with the Daughter and Heiress of Spain besides the Marriage of Ferdinand with Isabel her Parents which laid the first Foundation for Spains growth and greatness thereby uniting Austria Belgium or the Netherlands and Spain and of the Empire it self under Charles the 5 th Philip's son 3. Of this Charles the 5 th with the eldest Daughter and Heir of Portugal whereby his Son Philip the 2 d claimed and got that kingdom also though against the fundamental Law thereof that the Crown should not go to an Alien c. But enough concerning the encrease and decrease of this mighty Monarchy 7. Philip the 3 d succeeds about the year 1500 and finding his Estates almost destroy'd by those long and chargeable wars with Holland England c. first makes peace with England and afterwards a Twelve years Truce with the Netherlands Which done he totally banishes all the new Christians i. e. all the Moors turn'd Christians ere now out of Spain and afterwards was active for the Imperialists in the Protestant Wars of Germany 8. An. 1621. succeeded Philip the 4 th who got into his hands all the Lower Palatinate from the Elector Palatine in those Wars But lost the whole Kingdom of Portugal and Province of Catalonia before hinted with many of the best Towns in Flanders not yet recovered from the power of the French and some parts in Italy c. but many more lost this last year besides c. To particularize the Times a little Anno 1578. Sebastian king of Portugal helping Mahomet to recover the kingdom of Fez and Morocco was slain in Africa and so Portugal with all the Territories in Africa and the East-Indies fell to Spain as before-mentioned An. 1581. The Netherlanders revolt 1588. Their Invincible Armado beat by the English 1604. Spinola takes Ostend and the Prince of Orange Sluse 1609. Twelve years Truce with Spain 1621. Truce ended 1625. Breda surrendred to Spinola but retaken by Hollanders 1629. The Hollanders intercept the whole Spanish Silver-Fleet very rich coming out of their Haven in the West-Indies viz. the Port of Havan under Admiral Hayne 1635. War renewed between France and Spain which lasts for twenty years till 1660 in Flanders and Catalonia All which time various fortune Sieges Battels and taking and losing places 1640. Portugal and Catalonia revolt The Great Spanish Armado beat by Trump in the Chanel the same year 1643. French beat the Spaniards in the bloody Battel of Rocroy 1646. French take Dunkirk 1648. Peace between Spain and Netherlands after eighty years Wars 1654. A Plot discovered against Spaniards in Flanders The Duke of Lorrain sent prisoner into Spain The French relieve Arras with great victory and slaughter of Spaniards French under Duke of Guise invade Naples but repulsed 1656. French besiege Valentia Reliev'd with great victory and slaughter of them 1658. The French and English take Dunkirk This delivered to the English The French have Graveling and other places Jamaica lost to the English th' year before or more 1659. Mazarine and D' Haro contrive Peace and Marriage and Interviews of both Kings Duke of Lorrain released returns into France Sells his Provinces which he hardly knew how to get from to the French king An. 1662. Peace between the two Crowns agreed 1660. 1660. Spain renews Preparations against Portugal 1661. Spanish Armies move into Portugal The next year 1662 again invade Portugal take several places Queen of Portugal goes for England Tangier delivered to the English 1663. Spaniards like to gain Portugal But beat notoriously at Evora in a most memorable Battel Towns taken from the Portugals in the East-Indies by the Hollanders viz. Cauchin and Canamor c. Infanta of Spain betroth'd to the Emperor but departs not till 1666. An. 1662. Queen-Mother of Portugal remov'd from Government and the King administers Several Victories year after year against the Spaniards by assistance of the English 1664. King of Spain dies Since which time endeavours for Peace by Mediation of England but not throughly effectual till 1668. 1666. King of Portugal married to a Princess of France 1667. The King depos'd by his Brother and Subjects who now rules as Regent and marries the Queen c. And now Peace made with Spain who owns it a kingdom 1668. The French invade Flanders in right of his Queens Dowry and take many Territories But Peace soon made or rather but a making for they cannot yet agree on 't As for the Revolutions of England they are better known generally to English-men than can be in short described Of the Foundations and Revolutions of the seven present chief Dukedoms with the Archdukedom The Archdukedom of Austria was first a Marquisate then a Dukedom Afterwards they were Kings of Hungary and Bohemia Afterwards Emperors also as still at present And therefore shall say nothing further thereof save only that the Austrian Power has grown peculiarly by Marriages First The Emperor Maximilian the first obtain'd Burgundy and the Netherlands Philip his son Spain with its dependencies And Philip the 2 d by his father Charles the 5 th's marriage Portugal and all its dependencies as before hinted Of the great Dukedom of Tuscany or Florence The grand Dukedom of Moscovy is now reckon'd an Empire The great Dukedom of Lituania is subject to Poland The great Dukedom of Finland to Swedeland There remains only one Soveraign Great Dukedom and five Dukedoms As for the Dukedoms of Saxony and Bavaria they have the higher titles of Electorates The Great Dukedom of Tuscany was anciently a Free-State but never any more turbulent with Factions and several forms of Government in the State and most commonly between the Nobles and Commons till at last when there was no end of these Contentions the People prevailed against the Nobles Among the Commons the Medices princely Merchants were chief Adversaries of the Nobles and highly in favour with the People So that about the year 1410

Religion too Who refuses the Government but sends relief by an Army under the Earl of Leicester with Cautionary Towns put into his Hands Hereupon growing prosperous But jealous of the Earl they resolve to govern and establish the Commonwealth among themselves so that the Hollanders chuse Prince Maurice and the Friezlanders Prince William Earls of Nassaw for Governours Captain Generals by whose conduct and conquests the seven Provinces were wholly vindicated from the Spaniard and reduced into one intire Body of Common-wealth An. 1594. And afterwards so prospered and succeeded that before they would hearken to any treaty or accommodation they forc'd the Spaniard to this conclusion to treat with them as a Free-State in the year 1609. and then made a twelve years truce only And 1621. renew the War again but not so hot as at first c. till the Treaty of Munster 1648. whereby the Spaniard renounces all pretensions for ever and acknowledges them for a Free-State only dependant on God A War so shamefully begun and after fourscore years so shamefully ended in a Glorious and Eternal Peace made with them for ever Liberty of Religion according to the Laws of their first Union at Utrecht 1579 was the foundation and has been and is the preservation of this Commonwealth The Reformed Religion Protestant or Calvins was publickly established The Anabaptists or Mennonites and others had their publick Temples or Congregations Only Papists and Socinians since for reason of State were forbid the publick exercise of Religion to this Day as disturbing the Peace Though the War was Civil and for their Civil rights directly as knowing well they could not violate and invade their Religious without violating and invading these first yet the end motive and occasion principally was Religion and upon that account and indirectly Religious on both sides Zeal for Religion on both sides moved both to contend for their pretended civil rights and claims And so 't was not a War for Religion but as they say a Defensive War only for their Civil Rights and Liberties though in order subserviency to Religion And yet there was at the same time more Papists then Protestants then called Lutherans at first in these Countries They indulge Liberty of Religion with which their State begins and stands But Trade and Riches has almost eaten out Pure Religion For other particulars the chief are hinted before under Spain c. and we must be short An. 1662. War between England and Holland 1653. a great Sea fight The Hollanders are beat Peace made 1654. An. 1652. The King of France and Holland make a strict League having made a new League also before with the King of England after his restoration But a breach soon arose c. Of the Republick of the Switzers These Countries lie bordering upon Germany Savoy c. Upon the fall of the Roman Empire after various Fortunes and Masters coming under the possession and power of the Austrian Family and Emperors thereof afterwards and overburdened by the Tyranny of the Austrian Governors and Lords sent amongst them and their incroachments upon their Liberties and so weary of them and finding an opportunity amidst the distractions of the Empire by the Pope c. The Swisse constitute a Confederate Republick i. e. contract an offensive and defensive League amongst themselves for desence of their Liberties Begun 1305 but not finished till 1511. For when they did endeavour by force to make them of a free Nation of the Empire the Austrian's own proper Subjects and to bring in Arbitrary Government by force also they opposed First three Rusticks or chief Country men made a League amongst themselves of expelling Tyrants whereof each brought his Town or Village into Society The rest came by degrees afterward successively til in the end after two hundred years from the first beginning of their League to the finishing them they amounted to the present number of thirteen Cantons or distinct Parts and Corporations Besides several other Towns States without the bounds of their Commonwealth also joyn'd and comparted together with them for common defence and safety And becoming Invincible in innumerable Battels and Victories at the first forreign Enemies durst never attempt them more But since frequent Civil Wars amongst themselves but never to break their first Confederacy but still friends again Their Confederacy and Liberty was confirmed and allowed afterwards by the Emperor Lewis the fourth of Bavaria for adhering to him against the faction of Austria for the Empire at the same time After their forementioned Victories and Valour shewn in those Battels Wars eminently becoming renowned for Souldiers the French King takes them into pension in his Wars who became likewise a member of their Corporation which being afterward denied they serve the Pope who stiled them Defenders of the Church An. 1510. The King of France thinks it best to take them again into pension 1522. upon very advantagious terms to themselves and as burdensome to him They became Mercenary also to other Princes Any might have them for their Mony Hence reproached for a Mercenary Nation trusted by none But the King of France bid highest for them And at this day they are in all Armies and Wars Since that agreement they obtained also sixteen hundred to be of the French Gaurd the King preferring them for their Fame and Renown At last upon the differences of Religion they became divided also in pension The Popish Cantons taking pension of the Pope and King of Spain the Protestants of France and the mixt of both and all of the Venetians There was not long since some difficulties about their Pension and Agreements c. They sent Embassadours to the present French King who magnificently received them and things composed c. An Army consisting of Swisse Foot and French Horse is accounted of all the most excellent About 1516. Zuinglius a Canon of the Church begins the Reformation of Religion here at Zurich as Luther had before with good success in Germany Whom followed those of Bern and Basil c. to the number of four in whole and two other Cantons in part which to this day remain mixt of both Those of Lucern and the rest to the number of seven remain wholly Papists Geneva also soon after followed those of the Reformed under Farel and Calvin So that now this Common-wealth became divided into two factions and thence broke out into cruel Wars between Zurich and the Romish Cantons The Protestants at the beginning are worsted Zuinglius himself Slain in the head of the Battel 1531 his heart remaining whole like Cranmers in the midst of the Fire untouched as is said after all the rest consumed to Ashes At last after various successes and defeats on both sides they agree the business upon this condition That every one should imbrace what Religion they liked and force be offer'd to none for Religion but that the ancient first League should be inviolably and religiously kept and observed

power they quite and clean forget the salvation of Souls sanctity of Life and the Commandements of God Propagation of Religion and charity towards men And to raise Arms to make War against christians to invent new devises for the getting of mony to profane sacred things for their own ends by fine tricks fair and specious shews and pretences to get into the affections of Princes and oblige them to them by several arts and wayes to keep the people in ignorance and obedience though with the reigning of all manner of vice to get all the chief Preferments Benefices and Revenues of the Church into their disposal and the whole Army and interest of the Clergy at their service and devotion in these corrupt wayes and for such like unworthy ends to possess the Consciences of men with an opinion of their infallibility and undoubted power not only in Heaven and Earth but also over Pur gatory and Hell viz. to bind and loose to save or damn and that for mony and filthy lucres sake And lastly to make the whole Gospel and Christian Religion a pretext only to get and increase Church Power Dominion and Riches yea and with the Goods and Treasures of the Church to enrich their kindred and base children and raise their families c. I say these and such like things and practises become their only study and work and the great business of that is of him that would be accounted the chief Shepherd and Bishop of Christian Souls c. We will instance only in some of the most notorious particulars and matters of fact as they occur in time by the usurping and incroaching Popes following from this Hildebrand founder of the Popedom as hath been shewn about the year 1073. Next about the year 1090. his successor Urban the 2 d. excommunicates the Emperor likewise and deposes the Antipope by him chosen and thereby sets all christiendom in a combustion for these two Popes Therefore in stead of Urban called Turban or disturber And then likewise by his Religionists and Clergy stirs up and inflames all christendom with a zeal for that bloody Holy War for recovery of the Holy Land from the Saracens Which War consisted of twelve expeditions and of many hundred thousands at a time for the space of above 200 years together to the ruine of so many millions of Lives with the Arms first of the Cross and afterwards of a Globe too upon their Habits signifying that Christ crucified And to be sure the Pope as his Vicar ought to be Lord of the whole World To allay the quarrels of Christian Princes at home this Cross is often preached up with wounderous Zeal So that the main Religion of the World the Rulers and People generally in those days lay mostly in outward Christianity against Infidels Turks and Pagans and inlarging of this Visible Church as out of which no Salvation c. But i' th mean while this exhausive War of Christendom every way made for the Papal Interest The Popes having thereby greater opportunities to work their own ends out of poor Christians misguided Zeal and by weakning and diverting the Princes to strengthen and settle themselves for during all this time most cruel and perpetual wars continued at home between the Popes and Emperors for Imperial and Papal power and priviledges the Pope still usurping and domineering every day more and more About 1100. Paschal the 2 d excommunicates the said Emperor Henry the 4 th also sets his only son Henry the 5 th against him to persecute him to death who by the Bishops is perswaded to perjury also against his own Father whom the Pope caus'd after he was dead to lye likewise unburied five years together He denyed the right of investiture of Bishops to the Emperor and other Imperial priviledges And then excommunicated the son now as devoutly as he had done the Father And entertained and upheld Anselme Arch-Bishop of Canterbury in rebellion against his Soveraign This Paschal also first of all leaves off closing his letters with the year of the Emperor and substitutes the year of his Popedom An. 1120. Calixtus the 2 d. made Gregory set up Antipope by the said Henry the 5 th to ride through Rome upon a Camels back with his face towards the Tail and the tail in his hand for a bridle To shew no doubt that he held up the Tail Caesar and not by the Head St. Peter c. and then thrust him shaven into a Monastery About 1150. the Papal Canons Decretals are first hatched which afterwards in process of time were brought into use and set up and prevailed in the World and the Church in opposition to the Civil and Imperial Law and chiefly to advance the Pontificiall Omnipotency as themselves phrase it And this Canon Law or Divinity not the Law of God became in time almost the only divinity and study of the Prelats and great Church men who studied little else then to gain and increase Church Power and Treasure to get all into their clutches and to keep all people in slavery and subjection to their Authority and Religion And for others there began to creep in a Scholastick Divinity and Philosiphy out of the Fathers and Aristotle together not the Scripture And this Philosiphic-divinity brought all confusion of Opinions and learned Ignorance and Error into the world And for the more piously inclined and devout a practical Divinity of Monkish Legends or pious Tales and at best but devout stories of the Sanctimonious lives of Saints c. all which still made for the Pope About 1160. Alexander the 3 d. opposses the Emperor Frederick the first and excommunicates him thundering out curses and raising War against him every where and by the French Kings favour settles himself in the Popedom The Emperor notwithstanding takes Rome and drives the Pope to Venice for protection and sends his Son with an Army after him whom they beat and took Prisoner neer Venice The good Father therefore to preserve his Son is forced to submit and to prostrate himself before the Pope openly in the great Church at Venice to kiss his feet Where setting his foot on the Emperors neck he impiously and imperiously was not asham'd to say Thou shalt tread upon the Lyon and the Adder and the Dragon shalt thou trample under foot And when the Emperor took the boldness to reply and say I do it not to you but to Peter The proud Beast goes on To Peter and to me too And from this time forth and for evermore forsooth it must be an high favour to kiss his Toes as much as other Princes hands And all this is Your most humble Servant of the Servant of God his Title once come too Beggers of all men proudest are When once they got into the chair This Pope likewise upheld Thomas a Becket against his King here in England and made the King submit to the lash for St. Thomas's death for his Holiness Sainted the Traitor and upon

his submission granted to him and his heirs The title of the Kings of England As if they never had it since the Conquest of right before Hence it is observed sayes the Popish writers That all Kings of England must acknowledg the Pope for their Landlord And in like manner his predecessor Hadrian the 4 th about 1555. gave Ireland to the Kings of England for a penny to be paid yearly out of every house as much as a shilling now But As long as there 's a Goose or Gander We must remember Alexander If it were but for this verse sake which ends a coppy sent to him by a Monkish Rimer little better in the Latin About 1190. Celestine Crowns the Emperor with his foot and then spurns it off again with this saying By me Kings reign He set all Princes almost together by the ears that Rome might gain with siding with one part or the other and making them friends again And this was and is a constant practise with them and a principal matter whereby they stand For if one deserts them another still upholds them for their own interest which is mingled with the Papal over all the World About 1200. Innocent the third raised the Otho's against Philip the Emperor resolving that he would uncrown him or be uncrown'd by him because chose without his liking And as soon as Otho himself was made Emperor excommunicates him too as also King John of England Peter King of Aragon and Raimund Earl of Tholoss And decreed in a Council held at Rome from thence forth the Pope to have the correction of all Christian Princes and no Emperor to be acknowledged all he had sworn obedience to him In pursuance whereof deposes the said King John and gives away his Kingdom to the French King causes him to surrender his crown to his Legate interdicts him the Kingdom for six years together and makes him stand to his mercy to have it again and upon the restoring to make it Tributary fining it at the yearly rent of 8000. Marks to be held of the Pope in fee-farme And his usurpations were so great here in England That the Nobles writ in their Letters to their Bishops To such a Bishop or such a Chapter who had rather dye then he ruined by the Romish Task-Masters Likewise the said King of Aragon Naples and Sicily c. was forced also to subject his Kingdoms as feudatory to the Church of Rome and to be held of the Pope And now also was brought up that Idol of Transubstantiation and adoration of the Host to subject the people to a more divine Reverance and external devotion and deportment towards their Holy things and mysteries which is wonderful to behold even to this very day and to make their Religion and Priests more Venerable at least this has been the efect thereof What matter of Zeal Fury and Persecution this became afterwards all storyes and ages ring of as if it had been to deny God indeed and Christ and all Religion to deny this their Idol God they had and have to this day so possessed people with such a fond Imagination God also giving them up to believe lyes and to erre concerning the Faith mistaking the Letter for the Spirit Also that devise of Auricular confession was introduced about this time which aws the people exceedingly likewise Moreover about the same time arose those deadly seuds between the Papaline Guelphs and Imperial Gibelines or if you will Elfs and Goblins so called as is thought from their terrible doings c. which destracted all Italy and contiuned for many ages after which factions were stirred up by the Pope and his Agents means and practises c. It was about the year 200. likewise that Philip King of France was excommunicated and then it was said In the year of the Reign of Christ not of Philip. Also 1204. the Sea of Constantinople and the Greek Church and Emperor became subject to the Roman for above 30. years through their projects c. And about 1220. the East as well as Westren Emperor was crowned at Rome by the Pope no longer now as a Servant you may now well think but their Lord and Superior by what has been already rehearsed For in this Popes time some thought fitting to make this Embleme There are two great lights The Sun that is the Pope and the Moon that is the Emperor Nay the high Papalists would have none to be truly Monarch and Soveraign that is absolute and Independent on any other as Supreme but the Pope as before has been intimated About 1240. the twentieths of Ecclesiastick Revenues are obtained for the Pope It came afterwards to the tenths nay the fifths and fourths too in some Kingdoms c. About 1245. Innocent the fourth excommunicates the Emperor Frederick the fourth time having been three times before by former Popes though he had been his greatest friend and deposes him the King of France in vain interceeding and sets up Anti-Cesaers because his Highness forsooth would not stope low enough to his Holiness and in the end because he would not bring him enough under got him poyson'd The four orders of the begging Fryars viz. the Dominicans Franciscans Carmelits and Augustins began to swarm under him as their great Patron and by their voluntary humility and external devotion to uphold this their exalted and triumphant Church and Religion This Pope demanded also the payment of the Twentieths before granted and afterwards of the Tenths of all Revenues and Profits of the Church adding grievous threatnings if they were not paid and by his Legate in Poland one fifth of all Afterwards he perswaded the French King to make War against Henry the 3 d. of England and to make him either yeeld to all the Pope demanded or to drive him out of his Kingdom An. 1255. The King of Lithuania being converted to Christianity is crowned by the Pope and subjects his Kingdom to him For if they would be Christians they must all acknowledge Christs Vicar or else be Infidels still for all other Christianity now was almost fled the Earth An. 1260. The Pope translates the Kingdom of Naples and Sicily which the King of Aragon had made feudatory to the Church as before c. and which the former Pope also would have sould to Henry the 3 d. of France from the right owners and bestows it on the French most bountifully And now was the Pope come to the hight of power riches and authority and to have mighty interest in the World and now all the Nations worshiped the Beast The Princes generally began to make appeals to the Roman Court and the people were devoted to the Romish Laws Customs and Religion The Pope had now the creating of Electors of the Empire almost as he listed and consequently the Emperor in a manner at his beck About 1270. Rodolph of Napsburg or Ausburgh the first of the Austrian House was affraid to go to Rome to take his Crown or to

Cottons of Bezoart nor of Indigo of Gumlac nor of Purslanes of Salt-Peter nor Salt-Amoniak And to set aside Drugs and Medicaments Tobaco and Castors and abundance of Mullet one of the most excellent Fish of the Ocean which alone makes the Riches of five or six good Cities In a word all the Riches of the Earth and all the delights of the Sea So that though every Land do not bear all things yet they need want none and may so change Commodities as if they had changed Countries one to the other And yet though Diamonds Pearls and Spices are onely fetch'd from the Indies yet some return is made for them in Coral and Amber which Europe exchanges for the Jewels of Asia The Japons all their Passion is for Coral as much as ours for Diamonds and Pearls Insomuch that a Grain of the bigness of an ordinary Egg is there worth 2000 Crowns And in the North of Asia and Cathy much is vended where all the people wear Bracelets thereof about their Necks Arms and Legs and make it their principal Ornament And use the greatest Grains thereof for their richest Purses which they wear by their sides And for Yellow Amber a great quantity is consumed in China for when a person of quality will make a splendid Treatment at the end of the Feast they bring three or four Censours wherein they sprinkle Aber sometimes to the value of a thousand Crowns being the more they burn the more it is for his glory that Treats and is much used in Fumes upon all other occasions the smell thereof being agreeable to them and the flame having something which other flames have not Hence Amber is one of the best Merchandises that Europe can send into Asia and the Holland Company reserve it particularly to themselves to sell it dear at Batavia to the Chineses If Europe then at present carries it so high both for Arts and Arms for Riches and Commerce the main Props of States and Kingdoms and all things else comprehended in them And if she now enjoyes all these advantages before all other parts more than ever heretofore She has yet that which carries her still higher and whereof to glory further as the highest prerogative of humane kind That She is no longer Europe but Christendom I say Christendom and that she has imbrac'd the true Religion and rejected Idolatry and the false Worship of the Pagans And though a new Romish and Papal Superstition and Idolatry overspread one half and more of her Dominions and with grief it is to be confessed that it is every where also yet but a lamentable Christianity and an Heathen a Pagan Unchristian and very Antichristian Christendom or Christian-Heathendom rather where Heathenish Warrs and Fightings Heathenish Rites and Customs and Heathenish Superstitions where Heathenish Sects and contendings about needless Ceremonies and Opinions Heathenish Zeal and Fury against pure Religion and undefiled like that of the Heathen against Socrates for owning the true God and Heathenish Vices and Crimes reign and rage throughout yet the true God is outwardly worshipped and owned The Doctrine or rather Mystery of a Crucified Christ but alone truly deified and adorable Man above all the Hero's and Gods and Saints and Divine-like Persons of the Pagans or Prophets of the Jews and Mahometans The Man Jesus true God and Man O the Mystery of Godliness God manifest in the flesh c. hid in times past to the Gentiles c. but now revealed to the Nations of Europe more than ever and more than to all other parts of the World I say the Mystery of a Crucified Christ but true deified Person the Man Jesus the Saviour of the World is openly professed by all and seriously believed in by thousands O adorable Jesu who would not read thy Story and study thy Acts and Heroick Deeds and Virtues and imitate thy life and believe and obey in thy Kingdom an infinity of Souls are gain'd to him an infinity of Victories got over the Devil and an infinite of Trophies erected upon the ruines of Idolatry But indeed the grievous and shameful Schisms and Vices the lamentable Dissentions and Divisions of Christians and Christian Princes so prodigally throwing away so many thousand mens Christians Lives nay and Souls in unchristian-Christian Quarrels is the reproachful blur to all her Puissance and Splendor and which will never cease nor the Christian Religion ever flourish and prosper in the World as it ought and Kings be her Nursing Fathers and Queens her Nursing Mothers till they be more sunk and baptized into the thing than the name Christianity and answer throughly their Magnificent and Specious Titles of Mass Catholick most Christian c. Majesties And when once the Turks Fingers all four shall grow together Then alack and not before we may hope to see our Masters agree and co-unite Still Christian Wars they will pursue and boast Unjust Successes gain'd whilst Candy's lost Which may now e'ne just take up Rhodes Complaint against them all All gaining vainly from each others loss Whilst still the Crescent drives away the Cross The Cross which they ought to take for their Device or Motto which is believ'd to have been given from Heaven to Christendoms first Emperor in this overcome But 't is hop'd that the two generous Nations of England and Holland which are able to do much when they are entirely united will keep their Union firm for some nobler Enterprise worthy of themselves and the high Reputation they have gain'd in the World But that which more than all Eclipses and stirs her present Splendor and robs her of her Crown and Glory of Religion and hinders the progress and flourishing thereof in the Earth are the cruel and bloody Inquisitions and Persecutions for Religion and Conscience of her several Sects and parties within her self which are more merciless to one another than they would or ought to be to Pagans Turks and Infidels or Turks Pagans and Infidels would be or are to them and give less liberty of Religion amongst themselves then they may find there amongst Barbarians Which plainly shews that there lacks only common Candor and Ingenuity and but tolerable civility of men much more of Christians not to talk of prudence to introduce a reasonable Liberty of Conscience and but that aequanimity and largeness of heart for Religion as is for other matters amongst different perswasions and that only due liberty and freedom thereof that is the common right of mankind even if it were but that they would give to one another which they would have and may and do receive among Idolaters Heathens and Mahometans for the Christians have their Churches and Temples in Turky and even China it self though they have none permitted here neither I say there lacks onely this reasonable liberty and largeness of Christian Religion to make Christendom and the World happy So then Europe is at this day the most noble and fairest part of the Grand Continent for Religion Learning

Civility and Policy for the Arts and the Arms and all that is Gallant and Polite or Handsome and deserves to be stil'd The Temple of Religion the Court of Policy and Government the Academy of Civility and good Manners the Mistress of Arts and of Arms of Shipping and Navigation and indeed the Paradice of all humane Felicities in comparison For so it is that all things have their Revolutions and Periods both in regard of Times and of Places from one place to another in one Age and then in another and that the people which now live between the Euxine Streights and the Atlantick Ocean eclipse all the Sparkling and Pomp of Ancient Persia her self In a word is not France at this day incomparably more flourishing than antient Gaule Great Britane has it not quite another countenance than when it bore the name of Albion Or had Caesar then found them in this Estate could he easily have made them Roman Provinces The Tartarians and Americans the Canibals and Man-eating Barbarians shall perhaps in some Ages after be civiliz'd like us Have not the good Letters and good Manners and all the high Marks of Distinction that difference Man-kind passed insensibly from Chaldee into Egypt from Egypt into Greece from Greece into Italy and from thence into the rest of Europe Greece is become a sad and darksome Cell Where nought reigns now but Ignorance and Hell Whence th'hideous Turk hath frighted all that 's fine Greece now 's but th' shadow of old Greece's Prime Muses no more go seek those pleasant Mountains Where Language that 's Divine was taught those Fountains Are now seal'd up sweet Hippocrene clean dry And Pene ' quite forsook of Company That charming Vale where th' Laurel us'd to grow Is now frequented by the croaking Crow The universe hath often chang'd its face Rome then receiv'd when Athens did you chase Your Altars now reach these remoter Climes Under thick darkness bid in elder Times Grudge no more then your Aganippe's sourse You may one day reign i' th Grand Atlantick Course The Banks of Tigre are no longer inhabited but by Tigres The Plains of Palestine are ill cultivated Grand Caire how vast soever it may be resents nothing of the glory of Memphis and has chang'd its fortune with its Name Peloponnesse and Achaia have no more the great Captains nor the famous Philosophers and are to be numbred with the Lands which the Volga and the Tanais water with their Streams the only portion of our Europe that hath nothing of Gallantry nor Polite All her other Regions which way soever one turn are absolute Mistresses of Arms Commerce Arts and Sciences and give Laws to all the Earth But we have been too long upon Comparisons which we should not have so much as once begun had not our Author first entred us and led the way And therefore passing by further we come to a plain-general-Table of Europe consider'd absolutely in her self And therein also wholly passing by her Natural Description of her Situation Extent Climate of her Parts Lakes Rivers Mountains Mines c. of her Quality natural Riches Commodities precious Things and Products of Nature which never vary but appear almost the same in every Map We shall only take notice of her in her Politick Capacity and things subject to change and under certain chief Heads of the most material things occurring draw very plain and distinct Tables both General and Particular of the present Face of Things For the use only and general Information both plain and brief as in Tables or Draughts of ordinary and the less knowing sort of People Table General The Second Part. Description Political of EUROPE CHAP. I. The ARGUMENT General brief Tables of the present Governments Languages Religions Revolutions c. of Europe The Governments Civil and Ecclesiastick in general Table Methodick of each Estate Sovereign A List of Sovereign Princes in their prime or declining Age. Numbering of the Languages of Europe Mother Tongues Dialects and Off-springs Universal Language Partition of the World according to the different Religions Parallel of Countries and Provinces Papist and Protestant The one spread as far by the English and Hollanders as the other by the Spaniards and Portugals Navigations Table of the Revolutions of this last Age. Wars and Treaties of Peace Pretensions and Interests of Europe in General EUrope as hath been enough seen being the most accomplished and considerable though the least part of the Earth and at this day more then ever heretofore deserves chiefly and in the first place to be taken notice of by us as she appears at present To which end we shall first draw a general Table of the whole and then particular Tables of each part In both delineating only bare and naked Draughts as it were of the present Governments Languages Religions Riches Forces and Commerce Revolutions Pretentions and Interest c. of Europe with other memorable observable Things and Occurrences as they fall in our way first in General and then in Particular in the distinct description of each Region and Country thereof GOVERNMENTS We begin therefore this second Part General with the General Governments of Europe intending onely General Heads of Things in this General Table Government is considered either as Civil or Ecclesiastick The Civil Government of Europe in general is either purely Monarchick of a single Sovereign or Aristocratick of the Nobles and Senators or after a sort Democratick and Popular of the People commonly call'd Common Wealth for there 's scarce any that is purely so except you will reckon some few among the Petty Cantons of the Suisses which make but a little member of that great Body or mixt of these But more particularly whether one or the other The Principal Crowns and States Sovereign of EUROPE for they are not all worthy of the high Title of Monarchies may be reduc'd to Empires Kingdoms Principalities Dutchies and Republicks or Common-Wealths together with the Papality and State of the Pope as a Temporal Prince in Italy and the County of Venaissy which makes a Sovereignty apart After which rate Europe has two Empires seven Kingdoms seven Electorships and of late years an eight seven grand Dutchies seven Republicks or Common-Wealths three grand Principalities which are now all tributary to the grand Segnior and a Papality The two Empires are the Empire of Germany half Monarchy half Common-Wealth the Emperor not being absolute but onely in the Lands whereof he is Lord and owner And the Empire of the Turks who are subject to one onely Monarch Some add the Empire of Russia for a third The seven Kingdoms are the Kingdom of France Spain Portugal England Denmark Sweedland and Poland The first the most perfect and descends only to the Heirs Male ever since the Salique Law The five next admit the Females and all are haereditary save the last which is Elective But though all these Estates be purely Monarchick yet the three latter besides Poland are not absolute