britain_n fol._n 14_o repulse_v by_o the_o britain_n ibid._n he_o conquer_a not_o britain_n ibid._n calumniare_fw-la in_o law_n what_o fol._n 65_o camolodunum_n fol._n 34_o cambria_n camber_n cwmrt_n cwmraeg_n fol._n 86_o cantref_n what_o fol._n 96_o canutus_n his_o law_n of_o partition_n fol._n 141_o 142_o 143_o caractacus_n prince_n of_o the_o silures_n fol._n 34_o he_o assert_v the_o british_a liberty_n ibid._n his_o protestation_n before_o battle_n ibid._n castle_n on_o border_n of_o scotland_n etc._n etc._n fol._n 79_o cattle_n of_o more_o value_v than_o land_n fol._n 28_o cattle_n dischage_v fine_n &_o amerciament_n fol._n 29_o cerdiford_n in_o hampshire_n out_o of_o domesdey_n fol._n 65_o cennedl_n what_o fol._n 132_o character_n of_o saxon_a fol._n 76_o charter_n of_o saxon_a sign_v by_o the_o norman_a king_n fol._n 76_o change_n from_o villeinage_n to_o gavelkind_n fol._n 157_o 158_o chief_a justice_n fol._n 69_o chief_n in_o urchenfield_n fol._n 110_o chedder_n in_o somersetshire_n fol._n 117_o child_n no_o kindred_n to_o the_o parent_n fol._n 131_o churl_n what_o fol._n 168_o city_n their_o original_a fol._n 7_o claudius_n his_o temple_n fol._n 34_o claim_v and_o recovery_n of_o land_n against_o norman_n fol._n 65_o clergyman_n gentleman_n by_o the_o welsh_a law_n fol._n 173_o clown_n or_o colonus_n what_o fol._n 168_o 177_o cohabitancia_n what_o fol._n 7_o conan_n tindaethwy_n fol._n 26_o conquest_n and_o conqueror_n what_o fol._n 56_o coverfeu_n fol._n 74_o constantine_n the_o great_a fol._n 87_o common_a law_n fol._n 69_o 145_o county_n not_o ancient_o in_o wales_n fol._n 94_o competition_n betwixt_o kent_n and_o urchenfield_n fol._n 106_o cornish_a understand_v base_a british_a and_o welsh_a fol._n 146_o cottager_n and_o cottage_n what_o fol._n 169_o cuntune_v in_o hampshire_n fol._n 66_o custom_n that_o be_v ancient_a fol._n 70_o 150_o custom_n of_o the_o welsh_a fol._n 71_o 132_o cwmmwd_n what_o fol._n 96_o custom_n and_o common_a right_a fol._n 152_o d._n d._n davies_n his_o welsh_a dictionary_n fol._n 98_o danelaege_n what_o fol._n 54_o 57_o 58_o danish_a impression_n on_o our_o law_n fol._n 54_o 55_o daniel_n samuel_n examine_v fol._n 57_o deed_n for_o gavelkind_a fol._n 124_o 125_o 126_o deed_n explain_v produce_v by_o mr._n s._n ibid._n discourse_n polemical_a much_o irregular_a fol._n 3_o division_n intestine_a facilitate_v conquest_n fol._n 16_o division_n of_o wales_n fol._n 96_o domboc_n what_o fol._n 53_o 54_o domesman_n what_o fol._n 110_o 111_o donald_n the_o 5_o lose_a scotland_n to_o the_o saxon_n etc._n etc._n fol._n 163_o 164_o ðâ—pihinge_n what_o fol._n 70_o druid_n fol._n 16_o the_o british_a judge_n fol._n 17_o their_o learning_n ibid._n their_o judicial_a employment_n ibid._n their_o determination_n of_o right_a ibid._n cause_v execution_n of_o penal_a law_n ibid._n britain_n their_o gymnasium_n fol._n 17_o they_o cease_v fol._n 19_o dubritius_fw-la prince_n and_o bishop_n fol._n 90_o dûn_n what_o it_o signify_v fol._n 116_o dun_n a_o paix_fw-fr in_o scotland_n fol._n 165_o 166_o dutch_a landscheuten_n what_o fol._n 136_o 137_o e._n edgar_z king_n his_o law_n what_o fol._n 54_o 55_o confirm_v by_o the_o conqueror_n fol._n 58_o edgar_n etheling_n fol._n 60_o edlin_n expound_v fol._n 49_o edward_n king_n his_o law_n fol._n 55_o confirm_v by_o the_o conqueror_n fol._n 58_o 59_o edward_n king_n his_o law_n concern_v the_o welsh_a fol._n 51_o 52_o edwin_n and_o morchar_n earl_n fol._n 6â—_n edric_n silvaticus_n or_o savage_a fol._n 7â—_n elder_a son_n among_o the_o britain_n fol._n 49_o english_a recover_v land_n against_o the_o norman_n fol._n 65_o 66_o english_a normanize_v fol._n 76_o england_n fol._n 87_o english_a settle_v in_o scotland_n fol._n 162_o engine_n or_o urchinfield_n their_o king_n fol._n 44_o 45_o error_n once_o receive_v and_o take_v for_o grant_v fol._n 2_o erdisley_n in_o herefordshire_n fol._n 79_o escuage_z ancient_o fol._n 171_o ethelbert_n king_n his_o translation_n of_o the_o welsh_a law_n fol._n 53_o ethelred_n king_n his_o law_n of_o trial_n fol._n 64_o eubages_fw-la british_a philosopher_n fol._n 20_o exchequer_n when_o erect_v fol._n 74_o f._n fashion_n saxon_a and_o norman_a fol._n 74_o 75_o fealty_n or_o allegiance_n very_o ancient_a fol._n 55_o fee_n feudum_fw-la or_o feodum_fw-la what_o fol._n 170_o 171._o fee-tayl_n its_o original_a fol._n 170_o feminine_a conduct_n among_o the_o britain_n fol._n 33_o feofamentum_fw-la vetus_fw-la &_o novum_fw-la fol._n 140_o fight_a form_n change_v by_o the_o english_a fol._n 77_o for-gavel_a fol._n 118_o fortification_n of_o roman_n saxon_n and_o norman_n fol._n 77_o 78_o 79_o forfeiture_n of_o land_n upon_o what_o ground_n to_o king_n william_n fol._n 67_o 68_o fortalices_fw-la fol._n 79_o fortify_v house_n ancient_a ib._n foster-children_n in_o wales_n divide_v with_o foster-brethren_n fol._n 28_o freeman_n or_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la what_o fol._n 108_o french_a do_v use_v partition_n fol._n 11_o french_a tenure_n of_o partition_n fol._n 12_o french_a how_o use_v in_o our_o law_n fol._n 69_o g._n gable_n gablum_fw-la gabulum_fw-la what_o fol._n 113_o 114_o 115_o gabelle_n among_o the_o french_a fol._n 114_o gablum_fw-la signify_v rend_v fol._n 116_o 117_o 158_o 159_o gablatores_fw-la fol._n 117_o gabella_n fol._n 123_o galfridus_n monumethensis_fw-la defend_v against_o polydore_n virgil_n fol._n 83_o gallic_a custom_n fol._n 11_o gallic_a colony_n fol._n 12_o gavel_n as_o mr._n s._n expound_v it_o what_o fol._n 112_o gavel-gyldam_a fol._n 119_o gavel-man_n fol._n 120_o gavelate_v a_o writ_n fol._n 121_o 122_o 123_o gavel_n in_o denomination_n fol._n 89_o 90_o in_o the_o british_a dictionary_n fol._n 92_o what_o it_o signify_v fol._n 92_o 93_o not_o impose_v by_o the_o norman_n fol._n 95_o use_v in_o welsh_a subdivision_n of_o land_n fol._n 96_o several_a sort_n of_o gavel_n fol._n 102_o 103_o welsh_a law_n for_o gavelkynd_n fol._n 103_o 104_o 105_o 106_o gavelkynd_n a_o mark_n of_o the_o ancient_n briton_n fol._n 152_o 153_o the_o hinge_n of_o the_o british_a law_n fol._n 155_o 156_o gavelkind_n in_o scotland_n fol._n 159_o gavelkind_n throughout_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n fol._n 4_o in_o all_o first_o plantation_n fol._n 5_o antiquity_n of_o it_o fol._n 18_o 137_o among_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n fol._n 24_o the_o signification_n of_o it_o fol._n 26_o the_o evil_a and_o mischief_n of_o it_o fol._n 27_o 81._o the_o best_a use_n of_o it_o fol._n 27_o that_o it_o be_v extra_fw-la cantium_n fol._n 89_o 151_o gavelkind_n in_o the_o term_n owe_v itself_o to_o partition_n fol._n 149_o gavelkind_n in_o the_o statute_n of_o wales_n fol._n 98_o practise_v in_o urchenfield_n fol._n 100_o hold_v rend_v free_a fol._n 123_o 124_o gavel-kind_n land_n in_o the_o king_n fol._n 128_o grant_v to_o hospital_n how_o fol._n 124_o 128_o 129_o grant_v to_o religious_a society_n fol._n 129_o not_o to_o be_v forfeit_v for_o felony_n fol._n 106_o 107_o garrison_n of_o norman_n in_o hereford_n before_o william_n the_o first_o fol._n 78_o gentleman_n by_o the_o british_a law_n fol._n 172_o 173_o german_a custom_n ancient_o fol._n 7_o german_a partition_n in_o principality_n fol._n 9_o 137_o german_a partition_n in_o private_a estate_n fol._n 9_o german_a partition_n evict_v by_o a_o jest_n fol._n 9_o 10_o german_a landscheutan_n what_o fol._n 136_o 137_o give-all-kynne_n fol._n 130_o 131_o gildas_n camberius_n translate_v molmutius_n law_n into_o latin_a fol._n 154_o glamorganshire_n conquer_a fol._n 94_o gothick_n work_v use_v by_o the_o saxon_n fol._n 80_o guorongus_n viceroy_n of_o kent_n fol._n 41_o gueily-gord_a what_o fol._n 105_o gymnasium_n of_o the_o druid_n be_v in_o britain_n fol._n 17_o h._n hacana_n and_o westanheconi_n what_o fol._n 44_o 45_o hecanae_n wulfhardus_fw-la episcopus_fw-la fol._n 44_o hengist_n and_o horsus_n fol._n 37_o hengists_n reception_n of_o kent_n examine_v fol._n 37_o etc._n etc._n how_o hengist_n have_v kent_n fol._n 45_o he_o alter_v not_o the_o kentish_a law_n fol._n 49_o heutland_n fol._n 90_o henry_n the_o first_o command_v the_o observation_n of_o king_n edward_n law_n fol._n 61_o his_o law_n of_o partition_n fol._n 144_o hereditary_a succession_n among_o the_o britain_n fol._n 18_o heriot_n fol._n 108_o herring-gable_n fol._n 116_o highlander_n in_o scotland_n ancient_o britain_n fol._n 160_o hony-gavel_a fol._n 118_o howeldha_n fol._n 25_o he_o make_v not_o the_o welsh_a law_n fol._n 153_o 154_o when_o those_o law_n ascribe_v to_o he_o be_v compile_v fol._n 97_o hugo_n the_o port_n against_o picot_n fol._n 66_o 67_o i._n i_o arsey_n isle_n fol._n 11._o 95_o no_o venomous_a creature_n therein_o ibid._n ina_n king_n his_o law_n concern_v the_o welsh_a fol._n 50_o 51._o 64_o joseph_n of_o arimathea_n fol._n 32_o irish_a rhein-taloon_a or_o partition_n fol._n 99_o irish_a and_o welsh_a one_o language_n original_o fol._n 145_o irish_a and_o british_a law_n agree_v fol._n 153_o irish_a understand_v the_o manc_n and_o highland_n language_n fol._n 146_o ireland_n
terrarum_fw-la domini_fw-la diligenter_n intendentes_fw-la etc._n etc._n so_o in_o the_o law_n of_o king_n edgar_n every_o year_n let_v there_o be_v say_v he_o tƿa_v scirgemot_a &_o ðaer_fw-mi beo_fw-la on_o ðaer_n sciregemote_a bisceoƿ_n &_o see_v ealdorman_n &_o þa_a aegþer_n taecan_fw-it ge_fw-mi god_n rihte_n ge_fw-mi ƿeoruld_v rihte_n i.e._n at_o the_o shire-gemote_a let_v the_o bishop_n and_o alderman_n be_v and_o there_o either_o of_o they_o teach_v god_n right_a and_o the_o world_n right_a which_o judgement_n of_o the_o vicenage_n and_o power_n of_o the_o county_n be_v equal_o use_v both_o in_o the_o time_n of_o saxon_a and_o norman_a government_n and_o so_o small_a be_v the_o alteration_n that_o happen_v at_o this_o time_n that_o in_o this_o often_o cite_a survey_n record_v there_o among_o many_o other_o of_o the_o like_a nature_n be_v this_o concern_v of_o the_o burrow_n of_o wallingford_n in_o berrochescire_fw-la which_o conclude_v thus_o modo_fw-la sunt_fw-la in_o ipso_fw-la burgo_n consuetudines_fw-la omnes_fw-la ut_fw-la ante_fw-la fuerant_fw-la and_o so_o where_o it_o record_v the_o custom_n of_o urchenfield_n it_o say_v hae_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la erant_fw-la wallensium_n t.r.e._n id_fw-la est_fw-la tempore_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la for_o the_o man_n of_o urchenfield_n in_o ancient_a record_n be_v call_v welsh_a as_o this_o region_n be_v call_v wales_n for_o in_o the_o book_n of_o knights-fee_n in_o the_o exchequer_n it_o be_v write_v arcenefeld_n in_o wales_n respondere_fw-la tenetur_fw-la daon_n regi_fw-la etc._n etc._n shall_v i_o make_v a_o parallel_n of_o custom_n as_o well_o as_o law_n use_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_n and_o norman_n you_o will_v find_v they_o all_o one_o and_o both_o compare_v with_o the_o law_n of_o howel-dha_a to_o prove_v the_o same_o most_o with_o they_o also_o the_o peep_n in_o the_o saxon_a law_n be_v render_v aestimatio_fw-la capitis_fw-la and_o those_o provide_v that_o in_o case_n upon_o a_o offence_n it_o can_v not_o be_v pay_v neither_o by_o the_o criminal_a nor_o his_o kindred_n then_o be_v he_o to_o undergo_v a_o service_n for_o it_o somewhat_o of_o this_o nature_n be_v in_o the_o norman_a time_n for_o among_o the_o custom_n of_o lewes_n in_o domesdey-book_n i_o find_v that_o adulterium_fw-la vel_fw-la raptum_fw-la faciens_fw-la viij_o solid_n &_o four_o den._n emendat_fw-la homo_fw-la &_o faemina_fw-la tantundem_fw-la rex_fw-la habet_fw-la hominem_fw-la adulterum_fw-la archiepiscopus_fw-la faeminam_fw-la this_o be_v there_o set_v down_o as_o a_o ancient_a custom_n belong_v to_o that_o town_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_n but_o in_o the_o time_n of_o hen._n 1._o in_o the_o 11._o cap._n of_o his_o law_n it_o be_v thus_o upon_o a_o general_a account_n set_v down_o qui_fw-la uxoratus_fw-la faciet_fw-la adulterium_fw-la habeat_fw-la rex_fw-la ejus_fw-la vel_fw-la dominus_fw-la i_o believe_v ejus_fw-la shall_v be_v set_v after_o dominus_fw-la superiorem_fw-la episcopus_fw-la inferiorem_fw-la and_o these_o ƿere_n be_v sound_v corroborate_v by_o that_o name_n in_o the_o law_n of_o hen._n 1._o but_o in_o short_a you_o will_v find_v by_o this_o domesdey-book_n that_o in_o most_o place_n of_o england_n it_o be_v certify_v they_o have_v those_o very_a custom_n in_o the_o norman_a government_n which_o they_o have_v in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n i_o know_v there_o be_v many_o jocular_a tenor_n but_o whether_o all_o of_o they_o that_o occur_v be_v invent_v or_o impose_v by_o the_o norman_n it_o matter_n not_o much_o because_o they_o do_v not_o interfere_v upon_o propriety_n nor_o injure_v their_o other_o custom_n one_o custom_n report_v to_o be_v bring_v in_o be_v the_o etc._n the_o judge_n dodaridge_n in_o his_o treatise_n of_o the_o law_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o peerage_n of_o england_n in_o his_o 16_o page_n show_v the_o manner_n of_o saxon_a sign_v to_o a_o charter_n of_o henry_n 8._o to_o his_o son_n edward_n when_o he_o be_v create_v prince_n of_o wales_n and_o earl_n of_o chester_n where_o it_o be_v conclude_v these_o be_v witness_n the_o reverend_a father_n john_n cardinal_n and_z archbishop_z of_o canterbury_n etc._n etc._n w._n archbishop_n of_o york_n etc._n etc._n seal_v of_o charter_n but_o as_o i_o have_v see_v a_o charter_n seal_v before_o the_o conquest_n so_o since_o the_o conquest_n i_o have_v see_v charter_n sign_v after_o the_o saxon_a mode_n both_o by_o william_n the_o first_o and_o his_o son_n henry_n that_o be_v to_o say_v with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o witness_n and_o cross_n before_o their_o name_n edward_n the_o confessor_n make_v a_o grant_n of_o some_o privilege_n to_o the_o church_n of_o hereford_n and_o firm_v it_o with_o a_o seal_n which_o in_o one_o of_o their_o register_n book_n be_v describe_v to_o be_v preserve_v in_o panno_fw-la serico_fw-la and_o a_o memorandum_n also_o of_o the_o circumscription_n of_o the_o say_a seal_n to_o be_v this_o hoc_fw-la est_fw-la sigillum_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la and_o in_o very_a many_o place_n of_o domesdey-book_n it_o be_v record_v that_o land_n do_v pass_v to_o several_a people_n under_o the_o seal_n of_o king_n edward_n as_o in_o berckshire_n under_o the_o title_n of_o terra_n ecclesie_n abendoniensis_fw-la it_o be_v specify_v that_o anscil_n tenet_n sperfold_v de_fw-fr abbate_n edric_n tenuit_fw-la in_o alodio_n de_fw-la rege_fw-la edwardo_n &_o potuit_fw-la ire_n quo_fw-la voluit_fw-la etc._n etc._n de_fw-fr hoc_fw-la manerio_fw-la scira_n attestatur_fw-la quod_fw-la edricus_fw-la qui_fw-la eum_fw-la tenebat_fw-la deliberavit_fw-la illum_fw-la filio_fw-la svo_fw-la qui_fw-la erat_fw-la in_o abendone_v monachus_n ut_fw-la ad_fw-la firmam_fw-la illud_fw-la teneret_fw-la &_o sibi_fw-la donec_fw-la viveret_fw-la necessaria_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la inde_fw-la donaret_fw-la post_fw-la mortem_fw-la vero_fw-la ejus_fw-la manerium_fw-la haberet_fw-la &_o ideo_fw-la nesciunt_fw-la homines_fw-la de_fw-la scira_n quod_fw-la abbatie_fw-mi pertineat_fw-la neque_fw-la enim_fw-la inde_fw-la viderunt_fw-la brevem_fw-la regis_fw-la vel_fw-la sigillum_fw-la abbas_n vero_fw-la testatur_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o t._n r._n e._n misit_fw-la ille_fw-la manerium_fw-la ad_fw-la ecclesiam_fw-la unde_fw-la erat_fw-la &_o inde_fw-la habet_fw-la brevem_fw-la &_o sigillum_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la attestantibus_fw-la omnibus_fw-la monachis_fw-la suis_fw-la and_o in_o that_o county_n under_o the_o title_n of_o terra_fw-la henrici_fw-la de_fw-la ferieres_n be_v that_o ollavintone_n godricus_n vicecomes_a tenuit_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la edwardo_fw-la hanc_fw-la terram_fw-la dedit_fw-la rex_fw-la edwardus_fw-la de_fw-la sva_fw-la firma_fw-la godrico_fw-la &_o inde_fw-la viderunt_fw-la sigillum_fw-la ejus_fw-la homines_fw-la de_fw-la comitatu_fw-la praeter_fw-la istas_fw-la hidas_fw-la accepit_fw-la ipse_fw-la godricus_fw-la de_fw-la firma_fw-la regis_fw-la unam_fw-la v._n terre_fw-fr de_fw-fr qua_fw-la non_fw-la viderunt_fw-la sigillum_fw-la regis_fw-la you_o see_v by_o these_o that_o this_o seal_v be_v look_v upon_o in_o the_o saxon_a time_n as_o of_o great_a strength_n and_o efficacy_n to_o their_o validate_v of_o deed_n and_o conveyance_n i_o can_v willing_o grant_v that_o the_o coverfeu-bell_n continue_v in_o use_n till_o our_o day_n be_v a_o introduction_n of_o the_o norman_a conqueror_n and_o in_o that_o there_o be_v much_o reason_n and_o policy_n for_o no_o doubt_n but_o that_o in_o some_o place_n and_o country_n the_o norman_a soldier_n be_v enforce_v to_o lodge_v dispersedly_z and_o so_o it_o will_v be_v fit_a and_o convenient_a that_o the_o country_n shall_v observe_v that_o timely_a decorum_n and_o order_n not_o only_o beneficial_a to_o themselves_o but_o also_o to_o those_o enquarter_v who_o guard_n will_v be_v the_o more_o difintangle_v the_o more_o they_o have_v of_o freedom_n from_o the_o company_n and_o walk_n of_o the_o country_n people_n and_o as_o the_o ring_n of_o the_o bell_n be_v then_o so_o to_o the_o same_o end_n at_o this_o day_n the_o taptoo_n be_v use_v in_o garrison_n and_o quarter_n by_o the_o beat_v of_o the_o drum_n what_o the_o inducement_n to_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o coverfeu_n may_v be_v i_o know_v not_o perhaps_o it_o may_v be_v the_o knowledge_n of_o that_o entertainment_n which_o the_o english_a bestow_v upon_o the_o dane_n on_o st._n brices_n evening_n and_o at_o this_o time_n of_o the_o conquest_n there_o be_v in_o probability_n many_o live_v that_o be_v not_o only_a eye-witness_n but_o also_o actor_n in_o that_o tragedy_n another_o innovation_n receive_v at_o this_o time_n according_a to_o the_o account_n of_o some_o be_v the_o settlement_n of_o the_o court_n of_o exchequer_n of_o which_o campden_n out_o of_o gervasius_n tilburiensis_n thus_o write_v that_o ab_fw-la ipsa_fw-la regni_fw-la conquisitione_n per_fw-la regem_fw-la gulielmum_fw-la facta_fw-la haec_fw-la curia_fw-la caepisse_v dicitur_fw-la sumpta_fw-la tamen_fw-la ejus_fw-la ratione_fw-la a_o scaccario_fw-la transmarino_fw-mi which_o be_v all_o the_o innovation_n that_o i_o at_o present_a can_v remember_v that_o be_v imaginable_a to_o be_v introduce_v at_o this_o juncture_n which_o if_o more_o be_v not_o considerable_a enough_o for_o to_o be_v a_o ground_n of_o so_o much_o exclamation_n i_o proceed_v to_o the_o
and_o thule_n call_v britain_n fol._n 145_o italian_a partition_n fol._n 12_o 13_o jurye_n fol._n 61_o 62_o 63_o jurye_n among_o the_o welsh_a fol._n 64_o jus_fw-la angliae_fw-la both_o in_o socage_n and_o knights-fee_n fol._n 139_o k._n kentish-british_a law_n not_o alter_v by_o hengist_n fol._n 46_o kent_n invest_v in_o hengist_n examine_v fol._n 37_o kent_n change_v her_o gavelkind_n fol._n 81_o kenneth_n king_n of_o scot_n expel_v the_o pict_n fol._n 163_o kent_n have_v four_o king_n at_o one_o time_n fol._n 45_o kingsland_n fol._n 44_o king_n ethelmund_n ibid._n king_n pibanus_n of_o ergin_n fol._n 44._o 91_o king_n gorvodius_n milfrith_n etc._n etc._n fol._n 45_o kings-bench_n fol._n 69_o kindred_n what_o it_o be_v fol._n 130_o 131_o knave_n whence_o and_o what_o fol._n 176_o gods-cnave_a ibid._n knight-service_n in_o wales_n fol._n 103._o 107_o knights-fee_n descend_v to_o the_o elder_a fol._n 138_o kind_a fol._n 27._o 130_o 131._o 133_o l._n landscheutan_a german_a tenure_n fol._n 135_o 136_o 137._o land-shifting_a landskistan_n fol._n 136_o the_o saxon_a denomination_n of_o partition_n fol._n 143_o the_o proper_a kentish_a appellation_n fol._n 144_o 145_o land_n ancient_o not_o valuable_a fol._n 6._o 28_o language_n of_o scotland_n fol._n 76_o saxon_n english_a and_z french_z fol._n 75_o 76_o english_a not_o change_v by_o the_o norman_a conquest_n fol._n 75_o welsh_n the_o remain_v of_o the_o gallic_a and_o british_a fol._n 17_o law_n of_o king_n edward_n confirm_v by_o the_o norman_n fol._n 58_o 59_o lawes-common_a not_o write_v fol._n 69_o lawcase_n ibid._n law_n of_o england_n overthrow_v norman_n intruder_n fol._n 65_o learning_n of_o the_o druid_n fol._n 17_o legales_fw-la homines_fw-la or_o yeoman_n mark_fw-mi fol._n 63_o lieutenant_n of_o the_o saxon_a shore_n in_o britain_n fol._n 39_o lempster_n from_o a_o church_n of_o nun_n fol._n 44_o lewes_n in_o sussex_n fol._n 71_o lesley_n bishop_n of_o ross_n in_o scotland_n a_o historian_n fol._n 163_o lewis_n island_n in_o scotland_n hold_v gavelkind_a fol._n 160_o liberty_n of_o englishman_n fol._n 81_o liberi_fw-la sokemanni_n what_o fol._n 148_o llâ—â—_n what_o fol._n 90_o llanfrawtwt_v a_o college_n ancient_o found_v fol._n 90_o llangattock_n gafael_n meâ—bon_n ibid._n litthfield_n chronicle_n fol._n 58_o loager_n loegria_n fol._n 86_o lonaâ—â—_n fol._n 87_o london_n a_o memorial_n of_o troy_n fol._n 83_o london_n its_o law_n very_o ancient_a fol._n 55_o lower_v germany_n use_v partition_n fol._n 11_o m._n mail_v fol._n 120._o 133_o manor_n or_o circuit_n in_o wales_n ancient_o fol._n 96_o marquess_n lord_n marcher_n fol._n 42_o mayor_n whence_o derive_v fol._n 49_o menavians_n understand_v welsh_a and_o irish_a fol._n 146_o merewoldus_n a_o king_n fol._n 43_o merimnus_n a_o king_n fol._n 44_o mercelin_n a_o king_n ibid._n merchenlaege_n what_o fol._n 54_o 57_o mate-gavel_a fol._n 118_o mickel-gemote_a fol._n 65_o military_a fee_n fol._n 149_o morgan_n fol._n 132_o 133_o monmouthshire_n conquer_a fol._n 93_o mortimer_n radulf_n fol._n 78_o mulct_n different_a in_o rate_n in_o england_n fol._n 59_o mulmuâ—us_n dunwallo_n british_a legisâ—tor_n fol._n 154_o his_o law_n translate_v into_o saxon_a fol._n 54._o 154_o n._n neife_n what_o ancient_o fol._n 169_o norman_n of_o their_o conquest_n fol._n 56_o 57_o of_o their_o alteration_n ibid._n they_o alter_v not_o the_o english_a law_n fol._n 57_o of_o their_o law_n in_o normandy_n or_o neustria_n ibid._n employ_v in_o england_n before_o william_n the_o first_o fol._n 78_o their_o enter_a into_o wales_n fol._n 93_o their_o original_a from_o norway_n fol._n 58_o o._n oath_n of_o allegiance_n fol._n 55._o 61_o oat_n or_o oale-gavel_a fol._n 113_o doin_n what_o fol._n 174_o ollavintone_n in_o berkshire_n fol._n 73_o offa_n ditch_n a_o limit_n fol._n 43_o opinion_n receive_v hardly_o remove_v fol._n 1_o ostorius_n publius_n fol._n 34_o p._n paganus_fw-la pagan_a what_o fol._n 168._o 175_o 176_o palatinate_n cheshire_n and_o glamorganshire_n fol._n 94_o pandeborn_n in_o berkshire_n fol._n 68_o parliament_n fol._n 65_o parcener_n per_fw-la le_fw-fr custom_n fol._n 147_o 148_o partition_n use_v in_o first_o plantation_n fol._n 6_o use_v by_o the_o israelite_n fol._n 8_o antiquity_n of_o it_o by_o sacred_a and_o profane_a authority_n fol._n 9_o 10_o make_a use_n of_o by_o brute_n to_o his_o son_n fol._n 15_o 16_o the_o custom_n of_o wales_n fol._n 28._o 103._o 156_o among_o male_n and_o female_n fol._n 100_o 101_o use_v by_o the_o saxon_n fol._n 141_o 142_o 143_o use_v by_o the_o english_a norman_n fol._n 144_o not_o in_o the_o term_n gavelkind_n fol._n 147_o 148_o whether_o ratione_fw-la rei_fw-la aut_fw-la ratione_fw-la terrae_fw-la fol._n 149_o continue_v in_o wales_n by_o statute_n fol._n 153_o the_o manner_n of_o it_o among_o the_o welsh_a fol._n 156_o pencennedl_n or_o chief_n among_o the_o britain_n fol._n 23._o 97._o 132_o jew_n fol._n 23_o scot_n fol._n 24_o irish_a fol._n 97_o pelagian_a heresy_n set_v against_o fol._n 90_o penda_fw-la pibanus_n king_n of_o urchenfield_n fol._n 44._o 91_o piben_fw-ge wat_fw-mi fol._n 174_o pict_n they_o injure_v and_o repulse_v the_o britain_n fol._n 36_o the_o pict_n wall_n ibid._n planter_n at_o first_o the_o condition_n of_o they_o fol._n 5_o placita_fw-la what_o and_o plead_n ancient_o fol._n 68_o 69_o plead_n in_o french_a fol._n 69_o pluntune_v fol._n 116_o powisland_n divide_v subdivide_v and_o parcele_v fol._n 25_o 26_o polydore_v virgil_n examine_v fol._n 83_o privilege_n of_o urchenfield_n fol._n 108._o 156_o primogeniture_n prefer_v fol._n 82._o 138_o price_n sir_n john_n his_o defence_n hist_o brit._n fol._n 84_o pride-gavel_a what_o fol._n 112_o 113_o primogeniture_n in_o scotland_n wâ—y_n fol._n 166_o r._n read-gavel_a fol._n 119_o reguli_fw-la or_o petty_a king_n fol._n 15_o 45_o regulus_n and_o rex_fw-la fol._n 42_o referree_n of_o howel-dha_a what_o they_o do_v fol._n 155_o relief_n fol._n 108_o rent_n reserve_v fol._n 7_o rent_n how_o to_o be_v understand_v fol._n 115_o 116_o rent_n several_a sort_n fol._n 117_o rend_v land_n what_o ancient_o call_v fol._n 119_o rhandir_n what_o fol._n 96_o rodeley_n in_o gloucestershire_n fol._n 112_o roderic_n the_o great_a fol._n 24_o rogerus_fw-la deus_fw-la salvet_fw-la dominas_fw-la fol._n 177_o rochborn_n in_o hampshire_n fol._n 66_o roturier_n of_o france_n fol._n 11_o 95_o rowena_n hengist_n daughter_n fol._n 39_o 41_o roman_a empire_n part_v fol._n 87_o 88_o roman_n alter_v not_o the_o british_a law_n or_o custom_n fol._n 29_o greedy_a of_o conquest_n fol._n 30_o their_o proceed_n in_o the_o conquest_n of_o judaea_n fol._n 30_o of_o greece_n ibid._n of_o britain_n fol._n 30_o 31_o they_o use_v word_n of_o the_o british_a language_n fol._n 31_o set_v up_o a_o false_a will_n for_o the_o emperor_n fol._n 32_o the_o effect_n of_o it_o fol._n 32_o 33_o they_o desert_n britain_n fol._n 35_o s._n saisson_n and_o saisnaeg_n how_o to_o be_v understand_v fol._n 86_o saxon_n they_o co-inhabit_a with_o the_o britain_n fol._n 37_o they_o defend_v the_o pict_n wall_n fol._n 38_o whether_o they_o extirpate_v the_o britain_n or_o no_v ibid._n they_o break_v their_o article_n with_o the_o britain_n fol._n 38_o their_o piracy_n fol._n 41_o they_o fail_v in_o their_o trust_n fol._n 42_o they_o expel_v not_o the_o britain_n fol._n 47_o they_o borrow_v many_o british_a word_n fol._n 48_o 49_o they_o use_v british_a law_n and_o custom_n fol._n 49_o they_o intermix_v their_o saxon_n with_o british_a fol._n 50_o their_o law_n provide_v for_o the_o british_a inhabitant_n fol._n 50_o 51_o 52_o they_o use_v partition_n of_o land_n fol._n 141_o their_o nobility_n who_o and_o what_o fol._n 70_o concern_v their_o character_n fol._n 76_o they_o write_v latin_a ancient_o in_o roman_a letter_n fol._n 76_o they_o change_v their_o form_n of_o fight_a fol._n 77_o sand-gavel_a what_o fol._n 113_o seal_v and_o sign_v of_o charter_n fol._n 72_o 73_o serjeanty_n grand_a and_o petit_n fol._n 171_o servi_n what_o ancient_o fol._n 169._o 172_o servitude_n not_o in_o england_n fol._n 81_o scotish_n language_n fol._n 76_o scot_n and_o lot_n what_o fol._n 78_o scotland_n fol._n 87_o scotish-socage-land_n fol._n 159_o 160_o scotish_n with_o their_o language_n have_v the_o saxon_a custom_n fol._n 161_o scotish_n tongue_n before_o william_n the_o conqueror_n ibid._n scot_n receive_v the_o english_a temp_n willielmi_n primi_fw-la fol._n 162_o scotish_n tongue_n when_o first_o receive_v fol._n 162_o 163_o scotish_n bound_n in_o scotland_n fol._n 165_o sherborn_n against_o warren_n fol._n 65_o shire_n not_o ancient_o in_o wales_n fol._n 94_o soc_n and_o sac_n what_o fol._n 177_o 178_o 179_o socage_n land_n change_v fol._n 139_o socage_n land_n ancient_o partible_a fol._n 89_o 139_o spersold_v in_o berkshire_n fol._n 73_o surname_n when_o first_o use_v fol._n 176_o 177_o suit_n and_o doom_n in_o urchenfield_n fol._n 111_o swyddog_n a_o magistrate_n in_o welsh_a fol._n 93_o 173_o swine-gavel_a what_o fol._n 115_o
the_o vaughan_n of_o brechnock-shire_n and_o many_o other_o gentleman_n who_o be_v term_v tylwyth_n voreiddig_n 1._o gwgan_n ap_fw-mi blethin_n 2._o cadivor_fw-la ap_fw-mi blethin_n gryff_fw-mi gwyr_n from_o who_o the_o family_n of_o brechn_n glamorg_n and_o carmatthenshires_n come_v call_v tylwyth_n howel-melyn_n that_o be_v howel-melyns_a posterity_n owen_n gethyn_n from_o who_o many_o gentleman_n in_o brechnock-shire_n be_v descend_v call_v tylwyth_n owen_n gethyn_n that_o be_v the_o posterity_n or_o tribe_n of_o owen_n gethin_n here_o you_o see_v this_o bard_n have_v not_o only_o vouchsafe_v unto_o we_o the_o tylwyth_n arise_v out_o of_o this_o short_a pedigree_n but_o also_o the_o very_a meaning_n of_o the_o word_n in_o the_o english_a thus_o be_v their_o memorial_n preserve_v by_o they_o who_o the_o better_a to_o infix_v they_o and_o also_o for_o a_o great_a stimulum_fw-la to_o heroic_a action_n in_o their_o song_n deduce_v from_o age_n to_o age_n deliver_v to_o they_o from_o their_o predecessor_n do_v celebrate_v the_o praise_n of_o their_o worthy_a man_n which_o custom_n in_o some_o place_n they_o yet_o retain_v and_o of_o so_o great_a account_n be_v these_o bard_n that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o howel-dha_a a_o honourable_a provision_n be_v make_v for_o the_o chief_a of_o they_o in_o the_o court_n who_o be_v to_o reside_v near_o the_o person_n of_o the_o prince_n and_o of_o so_o great_a repute_n be_v this_o place_n or_o office_n that_o to_o the_o dignity_n be_v annex_v a_o particular_a refugium_fw-la the_o use_n of_o these_o tylwyth_n be_v to_o show_v not_o only_o the_o original_n of_o family_n as_o if_o their_o work_n have_v be_v mere_o to_o run_v over_o a_o pedigree_n but_o the_o several_a distinction_n and_o distance_n of_o birth_n that_o in_o case_n any_o line_n shall_v make_v a_o failer_z the_o next_o in_o degree_n which_o be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o german_a proximus_fw-la gradus_fw-la may_v make_v a_o unconfounded_a use_n of_o their_o interest_n according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o partition_n by_o their_o gavel_n i_o tell_v you_o before_o how_o in_o all_o their_o pedigree_n there_o be_v a_o preference_n of_o primogeniture_n which_o be_v only_o in_o honour_n and_o respect_n and_o not_o in_o unequal_a division_n of_o the_o patrimony_n for_o in_o these_o the_o better_a to_o carry_v a_o light_n use_v lustre_n they_o point_v at_o the_o penennedl_n of_o each_o family_n who_o as_o the_o prince_n of_o their_o tribe_n and_o kindred_n be_v always_o have_v in_o much_o honour_n and_o reverence_n among_o they_o which_o respect_n be_v like_a that_o wherewith_o the_o jew_n do_v honour_v their_o chief_n mention_v they_o with_o that_o title_n of_o respect_n in_o call_v they_o sometime_o head_n of_o their_o father_n house_n other-while_n chief_a man_n and_o in_o other_o place_n of_o scripture_n they_o be_v make_v know_v by_o this_o account_n viz._n by_o their_o generation_n after_o the_o house_n of_o their_o father_n and_o in_o this_o form_n do_v they_o enrol_v their_o band_n of_o soldier_n for_o the_o war_n for_o it_o be_v write_v in_o the_o chronicle_n chapter_n 1_o chron_n 7._o and_o 8_o chapter_n that_o david_n assemble_v all_o the_o prince_n of_o israel_n the_o prince_n of_o the_o tribe_n etc._n etc._n unto_o jerusalem_n 25.44_o numb_a 25.44_o in_o like_a manner_n it_o be_v record_v in_o number_n that_o the_o name_n of_o the_o israelite_n that_o be_v slay_v be_v zimti_n the_o son_n of_o salu_n a_o prince_n of_o a_o chief_a house_n among_o the_o simeonites_n and_o in_o the_o follow_a verse_n it_o be_v remember_v that_o the_o name_n of_o the_o midianitish_a woman_n that_o be_v slay_v be_v cozbi_n the_o daughter_n of_o zur_n he_o be_v head_n of_o a_o people_n and_o of_o a_o chief_a house_n in_o midian_a where_o this_o order_n of_o partition_n be_v in_o force_n there_o be_v it_o most_o necessary_a that_o genealogy_n shall_v be_v most_o exact_o keep_v and_o by_o the_o moysaicall_a law_n so_o great_a care_n be_v take_v in_o this_o point_n that_o the_o tribe_n be_v not_o permit_v to_o have_v mixtion_n together_o by_o intermarriage_n and_o although_o in_o many_o of_o the_o highland_n of_o scotland_n they_o have_v lose_v this_o tenure_n yet_o have_v they_o with_o much_o affection_n retain_v their_o respect_n to_o the_o head_n of_o their_o clan_n call_v they_o their_o chief_n to_o who_o in_o former_a time_n they_o give_v more_o respect_n and_o be_v with_o more_o obedience_n command_v than_o by_o their_o prince_n the_o pedigree_n before_o recite_v i_o tell_v you_o i_o give_v to_o show_v their_o manner_n of_o record_v their_o family_n of_o gentry_n distinguish_v from_o their_o pen-cennedl_a i_o have_v another_o that_o â—â—ows_v how_o tenacious_o their_o gavel_n be_v in_o force_n among_o they_o even_o in_o regno_fw-la adâ—unâ—o_fw-la and_o how_o by_o it_o in_o process_n of_o time_n that_o principality_n come_v to_o great_a loss_n and_o destruction_n roderick_n the_o great_a be_v prince_n of_o all_o wales_n have_v three_o son_n among_o who_o he_o divide_v his_o territory_n which_o three_o son_n be_v call_v y_o tri_n twysoc_n talaethioc_n that_o be_v the_o three_o crown_a prince_n because_o every_o one_o of_o they_o do_v wear_v upon_o his_o bonnet_n or_o helmet_n a_o coronet_n of_o gold_n be_v a_o broad_a lace_n or_o hatband_n indent_v upward_o set_v and_o wrought_v with_o precious_a stone_n which_o in_o the_o british_a be_v call_v talaeth_n by_o which_o name_n the_o nurse_n do_v call_v the_o head-band_n wherewith_o a_o child_n head_n be_v bind_v uppermost_a at_o this_o time_n as_o doctor_n powel_n have_v critical_o observe_v but_o that_o it_o may_v be_v the_o more_o plain_a and_o perspicuous_a take_v it_o genealogistical_o thus_o roderick_n surname_v the_o great_a prince_n of_o wales_n 1._o mervyn_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n 2._o cadelh_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n howel-dha_a in_o who_o the_o territory_n of_o north-wales_n and_o south-wales_n be_v unite_v and_o be_v the_o second_o legislator_n of_o the_o britan_n an._n christi_fw-la 942._o 3._o anarawd_n prince_n of_o powis_n after_o several_a succession_n which_o i_o purposely_o omit_v to_o save_v the_o labour_n of_o needless_o lengthen_v the_o line_n there_o from_o he_o proceed_v one_o convyn-blethin_a ap_fw-mi convyn_n who_o be_v prince_n of_o powis-land_n divide_v it_o to_o his_o two_o son_n 1._o meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethin_n who_o divide_v his_o apartment_n of_o powis-land_n betwixt_o his_o two_o son_n 1._o madoc_n who_o have_v upon_o the_o division_n that_o part_n that_o be_v call_v powys-uadoc_a or_o madoc_n his_o powis_n he_o die_v anno_fw-la d._n 1160._o at_o winchester_n and_o be_v call_v the_o prince_n of_o powy_n he_o be_v a_o true_a friend_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n susanua_n daughter_n of_o gruffyth_n ap_fw-mi conan_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n 2._o gruffyth_o prince_n of_o powy_n have_v another_o share_n of_o powy_n land_n 1._o gruffith_n maelor_n have_v for_o his_o share_n bromefield_n yale_n hopedale_n chirk_n etc._n etc._n 2._o owen_n vachan_n have_v mechain-iscoid_a etc._n etc._n 2._o cadogan_n ap_fw-mi blethin_n 1_o owyn_n brogynton_n a_o base_a son_n of_o madoc_n ap_fw-mi blethin_n have_v dynmael_n and_o edeirneon_n and_o doctor_n powel_n in_o his_o additament_n to_o the_o cambrian_a history_n in_o those_o i_o mean_v that_o he_o have_v set_v betwixt_o the_o year_n 808._o and_o 810._o give_v a_o full_a discourse_n of_o the_o primitive_a use_n of_o this_o tenure_n and_o also_o of_o the_o modern_a abuse_n thereof_o for_o upon_o those_o great_a feud_n that_o arise_v betwixt_o the_o descendant_n of_o conan_n tindaethwy_n upon_o this_o account_n of_o partition_n he_o write_v thus_o here_o i_o think_v fit_a to_o say_v somewhat_o of_o the_o custom_n and_o tenure_n of_o wales_n whereof_o this_o mischief_n grow_v viz._n the_o feud_n betwixt_o brethren_n the_o rend_v the_o government_n in_o piece_n etc._n etc._n that_o be_v the_o division_n of_o the_o father_n inheritance_n among_o all_o the_o son_n common_o call_v gavelkind_n gavel_n be_v a_o british_a term_n signify_v a_o hold_n because_o every_o one_o of_o the_o son_n do_v hold_v some_o portion_n of_o his_o father_n land_n as_o his_o lawful_a son_n and_o successor_n this_o be_v the_o cause_n not_o only_o of_o the_o overthrow_n of_o all_o the_o ancient_a nobility_n in_o wales_n for_o by_o that_o mean_n the_o inheritance_n be_v continual_o divide_v and_o subdivide_v among_o the_o child_n and_o the_o child_n child_n etc._n etc._n be_v at_o length_n bring_v to_o nothing_o but_o also_o of_o much_o bloodshed_n and_o unnatural_a strife_n and_o contention_n among_o brethren_n aâ—_n we_o have_v here_o a_o example_n viz._n the_o history_n of_o the_o descendant_n of_o conan_n tindaethwy_n and_o many_o other_o in_o this_o history_n he_o mean_v in_o lancarvan_n british_a history_n nation_n history_n i_o can_v wish_v that_o those_o renown_a english_a plantation_n in_o america_n will_v examine_v of_o what_o avail_n
be_v have_v to_o the_o condition_n and_o quality_n of_o the_o land_n in_o say_v 374._o say_v pag._n 374._o sicut_fw-la de_fw-fr gavelkynd_n vel_fw-la alibi_fw-la ubi_fw-la terra_fw-la partibilis_fw-la est_fw-la ratione_fw-la terrae_fw-la then_o will_v i_o be_v inform_v what_o they_o mean_v by_o this_o ratione_fw-la terrae_fw-la for_o if_o the_o ratio_fw-la rei_fw-la signify_v the_o tenure_n than_o the_o ratio_fw-la terrae_fw-la shall_v have_v relation_n to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o soil_n for_o sure_a it_o can_v have_v relation_n to_o the_o distance_n or_o difference_n by_o the_o celestial_a degree_n i_o can_v i_o confess_v apprehend_v the_o nicety_n of_o the_o distinction_n and_o therefore_o pass_v to_o that_o which_o mr._n 44._o mr._n pag._n 44._o s._n say_v that_o that_o property_n alone_o of_o the_o land_n be_v gavelkynd_n or_o so_o call_v do_v not_o suffice_v to_o render_v it_o partible_n if_o the_o question_n be_v so_o far_o obtain_v and_o grant_v that_o gavel-kind_n signify_v natura_fw-la redditus_fw-la and_o that_o that_o be_v the_o genuine_a etymology_n thereof_o then_o must_v it_o be_v true_a and_o concede_v but_o on_o the_o contrary_a i_o know_v much_o gavelkynd_n land_n that_o be_v not_o subject_v to_o rent_n how_o will_v it_o then_o answer_v the_o tenor_n derivation_n and_o signification_n whereas_o in_o this_o exposition_n of_o the_o â—erm_n that_o i_o have_v give_v viz._n tenura_n progenici_fw-la aut_fw-la familias_fw-la division_n significant_o reside_v in_o its_o name_n and_o nature_n i_o be_o sure_a the_o inference_n be_v so_o strong_a that_o where_o there_o be_v gavelkynd_n there_o be_v partition_n and_o it_o may_v as_o proper_o be_v say_v that_o the_o tenure_n of_o burgh-english_a by_o the_o intrinsical_a value_v of_o its_o name_n do_v not_o import_n the_o young_a son_n shall_v inherit_v the_o land_n as_o that_o gavelkind_a do_v not_o infer_v a_o regular_a participation_n upon_o partition_n by_o the_o parcener_n which_o to_o strengthen_v it_o the_o more_o be_v now_o become_v a_o ancient_a custom_n and_o this_o sir_n 165._o sir_n lib._n 2._o sect._n 165._o edward_n coke_n say_v be_v one_o of_o the_o main_a triangle_n of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n these_o law_n be_v divide_v into_o common-law_n statute-law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o last_o of_o which_o he_o add_v out_o of_o bracton_n that_o consuetudo_fw-la quandoque_fw-la pro_fw-la lege_fw-la servatur_fw-la in_fw-la partibus_fw-la ubi_fw-la fuerit_fw-la more_fw-it utentium_fw-la approbata_fw-la &_o vicem_fw-la leg_n be_v obtinet_fw-la long_o ae_z vi_fw-la enim_fw-la tempor_fw-la be_v usus_fw-la &_o consuetudinis_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la vilis_fw-la autoritas_fw-la long_fw-mi possessio_fw-la sicut_fw-la ejus_fw-la parit_fw-la jus_o possidendi_fw-la &_o tollit_fw-la actionem_fw-la vero_fw-la domino_fw-la so_o that_o its_o continuance_n for_o so_o long_a a_o time_n to_o be_v a_o custom_n give_v it_o a_o privilege_n without_o any_o impropriety_n of_o speech_n to_o be_v call_v a_o law_n notwithstanding_o the_o several_a usage_n in_o this_o tenure_n and_o although_o mr._n s._n seem_v startle_v at_o what_o be_v before_o cite_v out_o of_o bracton_n sicut_fw-la de_fw-fr gavelkynd_n well_fw-mi alibi_n ubi_fw-la terra_fw-la est_fw-la partibilis_fw-la etc._n etc._n there_o be_v no_o reason_n that_o this_o alibi_n shall_v so_o offend_v he_o as_o to_o call_v it_o a_o improper_a expression_n for_o i_o believe_v there_o be_v scarce_o a_o county_n in_o england_n but_o have_v this_o tenure_n more_o or_o less_o beside_o what_o place_n i_o have_v already_o cite_v in_o this_o discourse_n i_o know_v there_o be_v much_o in_o shropshire_n yet_o take_v one_o more_o upon_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o the_o county_n of_o norfolk_n which_o be_v thus_o record_v in_o the_o chamberlain_n office_n of_o the_o exchequer_n placita_fw-la coram_fw-la rege_fw-la anno_fw-la 20._o edw._n 3._o term._n hillar_n norfol._n 97._o asss._n in_o qua_fw-la johs_n buxkyn_n chr_n profert_fw-la scriptum_fw-la relaxationis_fw-la johis_fw-la de_fw-la pickering_n &_o willielmi_n fratris_fw-la ejus_fw-la gallicè_fw-la factum_fw-la de_fw-la medietat_fw-la vi_fw-la mess_n etc._n etc._n &_o iiii_o tercellorum_fw-la in_o clipesby_n billokby_n etc._n etc._n in_o hoc_fw-la placito_fw-la patet_fw-la quod_fw-la tenementa_fw-la quae_fw-la sunt_fw-la de_fw-la feodo_fw-la de_fw-fr pickering_n sunt_fw-la partibilia_fw-la inter_fw-la masculos_fw-la so_o that_o turn_n into_o what_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n you_o please_v i_o believe_v you_o will_v find_v gavel-kind_n but_o mr._n s._n proceed_v by_o way_n of_o wonder_n say_v we_o be_v tell_v that_o this_o custom_n of_o gavelkynd_n partition_n take_v place_n have_v do_v at_o least_o in_o other_o county_n and_o sir_n edward_n coke_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n have_v lapse_v into_o the_o like_a misapprehension_n for_o upon_o these_o word_n of_o littleton_n en_fw-fr le_fw-fr county_n de_fw-fr kent_n he_o make_v this_o note_n for_o that_o say_v he_o in_o no_o county_n of_o england_n land_n at_o this_o day_n be_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o gavel-kind_n of_o common_a right_n save_v in_o kent_n only_o but_o yet_o he_o present_o add_v in_o divers_a part_n of_o england_n within_z divers_z manor_n and_o signory_n the_o like_a custom_n be_v in_o force_n for_o my_o part_n i_o must_v acknowledge_v i_o be_o to_o seek_v as_o to_o the_o neatness_n of_o the_o distinction_n first_o saying_n that_o no_o county_n of_o england_n have_v land_n it_o be_v not_o say_v all_o the_o land_n of_o the_o county_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o gavel-kind_n of_o common_a right_n and_o yet_o that_o in_o divers_a part_n of_o england_n within_z divers_z manor_n and_o signory_n the_o like_a custom_n be_v in_o force_n if_o the_o salvo_n lie_v in_o this_o word_n viz._n of_o common_a right_n i_o will_v willing_o be_v satisfy_v whether_o land_n in_o gavel-kind_n do_v not_o pass_v both_o according_a to_o common_a right_n as_o well_o as_o common_a law_n certain_a it_o be_v that_o the_o common_a law_n of_o that_o county_n hundred_o or_o seignory_n where_o gavelkynd_n be_v in_o force_n make_v the_o child_n participant_n of_o that_o land_n by_o common_a right_n and_o it_o be_v the_o common_a law_n by_o which_o that_o common_a right_n be_v or_o can_v be_v claim_v in_o page_n 53._o and_o 54._o mr._n s._n speak_v of_o what_o littleton_n instance_v in_o north-wales_n that_o this_o custom_n of_o gavel-kind_n partition_n take_v place_n beside_o kent_n he_o introduce_v it_o from_o that_o authority_n not_o as_o his_o faith_n and_o belief_n but_o with_o a_o we_o be_v tell_v but_o let_v not_o the_o scruple_n be_v so_o great_a when_o i_o declare_v what_o before_o i_o have_v show_v that_o it_o be_v in_o south-wales_n as_o well_o as_o north-wales_n and_o in_o other_o place_n as_o well_o as_o there_o but_o then_o he_o proceed_v to_o question_v thus_o what_o custom_n i_o pray_v if_o you_o inquire_v of_o littleton_n he_o will_v tell_v you_o it_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o gavelkind_a partition_n or_o inquire_v of_o the_o customer_n you_o will_v find_v they_o no_o stranger_n to_o the_o denomination_n of_o gavel_n and_o the_o word_n in_o use_n among_o they_o even_o to_o express_v the_o tenure_n littleton_n word_n be_v these_o auxy_n tiel_n custom_n est_fw-fr en_fw-fr autres_fw-fr lieux_fw-fr dengleterr_v &_o auxy_n tiel_n custom_n est_fw-fr en_fw-fr north-gale_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v also_o such_o custom_n he_o write_v of_o parcener_n by_o custom_n which_o be_v gavel-kind_n there_o be_v in_o other_o place_n of_o england_n and_o also_o such_o custom_n be_v in_o north-wales_n etc._n etc._n and_o the_o like_a custom_n as_o our_o author_n mention_n to_o be_v in_o north-wales_n he_o say_v be_v also_o in_o ireland_n for_o there_o he_o add_v the_o land_n also_o which_o be_v one_o mark_v of_o the_o ancient_a briton_n mark_v this_o be_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o gavel-kind_n for_o that_o by_o their_o brehon-law_n the_o bastard_n inherit_v with_o their_o legitimate_a son_n but_o as_o to_o the_o bastard_n that_o custom_n be_v abolish_v agree_v with_o littleton_n in_o this_o point_n see_v a_o old_a statute_n aliter_fw-la usitatum_fw-la est_fw-la in_o wallia_fw-la quam_fw-la in_o anglia_fw-it quo_fw-la ad_fw-la successionem_fw-la haereditatis_fw-la eo_fw-la quod_fw-la haereditas_fw-la partibilis_fw-la est_fw-la inter_fw-la haeredes_fw-la maseulos_fw-la à _fw-la tempore_fw-la cujus_fw-la non_fw-la extitit_fw-la memoria_fw-la partibilis_fw-la extitit_fw-la dominus_fw-la rex_fw-la non_fw-la vult_fw-la quod_fw-la consuetudo_fw-la illa_fw-la abrogetur_fw-la sed_fw-la quod_fw-la haereditates_fw-la remaneant_fw-la partibiles_fw-la inter_fw-la consimiles_fw-la haeredes_fw-la sicut_fw-la fieri_fw-la consuevit_fw-la &_o fiat_fw-la partitio_fw-la illius_fw-la sicut_fw-la fieri_fw-la consuevit_fw-la to_o that_o which_o sir_n edward_n coke_n wonder_v at_o which_o be_v the_o participation_n of_o bastard_n by_o the_o brehon-law_n in_o the_o land_n that_o be_v partible_a i_o have_v already_o show_v it_o be_v a_o law_n or_o a_o custom_n among_o the_o britain_n but_o sir_n edward_n conclude_v that_o gavelkynd_n custom_n in_o ireland_n be_v
may_v as_o well_o signify_v all_o the_o king_n child_n as_o one_o though_o even_o among_o the_o welsh_a some_o honourable_a mark_n be_v afford_v to_o the_o elder_a above_o the_o rest_n perhaps_o as_o it_o be_v find_v in_o the_o german_a it_o may_v be_v a_o relic_n of_o the_o old_a gallic_a language_n i_o can_v tire_v the_o reader_n by_o cite_v number_n of_o the_o like_a but_o by_o these_o and_o the_o like_a it_o seem_v to_o i_o that_o the_o saxon_n coinhabiting_a with_o the_o britain_n do_v by_o that_o mean_v graft_v a_o mongrel_n speech_n entertain_v much_o of_o a_o mixture_n participate_v both_o of_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o british_a and_o saxon_a which_o the_o saxon_n first_o receive_v by_o observation_n of_o a_o conveniency_n or_o at_o least_o of_o find_v nothing_o repugnant_a to_o reason_n in_o their_o custom_n and_o usage_n for_o when_o they_o first_o come_v over_o they_o be_v barbarous_a whereas_o they_o find_v the_o britain_n civil_a they_o be_v heathen_n the_o britain_n most_o christians_o so_o that_o the_o saxon_n either_o out_o of_o a_o desire_n of_o quiet_a or_o else_o upon_o good_a like_n and_o approbation_n do_v yield_v to_o the_o reception_n of_o most_o of_o those_o confessoris_fw-la those_o similiter_fw-la olim_fw-la apud_fw-la britones_n temporibus_fw-la remanorum_fw-la in_o regno_fw-la isto_fw-la britanniae_fw-la 〈◊〉_d senatores_fw-la qui_fw-la postea_fw-la temporibus_fw-la saxonum_n vocabantur_fw-la aldermannâ—_n non_fw-la propter_fw-la aetatem_fw-la sed_fw-la propter_fw-la sapientiam_fw-la &_o dignitatem_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o leg_n 35._o edovardi_fw-la confessoris_fw-la law_n they_o find_v the_o british_a possess_v of_o and_o those_o the_o saxon_a proceres_fw-la or_o optimates_fw-la do_v confirm_v as_o by_o the_o compare_v of_o the_o saxon_a and_o the_o british_a law_n together_o i_o can_v affirm_v yet_o add_v some_o term_n of_o their_o own_o to_o cause_v they_o to_o carry_v a_o signification_n also_o to_o their_o 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solidis_fw-la redimito_fw-la and_o wallus_fw-la quinque_fw-la terrae_fw-la hidas_fw-la possidens_fw-la 600._o solid_a estimanaus_fw-la est_fw-la this_o inas_fw-la be_v king_n of_o the_o westsaxons_a and_o have_v as_o it_o plain_o appear_v by_o these_o law_n britain_n dwelling_n with_o his_o saxon_n i_o purposely_o pretermit_v the_o 55_o law_n of_o the_o say_a king_n and_o the_o 32._o which_o be_v only_o de_fw-fr regis_fw-la equisone_fw-mi wallo_n and_o be_v a_o concernment_n only_o of_o the_o king_n post_n or_o messenger_n but_o there_o be_v in_o the_o 73d._o law_n of_o the_o same_o king_n not_o only_o a_o difference_n of_o nation_n as_o in_o other_o but_o also_o of_o estate_n and_o condition_n for_o there_o it_o be_v that_o a_o note_n be_v make_v of_o wallus_n servilis_fw-la conditionis_fw-la which_o suppose_v there_o be_v other_o walli_n that_o be_v of_o a_o more_o free_a condition_n as_o in_o the_o title_n of_o that_o law_n it_o be_v manifest_a where_o it_o be_v be_v ðon_o ðe_a ðeoÆ¿_n Æ¿ealh_n frigne_a man_n ofslea_n of_o a_o servile_a welshman_n that_o kill_v a_o freeman_n though_o in_o the_o body_n of_o that_o law_n this_o freeman_n be_v call_v a_o englishman_n and_o in_o the_o title_n of_o the_o 31._o law_n be_v this_o note_n be_v cirlisce_n moan_n land_n haefene_v which_o by_o mr._n lambard_n be_v thus_o render_v de_fw-fr pagano_fw-la fundum_fw-la possidente_fw-la and_o the_o law_n do_v thus_o begin_v wallus_fw-la integram_fw-la terrae_fw-la hydam_n si_fw-la possederit_fw-la esto_fw-la etc._n etc._n by_o which_o law_n it_o seem_v that_o these_o walli_n be_v the_o only_a pagani_n for_o that_o the_o whole_a law_n refer_v to_o wallus_n but_o king_n edward_n the_o confessor_n giveâ—_n we_o a_o more_o particular_a note_n hereof_o write_v what_o nation_n may_v de_fw-la jure_fw-la claim_v privilege_n with_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o england_n and_o say_v brytone_n vero_fw-la armorici_n cum_fw-la venerint_fw-la in_fw-la regno_fw-la isto_fw-la suscipi_fw-la debent_fw-la &_o in_o regno_fw-la protegi_fw-la sicut_fw-la probi_fw-la cives_fw-la de_fw-fr corpore_fw-la regni_fw-la huius_fw-la exierunt_fw-la quondam_a the_o sanguine_a brytonum_fw-la regni_fw-la huius_fw-la etc._n etc._n ita_fw-la constituit_fw-la optimus_fw-la ina_n rex_fw-la anglorum_fw-la qui_fw-la electus_fw-la fuit_fw-la in_o regem_fw-la per_fw-la angelum_fw-la &_o qui_fw-la primò_fw-la obtinuit_fw-la monarchiam_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la huius_fw-la post_fw-la adventum_fw-la anglorum_fw-la in_o britanniam_fw-la primus_fw-la enim_fw-la fuit_fw-la rex_fw-la coronatus_fw-la anglorum_fw-la observe_v this_o &_o btytonum_fw-la simul_fw-la manentium_fw-la in_o brytannia_n post_fw-la adventum_fw-la saxonum_n germaniae_fw-la scilicet_fw-la post_fw-la acceptam_fw-la sidem_fw-la à _fw-la beato_n gregorio_n per_fw-la sanctum_fw-la augustinum_n etc._n etc._n et_fw-la universi_fw-la angli_fw-la qui_fw-la tunc_fw-la temporis_fw-la exiterunt_fw-la vxores_fw-la svas_fw-la ceperunt_fw-la de_fw-la brytonum_fw-la genere_fw-la &_o brytone_n vxores_fw-la svas_fw-la de_fw-la illustri_fw-la sanguine_fw-la &_o genere_fw-la anglorum_fw-la hoc_fw-la est_fw-la de_fw-la genere_fw-la saxonum_n hoc_fw-la enim_fw-la factum_fw-la fuit_fw-la per_fw-la common_a consilium_fw-la &_o assensum_fw-la omnium_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la &_o principum_fw-la procerum_fw-la comitum_fw-la &_o omnium_fw-la saptentum_fw-la seniorum_fw-la &_o popuiorum_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la &_o per_fw-la praeceptum_fw-la regis_fw-la inae_fw-la praedicti_fw-la etc._n etc._n et_fw-la tali_fw-la modo_fw-la effecti_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la gens_n una_fw-la &_o popolus_fw-la unus_fw-la per_fw-la universum_fw-la regnum_fw-la brytanniae_fw-la miseratione_n divina_fw-la etc._n etc._n universi_fw-la praedicti_fw-la semper_fw-la postea_fw-la pro_fw-la communi_fw-la utilitate_fw-la coronae_fw-la regni_fw-la insimul_fw-la &_o in_fw-la unum_fw-la viriliter_fw-la contra_fw-la danos_n &_o norwegienses_fw-la semper_fw-la steterunt_fw-la &_o atrocissime_fw-la unanimi_fw-la voluntate_fw-la contra_fw-la inimicos_fw-la pugnave_n unt_fw-la &_o bella_fw-la atrocissima_fw-la in_o regno_fw-la gesserunt_fw-la by_o which_o it_o be_v plain_a there_o be_v a_o most_o ancient_a accord_n and_o a_o equal_a respect_n to_o the_o britain_n as_o well_o as_o to_o the_o saxon_n so_o may_v we_o see_v in_o the_o law_n of_o king_n aethelstan_n where_o it_o be_v provide_v that_o si_fw-mi wallus_n in_o eas_fw-la opes_fw-la creverit_fw-la ut_fw-la familiam_fw-la alat_fw-la fundum_fw-la possideat_fw-la annuumque_fw-la regi_fw-la censum_fw-la pendat_fw-la 220._o solidis_fw-la valeto_fw-la atque_fw-la si_fw-la dimidiatam_fw-la tantummodo_fw-la terrae_fw-la hydam_n possederit_fw-la 80._o solidis_fw-la aestimator_fw-la quin_fw-la si_fw-la terram_fw-la prorsus_fw-la nullam_fw-la habuerit_fw-la capitis_fw-la tamen_fw-la aestimatio_fw-la ac_fw-la biþ_n freoh_n siquidem_fw-la be_v fuerit_fw-la ingenuus_fw-la if_o he_o be_v a_o freeman_n 70._o solidorum_fw-la esto_fw-la by_o this_o we_o collect_v the_o britain_n be_v not_o expulse_v that_o they_o do_v co-inhabit_a with_o the_o saxon_n and_o maintain_v a_o right_a in_o their_o possession_n which_o in_o like_a manner_n i_o hope_v to_o find_v they_o do_v in_o their_o law_n and_o custom_n i_o shall_v make_v use_n in_o the_o first_o place_n of_o what_o 18._o what_o speed_z l._n 7._o c._n 18._o mr._n speed_n deliver_v out_o of_o william_n of_o malmesbury_n william_n thorn_n and_o the_o register_n of_o canterbury_n and_o have_v relation_n to_o the_o
whereas_o there_o be_v no_o more_o in_o it_o than_o the_o plain_a acquisition_n or_o get_v of_o this_o realm_n of_o england_n after_o his_o pretence_n from_o king_n edward_n the_o confessor_n be_v make_v know_v as_o in_o the_o follow_a tract_n appear_v by_o the_o constraint_n and_o force_n that_o harald_n put_v he_o unto_o to_o get_v his_o settlement_n by_o battle_n with_o he_o which_o word_n of_o conquest_n be_v to_o this_o day_n familiar_o use_v in_o scotland_n to_o signify_v land_n purchase_v and_o mr._n john_n skene_n say_v upon_o the_o word_n that_o conquestus_fw-la signify_v land_n quhilk_n any_o person_n acquiris_fw-la &_o possessis_fw-la privato_fw-la jure_fw-la vel_fw-la singulari_fw-la titulo_fw-la velâ—ti_fw-la donatione_fw-la vel_fw-la singulari_fw-la aliquo_fw-la contractu_fw-la quhilk_n be_v conform_v to_o the_o civil_a law_n ubi_fw-la quae_fw-la stus_fw-la dicitur_fw-la lucrum_fw-la quod_fw-la ex_fw-la emptione_n venditione_n locatione_fw-la conductione_n vel_fw-la generaliter_fw-la ex_fw-la opera_fw-la cu_z jus_o descendit_fw-la l._n coiri_fw-la 7._o cum_fw-la seq_fw-la ff_n pro_fw-la socio_fw-la and_o further_o write_v of_o land_n so_o purchase_v conclude_v conquestus_fw-la dicitur_fw-la ratione_fw-la primi_fw-la conquestoris_fw-la &_o cum_fw-la transmittitur_fw-la ad_fw-la ejus_fw-la haeredem_fw-la exuit_fw-la naturam_fw-la conquestus_fw-la &_o induit_fw-la naturam_fw-la haereditatis_fw-la norman_a conquest_n concern_v which_o also_o we_o have_v so_o great_a a_o plenty_n of_o writer_n that_o they_o almost_o extinguish_v the_o truth_n with_o their_o comment_n and_o conceit_n all_o the_o alteration_n imaginable_a be_v father_v upon_o this_o revolution_n and_o sum_v up_o by_o mr._n samuel_n daniel_n in_o these_o word_n i_o come_v to_o write_v of_o a_o time_n mean_v this_o norman_a affair_n wherein_o the_o state_n of_o england_n receive_v a_o alteration_n of_o law_n custom_n fashion_n manner_n of_o live_v language_n write_v with_o new_a form_n of_o fight_v fortification_n building_n and_o general_o a_o innovation_n in_o most_o thing_n but_o religion_n i_o make_v choice_n of_o this_o paragraph_n of_o so_o elegant_a a_o author_n as_o mr._n daniel_n who_o have_v deserve_v very_o well_o from_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o learning_n for_o his_o ingenuous_a observation_n to_o examine_v the_o particular_n of_o this_o great_a mutation_n so_o general_o imagine_v which_o enumeration_n will_v also_o afford_v we_o the_o method_n of_o our_o discourse_n concern_v that_o which_o happen_v to_o the_o english_a at_o that_o time_n and_o first_o of_o all_o concern_v the_o alteration_n of_o our_o law_n which_o be_v the_o principal_a matter_n of_o our_o enquiry_n of_o which_o among_o many_o mr._n camden_n himself_o have_v thus_o write_v victor_n gulielmus_fw-la in_o victoriae_fw-la quasi_fw-la trophaeum_fw-la antiquatis_fw-la pro_fw-la maximâ_fw-la parte_fw-la anglorum_fw-la legibus_fw-la normanniae_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la induxit_fw-la causasque_fw-la gallicè_fw-la disceptari_fw-la jussit_fw-la yet_o present_o add_v propositis_fw-la igitur_fw-la legibus_fw-la anglicanis_fw-la merchenlage_n danelage_n &_o westsaxenlage_n quasdam_fw-la reprobavit_fw-la quasdam_fw-la autem_fw-la approbans_fw-la transmarinas_fw-la neustriae_fw-la leges_fw-la quae_fw-la ad_fw-la regni_fw-la pacem_fw-la tuendam_fw-la efficacissimae_fw-la videbantur_fw-la adjecit_fw-la but_o to_o evince_v this_o let_v we_o have_v recourse_n as_o near_o as_o we_o can_v to_o the_o author_n that_o be_v of_o that_o age_n and_o serious_o weigh_v what_o they_o deliver_v unto_o we_o concern_v this_o matter_n mr._n selden_n our_o of_o the_o litchfield_n chronicle_n cite_v also_o by_o my_o very_o much_o honour_a friend_n and_o incourager_n sir_n roger_n twysden_n introduce_v these_o word_n anno_fw-la gulielmus_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la quarto_fw-la apud_fw-la londonias_fw-la consilio_fw-la baronum_fw-la suorum_fw-la fecit_fw-la summoniri_fw-la per_fw-la universos_fw-la angliae_fw-la comitatus_fw-la omnes_fw-la nobiles_fw-la sapientes_fw-la &_o sva_fw-la lege_fw-la eruditos_fw-la ut_fw-la eorum_fw-la leges_fw-la &_o consuetudines_fw-la audiret_fw-la et_fw-la licet_fw-la idem_fw-la rex_fw-la willielmus_fw-la leges_fw-la northfolktae_fw-la &_o suffolkiae_fw-la grantbrigiae_fw-la &_o deirae_n ubi_fw-la quondam_a maxima_fw-la pars_fw-la danorum_fw-la &_o norwegiensium_fw-la inhabitabant_fw-la prius_fw-la magis_fw-la approbaverat_fw-la &_o eas_fw-la per_fw-la totum_fw-la regnum_fw-la observari_fw-la praeceperat_fw-la pro_fw-la eo_fw-la quod_fw-la omnes_fw-la antecessores_fw-la ejâ—s_fw-la &_o fere_n omnes_fw-la barones_n normanniae_fw-la norwegenses_n extitissent_fw-la &_o quod_fw-la de_fw-la norwegia_fw-la olim_fw-la venissent_fw-la sed_fw-la postea_fw-la ad_fw-la preces_fw-la communitatis_fw-la anglorum_fw-la rex_fw-la adquievit_fw-la qui_fw-la deprecati_fw-la sunt_fw-la quatenus_fw-la permitteret_fw-la sibi_fw-la leges_fw-la proprias_fw-la &_o consuetudines_fw-la antiquas_fw-la habere_fw-la in_fw-la quibus_fw-la vixerant_fw-la patres_fw-la eorum_fw-la &_o ipsi_fw-la in_o eye_n nati_fw-la &_o nutriti_fw-la sunt_fw-la scilicet_fw-la leges_fw-la sancti_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la &_o ex_fw-la illo_fw-la die_fw-la magna_fw-la authoritate_fw-la veneratae_fw-la &_o per_fw-la universum_fw-la regnum_fw-la corroboratae_fw-la &_o conservatae_fw-la sunt_fw-la praecaeteris_fw-la regni_fw-la legibus_fw-la leges_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la unde_fw-la per_fw-la praeceptum_fw-la regis_fw-la willielmi_n electi_fw-la sunt_fw-la de_fw-la singulis_fw-la totius_fw-la angliae_fw-la comitatibus_fw-la duodecim_fw-la viri_fw-la sapientiores_fw-la quibus_fw-la jurejurando_fw-la injunctum_fw-la fuit_fw-la coram_fw-la rege_fw-la willielmo_n ut_fw-la quoad_fw-la possent_fw-la recto_fw-la tramite_fw-la neque_fw-la ad_fw-la dexteram_fw-la neque_fw-la ad_fw-la sinistram_fw-la declinantes_fw-la legum_fw-la suarum_fw-la &_o consuetu_fw-la inum_fw-la sancita_fw-la patefacerent_fw-la nil_fw-la praetermittentes_fw-la nil_fw-la addentes_fw-la nil_fw-la praevaricando_fw-la mutantes_fw-la alderedus_fw-la autem_fw-la eboracensis_fw-la episcopus_fw-la &_o hugo_n londoniensis_fw-la episcopus_fw-la per_fw-la praeceptum_fw-la regis_fw-la scripserunt_fw-la propriis_fw-la manibus_fw-la omne_fw-la quae_fw-la praedicti_fw-la jurati_fw-la dixerunt_fw-la etc._n etc._n ingulphus_n crolandensis_n also_o who_o be_v chaplain_n to_o this_o king_n william_n and_o be_v himself_o somewhat_o concern_v in_o this_o affair_n and_o so_o the_o more_o to_o be_v believe_v as_o a_o agent_n write_v a_o little_a more_o plain_o than_o the_o last_o do_v thus_o attuli_fw-la say_v he_o eadem_fw-la vice_fw-la mecum_fw-la lundoniis_fw-la in_o meum_fw-la monasterium_fw-la leges_fw-la aequissimi_fw-la regis_fw-la ewardi_fw-la quas_fw-la dominus_fw-la meus_fw-la inclytus_fw-la rex_fw-la willielmus_fw-la autenticas_fw-la esse_fw-la &_o perpetuas_fw-la per_fw-la totum_fw-la regnum_fw-la angliae_fw-la inviolabilitérque_fw-la tenendas_fw-la sub_fw-la poenis_fw-la gravissimis_fw-la proclamarat_fw-la &_o suis_fw-la justiciariis_fw-la commendârat_fw-la eodem_fw-la idiomate_fw-la quo_fw-la editae_fw-la sunt_fw-la ne_fw-la per_fw-la ignorantiam_fw-la contingat_fw-la nos_fw-la vel_fw-la nostros_fw-la aliquando_fw-la in_fw-la nostrum_fw-la grave_n periculum_fw-la contraire_fw-fr &_o offendere_fw-la ausu_fw-la temerario_fw-la regiam_fw-la majestatem_fw-la ac_fw-la in_o ejus_fw-la censuras_fw-la rigidissimas_fw-la improvidum_fw-la pedem_fw-la far_o contentas_fw-la saepius_fw-la in_o eisdem_fw-la hoc_fw-la modo_fw-la and_o the_o title_n of_o those_o law_n be_v this_o ces_n sont_fw-fr les_fw-fr leis_fw-la &_o les_fw-fr custumes_n que_fw-fr li_n reis_n william_n grantut_o à _fw-fr tut_o le_fw-fr peuple_fw-fr de_fw-fr engleterre_fw-fr apres_fw-fr le_fw-fr conquest_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr terre_fw-fr iceles_n meisme_n que_fw-fr le_fw-fr reis_n edward_n sun_n cousin_n tint_v devant_fw-fr lui_fw-fr which_o be_v in_o english_a these_o be_v the_o law_n and_o custom_n which_o king_n william_n grant_v to_o all_o the_o people_n of_o england_n after_o the_o conquest_n of_o the_o land_n and_o be_v the_o same_o which_o king_n edward_n his_o cousin_n do_v hold_v before_o he_o and_o the_o like_a account_n give_v by_o the_o litchfield_n chronicle_n be_v find_v in_o the_o law_n of_o king_n edward_n which_o though_o from_o he_o receive_v the_o denomination_n yet_o probable_o be_v transcript_n of_o a_o date_n since_o the_o norman_a conquest_n for_o that_o in_o they_o be_v find_v a_o express_a of_o the_o norman_a settlement_n of_o they_o in_o which_o be_v also_o a_o account_n of_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o rate_n of_o mulcâ—s_n betwixt_o the_o saxon_n and_o dane_n or_o norwegian_n and_o because_o of_o the_o â—â—ar_a relation_n the_o norman_n have_v to_o the_o dane_n it_o be_v say_v that_o king_n william_n make_v choice_n of_o those_o law_n and_o will_v have_v have_v they_o put_v in_o execution_n as_o the_o law_n of_o england_n quip_n cum_fw-la aliarum_fw-la legibus_fw-la nationum_fw-la brytonum_fw-la scilicet_fw-la anglorum_fw-la pictorum_fw-la &_o scotorum_fw-la praeponderassent_fw-la he_o praise_v and_o like_v of_o this_o danelaege_a best_o only_o this_o observe_v if_o it_o be_v worth_a take_v notice_n of_o that_o not_o only_o the_o british_a law_n come_v into_o the_o account_n but_o also_o they_o be_v set_v in_o the_o first_o place_n but_o king_n william_n desigment_n have_v this_o effect_n and_o issue_n for_o take_v that_o resolution_n it_o be_v say_v quo_fw-la audito_fw-la mox_fw-la universi_fw-la compatriotae_fw-la regni_fw-la qui_fw-la leges_fw-la edixerant_fw-la tristes_fw-la effecti_fw-la unanimiter_fw-la deprecati_fw-la sunt_fw-la quatenus_fw-la permitteret_fw-la sibi_fw-la leges_fw-la proprias_fw-la &_o consuetudines_fw-la antiquas_fw-la habere_fw-la in_o quibus_fw-la vix_fw-la runt_n patres_fw-la eorum_fw-la &_o ipsi_fw-la in_o eye_n nati_fw-la &_o nutriti_fw-la sunt_fw-la
three_o particular_a say_v at_o that_o time_n to_o be_v much_o alter_v and_o that_o be_v our_o fashion_n of_o which_o i_o can_v say_v much_o and_o less_o if_o i_o be_v to_o speak_v of_o our_o fashion_n now_o a_o day_n consider_v how_o much_o we_o be_v become_v the_o frenchman_n ape_n but_o yet_o i_o know_v not_o whether_o a_o serious_a observer_n can_v find_v by_o any_o probable_a record_n or_o by_o the_o observation_n of_o ancient_a monument_n any_o such_o alteration_n of_o fashion_n as_o be_v here_o affirm_v the_o same_o manner_n and_o form_n describe_v to_o be_v then_o in_o use_n continue_v many_o year_n after_o if_o any_o thing_n may_v be_v collect_v from_o those_o habit_n express_v in_o the_o monumental_a effigy_n of_o several_a person_n of_o those_o age_n another_o alteration_n say_v to_o have_v happen_v be_v of_o our_o language_n concern_v which_o mr._n daniel_n have_v not_o without_o need_n make_v a_o retractation_n and_o say_v that_o the_o body_n of_o our_o language_n remain_v in_o the_o saxon_a yet_o it_o come_v so_o alter_v in_o the_o habit_n of_o the_o french_a tongue_n as_o now_o we_o hardly_o know_v it_o in_o the_o ancient_a form_n it_o have_v and_o not_o so_o much_o as_o the_o character_n wherein_o it_o be_v write_v but_o be_v alter_v to_o that_o of_o the_o roman_a and_o french_a now_o use_v i_o know_v not_o what_o habit_n he_o mean_v but_o this_o i_o can_v affirm_v that_o our_o language_n have_v in_o it_o little_a of_o the_o french_a from_o the_o norman_a conquest_n but_o continue_v as_o the_o norman_n find_v it_o abate_v only_o such_o change_n and_o refinement_n as_o language_n receive_v in_o the_o like_a space_n of_o time_n there_o be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v so_o much_o in_o the_o english_a as_o the_o very_a french_a itself_o from_o its_o self_n without_o any_o such_o violent_a impression_n as_o this_o conquest_n may_v seem_v to_o enforce_v and_o i_o will_v desire_v of_o any_o one_o that_o have_v observe_v the_o gradual_a decay_n of_o our_o primitive_a english_a or_o saxon_a what_o remarkable_a difference_n in_o any_o thing_n considerable_a there_o be_v to_o be_v find_v betwixt_o that_o of_o edward_n the_o confessour_n time_n and_o that_o in_o which_o chaucer_n wroten_a as_o also_o how_o at_o this_o day_n the_o saxon_a idiom_n be_v yet_o retain_v among_o the_o commonalty_n in_o many_o county_n of_o england_n understand_v it_o more_o especial_o to_o have_v relation_n to_o such_o place_n that_o be_v most_o northern_a and_o further_o distant_a from_o london_n a_o city_n of_o great_a foreign_a commerce_n and_o the_o usual_a residence_n of_o the_o english_a court_n for_o many_o hundred_o year_n for_o it_o be_v plain_a to_o i_o that_o the_o present_a scotish_n have_v very_o little_o recede_v or_o alter_v from_o the_o english_a or_o saxon_a ancient_o use_v and_o by_o compare_v of_o the_o writer_n of_o several_a century_n together_o the_o refine_n of_o the_o english_a tongue_n have_v not_o be_v considerable_a from_o age_n to_o age_n till_o within_o these_o last_o hundred_o year_n so_o that_o at_o this_o instant_n i_o can_v perceive_v into_o what_o habit_n of_o the_o french_a tongue_n it_o be_v alter_v nevertheless_o i_o be_o not_o ignorant_a how_o that_o in_o those_o first_o norman_n time_n there_o want_v not_o those_o of_o the_o english_a who_o by_o their_o adulation_n and_o sycophantize_v earnest_o labour_v to_o get_v themselves_o into_o some_o repute_n of_o who_o that_o age_n take_v so_o great_a notice_n that_o in_o great_a scorn_n they_o reprove_v and_o reflect_v upon_o they_o by_o that_o common_a ironical_a proverb_n jack_n will_v be_v a_o gentleman_n can_v he_o but_o speak_v french_a and_o as_o for_o the_o character_n say_v to_o be_v change_v i_o have_v see_v charter_n of_o saxon_n firm_v both_o by_o william_n the_o conqueror_n and_o after_o his_o reign_n by_o his_o son_n henry_n surname_v beauclerk_n all_o write_v in_o the_o saxon_a letter_n that_o character_n be_v yet_o retain_v in_o all_o such_o escript_n that_o concern_v our_o law_n and_o be_v call_v by_o the_o denomination_n of_o court-hand_n and_o again_o in_o some_o very_a ancient_a transcript_n and_o sermon_n of_o saxon_a write_v before_o the_o conquest_n in_o their_o own_o character_n the_o latin_a therein_o cite_v do_v relinquish_v the_o saxon_a letter_n and_o do_v espouse_v the_o old_a roman_a character_n i_o urge_v this_o the_o rather_o to_o show_v that_o these_o alteration_n be_v not_o proper_o to_o be_v fix_v as_o a_o effect_n of_o the_o norman_a conquest_n and_o that_o writer_n run_v much_o upon_o hyperbolical_a expression_n have_v lay_v more_o upon_o this_o revolution_n than_o it_o be_v true_o guilty_a of_o to_o what_o mr._n daniel_n write_v that_o by_o this_o conquest_n we_o receive_v new_a form_n of_o fight_v fortification_n building_n and_o conclude_v general_o a_o innovation_n in_o most_o thing_n but_o religion_n for_o this_o last_o particle_n that_o be_v of_o so_o great_a extent_n i_o have_v say_v enough_o already_o to_o show_v my_o diffent_n to_o his_o opinion_n and_o it_o be_v so_o large_a in_o the_o affirmative_a i_o dare_v not_o enter_v into_o the_o discourse_n of_o it_o for_o dolus_fw-la latet_fw-la in_o universalibus_fw-la and_o it_o will_v take_v up_o too_o much_o time_n but_o to_o return_v to_o these_o three_o first_o particular_n now_o ennumerate_v i_o say_v that_o probable_o in_o they_o there_o may_v be_v some_o alteration_n for_o i_o will_v not_o be_v think_v so_o opiniative_a to_o believe_v the_o english_a be_v so_o tenacious_a of_o their_o own_o form_n and_o mode_n as_o not_o to_o relinquish_v they_o for_o better_a they_o take_v up_o afterward_o new_a form_n of_o fight_n and_o come_v not_o short_a of_o the_o norman_n either_o in_o valour_n or_o renown_n in_o the_o use_n thereof_o but_o to_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o form_n use_v by_o the_o norman_n and_o saxon_n i_o leave_v the_o reader_n to_o the_o description_n of_o that_o most_o remarkable_a battle_n betwixt_o william_n the_o conqueror_n and_o earl_n harold_n as_o it_o be_v set_v down_o by_o many_o historian_n by_o which_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o there_o be_v much_o difference_n in_o the_o management_n and_o use_v of_o offensitive_a arm_n but_o the_o english_a present_o by_o their_o industry_n in_o the_o practic_a part_n of_o arm_n come_v to_o be_v not_o only_o famous_a but_o also_o terrible_a to_o their_o neighbour_n by_o their_o dexterity_n and_o valour_n neither_o will_v i_o dispute_v their_o fortification_n yet_o the_o roman_n leave_v the_o britain_n excellent_a notion_n thereof_o which_o afterward_o come_v into_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o english_a and_o be_v not_o at_o all_o short_a of_o any_o the_o norman_n can_v pretend_v to_o be_v author_n of_o consider_v the_o discipline_n and_o arm_n of_o ancient_a time_n yet_o true_a it_o be_v that_o the_o english_a at_o this_o time_n be_v by_o case_n and_o softness_n almost_o reduce_v to_o that_o effeminateness_n notwithstanding_o their_o danish_a turmoil_n that_o like_o as_o the_o britain_n make_v use_n of_o they_o and_o their_o ancestor_n against_o the_o pict_n so_o now_o these_o saxon_n make_v use_n of_o the_o norman_n against_o the_o britain_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o their_o welsh_a border_n of_o who_o a_o considerable_a party_n lie_v in_o garrison_n in_o hereford_n and_o be_v after_z william_n the_o conqueror_n have_v be_v here_o above_o a_o year_n hard_o put_v to_o it_o under_o the_o government_n of_o scrâp_n as_o he_o be_v name_v in_o domesdey_n by_o edricus_n silvaticus_n or_o savage_a lord_n of_o wigmore_n who_o at_o last_o be_v take_v by_o radulfe_n de_fw-fr mortuomari_n his_o land_n be_v by_o the_o king_n for_o this_o great_a service_n bestow_v upon_o the_o say_v radulfe_n these_o norman_n which_o i_o suppose_v be_v introduce_v by_o edward_n the_o confessor_n the_o conqueror_n take_v care_n of_o in_o a_o provisional_n law_n which_o carry_v this_o title_n before_o it_o de_fw-fr jure_fw-la normannorum_fw-la qui_fw-la ante_fw-la adventum_fw-la guilielmi_n cives_fw-la fuerant_fw-la anglicani_n where_o in_o the_o body_n thereof_o it_o be_v that_o omnis_fw-la francigena_n qui_fw-la tempore_fw-la edwardi_fw-la propinqui_fw-la nostri_fw-la fuit_fw-la in_o anglia_fw-it particeps_fw-la consuetudinum_fw-la anglorum_fw-la quod_fw-la ipsi_fw-la dicunt_fw-la anhlote_n &_o anscote_n i.e._n scot_n and_o lot_n as_o we_o call_v it_o persolvat_fw-la secundùm_fw-la legem_fw-la anglorum_fw-la but_o this_o be_v not_o altogether_o so_o strange_a if_o we_o consider_v the_o warlike_a disposition_n of_o the_o norman_n in_o that_o age_n in_o continual_a turmoil_n with_o the_o french_a and_o the_o relation_n king_n edward_n have_v to_o normandy_n their_o fortification_n be_v not_o of_o any_o great_a variety_n delight_n judge_v dodaridge_n in_o his_o treatise_n of_o nobllity_n p._n 118._o write_v of_o knight_n their_o dispose_n of_o their_o estate_n in_o those_o elder_a time_n say_v for_o they_o do_v thus_o
name_v lloigria_n or_o lloiger_n now_o difference_v from_o the_o other_o part_n by_o the_o name_n of_o england_n saison_n that_o be_v to_o say_v saxon_n who_o together_o with_o the_o jute_n a_o three_o sort_n of_o provincial_n that_o assist_v in_o the_o conquest_n of_o this_o part_n of_o brytanny_n be_v now_o under_o the_o single_a title_n of_o englishman_n these_o twmri_n also_o call_v the_o speech_n general_o speak_v in_o england_n saisnaeg_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o saxon_a tongue_n somewhat_o doubtless_o there_o be_v of_o extraordinary_a reason_n in_o these_o name_n of_o distinction_n and_o difference_n of_o cambria_n loigria_n and_o albania_n in_o case_n we_o can_v recover_v it_o but_o i_o be_o afraid_a the_o truth_n in_o this_o point_n be_v lose_v for_o the_o denomination_n of_o place_n from_o the_o name_n of_o man_n as_o it_o be_v a_o old_a and_o fond_a conceit_n so_o i_o think_v it_o a_o ill_a one_o enquiry_n one_o as_o itis_fw-la remark_v by_o sir_n j._n b._n and_o may_v be_v worth_a the_o enquiry_n and_o for_o my_o part_n i_o have_v rather_o believe_v that_o brytannia_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o greek_a word_n bryton_n which_o signify_v vinum_fw-la hordeaceum_fw-la that_o british_a ale_n a_o drink_n how_o con-natural_a and_o ancient_o peculiar_a to_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o island_n will_v be_v now_o needless_a to_o discourse_n than_o that_o london_n be_v the_o refine_a issue_n of_o ludstown_n or_o england_n of_o hengists-land_n or_o scotland_n from_o one_o captain_n scoto_n but_o this_o ancient_a triplicite_a division_n whether_o the_o effect_n of_o brutus_n partition_n or_o no_o i_o will_v not_o maintain_v yet_o it_o be_v record_v by_o the_o same_o pen_n as_o give_v we_o our_o history_n of_o trojanism_n and_o may_v serve_v very_o well_o in_o answer_n to_o mr._n s_n jocular_a question_n since_o his_o question_n be_v a_o question_n take_v for_o grant_v neither_o will_v i_o aver_v or_o much_o insist_v upon_o that_o action_n of_o constantine_n the_o great_a who_o being_n brytain_n and_o so_o probable_o experience_v in_o the_o british_a custom_n that_o he_o upon_o this_o ground_n or_o custom_n of_o partition_n use_v among_o the_o britain_n his_o countryman_n do_v divide_v the_o then_o entire_a roman_a empire_n between_o his_o two_o son_n by_o he_o i_o say_v this_o division_n and_o partition_n be_v make_v be_v the_o reason_n or_o ground_n of_o it_o what_o they_o will_v and_o upon_o this_o division_n be_v difference_v and_o distinguish_v by_o the_o appellation_n of_o the_o eastern_a and_o western_a empire_n which_o afterward_o again_o return_v into_o a_o single_a person_n come_v to_o theodosius_n who_o 1._o who_o procop._n belgiosa_n vandalic_a l._n 1._o c._n 1._o procopius_n call_v a_o most_o just_a prince_n and_o a_o great_a soldier_n he_o have_v two_o son_n who_o after_o his_o death_n succeed_v in_o the_o empire_n arcadius_n the_o elder_a in_o the_o eastern_a and_o honorius_n in_o the_o western_a empire_n which_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v do_v according_a to_o the_o former_a division_n viz._n that_o which_o the_o emperor_n constantine_n have_v make_v so_o that_o the_o use_n or_o custom_n of_o partition_n in_o empire_n as_o well_o as_o in_o private_a man_n land_n be_v of_o great_a antiquity_n i_o proceed_v now_o to_o show_v that_o there_o be_v chap._n vi_o gavelkind_a in_o other_o place_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n beside_o kent_n in_o the_o principality_n of_o wales_n gavel_n use_v in_o denomination_n of_o place_n how_o use_v among_o the_o welsh_a of_o the_o word_n llan_n of_o the_o norman_n invasion_n of_o the_o territory_n of_o wales_n the_o use_n of_o gavell_n in_o the_o division_n of_o that_o territory_n and_o exposition_n thereof_o in_o the_o welsh_a vocabulary_a mr._n s._n be_v much_o give_v to_o think_v that_o this_o tenure_n of_o gavelkind_n be_v a_o singular_a appurtenance_n to_o the_o county_n of_o kent_n for_o in_o the_o first_o page_n of_o his_o book_n as_o the_o theme_n of_o his_o discourse_n he_o lay_v down_o this_o position_n that_o gavelkind_n be_v a_o property_n of_o that_o eminent_a singularity_n in_o the_o kentishman_n possession_n so_o general_o in_o a_o manner_n from_o great_a antiquity_n overspreading_a that_o county_n as_o england_z this_o day_n can_v show_v her_o fellow_n in_o that_o particular_a and_o in_o his_o 54_o page_n for_o other_o countryman_n communicate_v with_o we_o of_o kent_n in_o the_o tenure_n i_o conceive_v say_v he_o it_o first_o come_v up_o by_o imitation_n of_o our_o example_n in_o ireland_n especial_o and_o among_o the_o welsh-man_n in_o who_o vocabulary_a or_o dictionary_n the_o word_n be_v seek_v in_o vain_a as_o it_o be_v also_o in_o that_o old_a statute_n which_o concern_v they_o viz._n statutum_n walliae_fw-la to_o evince_v this_o beside_o the_o knowledge_n of_o several_a other_o place_n in_o england_n that_o have_v this_o tenure_n eminent_o unto_o this_o day_n somewhat_o that_o mr._n s._n himself_o do_v confess_v in_o his_o tract_n will_v help_v to_o clear_v the_o contrary_a as_o in_o particular_a where_o he_o testify_v pag._n 48._o that_o socage_n land_n in_o general_n and_o by_o the_o nature_n of_o it_o be_v capable_a of_o partition_n and_o by_o custom_n may_v be_v and_o in_o many_o place_n extra_fw-la cantium_n be_v partible_a now_o so_o it_o be_v that_o there_o be_v no_o county_n in_o england_n but_o have_v land_n hold_v in_o socage_n tenure_n and_o upon_o that_o reason_n be_v capable_a of_o partition_n but_o more_o especial_o in_o wales_n where_o the_o word_n be_v in_o use_n among_o they_o and_o more_o to_o a_o just_a and_o proper_a signification_n than_o in_o any_o other_o place_n or_o by_o any_o other_o language_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v anon_o but_o mr._n s._n from_o its_o very_a denomination_n under_o the_o notion_n of_o it_o i_o mean_v will_v persuade_v we_o to_o a_o belief_n of_o its_o singularity_n in_o kent_n which_o i_o can_v admit_v for_o notwithstanding_o he_o have_v not_o find_v any_o land_n in_o any_o other_o place_n to_o pass_v under_o that_o denomination_n because_o say_v he_o the_o land_n in_o any_o deed_n or_o conveyance_n have_v not_o any_o appellation_n of_o gavelkind_n yet_o i_o say_v use_v and_o custom_n have_v still_o inviolable_o retain_v it_o and_o the_o manner_n of_o its_o partition_n be_v in_o several_a place_n know_v under_o the_o very_a title_n of_o gavelkind_n there_o be_v name_n of_o place_n that_o be_v compound_v of_o the_o word_n in_o controversy_n only_o to_o be_v find_v among_o the_o welsh_a the_o ancient_a proprietor_n of_o this_o land_n from_o who_o language_n i_o shall_v make_v it_o my_o design_n to_o derive_v its_o origine_fw-la and_o shall_v begin_v with_o this_o part_n first_o because_o very_o much_o of_o certainty_n in_o antiquity_n be_v to_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o retain_v name_n of_o place_n which_o if_o serious_o remark_v will_v afford_v we_o a_o great_a light_n to_o history_n there_o be_v a_o village_n or_o parish_n in_o monmuthshire_n that_o adjoin_v to_o the_o territory_n of_o urchinfield_n in_o the_o county_n of_o hereford_n call_v to_o this_o day_n llangattok_v feibon_n afel_fw-mi which_o if_o any_o one_o attempt_n to_o read_v to_o a_o welshman_n let_v he_o be_v sure_a to_o pronounce_v the_o single_a f_o like_v a_o v._o consonant_n and_o then_o to_o be_v read_v by_o this_o power_n chlangattok_v vybon_n avel_v but_o the_o common_a denomination_n thereof_o without_o the_o variation_n proper_a to_o the_o welsh_a tongue_n be_v llangattok_v gafael_a meibon_n llan_n or_o as_o it_o be_v render_v by_o our_o english_a writer_n to_o express_v the_o idiomatism_n of_o the_o british_a lhan_n and_o chlan_n signify_v a_o religious_a dedication_n or_o locus_fw-la sacer_fw-la and_o doctor_n davies_n in_o his_o cambro-british_a dictionary_n upon_o the_o same_o word_n say_v that_o vulgò_fw-la sumitur_fw-la pro_fw-la fano_fw-la templo_fw-la sed_fw-la potius_fw-la existimo_fw-la he_o add_v significare_fw-la coemeterium_fw-la vel_fw-la aream_fw-la templi_fw-la let_v it_o be_v either_o church_n or_o church-yard_n it_o do_v intimate_v a_o religious_a dedication_n and_o notwithstanding_o there_o be_v at_o this_o day_n many_o place_n that_o have_v the_o praefix_v of_o llan_n unto_o they_o where_o no_o church_n be_v to_o be_v find_v yet_o if_o search_v into_o and_o trace_v to_o their_o foundation_n will_v discover_v some_o such_o appropriation_n and_o intendment_n so_o i_o find_v in_o the_o forem_fw-la ntion_v region_n of_o urchenfield_n a_o certain_a parish_n call_v hen-ilan_a common_o hentland_n which_o in_o the_o english_a tongue_n signify_v the_o old-church_n and_o in_o certain_a pasture_n belong_v to_o a_o farm_n in_o that_o parish_n there_o be_v a_o place_n which_o to_o this_o day_n be_v call_v llanfrawtwr_n which_o be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v the_o church_n or_o convent_n of_o the_o brethren_n the_o site_n whereof_o be_v upon_o a_o small_a hill_n not_o half_o a_o mile_n distant_a
of_o the_o elder_a son_n alone_o partly_o for_o his_o own_o and_o the_o realm_n better_a defence_n and_o strengthen_n and_o partly_o for_o the_o uphold_v and_o maintenance_n of_o gentile_a family_n which_o if_o true_a than_o it_o be_v that_o primogeniture_n be_v first_o set_v into_o a_o peculiar_a esteem_n and_o account_n and_o this_o a_o innovation_n of_o the_o norman_a conqueror_n and_o our_o gavelkind_n probable_o the_o general_n use_v before_o but_o in_o this_o case_n we_o have_v best_o use_v moderation_n and_o admit_v that_o neither_o the_o one_o nor_o the_o other_o have_v in_o those_o time_n the_o sole_a pre-eminence_n and_o singularity_n but_o as_o there_o be_v divers_a use_n in_o forfeiture_n under_o west-saxen_a laege_n danelaege_a and_o merchenlaege_a so_o i_o believe_v that_o there_o be_v then_o several_a custom_n and_o usage_n as_o to_o the_o descend_v of_o inheritance_n all_o of_o which_o may_v with_o small_a courtesy_n be_v allow_v to_o be_v according_a both_o to_o law_n and_o custom_n for_o sir_n edward_n coke_n upon_o littleton_n in_o the_o place_n thereupon_o cite_v by_o mr._n s._n to_o confirm_v his_o assumption_n say_v qui_fw-la prio_fw-la est_fw-la tempore_fw-la potior_fw-la est_fw-la jure_fw-la and_o affirm_v that_o in_o king_n alfred_n time_n knight_n fee_n descend_v to_o the_o elder_a son_n and_o give_v this_o as_o the_o reason_n for_o that_o by_o division_n of_o such_o fee_n between_o male_n the_o defence_n of_o the_o realm_n may_v be_v weaken_v but_o in_o those_o day_n soccage-fee_n be_v divide_v between_o the_o heir_n males_n and_o here_o sir_n edward_n coke_n be_v of_o the_o opinion_n that_o it_o be_v the_o general_a custom_n of_o all_o england_n and_o so_o continue_v till_o by_o fraction_n it_o shall_v seem_v that_o the_o military_a settlement_n be_v infringe_v and_o to_o strengthen_v this_o opinion_n he_o introduce_v glanvill_n of_o which_o word_n mr._n s._n have_v also_o make_v use_n in_o his_o book_n and_o be_v thus_o cum_fw-la quis_fw-la haereditatem_fw-la babens_fw-la moriatur_fw-la etc._n etc._n si_fw-la plures_fw-la reliquerit_fw-la filiosâ—_n tunc_fw-la distinguitur_fw-la coke_n distinguitur_fw-la judge_v dodaridge_n in_o his_o treatise_n of_o nobility_n p._n 119._o say_v it_o be_v ancient_o ordain_v that_o all_o knight_n fee_n shall_v come_v unto_o the_o elder_a son_n by_o succession_n of_o heritage_n whereby_o he_o succeed_v his_o ancestor_n in_o his_o whole_a inheritance_n may_v be_v the_o better_o enable_v to_o maintain_v the_o war_n against_o the_o king_n enemy_n or_o his_o lord_n and_o that_o the_o soccage_n fee_n shall_v be_v partible_a among_o the_o male_a child_n to_o enable_v they_o to_o increase_v into_o many_o family_n for_o the_o better_a furtherance_n in_o and_o increase_v of_o husbandry_n haec_fw-la ex_fw-la sr._n i._o coke_n utrum_fw-la ille_fw-la fuerit_fw-la mile_n sive_fw-la per_fw-la feodum_fw-la militare_fw-la tenens_fw-la aut_fw-la libre_fw-la sockmannus_n quia_fw-la si_fw-la mile_n fuerit_fw-la aut_fw-la per_fw-la militiam_fw-la tenens_fw-la tunc_fw-la secundùm_fw-la jus_o regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la primogenitus_fw-la filius_fw-la patri_fw-la succedit_fw-la in_o toto_fw-la etc._n etc._n si_fw-mi verò_fw-la fuerit_fw-la libre_fw-la sockmannus_n tunc_fw-la quidem_fw-la dividetur_fw-la haereditas_fw-la inter_fw-la omnes_fw-la filios_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o last_o part_n of_o this_o paragraph_n have_v reference_n to_o secundùm_fw-la jus_o regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la as_o well_o as_o the_o first_o and_o this_o partition_n seem_v general_o diffuse_v as_o if_o all_o england_n have_v a_o propriety_n therein_o and_o out_o of_o fortescue_n he_o add_v haereditas_fw-la inter_fw-la masculos_fw-la jure_fw-la civili_fw-la est_fw-la dividenda_fw-la this_o relation_n it_o have_v to_o the_o civil_a law_n as_o it_o show_v its_o universality_n so_o also_o its_o antiquity_n and_o notwithstanding_o this_o may_v be_v think_v not_o much_o to_o the_o purpose_n yet_o something_o that_o be_v not_o much_o from_o it_o may_v be_v from_o hence_o observe_v and_o collect_v as_o much_o certain_o as_o sir_n edward_n coke_n show_v in_o his_o chapter_n of_o villeinage_n upon_o littleton_n concern_v a_o sort_n of_o gavelkynd_n in_o the_o bear_n of_o arm_n for_o they_o say_v he_o descend_v to_o all_o the_o son_n every_o son_n be_v a_o gentleman_n alike_o which_o gentry_n and_o arm_n do_v not_o only_o descend_v to_o all_o the_o brethren_n but_o also_o to_o all_o their_o posterity_n but_o jure_fw-la primogeniturae_fw-la the_o elder_a shall_v bear_v as_o a_o badge_n of_o his_o birthright_n his_o father_n arm_n without_o any_o difference_n for_o that_o as_o littleton_n say_v sectione_n he_o be_v the_o more_o worthy_a of_o blood_n but_o all_o the_o young_a brethren_n shall_v give_v several_a difference_n &_o additio_fw-la probat_fw-la minoritatem_fw-la i_o have_v only_o this_o to_o observe_v though_o i_o believe_v it_o not_o unknown_a to_o any_o one_o that_o know_v any_o thing_n of_o tenor_n yet_o perchance_o it_o may_v not_o be_v un-necessary_a to_o make_v mention_n of_o it_o to_o inform_v some_o that_o have_v not_o take_v notice_n of_o it_o and_o that_o be_v of_o a_o twofold_a sort_n of_o infeoffment_n find_v ancient_o concern_v land_n the_o one_o be_v call_v vetus_n the_o other_o novum_n both_o of_o they_o erection_n of_o military_a service_n upon_o such_o person_n as_o be_v think_v worthy_a the_o degree_n of_o regis_fw-la of_o in_o domesdey_n in_o dorsetshire_n there_o be_v this_o tren_a tainorum_fw-la regis_fw-la in_o one_o title_n and_o in_o the_o next_o it_o be_v thus_o for_o the_o same_o thing_n tren_a servientium_fw-la regis_fw-la thanes_z the_o first_o be_v that_o found_v before_o and_o by_o william_n the_o conqueror_n the_o other_o be_v that_o which_o be_v in_o erect_v betwixt_o the_o time_n of_o william_n the_o conqueror_n and_o henry_n the_o three_o and_o in_o his_o survey_n of_o knights-fee_n be_v call_v novum_fw-la feoffamentum_fw-la both_o i_o believe_v spin_v out_o of_o gavel-kind_n for_o i_o find_v chap._n fourteen_o partition_n of_o land_n by_o the_o saxon_a law_n those_o low_v continue_v and_o confirm_v after_o the_o conquest_n the_o correspondence_n and_o progression_n of_o the_o british_a language_n all_o that_o i_o have_v aim_v at_o principal_o be_v to_o show_v that_o inheritance_n be_v ancient_o and_o general_o partible_a and_o will_v suppose_v they_o so_o from_o the_o most_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o our_o island_n who_o be_v the_o britain_n and_o so_o deduce_v the_o probability_n of_o the_o denomination_n of_o the_o tenure_n viz._n gavelkynd_n from_o they_o what_o i_o have_v already_o say_v in_o this_o matter_n i_o will_v not_o trouble_v the_o reader_n with_o a_o repetition_n thereof_o only_o in_o this_o place_n take_v notice_n that_o the_o saxon_n have_v their_o land_n common_o partible_a among_o they_o except_o it_o be_v in_o their_o military_a tenor_n to_o which_o mr._n s._n have_v subjoin_v in_o his_o 78._o page_n thus_o now_o say_v he_o it_o be_v true_a and_o not_o to_o be_v deny_v that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o canutus_n inheritance_n be_v partible_a but_o how_o it_o may_v be_v equal_o like_o our_o gavel-kind_n but_o it_o be_v not_o so_o express_v nor_o do_v the_o word_n enforce_v it_o it_o be_v order_v there_o indeed_o that_o a_o partition_n of_o the_o estate_n be_v make_v in_o the_o one_o between_z or_o among_o the_o wife_n child_n and_o next_o of_o kin_n by_o the_o lord_n in_o the_o other_o by_o the_o heir_n among_o themselves_o in_o both_o not_o sÆ¿iþe_v emne_a or_o rsiþe_n efen_fw-ge i._n e._n equal_o but_o fsiþe_v rihte_v in_o the_o former_a more_o explicit_o thus_o elcum_fw-la be_fw-mi þaer_fw-mi maeê§e_n etc._n etc._n i._n e._n according_a to_o the_o old_a version_n in_o brampton_n unicuiquesecundum_fw-la modum_fw-la qui_fw-la ad_fw-la eum_fw-la pertinet_fw-la here_o be_v now_o no_o equal_a division_n speak_v of_o no_o equal_v the_o young_a with_o the_o elder_a brethren_n or_o the_o like_a but_o the_o estate_n be_v to_o be_v shift_v rÆ¿iþe_o rihte_v i._n e._n according_a to_o right_n just_o or_o if_o you_o will_v after_o the_o old_a version_n of_o the_o latter_a law_n in_o brampton_n be_v the_o same_o verbatim_o with_o that_o in_o mr._n lambard_n elsewhere_o rectè_fw-la every_o one_o to_o have_v his_o due_a haply_o after_o a_o geometrical_a not_o arithmetical_a proportion_n mr._n s._n say_v that_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v deny_v but_o that_o they_o be_v so_o by_o the_o law_n of_o king_n canutus_n that_o at_o which_o he_o make_v a_o hesitation_n be_v because_o it_o be_v not_o express_v how_o they_o be_v partible_a and_o will_v have_v it_o to_o be_v only_o like_o the_o kentish-gavel-kind_n for_o which_o i_o can_v imagine_v there_o can_v be_v any_o reason_n produce_v nor_o authority_n find_v why_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v the_o same_o or_o why_o the_o kentish_a gavelkynd_n shall_v not_o be_v like_o that_o in_o other_o country_n but_o he_o gather_v it_o and_o infer_v it_o from_o this_o for_o that_o it_o be_v not_o express_v to_o be_v divide_v by_o even_o or_o