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Word A Word B Word C Word D Occurrence Frequency Band MI MI Band Prominent
england_n edward_n king_n wales_n 4,736 5 10.7691 5 true
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A68397 The breuiary of Britayne As this most noble, and renowmed iland, was of auncient time deuided into three kingdomes, England, Scotland and Wales. Contaynyng a learned discourse of the variable state, [and] alteration therof, vnder diuers, as wel natural: as forren princes, [and] conquerours. Together with the geographicall description of the same, such as nether by elder, nor later writers, the like hath been set foorth before. Writen in Latin by Humfrey Lhuyd of Denbigh, a Cambre Britayne, and lately Englished by Thomas Twyne, Gentleman.; Commentarioli Britannicae descriptionis fragmentum. English Llwyd, Humphrey, 1527-1568.; Twyne, Thomas, 1543-1613. 1573 (1573) STC 16636; ESTC S108126 73,902 228

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by_o twine_n that_o thou_o do_v send_v to_o brutus_n his_o brood_n a_o labour_n sure_a that_o well_o deserve_v praise_n go_v show_v thyself_o to_o britanist_n who_o glory_n thou_o do_v raise_v finis_fw-la ¶_o lodowick_n lhuyd_v in_o praise_n of_o the_o author_n go_v on_o be_v bold_o thou_o little_a book_n sound_o forth_o thy_o author_n fame_n advance_v the_o travel_n try_v of_o he_o that_o christen_v first_o thy_o name_n thy_o state_n exile_v thy_o age_n unknown_a thy_o line_n that_o long_o be_v lose_v be_v now_o return_v and_o know_v again_o in_o ancient_a britain_n cost_v from_o scythia_n shore_n from_o phrigia_n field_n where_o long_o thyself_o have_v lie_v from_o rage_a rock_n and_o craze_a crag_n thou_o be_v come_v home_o again_o thy_o patron_n grand_a and_o ancient_a sire_n aeneas_n trojan_a stout_a do_v never_o toil_n on_o land_n and_o sea_n as_o thou_o have_v range_v about_o from_o mountain_n high_a whereto_o thyself_o alone_o waste_v wont_a to_o talk_v lhuid_n teach_v thy_o 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divide_v ibid._n the_o etymology_n thereof_o 8_o britain_n the_o less_o or_o the_o second_o 35_o britain_n the_o first_o second_o three_o and_o four_o 35_o britain_n how_o they_o celebrate_v easter_n 67._o their_o ualiencie_n 69_o british_a name_n corrupt_v by_o the_o romans_z 5_o briton_n nigh_o france_n 10_o brustius_n cruelty_n 83._o his_o miserable_a death_n ibidem_fw-la bristol_n 18_o buckynghamshiremen_n 24_o c_o cadevenna_n 73_o caesar_n what_o he_o term_v a_o city_n 32_o caerbro_n castle_n in_o the_o wight_n 17_o caer_n andr_v by_o who_o overthrow_v 15_o caerlile_n 47_o calais_n 14_o cambria_n why_o so_o call_v 49_o cambra_n 53_o cambridge_n 23_o camalodunum_n 21_o camudolanum_n ibidem_fw-la cangorum_fw-la where_o it_o stand_v 66_o cantimanduas_fw-la treason_n 34_o cantorbury_n why_o so_o call_v 15._o metropolitan_a of_o england_n and_o wales_n ibid._n caradoc_n describe_v 33_o cardigan_n 75_o castle_n of_o clun_n 34_o castle_n of_o dover_n 14_o castle_n of_o emlyn_n 79_o 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albania_n 47_o description_n of_o cambria_n 49_o description_n of_o caradoc_n city_n 35_o description_n of_o ceretica_n 75._o 79._o description_n of_o denbygh_a 66._o description_n of_o tegenia_n or_o igenia_n 68_o description_n of_o wales_n 62_o division_n of_o britain_n 9_o division_n of_o england_n 12_o division_n of_o wales_n 62_o division_n of_o venodotia_n 64_o division_n be_v dangerous_a 93_o dorchester_n 24_o doruentani_fw-la why_o so_o call_v 27_o dover_n 14_o dover_n castle_n by_o who_o build_v 14_o druid_n 42_o dunetus_n abbot_n 71_o dunwallon_n forsake_v his_o kingdom_n 68_o diverse_a king_n possess●_n diverse_a part_n of_o wales_n 63_o e_o edward_n the_o first_o enter_v wales_n 58_o edinburgh_n by_o who_o build_v 48_o egbert_n first_o monarch_n of_o lohëgr_n 19_o eluyl_n 74_o elbodius_n archbishop_n of_o north-wales_n 67_o emlyn_n castle_n 79_o england_n divide_v 12._o by_o who_o first_o so_o call_v
nothing_o trouble_v with_o hunger_n nor_o cold_a neither_o weary_a with_o martial_a affair_n neither_o fall_n into_o desperation_n by_o adversity_n but_o soon_o ready_a to_o rise_v up_o after_o a_o fall_n and_o press_v by_o and_o by_o again_o to_o assay_v the_o peril_n of_o war_n as_o in_o battle_n easy_a so_o in_o continuance_n of_o war_n hard_a to_o be_v overcome_v whereby_o claudianus_n seem_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o same_o nation_n say_v if_o that_o their_o heart_n you_o let_v a_o while_n 2._o to_o rest_v so_o many_o slaughter_n they_o devoid_a of_o sense_n do_v seem_v to_o take_v and_o of_o small_a price_n the_o loss_n of_o so_o much_o blood_n to_o deem_v thus_o much_o he_o and_o more_o which_o short_o god_n willing_a shall_v be_v set_v forth_o now_o let_v we_o come_v to_o the_o description_n of_o the_o land_n this_o land_n after_o the_o british_a destruction_n wales_n be_v divide_v into_o six_o region_n as_o i_o read_v of_o late_a in_o a_o very_a ancient_a book_n write_v of_o the_o law_n of_o the_o britain_n for_o say_v that_o book_n after_o that_o the_o saxon_n have_v vanquish_v the_o britain_n &_o obtain_v the_o sceptre_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o the_o crown_n of_o london_n all_o the_o people_n of_o wales_n assemble_v together_o at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n devey_v to_o choose_v a_o king_n and_o yno_o i_o doethant_a gwyr_n gwynedh_fw-mi à_fw-fr gwyr_n powy_n a_o gwyr_n deheubarth_n à_fw-fr reynnwc_n ac_fw-la esylluc_n à_fw-la morganuc_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v and_o thither_o come_v man_n of_o gwynedh_n and_o man_n of_o powy_n and_o man_n of_o deheubarth_n and_o of_o reynnucia_n and_o of_o syllucia_n and_o morgania_n &_o they_o choose_v maylgun_v who_o other_o call_v maclocunius_fw-la of_o ▪_o gwynedh_n to_o be_v their_o king_n this_o be_v about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n ●60_n howbeit_o afterward_o in_o the_o lamentable_a conflict_n against_o ethelfredus_n king_n of_o northumberland_n be_v recite_v the_o king_n of_o dynetia_n which_o false_o they_o call_v demetia_n of_o guenta_fw-la of_o powysia_n and_o of_o north-wales_n and_o in_o another_o place_n ●ention_n be_v make_v of_o the_o king_n of_o stra_n 〈…〉_o cluyde_v so_o that_o hereby_o it_o be_v easy_o 〈…〉_o ered_a that_o this_o country_n be_v subject_a 〈…〉_o ivers_n petikinge_n or_o earl_n unto_o rodericu●_n 〈…〉_o e_o of_o roderike_n the_o great_a who_z ob_fw-la 〈…〉_o the_o monarchy_n of_o all_o wales_n the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 843._o divide_v it_o into_o three_o part_n which_o he_o leave_v in_o possession_n of_o his_o three_o son_n for_o unto_o meruinius_fw-la as_o gyraldus_n term_v he_o to_o who_o i_o consent_v his_o elder_a son_n he_o give_v gwynedh_n to_o anaraudus_fw-la who_o some_o make_v the_o elder_a powy_n &_o to_o cadelhus_fw-la the_o young_a deheubarth_n and_o that_o i_o may_v use_v the_o word_n of_o gyldas_n southwales_n be_v allot_v to_o cadelhus_fw-la with_o the_o blessing_n and_o goodwill_n of_o all_o the_o people_n which_o 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and_o slow_v stand_v conway_n of_o our_o country_n man_n call_v aberconwy_n a_o wall_a town_n build_v by_o the_o same_o king_n then_o follow_v meridnia_n with_o we_o merionydh_n and_o gyraldus_n call_v it_o the_o land_n of_o the_o son_n of_o conavius_fw-la the_o same_o as_o he_o say_v be_v the_o most_o rough_a and_o sharp_a of_o all_o wales_n have_v in_o it_o most_o high_a mountain_n the_o people_n use_v long_o spear_n wherewith_o they_o be_v of_o great_a force_n as_z the_o southwales_n man_n with_o their_o bow_n so_o that_o a_o harnies_n can_v bear_v it_o of_o so_o much_o he_o the_o sea_n coast_n there_o by_o occasion_n of_o take_v great_a her_v take_v be_v much_o frequent_v by_o people_n of_o diverse_a country_n in_o the_o same_o stand_v the_o town_n harlechia_n by_o the_o sea_n side_n and_o within_o the_o land_n be_v the_o great_a lake_n tegid_a through_o which_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi which_o we_o call_v doverduwy_a that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o water_n of_o dee_n flow_v where_o it_o be_v worth_a the_o note_n that_o there_o be_v in_o that_o pond_n a_o peculiar_a kind_n of_o fish_n which_o be_v never_o find_v in_o the_o run_a water_n neither_o the_o salmon_n whereof_o the_o river_n be_v full_a do_v ever_o entre_fw-fr into_o the_o lake_n in_o this_o country_n and_o in_o arfon_n be_v see_v great_a multitude_n of_o dear_a and_o goat_n upon_o the_o high_a hill_n and_o these_o two_o country_n of_o all_o wales_n cam_fw-la last_o into_o the_o power_n of_o the_o englishmen_n neither_o do_v the_o people_n of_o this_o country_n ever_o frequent_a domestical_a incursion_n but_o before_o our_o time_n always_o seem_v to_o obey_v law_n rightful_o the_o far_a &_o last_o part_n of_o gwynedh_n be_v call_v of_o our_o countryman_n berfedhwlad_a that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o inward_a and_o midland_n region_n and_o be_v sever_v from_o
¶_o the_o breviary_n of_o britain_n as_o this_o most_o noble_a and_o renown_a island_n be_v of_o ancient_a time_n divide_v into_o three_o kingdom_n england_n scotland_n and_o wales_n ▪_o contain_v a_o learned_a discourse_n of_o the_o variable_a state_n &_o alteration_n thereof_o under_o diverse_a as_o well_o natural_a as_o foreign_a prince_n &_o conqueror_n together_o with_o the_o geographical_a description_n of_o the_o same_o such_o as_o neither_o by_o elder_n nor_o late_a writer_n the_o like_a have_v be_v set_v forth_o before_o written_a in_o latin_a by_o humphrey_n lhuyd_v of_o denbigh_n a_o cambre_n britain_n and_o late_o english_v by_o thomas_n twine_v gentleman_n 1573._o to_o the_o right_n honourable_a edward_n deviere_n lord_n bulbeck_n earl_n of_o oxenford_n lord_n great_a chamberlain_n of_o england_n tho._n twine_n wish_v long_a life_n perfect_a health_n increase_n of_o honour_n and_o endless_a felicity_n nobility_n be_v a_o precious_a gift_n which_o so_o glitter_v in_o the_o eye_n of_o all_o man_n that_o there_o be_v no_o one_o corporal_a thing_n in_o this_o world_n whereof_o we_o make_v a_o great_a account_n for_o so_o be_v it_o esteem_v of_o all_o desire_v of_o all_o and_o reverence_v of_o al._n virtue_n say_v tul_o and_o before_o he_o plato_n if_o it_o may_v be_v see_v with_o our_o bodily_a eye_n doubtless_o it_o will_v procure_v marvellous_a love_n and_o good_a like_n unto_o itself_o the_o show_n thereof_o will_v appear_v so_o fair_a and_o amiable_a the_o unite_n of_o which_o two_o most_o noble_a grace_n with_o all_o other_o furniture_n of_o nature_n &_o fortune_n with_o in_o your_o person_n right_o honourable_a and_o my_o very_a good_a lord_n have_v so_o bend_v my_o judgement_n and_o bring_v i_o into_o such_o like_n &_o admiration_n thereof_o that_o i_o have_v rest_v no_o small_a time_n not_o only_o not_o satisfy_v in_o be_v one_o of_o the_o admiratour_n but_o also_o desierus_a to_o be_v one_o of_o the_o participatour_n of_o those_o your_o honour_n most_o laudable_a disposition_n whereunto_o i_o do_v now_o humble_o submit_v myself_o and_o in_o token_n of_o my_o dutiful_a meaning_n herein_o be_o so_o hardi_fw-la as_o to_o present_v your_o honour_n with_o this_o simple_a travail_n which_o i_o so_o term_v in_o respect_n of_o my_o pain_n in_o translate_v the_o same_o howbeit_o i_o be_o persuade_v that_o it_o cost_v m._n lhuyd_v who_o first_o and_o not_o long_o since_o write_v the_o same_o in_o latin_a no_o small_a labour_n and_o industry_n in_o the_o gather_n and_o pen_v regard_v your_o honour_n to_o be_v amongst_o there_a a_o very_a fit_a patron_n for_o it_o in_o consideration_n that_o be_v as_o yet_o but_o in_o your_o flower_n and_o tender_a age_n and_o general_o hope_v and_o account_v of_o in_o time_n to_o become_v the_o chief_a stay_n of_o this_o your_o common_a wealth_n and_o country_n you_o will_v receive_v into_o your_o self_n tuition_n the_o write_v name_n and_o description_n of_o that_o britain_n which_o as_o it_o be_v in_o part_n your_o native_a soil_n so_o your_o duty_n bid_v you_o to_o defend_v and_o maintain_v it_o here_o on_o when_o your_o honour_n shall_v be_v at_o lee_n sure_a to_o look_v bestow_v such_o regard_n as_o you_o be_v accustom_v to_o do_v on_o book_n of_o geography_n history_n and_o other_o good_a learning_a wherein_o i_o be_o privy_a your_o honour_n take_v singular_a delight_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o you_o shall_v have_v cause_n to_o judge_v your_o time_n very_o well_o apply_v and_o so_o much_o the_o rather_o for_o that_o in_o the_o study_n of_o geography_n it_o be_v expedient_a first_o to_o know_v exact_o the_o situation_n of_o our_o own_o home_n where_o we_o a_o bide_v before_o that_o we_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o judge_v how_o other_o country_n do_v lie_v unto_o we_o which_o be_v far_o distant_a from_o we_o beside_o that_o it_o be_v a_o foul_a shame_n to_o be_v inquisitive_a of_o the_o state_n of_o foreign_a land_n and_o to_o be_v ignorant_a of_o our_o own_o as_o your_o honour_n be_v already_o perfect_o instruct_v be_v not_o now_o to_o learn_v at_o my_o ●ande_n but_o for_o my_o part_n it_o shall_v be_v sufficient_a that_o your_o honour_n will_v dayn_v to_o accept_v this_o small_a present_n or_o rather_o therein_o my_o hearty_a good_a will_n which_o be_v not_o otherwise_o able_a to_o gratify_v the_o same_o shall_v never_o cease_v to_o pray_v to_o god_n that_o he_o will_v always_o direct_v you_o in_o the_o commendable_a race_n of_o virtue_n and_o learn_v which_o you_o have_v begin_v augment_v your_o honour_n with_o many_o degree_n and_o in_o the_o end_n reward_v you_o with_o immortal_a felicity_n your_o honour_n most_o humble_a at_o commandment_n thomas_n twine_v ¶_o the_o preface_n of_o the_o translatour_n to_o the_o reader_n when_o i_o first_o take_v in_o hand_n this_o book_n gentle_a reader_n &_o be_v determine_v to_o translate_v it_o into_o english_a i_o consider_v the_o great_a judgement_n and_o learning_n of_o the_o author_n &_o my_o own_o simplicity_n and_o unskilfulness_n by_o conference_n whereof_o i_o be_v eftsoon_o drive_v from_o my_o determination_n for_o i_o perceive_v how_o dangerous_a a_o thing_n it_o be_v for_o i_o who_o god_n know_v be_o but_o a_o simple_a antiquary_n and_o but_o slender_o practise_v in_o the_o antiquity_n of_o this_o island_n to_o geve_v forth_o my_o absolute_a sentence_n in_o such_o matter_n as_o be_v in_o controversy_n not_o only_o amongst_o the_o most_o approve_a and_o best_a learned_a ancient_a writer_n in_o this_o behalf_n but_o also_o between_o such_o as_o have_v be_v very_o well_o see_v therein_o in_o our_o time_n whereof_o some_o be_v dead_a and_o some_o be_v yet_o live_v which_o i_o see_v that_o of_o necessity_n i_o must_v do_v as_o for_o this_o one_o example_n among_o many_o although_o it_o be_v not_o yet_o full_o agree_v upon_o what_o town_n in_o england_n the_o ancient_a name_n of_o caleva_n do_v signify_v and_o the_o place_n thereof_o be_v also_o as_o uncertain_a as_o upon_o which_o side_n of_o the_o thames_n it_o shall_v lie_v yet_o follow_v my_o author_n so_o near_o as_o i_o may_v i_o be_o enforce_v to_o determine_v some_o way_n i_o be_o sure_a not_o without_o mislike_v of_o many_o the_o like_a reprehension_n i_o have_v incur_v in_o the_o english_v of_o name_n of_o diverse_a place_n more_o some_o english_a some_o scottish_a but_o especial_o welsh_a or_o british_a in_o so_o much_o that_o i_o be_v determine_v to_o have_v set_v they_o down_o as_o i_o have_v find_v they_o in_o m._n lhuyd_n latin_a book_n which_o he_o for_o that_o he_o wroate_fw-mi in_o latin_a have_v so_o nigh_o as_o he_o can_v make_v they_o all_o latin_a word_n in_o sound_n &_o termination_n but_o be_v therein_o much_o lighten_v especial_o by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o rightworshipfull_a m._n doct._n yale_n of_o london_n i_o trust_v i_o have_v deserve_v less_o blame_n in_o that_o then_o in_o any_o other_o one_o part_n of_o my_o translation_n how_o be_v it_o for_o my_o little_a skill_n in_o that_o tongue_n i_o be_o the_o more_o i_o hope_v to_o be_v bear_v with_o all_o and_o where_o as_o the_o author_n in_o the_o latin_a copy_n recite_v the_o peculiar_a letter_n &_o the_o pronunciation_n of_o they_o with_o the_o propriety_n of_o the_o british_a tongue_n in_o steed_n of_o a_o double_a letter_n as_o dd_v or_o a_o letter_n with_o a_o aspiration_n as_o lh_o will_v for_o brevety_n sake_n have_v they_o write_v with_o the_o same_o letter_n &_o a_o prick_n under_o the_o foot_n for_o want_n of_o the_o like_o letter_n we_o have_v throughout_o the_o whole_a work_n express_v the_o same_o to_o that_o very_a effect_n in_o the_o double_a letter_n or_o with_o aspiration_n from_o place_n to_o place_n where_o he_o have_v use_v the_o same_o under_o prick_v letter_n so_o that_o hereby_o save_v for_o his_o conceit_n of_o write_v there_o be_v no_o error_n commit_v at_o al._n and_o herein_o i_o think_v it_o needful_a to_o admonish_v thou_o moreover_o if_o there_o shall_v haply_o appear_v any_o fault_n by_o we_o now_o commit_v either_o in_o misname_a any_o person_n town_n or_o other_o thing_n wrong_n place_v of_o word_n evil_a allegation_n of_o writer_n alter_v of_o the_o author_n mean_v by_o false_a point_v one_o word_n put_v for_o a_o other_o or_o such_o like_a the_o truth_n whereof_o i_o can_v not_o exact_o try_v out_o by_o diligent_a animadversion_n or_o due_a conference_n in_o so_o short_a time_n i_o most_o hearty_o crave_v pardon_n and_o must_v needs_o impute_v the_o most_o part_n thereof_o unto_o the_o falseness_n a_o disordre_fw-fr of_o the_o latin_a copy_n print_v at_o colone_n who_o errata_fw-la be_v more_o than_o i_o have_v common_o see_v in_o a_o book_n of_o no_o great_a quantity_n &_o yet_o if_o the_o printer_n will_v have_v note_v all_o he_o shall_v have_v note_v twice_o so_o many_o as_o
13_z englishman_n whence_o descend_v 12_o earl_n of_o glocestre_n 58_o etymology_n of_o britain_n 8_o etymology_n of_o gaulle_a 56_o euboniae_fw-la 49_o example_n of_o god_n judgement_n 69_o exeter_n 17_o fletcher_n family_n of_o stuarts_n in_o scotland_n 34_o family_n of_o gray_n in_o england_n 67_o family_n of_o fitzalane_n 72_o flavia_n 35_o flemmyng_n drive_v out_o of_o their_o own_o country_n what_o place_n they_o possess_v 57_o flint_n town_n 69_o forest_n of_o deane_n 74_o franci_n whence_o suppose_v to_o have_v spring_v 53._o france_n bound_v 56_o g_o gadini_n 47_o gloucester_n by_o who_o build_v 19_o golden_a number_a confute_v &_o reject_v 68_o gwynedh_n 58._o whence_o the_o king_n thereof_o so_o call_v 64_o grancestre_n 23_o gyldas_n reprove_v 93_o gyldo_n 42_o gylford_n 16_o gyllus_n usurper_n 42_o h_o hamo_fw-la with_o he_o twelve_o knight_n 80_o haste_v 93_o hebrides_n 49_o hengiscus_fw-la send_v against_o the_o scot_n and_o redshank_n 12_o henry_n the_o second_o vanquish_v 92_o henry_n the_o four_o 59_o henry_n the_o seven_o ib._n henry_n the_o eight_o 60_o henry_n earl_n of_o lincoln_n build_v a_o castle_n 66_o herald_n last_o king_n of_o danish_a blood_n 25_o hereford_n where_o it_o lie_v 74_o her_v take_v 65_o hibernenses_n afterward_o call_v scot_n 44_o hierome_n russelle_n reprove_v 28_o hierhaut_n and_o hierhautrye_n by_o welsh_a man_n diligent_o retain_v 7_o holt._n 70_o hopa_n 72_o how_o many_o city_n so_o many_o kingdom_n in_o britain_n 32_o huntingtonshire_n ●4_o i_o iceni_n what_o region_n they_o inhabit_v 23_o idiom_n or_o propriety_n of_o the_o british_a tongue_n 3_o jernaei_fw-la 4_o land_n about_o anglysea_n 64_o ilcestre_n 18_o irishman_n call_v afterward_o scots_n 44_o irland_n 49._o by_o who_o first_o endue_v with_o christianity_n 63_o julius_n the_o martyr_n where_o bury_v 82_o king_n kennethus_n king_n of_o scot_n 38_o kent_n 14_o kynton_n 74_o king_n of_o england_n elder_a son_n prince_n of_o wales_n 59_o king_n arthur_n 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antoninus_n appianus_n aristoteles_n athenaeus_n aurelius_n victor_n beatus_fw-la rhenanus_fw-la beda_n boëthius_n berosus_n caesar._n capgrave_n claudianus_n crantzius_n diodorus_n siculus_n dion_n eliote_n eutropius_n frossartus_fw-la giambularius_fw-la gothus_n gyldas_n gyraldus_n haymo_fw-la armenius_n hieronomus_n hierono_fw-it russellus_fw-la herodianus_n huntingtonensis_n iwenalis_n lampridius_n lazius_n lelandus_n lucanus_n maior_n mamertinus_n malmsburiensis_n marcellinus_n marianus_n scotus_n marius_n niger_n mela._n meyerus_n orosius_n panuinius_fw-la parisiensis_fw-la paulus_n diaconus_fw-la pausanias_n plinius_n plutarch_n polybius_n polydorus_n postellus_n ptolomaeus_n sextus_n rufus_n sidonius_n apollinaris_n spartianus_n solinus_n suetonius_n sigisbertus_n tacitus_n regino_n rhicuallensis_fw-la robertus_fw-la coenalis_n virgilius_n virunnius_n volateranus_fw-la vopiscus_n wilhelmus_fw-la paruus_fw-la the_o epistle_n of_o the_o author_n to_o the_o most_o adorn_v and_o 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environ_v army_n which_o lie_v upon_o the_o shore_n of_o the_o town_n bollen_a etc_n etc_n coenalis_n affirm_v the_o haven_n gessoriacus_n be_v caslete_a of_o flanders_n which_o town_n stand_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o a_o high_a hill_n fourteen_o mile_n from_o the_o sea_n sufficient_o declare_v the_o author_n unskilfulness_n and_o i_o take_v iccius_n to_o be_v the_o same_o haven_n which_o now_o they_o term_v caletum_n for_o calitium_fw-la calais_n but_o i_o can_v agree_v calais_n with_o those_o which_o make_v selusas_fw-la of_o flaunders_n to_o be_v iccius_n be_v unlike_a that_o the_o roman_n will_v have_v use_v so_o long_o a_o course_n by_o sea_n when_o they_o may_v have_v pass_v over_o soon_o &_o more_o commedious_o from_o that_o place_n there_o be_v in_o kent_n in_o old_a time_n three_o famous_a port_n well_o know_v to_o the_o roman_n doris_n rhutupis_n and_o lemanis_n doris_n undoubted_o be_v the_o same_o which_o both_o englishman_n and_o britain_n reserve_v the_o ancient_a name_n at_o this_o day_n do_v call_v dover_n for_o we_o call_v water_n dover_n dour_a or_o duúr_n and_o i_o be_o not_o ignorant_a that_o the_o dovarians_n stout_o defend_v that_o their_o town_n heretofore_o be_v call_v rutupium_n and_o that_o aruiragus_n king_n of_o britain_n build_v there_o a_o noble_a castle_n yet_o i_o have_v rather_o give_v credit_n to_o antoninus_n who_o speak_v of_o both_o and_o i_o suppose_v that_o to_o be_v rutupium_n which_o of_o the_o englishman_n be_v call_v repcestre_n nigh_o sandwiche_n not_o far_o from_o the_o isle_n of_o thanat_n for_o that_o i_o land_n we_o call_v thanat_n ynys_n rhuochym_n as_o much_o to_o say_v rutupina_n whereof_o the_o shore_n deserve_v to_o be_v term_v rutupinum_n and_o the_o porte_fw-fr rutupis_n lemanis_n or_o as_o some_o call_v it_o linienus_fw-la be_v that_o river_n which_o be_v now_o call_v amongst_o the_o englishman_n rotler_n rotler_n and_o flow_v into_o the_o ocean_n sea_n nigh_o apuldore_v moreover_o beside_o sea_n these_o famous_a port_n be_v rye_n and_o wynchelsea_n two_o town_n &_o far_a within_o the_o main_n land_n durobrevis_fw-la and_o durovernum_fw-la the_o same_o englishman_n do_v call_v cantorbury_n that_o be_v to_o say_v cantorburie_n the_o court_n of_o the_o kentyshman_n and_o with_o we_o caërgant_n and_o be_v chief_a metropolitant_a sea_n of_o all_o england_n and_o wales_n the_o tother_o be_v term_v rofcester_n but_o antoninus_n place_v vagniacum_n between_o london_n and_o dorovernum_fw-la &_o between_o that_o and_o durovernum_fw-la durolernum_fw-la but_o what_o name_v they_o have_v at_o this_o day_n i_o be_o not_o altogether_o ignorant_a howbeit_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o these_o town_n take_v their_o name_n of_o water_n which_o be_v duur_n in_o british_a and_o duriverne_v amongst_o we_o plain_o signify_v water_n which_o flow_v out_o of_o a_o place_n where_o alder_n grow_v whereby_o i_o be_o persuade_v that_o the_o same_o town_n in_o time_n pass_v thereof_o obtain_v his_o name_n but_o 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wolden_a as_o in_o these_o word_n cottiswolden_a and_o pork_n will_v it_o appear_v next_o unto_o the_o kentishman_n on_o the_o southside_n of_o the_o thames_n be_v those_o which_o in_o time_n past_a be_v the_o second_o kingdom_n of_o southsaxson_n and_o be_v term_v southsaxon_n but_o be_v now_o divide_v into_o two_o shire_n southsex_n and_o southtrey_n and_o i_o be_o of_o belief_n that_o neomaguin_n be_v their_o city_n where_o chichester_n gylford_n now_o stand_v chichester_n the_o chief_a city_n of_o southsaxons_n be_v call_v caërceri_fw-la in_o british_a after_o these_o come_v the_o atrabates_n which_o now_o be_v call_v the_o people_n of_o barkshyre_n who_o principal_a city_n in_o old_a time_n be_v call_v walingford_n caleva_n but_o now_o walyngford_n wherein_o i_o can_v consent_v to_o those_o which_o call_v oxford_n caleva_n stand_v on_o the_o north_n shore_n of_o the_o thames_n there_o be_v also_o a_o village_n name_v cilcester_n not_o far_o from_o basinge_v which_o before_o time_n be_v call_v caërsegent_n and_o segontium_n of_o
call_v in_o latin_a deva_n of_o the_o river_n which_o we_o term_v dourdowy_a to_o say_v the_o water_n of_o dee_n the_o englishman_n call_v it_o legancestre_n and_o afterward_o clip_a chester_n the_o name_v short_a call_v it_o chester_n and_o the_o citizen_n do_v glory_n that_o they_o have_v the_o body_n of_o henry_n the_o four_o emperor_n who_o they_o affirm_v to_o have_v yield_v up_o the_o empire_n and_o have_v betake_v himself_o to_o a_o hermit_n life_n and_o so_o be_v they_o likewise_o persuade_v of_o herald_n who_o be_v the_o last_o king_n of_o the_o danish_a blood_n more_o east_n from_o these_o be_v the_o doruentani_fw-la now_o derbishyremen_n so_o term_v of_o their_o cheifcitie_n dwrguent_n which_o be_v as_o much_o to_o say_v as_z white_a water_n all_o these_o shire_n and_o convente_n with_o a_o great_a part_n of_o wales_n as_o far_o as_o the_o renown_a ditch_n of_o king_n offa_n of_o which_o we_o will_v speak_v hereafter_o make_v up_o the_o six_o kingdom_n of_o english_a saxon_n in_o britain_n which_o of_o the_o river_n merse_n be_v call_v the_o kingdom_n of_o mercij_fw-la or_o march._n here_o now_o i_o can_v sufficient_o marvel_v how_o wolfangus_fw-la lazius_n a_o man_n excellent_o learn_v and_o very_o well_o deserve_v of_o all_o that_o be_v studious_a of_o antiquity_n in_o his_o great_a work_n of_o the_o migration_n of_o nation_n shall_v be_v so_o much_o deceive_v as_o to_o say_v that_o the_o mertij_fw-la or_o people_n of_o march_n be_v marcomanni_n and_o the_o their_o king_n penda_n offa_n with_o all_o the_o rest_n reign_v in_o the_o low_a germany_n be_v most_o evident_a in_o all_o history_n that_o there_o be_v never_o any_o such_o kingdom_n there_o and_o that_o these_o king_n &_o people_n who_o he_o affirm_v to_o have_v dwell_v in_o germany_n inhabit_v that_o country_n of_o britain_n which_o we_o now_o describe_v likewise_o while_o he_o endeavour_v to_o link_v together_o the_o discentes_fw-la and_o pedigree_n of_o the_o norman_a blood_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n he_o handle_v they_o so_o confuse_o &_o so_o far_o beside_o truth_n that_o it_o seem_v he_o never_o read_v either_o the_o name_n or_o order_n or_o deed_n of_o the_o king_n but_o it_o be_v rather_o likely_a that_o he_o learn_v they_o by_o hearsay_n of_o some_o babble_a unlearned_a fool_n that_o have_v no_o regard_n of_o his_o good_a same_o or_o honesty_n as_o a_o neither_o have_v ●oone_o of_o late_a day_n a_o man_n famous_o learn_v in_o the_o mathematics_n in_o his_o geographical_a chart_n of_o this_o island_n and_o beside_o these_o hieromus_fw-la ruscellus_n in_o his_o ptolomaeus_n late_o print_v at_o venice_n while_o he_o go_v about_o to_o set_v forth_o new_a name_n correspondent_a to_o the_o old_a confound_v place_n a_o hundred_o mile_n distant_a one_o from_o another_o namely_o error_n colchester_n and_o wynchester_n neither_o in_o other_o place_n be_v his_o gheass_n any_o thing_n more_o certain_a wherefore_o i_o exhort_v man_n not_o to_o trust_v he_o in_o this_o behalf_n there_o remain_v the_o seven_o and_o last_o kingdom_n of_o saxon_n in_o england_n which_o they_o term_v nordan_n humbrorum_fw-la because_o it_o stand_v at_o the_o northecoast_n of_o humber_n the_o same_o be_v afterward_o divide_v into_o two_o kyngedome_n of_o the_o deer_n and_o bernice_n the_o kingdom_n of_o deera_fw-mi contain_v all_o the_o country_n from_o humbre_a and_o trent_n to_o the_o river_n tyssa_n bernicia_n reach_v from_o tyssa_n to_o the_o scottish_a sea_n which_o they_o call_v now_o fyrthew_n the_o britain_n term_v this_o same_o brennich_n &_o the_o other_o deifyr_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o region_n especial_o south_n ward_n be_v call_v snotyngomenses_n but_o now_o most_o common_o notingamshiremen_n next_o unto_o these_o be_v yorkeshyreman_n who_o of_o the_o roman_n be_v call_v brigant_n of_o who_o tacitus_n write_v thus_o petilius_n caerealis_n fight_v many_o bataile_n whereof_o some_o be_v not_o unbloody_a against_o the_o city_n of_o the_o brigant_n which_o be_v report_v to_o be_v the_o place_n of_o resort_n to_o the_o whole_a populous_a province_n and_o obtain_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o brigant_n either_o by_o victory_n or_o else_o by_o fight_n all_o these_o the_o li_a champion_n of_o the_o scottish_a name_n hector_n boëthius_n stick_v not_o to_o put_v into_o his_o gallovidia_fw-la and_o to_o prove_v the_o same_o by_o argument_n gather_v out_o of_o ptolomaeus_n and_o tacitus_n but_o how_o much_o ptolomaeus_n be_v deceive_v trust_v to_o the_o report_n of_o other_o in_o describe_v the_o length_n and_o breadth_n of_o place_n in_o britain_n for_o he_o write_v that_o scotland_n lie_v forth_o to_o the_o east_n &_o that_o the_o far_a promontory_n thereof_o be_v viij_o degree_n more_o easterly_a than_o any_o place_n of_o england_n which_o in_o this_o paralelle_n do_v make_v about_o 240_o mile_n which_o be_v altogether_o untrue_a sing_v england_n stand_v more_o to_o the_o east_n then_o scotlande●●the_v ●●the_z be_v as_o clear_v as_o day_n light_n to_o all_o those_o that_o have_v taste_v of_o cosmography_n but_o ptolomaeus_n be_v to_o be_v pardon_v be_v excuse_v a_o egyptian_a bear_v and_o excellent_o well_o learn_v in_o mathematicals_n who_o have_v do_v the_o best_a he_o can_v but_o not_o foolish_a and_o impudent_a boëthius_n bear_v and_o bring_v up_o no_o far_o of_o than_o scotland_n he_o speak_v thus_o of_o tacitus_n that_o he_o be_v a_o grave_a author_n affirm_v that_o the_o brigant_n be_v a_o spanish_a brood_n dwell_v in_o a_o far_a corner_n of_o britain_n far_a than_o any_o dare_v avouch_v that_o at_o his_o time_n the_o britain_n have_v pass_v oh_o impudent_a face_n where_o about_o do_v tacitus_n speak_v thus_o of_o the_o brigant_n he_o seem_v to_o derive_v the_o siluri_n by_o a_o colour_n from_o the_o spanish_a brood_n because_o they_o lie_v over_o against_o spain_n gallovida_fw-la be_v far_a from_o spain_n then_o any_o region_n of_o england_n or_o wales_n and_o that_o in_o tacitus_n time_n the_o brigant_n be_v first_o know_v to_o the_o roman_n i_o confess_v it_o but_o he_o find_v it_o not_o in_o tacitus_n and_o not_o mindful_a of_o himself_o as_o it_o behove_v a_o liar_n to_o be_v he_o call_v not_o to_o remembrance_n that_o he_o write_v in_o another_o place_n that_o claudius_n the_o emperor_n adjoin_v also_o unto_o his_o empire_n the_o orchades_n which_o lie_v beyond_o scotland_n but_o let_v we_o bid_v faithless_a hector_n a_o dieu_fw-fr and_o let_v we_o now_o also_o see_v what_o the_o ancient_a writer_n have_v write_v of_o the_o brigant_n ptolomaeus_n recite_v the_o city_n brigant_n of_o brigant_n eboracum_n epiacum_n calatum_n bimonium_fw-la caturactonium_n rhigodunum_n isurium_n olicana_n with_o other_o all_o man_n know_v that_o eboracum_n be_v that_o city_n which_o the_o britain_n call_v caër_fw-la efroc_n the_o englishman_n euerwyke_v and_o now_o short_a york_n of_o the_o rest_n we_o do_v york_n but_o conjecture_n as_o bimonium_n to_o be_v bincestre_n calatum_n which_o antoninus_n and_o bede_n call_v calcaria_n to_o be_v helicastre_n now_o tadcastre_n rhigodunum_n rippon_n and_o olicana_n haligfex_fw-la and_o that_o isurium_n be_v call_v aldburg_n there_o be_v never_o any_o man_n that_o dream_v that_o these_o city_n be_v in_o scotland_n but_o antoninꝰ_n ascribe_v they_o to_o the_o brigant_n &_o place_v they_o in_o the_o way_n which_o lead_v to_o london_n from_o the_o ually_n praetorium_n for_o that_o there_o be_v a_o valley_n from_o the_o river_n soluathianus_fw-la to_o the_o mouth_n of_o tine_n all_o do_v know_v i_o conclude_v therefore_o that_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o the_o brigant_n be_v ever_o in_o scotland_n in_o so_o much_o that_o the_o remembrance_n of_o this_o name_n remain_v until_o this_o day_n amongst_o we_o for_o when_o we_o see_v any_o man_n not_o due_o obey_n law_n &_o commandment_n he_o we_o call_v chwaret_n brigans_n that_o be_v to_o say_v one_o that_o play_v the_o brigant_a and_o like_v as_o they_o be_v rebel_n against_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n so_o do_v he_o contemn_v the_o law_n of_o magistrate_n and_o of_o elder_n and_o sure_o i_o be_o of_o belief_n that_o all_o deera_fw-mi before_o time_n be_v call_v brigantia_n ptolomaeus_n place_v the_o vernicones_n and_o taiazalos_n between_o the_o river_n tine_n and_o tweed_n this_o country_n alone_o now_o refayn_v the_o name_n of_o northumberland_n when_o all_o northumberland_n the_o region_n before_o time_n from_o that_o river_n to_o the_o scotish_n sea_n be_v call_v by_o that_o name_n for_o there_o be_v no_o river_n in_o all_o britain_n that_o have_v the_o name_n of_o humbre_fw-mi but_o only_o the_o water_n into_o who_o many_o notable_a stream_n do_v flow_v whereby_o our_o friend_n m._n leland_n not_o with_o out_o good_a cause_n suppose_v that_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v call_v aber_n which_o among_o the_o britain_n signify_v a_o arm_n of_o the_o sea_n either_o swiftness_n or_o fall_v of_o any_o
example_n of_o many_o &_o diverse_a place_n of_o wales_n wherefore_o when_o i_o perceive_v that_o this_o place_n be_v within_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o siluri_n &_o the_o ordovici_fw-la for_o it_o be_v scarce_o two_o mile_n distant_a from_o colun_n or_o clun_n castle_n which_o be_v castle_n the_o patrimony_n &_o inheritance_n of_o the_o most_o noble_a and_o ancient_a family_n of_o fytz_n alane_n in_o england_n &_o that_o it_o so_o agree_v in_o all_o point_n with_o the_o description_n of_o tacitꝰ_n that_o nothing_o can_v be_v want_v i_o dare_v bold_o affirm_v that_o this_o be_v the_o very_a self_n same_o place_n in_o which_o ostorius_n contend_v with_o cataracus_n in_o battle_n &_o vanquish_v he_o from_o whence_o fly_v &_o put_v himself_o in_o trust_n to_o the_o faith_n &_o creditie_n of_o cartimandua_n the_o queen_n of_o brigant_n be_v by_o she_o betray_v moreover_o that_o name_n of_o cataracus_n be_v at_o this_o day_n so_o peculiar_a to_o the_o welshman_n that_o many_o prince_n &_o noble_a man_n be_v call_v by_o that_o name_n among_o who_o at_o that_o time_n trahernus_n the_o son_n of_o caradoc_n rule_v north-wales_n fleanchus_n as_o the_o scot_n say_v son_n to_o banguho_fw-it after_o that_o king_n macabaeus_fw-la have_v slay_v his_o father_n by_o flight_n escape_v into_o wales_n on_o who_o daughter_n by_o secret_a access_n but_o infortunate_a and_o miserable_a to_o the_o parent_n he_o beget_v walter_n who_o be_v the_o first_o of_o stuarts_n the_o stuarts_n in_o scotland_n that_o be_v of_o renoun_n from_o who_o unto_o this_o day_n the_o king_n of_o scotland_n do_v vaunt_v themselves_o to_o have_v descend_v but_o i_o suppose_v it_o more_o likely_a that_o he_o who_o they_o report_v to_o be_v the_o nephew_n of_o trahernus_n the_o scot_n bear_v of_o his_o daughter_n and_o his_o father_n a_o scot_n in_o north-wales_n a_o thing_n much_o disagree_v from_o the_o truth_n rather_o to_o be_v one_o of_o trahernus_n own_o child_n which_o by_o gryffine_fw-la son_n unto_o 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region_n of_o britain_n which_o of_o our_o countryman_n be_v call_v albania_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n scotland_n this_o same_o in_o old●_n time_n be_v of_o the_o roman_n call_v the_o second_o britain_n for_o sextus_n ruffus_n recite_v five_o province_n of_o britain_n maxima_fw-la caesariensis_n caesariensis_n which_o i_o do_v take_v to_o be_v that_o part_n of_o britain_n which_o by_o julius_n caesar_n be_v make_v tributary_n to_o the_o roman_n to_o wit_n kent_n the_o kingdom_n of_o southsaxons_n and_o the_o region_n of_o atrabates_n the_o second_o be_v flavia_n which_o by_o like_a conjecture_n be_v thereto_o move_v i_o suppose_v to_o be_v that_o which_o by_o vespasian_n who_o descend_v of_o the_o family_n flavia_n be_v by_o he_o set_v upon_o and_o subdue_v that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o i_o will_v of_o wight_n which_o afterward_o be_v make_v part_n of_o the_o westsaxons_n king_n doom_n the_o third_o i_o judge_v to_o have_v be_v term_v by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o first_o britain_n which_o lie_v forth_o from_o the_o thames_n to_o the_o valley_n or_o trench_n the_o four_o be_v the_o less_o and_o the_o second_o britain_n comprise_v scotland_n it_o remain_v then_o of_o necessity_n that_o wales_n be_v contain_v under_o the_o name_n of_o valentia_n which_o make_v up_o the_o five_o province_n howbeit_o ammianus_n write_v that_o that_o province_n which_o by_o theodosius_n captain_n to_o valentinia_n v●lentia_n be_v take_v when_o he_o have_v drive_v thence_o the_o redshank_n and_o scot_n be_v then_o of_o the_o emperor_n name_n call_v valentia_n and_o that_o the_o britain_n inhabit_v these_o province_n both_o our_o own_o and_o the_o roman_a writer_n have_v leave_v in_o memory_n neither_o be_v there_o ●uer_o any_o writer_n of_o name_n that_o make_v mention_n either_o of_o scot_n or_o redshank_n before_o vespasians_n time_n about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n incarnation_n threescore_o and_o twelve_o at_o what_o time_n meurigus_n or_o maus_n or_o aruiragus_n reign_v in_o britain_n for_o our_o chronicle_n do_v report_n of_o a_o nation_n which_o live_v by_o piracy_n &_o rove_a on_o the_o sea_n come_n forth_o of_o suevia_n or_o norway_n have_v one_o rhythercus_fw-la to_o their_o captain_n and_o land_v in_o albania_n waste_v all_o the_o country_n with_o rob_n and_o spoil_a so_o far_o as_o caerleyl_n where_o he_o be_v discomfit_v and_o slay_v by_o meurigus_n &_o a_o great_a many_o of_o his_o man_n also_o &_o those_o which_o escape_v flee_v to_o their_o ship_n and_o so_o convey_v themselves_o into_o the_o orchades_n and_o the_o isle_n of_o scotland_n where_o they_o quiet_o abide_v a_o great_a while_n they_o call_v they_o phichtiaid_n that_o be_v to_o say_v phichtiani_fw-la in_o their_o mother_n tongue_n and_o so_o be_v they_o likewise_o call_v in_o the_o scottish_a and_o in_o their_o own_o tongue_n wherefore_o it_o be_v not_o likely_a that_o they_o be_v so_o call_v of_o the_o roman_n for_o paint_v of_o their_o body_n since_o they_o be_v call_v by_o that_o 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biscaya_n &_o pass_v over_o the_o sea_n into_o ireland_n and_o there_o choose_v they_o a_o place_n of_o abode_n both_o we_o and_o their_o own_o writer_n have_v leave_v in_o memory_n but_o by_o what_o cause_n or_o occasion_n they_o be_v call_v scot_n true_o i_o do_v not_o know_v for_o i_o do_v quite_o reject_v the_o egyptian_a fable_n of_o scota_n and_o the_o scota_fw-la self_n same_o language_n and_o the_o very_a same_o manner_n and_o behaviour_n with_o the_o irishman_n and_o that_o they_o be_v call_v of_o the_o britain_n by_o one_o name_n declare_v sufficient_o that_o they_o come_v from_o thence_o for_o the_o southernman_n of_o they_o be_v not_o true_a scot_n but_o bear_v and_o beget_v rather_o of_o englishman_n whereof_o a_o great_a number_a fly_v at_o the_o come_v of_o william_n duke_n of_o normandy_n depart_v into_o scotlan_n and_o do_v boast_n to_o this_o day_n that_o
arfon_n by_o the_o river_n conway_n of_o who_o antoninus_n &_o ptolomaeus_n do_v speak_v under_o the_o name_n of_o novius_fw-la in_o this_o beside_o the_o forename_a river_n stand_v a_o most_o antique_a city_n of_o the_o britain_n call_v dyganwy_n in_o rosse_n of_o the_o englishman_n gannock_n &_o ▪_o famous_a in_o tacitus_n by_o the_o name_n of_o cangorum_fw-la whereof_o the_o people_n of_o that_o country_n be_v call_v of_o the_o roman_n cangi_n and_o ptolomaeus_n mention_v the_o promontory_n of_o the_o jangani_fw-la which_o they_o call_v now_o gogarth_n a_o place_n so_o fortify_v by_o nature_n that_o it_o can_v scarce_o be_v take_v by_o man_n strength_n this_o city_n as_o i_o say_v be_v the_o seat_n and_o palace_n of_o the_o late_a king_n of_o britain_n when_o as_o now_o their_o power_n begin_v to_o quail_v as_o namely_o of_o maylgun_v caduanus_fw-la cadwalla_n who_o bede_n term_v a_o most_o cruel_a tyrant_n because_o he_o persecute_v his_o enemy_n very_o fierce_o and_o of_o cadwalladar_n who_o be_v the_o last_o king_n of_o britain_n of_o the_o british_a blood_n this_o city_n the_o year_n of_o our_o redemption_n eight_o hundred_o and_o sixteen_o cananus_n dyndaythuy_n reign_v in_o wales_n be_v strike_v with_o lighten_v from_o heaven_n and_o burn_v in_o such_o sort_n that_o it_o can_v never_o be_v afterward_o restore_v howbeit_o the_o name_n remain_v to_o the_o place_n to_o this_o day_n out_o o●_n who_o rubbish_n conovia_n be_v build_v lincoln_n moreover_o in_o this_o territory_n in_o rhyfaniacum_fw-la henry_n lacey_n earl_n of_o lincoln_n to_o who_o the_o conquer_v our_o thereof_o edward_n the_o first_o give_v that_o land_n erect_v a_o very_a stout_a castle_n not_o only_o by_o natural_a situation_n but_o also_o by_o a_o wall_n of_o wonderful_a thickness_n make_v of_o a_o very_a hard_a kind_n of_o stone_n in_o my_o opinion_n the_o strong_a and_o best_a defense_a thing_n in_o england_n add_v also_o thereto_o a_o town_n wall_v about_o which_o by_o the_o 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tongue_n and_o be_v endue_v by_o king_n of_o england_n with_o many_o privilege_n and_o liberty_n be_v rule_v by_o their_o own_o law_n the_o valley_n nigh_o whereto_o this_o town_n stand_v be_v term_v amongst_o we_o dyphryn_n clwyd_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o ualley_n of_o clwyd_n it_o be_v almost_o eighteen_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o in_o breadth_n in_o some_o place_n four_o mile_n in_o other_o some_o six_o on_o the_o east_n west_n and_o south_n side_n it_o be_v environ_v with_o high_a hill_n on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o ocean_n sea._n in_o the_o midst_n it_o be_v cut_v in_o twain_o by_o the_o river_n clwyd_n whereof_o it_o take_v name_n into_o who_o diverse_a other_o little_a stream_n fall_a out_o of_o the_o hill_n do_v discharge_v themselves_o by_o reason_n whereof_o irriguous_a and_o pleasant_a meadow_n &_o plentiful_a pasture_n do_v lie_v about_o the_o bank_n thereof_o in_o the_o entrance_n of_o which_o ualley_n ruthyn_n a_o ancient_a town_n and_o castle_n of_o the_o gray_n 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unto_o the_o twenty_o when_o the_o roman_n follow_v the_o nicene_n counsel_n keep_v their_o easter_n from_o the_o fifteen_o to_o the_o one_o and_o twenty_o whereby_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o these_o nation_n have_v celebrate_v that_o feast_n on_o diverse_a sunday_n but_o let_v the_o bishop_n take_v regard_n how_o far_o they_o do_v err_v from_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o nicene_n counsel_n while_o they_o follow_v that_o uncertain_a rule_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o son_n and_o moon_n which_o they_o call_v the_o golden_a reprove_v number_n be_v therein_o very_o foul_o deceive_v which_o thing_n in_o time_n paste_v be_v object_v for_o a_o crime_n against_o the_o britain_n by_o the_o over_o superstitious_a mounke_n augustine_n and_o likewise_o by_o bede_n which_o to_o much_o attribute_v unto_o such_o title_n in_o somuch_o that_o for_o the_o same_o cause_n he_o dare_v term_v they_o heretic_n but_o now_o howbeit_o under_o curse_n of_o the_o nicene_n counsel_n it_o be_v otherwise_o 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strat_n with_o the_o name_n of_o some_o river_n join_v thereto_o do_v usual_o signify_v amongst_o the_o welsh_a man_n a_o vein_n or_o soil_n of_o land_n nigh_o to_o a_o river_n as_o strad_n alyn_n strad_n towyn_n with_o many_o such_o like_a their_o last_o prince_n call_v dunwallon_n forsake_v his_o kingdom_n dunwallon_n when_o the_o dane_n afflict_v all_o britain_n depart_v to_o rome_n the_o year_n after_o the_o incarnation_n 971._o where_o short_o after_o he_o die_v in_o tegenia_n be_v a_o well_o of_o a_o marvellous_a nature_n which_o be_v six_o mile_n from_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o parish_n of_o kilken_a ebb_v and_o flow_v twice_o in_o one_o day_n yet_o have_v i_o mark_v this_o of_o late_a when_o the_o moon_n ascend_v from_o the_o east_n horizon_n to_o the_o south_n at_o what_o time_n all_o sea_n do_v flow_v that_o then_o the_o water_n of_o this_o well_o diminish_v and_o ebb_v and_o not_o far_o from_o this_o place_n be_v the_o famous_a fountain_n take_v name_n of_o the_o 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