and_o he_o shall_v find_v they_o manage_v much_o after_o the_o same_o rate_n nor_o have_v these_o difference_n only_o divide_v these_o monarchy_n where_o the_o succession_n be_v never_o well_o settle_v at_o first_o but_o even_o those_o that_o have_v be_v better_o constitute_v and_o where_o one_o will_v belieev_v the_o descent_n of_o the_o crown_n have_v be_v sufficient_o settle_v by_o a_o long_a descent_n of_o king_n for_o many_o hundred_o of_o year_n and_o of_o this_o scotland_n have_v be_v a_o famous_a example_n where_o after_o the_o death_n of_o king_n alexander_n iii_o and_o his_o grandaughter_n margaret_n of_o norway_n two_o or_o three_o several_a competitor_n claim_v a_o right_a to_o succeed_v but_o omit_v other_o it_o be_v agree_v that_o it_o lay_v between_o john_n baylliol_n and_o robert_n bruce_n earl_n of_o carick_n both_o of_o they_o draw_v their_o descent_n from_o david_n earl_n of_o huntingdon_n great_a uncle_n to_o the_o last_o king_n in_o who_o they_o all_o agree_v the_o right_n to_o the_o crown_n will_v have_v be_v have_v he_o survive_v baylliol_n claim_v as_o elder_a son_n to_o dornagilla_n grandaughter_n to_o margaret_n the_o elder_a daughter_n of_o the_o say_a earl_n david_n robert_n bruce_n claim_v as_o elder_a son_n of_o isabel_n the_o second_o daughter_n of_o the_o say_v david_n so_o that_o if_o baylliol_n allege_v his_o descent_n from_o the_o elder_a daughter_n bruce_n be_v not_o behindhand_o but_o plead_v though_o it_o be_v true_a he_o be_v descend_v but_o from_o the_o second_o daughter_n yet_o he_o be_v a_o grandson_n and_o a_o degree_n near_o aught_o to_o succeed_v whereas_o baylliol_n be_v but_o great_a grandson_n to_o earl_n david_n and_o though_o dornagilla_n baylliol_n mother_n be_v in_o the_o same_o degree_n with_o himself_o yet_o he_o be_v a_o man_n aught_o to_o be_v prefer_v before_o a_o woman_n in_o the_o same_o line_n and_o that_o if_o the_o law_n of_o scotland_n will_v have_v give_v it_o to_o dornagilla_n if_o it_o have_v be_v a_o ordinary_a inheritance_n yet_o descent_n of_o the_o crown_n be_v not_o to_o be_v rule_v by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o other_o inheritance_n in_o short_a this_o dispute_n do_v so_o divide_v the_o nobility_n into_o faction_n and_o puzzle_v the_o estate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o not_o be_v able_a to_o decide_v it_o they_o and_o all_o the_o competitor_n agree_v to_o refer_v the_o controversy_n to_o edward_n i._o king_n of_o england_n one_o of_o the_o wise_a and_o most_o powerful_a prince_n of_o his_o time_n who_o upon_o long_a advice_n and_o debate_n with_o twelve_o of_o the_o learnede_a man_n of_o both_o kingdom_n at_o last_o adjudge_v the_o crown_n to_o baylliol_n or_o as_o the_o scotch_a historian_n relate_v because_o he_o will_v do_v he_o homage_n for_o it_o which_o bruce_n be_v of_o a_o high_a spirit_n refuse_v yet_o this_o do_v not_o put_v a_o end_n to_o this_o great_a controversy_n for_o though_o baylliol_n be_v thereupon_o admit_v king_n yet_o fall_v out_o not_o long_o after_o with_o king_n edward_n to_o who_o he_o owe_v all_o his_o greatness_n and_o have_v the_o worst_a of_o it_o the_o nobility_n and_o state_n of_o scotland_n revive_v bruce_n title_n and_o declare_v he_o king_n who_o after_o a_o long_a war_n with_o england_n enjoy_v the_o crown_n quiet_o at_o last_o and_o leave_v it_o to_o his_o issue_n who_o posterity_n in_o our_o present_a king_n enjoy_v it_o to_o this_o day_n to_o this_o i_o shall_v add_v one_o example_n more_o from_o portugal_n within_o these_o hundred_o year_n king_n henry_n call_v the_o cardinal_n die_v without_o issue_n there_o be_v a_o great_a controversy_n who_o shall_v succeed_v for_o he_o die_v sudden_o just_a as_o the_o state_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v assemble_v to_o settle_v the_o succession_n for_o he_o declare_v himself_o unable_a to_o decide_v it_o so_o that_o he_o only_o leave_v by_o his_o will_n twelve_o governor_n of_o the_o kingdom_n who_o shall_v govern_v during_o the_o interregnum_fw-la but_o that_o the_o crown_n shall_v descend_v to_o he_o that_o shall_v appear_v to_o they_o to_o have_v the_o best_a title_n four_o eminent_a competitor_n put_v in_o their_o claim_n 1._o antonio_n call_v the_o bastard_n who_o nevertheless_o pretend_v that_o he_o be_v lawful_a son_n to_o don_n lewis_n second_o brother_n to_o henry_n the_o last_o king_n so_o that_o he_o have_v no_o more_o to_o do_v but_o to_o prove_v himself_o legitimate_a 2._o alexander_n duke_n of_o parma_n who_o claim_v as_o grandson_n to_o mary_n elder_a daughter_n to_o don_n duarte_n young_a brother_n to_o the_o last_o king_n henry_n and_o son_n to_o king_n emanuel_n 3._o the_o duke_n of_o braganza_n who_o claim_v as_o son_n to_o katherine_n second_o daughter_n of_o the_o say_a don_n duarte_n yet_o allege_v his_o title_n to_o be_v best_a because_o he_o be_v the_o next_o of_o the_o bloud-royal_a who_o be_v a_o native_a of_o portugal_n as_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o crown_n as_o he_o pretend_v aught_o to_o be_v by_o a_o fundamental_a law_n of_o that_o kingdom_n yet_o it_o seem_v that_o law_n be_v not_o then_o so_o well_o know_v or_o otherwise_o there_o be_v no_o reason_n why_o these_o governor_n shall_v not_o have_v admit_v he_o king_n as_o soon_o as_o ever_o they_o meet_v 4._o philip_n the_o second_o king_n of_o spain_n who_o claim_v as_o son_n to_o isabel_n daughter_n of_o emanuel_n king_n of_o portugal_n and_o so_o a_o degree_n near_o than_o the_o rest_n to_o henry_n the_o last_o king_n the_o state_n and_o governor_n differ_v the_o state_n be_v dissolve_v and_o during_o their_o recess_n the_o governor_n not_o agree_v among_o themselves_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n raise_v a_o army_n and_o enter_v portugal_n seize_v the_o city_n of_o lisbon_n and_o consequent_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n submit_v to_o he_o and_o so_o make_v himself_o king_n by_o force_n and_o yet_o we_o have_v see_v in_o his_o grandson_n time_n the_o estate_n of_o portugal_n declare_v this_o title_n void_a and_o the_o crown_n settle_v in_o the_o posterity_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o braganza_n who_o still_o enjoy_v it_o by_o virtue_n of_o this_o fundamental_a law_n and_o that_o this_o fundamental_a law_n can_v not_o be_v alter_v but_o by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o cortes_n or_o state_n appear_v by_o the_o late_a alteration_n of_o this_o constitution_n upon_o the_o treaty_n of_o marriage_n of_o the_o present_a prince_n regent_n daughter_n with_o the_o duke_n of_o savoy_n and_o how_o much_o even_a king_n themselves_o have_v attribute_v to_o the_o authority_n of_o their_o estate_n appear_v by_o the_o league_n make_v between_o philip_n the_o long_a king_n of_o france_n and_o david_n king_n of_o scot_n wherein_o this_o condition_n be_v express_v that_o if_o there_o shall_v happen_v any_o difference_n about_o the_o succession_n in_o either_o of_o these_o realm_n he_o of_o the_o two_o king_n which_o remain_v alive_a shall_v not_o suffer_v any_o to_o place_n himself_o on_o the_o throne_n but_o he_o who_o shall_v have_v the_o judgement_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o his_o side_n and_o then_o he_o shall_v with_o all_o his_o power_n oppose_v he_o who_o will_v after_o this_o contest_v for_o the_o crown_n so_o that_o our_o author_n without_o cause_n lay_v the_o fault_n upon_o the_o wilful_a ignorance_n of_o the_o people_n in_o not_o remember_v or_o acknowledge_v the_o right_a heir_n of_o the_o crown_n when_o the_o able_a and_o wise_a man_n of_o the_o age_n they_o live_v in_o can_v not_o by_o the_o mere_a law_n of_o nature_n and_o reason_n determine_v which_o be_v he_o and_o our_o author_n shall_v have_v do_v well_o to_o have_v set_v down_o some_o certain_a rule_n how_o the_o people_n may_v be_v assure_v without_o a_o positive_a law_n before_o make_v that_o they_o acknowledge_v the_o right_a heir_n and_o not_o a_o usurper_n to_o his_o prejudice_n chap._n ii_o observation_n on_o the_o direction_n for_o obedience_n in_o doubtful_a time_n and_o other_o place_n of_o his_o patriarcha_fw-la and_o other_o treatise_n but_o since_o this_o author_n rather_o than_o the_o disposal_n of_o a_o crown_n shall_v fall_v to_o the_o decision_n of_o the_o people_n or_o state_n of_o the_o kingdom_n will_v give_v a_o usurper_n a_o good_a right_n to_o it_o against_o all_o person_n but_o he_o that_o have_v the_o right_a we_o will_v now_o examine_v how_o much_o of_o that_o be_v true_a which_o he_o lay_v down_o in_o his_o direction_n for_o obedience_n to_o governor_n in_o doubtful_a time_n and_o how_o far_o man_n be_v bind_v in_o conscience_n to_o obey_v a_o usurper_n whilst_o he_o that_o have_v right_o be_v keep_v out_o by_o he_o first_o he_o take_v it_o for_o grant_v that_o all_o those_o that_o so_o eager_o strive_v for_o a_o original_a power_n to_o be_v in_o the_o people_n do_v with_o one_o accord_n acknowledge_v that_o original_o the_o supreme_a power_n be_v
or_o record_n the_o prince_n in_o be_v have_v only_o a_o right_n from_o possession_n and_o can_v never_o create_v himself_o a_o title_n by_o the_o continuation_n of_o his_o own_o injustice_n or_o command_v any_o of_o his_o subject_n to_o fight_v against_o this_o true_a heir_n since_o they_o be_v to_o obey_v this_o usurper_n p._n 72._o or_o his_o heir_n only_o in_o such_o thing_n as_o tend_v to_o their_o own_o preservation_n and_o not_o to_o the_o destruction_n of_o the_o true_a governor_n by_o which_o principle_n the_o author_n at_o once_o render_v the_o title_n of_o all_o the_o crown_n in_o europe_n disputable_a and_o all_o allegiance_n uncertain_a and_o questionable_a by_o their_o subject_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v in_o several_a instance_n as_o i_o shall_v prove_v from_o history_n of_o unquestionable_a credit_n i_o shall_v begin_v with_o our_o own_o country_n england_n if_o therefore_o as_o the_o author_n will_v have_v it_o p._n 69._o the_o usurper_n be_v only_o then_o to_o be_v take_v for_o the_o true_a heir_n when_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o right_a heir_n be_v lose_v by_o all_o the_o subject_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o all_o the_o king_n and_o queen_n that_o reign_v in_o england_n until_o the_o come_n in_o of_o k._n james_n be_v usurper_n for_o the_o right_n of_o succession_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n can_v not_o be_v obtain_v by_o conquest_n alone_o and_o i_o suppose_v this_o author_n do_v not_o allow_v it_o to_o be_v bequeathable_a by_o will_n as_o long_o as_o the_o right_a heir_n be_v in_o be_v and_o can_v be_v know_v from_o authentic_a history_n and_o tradition_n now_o the_o right_n of_o the_o crown_n by_o descent_n belong_v after_o the_o death_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n to_o edgar_n atheling_n his_o cousin_n he_o die_v without_o issue_n the_o right_o fall_v to_o maud_n his_o sister_n who_o marry_v malcolm_n iii_n 7._o buchanan_n de_fw-fr rebus_fw-la scoticus_n lib._n 7._o king_n of_o scotland_n and_o though_o her_o daughter_n maud_n be_v marry_v to_o henry_n the_o first_o king_n of_o england_n from_o who_o all_o our_o king_n be_v descend_v yet_o the_o right_n be_v not_o in_o she_o but_o in_o edgar_n king_n of_o scotland_n her_o brother_n from_o who_o all_o the_o king_n of_o scotland_n to_o king_n james_n be_v descend_v it_o be_v true_a the_o king_n of_o scotland_n be_v too_o wise_a ever_o to_o set_v up_o this_o title_n because_o they_o know_v the_o norman_a race_n be_v quiet_o possess_v of_o the_o throne_n and_o have_v be_v admit_v and_o confirm_v for_o lawful_a king_n by_o many_o great_a council_n or_o assembly_n of_o the_o clergy_n nobility_n and_o people_n yet_o do_v not_o this_o absolve_v the_o people_n who_o may_v very_o well_o retain_v the_o traditional_a knowledge_n of_o this_o right_a heir_n for_o divine_a right_n never_o die_v nor_o can_v be_v lose_v or_o take_v away_o or_o bar_v by_o prescription_n so_o that_o all_o law_n which_o be_v make_v to_o confirm_v the_o crown_n either_o to_o henry_n i._o or_o any_o of_o his_o descendant_n be_v absolute_o void_a and_o unlawful_a by_o our_o author_n principle_n and_o so_o likewise_o all_o war_n make_v against_o the_o king_n of_o scotland_n in_o person_n be_v absolute_o sinful_a and_o unlawful_a since_o according_a to_o this_o author_n principle_n the_o command_n of_o a_o usurper_n be_v not_o to_o be_v obey_v in_o any_o thing_n tend_v to_o the_o destruction_n of_o the_o person_n of_o the_o true_a governor_n so_o by_o the_o same_o principle_n all_o law_n make_v in_o france_n about_o the_o succession_n of_o the_o crown_n be_v absolute_o void_a and_o it_o will_v be_v a_o mortal_a sin_n in_o the_o french_a nation_n to_o resist_v any_o king_n of_o england_n of_o this_o line_n if_o he_o shall_v make_v war_n in_o person_n upon_o the_o french_a king_n then_o in_o be_v since_o according_a to_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o descent_n in_o that_o kingdom_n he_o be_v true_a heir_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n nor_o can_v the_o french_a here_o plead_v ignorance_n since_o there_o be_v scarce_o a_o peasant_n there_o but_o know_v our_o king_n style_v himself_o king_n of_o france_n and_o quarter_n the_o arm_n of_o that_o kingdom_n and_o so_o ought_v to_o understand_v the_o justness_n of_o his_o title_n so_o likewise_o in_o spain_n 7._o mariana_n de_fw-fr rebus_fw-la hisp_n lib._n 13_o cap._n 7._o all_o the_o king_n of_o castille_n be_v likewise_o by_o this_o rule_n usurper_n since_o the_o time_n of_o sancho_n iii_n who_o succeed_v to_o the_o crown_n after_o the_o death_n of_o alphonso_n v_n his_o father_n who_o have_v bequeath_v it_o to_o alphonso_n and_o ferdinand_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr cerda_n his_o grandson_n by_o ferdinand_n his_o elder_a son_n who_o die_v before_o he_o yet_o notwithstanding_o this_o testament_n and_o their_o right_n as_o represent_v their_o father_n the_o elder_a brother_n sancho_n their_o uncle_n be_v admit_v as_o king_n by_o the_o estate_n of_o castille_n and_o his_o descendant_n hold_v that_o kingdom_n by_o no_o better_a right_n to_o this_o day_n nor_o be_v this_o a_o thing_n stale_a or_o forget_v for_o the_o duke_n of_o medina_n coeli_fw-la on_o who_o by_o marriage_n of_o the_o heiress_n of_o the_o house_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr cerda_n the_o right_a descend_v do_v constant_o put_v in_o their_o claim_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o every_o king_n of_o spain_n and_o the_o answer_n be_v the_o place_n be_v full_a nor_o can_v those_o of_o this_o author_n opinion_n plead_v possession_n or_o the_o several_a law_n that_o have_v be_v make_v to_o confirm_v the_o crown_n to_o the_o first_o usurper_n and_o their_o descendant_n for_o it_o will_v be_v reply_v out_o of_o this_o author_n p._n 70._o that_o the_o right_a heir_n have_v the_o fatherly_a power_n in_o he_o and_o so_o have_v his_o authority_n from_o god_n no_o inferior_a power_n can_v make_v any_o law_n of_o prescription_n against_o he_o and_o nullum_fw-la tempus_fw-la ocurrit_fw-la regi_fw-la and_o this_o be_v to_o make_v the_o crown_n elective_a and_o disposable_a according_a to_o the_o will_n of_o the_o estate_n or_o people_n i_o shall_v now_o return_v to_o the_o author_n distinction_n and_o show_v that_o his_o distinguish_v the_o law_n or_o command_n of_o usurper_n into_o indifferent_a or_o not_o indifferent_a signify_v nothing_o for_o suppose_v that_o a_o usurper_n as_o several_a have_v be_v in_o england_n and_o other_o kingdom_n either_o dare_v not_o or_o think_v it_o not_o for_o his_o interest_n to_o alter_v the_o form_n of_o the_o government_n but_o be_v content_v for_o his_o own_o safety_n to_o govern_v upon_o the_o same_o term_n his_o predecessor_n do_v and_o so_o will_v not_o raise_v any_o money_n or_o make_v new_a law_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o estate_n who_o he_o summon_v for_o that_o purpose_n now_o they_o must_v either_o obey_v his_o writ_n of_o summons_n or_o they_o must_v not_o if_o they_o do_v not_o obey_v they_o he_o will_v perhaps_o be_v encourage_v to_o take_v their_o good_n by_o force_n perhaps_o by_o a_o stand_a army_n which_o he_o may_v have_v ready_a in_o pay_n and_o then_o say_v it_o be_v long_o of_o their_o own_o stubbornness_n who_o will_v not_o give_v it_o he_o free_o when_o they_o may_v have_v do_v it_o and_o they_o shall_v likewise_o be_v without_o these_o good_a law_n the_o author_n suppose_v he_o may_v make_v but_o if_o they_o meet_v he_o will_v not_o let_v they_o sit_v unless_o they_o first_o by_o some_o oath_n or_o recognition_n acknowledge_v his_o title_n to_o be_v good_a and_o own_v he_o as_o their_o lawful_a prince_n now_o what_o shall_v they_o do_v in_o this_o case_n they_o must_v either_o lose_v their_o liberty_n and_o alter_v the_o form_n of_o the_o government_n or_o acknowledge_v he_o to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o their_o lawful_a prince_n but_o if_o the_o law_n be_v once_o make_v and_o they_o appear_v evident_o for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n they_o then_o be_v no_o long_o indifferent_a since_o all_o private_a interest_n be_v to_o give_v place_n to_o the_o public_a good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n since_o in_o the_o instance_n before_o give_v of_o the_o father_n of_o a_o family_n be_v be_v drive_v out_o of_o door_n by_o a_o robber_n no_o doubt_n but_o every_o member_n of_o the_o family_n ought_v to_o obey_v this_o rogue_n in_o case_n the_o house_n shall_v be_v on_o fire_n or_o ready_a to_o fall_v and_o he_o will_v take_v upon_o he_o to_o give_v order_n for_o the_o quench_n or_o secure_v it_o from_o fall_v for_o they_o do_v this_o not_o to_o own_o his_o authority_n but_o from_o the_o obligation_n they_o owe_v to_o their_o father_n or_o master_n who_o will_v have_v do_v the_o same_o have_v he_o be_v at_o home_n so_o to_o obey_v law_n make_v by_o a_o usurper_n that_o tend_v to_o the_o apparent_a benefit_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v not_o
and_o if_o that_o condescent_n be_v a_o act_n of_o grace_n do_v not_o this_o condescent_n to_o a_o limitation_n come_v from_o the_o free_a determination_n of_o the_o monarch_n will_n if_o he_o either_o formal_o or_o virtual_o as_o the_o author_n suppose_v desert_n his_o absolute_a or_o arbitrary_a power_n which_o he_o have_v by_o conquest_n or_o other_o right_n which_o last_o word_n of_o mr._n h._n though_o i_o confess_v they_o be_v ill_o express_v yet_o i_o see_v no_o down_n right_a contradiction_n in_o the_o sense_n mr._n h._n mean_v they_o if_o any_o man_n please_v to_o consult_v he_o he_o there_o say_v that_o a_o monarch_n may_v either_o be_v limit_v by_o original_a constitution_n or_o a_o after_o condescent_n therefore_o these_o word_n the_o sole_a mean_n of_o sovereignty_n be_v the_o consent_n and_o fundamental_a contract_n be_v not_o mean_v of_o a_o limit_a monarchy_n any_o more_o than_o of_o another_o but_o of_o any_o sovereignty_n whatever_o so_o likewife_n though_o these_o word_n a_o secundary_a original_a constitution_n may_v seem_v to_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o to_o destroy_v each_o other_o yet_o as_o the_o author_n explain_v himself_o you_o will_v find_v they_o do_v not_o in_o sense_n for_o he_o only_o suppose_v that_o a_o prince_n who_o have_v a_o absolute_a arbitrary_a power_n either_o by_o succession_n or_o election_n find_v it_o not_o so_o safe_a and_o easy_a as_o he_o conceive_v it_o will_v be_v for_o he_o if_o he_o come_v to_o new_a term_n with_o his_o people_n will_v desert_n some_o of_o that_o despotic_a power_n and_o govern_v by_o let_v rule_n or_o law_n which_o he_o oblige_v himself_o and_o his_o successor_n by_o oath_n or_o some_o other_o condition_n never_o to_o make_v or_o alter_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o his_o subject_n i_o see_v not_o why_o this_o may_v not_o in_o one_o sense_n be_v call_v a_o second_o original_a constitution_n for_o he_o be_v at_o first_o a_o absolute_a king_n by_o which_o be_v the_o original_a constitution_n and_o his_o come_n to_o new_a term_n with_o they_o may_v be_v term_v in_o respect_n of_o this_o a_o secundary_a original_a constitution_n or_o agreement_n of_o the_o government_n though_o found_v upon_o the_o former_a old_a right_n which_o the_o monarch_n have_v to_o govern_v as_o for_o a_o king_n by_o conquest_n it_o can_v indeed_o in_o respect_n of_o he_o be_v proper_o call_v a_o secundary_a constitution_n since_o the_o conqueror_n have_v no_o right_a to_o claim_v a_o absolute_a subjection_n from_o the_o subject_n until_o they_o submit_v to_o he_o so_o as_o that_o they_o may_v not_o drive_v he_o out_o again_o if_o they_o be_v able_a until_o he_o come_v to_o some_o term_n with_o they_o thus_o i_o think_v no_o sober_a man_n but_o will_v maintain_v that_o the_o people_n of_o england_n may_v lawful_o have_v drive_v out_o william_n i._o call_v the_o conqueror_n suppose_v he_o have_v claim_v by_o no_o other_o title_n but_o conquest_n alone_o which_o when_o he_o have_v swear_v to_o observe_v and_o maintain_v all_o the_o law_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o people_n of_o england_n and_o have_v be_v thereupon_o crown_v and_o receive_v as_o king_n and_o have_v quit_v his_o pretension_n by_o conquest_n or_o force_n and_o have_v take_v the_o oath_n and_o homage_n of_o the_o clergy_n nobility_n and_o people_n they_o can_v not_o then_o without_o rebellion_n endeavour_v to_o do_v and_o certain_o have_v he_o not_o think_v his_o title_n by_o conquest_n not_o so_o good_a as_o the_o other_o of_o king_n edward_n testament_n he_o will_v never_o have_v quit_v the_o former_a and_o swear_v to_o observe_v the_o law_n of_o his_o predecessor_n so_o likewise_o henry_n i._o paris_n mat._n paris_n from_o who_o all_o the_o king_n and_o queen_n of_o england_n have_v since_o claim_v upon_o his_o election_n and_o coronation_n for_o other_o title_n he_o have_v none_o grant_v a_o charter_n whereby_o he_o renounce_v divers_a illegal_a practice_n which_o flatterer_n may_v call_v prerogative_n which_o his_o father_n and_o brother_n have_v exercise_v contrary_a to_o king_n edward_n law_n and_o their_o own_o coronation_n oath_n so_o that_o here_o be_v a_o example_n of_o one_o of_o the_o author_n absolute_a monarch_n who_o by_o a_o right_n of_o conquest_n may_v pretend_v to_o the_o exercise_n of_o a_o arbitrary_a power_n yet_o renounce_v it_o and_o only_o retain_v so_o much_o as_o may_v serve_v for_o the_o well_o govern_v of_o his_o subject_n and_o his_o own_o security_n it_o be_v not_o therefore_o true_a which_o this_o author_n affirm_v that_o this_o accept_v of_o so_o much_o power_n as_o the_o people_n please_v to_o give_v he_o since_o they_o neither_o desire_v nor_o do_v he_o grant_v they_o any_o more_o but_o those_o just_a right_n they_o have_v long_o before_o enjoy_v under_o their_o former_a king_n before_o his_o father_n come_v into_o england_n however_o i_o conceive_v this_o wise_a prince_n be_v of_o the_o opinion_n of_o theopompus_n king_n of_o lacedaemon_n lycurgo_n plut._n in_o lycurgo_n who_o when_o his_o wife_n upbraid_v he_o that_o he_o will_v leave_v the_o royal_a dignity_n to_o his_o son_n less_o than_o he_o find_v it_o no_o rather_o reply_v he_o great_a as_o more_o durable_a and_o therefore_o plutarch_n in_o the_o same_o place_n ascribe_v the_o long_a continuance_n of_o the_o lacedaemonian_a kingdom_n to_o the_o limit_a power_n of_o their_o king_n in_o these_o word_n '_o and_o indeed_o when_o envy_n be_v remove_v from_o king_n together_o with_o excess_n of_o power_n it_o follow_v that_o they_o have_v no_o cause_n to_o fear_v that_o which_o happen_v to_o the_o king_n of_o the_o massenians_n and_o argive_n from_o their_o subject_n but_o because_o this_o author_n tell_v mr._n h._n that_o if_o we_o shall_v ask_v what_o proof_n or_o example_n he_o have_v to_o justify_v his_o doctrine_n of_o a_o limit_a monarchy_n in_o the_o constitution_n he_o will_v be_v as_o mute_a as_o a_o fish_n we_o will_v show_v two_o or_o three_o example_n of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o such_o limit_a monarchy_n though_o they_o be_v not_o of_o the_o same_o model_n with_o those_o that_o be_v at_o this_o day_n find_v among_o the_o german_n and_o other_o northern_a nation_n descend_v from_o thence_o in_o macedon_n the_o king_n descend_v of_o caranus_n as_o callisthenes_n say_v in_o arrian_n do_v obtain_v a_o empire_n over_o the_o macedonian_n not_o by_o force_n but_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d by_o law_n so_o curtius_n lib._n iu._n the_o macedonian_n be_v use_v to_o kingly_a government_n but_o in_o a_o great_a appearance_n of_o liberty_n than_o other_o nation_n for_o it_o be_v certain_a the_o life_n of_o their_o subject_n be_v not_o at_o their_o disposal_n as_o appear_v from_o the_o same_o author_n lib._n vi_o the_o army_n by_o a_o ancient_a custom_n of_o the_o macedonian_n do_v judge_n of_o capital_a cause_n i._n e._n in_o time_n of_o war_n but_o in_o peace_n it_o belong_v to_o the_o people_n the_o power_n of_o their_o king_n signify_v little_a unless_o his_o authority_n be_v before_o of_o some_o force_n and_o this_o be_v by_o original_a constitution_n for_o we_o do_v not_o find_v that_o ever_o the_o king_n of_o macedon_n alter_v any_o thing_n in_o their_o original_a constitution_n yet_o they_o have_v the_o sovereignty_n in_o most_o thing_n and_o their_o person_n be_v sacred_a so_o likewise_o among_o the_o ancient_a roman_n where_o romulus_n from_o a_o captain_n of_o volunteer_n become_v a_o king_n dyonisius_n halicar_n lib._n ii_o tell_v we_o that_o after_o romulus_n have_v make_v a_o speech_n to_o his_o soldier_n and_o follower_n to_o this_o effect_n that_o he_o leave_v it_o to_o they_o to_o consider_v what_o government_n they_o will_v choose_v for_o whatsoever_o they_o pitch_v upon_o he_o shall_v submit_v to_o it_o and_o though_o he_o do_v think_v himself_o unworthy_a the_o principality_n yet_o he_o shall_v not_o refuse_v to_o obey_v their_o command_n conclude_v that_o he_o think_v it_o a_o honour_n for_o he_o to_o have_v be_v declare_v the_o leader_n of_o so_o great_a a_o colony_n and_o to_o have_v a_o city_n call_v by_o his_o name_n whereupon_o the_o people_n after_o some_o deliberation_n among_o themselves_o choose_v he_o their_o king_n or_o limit_a monarch_n since_o both_o the_o senate_n and_o people_n have_v from_o the_o very_a beginning_n their_o particular_a share_n in_o the_o government_n the_o senate_n make_v this_o great_a counsel_n which_o yet_o be_v for_o the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o choose_v out_o of_o the_o patrician_n by_o the_o tribe_n 11._o dyon_n hal._n lib._n 11._o and_o curiae_fw-la with_o these_o he_o consult_v and_o refer_v all_o business_n of_o lesser_a moment_n which_o he_o do_v not_o care_n to_o dispatch_v himself_o for_o be_v reserve_v to_o himself_o the_o last_o appeal_n in_o cause_n and_o to_o be_v pontifex_n maximus_n or_o chief_a priest_n and_o preserver_n
comitum_fw-la &_o omnium_fw-la sapientum_fw-la seniorum_fw-la &_o populorum_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o whoever_o will_v but_o examine_v the_o say_a collection_n of_o sr._n henry_n spelman_n will_v find_v almost_o all_o the_o ecclesiastical_a constitution_n confirm_v if_o not_o make_v in_o the_o wittena_n gemote_a the_o great_a synod_n or_o council_n so_o that_o what_o this_o author_n say_v of_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o several_a kingdom_n during_o the_o heptarchy_n make_v nothing_o against_o we_o as_o long_o as_o we_o can_v prove_v that_o in_o the_o main_a the_o government_n of_o they_o all_o be_v alike_o in_o the_o three_o great_a liberty_n of_o the_o subject_n viz._n trial_n by_o a_o man_n equal_n and_o absolute_a propriety_n in_o land_n and_o good_n which_o the_o king_n can_v not_o just_o take_v from_o they_o and_o a_o right_a to_o join_v in_o the_o make_n of_o all_o law_n and_o raise_v public_a tax_n or_o contribution_n for_o war._n so_o that_o without_o doubt_v these_o wittena_n gemote_n or_o great_a council_n be_v ordain_v for_o some_o noble_a and_o high_a purpose_n then_o either_o to_o give_v the_o king_n advice_n what_o war_n to_o make_v or_o what_o law_n to_o make_v or_o bare_o to_o remonstrate_v their_o grievance_n as_o this_o and_o some_o other_o modern_a author_n will_v have_v it_o for_o what_o king_n will_v call_v so_o great_a a_o multitude_n those_o ancient_a parliament_n consist_v of_o to_o be_v his_o councillor_n or_o will_v call_v together_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o a_o nation_n only_o to_o be_v make_v acquaint_v with_o their_o grievance_n which_o he_o may_v have_v know_v with_o great_a ease_n to_o himself_o and_o less_o charge_n to_o the_o subject_n by_o have_v they_o find_v by_o the_o grand_a inquest_n in_o the_o county-court_n and_o so_o to_o have_v be_v present_v to_o he_o by_o the_o earl_n or_o alderman_n of_o each_o particular_a county_n whereas_o we_o find_v these_o great_a council_n employ_v in_o business_n of_o a_o high_a nature_n such_o as_o the_o confirmation_n of_o the_o king_n charter_n the_o propose_v of_o law_n the_o election_n of_o archbishop_n &_o other_o great_a officer_n so_o that_o the_o high_a any_o man_n will_v look_v back_o the_o more_o large_a &_o uncontrollable_a he_o will_v find_v the_o power_n of_o this_o great_a assembly_n since_o before_o the_o conquest_n and_o afterward_o too_o we_o find_v they_o to_o have_v often_o elect_v king_n when_o the_o child_n of_o their_o last_o king_n be_v either_o minor_n or_o suppose_a unfit_a to_o govern._n so_o that_o whoever_o will_v take_v the_o pain_n to_o consult_v our_o ancient_a saxon_a and_o english_a historian_n will_v find_v that_o there_o be_v never_o ancient_o any_o fundamental_a or_o unalterable_a law_n of_o succession_n nor_o be_v it_o fix_v for_o any_o two_o descent_n in_o a_o right_a line_n from_o father_n to_o son_n without_o interruption_n until_o henry_n the_o three_o and_o then_o it_o last_v so_o but_o four_o generation_n reckon_v he_o for_o the_o first_o and_o as_o for_o these_o particular_a law_n or_o custom_n the_o author_n mention_n whether_o king_n edgar_n or_o alfred_n first_o collect_v they_o as_o be_v also_o correct_v and_o confirm_v by_o both_o the_o edward_n to_o wit_n the_o elder_a and_o the_o confessor_n they_o still_o owe_v their_o authority_n to_o the_o king_n 1â—9_n vi._n lambert_n de_fw-fr priscis_fw-la anglorum_fw-la legibus_fw-la p._n 1â—9_n and_o his_o baron_n and_o his_o people_n as_o malmesbury_n before_o assert_n as_o for_o the_o danish_a law_n they_o never_o prevail_v but_o in_o those_o country_n which_o the_o dane_n entire_o conquer_a which_o consist_v most_o of_o they_o as_o norfolk_n suffolk_z and_o cambridge-shire_n but_o as_o for_o the_o rest_n of_o england_n it_o be_v govern_v by_o its_o own_o law_n and_o enjoy_v its_o ancient_a custom_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n knute_n and_o his_o successor_n of_o the_o danish_a race_n 146._o see_v the_o charter_n of_o k._n knute_n quote_v by_o mr._n peâ—yt_n in_o his_o say_a treatise_n pag._n 146._o but_o to_o come_v to_o the_o author_n next_o reason_n why_o there_o can_v be_v no_o fundamental_a law_n in_o this_o kingdom_n viz._n because_o the_o common_a law_n be_v unwritten_a doubtful_a and_o difficult_a can_v but_o be_v a_o uncertain_a rule_n to_o govern_v by_o which_o be_v against_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o rule_n which_o always_o ought_v to_o be_v certain_a this_o be_v almost_o the_o same_o argument_n as_o the_o papist_n make_v use_n of_o against_o the_o scripture_n be_v a_o rule_n of_o faith_n only_o their_o reason_n be_v that_o the_o scripture_n be_v obscure_a because_o they_o be_v write_v and_o need_v a_o expositor_n viz._n the_o church_n or_o tradition_n but_o with_o author_n it_o be_v contrary_a the_o law_n be_v doubtful_a because_o unwritten_a whereas_o all_o that_o understand_v any_o thing_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n know_v very_o well_o that_o the_o common_a law_n who_o authority_n depend_v not_o on_o any_o set_a form_n of_o word_n but_o the_o sense_n and_o reason_n of_o the_o law_n be_v much_o less_o doubtful_a and_o make_v few_o dispute_n then_o the_o statute-law_n but_o though_o it_o be_v grant_v that_o many_o thing_n in_o the_o common_a law_n be_v doubtful_a and_o difficult_a yet_o in_o the_o main_n and_o fundamental_a part_n of_o it_o but_o just_a now_o recite_v it_o be_v plain_a enough_o as_o the_o scripture_n though_o doubtful_a or_o obscure_a in_o some_o thing_n yet_o be_v plain_a and_o certain_a in_o all_o point_n necessary_a for_o salvation_n and_o why_o it_o be_v hard_a for_o a_o ordinary_a country_n fellow_n in_o a_o civil_a government_n to_o know_v when_o he_o be_v condemn_v to_o be_v hang_v without_o trial_n or_o to_o have_v his_o good_n or_o money_n take_v from_o he_o by_o a_o fellow_n in_o a_o red-coat_n without_o any_o law_n then_o for_o he_o to_o judge_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n when_o another_o man_n lie_v with_o his_o wife_n or_o go_v about_o to_o rob_v or_o murder_v he_o i_o know_v not_o his_o last_o reason_n against_o make_v common_a law_n only_o to_o be_v the_o foundation_n when_o magna_n charta_n be_v exclude_v from_o be_v according_a to_o mr._n h._n a_o fundamental_a law_n and_o also_o all_o '_o other_o statute_n from_o be_v limitation_n to_o monarchy_n since_o the_o fundamental_a law_n only_o be_v to_o be_v judge_n and_o these_o be_v statute_n law_n or_o superstructure_n this_o be_v also_o mere_a sophistry_n since_o no_o man_n in_o metaphor_n or_o similitude_n ever_o expect_v a_o absolute_a truth_n but_o what_o if_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la be_v fundamental_a law_n before_o either_o king_n stephen_n or_o king_n john_n grant_v it_o and_o that_o they_o do_v but_o restore_v what_o some_o of_o their_o predecessor_n have_v before_o by_o oppression_n take_v from_o their_o subject_n since_o there_o be_v little_a or_o none_o of_o it_o but_o be_v part_n of_o king_n edward_n law_n and_o consequent_o the_o ancient_a saxon_a law_n before_o the_o conquest_n and_o the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v of_o all_o other_o constitution_n in_o limit_a monarchy_n as_o suppose_v in_o denmark_n the_o crown_n which_o be_v before_o elective_a be_v now_o by_o the_o concession_n of_o the_o estate_n become_v successive_a i_o believe_v no_o man_n of_o this_o author_n opinion_n will_v deny_v that_o this_o be_v not_o now_o a_o fundamental_a law_n in_o that_o kingdom_n and_o can_v never_o be_v alter_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o king_n and_o the_o estate_n and_o yet_o this_o be_v a_o law_n that_o follow_v after_o the_o government_n be_v institute_v nor_o can_v i_o see_v any_o reason_n why_o this_o rule_n may_v not_o hold_v as_o well_o on_o the_o people_n side_n as_o the_o king_n why_o rule_n of_o play_n may_v not_o be_v make_v as_o well_o after_o the_o gamester_n be_v in_o at_o play_n as_o when_o they_o first_o begin_v and_o may_v not_o be_v as_o well_o call_v fundamental_a law_n of_o the_o game_n since_o if_o they_o be_v not_o observe_v it_o may_v be_v lawful_a for_o any_o of_o the_o gamester_n to_o fling_v up_o his_o card_n and_o play_v no_o more_o though_o he_o be_v at_o play_n with_o the_o author_n natural_a monarch_n his_o own_o father_n but_o our_o author_n will_v not_o leave_v off_o so_o but_o must_v give_v we_o one_o stab_a paragraph_n more_o against_o fundamental_a law_n which_o be_v thus_o '_o true_o the_o conscience_n of_o all_o mankind_n be_v a_o pretty_a large_a tribunal_n for_o these_o fundamental_a law_n to_o pronounce_v sentence_n in_o it_o be_v very_o much_o that_o law_n which_o in_o their_o own_o nature_n be_v dumb_a and_o always_o need_v a_o judge_n to_o pronounce_v sentence_n shall_v now_o be_v able_a to_o speak_v and_o pronounce_v sentence_n themselves_o such_o a_o sentence_n sure_o must_v
right_o cease_v before_o that_o of_o the_o legatee_n can_v begin_v so_o that_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o at_o present_a that_o the_o power_n of_o bequeath_v either_o the_o person_n of_o man_n or_o good_n be_v but_o a_o consequence_n of_o a_o absolute_a propriety_n in_o thing_n which_o arise_v from_o compact_a in_o a_o commonwealth_n as_o i_o shall_v hereafter_o prove_v therefore_o out_o of_o this_o state_n a_o will_n can_v bind_v the_o person_n of_o the_o child_n or_o servant_n so_o bequeath_v and_o for_o this_o cause_n we_o find_v abraham_n gen._n 24._o v._n 2_o 3._o bind_v his_o servant_n that_o rule_v over_o his_o house_n with_o a_o oath_n not_o to_o take_v a_o wife_n for_o his_o son_n of_o the_o daughter_n of_o the_o land_n and_o gen._n 49._o v._n 29._o jacob_n take_v a_o oath_n of_o joseph_n not_o to_o bury_v he_o in_o egypt_n because_o they_o doubt_v whether_o they_o can_v oblige_v they_o to_o do_v it_o by_o their_o testament_n but_o as_o for_o the_o right_n of_o bequeath_v crown_n or_o kingdom_n by_o testament_n as_o i_o will_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o some_o kingdom_n may_v have_v be_v so_o bequeathable_a by_o their_o constitution_n and_o other_o become_v so_o by_o custom_n yet_o i_o can_v grant_v that_o this_o right_n belong_v to_o the_o prince_n or_o monarch_n by_o the_o law_n of_o god_n or_o nature_n but_o proceed_v pure_o from_o a_o continue_a custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o civil_a law_n thereof_o else_o why_o have_v not_o henry_n viii_o or_o edward_n vi_o power_n to_o limit_n or_o bequeath_v the_o crown_n to_o who_o they_o please_v as_o well_o as_o william_n the_o conqueror_n and_o to_o look_v into_o other_o country_n what_o now_o render_v woman_n uncapable_a of_o succeed_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n yet_o capable_a of_o inherit_v that_o of_o england_n spain_n and_o divers_a other_o kingdom_n of_o europe_n but_o the_o custom_n or_o particular_a constitution_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o these_o kingdom_n which_o no_o will_n or_o testament_n can_v alter_v what_o else_o hinder_v the_o grand_a signior_n that_o he_o can_v disinherit_v his_o elder_a son_n if_o he_o survive_v he_o long._n vid._n mezeray_fw-fr abregé_fw-fr chron._n an._n 1317._o phil._n le_fw-fr long._n but_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o ottoman_a empire_n and_o what_o be_v this_o custom_n but_o as_o the_o author_n himself_o acknowledge_v in_o the_o case_n of_o england_n the_o commom_n law_n of_o the_o country_n 62._o freeholders_n inquest_n p._n 62._o which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v common_a custom_n thus_o to_o protect_v the_o custom_n which_o the_o vulgar_a shall_v choose_v be_v to_o protect_v the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n so_o that_o it_o be_v the_o will_n of_o the_o people_n and_o not_o the_o prince_n alone_o that_o make_v this_o a_o law_n for_o if_o this_o law_n of_o the_o succession_n of_o the_o crown_n depend_v upon_o his_o will_n then_o if_o he_o be_v a_o absolute_a monarch_n that_o when_o sufficient_o declare_v be_v the_o only_a law_n may_v alter_v it_o when_o he_o will_v 〈◊〉_d and_o so_o he_o may_v bequeath_v the_o crown_n to_o who_o he_o please_v but_o every_o one_o that_o understand_v the_o present_a law_n of_o descent_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n or_o the_o manner_n of_o succession_n in_o the_o ottoman_a empire_n know_v that_o iâ—_n the_o king_n of_o france_n or_o grand_a signior_n as_o absolute_a as_o they_o be_v shall_v bequeath_v their_o kingdom_n to_o any_o other_o than_o the_o right_a heir_n this_o will_n will_v signify_v nothing_o and_o no_o body_n will_v obey_v this_o successor_n of_o their_o appoint_v and_o if_o any_o man_n think_v to_o evade_v this_o by_o say_v that_o the_o succession_n of_o the_o crown_n be_v a_o fundamental_a law_n of_o the_o government_n and_o that_o a_o prince_n may_v be_v absolute_a and_o yet_o not_o have_v a_o power_n to_o alter_v that_o as_o he_o may_v every_o thing_n else_o i_o will_v ask_v he_o who_o make_v this_o a_o fundamental_a law_n at_o first_o whether_o the_o king_n then_o in_o be_v or_o the_o king_n with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o people_n upon_o the_o first_o institution_n of_o the_o government_n if_o the_o king_n make_v it_o alone_o since_o he_o be_v suppose_v to_o have_v make_v it_o at_o first_o for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o people_n of_o which_o he_o be_v the_o judge_n and_o be_v suppose_v in_o law_n never_o to_o die_v why_o then_o be_v not_o he_o as_o competent_a a_o judge_n of_o what_o be_v good_a for_o the_o people_n now_o as_o a_o king_n that_o live_v a_o thousand_o year_n ago_o be_v what_o be_v fit_a for_o the_o people_n then_o and_o consequent_o have_v as_o much_o right_n of_o alter_v the_o succession_n for_o the_o people_n benefit_n as_o he_o that_o establish_v it_o at_o first_o since_o every_o law_n may_v be_v alter_v by_o the_o same_o power_n that_o make_v it_o but_o if_o he_o say_v it_o be_v a_o fundamental_a law_n because_o long_a custom_n have_v make_v it_o so_o than_o it_o be_v apparent_a such_o a_o law_n have_v its_o force_n from_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o people_n at_o first_o or_o since_o custom_n be_v nothing_o else_o or_o last_o if_o he_o will_v acknowledge_v that_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o people_n be_v necessary_a to_o make_v this_o a_o fundamental_a constitution_n than_o it_o can_v neither_o be_v alter_v without_o their_o consent_n and_o so_o consequent_o no_o prince_n testament_n be_v good_a as_o to_o that_o far_o than_o the_o people_n or_o their_o representative_n give_v their_o assent_n thereunto_o and_o the_o same_o law_n hold_v in_o the_o father_n of_o a_o family_n since_o this_o author_n will_v have_v no_o difference_n between_o he_o and_o a_o king_n but_o only_o secundum_fw-la magis_fw-la &_o minus_n if_o then_o there_o be_v no_o right_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n for_o a_o father_n to_o bequeath_v his_o dominion_n over_o his_o child_n by_o his_o testament_n let_v we_o return_v again_o to_o that_o of_o descent_n and_o see_v if_o that_o will_v prove_v a_o better_a foundation_n to_o build_v this_o natural_a right_n of_o prince_n upon_o for_o my_o part_n i_o think_v that_o it_o be_v not_o only_o impossible_a to_o know_v who_o be_v adam_n right_a heir_n of_o his_o fatherly_a power_n now_o after_o five_o or_o six_o thousand_o year_n but_o may_v likewise_o be_v as_o uncertain_a as_o soon_o as_o ever_o the_o breath_n be_v out_o of_o his_o body_n for_o suppose_v eve_n survive_v he_o why_o shall_v not_o her_o natural_a right_n of_o govern_v the_o child_n which_o she_o herself_o bring_v forth_o and_o which_o out_o of_o wedlock_n will_v have_v belong_v to_o she_o revive_v and_o take_v place_n before_o any_o right_n of_o her_o elder_a son_n to_o who_o upon_o this_o ground_n she_o must_v have_v become_v subject_a if_o she_o will_v continue_v part_n of_o the_o family_n or_o natural_a commonwealth_n which_o she_o can_v not_o avoid_v there_o be_v none_o but_o her_o child_n or_o grandchild_n in_o the_o world_n and_o it_o be_v against_o the_o nature_n of_o government_n to_o allow_v two_o absolute_a head_n in_o the_o same_o family_n or_o commonwealth_n so_o that_o for_o aught_o i_o see_v the_o mother_n of_o the_o family_n have_v the_o best_a right_n to_o the_o government_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n after_o the_o husband_n death_n upon_o the_o author_n own_o ground_n for_o if_o the_o commandment_n of_o honour_n thy_o father_n and_o thy_o mother_n signify_v more_o than_o bare_a reverence_n and_o respect_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o apostle_n exposition_n of_o this_o commandment_n ephes_n 6._o v._n 1._o child_n obey_v your_o parent_n in_o the_o lord_n which_o he_o make_v the_o same_o with_o honour_n thy_o father_n and_o thy_o mother_n then_o this_o obedience_n which_o be_v due_a to_o the_o father_n belong_v likewise_o to_o she_o when_o his_o power_n cease_v but_o pass_v over_o this_o difficulty_n and_o allow_v this_o fatherly_a authority_n to_o descend_v to_o adam_n next_o heir_n it_o may_v have_v be_v a_o great_a question_n who_o this_o next_o heir_n be_v suppose_v cain_n to_o have_v be_v disinherit_v for_o the_o murder_n of_o abel_n and_o to_o have_v go_v away_o and_o build_v a_o city_n and_o set_v up_o a_o government_n by_o himself_o yet_o let_v we_o suppose_v abel_n leave_v a_o son_n behind_o he_o who_o survive_v adam_n his_o grandfather_n which_o he_o may_v very_o well_o do_v and_o yet_o the_o scripture_n be_v silent_a in_o it_o since_o the_o intent_n of_o moses_n in_o his_o genealogy_n be_v only_o to_o give_v we_o the_o pedigree_n of_o the_o jew_n and_o therefore_o say_v little_a of_o his_o other_o child_n but_o by_o the_o by_o i_o will_v ask_v the_o author_n or_o any_o man_n else_o who_o be_v adam_n heir_n after_o his_o death_n whether_o this_o son_n of_o abel_n or_o seth_n who_o we_o will_v suppose_v likewise_o to_o
son_n reign_v we_o find_v the_o procurator_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o people_n of_o england_n declare_v in_o the_o council_n of_o lion_n quod_fw-la universitas_fw-la regni_fw-la nunquam_fw-la i.e._n patres_fw-la nobilium_fw-la vel_fw-la ipsi_fw-la never_o consent_v or_o will_v ever_o consent_v to_o the_o tribute_n unjust_o extort_a by_o the_o court_n of_o rome_n at_o which_o protestation_n his_o holiness_n be_v so_o confound_v that_o our_o author_n tell_v we_o he_o never_o lift_v up_o his_o eye_n or_o have_v a_o word_n to_o reply_v and_o every_o monarch_n have_v as_o absolute_a a_o propriety_n in_o his_o kingdom_n as_o noah_n have_v in_o the_o world_n as_o our_o author_n suppose_v i_o know_v no_o reason_n why_o the_o king_n may_v not_o bequeath_v his_o crown_n to_o which_o of_o his_o son_n he_o please_v no_o matter_n whether_o lawful_o beget_v or_o not_o since_o prince_n be_v above_o all_o term_n or_o positive_a law_n or_o he_o may_v divide_v it_o among_o they_o as_o noah_n do_v the_o world_n to_o his_o three_o son_n so_o that_o upon_o these_o ground_n the_o testament_n of_o henry_n viii_o whereby_o he_o disinherit_v the_o line_n of_o scotland_n and_o that_o of_o edward_n vi_o whereby_o he_o exclude_v his_o sister_n from_o the_o crown_n shall_v have_v be_v valid_a but_o the_o loyal_a subject_n of_o england_n believe_v that_o neither_o of_o those_o king_n can_v disinherit_v the_o right_a heir_n of_o the_o crown_n by_o their_o testament_n alone_o but_o acknowledge_v they_o in_o the_o person_n of_o queen_n mary_n and_o king_n james_n notwithstanding_o those_o pretend_a wi_n i_o have_v be_v the_o large_a upon_o this_o subject_n that_o man_n that_o do_v not_o much_o consider_v nor_o be_v verse_v in_o these_o matter_n may_v see_v the_o absurd_a wicked_a consequence_n of_o this_o notion_n of_o a_o absolute_a propriety_n and_o dominion_n to_o be_v inseparable_a from_o monarchy_n so_o that_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o even_o those_o very_a man_n who_o love_v a_o smatch_n of_o arbitrary_a government_n because_o it_o best_a suit_n with_o their_o temper_n or_o interest_n can_v away_o with_o it_o unmixed_a when_o it_o come_v to_o exert_v all_o its_o prerogative_n thus_o some_o man_n think_v musk_n and_o ambergris_n mix_v which_o other_o ingredient_n make_v a_o agreeable_a perfume_n which_o if_o hold_v to_o their_o nose_n in_o the_o cod_n or_o whole_a lump_n they_o be_v so_o far_o from_o think_v a_o good_a smell_n that_o they_o loathe_v it_o i_o shall_v not_o affirm_v with_o grotius_n that_o the_o empire_n which_o be_v exercise_v by_o king_n do_v not_o cease_v to_o be_v the_o empire_n of_o the_o people_n for_o i_o suppose_v the_o people_n have_v pass_v over_o all_o their_o present_a interest_n in_o it_o to_o the_o prince_n and_o his_o heir_n and_o as_o long_o as_o that_o line_n last_v they_o have_v nothing_o to_o do_v with_o it_o and_o consequent_o can_v set_v up_o another_o family_n over_o they_o and_o so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o king_n have_v no_o such_o absolute_a property_n as_o that_o he_o can_v alter_v the_o succession_n otherwise_o than_o the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o the_o monarchy_n do_v first_o appoint_v which_o be_v make_v by_o consent_n of_o all_o the_o estate_n and_o without_o which_o they_o can_v be_v alter_v nor_o be_v there_o any_o fear_n of_o a_o contradiction_n as_o the_o author_n suppose_v that_o the_o succession_n must_v either_o hinder_v the_o right_n of_o alienation_n which_o be_v in_o the_o people_n or_o the_o alienation_n must_v destroy_v the_o right_n of_o succession_n which_o must_v attend_v upon_o elect_a king_n for_o we_o own_v no_o right_n of_o alienation_n in_o the_o people_n as_o long_o as_o there_o be_v a_o lawful_a heir_n remain_v and_o succeed_v in_o his_o right_n to_o who_o the_o crown_n be_v first_o legal_o settle_v nor_o yet_o do_v therefore_o the_o succession_n diminish_v the_o right_n which_o the_o people_n have_v at_o first_o but_o that_o it_o may_v arise_v and_o take_v place_n again_o if_o the_o king_n shall_v die_v without_o know_a heir_n have_v do_v with_o his_o observation_n upon_o grotius_n vi_o chap._n vi_o i_o be_o now_o come_v to_o his_o anarchy_n of_o a_o limit_a or_o mix_v monarchy_n in_o which_o though_o i_o shall_v not_o undertake_v to_o maintain_v all_o which_o our_o author_n if_o who_o he_o write_v against_o have_v lay_v down_o in_o this_o treatise_n since_o many_o thing_n in_o that_o it_o treat_v be_v write_v according_a to_o irene_n notion_n during_o the_o late_a war_n yet_o i_o hope_v i_o may_v be_v able_a to_o show_v that_o this_o doctrine_n of_o a_o limit_a monarchy_n be_v not_o but_o of_o yesterâ—lay_n as_o our_o author_n will_v have_v it_o but_o that_o all_o the_o learned_a man_n in_o the_o law_n and_o constitution_n of_o these_o northern_a kingdom_n have_v hold_v it_o to_o be_v no_o such_o damnable_a doctrine_n but_o that_o the_o contrary_n will_v introduce_v â—ll_a tyranny_n and_o arbitrary_a government_n among_o they_o which_o be_v at_o this_o day_n practise_v in_o the_o eastern_a part_n of_o the_o world_n but_o it_o seem_v the_o author_n allow_v 260._o 260._o that_o there_o may_v be_v a_o mix_a government_n but_o not_o a_o mix_a monarchy_n because_o the_o word_n monarchy_n be_v compound_v of_o two_o greek_a word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d one_o alone_o and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o govern_v or_o rule_n and_o therefore_o monarchy_n be_v the_o government_n of_o one_o man_n alone_o can_v admit_v of_o any_o limitation_n or_o mixture_n but_o what_o if_o one_o shall_v say_v that_o all_o this_o be_v nothing_o but_o wrangle_v about_o word_n since_o why_o may_v not_o he_o be_v call_v a_o monarch_n who_o have_v the_o supreme_a though_o not_o the_o only_a power_n in_o a_o commonwealth_n if_o the_o custom_n of_o that_o country_n allow_v it_o he_o though_o his_o power_n be_v limit_v or_o mix_v as_o well_o as_o for_o the_o roman_n to_o call_v their_o monarch_n but_o imperator_n or_o general_n or_o for_o the_o florentine_n or_o russian_n to_o call_v their_o monarch_n great_a duke_n since_o it_o be_v not_o the_o name_n but_o the_o exercise_n of_o the_o power_n that_o create_v the_o difference_n nor_o be_v it_o any_o more_o a_o bull_n or_o contradiction_n than_o to_o call_v that_o which_o i_o now_o write_v out_o of_o a_o inkhorn_n though_o perhaps_o it_o be_v make_v either_o of_o glass_n or_o metal_n so_o the_o first_o monarch_n be_v absolute_a the_o title_n of_o monarch_n may_v now_o be_v by_o eustom_n well_o enough_o apply_v to_o those_o that_o be_v not_o absolute_o so_o but_o to_o pass_v by_o such_o grammar_n nicety_n i_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o vindicate_v the_o writer_n of_o this_o treatise_n of_o monarchy_n who_o the_o author_n call_v mr._n hunton_n from_o give_v a_o idea_n of_o a_o government_n which_o be_v nothing_o but_o mere_a anarchy_n and_o fiction_n and_o that_o there_o have_v be_v and_o yet_o be_v such_o a_o kind_n of_o government_n as_o a_o limit_a kingship_n which_o if_o the_o author_n be_v so_o dogged_a as_o he_o will_v not_o allow_v it_o the_o name_n of_o a_o monarchy_n we_o can_v help_v it_o let_v his_o friend_n give_v it_o a_o more_o proper_a name_n if_o they_o please_v as_o for_o what_o he_o will_v prove_v out_o of_o that_o author_n word_n that_o every_o monarch_n even_o his_o limit_a monarch_n must_v have_v the_o supreme_a power_n of_o the_o state_n in_o himself_o so_o that_o his_o power_n must_v no_o way_n be_v limit_v by_o any_o power_n above_o he_o for_o than_o he_o be_v no_o monarch_n but_o a_o subordinate_a magistrate_n be_v true_a yet_o i_o do_v not_o see_v that_o the_o author_n contradict_v himself_o as_o the_o observatour_n will_v have_v he_o when_o he_o tell_v we_o in_o the_o same_o page_n that_o in_o a_o moderate_a or_o limit_a monarchy_n the_o supreme_a power_n must_v be_v restrain_v by_o some_o law_n according_a to_o which_o this_o power_n be_v give_v and_o by_o direction_n of_o which_o this_o power_n must_v act_v so_o that_o he_o will_v have_v 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the_o people_n may_v not_o be_v easy_o know_v though_o not_o gather_v by_o vote_n or_o whether_o it_o will_v be_v various_a and_o erroneous_a in_o these_o case_n fr_n the_o people_n though_o they_o do_v not_o argue_v so_o subtle_o as_o our_o author_n do_v yet_o in_o their_o sense_n of_o feel_v when_o wrong_v or_o hurt_v be_v seldom_o mistake_v then_o our_o author_n be_v angry_a that_o mr._n h._n will_v have_v a_o appeal_v make_v to_o the_o conscience_n of_o all_o mankind_n that_o be_v make_v that_o the_o fundamental_a law_n must_v judge_n and_o pronounce_v sentence_n in_o every_o man_n own_o conscience_n here_o he_o will_v fain_o learn_v of_o mr._n h._n or_o any_o other_o for_o he_o what_o a_o fundamental_a law_n be_v or_o else_o have_v but_o one_o law_n name_v to_o he_o that_o any_o man_n shall_v say_v be_v a_o fundamental_a law_n of_o the_o monarchy_n well_o to_o do_v the_o author_n friend_n a_o pleasure_n since_o he_o be_v dead_a himself_o i_o will_v name_v one_o that_o he_o 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true_a as_o the_o author_n have_v lay_v it_o down_o for_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o common-law_n do_v not_o depend_v upon_o mere_a custom_n or_o usage_n take_v up_o after_o the_o government_n institute_v and_o therefore_o his_o consequence_n that_o follow_v from_o this_o be_v false_a for_o some_o part_n of_o the_o common-law_n of_o england_n be_v without_o doubt_n as_o ancient_a as_o the_o government_n itself_o thus_o though_o some_o part_n of_o our_o common-law_n may_v have_v proceed_v from_o some_o late_a custom_n or_o particular_a judgement_n and_o resolution_n of_o the_o judge_n in_o several_a age_n yet_o without_o doubt_n property_n in_o good_n and_o land_n and_o estate_n of_o inheritance_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o descent_n be_v as_o ancient_a since_o they_o come_v over_o with_o our_o saxon_a ancestor_n as_o the_o government_n itself_o since_o some_o of_o the_o law_n as_o that_o brethren_n by_o the_o half-blood_n shall_v not_o be_v heir_n to_o each_o other_o that_o a_o estate_n shall_v rather_o escheat_n then_o ascend_v to_o the_o father_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o he_o can_v only_o proceed_v from_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o ancient_a saxon_n for_o certain_o have_v we_o not_o be_v use_v to_o they_o we_o shall_v scarce_o allow_v they_o to_o be_v reasonable_a but_o it_o be_v in_o nothing_o more_o visible_a then_o in_o those_o tenor_n which_o the_o modern_a civilian_n call_v feudat_fw-la which_o l._n ca._n 3._o §_o 23._o grotius_n tell_v we_o be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v but_o among_o the_o german_n and_o those_o nation_n derive_v from_o they_o as_o both_o our_o saxon_n and_o angles_n be_v 40._o tacit._n de_fw-fr mor._n ger._n cap._n 40._o so_o likewise_o that_o fundamental_a constitution_n of_o order_v all_o public_a affair_n in_o general_a council_n or_o assembly_n of_o the_o man_n of_o note_n and_o those_o that_o have_v a_o share_n in_o the_o land_n de_fw-fr minoribus_fw-la rebus_fw-la principes_fw-la consultant_fw-la de_fw-la majoribus_fw-la omnes_fw-la ita_fw-la tamen_fw-la ut_fw-la ex_fw-la qnoque_fw-la quorum_fw-la penes_fw-la plebem_fw-la arbitrium_fw-la est_fw-la apud_fw-la principes_fw-la praetractantur_fw-la in_o this_o great_a council_n they_o try_v offender_n in_o capital_a crime_n 12._o id._n cap._n 12._o licet_fw-la apud_fw-la concilium_fw-la accusare_fw-la queque_fw-la &_o discrimen_fw-la capitis_fw-la intendere_fw-la nor_o be_v the_o power_n of_o their_o king_n or_o prince_n absolute_a as_o appear_v by_o the_o passage_n in_o the_o same_o author_n 7_o id._n cap._n 7_o nec_fw-la regibus_fw-la infinita_fw-la aut_fw-la libera_fw-la potestas_fw-la etc._n etc._n speak_v of_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o hold_v these_o public_a council_n after_o silence_n command_v by_o the_o priest_n mox_fw-la rex_fw-la 11._o id._n cap._n 11._o vel_fw-la princeps_fw-la prout_fw-la aetas_fw-la cuique_fw-la prout_fw-la nobilitas_fw-la prout_fw-la decus_fw-la bellorum_fw-la prout_fw-la facundia_fw-la est_fw-la audiuntur_fw-la autoritate_fw-la suadendi_fw-la magis_fw-la quam_fw-la jubendi_fw-la and_o though_o our_o first_o saxon_n king_n may_v have_v more_o confer_v on_o they_o then_o this_o yet_o it_o be_v altogether_o improbable_a that_o heng_a and_o the_o rest_n of_o those_o prince_n who_o erect_v a_o heptarchy_n in_o this_o island_n come_v hither_o not_o as_o monarch_n over_o subject_n but_o as_o leader_n of_o volunteer_n who_o go_v to_o seek_v a_o new_a country_n shall_v be_v so_o fond_a of_o a_o government_n they_o never_o know_v as_o to_o give_v these_o their_o genneral_n a_o absolute_a despetick_a power_n over_o their_o person_n and_o estate_n which_o they_o never_o have_v in_o their_o own_o country_n and_o by_o which_o liberty_n they_o have_v so_o long_o defend_v it_o against_o the_o utmost_a effect_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n therefore_o say_v the_o same_o author_n ne_o parthi_a quidem_fw-la sepius_fw-la admonuere_fw-la 37._o id._n cap._n 37._o quip_n regno_fw-la arsacis_fw-la acrior_fw-la est_fw-la germanorum_n libertas_n the_o sense_n of_o which_o be_v the_o parthian_n themselves_o have_v not_o often_o rebuke_v we_o for_o the_o german-liberty_n be_v hard_a to_o be_v deal_v with_o then_o the_o monarchy_n of_o arsaces_n 117._o pat._n p._n 116_o 117._o and_o as_o for_o the_o antiquity_n and_o usefulness_n of_o these_o great_a council_n the_o author_n himself_o have_v confess_v enough_o for_o our_o purpose_n though_o he_o will_v not_o have_v our_o parliament_n ancient_a than_o about_o '_o the_o time_n of_o the_o conquest_n because_o until_o those_o day_n we_o can_v hear_v it_o be_v entire_o unite_v into_o one_o kingdom_n but_o it_o be_v either_o divide_v into_o several_a kingdom_n or_o govern_v by_o several_a law_n as_o when_o julius_n caesar_n land_a he_o find_v four_o king_n in_o kent_n the_o saxon_n divide_v we_o into_o seven_o kingdom_n and_o when_o they_o be_v unite_v into_o a_o monarchy_n they_o have_v the_o dane_n for_o their_o companion_n or_o master_n in_o the_o empire_n till_o edward_n the_o
confessor_n day_n since_o who_o time_n the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n have_v remain_v as_o it_o do_v in_o which_o passage_n the_o author_n have_v discover_v either_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o ignorance_n or_o inadvertency_n in_o the_o history_n and_o government_n of_o his_o country_n for_o first_o he_o confess_v that_o the_o english_a saxon_n have_v a_o meeting_n which_o they_o call_v the_o assembly_n of_o the_o wife_n term_v in_o latin_a conventus_fw-la magnatum_fw-la or_o praesentia_fw-la regis_fw-la procerumque_fw-la prelatorum_fw-la collectorum_fw-la or_o in_o general_a magnum_n or_o commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la etc._n etc._n all_o which_o meeting_n may_v in_o a_o general_a sense_n be_v term_v parliament_n yet_o he_o will_v not_o allow_v there_o can_v be_v any_o parliament_n assemble_v of_o the_o general_a estate_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n for_o the_o reason_n he_o give_v we_o before_o what_o he_o mean_v by_o until_o about_o the_o time_n of_o the_o conquest_n i_o know_v not_o but_o this_o be_v certain_a that_o from_o the_o time_n of_o king_n egbert_n who_o be_v reckon_v the_o first_o monarch_n the_o great_a council_n or_o wittena_n gemore_n consist_v of_o the_o general_a estate_n of_o the_o west-saxon-kindom_n and_o if_o the_o whole_a people_n of_o england_n have_v not_o their_o representative_n there_o it_o be_v because_o they_o be_v represent_v by_o their_o tributary_n prince_n or_o king_n who_o govern_v subordinate_o to_o this_o monarch_n until_o the_o come_n of_o the_o dane_n thus_o the_o west-angle_n have_v their_o particular_a king_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n ethelwolf_n st._n edmund_n the_o last_o king_n be_v conquer_a by_o the_o dane_n so_o likewise_o have_v the_o mercian_n their_o king_n beorce_v their_o last_o king_n be_v drive_v out_o by_o the_o same_o invader_n about_o the_o same_o time_n and_o after_o the_o kingdom_n be_v at_o peace_n again_o and_o the_o dane_n in_o great_a part_n subdue_v or_o quiet_a king_n alfred_n reconquering_a the_o mercian-kingdom_n give_v it_o in_o marriage_n to_o a_o saxon_a nobleman_n call_v etheldred_n who_o have_v marry_v his_o daughter_n elsteda_n who_o be_v long_o after_o her_o husband_n death_n lady_n or_o queen_n of_o the_o mercian_n 857._o rerum_fw-la anglick_n scriptores_fw-la post_fw-la bedam_fw-la ed_n fra._n p._n 857._o yet_o do_v these_o feudatory_a prince_n always_o appear_v and_o make_v a_o part_n in_o the_o wittena_n gemore_n or_o great_a council_n of_o the_o monarch_n thus_o we_o may_v find_v in_o jugulphus_n that_o withlafe_a king_n of_o the_o mercian_n make_v a_o promise_n of_o the_o land_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o croyland_n which_o he_o after_o confirm_v by_o his_o charter_n in_o prisentia_n dominorum_fw-la meorum_fw-la egberti_fw-la regis_fw-la westo-saxoniae_a &_o athelwolwafij_fw-la silij_fw-la ejus_fw-la coram_fw-la pontificibus_fw-la &_o proceribus_fw-la totius_fw-la angliae_fw-la in_fw-la civitate_fw-la lundini_fw-la ubi_fw-la omnes_fw-la congregati_fw-la sumas_fw-la pro_fw-la consilio_fw-la capiendo_fw-la contra_fw-la danicos_fw-la pyratat_fw-la littora_fw-la angliae_fw-la infestantes_fw-la which_o certain_o be_v a_o great_a council_n and_o that_o these_o king_n be_v tributary_n to_o the_o west_n saxon_a monarch_n the_o same_o author_n tell_v a_o little_a further_o that_o bertulph_n brother_n of_o witlafe_n succeed_v his_o nephew_n wimund_n 861._o id._n p._n 860_o 861._o and_o be_v tributary_n to_o athelwolf_n king_n of_o west_n saxony_n and_o by_o his_o charter_n confirm_v the_o same_o land_n and_o liberty_n to_o the_o say_a monastery_n which_o have_v be_v grant_v by_o his_o predecessor_n and_o this_o be_v do_v and_o confirm_v unanimi_fw-la consensu_fw-la totius_fw-la praesentis_fw-la concilij_fw-la hic_fw-la apud_fw-la kingsbury_n anno_fw-la incar_fw-la domini_fw-la 881._o etc._n etc._n pro_fw-la regni_fw-la negotis_fw-la congregati_fw-la and_o be_v thus_o subscribe_v ego_fw-la olflac_n pincerna_fw-la &_o legatus_fw-la domini_fw-la mei_fw-la regis_fw-la ethelwolf_n &_o filiorum_fw-la suorum_fw-la nomine_fw-la illorum_fw-la &_o omnium_fw-la westsaxonum_fw-la istum_fw-la chirographum_fw-la regis_fw-la bertulphi_n plurimum_fw-la confirmavi_fw-la ego_fw-la bertulphus_n rex_fw-la mericorum_fw-la palam_fw-la omnibus_fw-la prelatis_fw-la &_o proceribus_fw-la regni_fw-la mei_fw-la which_o show_v we_o that_o beside_o the_o general_n council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n these_o mercian_n tributary_n king_n have_v a_o particular_a council_n or_o parliament_n of_o their_o own_o kingdom_n without_o who_o consent_n as_o also_o of_o their_o paramount_n monarch_n they_o can_v not_o part_v with_o the_o land_n and_o royalty_n belong_v to_o their_o crown_n so_o likewise_o in_o the_o same_o author_n beorced_a king_n of_o the_o mercian_n anno_fw-la domini_fw-la 868_o confirm_v his_o charter_n to_o the_o same_o monastery_n at_o snotringham_n coram_fw-la fratribus_fw-la &_o amiciss_fw-la &_o omni_fw-la populo_fw-la meo_fw-la in_o obsidione_fw-la paganorum_fw-la congregatis_fw-la to_o which_o likewise_o his_o supreme_a monarch_n elthr_v king_n of_o the_o west_n saxon_n give_v his_o consent_n and_o subscribe_v after_o the_o bishop_n the_o like_a form_n we_o find_v in_o the_o pass_n of_o all_o the_o other_o charter_n to_o this_o monastery_n quote_v by_o the_o say_a author_n which_o be_v all_o of_o they_o confirm_v by_o the_o king_n then_o reign_v &_o in_o praesentia_fw-la archiepiscop_n episcop_n procerum_fw-la or_o optimatum_fw-la regni_fw-la collectorum_fw-la and_o before_o the_o kingdom_n come_v to_o be_v unite_v under_o one_o supreme_a king_n or_o monarch_n there_o be_v also_o one_o great_a council_n or_o synod_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n where_o the_o chief_a and_o most_o powerful_a king_n or_o monarch_n of_o the_o heptarchy_n preside_v and_o in_o which_o they_o make_v their_o general_a ecclesiastical_a canon_n and_o also_o civil_a law_n that_o be_v bind_v to_o the_o whole_a people_n of_o england_n and_o to_o which_o person_n that_o have_v be_v grieve_v or_o wrong_v by_o their_o particular_a king_n appeal_v and_o be_v right_v and_o to_o this_o general_a wittena_n gemote_a that_o ancient_a writer_n will._n malmsbuny_n speak_v of_o the_o ancient_a custom_n and_o law_n of_o england_n say_v be_v make_v per_fw-la generalem_fw-la senatum_fw-la &_o populi_fw-la conventum_fw-la &_o edictum_fw-la therefore_o we_o find_v the_o first_o synod_n or_o council_n of_o clovesho_n 747._o anno_fw-la christ._n 747._o call_v by_o ethelbald_a king_n of_o the_o mercian_n who_o be_v then_o chief_a king_n or_o monarch_n as_o they_o call_v he_o of_o the_o english_a saxon_n and_o at_o which_o be_v present_v the_o say_a king_n with_o all_o his_o prince_n and_o great_a man_n pontific_a malm._n de_fw-fr gest_n pontific_a as_o also_o all_o the_o bishop_n of_o this_o island_n but_o it_o more_o plain_o appear_v in_o the_o second_o council_n hold_v at_o the_o same_o place_n call_v by_o beornulf_n king_n of_o mercia_n who_o preside_v therein_o 332._o spelman_n council_n p._n 332._o you_o will_v find_v one_o of_o the_o first_o thing_n they_o do_v be_v to_o inquire_v whether_o any_o person_n have_v be_v unjust_o deal_v with_o or_o unjust_o spoil_v or_o oppress_v whereupon_o wulfred_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n complain_v of_o the_o violence_n and_o avarice_n of_o kenwulf_n late_a king_n of_o the_o west_n saxon_n which_o beingful_o prove_v the_o say_a council_n order_v kenedrith_n the_o abbess_n the_o daughter_n and_o heir_n of_o the_o say_a king_n to_o make_v satisfaction_n to_o the_o say_a archbishop_n which_o be_v do_v according_o out_o of_o the_o land_n of_o the_o say_a king_n see_v it_o at_o large_a in_o spelman_n council_n and_o mr._n somner_n that_o learned_a antiquary_n in_o his_o glossary_n to_o the_o decem_fw-la scriptores_fw-la be_v clear_o of_o opinion_n 393._o spelman_n council_n pag._n 393._o that_o this_o be_v all_o one_o with_o a_o parliament_n synodus_fw-la magna_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la nuncupatur_fw-la so_o likewise_o the_o canon_n of_o the_o synod_n or_o council_n of_o catchyck_a annol_n be_v confirm_v by_o offa_n king_n of_o the_o mercian_n then_o chief_a monarch_n of_o this_o island_n tam_fw-la rex_fw-la quam_fw-la principes_fw-la svi_fw-la cum_fw-la senatoribus_fw-la terrae_fw-la decreta_fw-la signo_fw-la cracis_n firmarunt_fw-la and_o further_o that_o each_o of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o heptarchy_n have_v its_o particular_a council_n or_o wittena_n gemote_n appear_v by_o that_o famous_a council_n call_v by_o ethelbert_n king_n of_o kent_n about_o six_o year_n after_o his_o reception_n of_o the_o christian_a religion_n which_o be_v call_v commine_fw-la concilium_fw-la tam_fw-la cleri_fw-la quam_fw-la populi_n and_o no_o doubt_n this_o custom_n come_v not_o in_o with_o christianity_n the_o clergy_n only_o here_o succeed_v in_o the_o room_n of_o the_o pogan_n priest_n who_o among_o the_o german_n have_v always_o a_o place_n in_o their_o common_a council_n as_o we_o find_v in_o tacitus_n 126._o see_v the_o passage_n before_o cite_v p._n spelman_n con._n pag._n 126._o so_o likewise_o the_o first_o law_n we_o have_v extant_a be_v make_v by_o ina_n king_n of_o the_o west_n saxon_n per_n common_a concilium_fw-la &_o assensum_fw-la omnium_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la &_o principum_fw-la procerum_fw-la