Selected quad for the lemma: england_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
england_n	edward_n	king_n	normandy_n	2,635	5	11.0549	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A88244	Regall tyrannie discovered: or, A discourse, shewing that all lawfull (approbational) instituted power by God amongst men, is by common agreement, and mutual consent. Which power (in the hands of whomsoever) ought alwayes to be exercised for the good, benefit, and welfare of the trusters, and never ought other wise to be administered: ... In which is also punctually declared, the tyrannie of the kings of England, from the dayes of William the invader and robber, and tyrant, alias the Conqueror, to this present King Charles, ... Out of which is drawn a discourse, occasioned by the tyrannie and injustice inflicted by the Lords, upon that stout-faithful-lover of his country, and constant sufferer for the liberties thereof, Lieut. Col. John Lilburn, now prisoner in the Tower. In which these 4. following positions are punctually handled ... Vnto which is annexed a little touch, upon some palbable miscarriages, of some rotten members of the House of Commons: which house, is the absolute sole lawmaking, and law-binding interest of England.	Lilburne, John, 1614?-1657.	1647 (1647)	Wing L2172; Thomason E370_12; ESTC R201291	90,580	119

vertue of their being the Sons of prerogative Lords Earles Dukes or Barrons Now if you please to reade the Chronicles of this Kingdome you shall find that this thing called prerogative flowes meerly from the wills and pleasures of Robbers Rogues and The●ves by vertue of which they made Dukes Earles Barrons and Lords of their fellow Robbers Rog●es and Theeves the lineall issue and progeny of which the present House of Peers are having no better right nor title to their present pretended judicature then meer and absolute usurpation and the will and pleasures of the potent and enslaving Tyrants alias Kings of this Kingdome for I read in Speeds Chronicle pag. 413. 416. 417. and in Daniel pag. 27. 28. That the Normans in France came antiently of a mixt people from the Norwegians Swedens Danes practising practises upon the Coasts of Belgia Frizia England Ireland and France and proceeded in their hardy and wicked courses even to the Mediterranean Sea● which drove the French to such extremity that King Charles the bald was forced to give unto Hasting a Norman Arch-Pirate the Earldome of Charters to aslwage his fury exercised upon his people and also King Charles the Grosse granted unto Godfrey the Norman part of Newstria with his Daughter in Mariage yet all this sufficed not but that the Normans by force of Armes seated themselves neere unto the mouth of S●in taking all for their own that lay comprised betwixt that River and the River Loyre which Country afterwards took the name of Normandy from those Northern guests at which time King Charles the simple confirmed it unto Rollo their Captaine and gave unto him his Daughter Gilla in Mariage which Rollo with divers misdoers and outlawed men were forced to flye out of their own Country which Rollo of the Danishrace was the first Duke of Normandy whose Son William was the second Duke of Normandy and Richard his Sonne was the third Duke of that Country And his Sonne Richard the second was the fourth Duke thereof And Richard the third his Sonne was the fifth Duke of Normandy And Robert his brother and Sonne to Richard the second was ●he sixth Duke of Normandy who was Father to our William the Conqueror who was the seventh Duke of Normandy whom Duke Robert begat of one Arle● or Arlet●ce a whore and a mean woman of Phalisi● in Normandy who was the Daughter of a Skinner being resolved to go visite the holy Sepulcher having no more Sonnes but William his bastard he calles his Nobility together and tells them In case I dy in my journey as he did I have a little Bastard of whose worthinesse I have great hope and I doubt not but he is of my begetting him will I invest in my Dutchie as mine heire and from thenceforth I pray you take him for your Lord which they did And this Bastard in his youth having many sharp bouts and bickerings with Roger de Tresny and William Earle of Arques brother to Duke Robert and Sonne to Richard the second c. who lay claime to the Dutchie as right and true heires to it but William the Bastard being too hard for them all and by these wars grew to great experience in fea●es of Armes which with his marying of Matild the Daughter of Baldw●n the fifth Earle of Flanders a man of great might and power provoked the French King to fall upon him to abate his greatnesse and curbe his pride but bastard William twice defeating two powerfull Armies of the King● with great overthrowes broke the heart of the King of France which gave the bastard Duke of Normondy joyfull peace in which calme the King makes a journey over into England to visite King Edward the Confessor his kinsman who had had his breeding in Normandy by Duke Richard the second the bastards Grandfather And after his returne back againe St. Edward the King of England dyeth Whereupon William the bastard busieth his thoughts how to obtaine the Crowne and Scepter of England unto which he makes certaine pretended claimes as being granted unto him by King Edward which was but a weake pretence as King Harold in his answer to him informes him Speed 404. telling him that Edward himselfe coming in by election and not by any title of inheritance his promise was of novalidity for how could he give that wherein he was not interessed And though William the bastard urgeth to Harol his Oath given him i● Normandy yet he answered his Embassadour that his Masters demand was unjust for that an Oath extorted in time of extremity cannot binde the maker in Conscience to performe i● for that were to joyne one sin to another and that this O●th was taken for ●eare of death and imprisonment the Duke himselfe well knew but said he admit it was voluntary and without feare could I then a Subject without the allowance of the ●ing and the whole State give away the Crownes Success●● to the prejudice of both Speed fol. 403. 404. But although the bastard Duke had no better claime but this which was worth just nothing at all Reade before pag. 20. 21. 24. 27. 28 3● 60. 61. Yet notwithstanding William the bastard p●rleveres in his proud wicked and bloody intentions and calses an Assembly of the States of Normandy together and with importunate solicitations solicits them to supply him with money the very sinews of war to carry on his intended invasion of England but they unanimously refuse and decline it At length seeing this prottaction and difficulty in general he deals with his deerest and most trusty friends in particular being such as he knew affected the glory of action and would adventure their whole estates with him As William Fitz-Auber Count de Bretteville Gualtaer Gifford Earle Longueville Roger de Beaumont with others especially his own brothers by the mother whom he had made great as Odo Bishop of Baynox and Robert Earle of Mortaign and unto these he shewed his pretended right and hope of England wherein prefe●ment lay even to the meanest amongst them onely money was the want which they might spare neither should that be given nor lent without a plentiful increase With such faire words he drew them so on that they strove who should give most And by this policie he gathered such a masse of money as was sufficient to defray the warre And not onely wan he the people of his own Provinces to undertake this action but drew by his faire perswasions and large promises most of the greatest Princes and Nobles of France to adventure their persons and much of their estates with him as Robert Fitz-Harrays Duke of Orleance the Earles of Brittaigne Ponthieu Botogne Poictcu Maine Nevers Hi●fins Aumal le Signieur de Tours and even his mortall enemy Martel Earle of Anjou became to be as forward as any Besides to amuze the Court of France and dazzle a young Prince then King he promised faithfully if he conquered this Kingdome to hold it of him as he did

Knaves Fooles Tyrants or Monopolizers or unjust wretched persons that must of necessity have their Prerogative to rule over all their wickednesses Secondly Observe from hence from what a pure Fountain our inslaving Lawes Judges and Practises in Westminster Hall had their originall namely from the will of a Conqueror and Tyrant for I find no mention in History of such Iudges Westminster Hall Courts and such French u●godly proceedings as these untill his dayes the burthen of which in many particulars to this day lies upon us But in the 21. of this Tyrants reigne After that the captivated Natives had made many struglings for their liberties and he having alwayes suppressed them and made himself absolute He began saith Daniel fol. 43. to govern all by the customes of Normandy whereupon the agrieved Lords and sad People of England tender their humble Petition beseeching him in regard of his Oath made at his Coronation and by the soule of St. Edward from whom he had the Crown and Kingdome under whose Lawes they were born and bred that he would not adde that misery to deliver them up to be judged by a strange Law wh●●h they underst●●d no● A●d saith he so earnestly they w●ought that he was pleased to confirme that by his Charter which he had twice ●ore-prom●●d by ●is Oath And gave commandment unto his I●stitiaries to see those Lawes of St. Edward to be invi●lably observed th●ough u● the Kingdome And yet notwithstanding this co●firmatio● 〈◊〉 the C●●r●ers afterward granted by Henry the secon● ●nd King Iohn to the same effect There followed a great Innovation b●th in Lawes and Government in England so that this seemes rather to h●ve b●en done to acquit the people with a shew of the confi●mation of their antient Customes and liberties then that they enjoyed them inessect For whereas before those Lawes they had were written in their tongue i●telligible unto all Now they are tra●slated into Latine and French And whereas the Causes of the Kingdome were before determined in every Shire And by a Law of King Edward s●nior all matters in question should upon speciall penalty w●tk●ut ●urther deferment be finally decided in their Gemote or Conventions held monethly in every Hundred A MOST GALLAN● LAW But he ●et up his ●udges four times a yeare where he thought good to he●● their Causes Again before his Conquest the inheritances descended not alone but after the Germane manner equally divided to all the children which he also altered And after this King alias Tyrant had a cruell and troublesome raign his own Son Robert rebelling against him yea saith Speed fol. 430. all things degenerated so in his cruell dayes that t●me and domestick● fowles as Hens Geese Peacocks and the like fled into the Forrests and Woods and became very wild in imitation of men But when he was dead his Favourites would not spend their pains to bury him and scarce could there be a grave procured to lay him in See Speed fol. 434. and Daniel fol. 50. and Martin fol. 8. WILLIAM THE SECOND to cheat and cosen his eldest brother Robert of the Crown granted relaxation of tribute with other releevements of their dolencies and restored them to the former freedome of hunting in all his Woods and Forrests Daniel fol. 53. And this was all worth the mentioning which they got in his dayes And then comes his brother Henry the first to the Crown and he also stepping in before Robert the eldest brother and the first actions of his government tended all to bate the people and suger their subjection as his Predecessour upon the like imposition had done but with more moderation and advisednesse for he not only pleaseth them in their releevement but in their passion by punishing the chiefe Ministers of their exactions and expelling from his Courtall dissolute persons and eased the people of their Impositions and restored them to their lights in in the night c. but having got his ends effected just tyrant-like he stands upon his Prerogative that is his will and lust but being full of turmoiles as all such men are his Son the young Prince the only hope of all the Norman race was at Sea with many more great ones drowned after which he is said never to have been seen to laugh and having besides this great losse many troubles abroad and being desirous to settle the Kingdome upon his daughter Maud the Empresse then the wife of Coffery Plantaginet in the 15. year of his reign he begins to call a Parliament being the first after the Conquest for that saith Dan. fol. 66. he would not wrest any thing by an imperiall power from the Kingdome which might breed Ulcers of dangerous nature he took a course to obtain their free consents to observe his occasion in their generall Assemblies of the three Estates of the Land which he convocated at Salisbury and yet notwithstanding by his prerogative resumed the liberty of hunting in his Forrests which took up much faire ground in England and he laid great penalties upon those that should kill his Deere But in this Henry the first ended the Norman race till Henry the second For although Henry the first had in Parliament caused the Lords of this Land to swear to his Daughter Maud and her Heires to acknowledge them as the right Inheritors of the Crown Yet the State elected and invested in the Crown of England within 30. dayes aftter the death of Henry Stephen Earle of Bolloign and Montague Son of Stephen Earl of Blois having no title at all to the Crown but by meer election was advanced to it The Choosers being induced to make choice of him having an opinion that by preferring one whose title was least it would make his obligation the more to them and so they might stand better secured of their liberties then under such a one as might presume of a hereditary succession And being crowned and in possession of his Kingdome hee assembleth a Parliament at Oxford wherein hee restored to the Clergie all their former liberties and freed the Laity from their tributes exactions or whatsoever grievances oppressed them confirming the same by his Charter which faithfully to observe hee took a publike Oath before all the Assembly where likewise the BBs swore fealty to him but with this condition saith Daniel folio 69. SO LONG AS HE OBSERVED THE TENOVR OF THIS CHARTER And Speed in his Chronicle fol. 468. saith that the Lay-Barons made use also of this polici● which I say is justice and honesty as appeareth by Robert Earl of Glocester who swore to be true Liege-man to the King AS LONG AS THE KING WOVLD PRESERVE TO HIM HIS DIGNITIES AND KEEPE ALL COVENANTS But little quiet the Kingdome had for rebellions and troubles dayly arose by the friends of Maud the Empresse who came into England and his Associates pitching a field with him where he fought most stoutly but being there taken hee was sent prisoner to Bristell And after this Victory thus

the Realm granted him the ninth peny A● so deer a rate were they forced to buy their own Rights at the hands of him that was their servant and had received his Crown and Dignity from them and for them But the People of England not being content with the confirmation of their Liberties by his Deputies presse him at a Pa●l at Westminster the next year to the confirmation of their Charters he pressing hard to have the Clause Salvo Jure Coroae nostrae put in but the People would not endure it should be so Yet with much adoe he confirmes them according to their mind and ●hat neither he nor his heires shall procure or do any thing whereby the Liberties of the Great Charter contained shall be infringed or broken and if any thing be procured by any person contrary to the premises i● shall be held of no force nor effect And this c●st them dear as I said before So that here you have a true relation of the begetting the conception and birth of Magna Charta The English-Mans Inheritance And how much blood and money it cost our fore-fathers before they could wring it out of the hands of their tyrannicall Kings and yet alas in my judgment it falls far short of Edward the Confessors Laws for the ease good and quiet of the people which the Conqueror robbed England of for the Norman practises yet in Westminster-Hall by reason of their tediousnesse ambiguities uncertainties the entries in Latine which is not our own Tongue their forcing men to plead by Lawyers and no● permitting ☞ themselves to plead their own causes their compelling of persons to come from all places of the Kingdom to seek for Justice at Westminster is such an Iron Norman yoak with fangs and teeth in it as Lieutenant Colonell Lilburn in his late printed Epistle to Judge Reeves cals it That if we werefree in every particular else that our hearts can think of yet as the same Author saith were we slaves by this alone the burthen of which singly will pie●ce gaul our shoulders make us bow stoop even down to the ground ready to be made a prey not only by great men but even by every cunning sharking knave Oh therefore that our Honourable Parliament according to their late Declaration would for ever annihilate this Norman innovation reduce us back to that part of the antient frame of government in this Kingdome before the Conquerors dayes That we may have all cases and differences decided in the County or Hundred where they are committed or do arise without any appeale but to a Parliament And that they may monethly be judged by twelve men of free and honest condition chosen by themselves with their grave or chiefe Officer amongst them and that they may swear to judge every mans cause aright without feare favour or affection upon a severe and strict penalty of those that shall do unjustly And then farewell jangling Lawyers the wildfire-destroyers and bane of all just rationall and right-governed Common-wealths And for the facilitating of this work and the prevention of frauds I shall onely make use of Mr. John Cookes words a Lawyer in Grays-Inne in the 66. page of his late published Book called A Vindication of the Professours and Profession of the Law where he prescribes A ready remedy against Frauds which is That there might be a publike office in every Countie to register all Leases made for any Land in that County and also all conveyances whatsoever and all charges upon the Lands and all Bonds and Contracts of any value for saith he It is a hard matter to find out Recognizances Judgments Extents and other Charges and too chargable for the Subject that so for 12. d. or some such small matter every man might know in whom the Interest of Land remains and what incu●brances lie upon it and every estate or charge not entered there to be void in Law And that the Country have the choosing of the Registers in their respective Counties onc● a yeare upon a fixed day and that they have plaine rules and limitations made by authority of Parliament and severe penalties enacted for transgressing them But after this digression let us return to Mag. Charta whosoever readeth i● which eve●● man may at large at the beginning of the book of Statu●es sha●l fi●d it an absolute Contract betwixt the Kings of England and the People thereof which at their Coronations ever since they take an Oath inviolable to observe And we shall find in the dayes of ●his P●inc● who is noted for one of the best that we have that English-men understood themselves so well that when the Pope endeavoured to meddle in a businesse betwixt the Scots and the Crown of England there was letters sent from Lincoln at a Parliament which did absolutely tell the Pope that the King their Lord should i● no sort undergo his Holinesse judgement therein Neither send his P●ocurators as was required ●bout that businesse whereby it may seeme that doub●s were made of their Kings title to the prej●dice of the Crowne the Royall Dignity the Liberties Custom●s and Lawes of England which by their oath and duty they were bound to observe and would defend with their lives Neither would they permit nor could any usuall unlawful and detrimental proceeding but that which is most observable is in the next clause viz. nor suffer their King if he would to do or any way to attempt the same Daniel fol. 199. After the warlike King succeeded his Son Edward the second who was continually at variance with his people although never any before him was received with greater love of the people then he as saith Daniel fol. 204. nor ever any that sooner le●t it His very first actions discovered a head-strong wilfulnesse that was unconcealable regarding no other company but the base Parasites of of the times the head of which was Gaveston which made his Nobles at Westminster when he and his Queen was to be crowned to assemble together and require him that Gaveston his darling might be removed from out of the Court and Kingdome otherwise they purposed to hinder his Coronation at that time Whereupon the King to avoid so great a disgrace promises on his saith to yeeld to what they desired in the next Parliament And at the next Parliament the whole Assembly humbly besought the King to advise and treat with his Nobles who then it seemes were abundantly honester then these are now concerning the state of the Kingdome for the avoiding of iminent mischiese likely to ensue through the neglect of Government and so far urged the matter as the King consents thereunto and not only grants them liberty to draw into Articles what was requisite for the King●ome but takes his Oath to ratifie whatsoever th●y should c●nclude Whereupon they elect certain choice men both of the Clergy Nobility and Commons to compose those Articles which don● the Archbishop of Canterbury lately recalled from exile with

all things where you may reasonably do the sam● And in case ye be from henceforth found in default in any of the points aforesaid ye shall be at the Kings will of Body Lands and Goods thereof to be done as shall please him As God you help● and all Saints But now in regard we shall for brevities sake but only touch at Richard the s●c●nd who for his evill government was Artic●ed against in Parliament Martine fol. 156 157 158 159 160. Speed fol. 742. The substance of which in Speeds words were First in the front was placed his abuse of the publike treasure and unworthy waste of the Crown-Land whereby he grew intollerable grievous to the Subjects The particular causes of the Dukes of Gloucester and Lancaster the Arch-Bishop of Canterbury the Earle of Arundel filled sundry Articles They charged ●im in the rest with dissimu●ation fa●shood ●osse of honour abroad in the world extortio●s rapine deniall of Justice rasu●es and e●b●zelling of records dishonourable shifts wicked Axi●mes of S●at● cruelty covetousnesse subordinations lasciviousness● reason to the rights of the Crown perjuries and bri●fly wi●h all sorts of unkingly vices and with absolute tyranni● Upon which it was concluded That he had broken his Cont●act made with the Kingdome or the Oath of Empire taken at his Coronation and adjudged by all the States in Parliament That it was sufficient cause to depose him and then the diffinitive sentence was passed upon him And wee shall wholly passe over Henry the 4. 5. and 6. Edward 4. and 5. Richard 3. Hen. 7. and 8. and shall come down to King Charles and not mention the particular miseries blood-sheds cruelties treason tyrannies and all manner of miseries that the free-born people of this Kingdome underwent in all or most of their wicked raigns especially in the Barons warres In which time the Inhabitants of England had neither life liberty nor estates that they could call their own there having been ten Batte●s of note fought in the Bowels of this Kingdome in two of their R●igns only viz. Hen. 6. and Edw. th● 4. In one of which 〈◊〉 there was 37. thousand English sl●i● Martine fol 393 394 ●95 I say w● wi●l p●ss● by all these a●d give you the Copy of the Oath that King Edward 2. and K●●g Edward h● 3. by authority of Parliamen● took and which all th● Kings and Queens of England since to this day at th●i● Coronation ●ither took or ought to have taken never having b● au●●ori●y of Parliament b●en altered since that I could hear of by which it will cleerly appeare that the Kings of England receive their Kingdoms co●di●io●all● The true Copy of whic● as I find it in this Parliaments Declaration made in reply to the Kings Declaration or answer ●o their Remonstrance dated 26. May 1642. and set down in the Booke of Declarations page 713. SIR Will you grant and keep and by your Oath confirme unto the People of England the Lawes and Customes granted to them by antient Kings of England rightfull men and devout to God and namely the Lawes and Customes and Franch●ses granted to the Clergie and to the People by the glorious King Edward to your power Sir Yee keepe to God and to Holy Church to the Clergie and to the People Peace and accord wholly after your power Sir Yee do to be kept in all your Domes and Iudgments true and even Righteousnesse with Mercie and Truth The King shall answer I shall doe it Sir Will you grant defend fulfill all rightfull Laws and Customes the which the COMMONS of Your Realme shall choose and shall strengthen and maintain them to the Worship of GOD after Your power The King shall answer I grant and behight And then the Arch-Bishop of Canterbury at the time of the Coronation goes or should goe to the four sides of the Scaffold where the King is crowned and declares and relates to all the People how that Our Lord the King had taken the said Oath enquiring of the same people If they would consent to have him their King and Liege Lord to obey him as their King and Liege Lord who with one accord consen●ed thereunto Now let all the world be judge whether the Kings of England receive their Kingdom●s by contract yea or no. And if they do receive them by contract as is already undeniably proved before Then what becomes of that wicked and tyrannicall Maxime avowed by King Charles immediatly after his Answer to the Petition of Right Book Statutes fol. 1434. viz. That he did owe an account of his actions to none but GOD alone And of that erroneous Maxime mentioned in Book Declaration pag. 266. viz. That Kingdomes are Kings own and that they may do with them what they will as if Kingdomes were for them and not they for their Kingdomes But if any man shall object and say that King Henry the 8. with his own hands altered this Oath and therefore it is not the same Oath which King Charles hath taken To which I a●sw●r and say The Parliament in their Declaration g●a●●s that King Hen. the 8. c. a●tered it but they also say pag. 712. They do conceive that neither he nor any other had power to alter it without an Act of Parliament And in pag. 708. 709. They say They well know what Kings have d●ne in this point But we know also say ●●ey that what they have done is no good rule alwayes to interpret what they ●●ght to have done for that they are bound to the observation of Lawes by their Oath is out of question and yet the contrary practised by them will appear in all ages as often But to put this out of doubt whosoever reades the Oath taken by this King which he himself sets down in his Declaration Book Declar. pag. 290 291. will find no materiall difference betwixt that which hee took and that which he ought to have taken saving in that clause of passing New Lawes But there is enough in that he tooke to prove my assertion viz. That he received his Crown by a Contract which further to prove I alledge the Petition of Right which whosoever seriously readeth with his Answer to it shall finde it to be a large and absolute Declaration of a contracted duty betwixt him and his people viz. That it was his duty to govern them by Law and not by his Prerogative Will And when his first answer to their Petition did not please the Parliament they pressed him again out of Right to give a satisfactory one Which he out of Duty doth saying Let right b● done as is desired So that this is a clear demonstration and enough to prove that there is not only a bare Contract betwixt the King and the People but also that he is bound by duty to grant such Lawes as they shall rationally choose although there were no such Statute as the 25. of Edward the 3. which they mention in pag. 268 nor no such clauses as they speak

shed in England Scotland and Ireland since these wars which is the blood of thousands of thousands For which if all the sons of men should be so base and wicked as not to doe their duty in executing justice upon him which Legally may and ought to bee done by those especially who have Power and Authority in their hands Yet undoubtedly the righteous God will and that I am confident in an exemplary manner in despight of all his bloody add wicked protectors and defenders For GOD is a just GOD and will revenge innocent blood even upon Kings Judg. 1 6 7. 1 Kings 21. 19. 22. 38. Isa 30. 33. Ezek. 32. 29. and will repay wicked and ungodly men Isai 59. 18. Therefore I desire those that shall thinke this a harsh saying to lay down the definition of a Tyrant in the highest degree and I am confident their own Consciences will tell them it is scarce possible to commit or doe that act of Tyranny that Charles Stewart is not guilty of and therefore de jure hath absolved all his people from their Allegeance and Obedience to him and which the Parliament are bound in duty and conscience De facto to declare and not to bee unjuster to the Kingdome then their predecessors have been which in part I have already memioned and shall to conclude only cite some particulars of the Parliaments just dealing with Edward the second who was not one quarter so bad as C. R who being called to account by the Parliament for his evill government and being imprisoned at Kenelworth-Castle the Parliament sent Commissioners to acquaint him with their pleasure the Bishops of Winches●●r Hereford and Lincoln two Earls two Abbots foure Barons two Justices three Knights for every County and for London and other principall places chiefly for the five Ports a certain number chosen by the Parliament And when they came to him they told him the Common-wealth had conceived so irreconcileable dislikes of his government the particulars whereof had been opened in the generall Assembly at London that it was resolved never to endure him as King any longer That notwithstanding those dislikes had not extended so far as for his sake to exclude his issue but that with universall applause and joy the Common-wealth had in Parliament elected his eldest sonne the Lord Edward for King They finally told him that unlesse he did of himselfe renounce his Crown and Scepter the people would neither endure him nor any of his children as their Soveraigne but disclaiming all Homage and Fealty would elect some other for King not of the Blood The King seeing it would be no better amongst other things told them That he sorrowed much that the people of the Kingdom were so exasperated against him as that they should utterly abhorre his any longer rule and soveraignty and therefore he besought all there present to forgive him and gave them thanks for chusing his eldest sonne to be their King which was greatly to his good liking that he was so gracious in their sight Whereupon they proceeded to the short Ceremony of his Resignation which principally consisted in the surrender of his Diadem and Ensignes of Majesty to the use of his son the new King Whereupon Sir William Trussel on the behalfe of the whole Realm renounced all homage and allegeance to the Lord Edward of Carnarvan late King The words of the definitive Sentence were these I William Trussel in the name of all men of the Land of England and all the Parliament Procurator resigne to thee Edward the Domage that was made to thee sometime and from this time forward now following I defy thee and deprive shee of all Royall power and I shall neuer be attendant to thee as for ●ing after this time But if any object It is true Subjects and people have de facto done this unto their Kings but they cannot doe it de jure for that Kings are above their people are not punishable by any but God I answer God is the fountain or efficient cause of all punishment But as to man instrumentally he inflicts by man And though he be our supream Lord and Law-Maker hath for bodily and visible transgressions of his Law appointed a visible and bodily punishment in this world for the transgressors thereof and man for his instrumentall executioner and never ordinarily doth it immediatly by himself but when his Instrument Man failes to doe his duty and being a God of order hath appointed a Magistrate or an impowred man as his and their executioner for the doing of justice and never goeth out of this Road but in extraordinary cases as he doth when the Magistrate is extraordinarily corrupted in the executing of his duty and in such cases God hath raised up particular or extraordinary persons to be his executioners And therefore God being no respecter of persons hath by nature created all men alike in power and not any lawlesse and none to bind each other against mutuall agreement and common consent and hath expr●sly commanded Man his rationall creature shall not tyrannize one over another or destroy by any intrusted power each other but that the intrusted Kings as well as others shall improve the utmost of their power and strength for the good and benefit protection and preservation of every individuall Trustee And whosoever he be that shall improve his intrusted power to the destruction of his impowrers forfeits his power And GOD the fountain of Reason and Justice hath endued man with so much reason mercy humanity and compassion to himself and his own Being as by the instinct Nature to improve his utmost power for his own preservation and defence which is a Law above all lawes and compacts in the world Declar. April 17. 1641. And whosoever rejects it and doth not use it hath obliterated the principles of Nature in himselfe degenerated into a habit worse then a beast and becomes felonious to himselfe and guilty of h●s own blood This Israel of old the Lords peculiar people understood as well as the people of England although they had 〈◊〉 expresse posi●ive law no more then we in England have to rebell or withdraw their obedience subjection from those Magistrates or Kings that exercise their power and authority contrary to the nature of their trust which is plain and cleare without dispute in the case of Rehoboam who was the son of Solomon who was the sonne of David who was assigned King by GOD and chosen and made King by the common consent of the people of Juda and Israel 2 Sam. 7. 13. And who by vertve of Gods promise to him and his seed to be Kings over his people had more to say for his Title to his and their Crown I am confident of it then all the Princes in the world have to say for their claim and childrens to their Crown For Rehoboam was not onely the sonne of Solomon who was in a manner intailed by God himselfe unto the Crown

the Dutely of Normandy and doe him homage for the same And then to make all sure with Pope Alexander whose thu●der-bolts of Excommunication were then of extraordinary dread and terror he promised him to hold it of the Apostolick See if hee prevailed in his enterprize Whereupon the Pope sent him a Banner of the Church with an Agnus of gold and one of the hai●es of St. Peter which was no small cause of prevailing the ●ase Clergy being then at the Popes beck and more minding their own particular self-interest then the welfare of their own native Countrey or the lives liberties estates of their brethren according to the slesh thereupon were the principall instrumentall cause that William the Bastard commonly called William the Conqueror had so easie an entrance to the possession of this kingdome Speed fol. 403 404. 405. 406. 413. 417. Daniel fol. 28 29 35 36. By means of which the Clergy beeraied their native Countrey to Robbers and Pirats and left the poore Commons to the mercilesse fury of mercilesse men And I wish they doe not now again the same with poore England now in her great distraction● for their interest is visible not to be the publickes but their pride covetousnesse and greatnesse Therefore O yee Commons of England beware of them and take heed you trust them not too much lest you be so deluded by them to your ruine and destruction And when William by their means principally as Daniel saith fo 36. had got possession of the Kingdom as you may partly before read p. 14 15 16 17 how extraordinary tyrannically he dealt with the poor natives and inhabitants By changing their laws and robbing them of their goods and lands at his will and pleasure and gave them away to his Norman Robbers And the poor Englishmen having all their livelihoods taken from them became slaves and vassals unto those Lords to whom the possessions were given And if by their diligence afterwards they could attain any portion of ground they held it but onely so long as it pleased their Lords without having any estates for themselves or their children and were oftentimes violently cast out upon any small displeasure contrary to all right Daniel fo 47. Speed 421 423 425. Insomuch that in those days it was a shame even among Englishmen to be an Englishman Speed fol. 422. 429. By means of all which he bestowd great rewards upō all those great men that came along with him and made them by h●s will the great men of England to help him to hold the people in subjection bondage and slavery for he made William Fitz-Auber the Norman the principall man under him to help for his designe Earle of Hartford who singly of himselfe took upon him meerly by the power of his own will to make Lawes in his own Earldome And unto Allayn another of his Comrades or trusty and well-beloved Consins he gave all the lands of Earle Edwin where on he built a Castle and whereof he made the Earldome of Richmond And unto William of Warren another of his Norman Robbers Marder ers he gave the Earldome of Surrey Speed fol. 437. And unto Walter Bishop of Durham another of his Comrades he sold the Earldome of Northumber land who there by the law of his owne will maintained Murderers and Rogues and there was murdered himselfe And unto his Brothers who came of his mother Arlet the Whore who after William the Bastard was borne was married to Harlain a Norman a Gentleman but of mean substance Odo and Robert he gave the Earldome of Ewe and Mortaigne Speed 417. Daniel 32. And afterwards Odo Earle of Kent and after that in his absence Vice-Roy of England And how this Beggar now set on Horse-back governed this poore distressed kingdome let the Conquerors own speech declare recorded by Speed fol. 431. At the time when William came out of Normandy found his brother Odo a Bishop as well as an Earle at the Isle of Wight with divers Noble men and Knights his attendants then going to Rome with an expectation there to be Pope being grown extraordinary rich with his polling of this poore Kingdome Vpon which the King in presence of his Nobles thus spake Excellent Peeres I beseech you hearken to my words and give me your counsell At my sailing into Normandy I lest England to the government of ODO MY BROTHER who a little further in his speech hee saith hath greatly oppressed England spoyling the Churches of land and rents hath made them naked of Ornaments given by our predecessors and hath seduced my Knights with purpose to train them over the Alps who ought to defend the land against the Nations of Scots Danes Irish and other enemies over-strong for me And a little below that my brother saith he to whom I committed the whole kingdom violently plucketh away their goods cruelly grindeth the poore and with a vain hope stealeth away my Knights from me and by oppression hath exasperated the whole land with unjust taxations Consider therefore most NOBLE LORDS and give mee I pray you your advice what is herein to be done And in conclusion the King adjudged him to prison yet not as a Bishop who then it seemes had large exemptions but as an Earl subject to the lawes and censure of his King Which accordingly saith Speed was done upon seizure of estate this Prelate was whose found so well lined in purse that his ●eaps of yellow mettle did moveadmiration to the beholders So that here you have the true story of the subversion of the ancient manner of Parliaments the ancient Lawes and Liberties of Government of this Kingdome and a Law innovated and introduced flowing meerly frō the will of a Bastard Thief Robber tirant You have here also a true Declaration of the original rise of the pretended legislative power of Earles Lords and Barons the Peers Competitors and trusty and wel-beloved Cousins and Hereditary Counsellors of our Kings which was meerly and only from the wills and pleasures of this cruell and bloudy Tyrant and his Successors And no better claime have our present house of Peers either for their legislative power or judicative power then this as is cleerly manifest by their own fore-mentioned Declaration cited pag. 45. and therefore say I are no legall Judicature at all nor have no true legislative or law-making power at all in them having never in the least derived it from the people the true legislaters and fountain of power from whom only and alone must be fetched all derivative power that either will or can be esteemed just And therfore the Lords challenging all the power they have by their bloud and deriving it from no other fountain but the Kings Letters-Pattents flowing meerly from his will pleasure I groundedly conclude they have thereby no judicative power no nor legislative power at all in them for the King cannot give more to them then he himself hath and he hath neither of these powers viz. a

ruled and governed by the King and his Prerogative Nobles and by lawes flowing from their wils and pleasures and not made by common consent by the peoples commissions assembled in Parliament as it is now at this day but he and his successors giving such large Charters to their Compeeres and great Lords as to one to be Lord great Chamberlain of Englands another Lord Constable of England to another Lord Admirall of England c. By meanes of which they had such vast power in the kingdome having then at their beck all the chiefe Gentlemen and Free-holders of England that used to wait upon them in blew Jackets so that they were upon any discontent able to combine against their Kings their absolute creators and hold their noses to the grind-stone and rather give a Law unto them then receive a law from them in which great streits our former Kings for curbing the greatnesse of these their meere creatures now grown insolent were forced to give new Charters Commissions and Writs unto the Commons then generally absolute vassals to choose so many Knights and Burgesles as they in their own breasts should think fit to be able by joyning with them to curb their potent and insolent Lords or trusty and well-beloved Cousins which was all the end they first called the Commons together for yet this good came out of it that by degrees the Commons came to understand in a greater measure their rights and to know their own power and strength By means of which with much struggling we in this age come to enjoy what wee have by Magna Charta the Petition of Right and the good and just Lawes made this present Parliament c. which yet is nothing nigh so much as by right we ought to enjoy For the forementioned Author of the book called The manner of holding Parliaments in England as 20 21. pages declares plainly that in times by-past there was neither Bishop Earle nor Baron and yet even then Kings kept Parliaments And though since by incursion Bishops Earles and Barons have been by the Kings prerogative Charters summoned to sit in Parliament yet notwithstanding the King may hold a Parliament with the Commonalty or Commons of the Kingdome without Bishops Earles and Barons And before the Conquest he positively declares it was a right that all things which are to be affirmed or informed granted or denied or to be done by the Parliament must be granted by the Commonalty of the Parliament who he affirmes might refuse though summoned to come to Parliament in case the King did not governe them as he ought unto whom it was lawfull in particular to point out the Articles in which he misgoverned them And suitable to this purpose is Mr. John Vowels judgment which Mr. Pryn in his above-mentioned book pag. 43. cites out of Holinsh Chro. of Ireland fol. 127 128. His words as Mr. Pryn cites them are thus Yet neverthelesse if the King in due order have summoned all his Lords and Barons and they wil not come or if they come they will not yet appear or if they come appear yet will not do or yeeld to any thing Then the King with the consent of his Commons may ordain and establish any Acts or Lawes which are as good sufficient and effectuall as if the Lords had given their consents but on the contrary if the Commons be summoned and will not come or coming will not appear or appearing will nor consent to do any thing alleadging some just weighty and great cause The King in these cases * Cromptons jurisdictiō of courts fo 84 Hen. 7. 18. H. 7 14. 1. H. 7 27. Parliament 42. 76 33● H 6. 17. dju-lged accordingly prerogative 134. cannot with his Lords devise make or establish any Law The reasons are when Parliaments were first begun and ordained THERE WERE NO PRELATES OR BARONS OF THE PARLIAMENT AND THE TEMPORALL LORDS were very few or none and then the King and his Commons did make a full Parliament which authority was never hitherto abridged Again every Baron in Parliament doth represent but his owne person and speaketh in he behalf of himself alone But the Knights Citizens and Burgesses are represented in the Commons of the whole Realm and every of these giveth not consent for himself but for all those also for whom he is sent And the King with the consent of his COMMONS had ever a sufficient and full authority to make ordain and establish good wholesome Lawes for the Common-wealth of his Realm Wherefore the Lords being lawfully summoned and yet refusing to come sit or consent in Parliament can●ot by their folly abridge the King and the Commons of their lawfull proceedings in Parliament Thus and more John Vowel alias Hooker in his order usage how to keep a Parliament which begins in the foresaid History pag. 121. and continues to pag. 130. printed Cum Privil●gio And Sir Edward Cook in his Institutes on Magna Charta proves That the Lords and Peers in many Charters and Acts are included under the name of the Commons or Commonalty of England And in his Exposition of the second Chapter of Magna Char●a 2. part Institutes fol. 5. He declares that when the Great Charter was made there was not in England either Dukes Marquesse or Viscounts So that to be sure they are all Innovators and Intruders and can claime no originall or true interest to sit in Parliament sith they are neither instituted by common consent nor yet had any being from the first beginings of Parliaments in England either before the Conquest or since the Conquest nor the first Duke saith Sir Edward Cook Ibidem that was created since the Conquest was Edw. the black Prince In the 11. year of Edw. the third and Rob. de Vere Earl of Oxford was in the 8. year of Richard the 2. created Marquesse of Dublin in Ireland And he was the first Marquesse that any of our Kings created The first Viscount that I find saith he of Record and that sate in Parliament by that name was John Beumont who in the 8. yeer of Hen. the 6. was created Viscount Beumont And therefore if Parliaments be the most high and absolute power in the Realm as undeniably they are for Holinshed in his fore-mentioned Chronicle in the D●scription of England speaking of the high Court of Parliament and authority of the same saith pag. 173. thereby Kings and mighty Princes have from time to time been deposed from their Th●ones ●awes either enacted or abrogated offendors of all sorts punished c. Then much more may they disthrone or depose these Lordly prerogative Innovators and Intruders and for my part I shall think that the betrusted Commissioners of the Commons of England now assembled in Parliament have not faithfully discharged their duty to their Lords and Masters the people their impowerers till they have effectually and throughly done it And if the Lords would be willing to come and sit with them as one house