separately and is also to be found among the Historians of Hispania Illustrata Printed at Francfurt A. D. 1603. WILLIAM of APULIA wrote in the end of this Century at the request of Pope Urban II. a Poem on the same Subject Printed separately at Paris in 1652. as also in the Collection of the Historians of Normandy by Du Chesne and in that of the Historiographers of Sicily BERTULPHUS or BERNULPHUS a Priest of Constance besides a Continuation Bertulphus Priest of Constance of Hermannus Contractus's Chronicle and an History of his Time from the Year 1053. to the end of the Century compos'd a Treatise to shew that the Company of excommunicated Persons ought to be avoided and some other small Tracts in favour of Pope Gregory VII which were publish'd by Gretzer in his Apology for Cardinal Bellarmin Printed at Ingolstadt A. D. 1612. NALGOD a Monk of Cluny wrote in the end of the Century the Lives of St. Odo Nalgod Monk of Cluny Othlo Monk of St. Boniface Ingulphus Abbot of Croyland and St. Mayol set forth by the Bollandists and by Father Mabillon OTHLO a Priest and Monk of the Monastery of St. Boniface in Germany is the Writer of the Life of that Saint sometime Arch-bishop of Mentz which was publish'd by Canisius in the fourth Tome of his Antiquities and by Father Mabillon in the second Tome of the third Benedictin Century INGULPHUS an English Man of the City of London the Son of an Officer belonging to King Edward's Court appli'd himself to Study in his Youth and acquir'd so great Reputation for his Learning that William Duke of Normandy passing into England brought him back with his Retinue and made him his principal Minister He undertook a Journey to the Holy Land A. D. 1064. and returning from thence was admitted into the Monastery of Fontanelle of which he was made Prior soon after in 1076. William I. King of England invited him over into this Kingdom and constituted him Abbot of Croyland from whence he had turn'd out Wulketulus but Ingulphus obtain'd leave to retire from that Abbey the History of which he compos'd from A. C. 664. to 1091. It was publish'd by Sir Henry Savil in 1596. and among the Historians of England Printed at London in 1684. This Author died in 1109. THIERRY a Monk of St. Peter at Ghent and afterwards Abbot of St. Trudo in the Thierry Abbot of St. Trudo Diocess of Liege wrote the Lives of St. Bavo St. Trudo St. Rumold and St. Landrada publish'd by Surius Trithemius says That he was likewise the Author of a Life of St. Benedict and of an Account of the Translation of his Body with certain Letters and some other Works in Prose and Verse He flourish'd A. D. 1050. ALPHANUS a Monk of Mount Cassin afterward Abbot of St. Benedict at Salerno Alphanus Arch bishop of Salerno Amatus a Bishop of Italy and at last Bishop of that City from A. D. 1057. to 1086. is reputed to be the Author of divers Hymns in Honour of the Saints and of some other Poetical Pieces referr'd to by Ughellus in the second Tome of Italia Sacra AMATUS a Monk of Mount Cassin and Bishop in Italy although 't is not known of what Church compos'd four Books in Verse dedicated to Pope Gregory VII on the Actions of the Apostles St. Peter and St. Paul and eight Books of the History of the Normans which as they say are kept in Manuscript in the Library of Mount Cassin He likewise wrote certain Poems in commendation of Gregory VII on the Twelve precious Stones of the Breast-plate of the High Priest and on the Celestial Jerusalem HEPIDANNUS a Monk of St. Gall who flourish'd during a considerable part of Hepidannus Monk of St Gall. this Century is the Author of a Chronicle which begins at the Year 709. and ends in 1044. It is inserted in the Collection of the Historians of Germany set forth by Goldastus and Printed at Francfurt in 1606. He likewise compos'd two Books of the Life and Miracles of St. Wiborad dedicated to Ulric Abbot of St. Gall which are referr'd to in the same Place as also by the Bollandists and by Father Mabillon They were written A. D. 1072. and this Author might be Dead in 1080. MARIANUS a Scotch-man or Irish-man by Nation related to Venerable Bede if Marianus Scotus we may give Credit to Matthew of Westminster was born A. D. 1028. turn'd Monk in 1052. pass'd over into Germany in 1058. was ten Years a Recluce in the Monastery of Fulda and spent the rest of his Life at Mentz where he died in 1086. He compos'd a Chronicle from the Creation of the World to A. D. 1083. in which he follow'd Cassiodorus It was continu'd to the Year 1200. by Dodechin Abbot of St. Dysibod in the Diocess of Trier and was Printed in several Places more especially among the German Historians LAMBERT of ASCHAFFEMBURG assum'd the Monastick Habit in the Lambert Monk of Hirsfeldt Convent of Hirsfeldt under the Abbot Meginher A. D. 1058. was ordain'd Priest the same Year by Lupold Arch-bishop of Mentz and soon after undertook a Journey to Jerusalem without the Knowledge of his Abbot from whence he return'd the next Year He compos'd an Historical Chronology from the Creation of the World to A. D. 1077. which is only an Epitome of general History to the Year 1050. and a particular History of Germany of a competent largeness from that Year to 1077. This Work is written with a great deal of Accuracy and Elegancy and there are few German Authors who have shew'd so much Politeness in their Writings It was Printed separately at Tubingen in 1533. and also among the Historians of Germany ADAM a Canon of Bremen in the Year 1077. compos'd four Books of the Ecclesiastical History of his Church in which he treats of the original and propagation of the Adam Canon of Bremen Christian Religion in the Diocesses of Bremen and Hamburg from the time of the Emperor Charlemagne to that of Henry IV. He has annex'd at the end a small Treatise of the situation of Denmark and other Northern Kingdoms of the Nature of those Countries and of the Religion and Manners of the Inhabitants The whole Work was publish'd by Lidembrocius and Printed at Hanaw A. D. 1579. at Leyden in 1595. and afterwards at Helmstadt in 1670. Sigebert and Trithemius make mention of a Benedictin Monk of Mets nam'd ALBERT Albert a Benedictin Monk of Mets. Anselm a Benedictin Monk of Rheims Gonthier Monk of S. Amand. who wrote certain Works and among others an History of his Time dedicated to the Bishop of that Diocess They likewise take notice of another Benedictin Monk of the City of Rheims nam'd ANSELM who compos'd an Historical Account of the Voyage of Pope Leo IX to France of the Synods he held there and of other Affairs transacted by him in that Kingdom This Piece was call'd Pope Leo's Itinerary Lastly Sigebert
lawful Pope VIII VI. Guibert Grand Lord of Parma and Chancellor to Henry Emperor of Germany is ordain'd Archbishop of Ravenna A Council at Mantua  in the Council of Mantua and pardons Cadalous who dies a little while after      1065 IV. IX VII The Heresy of the Nicolaitans condemn'd in two Councils held at Rome A Council at Rome Another Council at Rome A Council at Elna in Roussillon Lanfranc 1066 V. X. VIII John Xiphylin is chosen Patriarch of Constantinople instead of Constantin Lichudes The Charters of Edward King of England for authorizing the Confirmation of the Privileges of the Church of Westminster which was granted by the Popes Leo IX and Nicolas II. William Duke of Normandy passes over into England and defeats Harald who had taken Possession of the Throne after the death of King Edward   1067 VI. XI IX Constantin Ducas dies leaving 3 Children and his Wife Eudoxia who takes upon her the Administration of the Government    1068 VII XII II. Eudoxia marries Romanus Diogenes who is proclaim'd Emperor I. Peter Damian is sent Legat into Germany to hinder the Emperor Henry from divorcing Bertha his Wife Marianus Scotus who liv'd as a Recluse in the Monastery of Fulda goes to Mentz to end his Life there in the same Quality   1069 VIII XIII II. The death of Maurillus Archbishop of Rouen Lanfranc refuses to accept of that Archbishoprick which is obtain'd by John de Bayeux Bishop of Auranchez Lanfranc goes to Rome to cause that Translation to be ratify'd and to get the Pall for the same Archbishop The Emperor Henry endeavours to get himself divorc'd from Bertha in the Council of Mentz but is oppos'd by Peter Damian the Pope's Legat. A Council at Mentz The death of Evershelm Abbot of Aumont 1070 IX XIV III. Lanfranc is oblig'd to accept of the Archbishoprick of Canterbury The Pope gives leave to Gebehard Archbishop of Saltzburg to erect a Bishoprick in his Province A Council at Windsor Benno Cardinal 1071 X. XV. IV. Romanus Diogenes is taken Prisoner by the Turks and Michael the Son of Constantin Ducas is proclaim'd Emperor Diogenes being deliver'd has his Eyes put out by Michael's Order and dies a little while after Charles nominated by the Emperor Henry to the Bishoprick of Constance not being able to get Ordination by reason of Simoniacal Practices resigns his Ring and Crosier-staff to the Emperor in the Council of Mentz A Council at Mentz A Council held at Winchester this year Theophylact. 1072 XI XVI II. Peter Damian is sent by the Pope to Ravenna to take off the Excommunication denounc'd against that City by reason of the Contests which the Bishop of that Diocess had with the See of Rome A Council at Rouen Hepidannus writes two Books of the Life and Miracles of St. Wiborada 1073 XII Alexander dies April 22. and Hildebrand is chosen in his place on the same day He is ordain'd Priest and consecrated Pope under the Name of Gregory 7th in the Month of June I. XVII III. William Archbishop of Auche and Pontius Bishop of Beziers are depos'd by Gerald Cardinal of Ostia the Pope's Legat for having voluntarily communicated with certain Persons who lay under a Sentence of Excommunication Pope Alexander confirms the Settlement of a Convent of Regular Canons made by Altman Bishop of Passaw Dominic Patriarch of Venice is deputed by Pope Gregory to negotiate at Constantinople about the Re-union of the Greek and Latin Churches Pope Gregory's Decree against Persons guilty of Simony and against Clerks who marry or keep Concubines Letters written by the same Pope to the Bishops and Princes about putting that Decree in execution Other Letters by Gregory against Godfrey Archbishop of Milan and the Bishops of Lombardy who were excommunicated for their Simoniacal Practices But they were protected by Henry Emperor of Germany which gave occasion to the Dissensions that afterward broke forth between that Prince and the Pope A Council at Erford The death of Peter Damian on Febr. 23. Robert de Tombalene Abbot of St. Vigor William Abbot of St. Arnulphus at Metz. Hugh Bp. of Die Anselm Bishop of Lucca Manasses Arch-bishop of Rheims 1073   Anselm who succeeded Pope Alexander II. in the Bishoprick of Lucca but repenting that he had receiv'd the Investiture of that Bishoprick from the Emperor Henry IV. retir'd to the Monastery of Cluny from whence he was recall'd by the Pope to govern his Bishoprick Landric Arch-deacon of Autun is chosen Bishop of Mascon and consecrated the next Year by the Pope the Bishops of France not daring to ordain him The Pope's Complaints and Menaces against Philip I. King of France Pope Gregory lays claim to Spain and by vertue of it gives to Ebol Count of Rocey all the Countries that he could wrest out of the Hands of the Saracens on condition that he should hold them of the Holy See and should pay him a certain Tribute He exacts an Oath of Allegiance of Landulphus Duke of Benevento and of Richard Duke of Capua He promises the Pall to Bruno Bishop of Verona provided he come to Rome to receive it there in Person He confirms all the Privileges granted by Alexander II. to Wradislaâ—s Duke of Bohemia Jeromir Bishop of Prague is suspended and depriv'd of the Revenues of his Church by the Pope's Legats for opposing their reception in Bohemia A Contest between the same Bishop of Prague and the Bishop of Moravia for the possession of certain Territories The Pope's Remonstrance to the Inhabitants of Carthage some of whom had deliver'd up Cyriacus their Bishop into the Hands of the Saracens    1074 II. XVIII IV. Garnier Bishop of Strasburg excommunicated for Simoniacal Practices is absolv'd in the Council of Rome Hugh is ordain'd Bishop of Die by the Pope in that Council A Decree against Investitures made by the Pope in the same Council according to the Relation of some Authors Robert Guiscard Duke of Apulia is excommunicated in the same Council of Rome The Agreement between the Bishops of Prague and Moravia confirm'd by the Pope's Bull dated March 2. William Archbishop of Auche and Pontius Bishop of Beziers restor'd to their respective Sees The Pope reproves the Inhabitants of Ragusa for imprisoning Vitalis their Bishop and substituting another in his room He summons both the Bishops to Rome if the A Council at Rouen A Council at Rome Another at Poitiers A Council held at Erford in the Month of Octob.  1074   Matter cannot be determin'd by his Legat in that City The Pope's Legats sent to the Emperor Henry about the Affair of the Bishops of Lombardy The Contest between those Legats and Sigefred Archbishop of Mentz about the Right of calling a Council which the Archbishop claim'd as Vicar of the Holy See The Legats return'd without any effect of their Negotiation The first Project of a Crusade form'd by the Pope The Pope's Letters to divers
Phlegmon Archbishop of that City ibid. King Edward's Laws ibid. King Ethelstan's Laws ibid. An Ecclesiastical Assembly under King Edmund ibid. Odo Archbishop of Canterbury 64 An Assembly of Bishops at London in the year 948. ibid. S. Dunstan Archbishop of Canterbury ibid. A General Council of England in the year 973. 65 A Council under S. Dunstan and King Edgar ibid. A Council at Winchester in the year 975. ibid. S. Ethelwold Bishop of Winchester ibid. Alfric or Aelfric Archbishop of Canterbury 66 Fridegod Monk of S. Saviour at Canterbury ibid. Lanfrid and Wulstan Monks of Winchester ibid. CHAP. VI. Observations on the Ecclesiastical Affairs of the Tenth Century ibid. Controversies about Doctrinal Points ibid. Of the Eucharist ibid. Of the Pope's Authority 67 Several Points of Discipline 68 The Canonization of Saints 69 The Institution of the Seven Electors of the Empire 70 A Chronological Table of the Ecclesiastical History of the Tenth Age of the Church A Chronological Table of the Ecclesiastical Authors who flourish'd in the Tenth Century A Table of the Works of the Ecclesiastical Authors of the Tenth Century A Table of the Writings of the Ecclesiastical Authors dispos'd according to the Matters they treat of An Alphabetical Table of the Ecclesiastical Authors in this Century An Alphabetical Table of the Councils held in this Century An Alphabetical Table of the Principal Matters contain'd in this Volume AN HISTORY OF THE CONTROVERSIES AND OTHER Ecclesiastical Affairs Which happen'd in the Tenth Century A. D. 90â— CHAP. I. An Account of the most Considerable Transactions in the Eastern Church during the Tenth Century AT the beginning of this Century Leo the Philosopher one of the most Learned Leo the Philosopher Emperor of the East Emperors the Greeks ever had govern'd the Empire of the East This Prince having had three Wives successively and no Issue Male by either of them being desirous of a Son to succeed him marries a fourth Wife by name Zoe by whom he already had a Son before the Nuptials But a third Marriage being prohibited in the East and Leo himself having enacted a Law against such as should contract such a The Disturbances which happen'd in the Eastern Church upon the account of Leo's 4th Marriage Marriage Nicholas the Patriarch of Constantinople refuses to marry this Prince to this fourth Wife deposes Presbyter Thomas who ventur'd to do it and excommunicates the Emperor himself Leo had recourse to the Pope for his Approbation of the Marriage and because such successive Marriages how often soever contracted were tolerated in the West he easily obtain'd from Pope Sergius the point he desired This Pope sent his Legats into the East to confirm the Marriage of Leo but the Patriarch of Constantinople would not give the least ground nor acknowledge the Emperor's Marriage as valid or his Son Constantine Porphyrogenneta as lawful Heir to the Crown The Emperor did all he could to change his Mind but finding him fix'd in his Resolution he banish t him in the beginning of the year 901 and plac d in his Room Euthymius who held the Patriarchal See of Constantinople till about the end of Leo's Reign For Nicholas himself assures Nicholas the Patriarch of Constantinople is banish'd us that this Prince touch'd with the remorse of what he had done recall d him from his Exile and re-establish'd him a little before his Death In which matter he is rather to be credited than those Authors who tell us that he was recall'd by Alexander the Brother of Leo which happen'd after the Death of this Prince in the year 911 the time when he was declar'd Governor to Constantine Porphyrogenneta Let it be how it will Euthymius fell into disgrace and was banish'd and dy'd shortly after And Nicholas's Interest so far prevail'd Nicholas is re-establish'd that after the Death of Alexander who did not out-live his Brother above thirteen Months he was chosen Tutor of the Young Emperor It was at this time that he wrote The Letters of Nicholas Patriarch of Constannople to the Pope and others a long Letter to the Pope acquainting him of the whole Contest with the Emperor Leo about his last Marriage and stiffly maintain'd contrary to the Practice and Opinion of the Church of Rome that to marry a third or fourth time was absolutely unlawful But the Patriarch having received no answer from Rome wrote another to Pope John wherein he offers to observe a fair Correspondence and Union with the holy See provided he would own that a fourth Marriage was not to be permitted to the Emperor unless by way of Indulgence or Consideration of his Royal Person and that in itself it was unlawful The same Patriarch wrote several other Letters viz. to Simeon Prince of Bulgaria recommending the Legats which the Pope sent him One to the Prince of Armenia upon the Conversion of several Armenians who had abandoned their Errors another to the Prince of the Saracens to disswade him from persecuting the Christians One wrote from the Place of his Exile to the Bishops who had own'd Euthymius for their Patriarch and two other Letters of Compliment one to the Prince of Lombardy and the other to the Prince of the Amalphitans The Empress Zoe who had taken the Government into her own hands and had expell'd The re-union of the Clergy of Constantinople the Patriarch Nicholas from Court in the year 914 was her self divested of her Authority in the year 919 and thrust into the Monastery of Saint Euphemia by Patricius Romanus whom Constantine had made his Partner in the Throne Hitherto the Clergy of Constantinople were divided into two Parties one declaring for Nicholas the other for Euthymius but were re-united in the year 920 and made a Treaty of Union in an Ecclesiastical Convocation by which without disanulling any thing that was past they absolutely prohibited for the future a fourth Marriage under the pain of Excommunication to be inflicted on those who should contract such Marriage and to be in force during the continuance of such Marriage They likewise inflicted a Pennance of five years on such as should marry a third time being above forty years old And a Pennance of three years on such as should re-marry after thirty years of Age if they had any Children by their former Marriages By this Regulation was the Church of Constantinople restor'd to its former Quier the Peaceable possession of which Nicholas enjoy'd to his Death which happen'd in the year The Patriarchs of Constantinople who succeeded Nicholas 930. Stephen the Arch-bishop of Amasea was his Successor who presided over this Church almost three years After his Death the Patriarchal See of Constantinople was design'd for Theophilact the Emperor's Son but he being under age this Dignity was repos'd by way of Trust in the hands of one Tripho a Monk He being once in possession refus'd to resign his Place to Theophilact but the Emperor made use of one who cunning
contrary Custom had prevail'd We find in this Century the first Example of the Benediction of a Bell for there is no mention made of them in the Authors of the preceding Ages who have treated at large of Ceremonies Father Menard cites in his Notes on S. Gregory's Sacramentary two ancient Manuscripts which prescribe the Ceremonies of this Benediction but it is not certain that they are more ancient than the Tenth Century At that time also they began to recite as a part of Divince Service the Office of the Virgin Mary It is related in the Life of S. Ulric that that Saint was wont to say it every day and in the continuation of the History of the Bishops of Verdun mention is made of a certain Clerk whom Berenger Bishop of that City the Kinsman of Otho the Great met in the Church lying prostrate on the Ground and saying the Office of the Bless'd Virgin Peter Damien in the following Century in like manner makes mention of two Clerks who were wont to recite it every day and Pope Urban II. ordain'd in the Council of Clermont that the Office of the Virgin Mary should be said on Saturday We may also observe that the Councils and Bishops of those Times pronounc'd Eternal Anathema's that is to say perpetual Excommunications without hopes of Absolution against the Usurpers of Church Revenues and against those that offer'd any Injury to Ecclesiastical Persons The manner of clearing those that were accused of any Crime by Fire or Water Ordeal or by a Duel between two Champions was then in use and even Clergy-men were oblig'd to provide a Champion but there were certain Times when all Acts of Hostility ceas'd which were call'd The Truce of God In this Century we find the first Example of the Solemn Canonization of a Saint by the Pope This Pope is John XV. who plac'd S. Ulric in the Rank of the Saints in the year 995. at the request of Liutolphus Bishop of Augâ—burg We shall here subjoyn the Act it self which was drawn The Canonization of Saints up on that occasion John Bishop Servant of the Servants of God to all Archbishops Bishops and Abbots of France and Germany Greeting and the Apostolical Benediction Having held an Assembly in the Palace of the Lateran on the last day of January John the most Holy Pope sitting with the Bishops Priests Deacons and Clergy standing the most Reverend Liutolphus Bishop of Augsburg rising up said Most Holy Bishop if it may please you and the rest of the Reverend Bishops and Priests here present to give leave to read in your presence the Book which I hold in my hand concerning the Life and Miracles of S. Ulric who was sometime Bishop of Augsburg to the end that you may afterwards ordain what you shall think fit Then the Life of that Saint being read they proceeded to the Miracles which were perform'd by him either in his Life-time or after his Death as the restoring of Sight to the Blind the Exorcising of Devils out of possessed Persons the Curing of others afflicted with the Palsie and several other Miracles which were not committed to writing These things being thus related we have resolv'd and ordain'd with the common consent that the Memory of S. Ulric ought to be honour'd with a pious Affection and a sincere Devotion by reason that we are oblig'd to honour and shew respect to the Relicks of the Martyrs and Confessors in order to Adore him whose Martyrs and Confessors they are We honour the Servants to the end that this honour may redound to the Lord It is our pleasure therefore that the Memory of Ulric be Consecrated to the Honour of the Lord and that it may serve to celebrate his Praises for ever Then follows the Anathema against those who shall act any thing contrary to this Decree with the Seals of the Pope of five Bishops of nine Cardinal Priests and of some Deacons This is the first Solemn Bull of Canonization for the more ancient Examples which are produc'd of the Canonization of S. Suitbert by Pope Leo III. and that of S. Abbo Martyr by Adrian I. at the request of Offa King of the Mercians in the end of the Eighth Century are only grounded on Supposititious Pieces nay the very Name of Canonization in that sense is yet more Modern then the Tenth Century and is found only in the Bull of Pope Alexander III. For the Canonization of S. Edward the Confessor King of England in the year 1161. in that of the Canonization of S. Thomas of Canterbury Eight years after and in the Letter of Ulric Bishop of Constance to Calixtus II. in which he sues for the Canonization of Bishop Conrad In the Primitive Church the Name of Saint was given to all Christians in their Life-time and even after their Death when they dyed in the Communion of the Church having preserv'd the Innocence of their Baptism but a more particular respect was shewn to those who dyed upon the account of Religion and were call'd Martyrs of Jesus Christ so that the Evidence of the Matter of Fact and the Testimony of the Faithful caus'd that Veneration to be paid to their Memory which their generous Constancy had merited nevertheless it belong'd to the Bishops and Clergy to make a Catalogue of those who deserv'd that honour and to distinguish the false Martyrs from the true Therefore S. Cyprian in his Ninty seventh Letter admonishes his Clergy to take care exactly to mark all the days of the Death of those who suffer'd Martyrdom to the end that their Memory might be celebrated with the other Martyrs Optatus Milevitanus reproves Lucilius for kissing every day even before the Communion the Relick of a certain Person who was said to be a Martyr but was not yet acknowledg'd as such It is reported that Pope Clement I. appointed seven Deacons and Fabian as many Sub-Deacons to commit the Acts of the Martyrs to writing but this Matter of Fact being grounded only on the Authority of the Author of the Pontifical Book is of no great Consequence and so much the rather in regard that we are inform'd by the Popes Gelasius and Gregory that these Acts were not much valu'd by the Church of Rome which was content only to have a Catalogue of the Saints and Martyrs who were to be honour'd The Councils of Laodicea Carthage and Elvira ordain'd that great care be taken to make a due distinction between the true and false Martyrs and the Example of S. Martin of Tours and several other Reverend Bishops who disswaded the People from the Superstitious Worship of false Martyrs apparently shews that it belongs to all the Bishops to declare what Martyrs ought to be acknowledg'd and publickly honour'd After the Martyrs in process of time was likewise honour'd the Memory of Virgins Anchorites Bishops renown'd for their Sanctity and lastly of those Persons whose singular Vertues were remarkable in their Life-time Their Names were inserted in the Dypticks that were
the end of twenty days John IX is substituted in his room XVII  Nicolas Patriarch of Constantinople is depos'd by Leo's order for refusing to approve his fourth Marriage and Euthymius is set up in his place  Solomon Bishop of Constantz Bonno or Bavo Abbot of Corbie in Saxony 902 II. XVIII The Incursions of the Huns or Hungarians in Italy subdued by Berenger John replies to Hervè Archbishop of Rheims about the Conversion of the Normans  Hervé or Hervaeus Archbishop of Rheims Adalbero Bishop of Augsburg 903 III. XIX  Stephâ—n Abbot of Loâ—â—s is orâ—…'d Bishop oâ— Liegâ— Â Â 904 IV. John IX after having crown'd Berengâ—r retires to Ravenna and declares Lambert Emperor XX. Lewis the Son of Boson is taken by Berenger who causes his Eyeâ— to be put out and himself to be crown'd Emperor Lambert contends with him for that Dignity aâ—d is own'd by the Pope and by the Italians Argrin Bishop of Langres is restor'd to his Bishoprick by Pope John IX Lambert is acknowledg'd Emperor in the Council of Rome to the exclusion of Berâ—nger and in that quality he confirms the ancient Priviledges of the Church of Rome in the Council of Ravenna Councils at Rome and Ravenna in favour of the memory of Pope Formosus The Council of Cantâ—rbury under King Edward and Phlegmond Archbishop of that Province Hatto Archbishop of Mentz and Theotmar Metropolitan of Bavaria write to Pope John IX Stephen Abbot of Lobes and afteâ—ward Bishop of Liege 905 V. The death of John IX Benedict IV. succeedâ— him I. XXI    The death of Waldramnus Bishop of Straâ—burg 906 II. The death of Benedict 4. Leo V. is substituted in his room expell'd 40 days after and imprison'd by Christophilus who usurps the See of Rome XXII   The Laws of Edward King of England  907 Chrâ—stophilus is turn'd out seven months after by Sergius made Antipope in the time of Formosus XXIII     908 II. XXIV     909 III. XXV   A Council at Trosly under Herve Archbishop of Rheims  910 IV. Sergius dying Anastasius is plac'd on the See of Rome I. XXVI Lambert is kill'd by Treachery Berenger remains the sole Master of Italy The founding of the Abbey of Cluny by William Count of Auvergne and Duke of Aquitain  Rathodus Bishop of Utrecht 911 II. XXVII The death of the Emperor Leo June 11. Alexander's Brother is declar'd Tutor to his Son Constantine Porphyrogenneta I.  Nicolas Patriarch of Constantinople is recall'd some time before Leo's death Euthymius Patriarch of Constantinople is banish'd and dies in exile a little while after  Letters written by Nicolas Patriarch of Constantinople 912 III. The death of Pope Anastasius Lando succeeds him In the end of the same year John X. is chosen Pope by the intrigues of Theodora II. Alexander being dead Nicolas the Patriarch is chosen Tutor to the young Emperor Conrad is elected King of Germany after the death of Lewis IV. John Deacon of Ravenna is chosen Bishop of Bolonia leaves that Bishoprick to be made Archbishop of Ravenna and at last aspires to the Papal Dignity  The death of Notger the Stammerer 913 I. III. II.    914 II. IV. Zoe the Emperor's Mother turns out the Patriarch Nicolas and assumes the administration of the Government III.    915 III. V. IV.    916 IV. VI. V.    917 V. VII VI.    918 VI. VIII VII The death of Conrad who leaves for his successor Henry sirnam'd the Fowler the son of Otho Duke of Saxony   The death of Raâ—bodus Bishop of Utrecht 919 VII IX Zâ—â— is banish'd from the Court Romanus associated to the Empire by Constantine I.   The Death of Solomon Bishop of Constantz 920 VIII X. II. Nicolas Patriarch of Constantinople is re-establish'd a second time A Treaty of Agreement between the Partisans of Nicolas and Euthymius A Contest about the Bishoprick of Liege between Hilduin and Richerus Another Contest touching the Arch-bishoprick of Narbonne between Agius and Gerard. A Council at Constantinople about the fourth Marriage Odilo Monk of S. Medard at Soissoins The death of Stephen Bishop of Liege Letters by King Charles the Simple in favour of Richerus against Hilduin 921 IX XI III.  A Council at Trosly under Harvé Arch-bishop of Rheims  922 X. XII IV. Robert is elected and and crown'd K. of France in opposition to Charles the Simple The Decree of John X. in favour of Richerus ordain'd Bishop of Liege by that Pope Hilduin depos'd and excommunicated Seulfus succeeds Hervaeus in the Arch-bishoprick of Rheims A Council at Coblentz The death of Hervaeus Archbishop of Rheims 923 XI XIII V. Robert is kill'd in battel but his Son Hugh causes Raoul K. of Burgundy to be chosen K. of France Charles the Simple is apprehended sent Prisoner to Chateau Thierry The Queen his Wife retires to Engl. with her Son Lewis  A Council at Rheims under Seulâ—us Archbishop of that City The Laws of Ethelstan King of England The death of Gauthier Archbishop of Sens. 924 XII XIV VI. Berenger is kill'd and Raoul Duke of Burgundy remains Master of Italy A Decree made in the Council of Trosly in favour of Stephen Bishop of Cambray against Count Isaac S. Ulric iâ— ordain'd Bishop of Augsburg A Council at Trosly under Seulfus Archbishop of Rheims  925 XIII XV. VII Hebert Count of Vermandois causes his Son Hugh aged only 5 years to be chosen Archbish. of Rheims after the death of Seulfus   926 XIV XVI VIII The beginning of the Reign of Hugh Count of Arles in Italy    927 XV. XVII IX  A Council at Trosly  928 XVI John is put in Prison by Guy the Brother of Hugh dies there Leo VI. succeeds him and dies six months 15 days after XVIII X.    929 Stephen VII succeeds Leo. I XIX XI The death of Charles the Simple Oct. 7.    930 II. XX. XII Nicholas Patriarch of Constantinople dies and Stephen Arch-bishop of Amasia is substituted in his room  Eutychius Patâ—iarch of Alexandria Odo Abbot of Cluny 231 III. The death of Stephen John XI the Son of Sergius and Marosia succeeds him I. XXI XIII King Raoul causes Artoldus to be chosen Archbishop of Rheims  Ratherius made Bishop of Verona in this year compos'd several Writings 932 II. XXII XIV Arnulphus of Bavaria wages war with Hugh in Italy is repuls'd Hugh is invited to Rome by Marosia and seizes on the Castle of S. Angelo Manasses Archbishop of Arles passes into Italy where he gets possession of several Bishopricks Ingram Dean of S. Medard at Soissoins is ordain'd Bishop of Laon. A Council at Erfordt  933 III. John is imprisoned by Aâ—beric XXIII XV. Alberic re-takes the Castle S. Angelo and makes himself Master of Rome
against John XII  964 II. After Otho's departure Leo VIII is expell'd and John XII re-enters Rome where he dies May 14. The Romans substitute Benedict V. in his room II. XXVIII The Restoration of Pope John XII in a Council at Rome which declares Leo VIII depos'd and excommunicated and his Ordinations void The Restoration of Leo VIII in another Council at Rome A Decree of the later Council by which the Investitures are A Council at Româ— Febr. 26. in favour of Pope John XII A Council held at Rome in the Month of June for the Restoration of Leo VIII  Otho returns to Rome deposes Benedict and re-establishes Leo.   granted to the Emperor   965 III. Benedict dies in exile at Hamburg and Leo VIII at Rome John XIII is chosen Pope with the Emperor's consent I. III. XXIX Otho returns to Germany   The death of Bernerus Monk of S. Remy at Rheims The death of Bruno Archbishop of Cologn 966 II. John is turn'd out by the Romans and re-establish'd by Otho IV. XXX Ratherius leaves the Bishoprick of Verona and retires to France  The death of Flodoard Canon of Rheims 967 III. V. XXXI Otho comes to Rome and causes his Son to be crown'd Emperor Otho confirms the Donation of the Ecclesiastical Revenues of Rome made by Pepin and Charlemagn Herold Archbishop of Salezburg is depos'd and excommunicated in the Council of Ravenna and Frederick chosen to supply his place The Erection of the Archbishoprick of Magdeburg in the same Council A Council at Ravenna held on Easter Day A Council at Constantinople in which the Emperor proposes to declare such Soldiers as are kill'd in the Wars Martyrs The Laws and Constitutions of Edgar King of England  968 IV. VI. XXXII Luitprand is sent a second time to Constantinople S. Adalbert is made Archbishop of Magdeburg after having converted the Sclavonians The Erection of the Bishoprick of Capua into an Arch-bishoprick The death of Odalric Archbishop of Rheims who left Adalbero his Successor  The death of William Archbishop of Mentz 969 V. VII Nicephorus Phocas is kill'd and John Zemisces advanc'd to the Imperial Dignity I. XXXIII The Erection of the Bishoprick of Benevento into an Arch-bishoprick   970 VI. II. XXXIV Polyeuctes Patriarch of Constantinople dies and Basil is chosen to supply his place  Roger Monk of S. Pantaleon at Cologn The death of Thierry Archbishop of Trier 971 VII III. XXXV    972 VIII John XIII dies Sept. 6. Donus succeeds him dies at the end of three Months Benedict VI reckoning the Anti-Pope Benedict for the fifth of that Name is advanc'd to the Papal Dignity IV. XXXVI Notger a Monk of S. Gal is chosen Bishop of Liege A Council held at Mount S. Mary by Adalbero Archbishop of Rheims A Council at Ingelheim which Censures the Conduct of Adalbero the Nephew of S. Ulric The death of Ratherius Bishop of Verona 973 I. Benedict is taken Prisoner by Cincius and strangled in the Castle of S. Angelo V. XXXVII Otho the Great dies May 7. His Son Otho II. reigns sole Emperor I. Henry succeeds S. Ulric in the Bishoprick of Augsburg A General Council in England under S. Dunstan Archbishop of Canterbury The death of Ulric Bishop of Augsburg 974 Boniface usurps the See of Rome The Romans set up Benedict VII in opposition to him VI. II. A Council at Canterbury under King Edgar and S. Dunstan  Roswida a Nun of Landersheim 975 II. Boniface is forc'd to escape by flight to Constantinople VII John Zemisces dies Decemb. 4. Basil and Constantine the Sons of III. Basil Patriarch of Constantinople is depos'd and Antonius Studita substituted in his room The death of Edgar King of England A Council at Rheims under Adalbero Archbishop of that City A Council held at Winchester in the beginning of the year S. Ethelwold Bishop of Winchester The death of Utho Bishop of Strasburg  the Emperor Romanus are plac'd on the Throne  who leaves Edward his Successor Reginaldus succeeds Stigand in the Bishoprick of Eichstadt   976 III. I. Bardas revolts against the two Emperors IV. Antonius Studita voluntarily abdicates the Patriarchal See of Constantinople which remains vacant four years   977 IV. II. V. Edward King of England is assassinated and Ethelfred succeeds him   978 V. III. VI.    979 VI. IV. VII    980 VII V. VIII   Adso Abbot of Deuvres Ghilperic Monk of S. Gal writes his Treatise of the Calendar Fulcuin Abbot of Lobes Reginald Bishop of Eichstadt 981 VIII VI. IX The death of Antonius Studita Nicolaus Chrysoberge is advanc'd to the Patriarchal See of Constantinople The death of Adalbert the first Arch-bishop of Magdeburg  Funeral Orations made by Antony Patriarch of Constantinople for Nicephorus the Philosopher 982 IX VII X.    983 X. VIII XI The Emperor Otho II. dies at Rome Decemb. 6. his Son Otho III. succeeds him    984 XI Benedict dies July 10. and leaves John XIV his Successor IX I.   The death of S. Ethelwald Bishop of Winchester 985 Boniface returns to Rome confines John XIV in the Castle of S. Angelo where he dies Boniface dies likewise four Months after John XV. is advanc'd to the Papal Dignity He retires to Toscany to avoid the Persecution of Crescentius and is recall'd by the Romans I. X. II. Lotharius K. of France causes his Son Lewis to be crown'd    986 II. XI III. Lotharius K. of France dies Lewis the Faint-hearted hisson succeeds him    987 III. XII IV. The death of Lewis the Faint-hearted June 22. Hugh Capet is elected and proclaim'd K. of France about the end of May and crown'd at Rheims July 3.   Berthier Priest of Verdun 988 IV. XIII V. Hugh Capet likewise causes his Son Robert to be crown'd at Orleans Jan. 1. Charles D. of Lorrain wages War with them to for the Kingdom An Assembly of the French Noble-men at Orleans for the Coronation of King Robert Luitolphus is made Bishop of Augsburg  The death of S. Dunstan Archbishop of Canterbury 989 V. XIV VI. Adalbero Archbishop of Rheims dying Hugh Capet causes Arnoul or Arnulphus natural Brother to Charles Duke of Lorrain to be chosen to supply his place A Council at Charroux against the Usurpers of the Revenues of the Churches and of the Poor A Council at Rheims A Council at Senlis against Adalger a Clerk of the Church of Rheims  990 IV. XV. VII   Hâ—riger Abbot of Lobes The death of Fulcuin Abbot of Lobes Gerard the Pupil of S. Ulric 991 VII XVI VIII Charles D. of Lorrain is taken Prisoner at Loan convey'd to Senlis and from thence to Orleans where he is confin'd in a Tower till his death   Ussin a Monk of Werthin 992 VIII XVII IX Arnold or Arnulphus Archbishop of Rheims is
German BISHOP A Genuine Work The Life of S. Hâ—nnegonda A Nameless AUTHOR A Genuine Work The History of the Translation of the Body of S. Epiphanius Bishop of Pavia WOLSTAN Monk of Winchester Genuine Works The Life of S. Ethelwold A History in Verse of the Translation of S. Swithin's Body FRIDIGOD Monk of Corby Genuine Works The Lives of S. Wilfrid and S. Owen LANFRID Monk of Winchester Genuine Works The Life of S. Swithin An History of the Miracles upon the Translation of that Saint's Body OSBORN Chanter of the Church of Canterbury A Genuine Work The Life of S. Dunstan ALFRIC or AELFRIC Archbishop of Canterbury His Genuine Works still extant A Sermon Two Letters A Canonical Letter Works lost or yet in Manuscript Divers Sermons in the Saxon Tongue An History of the Jews and Christians till the taking of Jerusalem A Penitential A Letter about the Monastical Life A Letter against the Marriage of Clergy-men A Saxon Chronicle Certain Lives of the Saints Translations of some Works of the Fathers NICEPHORUS the Philosopher A Genuine Work Funeral Orations for Antony Patriarch of Constantinople MOSES BAR-CEPHA Bishop of Syria A Genuine Work A Treatise of the Terrestrial Paradise OTHLO Monk of Fulda A Genuine Work The Life of S. Pyrmin A Suppositious Work The Life of S. Boniface ODILO Abbot of Cluny Genuine Works still extant The Lives of S. Maiol and S. Adelaida Letters to S. Fulbert Three other Letters Fourteen Sermons HIPPOLYTUS THEBANUS Genuine Works A Fragment of a Chronicle The Lives of the Apostles LAURENTIUS Monk of Liege and afterward of S. Vito at Verdun A Genuine Work A Continuation of the History of the Bishops of Verdun A TABLE of the Acts Letters and Canons of the COUNCILS held in the Tenth Century Councils Years Acts Letters Petitions and Canons A Council at Rome 904 Acts divided into Twelve Capitularies A Council at Ravenna 904 Ten Capitularies A Council at Canterbury ib. Acts are lost An Assembly in England under King Edward 906 Laws A Council at Trosly Constantinople Trosly Coblentz Rheims 909 Acts divided into Fifteen Articles 920 Acts lost 921 An Extract of the Acts in Flodoard 922 Eight Canons of which only four remain 923 An Extract of the Acts in Flodoard An Assembly in England under King Ethelstan 923 Laws A Council at Trosly Trosly Erfurdt Chateau-Thierry Fismes Soissons 924 An Extract of the Acts in Flodoard 927 An Extract of the Acts in Flodoard 932 A Preface and Five Canons 934 An Extract of the Acts in Flodoard 935 A Decree against Usurpers of Ecclesiast Revenues 941 An Extract of the Acts in Flodoard An Ecclesiastic Assembly in England under K. Eâ—…und 944 Laws Ecclesiastical and Civil A Council at Constantinople Near the River Cher Verdun Mouzon Ingelheim Mouzon Trier or Treves London Rome Augsburg S. Thierry 944 Acts lost 947 Acts lost 947 An Extract of the Acts in Flodoard 948 An Eâ—…ract of the Acts in the same Author 948 Acts and Ten Canons 948 An Extract of the Acts in Flodoard 948 Acts in Flodoard 948 Laws lost The Charter of a Donation to the Monastery of Croyland 449 Extract of the Acts in Flodoard 952 Eleven Canons 953 An Extract of the Acts in Flodoard A Council held in the Diocess of Meaux 961 An Extract of the Acts in Flodoard and in Hugh de Flavigny A Council at Rome 963 Acts. A Council at Rome 964 Acts. A Council at Rome 964 A Dec. about Investitures Acts lost A spurious Decree A Council at Ravenna 967 Acts and Let. of the Pope An Assemb in Engl. under K. Edgar S. Dunstan 967 Laws and Constitutions A Council at Constantinople under Nicephorus Phocas 967 Acts lost A Council at Mount S. Mary 972 Acts. A Coâ—nc at Ingelheim 970 An Extract of the Acts in the Life of S. Ulric A general Council in England 973 Acts. A Council at Canterbury under S. Dunstan Rheims Winchester Charroux Rheims Senlis Rheims Rheims Rome Mouzon Rheims St. Dennis Ravenna Rome Poitiers Rome Aix-la-Chapelle 974 An Extract of the Acts in S. Dunstan's Life 975 An Extract of the Acts in Flodoard 975 Acts. 989 Three Canons 989 Acts. 989 Acts. 992 Acts and Discourses of Arnoul of Orleans digested by Gerbert 993 An Admonition of the Bishops Gerbert's Letter 995 An Act for the Canonization of S. Ulric 995 Acts. 995 An Extract â—f the Acts in Aimoin's Appendix 995 An Extract of the Acts in Aimoin 997 Three Canons 998 Eight Canons or Constitutions 999 Three Canons 1002 Acts lost 1003 Acts lost A TABLE of the WORKS of the Ecclesiastical Authors of the Tenth Age of the Church disposed according to the Subjects they treat of Dogmatical Works A Dissertation against the Anthropomorphites by Ratherius Nico's Tract concerning the Religion of the Armenians Ratherius's Treatise of the Eucharist Heriger Abbot of Lobes's Treatise on the same subject A Sermon and two Letters on the Eucharist by Alfric Archbishop of Canterbury Moses Bar-Cephas's Treatise of the Terrestrial Paradise Books of Church-Discipline Pope Stephen the Fifth's Letters referr'd to Flodoard Certain Letters by Pope Formosus Fulcus Archbishop of Rheims's Letters Ecclesiastical Constitutions by Gauterius Archbishop of Sens. Hervaeus Archbishop of Rheims's Letter to Guy Arch-bishop of Rouen Letters written by Pope John IX Hatto and Theotmar's Letters to Pope John IX Pope Benedict the Fourth's Letters Pope John the Tenth's Letters Edward King of Englands Laws in 906. King Ethelstan's Laws in 923. Letters by Nicolas Patriarch of Constantinople to the Popes Pope Leo the Seventh's Letters Pope Agapetus the Second's Letters Ratherius Bishop of Verona's Book of Perpendiculars His deliberative Conclusion made at Liege His Writings about the Contest between him and his Clergy His Apologetical Treatise Discourse to the Clergy of Verona His Character and Synodal Ordinance His Five Letters His Synodal Letter His Itinerary to Rome His Six Sermons Odo Archbishop of Canterbury's Ecclesiastical Constitutions and Pastoral Letter Atto Bishop of Verceil's Capitulary His Treatise of Persecutions raised against the Clergy His Eleven Letters His two Letters to Pope John XII Edgar King of England his Laws His Discourse of S. Dunstan Abbo Abbot of Fleury's Apology His two Letters His Collection of Canons Pope John the Thirteenth's Letters Pope Benedict the Seventh's Letters S. Dunstan's Letter to Wulfin Bishop of Worcester Pope Gregory the Fifth's four Letters Pope Sylvester the Second's Discourse of the Episcopal Functions Mancion Bishop of Châlons's Letter to Fulcus Arch-bishop of Rheims Alfric Archbishop of Canterbury's Canonical Letter Historical Works Pope Stephen the Fifth's Letters referr'd to Flodoard Pope Formosus's Letters produc'd by the same Author Letters written by Fulcus Archbishop of Rheims Notger the Stammerer's History of Charlemagne Pope John IX and Benedict IV's several Letters Pope John the Tenth's Letters Charles the Simple King of France his Letter to the Bishops of that Kingdom and to Pope John X. about the Affair of Hilduin's being intruded upon the Bishoprick of Liege A Fragment
into Heaven or else that the Flesh of CHRIST should be brought down hither neither of which appear'd to be done Lanfrank answers them that this is a Mystery which we ought to believe without inquiring into the manner of it After Lanfrank had answer'd these two Objections he then raises two new Arguments against Berenger The first is that if the Eucharist were call'd the Flesh of JESUS CHRIST only because it is the Figure of it it would from thence follow that the Sacraments of the old Law were more excellent than those of the New because 't is more excellent to be the Type of Things future than to be the Figure of Things past And moreover that the Manna which fell down from Heaven was a more noble Figure than a little Bit of Bread could be The second Argument is the universal Opinion of the Church and the Consent of all Nations If says he to Berenger that which you believe and maintain be True it follows that what the whole Church believes and teaches in all the World must needs be False For all the Christians who are in the World are Persuaded that they receive in the Sacrament the real Body and the real Blood of JESUS CHRIST Ask the Latins the Greeks the Armenians and all the other Nations of the Christian World and they will all unanimously tell you that this is their Faith If the Faith of the universal Church be false you must say that there never has been a Church or else that it is lost But there is not any Catholick who dares to affirm either After he had prov'd this Truth by several Passages of Scripture he adds speaking still to Berenger You and those whom you have deceiv'd object against these plain Testimonies of our Lord and of the Holy Ghost concerning the Perpetuity of the Church that indeed the Gospel has been Preach'd to all Nations that the World has believ'd that the Church is Establish'd that it has increas'd and improv'd but that it afterwards fell into Error by the Ignorance of those who have put a false Gloss upon Tradition and that 't is to be found among you alone This is the usual Answer of Innovators which Lanfrank refutes in a few words The Statutes or Rules of the Order of S. Benedict made for the Monks of England go under Lanfrank's Name but Father Luke Dachery observes that they are not in his Style The Rules of the Order of S. Benedict that he is cited as a third Person in the second Section of the second Chapter and that there are some Rules which appear too Remiss this makes him believe that 't is a Collection of Rules of which Lanfrank is not the Author or which has been augmented by some other of a more modern Date Let the case be how it will it contains nothing but what relates to the Customs and Practices of Monks therefore we shall not insist any longer upon it Lanfrank's Letters are short and few but contain in them things very Remarkable Lanfranks Letters The three first are directed to Pope Alexander II. In the first he earnestly intreats him to give him leave to lay down his Arch-bishoprick which he had not taken upon him but by his Order that he might retire into a Monastery He likewise excuses himself for not being able to wait upon him at Rome In the second he gives him to understand that Herman a Bishop who had formerly quitted his Bishoprick under the Popedom of Leo IX and embrac'd a Monastick Life had a design to do it again and would have done it had not he hinder'd him He assures the Pope that that Bishop was no longer in a Condition by reason of his Age to discharge his Functions and that he is not forced to retire but does it voluntarily to give himself wholly up to the Service of God The English Historians tell us that this Herman was Flamand and that he had been Bishop of Winchester under the Reign of King Edward that he afterwards left both that Bishoprick and England and became a Monk of S. Berthin That he return'd some time after into England to be Bishop of Sarum and that he liv'd to the time of William the Conqueror which part of his Life he spent at the Bishoprick of Sarum 'T is about the end of his Life that he desir'd to retire the second time Lanfrank likewise consults the Pope about the Bishop of Litchfield This Bishop being accus'd of Incontinence and other Crimes before the Popes Legats in England would â—ot appear before the Synod which they held they had Excommunicated him and given â—he King liberty to put another in his place He afterwards came to Court and gave his Resignation to the King Lanfrank was not willing to ordain another in his place till he had receiv'd Permission from Rome he therefore desires it in this Letter The third is about the difference then on foot between the Sees of Canterbury and York about the Primacy and about several other Churches The Pope had referr'd the Examination of the Matter to an Assembly of Bishops of Abbots and of other Prelates of the Kingdom This Assembly was held at Winchester by the Order of the King of England and in his presence It was there prov'd by the Ecclesiastical History of Bede that from the time of S. Augustin the Apostle of England the Church of Canterbury had always enjoy'd the Right of Primacy over all England and Ireland and that the Bishops of the Places now in Question had been ordain'd cited to Synods and deposed by the Arch-bishop of Canterbury for above 140 years together This was likewise prov'd by the Acts of Councils and confirm'd by the Decretals of Pope Gregory I. Boniface IV. Honorius Uitalian Sergius I. Gregory IV. and Leo IX The Arch-bishop of York having nothing but weak Arguments to oppose these Authentick Testimonies yielded the Point and had desired the King to adjust Matters between Him and Lanfrank Afterwards by a general Consent an Act was prepar'd touching the Privileges of the Church of Canterbury which he sends to the Pope and desires him to confirm He thanks him for those Testimonies of Love which he had given him and for granting him two Palls He tells him at last that he sends him the Letter which he had writ formerly to Berenger whom he calls Schismatick The fourth is a Letter of Pope Alexander directed to Lanfrank wherein he confirms the Decrees of his Predecessors made in favour of the Monks who were in the Cathedral Churches of England in opposition to those who would dispossess them for to put secular Clerks into their Places The fifth is directed to Hildebrand Arch-deacon of Rome After he had return'd him Thanks for the good Will he bore to him he informs him that the Controversie about the Primacy of the Church of Canterbury was ended and that he had sent the Act of it to Rome The sixth is Hildebrand's who gives him to understand that he
That the Canons or Prebendaries shall hold all things in Common The Fifth That the Tenths and other Offerings shall be at the disposal of the Bishop The Sixth That no Peason shall be entitled to any Church at the Presentation of Laicks The Seventh That no Person shall take upon him the Habit of a Monk upon the promise or hopes of being made Abbot The Eighth That no Priest shall hold two Churches at once The Ninth That Laicks shall not be the Judges of the Clergy The Tenth That no Person shall be ordain'd by Simony The Eleventh That no Person shall Marry his Relation to the seventh Generation or so long as the Kindred may be known The Twelfth That a Laick who has a Wife and keeps a Concubine shall be Excommunicated The Thirteenth That Laicks shall not be advanc'd all of the sudden to Ecclesiastical Degrees but shall be try'd for some considerable time after they have lay'd aside their secular Habit. These Acts are follow'd by a Decree against those who are guilty of Simony by which it is order'd That those who have been formerly ordain'd by Persons guilty of Simony without having given Money for their Ordination may continue in those Ecclesiastical Degrees to which they have been advanc'd but that for the future those who shall be ordain'd by Persons whom they know to be guilty of Simony shall be depos'd With reference to Popes 't is added That those who shall take Possession of the Papal Chair either by Bribery or by Intrigue or by Force without being Unanimously and Canonically Elected by the Cardinal-bishops and the rest of the Clergy shall be look'd upon not as Apostolick Popes but as Apostates And that it shall be lawful for the Cardinal-bishops and any other Persons of known Piety whether Clerks or Laicks to turn out such an one who shall thus seize upon the Holy See by Excommunicating him and by calling in to their Assistance the secular Power And that if they cannot do this in Rome they shall meet together out of that City in what place they please to Choose one whom they shall judge more worthy to fill the Chair And that the Person whom they shall Choose shall be look'd upon as Lawful Pope Salvo omnino Imperatoris Privilegio as 't is worded in that very Decree concerning the Election of a Pope It was in this Council that Berenger retracted his Error as we have said before This same Pope being reconcil'd to the Normans of Pozzuolo held a Council at Amalfi where he depos'd the Bishop of Trani and another Council at Benevento wherein he adjusted The other Councils under Nicholas II. a difference concerning an Hospital depending upon the Monastery of S. Vincent of Volaterra upon which one Albert a Monk had seiz'd The Letters of this Pope do almost all of them relate to the Affairs of France The Four first are directed to Gervais Arch-bishop of Rheims In the First he gives that The Letters of Nicholas II. Bishop to understand that there was a flying Report of his being a favourer of his Adversary That however he was willing to believe the contrary upon the Testimony which he had receiv'd of him by a very creditable Person He exhorts him to maintain the Rights of the Church and to admonish the King of France not to hearken to the evil Counsels which were given him nor to oppose the Holy See particulary with relation to the Person whom he would have to be ordain'd Bishop of Mascon He assures him that he has a particular Respect and Kindness for that Prince and let him do as he pleas'd yet he would always Pray for Him and his Army In the Second He enjoyns that Arch-bishop to interdict the Bishops of Beauvais and Senlis in case it appear'd that they had been ordain'd by Simony as he was assur'd In the Third He orders that Arch-bishop to give Satisfaction to the Church of Verdun for the Injuries he had done it and to release the Prebendaries whom he had caus'd to be apprehended In the Fourth He lets him know how well satisfied he was with those signs of Submission which he had express'd to him that he granted him what he desir'd for the Bishop of Senlis because it was nothing but what was reasonable and that he could not tell whether he should come to France or no. We have likewise a Letter of Gervais directed to this Pope in which he thanks him for the kind Entertainment he gave to his Deputies and for the Charity he shew'd to one The Letter of Gervais Arch-bishop of Rheims to Pope Nicholas II. of them who dy'd at Rome He acquaints him of the Death of King Henry tells him how earnestly he wish'd to see him in France and assures him in very express Terms of the Submission and Respect which he bore to the Holy See This doubtless is the Letter which Nicholas answer'd by the foregoing The Fifth Letter of this Pope is a Privilege granted to the Monastery of the Religious of S. Felicity near Florence The Sixth directed to Edward King of England is a confirmation of the Privileges granted to the Church of Westminster The Seventh directed to Ann Queen of France is a Tract of Peter Damien's which was among his Letters The Eighth is directed to the Bishops of France Aquitain and Gascogne He informs them of the Decrees made in the Council of Rome against the Clerks and Monks who kept Concubines or were Apostates against those who abuse Ecclesiasticks or seize upon the Revenues of the Church and concerning the Compass of the Courts and Church-Yards In the Ninth directed to the Count of Rouergue he exhorts him to take the Churches and Poor under his Protection and in particular to restore to the Monastery of S. Peter of Verdun the Lands and Revenues which he had in his Country threatning to Excommunicate him if he detain'd them any longer This Pope dy'd at Florence July 3. in the Year 1061. After his Death there were great Contests about the Popedom occasion'd by the two powerful Factions which were then in Rome Namely the Faction of Hildebrand and that of the Alexander II. Counts of Frescati and Galera and of other Lords of Rome Both Factions sent Deputies to King Henry's Court to obtain his Vote in favour of some one of their own Party Gerard Count of Galera deputed by the Lord's Faction having presented King Henry with a Crown of Gold and offer'd him the Title of a Roman Peer insinuated so far into his favour that Stephen a Cardinal-Priest deputed by Hildebrand and the other Cardinals could not so much as get Audience but return'd without doing any thing After his return the Cardinals in October Elected for their Pope one Anselm a Native of Milan and Bishop of Lucca who took upon him the Name of Alexander II. They believ'd he would prove agreeable enough to the Court But King Henry looking upon this Election as a breach of his Prerogative caus'd Cadalous
And Lastly Of disposing absolutely the Affairs of that Kingdom without minding whether the King concern'd himself with the defending of them or with vindicating the Liberty of the Churches of France So that these Bishops were oblig'd to go to Rome to beg the Pope's Favour for their re-establishment and upon such Terms as he saw fit which Gregory did not scruple to grant them There are a great many Instances of this Nature and the Seventeenth Letter of the fifth Book furnishes us with a great many For Hugh Bishop of Dia having cited to a Synod which he held at Autun the Arch-bishops of Rheims Besanson Sens Bourges and Tours and having inflicted several Penalties upon them because they had not made their appearance they were forc'd to wait upon the Pope who absolutely re-establish'd the Arch-bishop of Rheims and the rest upon condition that they would clear themselves before his Legat. This is what he orders by the foremention'd Letter dated March the 9th in the Year 1078. That Legat having excommunicated the Bishops of Paris and Chartres they went likewise to Rome and obtain'd a favourable Sentence from the Pope See the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Letters of the ninth Book But Gregory was not satisfied with taking Cognizance of the Ecclesiastical Affairs of France he likewise endeavour'd to make them his Tributaries as he had made England and all other Countries 'T is upon this Account that he wrote to the Bishop of Albania and the Prince of Salerno his Legats in France that they acquaint all the French and enjoyn them in his Name that each House pay at least a Penny every Year to S. Peter as an acknowledgment of his being their Father and Pastor He pretends that Charlemagne rais'd every Year upon his Subjects a Tax of Twelve hundred Livres for the use of the Church of Rome and that he had offer'd Saxony to the Holy See These are two such Matters of Fact as are only grounded on the imagination of Gregory VII This is the Three and twentieth Letter of the eighth Book This is what relates to the Kingdom of France we now proceed to what concerns England The Letters of Gregory relating to England which met with a little better Treatment from Gregory because King William took care to ingratiate himself with him by a seeming Submission and Respect That Prince to give him some signs thereof took care to send him a complimental Letter on his Advancement to the Popedom wherein he declares to him That tho' he was very sorry for the Death of Alexander II. yet he was as glad to see him in his Place Gregory answers him by the Seventieth Letter of the first Book dated April the 4th 1074. wherein he tells him That he is oblig'd to him for the Affection which he express'd towards him and exhorts him to demonstrate the Submission which he bore to the Holy See by its Effects At the same time he acquainted him of the dangers to which the Church of Rome was expos'd He confirm'd the Privilege of the Monastery of S. Stephen and recommended to that Prince to take care of the Revenues which the Church of Rome possess'd in England He wrote likewise to Matilda Queen of England the Seventy first Letter by which he exhorts her to persevere in Virtue and to give her Husband good Counsel By another Letter written to the Bishops and Abbots of England dated August the 28th in the same year he exhorts them to come to Rome to his Synod and to put in Execution the Ecclesiastical Laws concerning the Marriages of Kindred This Letter is the First of the second Book The King of England would not suffer the Bishops of his Kingdom to go to Rome This very much displeas'd the Pope who complain'd of it by the First Letter of the seventh Book directed to Hubert his Legat who was sent into that Kingdom to Collect the Peter-Pence He therein presses that Legat to return with all speed and orders him to admonish the King of England to pay and cause to be paid the Deference which is due to the Holy See withal threatning him if he did not do it he should incur his Displeasure He orders him to prevail upon the Prelates of England and Normandy to send to Rome to the approaching Synod at least two Bishops out of each Arch-bishoprick This Letter bears date September the 23d 1079. The Three and twentieth and the Four and twentieth Letters of the same Book dated April the 25th and May the 8th in the Year 1080. are full of Exhortations to the King of England to bear a due Submission to the Church of Rome and to Govern his Kingdom with Justice and in the fear of the Lord. The Six and twentieth is a Letter of Compliment to the Queen of England and the Seven and twentieth a Letter to Robert the Son of the King of England whereby he exhorts him to be subject to his Father and to follow his Advice In the Fifth Letter of the ninth Book he order'd Hugh Bishop of Dia to restore the Bishops of Normandy which he had depos'd for not appearing at his Synod This he did that he might not exasperate King William who paid greater Deference to the Holy See than any other Prince And he order'd him to behave himself more tenderly towards that Prince's Subjects and to grant Absolution to the Soldiers which had kept back some Tithes Part of Spain being as we said before in the Hands of the Moors Gregory VII from thence The Pretensions of Gregory VII upon Spain took an occasion of becoming Lord of those Countries which could be taken from these Infidels To this purpose he pretended that the Kingdom of Spain formerly belong'd to the Holy See and that tho' the Pagans had since seiz'd upon it yet the Right of the Holy See was not thereby disannul'd because no Prescription can take place to the prejudice of the Church 'T is upon the account of this pretension that he granted to Ebold Count of Rocey all the Country which he could recover from the Barbarians upon condition that he would hold it in Fee from the Holy See and pay him a certain Duty He likewise granted the same Donation to those who would assist that Count or undertake the same Thing upon the same Conditions And that this Agreement might be put in execution he gave Orders to Cardinal Hugh the White to go into Spain and wrote to the Princes of Spain to aid the Count of Rocey This is the Subject Matter of the Sixth and Seventh Letters of the first Book dated April the 30th 1073. Gregory VII had not only a design of bringing the Provinces of Spain which were newly Conquer'd under his Subjection but likewise sought to establish an absolute Dominion over the ancient Churches of that Kingdom It was upon this account that he wrote the Sixty third and fourth Letters of the first Book to Sancho King of Arragon and to Alphonso King of Castile recommending to
ordain him Bishop nevertheless the Emperor peremptorily requir'd it and wrote to the Pope about the Affair who referr'd the examination of it to the Arch-bishops of Colen and Mentz Whereupon they summon'd a Council but the Emperor would not suffer it to be held and took a resolution to send Charles to Rome to the end that the Pope might take cognizance of the matter and ordain him Bishop Sigefrid prevented the Pope and entreated him not to consecrate Charles but if he found him Innocent to send him back to him and to his Collegues to receive Ordination from them The Pope refusing to determine this Affair at Rome sent him back to be examin'd in his own Country and it was referr'd to the Council which Sigefrid held at Mentz in the Month of August A. D. 1071. The Arch-bishops of Saltzburg and Trier with nine Bishops of Germany assisted in this Synod in which Matters were debated during four Days between Charles and his Adversaries till at last Charles fearing lest he should not be able to carry the Point declar'd that he would not be Bishop contrary to the Inclination of those whom he was to govern and deliver'd up his Ring and Crosier into the Emperor's Hands The Acts of this Council which were sent to the Pope and Sigefrid's Letters are still extant The Council of Erford A. D. 1073. IN the Year 1073. there happen'd a difference between Sigefrid and the Clergy of Thuringen The Council of Erford in 1073. about the Tithes of that Province which this Arch-bishop claim'd as his Right and which were contested with him by the said Clergy more especially by the Abbots of Fulda and Herfeldt The matter was debated in an Assembly held at Erford in the same Year and determin'd by the Emperor to the advantage as Sigefrid who wrote about it to Hildebrand and to Pope Alexander The History of this Council is written by Lambert and we still have Sigefred's two Letters in the last of which he makes mention of the Outrages committed against the Arch-bishop of Trier declaring that he was taken away by force extremely abus'd and at last shamefully put to Death The Councils of England The Council of Aenham held in the Year 1010. KING Ethelred call'd a Council about the Year 1010. in which Elphegus Arch-bishop The Council of Aenham of Canterbury and Ethelred Arch-bishop of York assisted and made a great number of Constitutions concerning the Reformation of Manners and Church Discipline Rules that ought to be follow'd by the Clerks and Monks the Celebacy of Priests and other Clergy-men against superstitious Practices and Incontinency about the Rights of Churches particularly St. Peter's Pence the Tribute of funeral Torches which was paid thrice a Year that of Burials c. concerning the Festivals and Faâ—â—s that ought to be observ'd viz. the great Festival of the Virgin Mary preceeded by a Fast and the Festivals of the Apostles in like manner preceeded by their respective Vigils except that of St. James and St. Philip when a Fast is not to be kept by reason of the Paschal Solemnity the Fast of the four Ember-Weeks and that on all Fridays Concerning the time in which Marriages are forbidden to be solemniz'd that is to say the solemn Festivals the Ember-Weeks from Advent to the Octave of the Epiphany and from Septuagesima to the end of the Fortnight after Easter About the Interval that ought to be observ'd by Widows before they marry again which is the space of a Year Lastly concerning frequent Confessions the receiving of the Communion and divers other Points of Morality For the Ordinances of this Council contain many excellent Instructions and very prudent Exhortations Forasmuch as it was held under Elphegus Archbishop of Canterbury it must needs be between the Year of our Lord 1006. and 1013. There are two different Editions of the Acts of the Council of Aenham The Laws of the Kings Ethelred and Canut THE same King Ethelred publish'd A. D. 1012. certain Laws among which are some relating King Ethelred and King Canut's Laws to Ecclesiastical Affairs particularly about the payment of Peter's Pence to oblige all the Faithful to Fast three Days before the Festival of St. Michael concerning the Prayers which ought to be said in the Churches for the State and about Alms-giving King Canut in like manner in the Year 1032. caus'd divers Laws to be proclaim'd which relate to Church-Affairs viz. concerning the exteriour Religious Worship the Peace of the Churches the respect due to Clergy-men unlawful Marriages the payment of Tithes Peter's Pence and other Tributes the observation of Festivals Sundays and Days of Abstinence the Functions and Manners of the Clergy and of the Faithful and against Irregularities Abuses and Misdemeanours These Laws are full of moral Maxims and pious Exhortations There are also some others of the like nature enacted by King Edward III. The Council of London held in the Year 1075. 'T WAS a long time since any Councils were held or any Constitutions made relating to Church-discipline in England when Lanfranc was ordain'd Arch-bishop of Canterbury The Council of London in 1075. neither could such an Assembly be summond'd for some time after because the King would not suffer any to be conven'd without his permission At last he held a National Synod at London A. D. 1075. in which Thomas Arch-bishop of York assisted and eleven Bishops of England with the Bishop of Coutances who was admitted to the Council because he had a considerable Estate in this Kingdom There were also present 21 Abbots in this Council in which it was first ordain'd That all the Bishops should take their Places according to the antiquity of their Ordination except those who had a peculiar Privilege upon account of the Dignity of their Sees and after having sought for those who might lay claim to such a Privilege in England it was determin'd that the Arch-bishop of York should be plac'd on the right Hand of the Metropolitan of Canterbury the Bishop of London on the left and the Bishop of Winchester next the Arch-bishop of York and that in the absence of the latter the Bishop of London should sit on the right Hand of the Arch-bishop of Canterbury and the Bishop of Winchester on the left Afterward it was decreed That all the Monks should live according to St. Benedict's Rule that they should take care to instruct the Youth and that they should not have any private possessions Then three Episcopal Sees which were erected in Towns were translated to Cities according to the Tenor of the third Constitution and the ancient Injunctions were reviv'd which prohibited to receive a Clerk who was subject to the Jurisdiction of another Bishop without Letters of recommendation from his Diocesan and to marry a near Kinswoman Simoniacal Practices Witchcraft and Pagan Superstitions were likewise forbidden and the Celebacy of the Clergy was strictly enjoin'd The Council of Winchester held A. D. 1076. IN a Council held the
being design'd for the Church under the Protection of the Holy See In the Sixth directed to the Clergy of Tours he confirms the Excommunication pronounc'd by his Legat against Fulcus Earl of Anger 's by reason that he did not break the Marriage between his Daughter and William Son of Lord Robert The Seventh is a Confirmation of the Privileges granted the Abbey of Cluny by his Predecessors The Three following relate to the Legateship of Cardinal John de Creme into England The Last Address'd to the Bishops of the Province of Tours to exhort them to Observe the Decrees of the Council of Nantes The Letters of Innocent II are very many In the First he confirms the Judgment of the Council of Jouare against the Associates of Thomas The Letterâ— of Innocent II. Prior of St. Victor as likewise against those of Archembaud Sub-Dean of Orleans adding several Punishments which were before Omitted By the Second he gives all the Lands which the Princess Matildis enjoy'd in Italy and which she had left to the Holy See to the Emperor Lotharius and Henry Duke of Bavaria his Son in Law on condition that they swear Fealty and do Homage to the Church of Rome and moreover to pay yearly a Hundred Pound in Gold The Third is a Confirmation of the Immunities and Revenues belonging to the Church of Pistoia in Tuscany Address'd to the Bishop of that City The Five Letters following are written to the Patriarch of Jerusalem and Antioch and the other Bishops of the East for Conservation of the Dignity and Rights of Fulcus Arch-Bishop Tyr. In the Ninth he confirms the Grant made by Pope Honorius II. to Roger of the Kingdom of Sicily Dutchy of Apulia and Principality of Capua together with the Title of King The Next following contain the Condemnation of Peter Abaëlard and Arnold de Bresse The Twelfth is a Privilege granted to the Abby of St. Memme In the Three Next he confirms the Power of the Arch-Bishop of Hambourg over the Bishopricks of Denmark Sueden and Norway In the Sixteenth he Admonishes Hugh Arch-Bishop of Roan to comply with the King of England his Master and to permit the Abbots of Normandy to pay Fealty and Homage to him In the Seventeenth he acquaints King Lewis that he is Arriv'd in perfect Health at Cluny By the Eighteenth he commands Geofrey Bishop of Chartres and Stephen Bishop of Paris to restore to Archembaud Sub-Dean of Orleans and his fraternity the Benefices and Goods that had been taken from them In the Nineteenth he orders the same Bishop of Paris to take off the suspension which he had awarded against the Church of St. Genieveve The Four next relate to the Abbey of Vezelay to which he orders an Abbot and whose Privileges he confirms In the Twenty fourth he commands Alâ—isus Abbot of Anchin to take care of the Church of Arras of which he was Elected Bishop In the Twenty fifth he confirms the Rights and Privileges of the Bishop of Bamberg In the Twenty sixth he receives Hugh Arch-Deacon of Arras under protection of the See of Rome The Fourteen Letters which follow concern the Privileges and Revenues of the Abbey of Cluny and in the fifteenth he recommends himself to the Prayers of this Monastery The Forty second is a piece of a Letter wrote to Otho Bishop of Lucca concerning those Witnesses who are related to either Party In the Forty third he acquaints Guigue Prior of the Great Charter-House that he has Canoniz'd Hugh Bishop of Grenoble and farther Commands him to write what he knows of his Life or Miracles There are also five more Letters which belong to Innocent II. and relate to the Affairs of Germany and two concerning the Church of Anger 's The first are at the end of the 10th Tome of the Councils and the two last in the 2d Tome of the Miscellanies of Monsieur de Baluze We have but three Letters of Celestine II. IN the First he acquaints Peter the Venerable Abbot of Cluny with his Accession to the Pontificate The Letters of Celestine II. In the Second he confirms the Donation of the Church of St. Vincent to the Order of Cluny by the Bishop of Salamanca In the Last he orders the Arch-Bishop of Toledo to restore to the Bishop of Orense some Parishes which the late Bishop of Astorgas had seiz'd upon The Letters of Pope Lucius II. are about Ten. BY the First he gives Peter of Cluny to understand that he has made a Truce with Roger King of The Letters of Lucius II. Sicily By the Second he demands aid of King Conrade against the Italians who were revolted and who had chosen Jordanes for a Patrician In the Third and Fourth he confirms the Primacy of the Church of Toledo over all the Churches of Spain The Fifth contains a Privilege granted to the Abbey of Cluny In the Sixth he submits the Monastery of St. Sabas to the Abbey of Cluny By the Seventh he Commands the Abbot of St. Germain's of Auxerre to discharge the Servants of the Abbot of Vezelay who were Bail for him and he moreover removes the Suit before Godfrey Bishop of Langres In the Eighth he confirms the Judgment given by Pope Paschal against those that had kill'd Artaud Abbot of Vezelay and forbids their being receiv'd any more into any Monastery By the Ninth he orders the Count of Nevers to restore to the Abbey of Vezelay whatever he had taken from it And by the Tenth he enjoyns St. Bernard to warn the said Count from exacting any thing from the aforesaid Abbey The Letters of Eugenius III. are in a far greater number THE First Address'd to Lewis King of France is an exhortation to the Croisade to encourge the retaking Eugenius III. the City of Edesse with all others that had been Conquer'd and in a word to defend the Holy-Land from Invasion He therein confirms all the Privileges granted to the Knightâ— of the Cross by his Predecessor Urban and moreover puts their Wives Children and Estates under protection The Letters of Eugenius III. of the Churches and Bishops then he prohibits any Process being issu'd out in prejudice of the said Knights till they were either Dead or return'd from their Voyage Next his Will is that they be paid Interest for the Money they had Permits them to Mortgage their Estates to the Churches without equity of Redemption warns them not to be at a needless charge about unprofitable Equipage but to lay the most part out in Arms Horses and other Instruments of War And lastly he grants them Remission and Absolution of all their Sins which they shall have Confessed with an humble and contrite Heart By the Second directed to Thibaud Arch-Bishop of Canterbury he Commands and Provides that the Bishop of St. David's shall be subject to the See of Canterbury and likewise requires the two said Bishop's Attendance at Rome the Year following on St. Luke's day that he may Judge farther of the matter The
Year as also the Honour and Dignity that he had conferr'd upon him in setting the Imperial Crown on his Head He declares at the same time That he does not repent of having given him Satisfaction and that he should be very glad to find an opportunity to bestow on him greater Favours if it were possible This Letter being deliver'd to Frederick by Bernard Cardinal of St. Clement and by Roland Cardinal Priest of St. Mark whom the Pope had sent on purpose to bear it That Prince at first entertain'd them very honourably but at the second Audience having read that Passage of the Letter in which it was express'd That the Pope had conferr'd on him the notable Benefit of the Crown he fell into so great a Passion that he could not forbear reviling the two Legates who had brought it ordering them immediately to retire out of his Dominions After their departure he prohibited all his Subjects to go to Rome and set Guards on the Frontiers to stop those who were about to travel thither Adrian having heard this News wrote the Third Letter to the Bishops of France and Germany in which after having related the Matter as it happen'd he entreats them to use their utmost endeavours to oblige Frederick to return to his Duty At the same time he wrote to him in the Fourth Letter That it was not his meaning that the Word Beneficium should be taken for a Fee but for a good Action that in that sense it might well be said That he had done him a Favour in conferring on him the Imperial Crown because he perform'd an Act of Kindness in so doing and that when he wrote that he gave him the Imperial Crown Giving denotes no more than that he set it upon his Head That they who had otherwise interpreted those Terms were spiteful Persons that only sought for an opportunity to disturb the Peace of the Church and of the Empire Lastly if that Expression were offensive to him he ought not nevertheless to have acted as he had done nor to forbid all his Subjects in general to go to Rome but he might have given him notice of it by his Ambassadors He gives him to understand that he sent two other Cardinals by the advice of Henry Duke of Bavaria and entreats him to receive them favourably to the end that the Business might be accommodated through the Mediation of that Duke The Letter in which Frederick desires the confirmation of Guy the Son of the Count of Blandrata chosen Arch-bishop of Ravenna follows the former It is written in very respectful and submissive Terms The Pope denies him that favour in the Fifth Letter under pretence that he was unwilling to remove Guy from the City of Rome and in the Sixth complains of Frederick's Letter because he set his own Name before that of the Pope exacted Homage and Fidelity of the Bishops refus'd to admit his Legates to Audience and hinder'd his Subjects from going to Rome The Seventh is written to the Arch-bishop of Thessalonica whom he exhorts to be reconcil'd with the Church of Rome and to procure the Re-union of the Greek Church The Eighth is a Confirmation of the Treaty made with William King of Sicily The Fifteen following are taken out of the fourth Tome of the Historians of France by Du-Chesne The Ten first and the Twenty Fourth are written in favour of Hugh Chancellor of that Kingdom to whom he grants an Arch-deaconry of Arras and the Revenues of a Prebend in the Cathedral of Paris He likewise wrote to the Bishops of Arras and Paris and to some other Persons on the same Subject The Three other Letters are directed to King Lewis and in the Twenty first he advises him to bring the Inhabitants of Veze'ay under subjection to the Abbots of that place and to oblige them to restore what they had taken from him The Twenty fifth twenty sixth Twenty seventh and Twenty eighth relate in like manner to the Abbey of Vezelay By the Twenty ninth he renders the Abbey of Baune in the Diocess of Besanson subject to the Jurisdiction of that of Cluny as a Priory that ought to depend on it The Six following relate to the Primacy of Toledo and the Affairs of Spain The Thirty sixth Thirty seventh Thirty eighth Thirty ninth and Fortieth treat of Matters concerning the Primacy Patriarchate and Rights of the Arch-bishop of Grado In the Forty seventh and last publish'd by M. Baluzius and directed to Berenger Metropolitan of Narbonne he confirms the Declaration made by Ermengarda Lady of the Mannor of Narbonne by which she prohibitted the Alienation of the Revenues and Estates of the Arch-bishop of that Province after his decease and denounces an Anathema against those who should presume to do it Father Dachery has inserted in the first Tome of his Spicilegium a Privilege granted by Pope Adrian IV. to the Monastery of Casaure The First Letter of Alexander III. is written to the Canons of Bononia about his Election Alexander III's Letters The Second to Arnulphus Bishop of Lisieux on the same Subject and about the Assembly of Pavia The Third is the Bull for the Canonization of Edward I. King of England The following relate to the Affair of Thomas Becket Arch-bishop of Canterbury except the Thirty second which is an Instruction to the Sulâ—â—n of Iconium who was desirous to embrace the Christian Religion The Forty fifth Forty sixth and Forty seventh are the Letters which were written by him concerning the Treaty of Peace that he made at Venice with the Emperor Frederick In the Forty eighth he recommends to a certain Indian King commonly call'd Prester John the Legate whom he sent into his Country In the Forty ninth he returns thanks to Hugh for a Book which he had sent to him and entreats him to endeavour to procure the Reconciliation of the Emperor of Constantinople with the Church of Rome The Fiftieth is the Letter for the calling of the General Council at Lateran The Fifty first is a Letter about the Opinion of Peter Lombard who maintain'd That Jesus Christ quatenus Man is not a Thing The Fifty second is a Confirmation of the Rights and Privileges of the Arch-bishop of Colen The Two following relate to the Erection of the Bishoprick of Alexandria della Paglia a City newly built in the Milanese Territory He nominated the first Bishop but to the end that that Nomination might not be prejudicial to the Inhabitants he left them the liberty of proceeding to an Election for the future The Fifty fifth Fifty sixth and Fifty seventh contain the Confirmation of the promotion of John to the Bishoprick of St. Andrew in Scotland against Hugh who was nominated by the King By the Fifty eighth directed to Casimir Duke of Poland he ratifies certain Constitutions made by that Prince for the preservation of Church Revenues The Fifty ninth is a circular Letter directed to all the Christian Princes in which he exhorts them to afford succours
to the Christians of the Holy-Land and renews to those that do so the Privileges and Immunities granted by Urban and Eugenius his Predecessors and puts their Estates Wives and Children under the protection of the Holy See The Sixtieth is directed to all the Bishops of Christendom on the same Subject to the end that they might publish the preceding Letter in their respective Diocesses and induce the Princes and People to so pious an Undertaking In the Three following Letters directed to certain Prelates of England he gives them an Account after what manner he concluded a Treaty of Peace with the Emperor at Venice These are the Letters of Pope Alexander III. that are contain'd in the first Collection to which three Additions have been since annex'd the first of those Additions comprehends Fifty six Letters publish'd by Father Sirmondus in the end of the Works of Peter Abbot of Celles In the first Eighteen which are almost all directed to Peter Abbot of St. Remy at Rheims he nominates him in a Commission with others to determine divers particular Affairs The Nineteenth directed to the Arch-bishop of Upsal in Sweden and his Suffragans contains several Constitutions against Simony and against the Privileges of Clergy-men taken out of the Councils and the Decretals of the Popes In the Twentieth he recommends to the Charity of the Northern Christians Fulcus Bishop of the Estons a People of Sweden In the Twenty first he exhorts the Northern Kings and Potentates to perform the Duties of Christian Princes to endeavour to procure the advancement of the Church by encountering its Enemies In the Twenty second directed to the Arch-bishop of Upsal and his Suffragans he specifies the Pennances that they ought to impose for the Crimes of Incest and Uncleanness and inveighs against two Abuses that prevail'd in their Country viz. the first That the Priests were wont to celebrate Mass with the Lees of Wine or with Crums of Bread steept in Wine and the second concerning clandestine Marriages that were contracted without the Benediction of the Priest The following relate to many particular Affairs of Churches or Monasteries which he himself decides or for the determination of which he grants a Commission to other Persons in the respective places In the second Addition are compris'd 109 Letters directed to Lewis VII King of France or to the Prelates of his Kingdom the greatest part of which relate to the Affairs of the Churches of France as also some to the Contest between Alexander and Victor and others are only recommendatory Letters or full of Compliments They are taken out of the Collection of the Historians of France by Du-Chesne The last Addition contains 22 Letters of which the six first are written on the Schism rais'd by Victor the two following treat of the Privileges of the Canons of Challon In the Ninth he acquaints Henry Arch-bishop of Rheims after what manner he was receiv'd in Rome The five following were written in favour of the Church of Vezelay In the Fifteenth he commends Hugh Bishop of Rhodez for establishing a general Peace in his Diocess The Seventeenth and Eighteenth are the Bulls for the Canonization of Edward King of England and St. Bernard The Twentieth Twenty firâ—… and Twenty second are Acts of Approbation of the Order of the Knights of St. James in Spain of that of the Monks of the Abbey of St. Saviour at Messina and of that of the Carthusians and of their Constitutions There are also in the Addition to the Tenth Tome of the Councils five other Letters attributed to Alexander III. of which the four first relate to the Immunities of the Schools and Chapter of Paris and the last to those of the Chapter of Anagnia Lucius III. having possess'd the See of Rome but a little while has left us only three Lucius III's Letters Letters By the First he takes off the Excommunication of William King of Scotland and the Suspension of his Kingdom denounced by the Arch-bishop of York in Pope Alexander's Life-time for opposing the Consecration of John elected Bishop of St. Andrew The Second Letter is directed to Henry II. King of England in which he exhorts that Prince to permit a Tax to be rais'd in his Kingdom for the Relief of the Holy-Land The Third is a Decree against the Hereticks of that time in which he pronounces a perpetual Anathema against the Cathari the Patarins those that style themselves the Humbled or the poor People of Lyons the Passagians the Josepins and the Arnoldists and prohibits all sorts of Persons to profess Divinity or to Preach publickly unless they have obtain'd a License from the Holy See or from the Diocesan Bishop He likewise condemns all those who presume to maintain any Doctrines or Practices different from those of the Church of Rome concerning the Sacrament of the Body and Blood of Jesus Christ Baptism the Remission of Sins Marriage or the other Sacraments with their Abetters and Adherents He ordains That Clergy-men convicted of those Errors shall be depos'd and Laicks deliver'd up into the Hands of the Secular Judges to be punish'd unless they immediately abjure them without allowing any Pardon to Relapses He enjoyns the Arch-bishops and Bishops to make a Visitation every Year either Personally or by their Arch-deacons in order to discover such Miscreants He exhorts the Counts Barons Lords and Magistrates vigorously to aid and assist the Clergy-men in the Prosecution of those Hereticks under pain of Excommunication and Privation of their Dignities And in that Case he grants a peculiar Jurisdiâ—…n to the Arch-bishops and Bishops over such Persons as enjoy certain Immunities and are subject only to the Holy See provided they be obey'd as the Pope's Delegates notwithstanding all manner of Privileges Urban III. gave notice to all the Bishops of his Election by a circular Letter dated January Urban III's Letters 11. A. D. 1186. which is the first of his Letters The Second dedicated to William King of Scotland relates to the Contest between the Bishops of St. Andrew and Dunckell the Tryal of which was referr'd to the See of Rome in the time of his Predecessor but could not be deterâ—…d till the Popedom of Urban who entreats the King in this Letter to take the Bishop of Dunckell into his Protection and makes the same Request in the following to Jocelin Bishop of Glasco In the Fourth he writes to Baldwin Arch-bishop of Canterbury about the building of a new Church in Honour of St. Stephen and St. Thomas In the last he approves the Foundation of a House of Hospitallers at Bononia and ratifies their Constitutions and Privileges Gregory VIII was no sooner advanc'd to the Papal Dignity but he wrote a Circular Letter Gregory VIII's Letters to all the Faithful to exhort them to relieve the Holy Land He gives a lively description of the most deplorable Calamities that befel the Christians when the City of Jerusalem was taken by Saladin and earnestly presses the Faithful to undertake
an Expedition for the recovery of it out of the Hands of that implacable Enemy of Christianity He grants Indulgences to those who shall take upon them the Cross for the Holy War and renews in their favour the special Privileges that were allow'd by his Predecessors in the like Case In the Second Letter he ordains That to deprecate the Wrath of God the Faithful should be oblig'd to fast during five Years on all Fridays from Advent to Christmass and that they should abstain from Flesh on Wednesdays and Saturdays By a Third Letter he confirms the Orders that his Predecessors had given to all the Ecclesiastical Judges to determine the Law-suits of private Persons The Five first Letters of Clement III. relate to the Contest that arose between John and Hugh Clement III's Letters about the Bishoprick of St. Andrew in Scotland In the Sixth he confirms the Rights and Immunities of the Church of that Kingdom The Seventh is the Act for the Canonization of Otto Bishop of Bamberg The First Letter of Celestin III. is directed to the Prelates of England whom he orders to Celestin III's Letters excommunicate all those who shall refuse to obey William Bishop of Ely Legate of the Holy See and Regent of the Kingdom in the absence of King Richard who was engag'd in the Expedition to the Holy Land By the Second he takes off the Excommunication denounced by Geffry Arch-bishop of York against Hugh Bishop of Durham The Third is the Act for the Canonization of St. Ubald Bishop of Eugubio The Fourth is an elegant Exhortation to induce the Christian Princes to make Peace that they may be in a Condition to regain the Holy Land In the Fifth directed to the Bishop of Lincoln he gives him a Commission to take cognizance of the Misdemeanours and Crimes of which the Arch-bishop of York was accus'd The Sixth sent to the Dean and Arch-deacon of the Church of Lincoln is written on the same Subject In the Seventh he constitutes Hubert Arch-bishop of Canterbury his Legate in England and in the Eighth orders the Bishops of England to acknowledge and obey him in that Quality The Ninth is a Fragment of a Letter directed to the Arch-bishop of Sens in which he declares null the Divorce that Philip King of France had made with Queen Batilda the Daughter of the King of Denmark under pretence of nearness of Kin and enjoyns him to re-take her In the Tenth he entreats Hubert Arch-bishop of Canterbury to levy Recruits to be sent into the Holy Land to King Richard The Three following Letters are written about the Disorders caus'd in the Church of York by the Arch-bishop He commits the Care and Reformation of that Church to Simon Dean of the Chapter and forasmuch as the Arch-bishop had appeal'd to the Holy See before the Bishop of Lincoln exhibited an Information against him he allows him time to come to Rome till the Festival of St. Martin but in case he do not then appear he orders the Bishop of Lincoln to proceed against him and in the mean while suspends him from the Government of his Province In the Fourteenth he orders Hubert Arch-bishop of Canterbury to oblige those who had taken upon them the Cross for the Expedition to the Holy Land to set forward on their Journey at least unless they were prevented by a lawful Impediment This Letter is follow'd by that of Philip Bishop of Beauvais written to Pope Celestin in which that Prelate complains That the King of England enter d the Territories of Beauvaisis with his Forces in a hostile manner and took him Prisoner The Pope return'd an Answer in the following Letter That he had no reason to make a Complaint of the Misfortune that befel him since he presum'd to take up Arms contrary to the Duty of his Profession besides that the Conduct of the King of England ought not to be blam'd in regard that the King of France had unjustly taken from him divers Towns contrary to the solemn Promise that he had made to that Prince not to commit any Hostilities against him 'till his return to his Dominions That instead of performing that Promise he determin'd to take the advantage of his Confinement And that the King of England being at last set at Liberty had good reason to oppose the Enterprizes of the King of France In the Sixteenth he enjoyns the Arch-bishop of Canterbury the Bishop of Lincoln and the Abbot of St. Edmund to re-establish in one of the Churches of England the Monks that were turn'd out under colour of the Pope's Bull got by surprize upon a false Exhibition In the last directed to William King of Scotland he confirms the Rights and Privileges of the Churches of that Kingdom CHAP. X. A Relation of the several Contests that Thomas Becket Arch-bishop of Canterbury had with Henry II. King of England THOMAS BECKET was a Native of the City of London the Capital of England His Father was nam'd Gilbert and his Mother Matilda Gilbert in his Youth took The Life of Thomas Becket before he was Arch-bishop of Canterbury upon him the Cross for the Holy War but upon his arrival at Jerusalem he was taken Prisoner and made a Slave by the Saracens During his Imprisonment he found means to obtain the favour of the Admiral 's Daughter in whose House he was confin'd and she conceiv'd so great an Affection for him that Gilbert having at last made his Escape she travell'd to London on purpose to meet him was baptiz'd there and afterwards marry'd to Gilbert by whom she had our Thomas who was born A. D. 1119. Before his Birth Gilbert return'd to the Holy Land where he continu'd three Years and a half having left his Wife in England This Gentlewoman took great care of the Education of her Son who in the very first blooming of his Youth shew'd the marks of what might be expected from him in a riper Age. He began his Studies at London and after having lost both his Father and Mother compleated them at Paris Upon his return to England he was employ'd in the management of Affairs and put himself into the Service of Theobald Arch-bishop of Canterbury At that time Henry Bishop of Winchester Brother to King Stephen was Legate in England who abus'd his Quality and Authority treating the other Bishops and even his Metropolitan with intolerable Arrogancy Thomas advis'd Theobald to shake off the Yoke and was sent by him to Pope Celestin II. to obtain a Revocation of Henry's Commission insomuch that being arriv'd at Rome he negotiated that Affair so successfully that the Pope depriv'd Henry of his Dignity and conferr'd it on the Arch-bishop of Canterbury Thomas was no sooner return'd to England but Theobald entrusted him with the management of the Affairs of his Church made him Arch-deacon of it some time after and bestow'd on him many Benefices Afterwards King Stephen dying and Henry II. Duke of Normandy succeeding him Thomas was constituted
Germany where they assisted in the Assembly of Wurtzburg against Pope Alexander and bound themselves by an Oath with the Bishops of Germany to stand for Paschal the Antipope nevertheless they did not forbear to continue their Journey and to meet Alexander to whom they deliver'd the Letter of their Prince who threaten'd to withdraw himself from his Obedience if he did not give him satisfaction as to the affair of Thomas Becket The Pope to advance a Person whom the King thought fit to depress constituted him Legate Thomas Becket maâ—e Legate of the Holy See in England of the Holy See throughout the whole Kingdom of England except the Province of York Thomas being Invested with this new Dignity thought himself obliged to shâ—w the effects of it Therefore he condemn'd and abolish'd the Customs that were publish'd at Clarendon Excommunicated all those who observ'd e'm or caus'd 'em to be observ'd by others sent word to the Bishops that they were by no means oblig'd to the Oath they had taken and threaten'd the King of England with an Anathema On the other side the King to prevent him appeal'd to the Holy See by the advice of the Prelates of Normandy and dispatch'd John of Oxford to Rome to entreat the Pope to send a Legate a latere into England to the end that they might determine or make up the Business However he threatn'd the Monks of Cisteaux to destroy all the Monasteries that they had in his Dominions if they entertain'd the Arch-bishop any longer at Pontigny Therefore he was forc'd to depart from thence and made choice of the Monastery of St. Columba in the City of Sens for the place of his abode He Excommunicated many Persons of the Kingdom of England and some Bishops more especially the Bishop of London his greatest Enemy In the mean while John of Oxford having gain'd the favour of part of the Court of Rome by his Presents assur'd the Pope That the King of England would no longer inâ—ist upon the John of Oxford's Negotiation at Rome Customs that he caus'd to be receiv'd in the Assembly of Clarendon and procur'd William Cardinal Bishop of Pavia to be nominated Legate to determine the Affair of the Arch-bishop of Canterbury but in regard that he might be surpriz'd by reason of the intimate Correspondence that there was between him and the King of England the Pope appointed Cardinal Otho to be his Collegue He also gave Absolution in particular to John of Oxford whom Thomas Becket had Excommunicated granted him the Deanry of Salisbury and Suspended Thomas's Authority till the arrival of his Legates These advantages which it seems the King of England obtain'd at the Court of Rome startled the Arch-bishop of Canterbury and his Friends insomuch that Peter Lombard wrote about it to the Pope as well as Thomas Becket who excepted against the Judgment of the Cardinal of Pavia These two Legates being arriv'd in France inform'd the Arch-bishop of the occasion of their being sent by the Pope and the Cardinal of Pavia told him that he came to put an end to the Difference between him and the King of England Thomas had prepar'd a very sharp Answer but he suppress'd it by the advice of William of Salisbury and wrote to him with greater Moderation The two Legates could not immediately execute their Commission by reason that they were oblig'd to mediate a Peace between the Kings of England and France The Cardinal The Negotiations of the Pope's Legates in England of Pavia openly maintain'd the Interest of the former and gave occasion of complaint to the other nay the Pope upon his sollicitation prohibited Thomas to pronounce any Sentence of Excommunication against the Person of the King of England or of Suspension against his Dominions At last the Legates gave notice to the Arch-bishop to make his appearance on Novemb. 10th A. D. 1168. on the Frontiers of the two Kingdoms but he desir'd and obtain'd a delay for seven days to get together again the Companions of his Exile At last he appear'd with a numerous retinue at Gisors the place appointed for the Conference and there met with the two Legates accompanied by the Arch-bishop of Rouen who represented to him the inflexibility of the King of England and the Calamities that the Church endur'd by the Persecution of which he was the Cause Afterwards they insisted upon the Grandeur and Power of that Prince the Kindness and Respect that he always express'd for the Holy See and the extraordinary Favours that he had Conferr'd on the Arch-bishop of Canterbury They related with exaggeration the complaints that he made against him accusing him of having induc'd the King of France and the Count of Flanders to make War with his Majesty Lastly they exhorted the Arch-bishop to humble himself and to testifie his Obedience to his Sovereign by making a voluntary submission and by suppressing his Anger and the fierceness of his natural Disposition Thomas Becket resolutely made his defence and clear'd himself from the suspicions that the King of England had conceiv'd against him and more especially as to the particular accusation that he had excited the War between that Prince and the King of France who condescended so far as to give Testimony to his Innocence by declarâ—ng upon Oath that it was not true that he sollicited him to undertake that War The Aâ—ch bishop of Canterbuâ—y added that he was well persuaded that a Bishop ought not to have recourse to those sorts of means That he was ready to shew to the King all manner of submission and deference provided that the Glory of God the Honour of the Aposâ—olick See the â—iberty of the Church the Dignity of the Priesthood and the Church-Revenues might receive no detriment They propos'd that he should promise the King to observe all the Customs that were in use in the time of the Arch-bishops his Predecessors or at least that he should tolerate them and conceal his resentments But he would not engage to do either no not so much as to keep silence Then they insisted that he should resign his Archbishoprick in case the King could be prevail'd with to renounce the Customs that were contested but he likewise rejected that Proposal Lastly the Legates asked him whether he were willing to acknowledge them as competent Judges for the deciding of the Differences between him and the King or not He was somewhat perplex'd at this Demand for on the one side he was unwilling openly to disown their Authority and on the other side he did not look upon it as safe that he should be tryed in any other Tribunal but that of the Pope himself Therefore he reply'd That when the Goods and Chattels of which he was depriv'd were restor'd to him he would readily submit to the Judgment of the Pope or to that of any other Persons to whom he should grant a Commission to be his Judges Thus ended this Conference which had no effect Thomas Becket gave
and afterwards has changed it because of his weakness for one less rigid and severe and has in this last received all Orders may without scruple perform the Functions incumbent on those Orders remaining a Monk in the latter Monastry In the hundred and fifth and the hundred and sixth he declared to the Archbishop of Monreal in Sicily that he is obliged to redeem all the Estates of his Church which he had alienated to no good purpose and forbids him to alienate them any more In the hundred and seventh he determined that Beneficiaries are obliged to reside in the Church where their Benefices lie In the hundred and eighth he confirmed a Treaty made between Walter Archbishop of Rouen and Richard King of England by the consent of the Chapter and Bishops of the Province of Normandy by which the Archbishop of Rouen was to give Andely to the King except the Churches Prebends Fiefs and the Land of Fresne and the King in lieu was to give him all the Mills which he had at Rouen the Towns of Diepe and Boteille with the Land of Louviers and the Forest of Aliermont In the hundred and ninth to the Bishops of Arras Tournay Terouane and Cambray he laid open the whole Suit that had been about the Election of a Provost into the Church of Seclin in Flanders The Countess of Flanders who claimed the Patronage of that Church had named a Provost for it the Canons being unwilling to receive him she appealed to the Holy See notwithstanding which Appeal the Canons had chosen John of Bethune for their Provost who had obtained a Rescript from the Predecessor of Innocent ordering the Bishop and Provost of Soissons to maintain the Election and excommunicate the Countess if she should oppose it In pursuance of this the Commissaries had excommunicated the Countess and their Judgment had been likewise seconded by other Commissaries but at last the Case being brought before Innocent he declar'd That the Rescript in favour of John of Bethune had been obtained by a Trick that the Countess had been unjustly excommunicated and therefore he revoked all that had been acted by the Commissaries This is the Substance of this Letter and the next to the Archbishop of Rheims In the hundred and eleventh he forbad the Archbishop of Canterbury to build a Chappel that might any way be a prejudice to his Cathedral In the hundred and twelfth he declared it meritorious to reform Women from their Iewdnesses and to marry them By the three following he ordered that the Monastry of Baume should be subject to that of Cluni In the hundred and sixteenth written to the Canons and Provost of St. Juvenca of Pavia he order'd them to entertain the Canon to whom his Predecessor had given a Mandate to be admitted into their Chapter In the hundred and seventeenth to the Archbishop of Bourges he declar'd That the Pope alone has Authority to permit Bishops to change one See for another By the hundred and eighteenth he entrusted the Bishop the Chanter and a Canon of the Church of Paris with the execution of a Mandate which his Predecessor had given to Bernard of Lisle for a Canonship of Tournay in which he had been invested by the Dean of Paris In the hundred and nineteenth he gave Commission to the Bishop of Lamego to a Monk that had before been Bishop of that City and to a Prior to be Judges in a difference between the Archbishop of Brague and the Canons of St. Martins of Castre about Immunity In the hundred and twentieth he ordered the Archbishop of Milan to confer the Dignity of Chancellor of his Church on Henry Subdeacon of the Church of Rome The three next were written to procure the restitution of those things to the Cardinal of Sancta Maria which had been taken from him by Hubert the Son of Palavicin He ordered that unless within a fortnight they gave satisfaction for the damage done to that Cardinal the Churches of Placentia and Parma should be deprived of their Bishopricks and subjected to the Archbishop of Ravenna In the hundred twenty fourth he gives leave to the Bishop of Oviedo to make a Monastry of a house of Regular Canons In the hundred twenty fifth he gave permission to take off the Censure that had been published against the Kingdom of Leon and to absolve the King but not before he had restored the Bishop of Leon and made him reparation for the Injury he had done him In the hundred twenty and sixth to the Archbishop of Tarragon he said That having heard that his Church was too full by reason of the Benefices that had been given to a great many Persons both within and without his Diocess he would have him for the next seven years let alone the filling of Vacancies that by this means it might be eased The hundred and twenty seventh is a Confirmation of a Mandate granted by his Predecessor for a Canonry of the Church of Cambray The two next have nothing in them worth taking notice of The hundred and thirtieth is the Confirmation of a Treaty between the King of France and Earl of Flanders In the hundred and thirty first to the Abbots of Citeaux and of Clairvaux he forbad the Archbishop of Rouen to act in any thing against Philip King of France to the prejudice of that Appeal which he had put in to the Holy See and he trusts these two Abbots to see the Order executed In the hundred thirty second he granted the Bishop of Tortona the power of forcing the Monks of his Diocess to observe the Interdict which he had published In the hundred and thirty third he gave order that the Parishioners of St. Achindanus at Constantinople dependent upon the Archbishop of Grado should pay their Tenths to this Arch-bishop tho they had been used to pay them heretofore to the Bishops his Suffragans In the hundred and thirty fourth he answer'd the Abbot and the Religious of Belleville that they might build Oratories wheresoever they had Religious sufficient to celebrate Divine Office provided still that they first have leave of the Bishop of the place By the next Letter he freed them from that excessive Duty of Procuration which they owed the Religious of St. Irenaeus The hundred and thirty sixth is an Approbation of the Statutes of the Abbey of St. Waast of Arras In the hundred and thirty seventh he confirms the Customs and Privileges of the Abbey of Vezetai and grants it some new ones particularly that of singing Gloria in excelsis on the day of the Translation of St. Mary Magdalen in Lent In the hundred thirty and eighth he revok'd a Privilege granted to a certain Chapter that their Church should never be interdicted upon the account of any injury done by the Lords of the place to the neighbour Churches because they had abused this Grant In the hundred and fortieth he confirmed the Decree of the General Council of Lateran for settling the number of Domesticks
mean Extraction He died in 1291. He composed a Book intituled Collectanea or Collectorium Bibliorum printed at Paris in 1514 and at Cologn in 1541. We have forty seven Ecclesiastical Constitutions of this Archbishop and in the Libraries of England many other Treatises of his in Manuscript as A Book of the Trinity Conferences for all the Sundays in the year Meditations upon the Body of Jesus Christ Disputes between St. Thomas and this Author WILLIAM DURANTS born at Puy in Languedoc a Scholar of Henry of Susa's first William Durants studied at Bâ—logn and having there taken the Doctor 's Cap he taught the Canon Law at Modena from whence Pope Clement IV. called him to be his Chaplain and Auditor of the Palace He was by Gregory X. sent Legate to the Council of Lions in 1274 and at last made Bishop of Mende in 1286. He afterwards refused the Archbishoprick of Ravenna offered him by Boniface VIII but he accepted the Legation to the Sultan of Egypt and having gone thither he died at Nicosia in the Island of Cyprus on the 6th of July in the year 1296. He was so excellent at dispatch of business that he was sirnamed The Father of Practicks He hath left us a Book intitused The Mirror of the Law in three Parts dedicated to Cardinal Ottobon afterwards Adrian V. The Repertory of the Law taken out of this Work and the Rationale of Divine Offices A Commentary upon the Canons of the Council of Lions and an Abridgment of the Glosses and the Text of the Canon Law The Mirror and the Repertory of the Law have been printed with the Rationale at Lions in the year 1516 and 1551. The Mirror was likewise printed by it self at Basil in 1574 and at Franckfort with the Repertory in 1592. The Rationale is the most common and hath been printed many times in many places The Commentary upon the Canons of the Council of Lâ—â—ns â—…h been printed at Fano in 1569 and the Abridgment of the Glosses at Paris in 151â— An Anonymous Author of the Order 〈◊〉 Prâ—…ng Friaâ—s who began the Annals of the Dâ—…inicans Anonymous Authors of Colmâ—â— which are printed among the Historians of Germany wrote â—…out the year 1280 but this Chronicle has by some other been continued down to the year 1302. It is full of Trifles JOHN of Hayde flourished under Edward King of England about the year 1280. He John of Hayde wrote the Passion of St. Laurence 〈◊〉 the Life of St. Maclius WILLIAM de la MARE of the Order of Minor Friars flourished about the year William de la Mare 1280. He wrote a Commentary upon the Master of the Sentences and having undertaken to critiâ—… upon the Works of St. Thomas he wrote a Book inâ—…ed The Correctory of the Works of St. Thomas and of the Additions to the Works of St. Bonaventure RUPERT or ROBERT of Russia of the Order of Minor Friars flourished about the Rupert of Russia year 1â—… He taught Divinity with Reputation He is the Author of many Works Trithemius takâ—… notice only of these An Explanation of the Rule of St. Francis dedicated to Aâ—mâ—n an Englishman General of his Order Four Books upon the Sentences and many Sermons Bellarmine adds to these a Book of the Soul I could not get notice of any of his Works or know whether they are printed or no. ULRIO 〈◊〉 at Straâ—burg of the Order of Preaching Friars flourished in the University Ulric of Strasburg of Paris about the year 1280. He composed a Sum of Divinity a Treatise upon the Sentences a Treatise of the Soul another Treatise of Cases of Conscience and Questions of the Law and Commentaries upon some Books of Aristotle None of these Works are to be 〈◊〉 with in print but some attribute an Abridgment which is among the Works of St. Thomas Aqâ—…nas to him He died young and before he had gotten a Doctor 's Cap. St. GERTRUDE and St. MATILDA Sisters and Religiouses of the Monastry of St. Gertrude and St. Matilda Benedictines of Helfenâ—en in the County of Mansfeld composed about the end of this Century Books of Piety in German which have since been translated into Latin namely St. Geâ—… Spiritual Exercises and St. Matilda Revelations These little Pieces have been printed 〈◊〉 Paris in 1513 at Cologn in 1536 at Venice in 1522 and 1588 and in other places Thâ—â— died about the year 1290. The former of them was made Abbess of Rodalsdorf in 12â—â— whence she was the next year with her Nuns removed to Helfenden THEODOâ—…CK of Apolda in Thuringen of the Order of Preaching Friaâ—… Thierri of Apolda the year 12â—9 the Life of St. Elizabeth Daughter to Andrew King of Hungary 〈…〉 〈◊〉 Landâ—grave of Thuringen in eight Books published by Canisius in the 5th 〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉 Antiquities He â—…eth in his Preface that he was above sixty years old when he began thâ—… Wâ—… and had been two and forty years in his Order Whatsoever Volfius says it doth 〈◊〉 appear 〈◊〉 the 〈◊〉 of St. Dâ—… in seven Books belongs to another Thierri but one may tâ—… 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Sâ—rius who publishâ—â— it according to his Custom hath changed the Stile in mâ—nâ— place About the end of this Century they place GOBELINUS who wrote the Life of St. Mâ—… 〈◊〉 Gobelin Archdeacon of 〈◊〉 published by Brouverus in 1616 with the Life of St. 〈◊〉 Bishop of that City EGEHARD Abbot of Urangen wrote about the same time a Chronicle of the Bishops of Egehard Hildesheim from Charlemagne to the year 1290 published in the same place by Brouverus with the â—ife of Godehard Bishop of Hildesheim Those who have written of the Authors of the Dominican Order join two of them together Conrade and Stephanardus who lived about the end of this Age. CONRADE a German who about the year 1200 wrote Life of 〈◊〉 Dominick and STEPHANARDUS a Milan Divine who made a Chronicle of Mâ—… in â—…se He seems to be the same with Stephanardus Flâ—mmius who wrote a Hisâ—… in verse of the Snares â—…d by the Bishop of Coâ—o for Vicount Otho where he accuses the Foâ—… of having hâ—d a hand in it spoken of by Paulus â—ovius and perhaps that is nothing but a â—ragment of his Chronicle We have none of these Works They place in this Century one RALPH of Colonna Canon of Chartres who about the Ralph of Colonna year 1290 composed a Treatise of the Translation of the Empire dedicated to Lambert of Castille Professor of the Law wherein he would prove that they were the Popes who removed the Greek Empire to the Latins published by Goldastus in the second Tome of his Monarchy The Treatise is well enough written and full of very important matters but it is likewise full of Prejudices for the Court of Rome which make him maintain a false Proposition THOMAS PALMERAN an Irishman Doctor of the House of Sorbonne is the Author Thomas Palmeran of two Collections one
of Bishops Arch-Deacons and Vestry-Keepers In the Year 1284 the same Bishop made likewise other Synodal Canons wherein he prohibits 1. The Celebrating of Divine Service in the Presence of Excommunicated Persons 2. The Granting a Benefice to a Man who already has a Curacy 3. The Receiving the Sacraments from a Priest who has not Power to Administer them 4. He orders the Payment of Tithes 5. He enjoins the Abbots and Superiors to leave in the Priories and Curacies which become Vacant a sufficient Provision for maintaining the Prior or Curate till the next Harvest The Council of Lambeth in the Year 1281. JOhn Peckham Arch-Bishop of Canterbury of whom we have already spoke Held an Assembly of Bishops at Lambeth in the Year 1281 the Tenth of October wherein after he had order'd the The Council of Lambeth in 1261. Executing of the Orders made in the last Council of Lions and of the Constitutions of Ottobon and the Canons of the Council of Lambeth under Boniface his Predecessor he Publish'd Twenty seven Decrees The First is about the Reverence due to the Eucharist It is therein order'd That the Priests shall Confess themselves at least once a Week That the Holy Sacrament shall he kept in a Pyx close Lock'd up in the Tabernacle That every Sunday the Hosts shall be renew'd That at the Elevation the Bells shall Ring and all that hear them even out of Church shall down on their Knees The Priests likewise are admonish'd of the Instructions which they ought to give the People about this Sacrament The Second is about the Annuities of Masses which are Said for the Dead It is therein declar'd That a Priest ought to acquit himself of all the Masses with which he is Charg'd and that it is not true that he may satisfy by one Mass several to whom he has promis'd to Say an entire Mass for them The Third is about Baptism It is therein prohibited to Re-baptize those who are Baptiz'd with the Form of Words tho by Laicks And order'd to Re-baptize them on Condition That a Question be made whether the Baptism was Administred according to the Lawful Form The Fourth is about Confirmation Therein they are blam'd who neglect the Receiving of this Sacrament The Fifth is about Holy Orders It is therein prohibited to Grant Holy Orders with the Four Minor Orders and therein is commended the Practice of Conferring the Four Minor Orders separately The Sixth prohibits the Priests from Granting Absolution to those who are obstinate in their Sins and to those who have Pluralities of Benefices and will not quit them The Seventh prohibits Priviledg'd Persons from Confessing and granting Absolution if they be not Approv'd by the Ordinary In the Eighth 't is order'd That a Publick and Solemn Pennance shall be impos'd for Great Publick and Scandalous Sins And the Absolution of Homicide is reserv'd to the Bishop The Ninth renews the Order importing That there shall be in each Deanry a General Confessor for all the Clergy The Tenth contains an Abridgment of the Instructions which the Pastors ought to give to their Parishoners The Three next concern Processes as well as the Twenty fourth The Fifteenth prohibits the Leasing out of Churches to Laicks The Sixteenth imports That all the Houses of Regular Canons shall come to the General Chapter The Four next are against the Corrupters of Nuns and against the Apostate Monks The Twenty first prohibits the Nominating of Monks for Executors of Last Wills and Testaments The Twenty second is about the Clerical Habit. The Twenty Third prohibits the Granting of Benefices to Clergy-Men's Sons The Twenty fifth is against the Clerks who have Pluralities The Twenty sixth prohibits the Admitting any one for an Advocate who has not Study'd the Canon and Civil Law for Three Years The Last orders all the Priests of a Diocess to Say a Mass for their Bishop after his Decease The same Arch-Bishop Wrote a Letter to King Edward in favour of the Liberties of the Churches and Ecclesiasticks of England wherein he relates the Examples of his Predecessors to incline him to be favourable to them The Council of Tours in the Year 1282 John de Montsoreau Arch-Bishop of Tours the Wednesday after the Festival of St. Peter in Vinculis in the The Council of Tours in 1282. Year 1282 Held a Provincial Council in his Metropolitan City wherein he made Thirteen Canons The First is against those who bring Processes against Persons merely to get something of them to free them of trouble The Second against those who excite and foment Processes The Third prohibits the Clergy and Monks from frequenting Taverns The Fourth is against those who tear the Books or abuse the Ornaments of the Church The Fifth orders the Observation of Processions The Sixth is against Usurers The Five next relate to the Freedom and Jurisdiction of Church-Men The Twelfth is against those who hinder the Receiving of Tithes The Thirteenth orders the Execution of the Decrees made in the former Provincial Councils The Synodal Statutes of the Diocess of Nismes Publish'd about the Year 1284. THese Statutes were made under the Episcopacy of Bertrand de Languisel who was Bishop of Nismes The Synodal Statutes of Nismes in the Year 1284. from the Year 1280 to the Year 1323. These are properly the Instructions of a Ritual about the Sacraments the Ceremonies and Church-Discipline The Council of Ravenna in the Year 1286. BOniface Arch-Bishop of Ravenna on the Eighth of July 1286 Held a Provincial Council in his Metropolis The Council of Ravenna in 1286. wherein he made Nine Canons By the First he prohibits the Clerks from entertaining or nourishing the Players or Dancers which are sent to them when their Relations are Advanc'd to Offices or are Marry'd By the Second he exhorts the Ecclesiasticks to give Alms to the Poor and grants Indulgencies to those who maintain them The Third condemns to a Pecuniary Mulct the Clergy who bear Arms without the leave of their Bishop and without a just and necessary Cause and those who do not wear a Clerical Habit Tonsure and Crown The Fourth orders the Execution of the Thirteenth Canon of the Second General Council of Lions which obliges those who are Advanc'd to Benefices with the Cure of Souls to take Priests Orders The Fifth obliges the Canons to be more constant at Divine Service orders that there shall be Distributions made which shall be given only to those who are there present The Sixth forbids the Notaries from receiving the Last Wills and Testaments of Usurers unless in the Presence of a Priest The Seventh orders the Prelates to Excommunicate those who refuse to pay Tithes and that in case the Persons Excommunicated neglect to take off the Excommunication recourse shall be had to the Secular Power The Eighth declares what Cases are reserv'd to Bishops which are the Absolution of a Major Excommunication the Absolution of Incendiries Blasphemers Murderers of their Children the Dispensing of Vows the
revoked all the Commendams of Cathedral Churches and Abbies granted by his Predecessors to all Persons whatsoever except Cardinals and Patriarchs He compelled all Bishops to reside in their Churches forbad plurality of Benefices made void all Favours Expectant which were not agreeable to the Rules of the Civil Law he deprived all Persons unworthy of their Benefices and carefully put in fit Persons where he had Power he abolished the use of several Dispensations remedied many Abuses and Clancular Dealings made use of in gaining Bulls employ'd rightly the Revenues of the Church of Rome by giving Alms and bestowing Charity on the Poor during the Famine He took great pains to unite the Christian Princes and did all he could to procure Peace with all Kings He revoked the Tax of Tenths which his Predecessor had granted to Philip King of France for his Voyage into the Holy Land because that Prince could not go through with his Design He shewed his Zeal to Justice by causing those Officers to be punished severely who had deliver'd the Ambassadors of Edward King of England which were come to Avignon to the King of France He made a Reformation among the Black-Monks as well as Cistertians who lived loosely he appointed persons of Merit and Learning to visit their Monasteries that they might inform him of such Abuses as ought to be amended and made Constitutions for the Reformation of them He had also made several Rules for the Friars Mendicants if he had not been prevented by Death He only ordered that such Monks as were in his Court without any permission obtain'd should return to the Monasteries and forbad them leaving their Order to go over to the Cistertians or Cluniacks without the express permission of the Pope Lastly That Pope lived in a way suitable to so great a Bishop keeping close to his Duty being Zealous for Religion and for the Discipline and Reformation of the Church Virtuous Charitable free from Ambition and wordly Interests He did not as several other Popes have done raise his Nephews and Relations to the great Offices and Dignities of the Church nor enrich them with the Goods of the Church or by impoverishing private Men. He preferred but One of his Relations whom he made Archbishop of Arles for his Merit which he did not do without some difficulty at the earnest Request of the Cardinals He married but one of his Neices whom he bestowed upon a Merchant refusing several great Lords who offered themselves as being above her Quality This is the Relation which all the Historians of his Time give of his Piety and Virtue who are more to be relyed on than some Modern Authors who will have him to have been a Man of a disorderly Conversation He died at Avignon April 25. 1342. which was the Eighth Year of his Papacy This Pope Composed several Works Rainaldus has published his Opuscula or small Tracts The Works of Benedict XII concerning the Poverty of JESUS CHRIST and his Apostles and about the Vision of God There is a more considerable Treatise of this Pope's in the Vatican Library upon the last of these Subjects He also made a large Commentary upon the Gospel of St. Matthew which is yet in MS. in Mr. Colbert's Library with Three other Treatises against Ockham Most of his Letters and Bulls are extant in the Annalists and Register of Bulls Clement VI. was chosen Pope May 7. 1342. and Crowned the 9th of the same Month. He The Election of Clement VI. was called before Petrus Rogerius Born in the Castle of Maumont in the Diocess of Limoges He was a Monk of the Abby of Casa-Dei in Auvergne and having taken his Degrees in Divinity he went to the Court of John XXII at Avignon This Pope gave him the Abby of Fescamp and made him afterward Bishop of Arras He received as much Favour at the Court of France as Avignon for there he was admitted into the Council of that King who had a particular respect for him insomuch that he was translated from the Bishoprick of Arras to the Arch-bishoprick of Sens and in the next Year to that of Rouen and lastly was raised to the Dignity of a Cardinal of the Title of S. Nereus and Achilleus by Benedict XII The First thing that he did after his rise to the Papal Dignity was to send his Legatees to Rules made by Clement about the Affairs of Italy make way for a Peace between the Kings of France and England He sent also a Cardinal-Legate into Italy to appease the Troubles and Wars which were in that Country Robert King of Apulia died about that time and his Kingdom fell to Jane his Daughter then an Infant who was married to Andrew King of Hungary The Pope took upon him the Government of that Realm till that Prince came to take Possession of it which he was scarce come to do but he was Slain by Treachery The Romans sent to the Pope 18 of their principal Citizens to desire Three Things of him I. To make the Senators Governor and other Magistrates of their City Friends who presented themselves to him as Petrus Rogerius and not as Clement VI. who was Pope for his Life only II. To come and make his Residence at Rome III. That since the Life of Man is so short that few lived to an Hundred Years to which Age Boniface VIII had annexed a Plenary Indulgence for those who visited the Church of S S. Peter and Paul at Rome he would please to reduce that time to the Fiftieth Year The Pope granted the First and Last of their Demands for he reconciled the Magistrates presented to him upon Condition that it should be no Prejudice to his Rights and brought the Jubilee to the 50th Year appointing That every 50th Year there should be a Jubilee but for the Second he put it off by declaring That the design which he had of coming to Rome he could not put in Execution for the present and he could not tell them when he should be able to do it Lewis of Bavaria used all his Endeavours in this Papacy to be reconciled to the Church and Lewis of Bavaria Excommunicated a-new by Clement prayed the King of France to intercede for him This Prince told him That he must submit himself and humbly beg Absolution The Ambassadors of Lewis desired such a Form as the Pope would accept but they gave him such an intolerably severe one that he would not subscribe it when he was in Prison for it signified that he gave Power to Humbertus the Dauphin's Uncle to the Provosts of Augsburg and Bemberg and to Henry his Arch-Chancellor to confess all the Errors and Heresies that he was accused of to make a Renunciation of the Empire with a Promise never to resume it but by the Pope's consent and to put his Children and Goods into the hands of his Holiness They annexed also other Clauses which concerned the Empire These Ambassadors approved of this Proposal but when
it was presented to Lewis and seen in the Assembly held at Francfort in September 1344. it was declared contrary to the Interests of the Empire and the Assembly refused to permit that Lewis of Bavaria should Sign it and sent their Ambassadors to the Pope and Cardinals to perswade them not to require it The Pope seeing himself deceived renewed his Process against Lewis of Bavaria Condemns him in his Excommunication and Deposes him entirely and orders the Electors of the Empire to proceed to the Election of another King of the Romans to whom he might give the Title of Emperor unless the Holy See should provide one At the same time he deposed Henry Arch-bishop of Mayence and nominated in his Place Gerlacke the Count of Nassau's Brother who going into Germany joyned himself to the Electors of Cologne Treves Dukes of Saxony King of Bohemia and some other Princes of the Empire who being Assembled at the end of August at Rens chose Charles of Moravia the Son of the King of Bohemia Emperor his Election was solemnly Confirmed by the Pope and the War began between the two Competitors in Germany but it soon ended by the Death of Lewis of Bavaria which happened October 11. 1347. After his Death Charles got Possession of the greatest part of the Cities of the Empire But Henry the old Archbishop of Mentz the Marquess of Brandenburg the Count Palatin of the Rhine and the Duke of Saxony resolved to choose another Emperor and offered the Empire first to Edward the Third King of England and after to Frederick Marquess of Misnia but both of them having refused it they chose Gontherius Count of Thuringia who died the same Year and left Charles the Peaceable Possession of the Empire While the Princes of Germany were contending for the Empire a Roman named Nicholas Laurentius The Attempt of Nicholas Laurentius in Rome took upon him the Title of Tribune Augustus the Deliverer of the City of Rome and Defender of Italy He made himself Master of Rome seized upon the Capitol and made a League with the greatest part of the People of Italy He wrote to the Pope That if he did not come to Rome within a Year he would have another Pope chosen and stirred up Lewis and Charles the Competitors for the Empire and the Electors to appear before the Magistrates of the People of Rome declaring that the City of Rome was the Seat of the Empire That it belonged to him and that the Empire ought to be in Italy and not in Germany This Enterprize fell almost immediately for this pretended Deliverer being constrained by the Contrary Faction to fly from Rome and having the Boldness to go in Disguise to Charles's Court he was known Arrested there and carried from thence to Avignon where he was put into the Pope's hands who cast him into Prison but he escaped out of it as some say and returned to Rome where he was Killed Clement VI. died Decemb. 6. 1352. in the 11th Year of his Papacy This Pope had a great The Death of Clement VI. deal of Learning and a fine Wit to which he had joyned a bountiful Disposition much Meekness Affability and Liberality He loved Peace and took a great deal of Pains to unite the Christian Princes without siding with any Party In the Year 1344. he put forward an Expedition against the Turks of which the Dauphin was Captain but it had no good Effect He laboured to unite the Greek Church and accomplished it among the Armenians He made the Church of Prague in Bohemia into an Archbishoprick in the Year 1344. and made a Constitution in 1350. concerning the Conclave by which he allows all the Cardinals to have in the Conclave every one two Clergymen to wait on them their several Lodgings and a Dessert A little before his Death he made a Declaration by which he revoked all that he had delivered either in Disputation Teaching or Preaching or otherwise against the Catholick Truths and against Faith and good Manners A Protestation which his Successors Innocent VI. Urban V. and Gregory XI also made at the Point of Death Several Letters of Clement V. are found among the Annalists Bzovius ad an 1342. and Waddingus Tom. 3. ad an 1342. There is an Epistle of his against the Whipping-Monks in the 11th Tome of the Councils and Mr. Baluzius hath publish'd several sent to the Kings of France and Arragon in the Ancient Acts which he hath joyned to the Lives of the Popes of Avignon Innocent VI. was Chosen in the Room of Clement V. Decemb. 18. and Crowned the 23d or The Election and Actions of Innocent VI. 30th of the same Month. He was called before Stephanus Albertus and was a Native of Mont near Pampadour in the Diocess of Limoges He had been before Grand Seneschal of Tholouse and after was made Bishop of Noyon in 1338. and translated to the Bishoprick of Clermont in 1340. Clement VI. raised him to the Dignity of a Cardinal of the Title of St. John and St. Paul and made him Bishop of Ostia and Grand Penitentiary He began as soon as he was made Pope to revoke the Reservations and Commendams of Benefices which his Predecessor had two easily granted and took all the Care he could to fill the Dignities of the Church with Persons eminent for Virtue and Knowledge He sent into Italy Giles Alvarez a Spanish Cardinal of the Title of St. Clement to resume the Castles and Cities that belonged to the Church of Rome of which several small Lords had made themselves Masters This Legate found in all Italy only the Castles of Montefiascone and Montifalco willing to receive him but a little after he put the Pope in Possession of a part of his Dominion The City of Rome was troubled with some stirs by Francis Baroncellus who took upon him the Title of Tribune but the Pope set up Nicholas Laurentius whom he delivered out of Prison on purpose He destroyed Baroncellus and was himself Slain a little time after Under the Papacy of this Pope Charles King of the Romans went to Rome by the consent of his Holiness and was Crowned Emperor in 1355. by the Cardinals Petrus Bertrandus and Giles Alvarez after he had taken an Oath that he would not stay in Rome nor Italy Lewis Marquess of Brandenburg Son of Lewis of Bavaria was absolved of the Censures which he had incurred by maintaining his Father's Party Innocent VI. maintained the Decrees of his Predecessors against the Grey-Friars which rebelled against the Holy See and Burnt two of them at Avignon in 1353. because they obstinately maintained their Opinion concerning the Poverty of JESUS CHRIST and Imprisoned one named John Roquetaillade of S. Flour because he took upon him to Prophesie and foretold that Wars should increase That the Earth should be desolate That the Clergy should be Abused and despoiled of their Goods and after this time of Affliction is passed there shall come an Angel the Deputy of
other Author Gulielmus Durantus or William Durant the Nephew of the famous Canonist Durantus Bishop Gulielmus Durantus Bishop of Menda of Menda of whom we have spoken in the last Age was Archdeacon to his Uncle and Succeeded him in his Bishoprick in 1296. and governed that Church till 1328. Being Summoned to the Council of Vienna in 1310. by Pope Clement he composed an Excellent Treatise of the Manner of Celebrating a General Council divided into Three Parts in which he hath collected and disposed under several Titles a great number of Rules out of Councils and Fathers to reform the Abuses and Disorders of all sorts of States and Conditions and particularly the Popes and Court of Rome Prelates Clergy and Monks Philip Probus a Lawyer of Bourges caused this Work to be printed at Paris in 1545. and dedicated it to Pope Paul III. to the Cardinals Bishops and Abbots and other Christians who were to meet in the Council of Trent as very useful to those that would endeavour a Reformation of Manners among Christians It hath been since printed at Paris in 1535. and lastly in a Collection of several Works of the same Nature which heretofore Mr. Faure a Doctor of the Faculty of Divinity in Paris caused to be printed there by Clousâ—…r in 1671. The time is not certainly known when Victor Porchet de Salvaticis a Carthusian of Genoa flourished Victor Porchet but 't is probable it was about 1315. He Composed a Treatise Intituled A Conquest quest for the Defence of the Christian Religion against the Jews printed at Paris 1520. by the Care of Augustine Justinian Bishop of Nebio in Corsica He shews a great deal of Jewish Learning and reading of their Books in it He has made use of a Book written by Raimundus Martin called Pugio Fidei i. e. the Sword of Faith out of which he owns that he hath transcribed much of what he has written in that Work Malachias a Grey-Friar a Divine of Oxford and Preacher to Edward II. King of England Malachias was in very great Reputation at the beginning of this Age. We have a Treatise of Piety written by him and printed in 1518. by Henry Stevens named Of the Poison of Mortal Sins and their Cure William le Mair or Gulielmus Major a Penitentiary and afterwards Bishop of Anger 's governed William Major the Church of that City from 1290. to 1314. in which Year he died He wrote an History of what passed in his Church while he was Bishop published by Mr. Luke Dacherius in the Tenth Tome of his Spicilegium p. 247. and has made a Collection of the Synodal Orders and Decrees of his Predecessor Nicholas Gelant and of his own made in the Synods held twice a Year viz. at the Feast of Pentecost and on S. Luke's Day from the Year 1271. to 1314. in which there are many remarkable things concerning Discipline which are also published by F. Dacherius in the 11th Tome of his Spicilegium p. 201. William de Mandagot or Gulielmus Mandagotus Born of the Illustrious Family of Lodeve Arch-deacon William de Mandagot of Nismes and Provost of Tholouse was made Archbishop of Ambrun by Boniface VIII in 1295 from whence he was translated to Aix and at last made Cardinal-Bishop of Praeneste by Clement V. in 1311. after whose Death the Italian Cardinals intended to make him Pope He Composed the Sixth Book of the Decretals and made a Treatise of the Election of Prelates printed at Colen in 1573. and in other places He died at Avignon in November 1321. Berengarius de Fredol Canon and after Chanter of S. Nazarus Abbot of S. Aphrodisius of Berengarius de Fredol Beziers and afterward made Bishop of that City in 1298. a Famous Canonist composed the Sixth Book of the Decretals with Richard Siennensis and Gulielmus de Mandagot He hath dedicated an Explication in an Alphabetical Order upon the Summ of Cardinal Ostionsis to which he gave the title of Oculus which was printed with that Summ at Basil. He wrote also a Treatise about Excommunication and Interdiction which is found in MS. in the Library of Mr. Colbert Cod. 249. and 3345. He was appointed Cardinal-Priest by the Title of the S. S. Nereus and Achilles by Clement the Vth. and in the Year 1309. he was made Cardinal-Bishop of Frescati and died in 1323. June 10. He had a Nephew who was made Bishop of Beziers in 1309. and made Cardinal-Priest in the room of his Uncle and afterward Cardinal-Bishop of Portâ— in the Year 1317. Jacobus de Termes Abbot of Charleiu an Abby of Cistertians in the Diocess of Senlis Composed Jacobus de Termes in the Year 1311. during the Sitting of the General Council of Vienna a Work against those who opposed the Exemptions and Privileges of the Monks and chiefly against Giles of Rome Archbishop of Bourges This Treatise is printed in the Fourth Tome of the Bibliotheca Cistertiorum i. e. the Collection of Writers of the Cistertian Order p. 261. Antonius Andreas a Grey-Friar of Arragon and Scholar of Scotus flourished from the beginning Antonius Andreas of this Age to the Year 1320. He Composed a Commentary upon the Books of the Sentences printed at Venice in 1578. and 1584. A Book about the Principles of Gilbert Porritanus printed at the same place in 1512. and 1517. Divers Comments upon the Books of Aristotle and Boethius printed at the same place in 1480. 1509. and 1517. Harvaeus Natalis a Britain in France and a Friar-Preacher of whom he was the Fourteenth Harvaeus Natalis General made in 1318. hath Composed a Comment upon the Four Books of the Sentences printed at Venice in 1405. and at Paris in 1647. Four great quodlibetical Questions printed at the same place in 1513. A Treatise about the Pope's Authority printed at Paris with his Commentary on the Sentences in 1647. and an Apology against those who opposed the Orders of the Friars-Preachers and reproached them that they did not lead an Apostolical Life printed at Venice in 1516. He died at Narbonne Aug. 10. in the Year 1323. Ptolemaeus Lucensis a Monk of the Order of the Friars-Preachers a Scholar of S. Thomas Aquinas Ptolemaeus Lucensis and Conâ—essor to John XXII was made Bishop of Torcello in 1321. hath Composed Annals from the Year 1060. to 1303. and a Chronicon of the Popes and Emperors These two Works were printed at Lyons in 1619. There is found in several Libraries an Ecclesiastical History of this Author divided into 24 Books to the Year 1303. which is sometimes quoted by Rainaldus Philip an Abbot of the Cistertian Monks and afterward made Bishop of Aichstat in the Philip. Year 1305. died in the Year 1322. He wrote the Life of S. Walpurgis Abbess of Hildesheim at the desire of Ann Queen of Hungary the Emperor Albert's Daughter He took it out of the Collections of Wolfarus It is in the Fourth Tome of the Collections of Canisius He hath
other Questions printed at Lyons in 1497. and in 1518. A Commentary also upon the Proverbs of Solomon is attributed to him printed at Paris in 1515. but it belongs rather to Thomas Gualensis There are some other Works of Holkot's in MS. in the Libraries at Cambridge as his Quodlibetical Questions in Pembroke-Hall Sermons and Allegories in Peter-House RICHARD HAMPOLE Born in Yorkshire in England an Augustine Monk died Sept. 29. 1349. Richard Hampole has Composed several Treatises of Piety Some of them were printed at Cologne and are extant in the 26th Tome of the Bibliotheca Patrum A Treatise of the Amendment of a Sinner An Explication of the Lord's Prayer Another of the Apostles and Athanasius's Creed The Praise of the Name of Jesus A Treatise of the Embraces of the Love of God An Exposition upon these words of the Canticles of Solomon The Daughters will love thee affectionately in which he also treats of the Love of God These Treatises are full of the Spirit and very affecting He also Composed several other Spiritual Commentaries upon the Holy Scripture as the Psalms Job Lamentations of Jeremiah A Treatise Intituled The Sting of Conscience Scala Mundi A Book of the Contempt of the World The Commendation of Chastity and some other Treatises which are found in the Libraries of England as the Cotton Archbishop of Canterbury's at Lambeth and Bodleian JOANNES HONSEMIUS or HOXEMIUS a Dutchmâ—n 〈◊〉 Canon of the Church of Leige made a Joannes Honsemius Continuation of the History of the Bishops of Leige composed by Aegidius Aureae Vallis from 1247. to 1348. It is printed in the Collection of Historians upon the same Subject put out by Joannes Chapeavillus and printed at Leige in 1613. GERARDUS ODONIS a Native of Rovergne in France a Grey-Friar was chosen General of Gerardus Odonis that Order in 1329. in the place of Michael de Caesena and after preferred to the Dignity of Archbishop of Antioch by John XXII he died at Catana in 1349. He Composed a Comment upon the Ten Books of Aristotle's Morals printed at Venice in 1500. The Office of the Marks of S. Francis is attributed to him There is in the Covent of Cordeliers at Mirepoix in Languedoc a MS. Treatise of the Figures of the Bible which bears his Name and in the Vatican Library a Comment upon the Books of the Sentences Two Philosophical Questions and some Commentaries upon several Books of Scripture as Waddingus testifies in his Biblioth Frat. Min. p. 145. JACOBUS FOLQUIER an Hermite of S. Austin a Doctor and Reader of Divinity at Tholouse Jacobus Folquier dedicated in 1345. to Clement VI. a Work Intituled Viridarium Gregorianum or Allegories upon all the Books of Scripture which are found in MS. in the Library of the Great Augustines at Paris BERNARDUS Abbot of Mont-Cassin who flourished about 1347. Composed a Book Intituled Bernard The Mirrour of the Monks of the Order of S. Benedict printed at Paris in 1507. A Commentary upon the Rule of S. Benedict which is found in MS. in some Libraries Trithemius also mentions a Book of Regular Precepts and Sermons for his Monks THOMAS BRADWARDIN an Englishman of the Order of Grey-Friars Chancellor of the University Thomas Bradwardin of Oxford Confessor to Edward III. was chosen Archbishop of Canterbury in 1348. by a Chapter of that Church two several times for the King of England and the Pope having preferred John Ufford the first time before him he was not consecrated but this last dying a little time after he was chosen a Second time and his Election being confirmed by the Pope and approved by the King he was consecrated at Avignon by Cardinal Bertrandus but he died within Forty Days after his Ordination and before he had taken Possession of his Archbishoprick This Author Sirnamed the Profound Doctor Coomposed a large Work Intituled The Cause of God and the truth of Causes against Pelagius published by Sir H. Savil and printed at London in 1618. in which he strongly maintains the Principles of S. Austin and S. Thomas concerning the Operation and Power of God over the Actions of his Creatures Some attribute to him also a Treatise of Geometry and Arithmetick viz. a Treatise of Proportions printed at Venice in 1505. A Treatise of Speculative Arithmetick printed at Paris in 1502. and a Treatise of Geometry printed at Paris in 1512. and 1530. Bradwardin in his Work De Caussâ Dei c. does not only treat of Liberty and Predestination but also of the Existence of God his Perfections Eternity Immutability Immensity and other Attributes particularly his Knowledge Power and Will He shews that God preserves all Beings that he hath Created That he doth all things immediately that are done by his Creatures That his Will is effectual invincible and immutable That all that he Wills infallibly comes to pass That the things which he knows are not the cause of his Knowledge but his Will He explains in what sense God Wills or Wills not Sin He proves the Necessity of Grace against Pelagius and shews that it is gratis given and that Man deserves not the first Grace That it is the immediate Cause of all good Actions and principally of Repentance He holds Predestination to be gratuitous and rejects the middle Knowledge These are the Chief Points he treats of in his First Book His Second Book is upon Free Will He affirms That it consists not in being able to Will or not Will the same thing but in a Power of Willing freely all that we ought to choose and willing all that we ought not to choose He shews that no Second Cause can necessitate the Will but that the free Will cannot conquer Temptations without the special Assistance of God which is nothing else but his invincible Will That without this help no Man can avoid Sin That Perseverance is the Effect of Grace Lastly He explains the Co-operation of Man's Will with God's He affirms That God hinders not Liberty though he causes a kind of Necessity He treats of several Kinds of Necessity and Contingence and recites several Opinions of Philosophers and Divines about the Contingency of things which he numbers as far as 33. and concludes that all future things happen by one kind of Necessity with relation to Superior Causes which agrees nevertheless with Liberty but that is not Absolute Natural violent or forced He concludes his Works with a brief Recital of the Errors which he hath opposed and the Truths he hath established which he hath reduced to 36 Propositions ALBERICUS de ROSATE or ROXIATI Born in Bergamo a Lawyer flourished about 1350. He hath Composed a Commentary upon the Sixth Book of the Decretals printed in the Collection Albericus de Rosate of the Treatises of Famous Lawyers made at Venice in 1584. A Dictionary of the Civil and Canon Law printed at Venice in 1573. and 1601. and some other Treatises of Civil Law PETRUS de PATERNIS an Hermit of the
two Adversaries had the right on his Side nay it was never judged meet in order to the removing of the Schism to search into the right it was round so very obscure and when the Councils of Pisa and Constance engaged in the Controversie they entred not upon this Question and offered no Prejudicate Opinion against the right of either but they condemn'd and depos'd them because they would not renounce the Papacy as they had engaged and as the case of the Peace required The Schism has no way diminished the certain Authority which the Supream Bishops have received from JESUS CHRIST but it has shewed that they have a Superior Judge on Earth which is a General Council BONIFACE IX was the first that settled First-fruits to be Paid by Bishopricks and Abbies that Settlement of Annates or First fruits is to say the reserve of One Year's Revenue whereof John XXII had already given an Example in putting a like Imposition on Benefices for an Expedition into the Holy Land and by settling first of all the Taxes for the Secretaries that dispatched Grants of Benefices in Proportion to the Revenue BONIFACE VIII appointed a Jubilee for all such as should visit the Churches of St. Peter and The Institution of the Jubilee The Question of Poverty The Question about the State of the â—ouls of the Just afâ—… Death St. Paul in the Year 1300. and so for every Hundredth Year Clement V. ordered the same every Fiftieth Year upon the Petition of the Romans JOHN XXII had a great Dispute as we have said with the Grey-Friars about the Propriety of those things which they consumed in the using This Question drew on that concerning the Poverty of JESUS CHRIST There are great Volumes made on both sides upon this Subject The Opinion of this Pope touching the state of Souls after Death made a great noise but this Question was soon decided by Benedict XII his Successor who determined clearly that the Souls of the Just who die Purged from their Sins enjoy the intuitive Vision of God wherein he makes the chief Happâ—ness immediately after their Death or after they have been purified in Purgatory before the Day of Judgment to consist Provincial Councils and particular Synods of Bishops were frequent in this Century All the Bishops were bounâ— to Appear there at the Command of the Metropolitan or to send Proxies and a lawful Excuse The Abbots and the Deputies of the Chapters of Cathedrals were likewise The Discipline of the Church about Benefices and Incumbents sent for thither The Rules and Decrees which were made in the Provincial Councils were published and put in execution by the Bishops in their respective Diocesses The Elections were yet Legal and according to Custom for the Bishopricks and Abbies The Ordinaries for the most part provided for other Benefices There was of these a great number in Patronage but such as were presented by Patrons were forbidden to take Possession till they were instituted by the Bishop or his Archdeacon but as for those who were provided with Benefices with charge of Souls by the Donors who had right both to confer and institute they were injoyned to present themselves to the Bishop of the place in due time The Commendams of Abbies became very frequent Clement V. who gave several of them saw good cause to repent it his Successors continued them and notwithstanding the Revocation of Benedict XII the most part of the Abbies began to be given in Commendam Clement IV. reserved to himself the bestowing of all Benefices vacant in Curiâ Gregory X. restrain'd it to a Month. John XII in prohibiting the Plurality of Benefices decreed That those who had Money should be obliged to resign and herein appropriated to himself the Donation Benedict XII reserved to himself for his life only all the Benefices vacant in Curiâ— and all such as were void by the translation of Incumbents to other Benefices Clement VI. made the like Reservations but Edward III. King of England prevented the Execution of it in his Kingdom Innocent VI. revoked the Reserves by his Bull Pastoralis but they presently return'd to the old wont Gregory XI recall'd them afresh but during the Schism which came on the two Antagonists made use of all Methods to render themselves Masters of the Benefices and the Mischief became so great that the Princes were obliged to seek a Remedy After the Death of the Incumbents there were nominated Administrators to manage the Profits of the Benefices but the right of the Crown took place in most part of the Bishopricks and consequently the King or such as of Custom or Right had the Administration of the vacant Bishopricks presented to the Benefices thereon depending In some places a Prebendary when he came to die might dispose of a Year's Revenue of his Benefice after his Death The Plurality of Benefices was very common in spite of the re-iterated Prohibitions they were herein so remiss that License was given even to the same Person to enjoy two Benefices provided they were not inconsistent and that only one of them be with cure of Souls Residence likewise was recommended and such as were provided of Benefices were obliged to take the Orders thereunto requisite Command was given to pay the Tythe of all kind of Fruits from this the Immunity of the Clergy and the Revenues of the Church were exempted and many Decrees were made against them that should attempt them this Immunity was extended to the Leprous who were shut up in the Hospitals Never were Excommunications and Interdicts more frequently made use of and all other Ecclesiastical Censures than in this Age. The denial of Christian Burial was an ordinary Punishment and the Councils condemned Men to Pecuniary Mulcts for faults purely Ecclesiastical The Excommunicate were not only deprived of Church Communion but also of civil converse and such as kept them Company were excommunicated Nevertheless it was Prohibited to make use of Excommunications for Matters merely Pecuniary and to use violence against the Excommunicate The greatest care of the Prelates in the Councils was to regulate the Conversation and Morals Divers Regulations made of Manners of the Clergy and of the Practices of the Church of the Clergy they made many Rules in reference to their Habits and their Shaving As to their Knowledge they required not that it should be of any large Extent they contented themselves if the Unbeneficed Clergy were letter'd that is to say if they could Read and Write and understood the Rudiments of Grammar and as to the Priests and such as had Benefices with cure of Souls they desired they should be instructed in the Articles of our Faith and the Ceremonies of the Church They forbid the receiving any Priests or Clerks who were Strangers and Unknown or to permit them to exercise the Functions of their Order They enjoined the Priests to say Mass at least once a Month. They made divers Constitutions touching the Service of the Church
not to mention the Knights of the Fleece set up by the King of France and the Knights of the Garter by Edward III. King of England which were very different from the Military Orders A CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY Of the Fourteenth AGE of the CHURCH Years of Christ Popes Emperors and Kings of the West Emperors of the East Ecclesiastical Affairs Councils Ecclesiastical Authors 1300 Boniface VIII the sixth year of his Papacy ending Dec. 24. Albert of Austria Emperor of the West the third year of his Reign III. Philip the Fair King of France the 16th year of his Reign Ferdinand King of Castile from 1295. James II. King of Arragâ—â— from 1291. Dionysius King of Portugal from 1279. Edward I. King of England from 1272. Andronicus Senior the 17th year of his Reign XVII Ottoman the first Emperor of the Turks whose Reign is counted from 1297. The Publication and Opening of the Jubilee Boniface appeared at Rome in his Pontifical Habits with this Inscription Ecce duo gladii i. e. Lo here are two Swords He published a Crusado and sent Bernard de Saisset Bish. of Pamiez into France who was there Arrested The Council of Melun held in January The Synod of Colon under the Archbish. Wichboldus The Synod of Bayeux The Council of Auch Dinus de Mugello Engelbert Abbot of Admont Jacobus Caietanus Cardinal Henry de Garret is made Bishop of Lucca Steven de Salagnac Andreas Novocastrensis Ramerius de Pisâ flourished 1301 VII IV. XVIII The Bishop of Pamiez set at Liberty Decemb. 4. Boniface suspended the Graces and Privileges granted the Kings of France and hindered the Levy of a Subsidy upon the Clergy He declares himself Supreme in things Spiritual and Temporal The Council of Compeigne held in November William de Nangis finished his Chronicle Jacobus de Benedictis Justus à Cisterts an Abbot Joannes Duns Scotus Richard of Sienna Peter de Dacia flourished 1302 VIII V. XIX A Petition presented to K. Philip the Fair against Boniface VIII by Will. Nogaret March 12. An Assembly of the States of France against the Pretensions of Boniface Apr. 10. The Writings and Proceedings on both sides upon that Subject The Publication of the Bull Unam Sanctam Nov. 16. An Assembly at Paris April 10. The Council of Pennafiel May 13. Joannes Monachus Cardinal founded a College bearing his Name at Paris Petrus de Boseo A nameless Author of the Treatise against the Authority of the Pope flourished 1303 IX The Death of Boniface Octob. 12. Benedict XI chosen the second of the same Month. VI. XX. The Appeal of the K. of France to the next Council The Proceedings against Boniface He is Arrested at Agnonia Sept. 8. illuded by Sciarra Colonna and dyes sometime after his deliverance An Assembly at Paris June 13. The Council of Nogarol held in December Ptolemaeus Lucensis finishes his Ecclesiastical History The Death of Dinus de Mugello 1304 I. The Death of Benedict July 8. The Holy See remained vacant till the next year VII XXI Pope Benedict revokes his Bulls published against France Joannes Parisiensis broaches an erroneous Opinion concerning the Eucharist It was condemned by the Bishop of Paris who silenced that Monk The Council of Compeigne held the Friday after the Feast of Circumcision Joannes Parisiensis a Dominican is made Licentiate of Divinity at Paris and a little after composes his Treatise of the Eucharist Aegidius Romanus wrote his Question about the Ecclesiastical and Temporal Powers Alvarus Pelagius enters into the Order of Grey-Friars Thomas Wiche finishes his Chronicles of England 1305 I. Clement V. is chosen Pope June 5. He is crowned at Lions Nov. 11. and resides in France VIII XXII Pope Clement revokes the Bulls of Boniface against France particularly Unam Sanctam The Templars are threatned and K. Philip the Fair undertakes to proceed against them  Henry Stero finishes his History of the Emperours of Germany Everardus finishes his Continuation of the Annals of Stero Vitalis de Turno wrote his Moral Mirror upon Scripture Joannes de Janduno Thomas Joyce is made a Cardinal Philip a Cystertian Abbot is made Bishop of Aichstat Bernardus Guidonis is appointed Inquisitor against the Albigenses 1306 II. IX XXIII The Pope promises by his Bull Aug. 23. to inform against the Templars  The Death of Joannes Parisiensis the Dominican Sept. 22. The Death of Jacobus de Benedictis Sept. 25. 1307 III. X. XXIV The Templars are arrested through all France October 5. Informations brought against them at Paâ—is by Gulielmus Parisiensis and in other places by others  Sustridus a Priest of Misnia finishes his Chronicle Aâ—so a Premonstratensis finishes his History of his Voyage into the Holy Land Nicholas Trivet finishes his Chron. 1308 IV. The Emperor Albertus is slain by one of his Nephews May 10. Henry of Luxenburgh succeeds him Nov. 1. The Death of Edward I. K. of England to whom Edward II. succeeds XXV The Pope calls the Cause of the Templars to the Holy See The Judgment of the Divines of Paris about the Templars The Pope questions the Templars who are put into his power and gives leave to the Inquisitors and Bishops to draw up a Process He appoints Commissioners to proceed against their Order Dulcinus the Heretick who had drawn many Persons after him is arrested near Verceil is carried burnt in that City his followers dispers'd The Council of Auch held Novemb. 26. Gulielmus Parisiensis a Dominican Joannes de S. Geminiano flourished The Death of Joannes Duns Scotus Novemb. 8. 1309 V. I. Robert the Son of Charles II. was King of Naples and powerful in Italy XXVI The Popes Commissioners form a Process against the Templars The Council of Presburg in Hungary held Nov. 10. Beringarius de Fredol was made Cardinal and Bishop of Frescati and his Nephew succeeds him in the Bishoprick of Beziers 1310 VI. II. XXVII The Templars are condemned in a Provincial Council at Paris and several put to Death in May. Informations thro' all Christendom against the Templars The Pope causes the Errors of John Oliva to be examined by Vitalis de Furno a Grey-Frier The Council of Saltzburg The Council of Colen The Council of Paris begun in May. The Council of Ravenna The Council of Salamanca July ult A Synod at London A Council at Mentz Jacobus de Viterbo Alexander de Alexandria Joannes de Friburg Bishop of Osnia Malachas a Grey Frier flourished Gulielmus Durandus Bishop of Menda composed his Treatise of the manner of celebrating a General Council Ubertinus de Cassalis wrote that year in favour of Petrus Oliva The Death of Thom. Joyce Cardinal The Death of Joannes de Janduno about this year 1311 VII III. XXVIII A solemn Revocation of all that Boniface had done against France by the Bull of Apr. 27. The Council of Ravenna held June 21. The General Council of Vienna which was opened Octob. 16. William de Mandagot is made Cardinal Raimundus Lullus composed his Treatise intitled
of Petrus Oliva a Grey-Fryer  Petrus Bertrandus translated to the Bishoprick of Autun Alexander de S. Elpidio made Arch-bishop of Ravenna Guy chosen Abbot of S. Denis William of Nottingham Astesan Monaldus Gerhardus de Sienna flourished The Death of Francis Maronius 1326 XI XIII The Death of James II. King of Arragon and Alphonsus IV. succeeds him XLIII Urchan or Orcham the Son of Ottoman succeeds him  The Council of Avignon June 18. The Council of Complutum June 25. The Council of Marsac Dec. 8. The Council of Senlis Durandus de S. Porciano is translated to the Bishoprick of Meaux Henry de Carret is driven out of the Bishoprick of Lucca by Lewis of Bavaria Dominicus Grenerius is made Master of the sacred Palace by the Pope and after Bishop of Pamiez 1327 XII XIV Lewis of Bavaria goes into Italy Edward King of England is deposed and his Son Edward III. set up in his stead XLIV Ceccus of Asculum is condemned to be burnt at Bononia for maintaining that the influence of the Stars necessitates Man's Will The Book of Marsilius of Padua condemned by John XXII Michael Caesenas General of the Grey-Friers maintains his Opinion concerning the Poverty of J. Christ before the Pope at Avignon and is Imprisoned but he escapes a little after and appeals from all the Pope had done or could do to a General Council The Council of Ruffec held in January Maximus Planades is sent Embassador to Aquileia The Death of Vitalis de Farno Cardinal 1328 XIII Lewis of Bavaria causes Michael Corbario to be chosen Antipope who takes the name of Nicholas V. and is enthroned May 12. He was driven out of Rome Aug. 4. XV. Lewis of Bavaria is crowned Emperor at Rome by Cardinal Colonni Jan. 17. The Death of K. Charles the Fair. Philip of Valois succeeds him and is crowned at Rheims May 28. XLV Andronicus jun. deposes his Grandfather from the Empire 1. The Pope causes Process to be formed against Michael de Caesena General of the Grey-Friers and appoints Cardinal Bertrand de Turre of the same Order Vicar General The Council of London in February The Death of Augustine Triumphus Apr. 2. The Death of William Durandus Bishop of Menda The Death of Nicholas Trivet 1329 XIV XVI II. John 22. begins to Preach his Doctrin against the Vision of God immediatly after death This Pope deposeth by his Bull Michael Caesenas from his Generalty and causes his Deposition to be approved and confirmed in a General Chapter of the Grey-Friers held this year at Paris Gerard Odonis is chosen General in his place The King of France harkning to the Petitions of his Clergy maintains them in their Rights and Customs The Errors of John Eckard a German Divine condemned by the Pope The Council of Compeigne begun the Monday after the Nativity of the Virgin ended the Friday after the exaltation of the Hol. Cross. Conferences held at Paris in Dec. about the Church Power Michael Caesenas wrote in defence of his Opinion concerning the Poverty of J. Christ against John 22. John Bacon a Carmelite is made Provincial of his Order in England 1330 XV. Peter de Corbario is delivered to Joh. 22. and renounces his Papal Dignity XVII III.  The Council of Lambeth The Council of Marsac held from Dec. 6. to 11. William Ockam is excommunicated by the Pope for writing against him in favour of Lewis of Bavaria and flies to that Prince Ubertinus de Cassalis maintains his Opinion concerning the Poverty of J. Christ. Alavarus Pelagius is made Apostolick Penitentiary by the Pope about this Year Petrus de Casa is chosen the XIV General of the Carmelites Lupoldus Saxo. Nicholas Lyra finishes his Postills upon the Scripture Philip de Montcalier writes his Postill and Sermons William Mount 1331 XVI XVIII IV. Petrus de Palude some other Doctors are of Opinion that a Frier Preacher who in Confession had known the falshood of certain Letters produced by Robert d'Artois to prove his pretended Right to his Earldom might without sin discover it yea was obliged to do it  Petrus Bertrandus is made Cardinal Petrus de Palude made Patriarch of Jerusalem the year before takes his Voyage thither The Death of Bernard Guidonis December 13. 1332 XVII XIX V.  The Council of Maxfield in July Alvarus Pelagius is honoured with the Title of Bishop of Coronna and after is made Bishop of Silves 1333 XVIII XX. VI. The Publication of a General Crusado for the Holy-Land  Richard Fitz-Ralph is made Chancellor of Oxford William de Rubion Guy de Montrocher flourished The Death of Durandus à S. Porciano Bishop of Meaux 1334 XIX The Death of John the XXII which happened December 4. and Benedict XII is chosen the 16th and is Crowned four days after XXI VII King Philip of Valois causes the Doctors of Divinity of the Faculty of Paris to condemn the Opinion of Joh. XXII concerning the Vision of God and wrote to that Pope that he should revoke it  The Letter of William Ockam to the Chapter General of his Order assembled at Assisi Philip Cabassolas is made Bishop of Cavaillon The Death of Cardinal Bertrandus de Turre 1335 I. XXII VIII Pope Benedict XII debates the Question about the Beatifick Vision The Ambassadors of Lewis of Bavaria to the Pope rejected The Revocation of Commendams of Cathedral-Churches and Abbys by Pope Benedict XII A Bull concerning Residence The Council of Salamanca May 24. The Council of Roan held in September William Montledun Simon Boraston Walter Burley John Canon Matthew Blastares Nilus Cabasilas flourished 1336 II. XXIII The Death of Alphonsus King of Arragon to whom Peter IV. succeeded IX The Pope decides by his Constitution of Feb. 22. that the Souls of the Saints purged from sin see God intuitively immediatly after Death The Revocation of the Tenths which had been granted to King Philip de Valois upon the Clergy of France in consideration of his intended Expedition into the Holy Land The Council of Bourges Oct. 17. The Council of Chateaugonthier held in November William de Baldensel wrote the History of his Voyage into the HolyLand The Death of William of Nottingham Octob. 5. 1337 III. XXIV X. Francis Pistorio a Grey-Frier is condemned to be burnt at Venice for maintaining that J. Christ and his Apostles had nothing in property contrary to the Decision of John XXII The Council of Avignon in September Arnoldus Cesiomes wrote his two Letters 1338 IV. XXV XI An Ambassage of Lewis of Bavaria and the King of France to the Pope to obtain Absolution but is denyed the first time The Solemn Protestation of Lewis of Bavaria against the Proceedings of John XXII Barlaam sent by the Emperor Andronicus propounds to the Pope an Union between the Greek and Latin Churches which is rejected Daniel de Trevisi is sent by Leo King of Armenia to Pope Benedict XII and composes a Treatise for the Justification of the Armeniâ—… The
Council of Toledo Oct. 1. Joannes Tharlerus Petrus Bercherius Alphonsus Vargas flourished Philotheus is chosen Patriarch of Constantinople in the room of Callistus who was put out about the end of this Year 1356 IV. X. XV.   Nicholas Oresmius is made Head of the College of Navar. Nicholas Eymericus is appointed Inquisitor General by the Pope about this year 1357 V. XI The Death of Alphonsus IV. K. of Portugal He left Peter the Cruel his Son Heir of his Kingdom Cantacuzenus leaves the Empire to John Palaeologus and retires into a Monastry I. Richard Archbish. of Armagh in Ireland opposes the Begging Friers about the Offices of the Clergy and their Begging and went to Avignon about it where he delivered a discourse upon that Subject Nov. 8. before the Pope and Cardinals  Gregorius Ariminensis is chosen General of the Augustine Monks May 24. in the room of Thomas of Strasburg who dyed this year Richard of Armagh Robert Conway flourished Ralph Higden finished his Chronicon which was continued by John Malverne 1358 VI. XII II.   The Death of Callistus Patriarch of Constantinople The Death of Gregorius Ariminensis The Death of Adam Goddam 1359 VII XIII III. Amurath succeeds his Father Orcham Bertholus de Rorbach is condemned to be burnt at Spires for his Erroâ—s Jenovez of Majorca foretells that Anti-christ shall come at Pentecost in 1360.  The Death of Alphonsus Vargas Oct. 1â— as some say but as others Dec. 26. 1366. 1360 VIII XIV IV. Martin Gonsalvus calls himself the Angel St. Michael and is condemned by the Archbishop of Toledo and burnt His Scholar Nicholas of Calabria declares himself the Son of God and is burnt at Barcelona Gerhardus Groot institutes the Order of the Friers of a Common Life The Jesuits are instituted at the same time The Order of S. Saviour is erected by St. Bridget  Bernard Dapifer wrote his History of St. Gothalmus Fortanerius Vassalli is made Cardinal and dyes the next Year in October Joannes Calderinus Bartholomew Glanvile Jordanus Saxo. Joannes Cyparissota Manuel Calecas flourished The Death of Robert Conway The Death of Richard Archbishop of Armagh Decemb. 16. 1361 IX XV. V.   John Scadland begins his Treatise of the State of the Cardinals Nicholas Oresmius is made Treasurer of the Chappel at Paris The Death of Joan. Thaulerus May 17 1362 X. Innocent VI. dyed Sept. 12. and Urban V. was chosen Octob. 28. and crowned November 5. I. XVI VI.  The Council of Maxfeild The Council of Lambeth Peter Boherus Jacobus de Altâ villâ John Imenheusen flourished The Death of Peter Bercherius 1363 II. XVII VII A Recantation of certain Doctrines of Mr. John Chaleur made by the Order of the Faculty of Divinity at Paris  Nicholas Oresmius delivers his Discourse against the Irregularities of the Court of Rome before the Pope and his Cardinals The Death of Ralph Higden 1364 III. XVIII John King of France died in England April 8 and Charles V. his Son Sirnamed the Wise was Crowned May 19. VIII The Condemnation of the Doctrins of Dionysius Soulechat a Grey Fryer concerning Poverty by the Faculty of Divinity at Paris with a Prohibition to him to teach Soulechat Appeals to the Pope   1365 IV. XIX IX The Recantation of Suolechat at Avignon judged Insufficient The Council of Anger 's March 12.  1366 V. XX. X.   Philip Cabassolas made Titular Patriarch of Jerusalem He is appointed a Legate and Created Cardinal Sept. 22. the next Year John de Tambachis made Master of the Sacred Palace by the Pope 1367 VI. Urban leaves Avignon to go to Rome Apr. 20. and Arrived there October 6. XXI XI  The Council of York held in September  1368 VII The Emperor Charles went into Italy and brought the Cities of Italy into Subjection to the Pope The Death of Peter the Cruel King of Portugal to whom his Son Ferdinand Succeeds XII The Business of Saclechat referred to John Bishop of Beauvais Cardinal Chancellor of the Church of Paris and of the Faculty of Divinity The Condemnation of divers Errors by Simon Langham Arch-bishop of Canterbury The Council of Lavaur June 1 Hugolnus Malebranchius chosen General of the Augustâ—nes Philip Ribot made Provincial of the Carmelites 1369 VIII Peter I. King of Castilles Slain Henry XI Succeeds him The Emperor John Palaeologus came to Rome Signan Union with the Roman Church He was Arrested some time after by the Venetians and released by Maoug his 3d Son who paid his Debts The Recantation of Soulichat made at Paris in the Church of the Jacobins on the Sunday Quasimo do or Low-Sunday  Robert Gervais is made Bishop of Senez 1370 IX Urban V. returns to Avignon Sept. 24 and died December 19. Gregory XI is chosen December 18 and Consecrated and Crowned Jan. 4 of the next Year XXIV XIV The Sect of the Turlupins settle themselves in Provence Matthew of Cracovia Gallus Abbot of Konigsaal S. Bridget S. Katherine of Sienna Flourished Hugolina Malebranchius is made Bishop of Ariminum  1371. I. XXV XV.   Joannes Rusbrokius John Balistari John of Hildisheim Joannes Golenius Flourished The Death of Philotheus Patriarch of Constantinople 1372 II. XXVI XVI  The Opinion of John de Latona concerning the Eucharist Condemned by two Cardinals appointed by the Pope Arnoldus de Pucierda a Grey Fryer is Condemned for his Errors Henry de Rebdorf â—inishes his Annals Henry of Dolendorp John Fustgin Flourish 1373 III. XXVII XVII   Arnoldus de Terrenâ wrote about this Year Thomas Stubs finished his Chronicon Isaac Argyra Composed his Kalendar S. Bridget died July 23. 1374 IV. XXVIII XVII   Francis Petrarch died July 14. The Death of John Balistari 1375 V. The Florentines revolt engage Bononia and other Cities of Italy to their Party XXIX XIX Wickliff began to divulge his Doctrins The Order of Hieronymites is approved by the Pope The Order of S. Ambrose is confirmed by the Pope  Radulphus de Praelles Philip de Meserius Flourished 1376 VI. Gregory XI went to Rome September 13 arrived there Jan. 7 in the next Year XXX Wâ—nceslaus K. of Bohemia the Emperor Charles his Son was chosen K. of the Romans  The Doctrins of Wickliffe Condemned by the Arch-Bishop of Canterbury   1377 VII Pope Gregory retires to Anagnia and returns to Rome in November XXXI The Death of Edward IIâ— King of England XXI Peter King of Arragon Wrote to the Pope to Revoke his Censure passed on the Works of Raimundus Lullus  Matthaeus Florilegus Nicholas Oresmius is made Bishop of Lisseux The Death of John Schadland 1378 Gregory XI died March the 27th The Cardinal entred the Conclave at Rome Apr. 7. The Romans require a Roman or an Italian Pope The Archbishop of Paris chosen in a Tumultuous manner Apr. 9 and Crowned 17 under the Name of Urban the VI. The Cardinals fly into Anagni in
May 17 1314. His Genuine Works c. Several Letters and Bull concerning the Business of Boniface and that of the Templars in the History of Mr. du Puis in the I Tome of the History of the Popes of Avignon of Mr. Balaesius and others The Decretals gathered by John XXII under the Title of Clementines in the Body of the Law Other Letters and Bulls in the Annalists WILLIAM PARIS A Preaching Friar flourished about 1310. Genuine Works c. A Dialogue upon the VII Sacraments A Postil upon the Epistles and Gospels JOHN of PARIS A Preaching Friar a Licentiate in the Faculty of Divinity at Paris in 1304 and died in 1306. Genuine Works c. A Treatise upon the Eucharist A Treatise upon the Regal and Priestly Authority Works in MSS. Three Sermons A Treatise of the Christian Religion A Correctory of the Doctrin of S. Thomas THOMAS TOICIUS or TOYCE An Auglish Monk of the Order of Preaching Friars and Cardinals Chosen Cardinal in 1305 died in 1310. His Genuine Works A Commentary on the seven Penitential Psalms Printed at Venice 1602. A Commentary on St. Augustine's Books of the City of God His other Commentaries on the H. Scripture among the Works of St. Thomas WILLIAM LE MAIRE Bishop of Anger 's Made Bishop in 1290 died in 1314. Genuine Works An History of the Church of Anger 's A Collection of Synodal Statutes MALACHY A Grey Friar and Chaplain to Edward II King of England flourished in 1310. A Genuine Work A Treatise of the Infection of mortal Sins and of their Remedies JAMES DE TERMES Abbot of Charlieu flourished in 1310. A Genuine Work A Treatise of Exemptions and Priviledges of the Monks JAMES of VITERBO Of the Order of Hermites of St. Augustin Arch-Bishop of Naples Flourished in 1310. Works lost A Book of the Government of the Christians A Commentary on the Sentences Quodlibetical Questions ALEXANDER of ALEXANDRIA A Preaching Friar Flourished in 1310. Works lost Commentaries on the Book of the Master of the Sentences and on those of Aristotle JOANNES de S. GEMINIANO A Preaching Friar Flourished in 1315. Genuine Works A Summary of Examples and Comparisons Sermons for Lent Funeral Orations RAIMUNDUS LULLUS A Grey Friar Born in 1236 retir'd from the World in 1280 and died in 1315. Genuine and Supposititious Works See the Catalogue of them p. 53. PETRUS JOANNES OLIVA Of Serignan a Grey Friar flourished in the beginning of the Century Works in Manuscript or lost A Postil on the Apocalypse A Treatise of Evangelical Poverty JOHN of FRIBURG Of the Order of Preaching Friars Bp. of Osma flourished in the beginning of the Century and died in 1314. Genuine Works A Summary for Preachers Another Grand Sum for Confessors A Gloss upon the Summs of Raimundus de Pennaforti ANDRONICUS The Elder Greek Emperor Reign'd from 1283 to 1328 died in 1333. A Genuine Work still extant A Dialogue between a Jew and a Christian about Matters of Religion Manuscript Works Treatises against the Armenians and against Joannes Vexus NICEPHORUS CALLISTUS XANTOPULUS A Greek Monk flourished under the Emperor Andronicus the Elder A Genuine Work An Ecclesiastical History AEGIDIUS ROMANUS or GILES Of Rome Arch-bishop of Bourges Was of the Family of Colonni and Pupil to Thomas Aquinas Constituted of the Order of Augustin Hermites in 1292 Install'd Arch-bishop of Bourges in 1294 died in 1316. His Genuine and lost Works See the Catalogue of them p. 54. ECKARD A German of the Order of Preaching Friars Flourish'd in the beginning of the Century Works lost A Commentary on the four Books of the Sentences Commentaries on Genesis Exodus the Book of Wisdom the Gospel according to St. John and the Lord's Prayer A Discourse made in a Chapter of Grey Friars Theses and Sermons GUY Bishop of Ferrara Flourished in the beginning of the Century Works lost A Poem concerning the History of the Old and New Testament call'd the Pearl of the Bible Some other Pieces in Prose and Verse PETRUS DE SAXONIA A Preaching Friar Flourish'd in the beginning of the Century Works lost A Sum of Cases Several Sermons GERHARDUS DE BONONIA General of the Carmelites Flourish'd in the beginning of the Century and died in 1317. Works lost A Commentary upon the Sentences Quodlibetical Questions Divers Sermons Part of a System of Divinity GULIELMUS DURANTUS Bishop of Menda Advanced to that Bishoprick in 1296 died in 1328. A Genuine Work A Treatise of the manner of Celebrating a General Council Printed at Paris in 1671. JOHN of PARIS A Regular Canon of St. Victor Flourished in 1320. Manuscript Works Historical Memoirs or Flowers of History VICTOR PORCHET DE SALVATICIS A Carthusian Monk Flourish'd in 1320. A Genuine Work A Defence of the Christian Religion against the Jews WILLIAM DE MANDAGOT Cardinal made Arch-bishop of Embrun in 1295. Translated to the Arch-bishoprick of Aix and C reated Cardinal in 1311 died in 1321 A Genuine Work still extant A Treatise of the Election of Prelates BERENGARIUS DE FREDOL Cardinal Ordained Bishop of Beziers in 1298. Cardinal Priest by Pope Clement V. Cardinal Bishop of Frascati in 1309 and Cardinal Bishop of Porto in 1317 died June 10. A D. 1323. A Genuine Work A Commentary upon the Cardinal Bishop of Ostia's Sum under the Title of Oculus A Manuscript Work A Treatise of Excommunication and Interdiction ANTONIUS ANDREAS A Grey Friar and Pupil to Scotus Flourish'd about the Year 1320. Genuine Works A Commentary upon the Books of the Sentences Commentaries upon those of Aristotle and Boethius A Treatise about the Principles of Gilbertus Porretanus HERVAEUS NATALIS A Preaching Friar Made the Fourteenth General of his Order in 1313 died in 1323. His Genuine Works See the Catalogue of them p. 55. PTOLEMAEUS LUCENSIS Bishop of Toricelli Made Bishop in 1321. Genuine Works Annals from the Year 1060 to 1303. A Chronicle of the Popes and Emperors PHILIP Bishop of Aichstat made Bishop in 1305 died in 1322. A Genuine Work The Life of St. Walpurgis HUGO PRATENSIS A Dominican Monk Flourish'd from the beginning of the Century to the Year 1322 which was that of his Death Genuine Works Sermons for the whole Year and upon the Festivals of the Saints JOHN of NAPLES A Preaching Friar Flourished in the beginning of the Century and died in 1323. Genuine Works Questions of Philosophy and Divinity Works lost A Commentary upon the Sentences Quodlibetical Questions Sermons c. PETRUS AUREOLUS Of the Order of Grey Friars Arch-bishop of Aix was Professor of Divinity at Paris in the beginning of the Century made Arch-bishop of Aix in 1321 died a little while after Genuine Works still Extant A Commentary upon the Book of Sentences An Abbridgment of the Bible Quodlibetical Questions A Sermon upon the Immaculate Conception Works Lost The Distinctions of the Rose Sermons for the whole Year A Treatise of Poverty MARTIN A Preaching Friar Penitentiary of Rome Flourish'd in the Beginning of the Century Works Lost A Table of Decrees A Short
granted by Clement VI. 31 Communion The Canon Omnis Utriusque sexus renewed 95 97 101 103 106 108 118 Conception of the Virgin Mary Scotus's Opinion about it 52. The Immaculate Conception receiv'd by the University of Paris ibid. Conclave The Constitution of Clement the VI. about it 31 Concubine-Keepers How punish'd 93 94 Confession The Obligation of making it to one's own Curate 71. Allow'd to be made to begging Friers ibid. 118. A Canon made between the Begging Friars and Bishops about Confessions 96. The Duty of Priests in them 110. Allow'd to Priests to choose whom they please for it 109. A Question about the Secresy of Confession 68 Confessors Ought not to require any thing for doing their Duty 94 Conradus Arch-Bishop of Saltzburg renews several Constitutions in a Council ibid. Councils The Celebration of them 47 116. The Authority of a General Council 60 County of Burgundy why seized on by Philip the Fair 3 Court of Rome Reform'd by Benedict XII 30. Its Exactions oppos'd in France 40 42 43 44 Cramault Patriarch of Alexandria His Remonstrance to the Assembly of Paris 40. Opposes the disanulling of the Substraction 41 Criminals In matters of Faith may be proceeded against without Counsel or Advocate 16. When such as are Condemn'd to Death may have the Sacrament administred to them 86 100 Croisado Against the Colonni in Italy 4. Against the Florentines 32. Against the Turks under Clement VI. 31 Cur Mundus Militat c. The Author of that Prose 51 Cures The Collation of them 92 93 95 D DAtary of Rome By whom made 38 Dead Prayers for Dead Bishops and others 97 Decretâ—ls of Popes The Compilers of them 48 Dionysius Soulechat a Grey Fryar His Errors and their Condemnation 114 and 115 Deposita Or things put into the keeping of the Church a Canon in their favour 93 Diet. A Rule about the Diet of the Clergy 93 Discipline of the Church A Canon about it 92 divers Points of it 117 118 sequ to 111 Dispensations Their Grant 47. 60. The common use of them abolish'd 30 Dulcinus de Novara His Errors and Tragical Death 112 Charles of Duras See Charles E Ecclesiastical Revenues See Revenues Eckard a Preaching Friar His Errors 79 113 Edward II. King of England His Quarrels with Philip the Fair 2. His Ambassaâ—ors deliver'd to the French 30. He refuses the Empire of Germany 31 Edward III. His Institution of the Order of the Garter 118 Elections Rules about them 92. Why restor'd in France 40 43 44. Rules about them in France during the Neutrality 47 Emperors of the Greeks Their Succession in the 14 Century 82. Their disposition to Unite the Greek and Latin Churches 83 84 Empire of Germany Contended for between Lewis of Bavaria and Frederick of Austria 23 Engelbert Arch-Bishop of Colen His Canons confirm'd by his Successors 102 Entrance into the Monastick Life A Prohibition to take any thing for it 95 Epistles and Gospels Who are to Read them in the Church 94 Essence A Dispute about Essence and Operation amongst the Greeks 84 85 86 Eucharist A Dispute Whether the Three Persons of the Trinity are in the Eucharist 76. John of Paris the Dominican's Opinion about it 50 as also of John de Latona and Bonagetus 115. Indulgeâ—ces granted those that attend it when carry'd to the Sick 102. Ought to be under Lock and Key 97 Excommunication Forbidden for Money-Matters 98. Absolution from it reserv'd to the Pope by whom given 47. Rules concerning Excommunications 117 Excommunicate Persons Rules against them 92 93 94 105. Of their Burial when they remain a Year 98 107 Extreme Unction Who are to Administer it 110 F THe Faculty of Divinity at Paris It s â—…wisdom and constancy to its Decisions 15. It s power to maintain the Faith 114 115. False Coiners A Canon against them 92 Festivals The Institution of the Feast of the H. Sacrament confirm'd 96. Christians exhorted to Fast on its Vigil 100. Those of the Apostles and four Evâ—ngelists Commanded 104 and also of St. Martha ibid and St. Ildefonsus 105 and of the Conception 110. The solemnity of the Feasts of Patrons 97 Favours See Gratiae Expectativae 7 8 First Fruits Their Establishment 37 116. Forbidden in France during the Schism 43 44 Flanders The Pope's Bull in favour of the Count of Flanders against the King of France 4. That King refuses to set the Count and his Children at Liberty ibid. Florentines Their Revolt from Gregory XI 32 St. Flour made a Bishoprick 22 France Its Privileges oppos'd by Pope Boniface and maintain'd by King Philip the Fair 5 Francis Baroncelle's Attempts at Rome and his Tragical End 32 Francis de Pistorio a Grey Friar Burnt at Venice and why 30 Francis Pregnano Nephew of Urban VI. The Design of that Pope to Advance him 35. The Estate he procur'd him 36 The effects of his Dissoluteness in Naples 37 Francis Thebaldesches call'd Cardinal of St. Peter How acknowledged Pope 34. His Death 35 Fratricelli A sort of Monks abolish'd 28 Frederick Duke of Austria His Election to the Empire 23. Confirm'd by the Pope ibid. Defeated and taken Prisoner by his Competitor Lewis of Bavaria Ibid. Frederick Marquess of Misnia Refuses the Empire 31 Free-Will According to Bradwardin 70 Friars Minors or Grey Friars Divided into Two Parties and how Nam'd 24. The causes of that Division ibid. A Canon made by John XXII of the Form of their Habit 25. The Prosecution and Condemnation of such as disobey'd it ibid and 32. A Dispute about what they spent 25 26 27 Friars Spiritual Their Errors 24 25 32 112 Friars of the Common Life Their Institution 118 Frerots Their Errors 112 Fulcranus or Fulcaldus de Rochechouart Arch-Bishop of Bourges A Council held under him 106 G GAllican Church See Church of France Garter The Order of that Name when Establish'd in England 118 Geneva The Ancient Race of its Counts extinct by the Death of Clement VII 39 Gentilis de Monâ—flore Cardinal Some Canons which he Publish'd in a Council in Hungary 94 Geofrey See Jeffrey Gerhard Minister General of the Grey Friars is Pope JohnIId's Legate to Paris 28. The scandal his Doctrine about the Saints Happiness caus'd ibid. Gerhard Sagarel His Errors 112 Gerlac Arch-Bishop of Mentz Succeeds Henry Depos'd 31. Much forwarded the Election of Charles of Moravia to the Empire ibid. Gerson See John Gerson Giles D' Albernoz Arch-Bishop of Toledo His Constitutions in divers Councils 166 167 Giles Alvarez Cardinal The effects of his Legateship in Italy 32 Giles Des Champs Doctor of Paris Refuses to go to Clement III. 38. Publishes the Act of Substraction 40 Gonsalvus III. Arch-Bishop of Toledo A Council held under him 105 Gontherius Count of Thuringia His Election to the Empire and his Death 31 Grace Of Grace and Free-Will 70 Gratiae Expectativae Reform'd by Benedict XII 30. Abolish'd in France 41 44 Gregory XI Pope By whom advised to leave Avignon and Reside at Rome 32. He follows the Advice
the Council from Florence to Rome by the Bull of Eugenius dated May the 3d. An Assembly at Frankfurt for the holding a New General Council Flavius Blondus John Ernest. Henry of Werlis Andrew of Utreckt Flourish'd Leonard Aretin died the 9th of March aged 74 Years The Death of Gerard of Stredam Augustine of Rome died in this Year or rather in 1445. 1443 XIII IV. XXI 1443. A Letter of the Eastern Patriarchs against Metrophanes Patriarch of Constantinople The Death of Metrophanes on the 1st of August Gregory the Protosyncelle chosen in his room A Council at Jerusalem against Metrophanes the Patriarch of Constantinople held in the Month of April A Translation of the Council of Basil to Lausane by the Decree of May the 16th An Assembly at Nuremberg held about the Feast of St. Martin for the Peace of the Church  1444 XIV V. XXII 1444. Decrees of the Pope Eugenius for the Syrians Caldeans Nestorians Maronites and other Sects in the East  The Birth of Aelius Anthony le Brixa or Nebrissensis St. Bernardin of Siena died the 20th of May. The Death of Julian Caesâ—in a Cardinal 1445 XV. VI. XXIII The Death of the Emperor John Manuel Palaeologus on the 31st of October His Son Constantine succeeded him 1445. The Council of Roan The Death of John Tudeschus who was call'd Panormitanus 1446 XVI VII I. 1446.  St. Antonine is made Archbishop of Naples in the Month of February Albert of Sarciano wrote his Treatise about the Rebukes that were due to Insolent Men. Nicolas Cusanus was nominated Cardinal December 20th Bartholomew a Carthusian died the 12th of July The Death of William Lyndwood 1447 The Death of Eugenius IV. Febr. the 23d Nicolas V. is chosen in his room on the 6th of March. VIII II. 1447.   1448 II. IX III. 1448. The Council of Anger 's Gerard Machel died the 17th of July 1449 III. Felix Renounced the Papal Dignity and so put an end to the Schism X. IV. 1449.  Matthew Palmier finish'd his Chronicle John of Stavelo finish'd his Chronicle and died 1450 IV. XI V. 1450.  John of Turrecremata is promoted to the Bishoprick of Ozenle in Gallicia which he quitted for that of Albano in Italy Laurence Justinian is advanc'd to the Dignity of Patriarch of Aquileia John Capgrave John Canales Flourish'd The Death of Albert of Sarciano 1451 V. XII VI. Amirath the Emperor of the Turks dies in the Month of February and his Son Mahomet II. succeeded him 1451. A Censure of the Faculty of Theology at Paris against two Propositions contrary to the Rights of Parish-Priests advanc'd at Roan by John Bartholomew of the Order of Friars Minors  John of Hagen or of Indagine James of Clusa of Paradise or Junterbuck Flourish'd 1452 VI. XIII VII 1452.  Henry Kaltesein is made Archbishop of Nidrosia or Dront in Norway and of Caesarea The Death of Peter of Jeremy 1453 VII XIV VIII The Taking of the City of Constantinople by the Turks under the Command of Mahomet II on the 29th of May. The Emperor Constantine was kill'd in it and the Empire of the Greeks at Constantinople ended in his Person 1453. The Pope imposes Tenths upon the Clergy for a War against the Turks   1454 VIII XV. John II. King of Castile died the 10th of July Henry IV. his Son succeeded him  1454.  The Death of Alphonsus Tostatus 1455 The Death of Nicolas V. on the 25th of March. Callistus III. is chosen in his room on the 8th of April XVI  1455. The beginning of the Contest between Sigismund Duke of Austria and the Cardinal of Cusa about the execution of the Cardinals Jurisdiction in his Bishoprick of Brixen The Duke is cited by the Pope  Laurence Justinian dies on the 8th of January The Death of John of Anagnia 1456 II.  XVII 1456. An Appeal made by the University of Paris from a Bull of Pope Nicolas V. against the Rights of Parish-Priests in favour of the Regulars Mendicants who are Expell'd the University A Revocation of that Bull by Calistus III. The Council of Soissons St. John Capistran dies the 3d of October aged 71 Years 1457 III.  XVIII 1457. The Regulars Mendicants renounce the Bull and are at last restor'd to the University The Pope imposes Tenths for a War against the Turks   1458 The Death of Callistus III. on the 6th of August Pius II. is chosen on the 19th of the same Month. I.  XIX Alphonsus King of Arragon dies at Naples on the 27th of June John his Brother succeeds him 1458. Pope Pius renews the Censures of his Predecessor against the Duke of Austria who appeals from him to a Council and Gregory of Heimburg draws up the Act of Appeal  Alphonsus Spina writes his Treatise entituled The Fortress of Faith The Death of Dominic Capranica The Death of Maphaus Vegius 1459 II.  XX. 1459. The Imposition of Tenths for a War against the Turks which Germany would not endure The Duke of Austria takes the Cardinal of Cusa Prisoner who could not obtain his Liberty without paying a great Ransom  St. Antonin finishes his Historical Sum and dies the 2d of May aged 70 Years The Death of John Baptista Poggio 1460 III. XXI Henry VI. K. of England is Conquer'd by Richard Duke of York who causes himself to be declar'd King This latter was overcome and slain by Queen Margaret the Daughter of Renatus Duke of Anjou 1460. Bulls of Excommunication by the Pope dated August the 2d against the Duke of Austria and his Adherents Another Bull of Excommunication of October 18th against Gregory of Heimburg who wrote Notes upon it and made a Reproachful Appeal against this Bull.   VVilliam of Vorilong Nicolas of Orbellis Gregory of Heimburg Theodore Laelius Henry Gorcome or Goricheme John Gobelin Henry Arnold Matthew Camaride George Codinus VVilliam Houpelande Flourish'd 1461 IV. XXII Charles VII K. of France dies on the 22d of July in the 30th Year of his Reign and Louis XI his Son succeeds him Edward IX Son of Richard drove away Henry VI. and Margaret his Wife and is declar'd King of England in the Month of June 1461   James Picolomini is made Cardinal Denis Rickel a Carthusian John of Grinstrode John Canneman John of Malines John of Nivelle James Zenus Flourish'd 1462 V. XXIII 1462.   The Birth of John Trithemeus on the 1st of February Ducas a Greek Author finish'd his Byzantine History 1463 VI. XXIV 1463.   St. Katharine of Bologne died the 9th of March and Flavius Blondus the 4th of June Leonicus Calchondylus finish'd his History of the Turks The Birth of John Picus of Mirandula 1464 Pius II. dies on the 14th of August Paul II. is chosen the 1st of September I. XXV  1464. The Institution of the Order of the Knights of the Moon by Renatus Duke of Anjou  John of Turrecremata exchang'd his Bishoprick of Albano
for that of Sabina John Busche finished his Chronicle of VVindesem Nicolas of Cusa and John Capgrave die August 12th The Death of VVilliam of Vorilong and Theodore Laelius 1465 II. XXVI  1465. A Censure of the Faculty of Theology at Paris against some Propositions maintain'd in the Schools in Fouara Street  John Beetz John Soreth Alanus de la Roche Flourish'd Laurence Valla died aged 50 Years and James of Clusa aged 80 Years Henry Kalteisen died on the 3d of October 1466 III. XXVII  1466.   1467 IV. XXVIII  1467. The Institution of the Order of Minims by St. Francis of Paule  The Death of Anthony of Rosellis John of Turrecremata died the 28th of September James Perez was made Bishop of Chrysopolis on the 1st of October 1468 V. XXIX  1468.   1469 VI. XXX  1469. The Institution of the Order of St. Michael by Lewis XI  Roderick Sance of Areval finish'd his History of Spain 1470 VII XXXI  1470. A Censure of the Faculty of Theology at Paris against a Proposition of John Meamer about Ecclesiastical Power A Conclusion of the same Faculty about the Truth of some Propositions of the Creed  Henry Harphius or of Herp Gabriel Barlette John Baptista Platina Alexander of Imola John of Lutrie Laurence Cabaneus Dominic of Dominici Louis Dona. Conrad de Rodemberg Stephen of Caiete George Melitoris Tilman of Ravensburg John Wessel or of VVessales VVilliam Forleon Ambrose Coriolan Benedict Stendel of Halles Sifroy Bishop of Cyrene Godeschalcus of Meschede Flourish'd 1471 Paul II. dies on the 25th of July Sixtus IV. is chosen on the 2d of August XXXII Henry VI. King of Enggland is restor'd by Louis XI and driven away and kill'd quickly after by Edward    Denis Rickel died on the 12th of March aged 69 Years Thomas of Kempis on the 24th of July aged 70 Years and John Soreth on the 25th of the same Month. Henry of Pizo. John Tinctor Flourish'd 1472 II. XXIII  1472.  Conrade of Elten Conrade of Zaberne John of Dorsten Angelus the Saxon Flourish'd John of Gruistrade died February the 12th The Death of Cardinal Bessarion Giles Charlier died the 23d of November 1473 III. XXXIV  1473. A Bull of Sixtus IV. in favour of the Regulars Mendicants The Council of Toledo Martin the Master takes the degree of Dr. in the Faculty of Theology at Paris Robert Gaguin is chosen General of the Order of Trinitarians 1474 IV. XXXV The Death of Henry IV. King of Castile Ferdinand of Arrigon who Married his Daughter Isabel succeeded him  1474. Sixtus IV. puts off the Jubilee for 25 Years  Jerom Sabonarola enters into the Order of Friars Preachers The Death of Alanus de la Roche 1475 V. XXXVI  1475.  Theodorick of Herxen Nicolas of Warhenheim Michael of Milan John Cousin Henry Prudens Flourish'd John of Hagen or of Indagine died about this Year 1476 VI. XXXVII  1476.  John of Circy is chosen General of the Order of Cistercians John Beetz died the 23d of July 1477 VII XXXVIII  1477. A Censure of the Faculty of Theology at Paris about a Proposition concerning the Trinity The Council of Orleans Robert Fleming wrote a Poem in Commendation of Sixtus IV. John of Circy disputes stoutly against the Commendations of Monasteries in the Council of Orleans and the next Year after in the Council of Tours The Death of James Zenus 1478 VIII XXXIX  1478. A Bull of Sixtus IV which put an end to the Differences between the Parish-Priests and Regulars Mendicants The Council of Tours Dominick de Dominicis died the 17th of February The Death of Heâ—â—y Harphius and Laurence Calcaneus 1479 IX XL.  1479. A Condemnation of the Errors of Peter of Osma at Toledo and at Rome  John Raulin takes the Degree o Doctor of Divinity at Paris The Death of John of Latrie 1480 X. XLL John King of Arragon dies on the 16th of February Ferdinand V his Son succeeds him and unites in his own Person the Kingdoms of Castile and Arragon  1480. The Pope approves the Office of the Conception of the Virgin composed by Bernardin de Bustis  Augustine Patricius Canon of Siena wrote his History of the Councils of Basil and Florence John de Deo Bernandin de Bustis John Picus of Mirandula Peter Shottus John Kimne of Duderstat John Manburne Arnold Bostius or Boschius George Phranâ—a Gabriel Biel. John Baptista Salvis or de Salis Flourish'd John de Indagine died about this Year 1481 XI XLII Alphonsus the King of Portugal dies on the 28th of August John II his Son succeeds him  1481.  Matthias Palmier finish'd his Continuation of the Chronicle of Matthew Palmier Pacificus of Novara Angelus de Clavasio John Baptista Trovanala or Novamala John Losse Charles Fernand. John Fernand. Marfilius Ficinus Wernerus Rolwink of Laer Flourish'd John Baptista Platina died aged 60 Years 1482 XII XLIII  1482. A Censure of the Faculty of Theology at Paris against a Proposition about Indulgences  Peter Natalis finish'd his Catalogue of Saints Bernard Aquila Anthony of Baloche Bernardin of Tome Robert Caraccioli Michael of Milan Nicolas of Creutznach Nicasius of Voerde Benedict Capra John Andrew Flourish'd Martin the Master died aged 〈◊〉 Years 1483 XIII XLIV The Death of Louis XI King of France on August 29 Câ—arles VIII his Son succeeds him Edward IV. Ring of England dies Richard III. Duke of Glocester his Brother having put his Nephews to Death usurps the Crown  1483. A Censure of the Faculty of Theology at Paris against some Propositions of John de Angeli about the Hierarchy  Augustine Patricius is made Bishop of Pienza John Trithemius is chosen Abbot of Spanheim The Death of Francis Diede 1484 The Death of Sixtus IV. on August 12. Innocent VIII is chosen on October 29. I. XLV  1484.  The Death of George Melitoris and Henry Prudent 1485 II. XLVI  1485. The Council of Sens. Peter Brutus William of Aix la Chapelle Baptista of Ferrara Flourish'd The Death of Tilman of Ravensburg 1486 III. XLVII Henry of Richmond the Son of John Brother to Henry VI. King of England kill'd Richard Duke of Glocester and by Marrying Elizabeth the Daughter of Edward IV united in his own Person the Rights of the Houses of York and Lancaster to the Crown of England and was the 7th King of England of the Name of Henry  1486. A Censure of the Faculty of Theology at Paris against some Propositions of John Merchant a Friar Minor about St. Francis A Censure of the same Faculties against some Propositions of John Lailier A Petition of Lailier to the Official of Paris A new Censure of the Faculty against Lailier Lailier's Retractation and his Absolution by the Bishop of Paris The Condemnation of Lailier by the Pope A Censure of the same Faculty against some Propositions of Morality  Conrade of Redemberg died
their own Hands reading and prayer 7. He prohibits Incestuous Marriages with Nuns or near Relations 8. He recommends Peace and Union 9. He enjoyns the Observation of the Solemn Fasts of Lent of the Ember-Weeks of Wednesday and Friday and the Celebration of Divine Service on Sundays and Festivals Lastly He recommends the payment of Tythes There is also a Pastoral Letter written by this Archbishop and directed to his Suffragans which is related by William of Malmsbury Edmund being kill'd in the year 946. his Brother Elred took possession of the Throne We have An Assembly of Bishops at London A. C. 948. no Laws enacted by this Prince only the Charter of a considerable Donation made by him to the Monastery of Crowland in favour of Turketulus who had been formerly Chancellor of the Kingdom and to whom he gave that Abbey This was done in an Assembly of Bishops and Lords held at London in the year 948. After the death of Elred which happen'd in 955 Edwin the Son of Edmund was proclaim'd King but sometime after part of England Revolting Edgar the Brother of Edwin got a share of his Dominions and upon his Brother's Death obtain'd the sole Possession of the whole Kingdom This Prince being more Religious than his Predecessors entirely re-establish'd the Purity of Discipline in the Church of England and brought the Monastical Course of Life into Repute by the Advice of S. Dunstan who may be call'd the Restorer of thâ— Ecclesiastical Discipline in England This Saint was born in the Country of the West-Saxons in the first year of King Ethelstan's Reign A. C. 923. He enter'd into Holy Orders very young and after having compleated his Studies S. Dunstan Archbishop of Canterbury made application to Athelm Archbishop of Canterbury who introduc'd him into the Presence of King Ethelstan Afterward having fall'n into some disgrace at Court he retir'd to Elfeg Bishop of Winchester who advis'd him to embrace the Monastical Life which he accordingly did and continued in his Retirement till the Reign of King Edmund when he was invited to Court by that Prince He did not remain long there without being obnoxious to the Envy and Hatred of several Persons who misrepresented him to the King insomuch that he was oblig'd to retire to his Solitude of Glassenbury where he took up his Abode altho' he was restor'd to the Favour of King Edmund who had always a great respect for him granted considerable Revenues to his Monastery and continu'd to follow his Counsels not only in the management of Civil Affairs but also of Ecclesiastical He was no less esteem'd by King Elred who determin'd to nominate him to the Bishoprick of Winchester but Edwin having receiv'd a severe Reprimand for his Irregularities from this Abbot banish'd him and pillaged his Monastery However King Edgar recall'd him immediately after his Accession to the Crown and made him not only Bishop of Winchester but also conferr'd on him the Government of the Church of London At last the Archbishoprick of Canterbury being vacant in the year 961. by the death of Odo Elfsin Bishop of Winchester who was appointed to supply his place dying in a Journey he made over the Alps to Rome to fetch the Pall and Berthelim who was substituted in his room having refus'd to accept that Dignity Dunstan was Invested with it a few days after and went to Rome to receive the Pall. At his return he apply'd himself altogether to the Reformation of the Clergy of England and took upon him to Expel all those who refus'd to lead a Regular Course of Life and to Restore the Monks to their former Station This Saint had for his Fellow Labourers and Imitators of his Zeal Ethelwold Bishop of Winchester and Oswald Bishop of Worcester who founded a great number of Monasteries and took much pains in Reforming the Clergy and Extirpating the Vices that were predominant in England The former dyed in the year 984. before S. Dunstan who foretold his approaching Death as well as that of the Bishop of Rochester in a Visit which those two Prelates made him but the latter did not dye till after this Archbishop viz. in the year 992. As for S. Dunstan he surviv'd King Edgar who dy'd in 975 and maintain'd the Right of the young Prince Edward against the Pretensions of Alfride who endeavour'd to transfer the Crown to her Son Ethelfred but Edward being Assassinated Three years after by the Treachery of that Queen Dunstan was constrained to Crown Ethelfred and foretold the Calamities that should befall England and the Family of this young Prince as a Punishment for his Crime and that of his Mother At last S. Dunstan dy'd laden with years and honour A. C. 988. In his time and apparently by his Direction King Edgar in 967. not only publish'd Laws like to those of his Predecessors for the preservation of the Revenues of the Church for the Payment of Tythes and S. Peter's Pence and for the Solemn Observations of Sundays and Festivals but also divers Ecclesiastical Constitutions relating to the Manners and Functions of Clergy-men to the Celebration of the Mass to the Confession and Pennances that ought to be impos'd on those who commit Sin c. Indeed these Canons may serve as a kind of Ritual for the Use of Curates It is affirm'd that they were made in the year 967. by King Edgar but this does not appear to be altogether certain and perhaps they are of a later date The Discourse which this King made to Dunstan Archbishop of Canterbury and to Oswald and Ethelwold Bishops of Worcester and Winchester is much more certain He there inveighs against the Irregularities and Disorders of the Clergy and pathetically Exhorts those Bishops to joyn their Authority with His to repress their Insolence and to oblige them to apply the Ecclesiastical Revenues to the Relief of the Poor for which Use they were design'd To the end that this Order might be put in Execution he granted a Commission to those three Prelates to take the Matter in hand and gave them power to turn out of the Churches such Clergy-men as liv'd dissolutely and to Substitute others in their room By virtue of this Injunction S. Dunstan held a General Council A. C. 973. in which he ordain'd A general Council of England in the year 973. that all the Priests Deacons and Subdeacons who would not lead a sober Life should be Expell'd their Churches and caus'd a Decree to be made to oblige them to Embrace a Regular and Monastick Course of Life or to Retire And accordingly these three Bishops turn'd the old Clergy-men out of most part of the Churches and put Monks in their place or else forc'd them to assume the Monastical Habit. S. Dunstan did not only shew his Constancy and Zeal with respect to the Clergy but was also as zealous in treating Kings and Princes For he sharply reprov'd King Edgar for abusing a young Maid whom he had sent for out of
a Monastery and impos'd on him a Pennance of Seven years A certain very potent Earl having married one of his near Kinswomen he Excommunicated him and refus'd to take off the Excommunication altho' the King had commanded him and the Earl had obtain'd a Brief of the Pope for his Restoration S. Dunstan being inform'd of it reply'd That he was ready to obey the Pope's Commands provided the Person had really repented of his Offence but that he would not suffer him to persist in his Sin nor without submitting to the Discipline of the Church to insult over the Prelates and as it were to triumph in his Crime At last the Earl being mov'd with his Constancy and the fear of those Punishments which the Divine Vengeance usually inflicts upon Excommunicated Persons left his Kinswoman did Publick Penance and threw A Council under S. Dunstan and King Edgar himself down prostrate before S. Dunstan in a Council barefoot cloath'd with a Woollen Garment holding a Bundle of Rods in his Hand and lamenting his Sin from which S. Dunstan gave him Absolution at the request of the Bishops of the Council The Reformation of the Clergy cannot be carried on without great Opposition nor without creating many Male-contents insomuch that in King Edgar's Life time the Clergy-men depriv'd of their Benefices used their utmost Efforts to recover them and having made a Complaint in an A Council at Winchester A. C. 975. Assembly held at Winchester in the beginning of the year 975. they prevail'd upon the King by their Entreaties and the Promises they made to lead a more regular Course of Life for the future But as they were about making a Decree for their Restoration on Condition they should live more regularly a Voice was heard coming as it were from the Crucifix which pronounc'd these words It will turn to no account you have pass'd a just Sentence and you will do ill to alter your Decisions However after the death of King Edgar these Clergy men renewed their Instances and even offer'd force to drive the Monks not only from their Places but also out of the Monasteries which were lately founded But S. Dunstan always maintain'd his Reformation which prevail'd in the most part of the Churches and Monasteries of England under the Reigns of Edward and Ethelred S. Dunstan and S. Ethelwald did not only take pains to Reform the Ecclesiastical Discipline in England but also in reviving the Study of the Liberal Sciences and even they themselves compos'd some Works A modern English writer call'd Pits says that S. Dunstan compil'd certain Forms of Archiepiscopal Benedictions a small Tract on the Rule of S. Benedict a Book call'd Rules for the Monastical Life several Writings against Vicious Priests a Treatise of the Eucharist another of Tythes a Book of Occult Philosophy a Tract for the Instruction of the Clergy and some Letters And indeed we cannot be certainly assur'd upon the Credit of this Writer whether S. Dunstan were really the Author of these Works which are no longer extant but we find a Concordance or Rule for the Monastick Life and under the Name of Edgar set forth by Rainerus which is apparently a Piece of S. Dunstan as well as the other Constitutions of that Prince and there is extant a Letter written by him to Wulfin Bishop of Worcester which Father Mabillon publish'd from a Manuscript of Monsieur Faure Doctor of the Faculty of Paris The Life of S. Dunstan was written by Osborn Chaunter of the Cathedral Church of Canterbury who was Contemporary with this Saint and is found in the Fifth Benedictine Century of Father Mabillon If we may give farther Credit to Pits S. Ethelwald in like manner compos'd several Tracts S. Ethelwald Bishop of Winchester of which he gives us this following Catalogue A Book dedicated to Pope John XIV concerning the Authority of the Bishops over their Priests a Treatise against those Priests who commit Fornication and against their Concubines another of the Abbots of Lindisfarn another of the Kings Kingdoms and Bishopricks of England a History of the Kings of Great Britain a Narrative of his Visitations a Treatise of the Planets and Climates of the World the Treatise of the Abbots of Lindsfarn which this Author attributes to S. Ethelwald is apparently a piece compos'd in Verse by Ethelwulf a Monk of that Abbey The other Works are no longer Extant and perhaps never were but only in Pits's imagination The Writers of Ecclesiastical History are not agreed about the immediate Successor of S. Dunstan Alfric or Aelfric Archbishop of Canterbury in the Archbishoprick of Canterbury Some give him the Name of Siricius and others of Alfric or Aelfric however it is certain that the latter was Archbishop of Canterbury in the beginning of the following Century in regard that he sign'd in that Quality a Priviledge granted by King Ethelred He was a Pupil of S. Ethelwald succeeded him in the Monastery of Abington was afterward made Abbot of Malmsbury by King Edgar then Bishop of some Church in England about which Authors are not agreed and at last being advanc'd to the Metropolitan See of Canterbury he govern'd that Church till about the year 1006. This Archbishop in his time was in great reputation for his profound Skill in the Sciences of Grammar and Divinity insomuch that he was Surnam'd The Grammarian His Sermons were translated into the Saxon Tongue in order to be read publickly in the Churches and his Letters were inserted in the Synodical Books of the Church of England The English Writers assure us that their Libraries were full of a great number of Works of this Archbishop written in the Saxon Tongue and they have lately publish'd some of them translated into Latin viz. A Paschal Homily of the Body and Blood of Jesus Christ in which he discourses much after the same manner as Ratramnus or Bertram and two Letters one to Wulfin Bishop of Salisbury and the other to Wulstan Archbishop of York on the same Subject which were printed at London in 1566 1623 and 1638. In the Body of the Councils is contain'd a Canonical Letter of Alfric directed to Wulfin which is a kind of Ritual for the use of the Priests The principal Manuscript Treatises of this Author compos'd in the Saxon Tongue are an History of the Old and New Testament till the Taking of Jerusalem a Penitential Eighty Sermons a Letter concerning the Monastical Life another against the Marriage of Clergy-men a Saxon Chronicle of the Church of Canterbury certain Lives of the Saints and Versions of some Latin Works among others the Dialogue of S. Gregory Sometime before Fridegod a Monk of S. Saviour at Canterbury wrote in Verse at the request Fridegod Monk of S. Saviour at Canterbury of Odo the Lives of S. Wilfrid and of S. Owen Archbishop of York the former was publish'd by Father Mabillon in the first part of the Third and Fourth Benedictine Centuries William of Malmesbury observes that these
had not obtain'd the Pall which his Legats requir'd because they were not given at Rome but to Persons there present The seventh is a Letter of William King of England and Duke of Normandy to Pope Gregory VII who acquainted him that his Legat was come to wait upon him to demand of him the Oath of Fidelity and the Mony which his Predecessors had always been us'd to remit to Rome He answers him That as for the Oath he would take none because he was not allow'd to do it and his Predecessors had never done it As for the Mony he says that for these three last years which he had spent in France it had been Collected very carelessly that he would send him what was already gather'd and the remainder he would send by Lanfrank's Deputies He desir'd to be recommended to his Prayers and assures him that he had a sincere Affection for him and would be always submissive to him Lanfrank at the same time sent the Pope word that he could not as yet prevail upon the King to take the Oath which he required and assures him that he had still the same Affection for him as formerly This is the Eighth Letter The ninth is a Certificate granted to a Man of the Diocess of Seez who stood Convicted of having kill'd three Persons who went to Mount S. Michael The Bishop of Seez had injoyn'd him Pennance and granted him Letters directed to the Bishops that they might absolve him or release him from part of his Pennance when they should think it proper This is what Lanfrank certifies to the Arch-bishop of York In the tenth writ to the same Arch-bishop he very clearly determines that it is not Lawful for a Man or a Woman who are divorc'd for Adultery to Marry again The eleventh is a Letter of Thomas Arch-bishop of York who wrote to Lanfrank desiring he would send to him the Bishops of Winchester and Dorchester to assist him in Consecrating a Bishop of the Isles of the Orcades protesting that hereby he did not pretend that these two Bishops were his Suffragans By the following Letter Lanfrank enjoyns them to do it In the thirteenth directed to John Arch-bishop of Roan he tells him his Opinion upon several Rites and Ceremonies which he wrote to him about He maintains that in the Consecration of Churches the Bishop ought not to wear his * Chasuble but a * Chappe Several Copes and Vestments wore by the Mass-Priests and other Clerks of the Church of Rome and that the * Maniple ought not to be given at the Ordination of Sub-deacons because 't is not a Habit peculiar to Ecclesiasticks no more than the Albe and Amict since in Monasteries the Laicks wear them The four next are likewise directed to the same Arch-bishop in the two first he writes to him about a difference which had happen'd in the Church of S. Owen which is related at large in a Passage of an History of the Church of Roan mention'd by Father Luke Dachery in his Notes The third is a Letter of Complement In the last he excuses himself upon some complaints that had been made of him The Four next are written in Favour of Baldwin Abbot of S. Edmond and the Religious of that House The Last is Pope Gregory the Seventh's to Lanfrank by which he orders him to prevent Bishop Herfast from putting that Abbot to any Trouble And this is the Subject-Matter of the former Letter which Lanfrank had wrote to that Bishop The One and twentieth is a Letter to the same Bishop about a Man whom he had ordain'd Deacon without having receiv'd any Order for it who besides was a married Man and would not turn off his Wife He enjoins him to depose him from his Deaconship to give him for the future only the four lesser Orders and not to place him among the Deacons unless he would live single If he did that then he should not confer the Order of Deacon upon him again but only grant him a Power of discharging his Functions by giving him the Gospels in a Synod or an Assembly of the Clergy The Two and twentieth is likewise an Answer directed to that Bishop about a Man who had enter'd into Priest's Orders without being fit for it He orders That he should be enjoy'd Pennance and suspeâ—â—ed from all Ecclesiastical Functions till such time as he thought fit to restore him The Three and twentieth is directed to Herbert Bishop of Norwich his Suffragan whom he reproves for slighting a Letter which he sent him in favour of Berard a Clerk belonging to the Abbot Baldwin He tells him of the Respect which is due to Metropolitans and admonishes him to turn out Monk Herman who went under a bad Name The Four and twentieth is directed to Maurice Bishop of London elect He returns him this Answer That he ought to injoin them Pennance who had apprehended a Man who dy'd under their Hands That he could not speak any farther of his Affair to the King That Clerk Geofrey charg'd with Apostacy ought to be turn'd out of his Church or bring Letters demissory from his Bishop And advises him to meet him the Saturday before Laetare-Sunday at Chichester and that he would there give him Priests Orders The following Letters which are very short are upon various and particular Subjects However there are several Things in them concerning the Discipline of the Church viz. In the Six and twentieth That a Priest who has taken upon him the Habit of a Monk and liv'd sometime in a Monastery without having receiv'd Benediction cannot return to the World again In the Seven and twentieth That Arch-deacons have a Right of distributing the Holy Chrism In the Two and thirtieth That young Women who have made a religious Profession or who have been presented at the Altar shall be oblig'd to continue Religious but that such as have not made any such Profession nor have been presented shall have Liberty to go out as well as those who fled for Sanctuary to Monasteries for fear of the French In the Three and thirtieth he proves to the Bishops of Ireland That tho' it might be proper to give the Sacrament of the Lords Supper to Infants yet it was not absolutely necessary for Salvation The Six Seven and Eight and Thirtieth inform us That the Clergy and Laity of Dublin elected their Bishop and sent him to the Arch-bishop of Canterbury for Ordination That there were some Irregularities in the Churches of Ireland and that it was requisite to call a Counciâ— there to reform them In the Nine and fortieth he shews That the Apostate-Monks who offer'd to return to their Monasteries again ought to be pardoned and to be treated with the same Kindness as formerly In the Sixtieth and the Last he proves That a Monk who has engag'd himself to constant Residence in any Monastery may now and then go to another Monastery when urgent Occasion requires it In the Fiftieth he refutes Berenger who charg'd S.
by Pope Urban but his Residence in that City being inconvenient by reason of the excessive Heats he retir'd to a Village near Capua where the Pope soon gave him a Visit upon his arrival at the Siege of Capua which Place was invested by Roger Duke of Apulia After the raising of the Siege the Pope held a Council at Bari in which St. Anselm assisting disputed earnestly against the Greeks about the Procession of the Holy Ghost and entreated the Pope and the Bishops not to excommunicate the King of England When the Council was concluded he accompany'd the Pope to Rome and some Days after the King of England to whom Urban had written that he ought to re-establish St. Anselm in his Metropolitan See sent thither an Ambassador who obtain'd a Demurrer till the Festival of St. Michael St. Anselm being inform'd of the matter determin'd to go to Lyons but the Pope oblig'd him to stay in order to be present in a Council which was to be held at Easter in the Year 1099. Thus he resided during six Months at Rome and was very highly esteem'd in that City The Writer of his Life observes that certain English Men who came to visit him being desirous to Kiss his Feet as it was usually done to the Pope's he would not sufâ—er them to do it and that the Pope admir'd his Humility in that particular Lastly St. Anselm having assisted in the Council of Rome A. D. 1099. in which Laicks who took upon them to give Investitures and those Clergy-men who receiv'd them from their Hands were excommunicated he took leave of the Pope and retir'd to Lyons where within a little while after he was inform'd of the Death of Urban II. and afterward of that of William II. King of England which happen'd in the Month of August A. D. 1100. Henry I. his Successor immediately recall'd St. Anselm to England where he was no sooner arriv'd but he had new contests with that Prince about the Investitures and the Oaths of Allegeance and Supremacy which he refus'd to take Forasmuch as this Affair was regulated at Rome it was requisite that the King should make application to that Court to endeavour to cause the Resolution which had been taken there to be chang'd However St. Anselm reâ—us'd to ordain the Bishops who had receiv'd Investiture from the King and nothing could be obtain'd from Rome Afterward this Arch-bishop being perswaded by the King to take a Journey to Rome to find out some Expedients for the adjusting of that Affair went thither accompany'd with an Ambassador Upon their Arrival the Matter was debated A. D. 1105. in the presence of Pope Paschal II. to whom the Ambassador peremptorily declar'd That the King his Master would sooner be prevail'd upon to part with his Kingdom than with his right to the Investitures The Pope reply'd That he would sooner lose his Life than suffer him to retain it However at last it was agreed upon That the King of England should enjoy certain Privileges which were in his possession but that he should lay no manner of claim to the Investitures Therefore the Excommunication which he was suppos'd to have incurr'd by granting the Investiture of Benefices was taken off but it was ordain'd That those Persons who had receiv'd them from his Hands should remain excommunicated for some time and that the giving them Absolution for that Offence should be reserv'd to St. Anselm The Affair being thus determin'd the Ambassador and St. Anselm set forward in their Journey but when they were arriv'd near Lyons the Ambassador declar'd to him in his Master's name that he was forbidden to return to England unless he would promise him to submit to the Custom which prevail'd in that Kingdom without having any regard to what had been ordain'd to the contrary by the Pope St. Anselm refusing to enter into such an Engagement stay'd some time at Lyons and having pass'd from thence into Normandy at last came to an Accommodation with the King of England on condition that the Churches which King William II. had first made subject to the Payment of a certain Tax should be exempted from it and that his Majesty should restore what he had exacted of the Clergy and every thing that was taken from the Church of Canterbury during the exile of the Arch-bishop After this Agreement which was concluded A. D. 1106. between the King and the Arch-bishop at Bec Abbey St. Anselm return'd to England was re-establish'd in his Arch-bishoprick and enjoy'd it peaceably till his Death which happen'd three Years after in the 16th since his advancement to that Dignity and the 76th of his Age A. D. 1109. St. Anselm is no less famous for his Learning and the great number of his Writings than for his Conduct and the Zeal he shew'd in maintaining the Rights of the Church The largest Edition of his Works is the last published by Father Gerberon and it is that which we shall follow being divided into three Parts The First of these containing Dogmatical Treatises bears the Title of Monologia that is to say a Treatise of the Existence of God of his Attributes and of the Holy Trinity It is so call'd by reason that it is compos'd in form of the Meditations of a Man who reasons with himself to find out Divine Truths and who explains them accordingly as they are discover'd by him It is a very subtil Work and contains a great Number of Metaphysical Arguments He continues to Treat of the same Subject and observes the same method of Writing in the Prostogia where the Person who reason'd with himself in the first Work making his Addresses to God Discourses of his Existence Justice Wisdom Immensity Eternity and of his being the Summum Bonum or Soveraign Good A certain Monk nam'd Gaunilon having perus'd this Treatise could not approve the Argument which St. Anselm makes use of therein to prove the Existence of God taken from the Idea of a most perfect Being We have says he at least the Idea of a most perfect Being therefore this Being of necessity Exists Gaunilon not being able to comprehend this Argument which seems to be a Sophism or meer Fallacy to those who are not endu'd with a sound and penetrating Judgment to discern the force of it wrote a small Tract on purpose to refute it in which he objects every thing that is most subtil and plausible to overthrow this Ratiocination St. Anselm return'd a very solid Answer in which he enervates his Adversary's Objections and makes it appear that his Argument is Rational and Convincing The Treatise of Faith of the Holy Trinity and of the Incarnation Dedicated to Pope Urban II. was written against a French Clergy-man nam'd Rocselin Tutor to Abaelard who undertook to prove That the three Persons of the Trinity are three different Things because otherwise it might be said That the Father and the Holy Ghost were Incarnate St. Anselm being as yet Abbot of Bec began a Treatise to confute
Sums of Mony within the Precincts of the Churches 5. That nothing shall be exacted for Burying the Dead or for administring the Sacraments of Baptism and the Lord's Supper 6. That Clergy-men shall not bear Arms nor go on Warfare 7. That no Clerk nor Lay-man shall lend Mony upon use 8. That the Monks and Clerks shall not quit their Profession 9. That none shall offer violence to Clergy-men as they are Travelling 10. That there shall not be suffer'd any manner of oppression of the Poor 11. That no Man shall take to Wife any of his near Relations 12. That it should be prohibited to leave a lawful Wife in order to marry another Lastly all those Persons were excommunicated who should protect or hold correspondence with the new Hereticks of France the Sodomites and certain Lords who had contracted forbidden Marriages and assaulted some Bishops and other Clergy-men The Council of Tours held in the Year 1060. THE Custom being now introduc'd that the Councils for the reformation of Church-discipline The Council of Tours in 1060. should be held in the presence or by the authority of the Legats of the See of Rome Stephen Cardinal and Legat of Pope Nicolas II. call'd one A. D. 1060. at Tours in which it was ordain'd 1. That all those Persons who give Mony for any Ecclesiastical Dignity shall be depriv'd of it for ever 2. That if any Bishop or Patron confer Benefices for Mony the Clerks shall be allow'd to oppose their Proceedings and to have recourse to the Arbitration of the neighbouring Bishops nay even to Appeal from them to the See of Rome 3. That no new Benefice can be sold nor any Church-Revenues alienated 4. That none shall purchase any Spiritual Livings of Lay-men 5. That the same Person cannot enjoy two Benefices in different Churches 6. That the Bishops Priests and Deacons who knowing the Prohibition made by Pope Nicolas do not forbear the Exercise of their Ministerial Functions when they have been engag'd in a scandalous Conversation with Women or who shall refuse to desist for the future after having receiv'd information of that Prohibition shall be depos'd without a possibility of restauration 7. That Clergy-men who bear Arms shall be depriv'd of their Benefices and Dignities 8. That Laicks who presume to sell or dispose of the Church-Revenues shall be excommunicated 9. That those Men who marry their Kinswomen or those Women who keep an unchast Correspondence with their Kinsmen and refuse to leave them or to do Pennance shall be excluded from the Communion of the Faithful and turn'd out of the Church 10. That those Monks who quit the Monastick State shall likewise be separated from the Communion of the Church as Apostats The Council of Soissons held in the Year 1092. ROSCELIN a Clerk of the Church of Compiegne and a very able Logician gave it out The Council of Soissons in 1092. in the end of the Eleventh Century That the three Divine Persons of the Holy Trinity were three Things This Opinion was condemn'd in a Council held at Soissons A. D. 1092. under Raynold Arch-bishop of Rheims and confuted by St. Anselm by Ives of Chartres and even Roscelin Clerk of Church of Compiegne Theobald a Clerk of the Church of Etampes by Abaelard who is reputed to have been his Pupil Roscelin was oblig'd to make an abjuration of his Error in that Council but afterward he did not forbear to maintain it obstinately and for that reason was banish'd from France and England THEOBALD a Clerk of the Church of Etampes likewise wrote a Letter against him on another Subject viz. to shew That the Sons of Priests may be admitted into the Clergy Divers Councils held in Normandy The Council of Rouen conven'd A. D. 1050. MAUGIER Arch-bishop of Rouen held a Council in that City A. D. 1050. with Hugh Bishop of Eureux and Robert of Coutances in which he drew up a Letter directed The Council of Rouen in 1050. to the Bishops and Faithful of his Province containing the following Constitutions viz. 1. That the Articles of Faith compris'd in the Creed of the Catholick and Apostolick Church ought to be firmly adher'd to 2. That no Presents shall be made to Princes nor to their Officers for the obtaining of Bishopricks 3. That the Bishops shall not covet to be translated from one See to another out of a Principle of Ambition 4. That the Monks shall not cause themselves to be made Abbots for Mony 5. That one Bishop shall not dispossess another nor one Abbot another 6. That the Bishops shall not exact any thing for Ordinations 7. That their Officers that is to say their Arch-deacons or Secretaries shall not in like manner demand any thing upon that account 8. That no Person shall be ordain'd who is not of a competent Age and who has not made a sufficient progress in Learning 9. That a Bishop shall not ordain a Clerk of another Diocess without the permission of his Diocesan 10. That the Bishops shall not bestow the Revenues Lands and Benefices of the Clergy on Laicks 11 12 and 13. That Clergy-men shall not endeavour to supplant one another 14 15 and 16. That nothing shall be exacted for the Holy Chrism nor for the Consecration of Churches nor for the Administration of Baptism 17. That on the eight days during which new Baptized Persons wear the †A sort of Vestments worn by Popish Priests Albe they shall be obliged only to offer their Wax-Tapers and the Linnen with which their Heads were cover'd by reason of the Holy Chrism 18. That the Pennance impos'd on Offenders shall neither be augmented nor diminish'd for Money 19. That the new Baptized Persons shall spend eight days in wearing the Albes and holding lighted Tapers in the Church where they were baptized The Council of Lisieux held A. D. 1055. and that of Rouen in 1063. THE Arch-bishop of Rouen under whom the preceding Council was held was depos'd A. D. 1055. in another Council conven'd at Lisieux in the presence of Stephen Bishop of The Council of Lisieux in 1055. Sion in Switzerland the Pope's Legat which consisted of the Bishops of that Province He was accus'd of having robb'd his Church of consuming its Revenues in unprofitable Expenses and of dissipating part of them to Largesses only to satisfie his Ambition He was also suspected to be guilty of infamous Crimes and was censur'd for not shewing a due Respect to the See of Rome He was apparently culpable but that which chiefly brought upon him this Condemnation was the Displeasure of Duke William his Nephew who was incens'd against him because he had excommunicated that Prince upon account of his Marriage with the Princess Mathilda his Kinswoman the Daughter of Baldwin Count of Flanders and favour'd the Party of Duke Arques his Brother Therefore the Duke banish'd him immediately after his Condemnation to the Isle of Guernsey and caus'd Maurillus a Monk of Fecamp to be substituted in
the Hands of the Rabble The latter immediately wrote to King William about the Affair and the Monks did the like on their side This Prince order'd that the Arch-bishop should reconcile the Church and upon his refusal caus'd it to be done by the Bishop of Auranches nevertheless to give Satisfaction to the Arch-bishop some of the Monks were put into Prison and others were dispers'd in divers Monasteries The Council of Rouen held A. D. 1074. IN the Year 1074. the same Arch-bishop John held onother Council at Rouen with his The Council of Rouen in 1074. Suffragans in which he publish'd Fourteen Canons The First imports That to extirpate Simony 't is forbidden to buy or sell any sort of Benefice whether it be an Abbey Arch-deaconry Deanery or Cure of Souls and to exact any thing for admission into Orders The Second That Abbeys shall only be bestow'd on those who are well vers'd in Matters of Church-Discipline by the means of a continu'd practice of it for several Years The Third That the ancient Constitution shall be observ'd which prohibits to entertain any Clerk without a Letter of recommendation from his Diocesan The Fourth That several Orders shall not be receiv'd on the same day The Fifth That the Sub-deacons Deacons and Priests shall not be ordain'd but upon making a solemn Profession according to the Injunctions of the Council of Toledo The Sixth That Monks or Nuns who have fallen into any publick notorious Enormity shall be excluded for ever from the exercise of their Functions The Seventh enjoyns That the Monks and Nuns take care exactly to observe St. Benedict's Rule The Eighth That Clergy-men who are ordain'd shall be instructed in those things which are express'd in the Eighth Canon of the Eighth Council of Toledo The Ninth That Christian Burial shall not be deny'd those Persons who die suddenly if they do not actually lie under the guilt of some notorious Crime nor to Women with Child or newly brought to Bed The Tenth That no Credit shall be given to the Depositions of those Persons who under a colour of a scruple of Conscience declare that they have had to do with the Sisters or Relations of their Wives to have a pretence to leave them unless they bring sufficient Proof of the Matter of Fact The Eleventh That they shall likewise be oblig'd to the same thing who give it out that they did not receive all the inferiour Orders when they were ordain'd Priests on purpose to get an opportunity to quit the Sacerdotal Functions The Twelfth That Clergy-men degraded for their Misdeameanours shall not have the liberty to lead a secular Life as Laicks The Thirteenth That those Persons whose Marriage is declar'd Null because it was contracted with near Relations shall live continently till they be married to others The Fourteenth That the Christians shall not have any Jews for their Slaves nor any Jewish Women for their Nurses Some time after this Arch-bishop of Rouen falling Sick of a Palsey King William the Conqueror demanded a License of Gregory VII to substitute another Clerk in his room This Pope gave orders to Hubert Sub-deacon of the Church of Rome his Legat with the Bishops and Abbots of the Province and the Clergy of the City of Rouen to enquire whether John de Bayeux their Metropolitan were really capable any longer to perform the Episcopal Functions and in case it appear'd so that they should exhort him to consent to the Election of another Arch-bishop but if his Distemper hindred him from giving such Consent they might proceed to the Choice of a Person worthy of being advanc'd to that Dignity Upon mature deliberation John being found uncapable was oblig'd to make a Resignation in due form and retir'd to one of his Country-Houses The King caus'd William Abbot of St. Stephen at Caen the Son of Radbodus Bishop of Sees to be chosen to supply his place Pope Gregory disapprov'd this Election because he was the Son of a Priest but notwithstanding his Prohibition William was ordain'd A. D. 1079. whilst John was as yet living who died some time after The Council of Lillebonne held A. D. 1080. WILLIAM I. sirnam'd the Conquerour King of England and Duke of Normandy caus'd The Council of Lillebonne in 1080. a Council of the Prelats of Normandy to be held at Lillebonne in his presence A D. 1080. William Arch-bishop of Rouen presided in this Synod and divers Constitutions were made therein against those who married their Relations against Clergy-men who had Wives to prohibit Simoniacal Practices and Exactions for the performance of Ecclesiastical Functions concerning the restitution of Revenues usurp'd from the Churches the Rights of Bishops and Arch-deacons the maintenance of Priests to serve the Churches that belong to Monks and about the Punishments to be inflicted on Criminals and the Infringers of the Ecclesiastical and Civil Laws The Councils of the Province of Aquitaine The Council of Narbonne held in the Year 1054. GEFFREY Arch-bishop of Narbonne held in that City A. D. 1054. a Council consisting The Council of Narbonne in 1054. of ten Bishops and made a large Ordinance concerning the Laws of Peace and Truce in which he marks the Days on which it is forbidded to make War as also the Persons and Goods that ought to be free from Insults even in the time of War who are more especially Clergy-men Husband-men and Merchants with the Effects belonging to their respective Qualities The Council of Toulouse held A. D. 1056. POPE Victor II. having given Orders to Rambaldus Arch-bishop of Arles and to Pontius The Council of Toulouse in 1056. Arch-bishop of Aix his Vicars to call a Council for the extirpation of Simony and the restauration of Ecclesiastical Discipline They met together A. D. 1054. at Toulouse with the Arch-bishop of Narbonne and divers other Bishops of France and drew up thirteen Canons In the First it is Decreed That those Persons who receive Ordination for Mony shall be degraded from their Dignity as well as they who ordain'd them In the Second That a Bishop Abbot or Priest shall not be ordain'd till the Age of thirty Years nor a Deacon till he has attain'd to that of Twenty five In the Third That nothing shall be taken for the Dedication of Churches In the Fourth That nothing shall be given to obtain Ecclesiastical Benefices In the Fifth That they who turn Monks with a design to get the Government of an Abbey shall never be promoted to that Dignity In the Sixth That the Abbots shall govern their Monks according to St. Benedict's Rule and that they shall not suffer them to enjoy any private Estate nor to hold a Provostship or Superiority without their consent The Seventh enjoyns Priests and Deacons to lead a single Life The Eighth That Lay-men shall not have any Spiritual Livings The Ninth That the Estates and Goods of deceased Persons shall not be pillag'd but that they shall be dispos'd of according to their
upon them to interpret the Laws according to their own capricious Humour admitting some and rejecting others at their Pleasure they corrupt that which is sound over-rule just Allegations foment Divisions conceal Crimes make void lawful Marriages penetrate into the Secrets of Families defame innocent Persons absolve the Guilty and in a Word leave no Stone unturn'd to get Mony This is the Character that Peter of Blois gives us of the Officials of his time very different as 't is to be hop'd from that of those Gentle-men who now discharge those Functions in our Churches In the Twenty sixth he advises a Friend of his to enter upon a Course of Divinity at Paris after having left the study of the Civil-Law to which he apply'd himself at Bononia because a Clergy-man ought not to be entirely immers'd therein He censures by the way the sinister Practices of the Advocates of his Time who made it their whole business to get Money and to enrich themselves In the Twenty seventh he acquaints the Canons of Beauvoir with the Death of Thomas Becket Arch-bishop of Canterbury and tells them that there was reason to be so far from bewailing his Death that they ought to rejoice at his Happiness He likewise makes mention of the Dissensions that happen'd in his Church about the Election of a Successor The Twenty eighth is written in the Name of Rotrou Arch-bishop of Rouen to William Arch-bishop of Sens and the Pope's Legate whom he exhorts to use his utmost endeavours to divert those Calamities which were ready to break forth in the Territories belonging to the Church of Roan by reason of the War that was carry'd on by the two Kings In the Twenty ninth directed to the Abbot and Monks of St. Alban he complains that one of their Priors had refus'd to entertain him at his Table and shews how much Hospitality is recommendable more especially in Monks In the Thirtieth he communicates to his Friend Rainaud chosen Bishop of Bath the Dream that he had upon his promotion to the Episcopal Dignity The Thirty first is written to the Abbot of Fontaines concerning a Distemper with which Peter of Blois was afflicted The Thirty second is a recommendatory Letter directed to the Prior of Canterbury The Thirty third is written in the Name of Rotrou Arch-bishop of Roan to Henry III. the Son of Henry II. King of England who was preparing to make War with his Father to entreat him to take into his Protection Andely and the other Territories of the Church of Roan In the Thirty fourth he excuses himself to the Bishop of Perigueux who had offer'd him his House for not accepting of his Proposal because he was detain'd by the Promises of his old Patron The Thirty fifth and Thirty sixth are Exhortations to a certain Nun. The Thirty seventh is a Letter of Excuse to the Prior of Jumieges for neglecting to send back a Book that he had borrow'd of him The Thirty eighth is an Apology directed to Albert Cardinal of the Church of Rome for the Conduct of the Arch-bishop of Canterbury who was accused of being ignorant of the Laws covetous and too much inclin'd to raise his Family The Thirty ninth is a Letter written by way of a secret Trust to one of his Friends in which he sends him word That the Court of Rome according to the usual Custom had charged him with many Debts and that if he could once find means to discharge them he would take care not to fall into that Abyss for the future In the Fortieth he condemns the Deportment of a certain Bishop who spoke ill of his Prince In the Forty first he entreats Henry II. King of England to give him notice of the Place where he was to the end that he might wait on him and acquaints him that his Majesties Envoys are return'd from Rome clear'd of their Silver and loaded with Lead without being honour'd with any considerable Presents and that the Ambassadors of the King of Spain were come to meet him to constitute him Mediator of the Peace between them The Forty second is written to Robert Provost of Aire in Flanders elected Bishop of Cambray to whom he gives a smart Reprimand for contenting himself to enjoy the Revenues of his Bishoprick without taking care to perform the Episcopal Functions and for leading a Secular and Scandalous course of Life The Forty third is a very apposite Consolation compos'd by him upon occasion of the Sickness of a certain Person in which he sufficiently makes it appear that he had study'd the Art of Physick In the Forty fourth he advises Arnulphus Bishop of Lisieux not to leave his Bishoprick by reason of any opposition that might be made by his Prince his Chapter or the People of his Diocess but he would perswade him to resign it in case he aspir'd to that Dignity by under-hand dealings In the Forty fifth he vindicates Rainaud Bishop of Bath from the imputation of having persecuted or occasion'd the Death of St. Thomas of Canterbury and observes that if he made somewhat too severe a Reflection upon him at the time when that Arch-bishop excommunicated the Bishop of Salisbury it ought to be forgiven him as well as what he might have done against him thro' Ignorance and so much the rather in regard that he had expiated that Fault by a very rigorous Penance In the Forty sixth directed to Richard Bishop of Syracuse after having excus'd himself for returning to Sicily he enlarges on the Commendation of Thomas Becket Arch-bishop of Canterbury The Forty seventh is written in the Name of Richard Arch-bishop of Canterbury who exhorts Henry the Son of Henry II. King of England to desist from making War with his Father and threatens to excommunicate him unless he submit to his Remonstrances In the Forty eighth he congratulates William Cardinal Bishop of Pavia upon account that at last an end was put to the Quarrel between Pope Alexander and the Emperor Frederick by his mediation and declames against Octavian and his Electors In the Forty ninth he complains That some of the Canons of Chartres whom he took for his Friends had brought an Information against him in a Trial depending between him and Robert of Salisbury for a Prebend of Chartres and that not being able to â—ully his Reputation they had slanderously traduc'd the Memory of his Father In the Fiftieth he entreats the Bishop of Bayeux to absolve a certain Person who had committed Man-slaughter in his own defence and who being afflicted with a very sensible Grief for that unfortunate Accident had done Penance in due Form In the Fifty first he admonishes Jocelin Bishop of Salisbury to pay his Debts and not to bestow too great Favours upon his Nephews In the Fifty second he acquaints the Arch-bishop of Canterbury who had sent him to the King of England That he met with a furious Storm during his passage into Normandy and assures him that he was ready to undertake every thing and
admitted which was dedicated to the Novices of the Monastery of St. Sulpicius of the Cistercian Order These two Authors wrote in the end of the Century ZACHARY a Regular Canon as some say of the Order of Premontre in the Monastery of St. Martin at Laon or according to others Bishop of Chrysopolis wrote a Commentary on Ammonius's Evangelical Concord which was printed at Colen A. D. 1535. and in the Nineteenth Tome of the Bibliotheca Patrum We have no certain Account of the Life and Character of this Author or of the time when he flourish'd CHAP. XIII Of the Writers of Ecclesiastical History of the Twelfth Century THE Twelfth Century has produc'd so great a Number of Historians and Historical Works as well Ecclesiastical as Prophane that 't is in a manner impossible to give a particular Account of every one of them nevertheless we have endeavour'd to make a Catalogue of them and at least to represent the Authors and their Works in general In order to do which more conveniently and more methodically we have distributed them under several Articles and Divisions The Writers of General History FLORENTIUS BRAVO an English Monk of Winchester wrote a Chronicle from the Creation Florentius Bravo Monk of Winchest of the World to the Year of our Lord 1118. taken in part from that of Marianus Scotus printed at London A. D. 1595. and at Francfurt in 1601. as also a Genealogical Account of the Kings of England which is likewise annex'd to the London Edition He died A. D. 1119. ECKARD Abbot of Urangen in the Diocess of Wurtzburg flourish'd A. D. 1130. and left a Eckard Abbot of Urangen Chronicle to Posterity Trithemius makes mention of a Work of this Author call'd The Lantern of Monks there are also extant certain Letters and Sermons written by him HUGH a Monk of Fleury compos'd A. D. 1120. a Chronicle from the Creation of the World Hugh Monk of Fleury to the Year 840. which was printed at Munster in 1638. The same Author wrote two Books concerning the Royal Authority and the Sacerdotal Dignity which were dedicated to Henry I. King of England and publish'd by M. Baluzius in the Fourth Tome of his Miscellaneous Works ORDERICUS VITALIS born in England at Attingesham on the River Severn A. D. 1075. Ordericus Vitalis Monk of St. Evrou was sent at the Age of eleven Years to Normandy and plac'd in the Abby of St. Evrou where he assim'd the Habit of a Monk and compleated his Studies He likewise enter'd into Holy Orders and spent his whole Life in that Monastery leaving XIII Books of Ecclesiastical History from the Nativity of Jesus Christ to the Year 1142. which were publish'd by M. du Chesne in the Volume of the Historiographers of Normandy ANSELM Abbot of Gemblours in Brabant continu'd Sigebert's Chronicle from the Year 1112. to Anselm Abbot of Gemblours Otho Bishop of Frisinghen 1137. This Continuation with two others the first of which is extended to the Year 1149. and the second to 1225. was set forth by Albertus Miraeus and printed at Antwerp A. D. 1608. The Birth of OTHO Bishop of Frisinghen is no less illustrious than the Reputation he acquir'd by writing his History For he was the Son of Leopold Marquess of Austria and of Agnes the Daughter of the Emperor Henry IV. That Princess was twice marry'd viz. at first to Frederick Duke of Suevia or Schwaben to whom she brought forth two Sons namely Conrad the Emperor and Frederick Duke of Suevia But by her second Marriage with Leopold she had Leopold Duke of Bavaria Henry Duke of Austria Gertrude Dutchess of Bohemia Bertha Dutchess of Poland Ita Marchioness 〈◊〉 Montferrat Otho and Conrad These two last being design'd by their Father for the Ecclesiastical Functions Otho obtain'd the Government of a College which his Father had founded at Neuâ—…g and where he order'd himself to be bury'd But Otho soon resign'd his Office to Opoldus and being incited with an ardent desire of becoming Master of the Liberal Sciences went to Paris where he compleated his Studies Some Years after he turned Cistercian Monk in the Abbey of Morimond with Fifteen of his Companions In 1138. the Emperor Conrad his Brother conferr'd 〈◊〉 him the Bishoprick of Frisinghen in Bavaria and honour'd him with the Dignities of Chancellor and Secretary of State He accompanied that Prince in his Expedition to the Holy Land A. D. 1147. and at last in 1156. leaving his Bishoprick retir'd to the Abbey of Morimond where he died in the Month of September in the same Year This Prelate compos'd a Chronological History from the Creation of the World to his time divided into Seven Books and annex'd an Eighth concerning the Persecution to be raised by Anti-christ and the Resurrection of the Dead He wrote a very fine Style with respect to the Age in which he liv'd and much more politely than the other Historians of those Times He was well versed in Scholastical Divinity as also in Aristotle's Philosophy and was one of the first who as Radâ—ic has observ'd introduced that Science into Germany Upon which Account 't is not to be admir'd that he has been very favourable to Gillebert de la Porréc in the Dissertation prefix'd before his History It was first published by John Cuspinian and printed at Strasbourg A. D. 1515. afterwards at Basil in 1569. and among the German Historiographers at Francfurâ— in 1585. and 1670. Otho in like manner wrote two Books containing the History of the Actions of Frederick Barbeâ—ossa which are subjoyn'd at the end of his Chronicle Moreover Wolfgangus Lazius says that he saw an History of Austria compos'd by the same Otho but there has been no talk of it since neither has it as yet appear'd any where in Print GODFREY OF VITERBO so call'd from the Name of his Native Country who was a Godfrey of Viterbo Priest Almoner and Secretary of State to the Emperors Conrad III. Frederick I. and Henry VI. wrote an Universal Chronicle dedicated to Pope Urban III. and call'd Pantheon by reason of the great Variety of Occurrences contain'd therein It ends at the Year 1186. and is inserted among the Works of the German Historians collected by Pistorius and printed at Francfurt in 1584. It is reported that this Writer spent Forty Years in travelling that he made a prodigious Collection of all sorts of Observations during his Voyages and that he understood the Hebrew Chaldaick Greek and Latin Tongues Lambecius makes mention of another Work by the same Author which is to be seen in Manuscript in the Emperor's Library bearing this Title The Mirror of Kings or Genealogies of all the Kings and Emperors from the universal Floud to the time of Henry VI. ROBERT OF TORIGNY a Monk afterwards Prior of Bec Abbey and at last Abbot of St. Michael's Robert of Torigny Abbot of Mount St. Michael Mount compos'd a Supplement of Sigebert's Chronicle and a Continuation to the Year 11â—4 as also
a Treatise of the Monasteries and Abbies of Normandy the History of that of St. Michael's Mount a Commentary on St. Paul's Epistles taken from St. Augustin and the History of the Reign of Henry II. King of England Father Luke Dachery has caused to be printed at the end of Guibert's Works the Supplement and Continuation of Sigibert's Chronicle and the Treatise of the Abbeys of Normandy with a Letter written by the said Robert and his Preface to the Commentary on St. Paul's Epistles OTHO OF S. BLAISIUS continu'd the Chronicle of Otho of Frisinghen to the Year 1190. Otho of St. Blaisiue John Brompton Abbot of Jorval JOHN BROMPTON an English Monk of the Cistercian Order and Abbot of Jorval in the Diocess of York is the reputed Author of a certain Chronicle from the Year 588. to 1198. but the learned Mr. Selden assures us that it was not written by him that he only caus'd it to be transcrib'd and that he did not live in this Century Historians of England THE Kingdom of England has brought forth so many approved Authors who have â—mploy'd their Pens in writing the History of their Native Country that they well deserve to be referr'd to a particular Article HENRY OF HUNTINGTON the Son of a marry'd Priest named Nicolas and the Pupil of Albinus Andegavius Canon of Lincoln was made Canon of the same Church and afterwards Henry Arch-deacon of Huntington Arch-deacon of Huntington by Alexander Bishop of Lincoln whom he accompanied in his Journey to Rome He wrote the History of the English Monarchy from its first Foundation till the Death of King Stephen which happen'd in 1154. It is dedicated to the said Bishop Alexander and divided into Eight or Ten Books being contain'd among the Works of the English Writers in Sir Henry Savil's Collection printed at London A. D. 1596. and at Francfurt in 1601. Father Luke Dachery has likewise published in the Eighth Tome of his Spicilegium a small Tract of this Author concerning the Contempt of the World dedicated to Gauterius He there shews how the Things of this sublunary World ought to be contemned relating many Examples of Misfortunes that happen'd to the Great Personages of his Age and the miserable Death of divers profligate Wretches He declares in the Preface to this Tract that he had before made a Dedication to the same Person of a Collection of Epigrams and of a Poem about Love There are also in the Libraries of Oxford and Cambridge several other Manuscript Works of this Author particularly a Letter concerning the British Kings dedicated to Warinus a Treatise of the Counties of Great Britain another of the Image of the World and a Third of the English Saints WILLIAM LITTLE known by the Name of Guâ—iâ—lmus Neubrigensis was born at Bridlington near York A. D. 1136. and educated in the Convent of the Regular Canons of Neutbridge where Gulielmus Neubrigensis he embraced the Monastick Life He compos'd a large History of England divided into Five Books from the Year 1066. to 1197. This History is written with much Fidelity and in a smooth and intelligible Style It was printed at Antwerp A. D. 1567. ar Heidelberg in 1587. and lastly at Paris with John Picard's Notes in 1610. It is believ'd that he died A. D. 1208. WALTER born in the Principality of Wales Arch-deacon and even as some say Bishop of Oxford translated out of English into Latin the History of England composed by Geffrey of Monmouth Walter Arch-deacon of Oxford John Pyke and continued to his time JOHN PYKE wrote an History of the English Saxon and Danish Kings of England and flourished with the former Historian under King Henry I. GERVASE a Monk of Canterbury compos'd several Treatises relating to the History of England which are contain'd in Mr. Selden's Collection of the English Historiographers particularly Gervase Monk of Canterbury a Relation of the burning and repairing of the Cathedral Church of Canterbury an Account of the Contests between the Monks of Canterbury and Baldwin their Archbishop a Chronicle from the Year 1122. to 1199. and the Lives of the Archbishops of Canterbury GEFFREY ARTHUR Arch-deacon of St. Asaph was chosen Bishop of that Diocess A. D. 1151. He left his Bishoprick by reason of certain Commotions which happen'd in Wales and retir'd Geffrey Arthur Bishop of St. Asaph to the Court of Henry II. King of England who gave him the Abbey of Abbington in Commendam Afterwards in a Council held at London A. D. 1175. the Clergy of St. Asaph caus'd a Proposal to be made to Geffrey by the Archbishop of Canterbury either to return to his Bishoprick or to admit another Bishop to be substituted in his room He refus'd to return designing to keep his Abbey but both the Abbey and the Bishoprick were dispos'd of and he was left destitute of any Ecclesiastical Preferment He wrote or rather translated out of English into Latin an History of Great Britain from the beginning to his time which is full of Fables dedicated to Robert Duke of Glocester and divided into Twelve Books It was printed at Paris A. D. 1517. at Lyons by Potelier in 1587. and by Commelin in the same Year it is also inserted among the Works of the English Historians printed that Year at Heidelberg It is reported that he in like manner translated out of English into Latin the ancient Prophecies of Merlin which were printed at Francfurt with Alanus's Observations A. D. 1603. The History of the Church of Durham was written by several Authors the first of whom is Turgot Monk of Durham TURGOT a Monk of that Diocess who compos'd one from its first Foundation to the Year 1096. SIMEON OF DURHAM copied out Turgot's History almost word for word from the Year Simeon of Durham 635. to 1096. and continued it to 1154. He likewise wrote an History of the Kings of England and Denmark from the Year 731. to 1130. A Letter to Hugh Dean of York about the Archbishops of that City and a Relation of the Siege of Durham These Three last Pieces were published by Father Labbé in the first Tome of his Library of Manuscripts The Historians of the Church of Durham by Turgot and Simeon were printed at London with the Works of the other English Historiographers A. D. 1652. WILLIAM OF SOMERSET a Monk of Malmesbury is justly preferr'd before all the other William of Somerset Monk of Malmesbury English Historians His History of England divided into Five Books contains the most remarkable Transactions in this Kingdom since the arrival of the Saxons to the 28th Year of King Henry I. that is to say from the Year of our Lord 449. to 1127. He afterwards added Two Books continuing the History to A. D. 1143. and annexed to the whole Work Four Books containing the History of the Bishops of England from Augustin the Monk who first planted Christianity in these Parts to his time These Works were printed at London
of la Cava quitted that Dignity 3 Months after to become a Hermit Maginulphus who succeeded him under the Name of Sylvester IV. died a little after Henry IV. Emperor XLIV Philip I. K. of France in the 40th Year of his Reign William Rufus King of England and Robert his Brother Duke of Normandy William is kill'd in hunting and Henry the youngest of the Three Brothers succeeds him in the Kingdom of England Alexis Comnenus XX. Hugh Abbot of Flavigny who was expell'd by his Monks is restor'd to his Abbey by the Council of Valence A Council at Valence held in the Month of September A Council at Poitiers assembled on the Octave of St. Martin in which Philip I. King of France is excommunicated A Council at Etampes in which Philip Bishop of Troyes is cited A Council at Anse in which 't is debated concerning the Pilgrimage to the Holy Land St. Bruno Leo Cardinal Deacon Robert Monk of St. Remy Domnizon Ives of Chartres Marbodus Bishop of Rennes Bruno Bishop of Segni 1101 II. XLV The Death of Conrad Son of the Emperor Henry XXI Leo of Marsi Bishop of Sessa is made Cardinal Bishop of Ostia St. Bruno dies on the 6th of October and Lauduinus succeeds him in the Priory of La Grande Chartreuse  Leo of Marfâ— Cardinal Bishop of Ostia Geffrey Abbot of Vendome Hildebert Bishop of Mans. 1102 III. XLVI Lewes the Gross made King of France in his Father's life-time assumes the Administration of the Government The Emperor Henry obliges himself by a Vow to take a Journey to Jerusalem XXII The Pope abolishes the Bishoprick of Lavello and confirms the Rights of the Church of Melfi A Council at Rome in which the Emperor Henry IV. is Excommunicated A Council at London Baudry Bishop of Noyon Sigebert a Monk of Gemblours 1103 IV. XLVII Robert Duke of Normandy is depriv'd of his Dukedom and taken Prisoner by his Brother Henry who causes his Eyes to be put out He dies in Prison XXIII Gauterius is made Bishop of Maguelone in Languedoc   1104 V. XLVIII XXIV Godfrey Abbot of Nogent is chosen Bishop of Amiens in the Council of Troyes and Guibert succeeds him in that Abby The Privileges of the Church of St. Peter of Troyes and the Abbey of Molesme are confirm'd in the same Council A Council at Troyes held the 27th of March where Hubert Bishop of Senlis being accus'd of Simony clears himself by Oath A council at Beaugency July the 30th concerning the Divorce of King Philip from Bertrade Rainoldus of Semur Arch-bishop of Lyons Guibert Abbot of Nogent 1105 VI. XLIX Henry 5th having Revolted against his Father is Receiv'd and Proclaim'd King by the Saxons He feigns a Reconciliation with his Father whom he afterwards causes to be Imprison'd in the Castle of Bingen and thence to be convey'd to Ingelheim where he makes his escape and retires to Liege XXV Henry V. banishes Erlong Bishop of Wurtzburg and Substitutes Robert in his Place Henry IV. being again Excommunicated in the Council of Mentz is forced at Ingelheim to Abdicate the Empire and on his Knees to implore Absolution of Bishop Albanus the Pope's Legat who denies it him and refers him to the Pope His Son Henry is Proclaim'd and Crown'd King of Germany in the same Council Henry IV. being retir'd to Liege causes a Declaration there to be publish'd to which his Son returns an Answer Odo Abbot of St. Martin at Tournay is made Bishop of Cambray but afterwards Expell'd his Bishoprick for refusing to admit the Emperor's Investiture An Assembly at Northausen May the 29th A Council at Paris November the 2d where K Philip and Bertrade are Divorc'd after having solemnly sworn to live separately A Council at Mentz held in the end of the Year against the Emperor Henry IV. Philippus Solitarius a Greek Monk Composes his Dioptron or Rule of a Christian Life Odo Bishop of Cambray 1106 VII The Pope comes into France to implore the King's Protection against the Emperor I. Henry V. succeeds his Father Henry IV. who died at Liege August 7. XXVI The Inhabitants at Liege to obtain Pardon of the new Emperor are oblig'd to dig out the dead Body of Henry IV. which is transported to Spire and laid in a Stone Coffin without the Church The Decrees against the Investitures are renew'd in the Council of Guastalla The Pope takes away from the Metropolitan See of Ravenna the Suffragan Diocesses of Aemilia in the same Council as a punishment for their Defection Gillebert or Gilbert sir-nam'd Crispin is Install'd Abbot of Westminster in this Year Petrus Alphonsus a Spanish Jew is Converted to the Christian Religion Baptiz'd at Huesca and held at the Font by Alphonsus King of Spain A Council at Guastalla Octob. 19. under Paschal II. in which are regulated Matters relating to the Churches of Germany and Lombardy that were engag'd in the Schism Gilbert Crispin Abbot of Westminster Petrus Alphonsus a Converted Jew 1107 VIII II. The Death of Edgar K. of Scotland XXVII The Deputies of the Assembly of Mentz enter into Conference with the Pope at Châlons about the Affair of the Investitures but nothing is concluded therein The Emperor sends an Envoy to the Council of Troyes which allows him a Years space to be in a capacity to plead his own Cause in Person at Rome in a General Council An Assembly at Mentz held in the beginning of the Year about the Investitures A Conncil at Troyes in Champagne held by Pope Paschal on the Festival of the Ascension concerning the Investitures and against Simony Stephen Abbot of St. James at Liege The Death of Manasses Arch-bishop of Rheims 1108 IX III. The Death of Philip K. of Fr. on July 26. Lewes the Gross his Son Crown'd at Orleans 5 days after XXIX Rodulphus is chosen Abbot of St. Trudo after the Death of Thierry  Anselm Dean of Laon. William de Champeaux Stephen Harding Abbot of Chichester 1109 X IV. XXIX   The Death of St. Hugh Abbot of Cluny April 30th The Death of Rainoldus of Semur Archbishop of Lyons 1110 XI V. Henry V. comes into Italy He is crowned King of Lombardy at Milan by the Archbishop Chysolanus XXX The Heretick Henry who began to Dogmatize in Proâ—ence with Peter de Bruis and passed from thence to Lausanna arrives this Year at Mans where he divulges his Errors for some time and whence he is at last Expell'd by Bishop Hildebert Guigue de Castre succeeds John in the Priory of la Grande Chartreuse An Assembly at Ratisbon held in the beginning of the Year in which the Emperor declares that he is resolv'd to go to Rome there to receive the Imperial Crown and to accommodate the Difference between him and the Pope A Council in Ireland held by Gilbert Bishop of Limerick the Pope's Legate to regulate the Limits of the Bishopricks of that Kingdom Anscherus Abbot of St. Riquier writes this Year the Life and Miracles of St. Angilbert Theofredus Abbot
possession os Benevento and Capua that belong'd to the See of Rome XI Henry I. K. of England dies without Male Issue by reason that his Three Sons were drown'd A. 1120. Stephen Count of Boulogne the Son of Adelae his Sister seizes on the Kingdom of England and disputes Normandy with Mathilda or Maud the Daughter of that Prince and Wife of Geffrey Plantagenet Count of Anjou XVII St. Bernard returning from Italy to France is sent into Guyenne with the Legate of the Holy See where he obliges the Duke of that Province to own Pope Innocent II. and to re-establish the Bishops of Poitiers and Limoges whom he had expell'd Alexander Bishop of Liege is depos'd and Albero IV. of that Name Primate of the Church of Mets substituted in his place William Abbot of St. Thierry leaves his Abbey and becomes a Monk in that of Segni of the Cistercian Order  〈◊〉 St. Bernard composes this Year his Treatise of the Commendation of the new Militia Dedicated to Hugh Grand Master of the Knights Templars Odo Abbot of Remy at Rheims writes his Letter concerning a Miracle of St. Thomas the Apostle Rupert Abbot of Duyts dies March 3d. 1136 VII XII XVIII Helias Abbot of St. Sulpitius of Bourges is chosen Bishop of Orleans and Consecrated in the Month of April in the Year following Drogo or Dreux Abbot of St. John at Laon is sent for to Rome by Pope Innocent who Creates him Cardinal and Bishop of Ostia Odo Abbot of St. Remigius at Rheims gives the Revenues of the House of Mont-Dieu to the Carthusians  Geffrey the Gross Monk of Tiron Rodulphus Abbot St. Tron William Abbot of St. Thierry oâ— Theodoric Peter the Venerable Abbot of Cluny 1137 VIII XIII The Death of Lewes VI. sir-nam'd the Gross King of France August 1. Lewes the Young succeeds him XIX St. Bernard is recall'd to Italy by the Pope who afterwards sends him to Roger Duke of Sicily to oblige him to abandon the Anti-pope Anacletus's Party This Saint enters into Conference with Peter Cardinal of Pisa who was about to maintain the Anti-pope's Cause and persuades him to change his Opinion and Party  The Death of Guigue Prior of the La Grande Chartreuse 1138 IX The Death of the Anti-pope Anacletus The Schismaticks Substitute in his place Gregory Cardinal who takes the Name of Victor but this last soon abdicates the Pontificate and puts an end to the Schism XIV The Death of the Emperor Lotharius Decemb. 3. The King of France gives Normandy to Eustache the Son of Stephen King of England XX. William Bishop of Langres dying this Year a Contest arises for that Bishoprick Peter Arch-bishop of Lyons and Hugh Son of the Duke of Burgundy cause a Monk of Cluny to be chosen Bishop of that Diocess But the Chapter of Langres opposes this Election and appeals to the See of Rome However the Monk does not forbear to cause himself to be ordain'd by the Archbishop of Lyons and the Bishops of Autun and Mascon The Pope condemns this Ordination and requires 'em to proceed to a new Election conformably to the Advice of St. Bernard Godfrey Prior of Clairvaux and the Kinsman of this Saint is Elected Bishop of Langres the Year next ensuing Theobald Abbot of Bec is chosen Archbishop of Canterbury in the Council of London Otho the Son of Leopold Marquess of Austria is made Bishop of Frisinghen Ulric Bishop of Constance leaves his Bishoprick and returns to the Monastery of Saint Blaise Guerric is constituted Abbot of Igni this Year in the place of Humbert who had retir'd from thence Arnold of Bresâ—â—a divulges his Opinions in Italy A Council at London held Decemb. 13th in which 't is debated about means to conclude a Treaty of Peace between the Kings of France and England Gueric Abbot of Igni The Death of Drogo or Dreux Cardinal Bishop of Ostia 1139 X. Pope Innocent waging War with Roger Duke of Sicily who seiz'd upon the Dutchy of Apulia is taken Prisoner by that Prince and oblig'd by an Agreement to confirm the Donation that Honorius II. had made to him of the Kingdom of Scicily the Dutchy of Apulia and the Principality of Capua with the Title of King I. CONRAD Duke of Franconia is proclaim'd King of Germany Geffrey Count of Anjou recovers part of Normandy XXI Philip Bishop of Taranto a favourer of the Anti-pope Anacletus is depos'd upon that account in the General Council of Lateran William Abbot of St. Thierry sends to Geffrey Bishop of Chartres Legate of the Holy See and to St. Bernard 13 Propositions which he had taken out of the Theological Writings of Petrus Abaelardus Alberic Elected to the Bishoprick of Châlons in 1126 but not having been Ordain'd nor put in Possession of that Bishoprick is advanc'd to the Archbishoprick of Bourges St. Malachy Primate of Ireland takes a Journey to Rome Gillebert or Gilbert Legate of the See of Rome in Ireland resigns his Office into the Pope's Hands The Death of St. Otho the Apostle of Pomerania The Death of Rainoldus Archbishop of Rheims Jan. 13. Samson is chosen in his place The Death of Peter Archbishop of Lyons who has for his Successor Falco Dean of that Church The II. General Council at Lateran held in the Month of April against the Followers of the Anti-pope Anacletus and Arnold of Brescia who is expell'd Italy  1140 XI II. XXII St. Bernard sends to Italy some of his Monks to inhabit the Monastery of St. Anastasius newly re-built and Bernard afterward Pope under the Name of Eugenius III. is made Abbot of it Turstin Archbishop of York being dead this Metropolitan See is contended for between William the Nephew of King Stephen and Henry of Murdach Abbot of Fontaines William causes himself to be Consecrated by Henry Bishop of Winchester but the Pope denies him the Pall and grants it to Henry confirming his Election However the King did not acknowledge Henry till three Years after Geffrey de Loroux Arch-bishop of Bourdeaux incurs the displeasure of King Lewes the Young for having ordain'd Grimâ—ard Bishop of Poitiers Canonically Elected The Pope confirms the Sentence of the Council of Sens against Petrus Abaelardus Hereticks discover'd in the Diocess of Colen this Year The Church of Rheims having remain'd near two Years destitute of an Archbishop and St. Bernard having refus'd to accept of this Dignity Samson Provost of the Church of Chartres is ordain'd Archbishop of that Diocess in the end of the Year A Council at Sens begun on the Octave of the Feast of Pentecost in which St. Bernard confutes the Errors of Petrus Abaelardus who appleas to the See of Rome but afterwards desists from that Appeal by the Advice of Peter the Venerable Abbot of Cluny into whose Monastery he had retir'd St. Bernard writes his Sermons 65 and 66 against the Hereticks of Colen He likewise writes to the Canons of Lyons his faâ—â—us Letter concerning the Festival of the Conception of the Virgin
make his escape is seiz'd and convey'd laden with Fetters to Thoulouse and deliver'd into the Bishop's Custody The Abbey of Baume is chang'd into a Priory by the Pope by reason of the contempt that the Monks of that Abbey had shewn of the Authority of the See of Rome nevertheless this Title is restor'd some time after A Council at Etampes held on Septuagesima-Sunday concerning the Expedition of the Holy Land and the Regency of the Kingdom of France which is given to Suger Abbot of St. Denis A Council at Auxerre held in the beginning of the Year A Council at Paris held on the Festival of Easter The Death of Waselinus Momalius Prior of St. Laurence at Liege 1148 IV. The Pope after having held several Councils in France returns to Italy X. VI. Lucas Chrysobergius according to some Writers is advanc'd this Year to the Patriarchate of Constantinople but as others will have it not till An. 1155. Eon de l'Etoile a Visionary Heretick is brought before Pope Eugenius in the Council at Rheims who condemns him to close Confinement so that he dies in Prison a little while after Gillebert de la Porrée being convicted by St. Bernard in that Council retracts his Errors The Pope performs the Ceremony of the Dedication of the Church of Toul He writes to St. Hildegarda Abbess of Mount St. Robert commending her Spirit of Prophecy St. Malachy who undertook a second Journey to Rome in order to obtain the Pall of the Pope dies by the way at Clairvaux November the 2d A Council at Rheims held in the Month of March against Gillebert de la Porrée Bishop of Poitiers A Council at Triers held in the presence of Pope Eugenius which approves the writings of St. Hildegarda  1149 V. XI The King of France returning from the Holy Land invests Henry the Son of Mathilda Countess of Anjou with the Dutchy of Nomandy VII Henry the Brother of the King of France and Monk of Clairvaux is made Bishop of Beauvais Gilbert Foliot Abbot of Leicester in England is ordain'd Bishop of Hereford  St. Bernard writes his first Book Of Consideration The Death of Amedeus Bishop of Lausanna 1150 VI. Eugenius after his return to Italy having sustain'd many shocks at last makes himself Mafter of St. Peter's Church XII Lewes the Young King of France divorces his Wife Eleonor the Daughter of William Duke of Guienne whom he had marry'd in 1137. VIII Hugh Abbot of Trois-Fontaines in Champagne is created Cardinal Bishop of Ostia Henry and Roland Monks of Clairvaux are likewise made Cardinals at the same Promotion Philip Arch-Deacon of Paris the Son of King Lewes the Gross is chosen Bishop of that City but he resigns this Bishoprick to Peter Lombard sir-nam'd Master of the Sentences Godeschalcus Abbot of St. Martin succeeds Alvisius in the Bishoprick of Arras Philip who had been depos'd from the Bishoprick of Taranto A. 1139. and who had afterward retir'd to Clairvaux there to take the habit of a Monk is made Prior of the same Monastery by St. Bernard John a Monk of the Isle of Oxia is advanc'd to the Patriarchate of tioch this Year Peter de Celles is made Abbot of Celles in the same Year  St. Bernard writes his second Book Of Consideration and sends it to Pope Eugenius Arsenius a Monk of Mount Athos makes his Collection of the Canons Otho Bishop of Frisinghen Serlo Abbot of Savigny Lucius Abbot of St. Cornelius Bartholomew de Foigny Bishop of Laon. Peter Lombard Bishop of Paris Falco Henry Arch-Deacon of Huntington Hugh Cardinal Bishop of Ostia Constantinus Manasses Constantinus Harmenopulus Robert Pullus Cardinal dies this Year The Death of William Abbot of St. Thierry in the same Year 1151 VII XIII IX The Pope confirms the Rights and Privileges of the Church of Colen Jourdain des Ursins Cardinal is sent Legate into Germany St. Bernard wrote his 190th Letter against this Prelate Geffrey Arthur Arch-Deacon of St. Asaph is ordain'd Bishop of the the same Church Bartholomew Bishop of Laon after having govern'd his Church 38 Years retires to the Abbey of Foigny and there turns Monk Gauterius Abbot of St. Martin at Laon succeeds him in that Bishoprick but he leaves it three Years after and becomes a Monk at Premontré Turoldus is chosen Abbot of Trois-Fontaines in the room of Hugh made Cardinal in the preceding Year The Death of Hugh who of Abbot of Pontigny had been ordain'd Bishop of Auxerre Whereupon many Contests arise about the Succession to that Bishoprick A Council at Beaugency held on the Festival of Easter which approves the Divorce between the King of France and his Wife Eleonor by reason of their being too near of kin Gratian compleats his Collection of Canons John Patriarch of Antioch Germanus Patriarch of Constantinople Andronicus Camaterius George Arch-bishop of Corfu Lucas Câ—rysobergius Patriarch of Constantinople Robert Arch-Deacon of Ostrevant Theobaldus a Monk of St. Peter at Beze Gauterius Canon of Terouane Herbert a Monk Haimo Arch-Deacon of Châlons Herman a converted Jew of Colen Nicetas Constantinopolitanus Teulfus a Monk of Morigny 1132 VIII The Death of Conrad FREDERICK I. succeeds him I. Stephen K. of England being deceas'd the Kingdom returns to Henry II. Duke of Normandy X. Odo Abbot of St. Cornelius at Compeigne is chosen Abbot of St. Denis in the place of Suger The Pope orders the Bishop of Saintes to permit a new Church to be built at Rochel He confâ—… the Primacy of â—â—â—â—do and enjoyns the Bishops of Spain to acknowledge it He likewise ratifies the Constitutions and Privileges of the Cistercian Order  The Death of Suger Abbot of St. Denis January 15. St. Bernard finishes his other Books Of Consideration John Monk of Marmoutier Alexander Abbot in Sicily Radulphus Niger Monk of St. Germer St. Elizabeth Abbess of Schonaw St. Aâ—â—â—ed Abbot of Reverby 1153 IX Eugenius dies July 8th at Tivoli ANASTASIUS IV. is chosen in his place two days after I. II. XI Pope Eugenius grants by a Bull to the Canons of St Peter at Rome the fourth part of all the Offerings that were made in that Church Alanus a Native of Burg de Reninghen near Ypres in Flanders and Abbot of Larivoir is ordain'd Bishop of Auxerre Henry Archbishop of York being dead this Year William his Competitor who had been Chosen and Consecrated Archbishop of that Church in 1140. but before whom Henry was preferr'd by Pope Innocent takes a Journey to Rome where he obtains of Pope Anastasius the confirmation of his Archiepiscopal Dignity and the Pall. However he does not long enjoy this Archbishoprick dying in the next Year The Cardinals Bernard and Gregory the Pope's Legates in Germany depose Hâ—â—â—y Archbishop of Mentz Robert Abbot of Dunes succeeds St. Bernard in the Abbey of Clairvaux  The Death of St. Bernard August 〈◊〉 1154 II. Anastasius dies Decemb. 4th having for his Successor ADRIAN IV. Reign of Henry II. his Successor according to the truest Opinion III. The
Grace Salvation and Justice Of Damnation Of Free-will Of the Chief Good Of Providence Of the Miracles of JESUS CHRIST Of the State of the Dead Upon the Gospel In Principio and several other Philosophical Tracts which were preserved in MS. in the Monastery of Admónt He adds That there is at Vienna a Tract in MS. of the same Author Of the Instruction of a Christian Prince Jacobus Cajetanus Nephew of Pope Boniface the VIIIth who was made a Cardinal An. 1295. Jacobus Cajetanus wrote a Book concerning the Jubilee every 100th Year It was published by Roseus with Notes and printed in the 13th Tome of the Bibliotheca Patrum of the Colen Edition Stephanus de Salagnac a Monk of the Order of the Preaching-Friars of the Convent of Limoges Stephanuâ— de Salagnac wrote as is credible at the end of the former Age or beginning of this A Treatise in Honour of his own Order alledging Four Things wherein God had made them principally Eminent viz. 1. For a Good and Learned Head 2. For an Illustrious and Noble Family 3. For an Honourable Name And 4. For a particular Profession Andreas Novo-Castrensis or Andrew of Newcastle an Englishman and Dominican-Friar Doctor Andreas Novo-castrensis of Divinity flourished in the beginning of this Age. He hath composed a Comment upon the First Book of the Sentences printed at Paris 1514. Bale Cent. 10. p. 44. attributes to him a Commentary upon Boethius's Book De Consolatione Philosophiae or The Comfort of Philosophy Rainerius Pisanus or de Pisâ a Divine and Lawyer of the same Order Composed a Book Rainerius Pisanus which is intituled Pantheologia or a Theological Dictionary in which all Heads of Divinity are disposed and treated on in an Alphabetical Order Jacobus Florentinus a Minorite or Grey-Friar hath added several things to this Work and caused it to be printed at Noremburg in 1473. He also printed it in the same manner at Venice in 1486. at Lions in 1519. at Bresse in 1580. and since it hath been printed at Paris with the Additions of Father Nicholas a White-Friar William de Nangis or de Nangiaco a Monk of S. Denys at Paris hath Composed a Chronicle William de Nangis from the beginning of the World to the Year 1301. But because the greatest Part of that Work was Copied from other Authors Father Luke Dacherius in the 11th Tome of his Spicilegium hath printed it no further than to the Year 1113. where he begins his Continuations which he hath made out of Sigebert of Gemblours as far as the Year 1301. adding something more out of two other Authors the one as far as 1340. and the other to 1348. This Author hath also written a Chronicle of the Kings of France the Lives of S. Lewis and Philip the Hardy which are also found in the Collections of the French Historians put out by Pithaeus and Du-Chesne Thomas Wicke a Canon Regular of S. Augustine of the Abby of Osney in England who flourished Thomas Wicke in the Reign of Edward I. hath a Chronicle of the History of England from the coming of William the Conqueror in 1066. to the Death of Edward I. in 1304. This Work is found in the last Collection of the English Historians printed at Oxford in 1687. He also wrote a Tract of the Abbots of Osney from the Foundation of that Abby which was in 1129. to the Year 1290. Henry Stero a German and a â—enedictin Monk of the Abby of Altaich Composed certain Henry Stero Annals from the first Year of the Emperor Frederick Barberossa which was in the Year of Christ 1152. to the Election of the Emperor Rodolphus in the Year 1273. and the History of the Emperors Rodolphus of Habspurg Adolphus of Nassan and Albert of Austria from the Year 1273. to the Year 1305. which was carried on by two German Monks These Works are found among the German Writers put out by Friherus and the more large Annals in the First Tome of Canisius's Antiquities Eberardus a Monk of the same Monastery and Archdeacon of Ratisbone hath continued Eberardus a Monk these Annals of Stero as far as 1305. taking almost all he has writ out of the same Author This Work is in the first Tome of Canisius's Collection Joannes de Joinville Governor of Champaigne is the Author of the Life of S. Lewis whom he Joannes de Joinville accompanied in his Expedition to the Holy Land It hath been printed several times in French but the best Edition is that put out by the Learned Mr. Du-Cange printed by Cramoisy An. 1668. Joinville lived till about 1310. Siffridus a Priest of Misnia in Saxony is a different Person from him though of the same Siffridus a Priest of Misnia Name who was of the Order of the Friars-Preachers and who flourished at the end of the Fifteenth Age. This of whom we are now speaking lived in the beginning of the Fourteenth Age. He Composed a Chronicle from the beginning of the World to the Year 1307. But Georgius Fabricius who first published it at the end of his History of Saxony Printed at Leipsick 1569. and at Jena 1598. hath pared off all the Years which preceded 457. It is found in the same manner printed among the German Historians put out by Pistorius Haito or Aito a Prince of the Family of the Kings of Armenia after he had made War with the Infidels entred the Order of the Praemonstratenses about the Year 1290. and professed in a Haito a Praemonstratensis Monastery of that Order in the Isle of Cyprus as he himself tells us in his History of his Voyage into the Holy Land which he wrote in French in the Year 1307. and was translated into Latin by Nicholas Fulke and printed at Haguenau 1529. at Basil among the Historians of the New World in 1532 and 1555. and at Helmstadt 1585. in the Second Part of the Authors of the History of Jerusalem printed by Reineccius and in Italian at Venice 1553. John the Monk Sirnamed Descranches a Native of Cressy near Abbeville a Learned Canonist John the Monk a Cardinal was raised to the Dignity of a Cardinal-Priest of the Title of S. Marcellinus and S. Peter in the Year 1294. He Founded a College of his own Name at Paris in the Year 1302. He was appointed Legate by Pope Boniface in the Contest he had with Philip the Fair. He died at Avignon the 22d of August 1313. He is the Author of the Apparatus or Commentary upon the 6th Book of the Decretals printed at Paris 1535. and at Venice 1586. with the Additions of Probus William Paris of the Order of Friars-Preachers who was constituted Inquisitor in France by William of Paris a Dominican Clement V. and who drew up the Process against the Templars is the Author of the Dialogues upon the Seven Sacraments printed at Lipsick in 1512. at Lions in 1567. under the Name of William Bishop of Paris and a
The Council of Roan in 1445. Russel Archbishop of that City and the Bishops his Suffragans which contain many good Regulations about the Discipline of the Church There is one against the Superstition of those who give particular Names to the Images of the Virgin as Our Lady of Recovery of Pity of Consolation of Grace c. because this gives occasion to believe that there is more Vertue in one Image than another CHAP. VII An History of the Wicklefites and Hussites of John Wicklef John Huss and Jerom of Prague of their Errors and their Condemnation JOHN Wicklef an English Doctor and Professor of Divinity in the University of Oxford and Rector of Lutterworth in the Diocese of Lincoln flourish'd with good Reputation in An History of Wicklef that University until the Dissensions happen'd at Oxford between the Monks and the Seculars by which he was oppress'd and engag'd to declare against the Interest of the Pope and the Church He had been chosen by the Seculars Head of a College founded at Oxford for the Scholars of Canterbury but the Monks being newly admitted into that College had a mind to prefer a Regular to that Place whereupon Wicklef and his Regulars drove them out of the College These being expell'd had recourse to Simon Langham Cardinal and Archbishop of Canterbury who took them into his Protection and order'd Wicklef to resign up that Place to a Monk nam'd Henry Wodehull but Wicklef refus'd to obey whereupon the Archbishop sequestred the Revenues of the College The Affair was carried to Pope Urban V. by Wicklef and his Associates and he appointed a Cardinal to hear the Cause who decided it in favour of the Monks and order'd that Wicklef and his Associates should leave the College after they had made Satisfaction to the Monks The Pope confirm'd this Sentence by his Bull published in 1370. Thus Wicklef was obliged to resign but this Disgrace disgusted him against the Court of Rome and put him upon seeking out some way of Revenge The Belief of the Authority of the Pope and the Church in Temporals was then sufficiently established in England and the Jurisdiction of Bishops there was of a very large Extent Wicklef set himself to oppose both the one and the other in which Contest he found many Complices and Protectors because the Doctrin which he espous'd was favourable to the King whose Power was weakned and diminished by that of the Pope and the Bishops to the great Lords who were in Possession of the Revenues of the Church and had a mind to shake off the Yoke of Ecclesiastical Censures and to the People to whom the Tax of Peter-pence and the oâ—â—er Impositions of the Church of Rome were burdensome The Books of Marsilius of Padua and John of Jande and some other Authors who had written of Ecclesiastical and Temporal Power according to the Interest of Princes against the Pretensions of Popes furnish'd him with Matter enough upon this Subject and he did not only blindly follow the Extravagances into which these Authors had fall'n but carried the matter higher and â—et himself to teach and preach publickly against the Jurisdiction of the Pope and the Bishops When this Doctrin begun to spread and make a Noise Simon Sudbury Archbishop of Canterbury assembled in the Month of February 1377. a Council at London to which he caus'd Wicklef to be cited to give there an account of his Doctrin Wicklef came thither accompanied with the Duke of Lancaster who had then the principal Share in the Government of the Kingdom Edward III. drawing near his end and being weak in Body and Mind and with many other Lords and there he defended himself and was dismiss'd without any Condemnation But Pope Gregory XI being advertis'd of the Doctrin which was spread by Wicklef in England and of the Protection he met with to save him from Condemnation wrote to the Bishops of England to cause him to be apprehended or if they could not compass that to cite him to Rome and at the same time sent them 19 Propositions advanc'd by Wicklef which he condemns as Heretical and Etroneous The Doctrin contain'd in these Propositions may be referr'd to 4 Heads The 1st is That God hath not given his Church Temporal Revenues to possess them always and that Temporal Princes may take from it the Possession of them for just Reasons the 2d That the Church cannot make use of Excommunication and other Censures to exact temporal Revenues and that Excommunication has no effect at all but only in so far as it is agreeable to the Law of God the 3d That every Priest lawfully ordain'd has sufficient Power to administer the Sacraments and consequently to absolve all contrite Persons from any Sin whatsoever the 4th That all sorts of Ecclesiasticks even the Pope of Rome himself may be reprov'd and accus'd by their Inferiours tho' they be Lay-men These Letters of Gregory being brought into England and delivered to the Prelats of the Kingdom after the Death of King Edward they held a Council at Lambeth about the end of this Year where Wicklef appear'd and now a 2d time avoided Condemnation by the Protection of the Lords and the People who declar'd so stoutly for him that the Bishops durst not do any thing but command him to be silent after he had explain'd the Propositions in a Sense wherein they may be maintain'd The Minority of Richard II. who succeeded his Father Edward at Twelve years of Age gave occasion to great Insurrections of the common People against the Nobility to the great Disturbance of the Kingdom The Seditious shook off the Yoke of the Lords and the Magistrates refus'd to pay them their customary Dues robb'd them of their Estates massacred the Archbishop of Canterbury made themselves Masters of London kill'd the King's principal Officers and committed an infinite number of Outrages throughout the whole Kingdom Wicklef had no hand in these Seditions altho' his Doctrin may have given occasion to them but he continued still to spread his new Doctrins and added to them some new Errors more dangerous than the former and drew after him a great number of Disciples who taught the same Doctrin William Courtnay Archbishop of Canterbury having a mind to put a stop to this Disorder call'd together at London in May 1382. a Council consisting of 8 Bishops and many Doctors and Batchelors Councils at London against Wicklef of Divinity and Law wherein he condemned 24 Propositions of Wicklef or his Disciples viz. 10 as Heretical and 14 as Erroneous and contrary to the Definition of the Church The 10 first are as follow 1st That the Substance of Material Bread and Wine remains in the Sacrament after Consecration 2dly That the Accidents do not remain without a Subject in this Sacrament 3dly That Jesus Christ is not there indentically truly and really according to his proper Corporal Presence 4. That a Priest who lives in Mortal Sin does not at all ordain
Susat John Gritsch Flourish'd 1433 III. XXIII John â—ing of â—…gal dâ—es on the 12th of August and his Son Edward succeeds him XI 1433. The Deputies from the Bohemians arrive at the Council of Basil and make a long Discourse there  Giles Charlier John of Ragâ—sa Henry Kalteisen and John Polemar Dispute against the Bohemians in the Council of Basil. This Council sends into England Gerard â—…us who made a Discourse before the King in an Assembly of the Sâ—atâ—s of the Kingdom Jordan 〈◊〉 wâ—oâ—e in Deseâ—â—e of the Elâ—ction of Eugenius IV. Albert of Sarciaâ—… compos'd his Treatise of Tenance The Biâ—â—â— of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the 19th 1434 IV. Louis Duke of Anjou dies Joan gives the Kingdom of Naples to Renatus of Anjou his Brother Alphonsus lays claim to it but is Vanquish'd by Philio Duke of Milan who sets him at liberty XXIV XII 1434. The Negotiation of the Council of Basil and the Pope with the Greeks to bring them into the West On the 5th of February the Pope revokes the Dissolution of the Council of Basil confirms its Decrees Paul of Burgos finish'd his Work entituled The Scrutiny of the Bible and died the next Year John Patriarch of Antioch wrote his Treatise of the Superiority of the Council above the Pope William Lindwood is made Bishop of St. David's John of Ragusa is sent into the East to invite the Greeks to come to the Council of Basil. 1435 V. XXV XIII 1435. The Council of Basil Condemns three Treatises of Augustine of Rome and many Propositions whereof some had been already Condemn'd in the Council of Constance  Laurence Justinian is made Bishop of Venice John Noblet Eymeric du Champ. Nicolas Lackman Peter of Colle Herman a Monk of the Cistercians John Gauwer Gerard of Stredam Flourish'd 1436 VI. XXVI XIV 1436. A Treaty of Accommodation with the Bokemians  John of Imola died February the 18th 1437 VII XXVII The Death of the Emperor Sigismund on the 9th of December XV. 1437. The Greek Emperor takes up a Resolution to come into the West with the Greek Bishops and to Treat with the Pope rather than with the Council of Basil. A Decree of the Council of Basil about Communion in both kinds Differences about the Translation of the Council of Basil. The Council proceeds against the Pope  1438 VIII The Suspension of Pope Eugenius by the Council of Basil on January the 25th Albert of Austria is choson Emperor in the Assembly of the Electors and Princes of the Empire held at Frankfurt the 20th of March. I. Edw. King of Portugal dies the 9th of December His Son Alphonsus succeeds him under the Tutelage of Qu. Eleonora his Mother and afterwards under that of Peter Duke of Conimbre XVI 1438. The Greeks arrive at Venice February the 8th and come to Ferrara March the 7th They enter upon a Conference with the Latines The Edict of the French King on the 23d of January which forbids the Prelats of his Kingdom to go to Ferrara The Pope translates the Council from Basil to Ferrara bâ— his Bull dated January the 1st and opens it on the 8th of February The Council of Basil is continued a new Convocation of the Council at Ferrara Conferences between the Greeks and Latines at Ferrara until the end of the Year The Assembly of Frankfurt held in the Month of May wherein a Neutrality is resolv'd upon as to the Difference between the Council of Basil and the Pope An Assembly at Banzoes on the 7th of July wherein the Pragmatick Sanction is publish'd Two Assemblies held at Nuremberg in the Month of July and towards the end of the Year about the Transactions at Basil. St. Katherine of Bologne wrote the Revelations The Death of John Nider 1439 IX The Deposition of Eugenius on the 26th of May. Felix V. is chosen October the 30th by the Electors appointed by the Council of Basil. II. The Death of the Emperor Albert of Austria on the 27th of October XVII 1439. After many Disputes the Union is concluded between the Greeks and Latines on the 5th of July The Greeks return and arrive at Constantinople on the 1st of February in the following Year The Union of the Armenians with the Latines on the 29th of November A Decree of the Council of Basil on the 17th of September which Ordains That the Feast of the Conception of the Virgin shall be Celebrated on the 8th of December The Translation of the Council from Ferrara to Florence and the Continuation of the Conferences between the Greeks and Latines A Decree of Union between them concluded on the 5th of July An Assembly at Mayence in the Month of March which approves the Decrees of the Council of Basil except what it attempted against Eugenius John of Turrecremata is made Cardinal John Gerson dies July the 2d Ambrose the Camaldulian on the 21st of October and John of Rode on Decemb. 1st Nicolas Tudeschus called Panormitanus George of Trebizonde Mark Eugenicus Arch-bishop of Ephesus John Eugenicus George Gemistius Plethon Amirutzes George Scholarius a Greek Monk Silvester Scuropulus Andrew Archbish. of Rhodes Isidore Archbish. of Kiovia Hourish'd 1440 X. Pope Felix comes to the Council of Basil on the 5th of June and is Consecrated and Crown'd Frederick of Austria the Third of that Name is chosen Emperor in the room of Albert on the 2d of February XVIII 1440. The Clergy of Constantinople and the greatest part of the Greek Bishops declare against the Unionâ— the Emperor maintains it and causes Metrophanes to be chosen Patriarch of Constantinople The Union of the Jacobites and Ethiopians with the Latines An Assembly at Bourges on the 2d of Septemb. which owns Eugenius and the Council of Basil John Argyropuius Manuel or Michael Aposiolius George Scholarius the Patriarch of Constantinople Bartholomew a Carthusian Flourish'd Henry Kalteisen was made Master of the Sacred Palace and Inquisitor General in Germany Nicholas Clemangis died about this Year 1441 XI II. XIX 1441. Divers Negotiations among Christian Princes on be half of Eugenius and the Council of Basil. A Decree published by this Council for the Celebration of the Festival of the Visitation of the Virgin which was instituted by Boniface IX An Assembly at Mayence held in the Month of April for the calling of a new General Council Thomas of Kempis wrote a Copy of the Book about the Imitation of Christ. Joseph Bish. of Metona Gregory Mamas Hilarion a Gr. Monk John of Anagnia Francis de la Place John Felton Anthony de Rosellis Nicolas Secundinus Leonard of Udine St. John Capistran Laurence Valla Flour 1442 XII Alphonsus King of Arragon retakes Naples III. XX. The Revolt of Demetrius against the â—mperor John Manuel Palaeolâ—gus 1442. A Retractation made by Friar Quadrigarin of two Propositions according to the Order of the Faculty of Paris Many Propositions against the Rights of Parish Priests and about the Prerogatives of St. Francis Condemn'd in the Council of Basil. A Translation of
ibid. Simeon Metaphrastes ibid. John Cameniates 4 Constantine Porphyrogenneta ibid. Hipppolytus Thebanus ibid. Eurychius Patriarch of Alexandria ibid. Nico of Armenia ibid. Nicephorus the Philosopher 5 Moses Bar-Cephas ibid. CHAP. II. An Account of the Church of Rome and other Italian Churches during the Tenth Century 5 The State of the Church of Rome in the Tenth Century ibid. The Ordination of Pope Formosus ibid. The Condemnation of Formosus by Stephen VI. 6 Romanus and Theodorus two Popes 7 Pope John IX ibid. The Wars between Berenger and Lambert ibid. The Council of Rome and Ravenna in favour of Formosus ibid. Benedict X. Pope ibid. Pope Christophilus 7 Pope Sergius condemns Formosus ibid. Pope Anastasius ibid. The Death of Lambert 7 Landon an unworthy Pope ibid. Pope John X. ibid. Pope Leo VI. ibid. Pope Stephen VII ibid. John XI A Monster of a Pope ibid. Alberic becomes Master of Rome 8 The Wars of Italy ibid. Manasses relinquishes his Archbishoprick of Arles to go into Italy ibid. Pope Leo VII ibid. Pope Stephen VIII ibid. Pope Marinus II. 9 Pope Agapetus II. ibid. The Wars between Hugh and Berenger ibid. Pope John XII 10 The Wars of Berenger and Otho ibid. Otho crown'd Emperor by John XII ibid. The Disloyalty of Pope John XII ibid. Otho returns to Rome and causes John XII to be depos'd 11 The Council at Rome against John XII ibid. The Ordination of Pope Leo VIII 12 The Tragical Death of Pope John XII 13 Benedict the Antipope ibid. Benedict is depos'd and Leo the VIII re-establshed ibid. Pope John XIII ibid. The Council of Ravenna in the year 967. ibid. Pope Donus and Pope Benedict VI. ibid. Boniface the Usurper ouâ—ed by Benedict ibid. The Wars and Death of Otho II. ibid. Otho III crown'd Emperor ibid. Pope John XIV ibid. Boniface returns to Rome ibid. Pope John XV. 15 Pope Gregory V. ibid. John the Antipope ibid. Gerbert nam'd Pope Sylvester II. ibid. The Letters of John IX ibid. Herveus Archbishop of Rheims ' s Memorial concerning Repentance ibid. The Letters of Benedict IV. 16 The Letter of Hatto Archbishop of Mentz to John IX ibid. The Letters of the Bishops of Bavaria to John IX ibid. The Council of Rome under John IX 17 The Council of Ravenna under John IX 18 The Letters of Pope John X. ibid. The Letters of Charles the Simple about Hilduin ibid. The Letters of Pope Leo VII 19 A Letter of Pope Agapetus ibid. The Letters of John XII 20 The Letters of John XIII ibid. The Letters of Benedict VII ibid. The Letters of John XV. ibid. The Letters of Gregory V. ibid. Ratherius Bishop of Verona ibid. Atto Bishop of Verceil 26 Luitprand Bishop of Cremona 28 CHAP. III. An Account of the Churches of France 29 The Dignity of the Church of Rheims ibid. The State of France after the Death of Charles the Gross 30 The Reign of Charles the Simple ibid. The Reign of Radulphus ibid. The Reign of Lewis d'Outremer ibid. The Reign of Lotharius ibid. Lewis the Fainthearted the last King of the Corolignian Race ibid. Hugh Capet and Robert Kings of France ibid. Fulcus Archbishop of Rheims 31 A Letter of Pope Stephen V. to Fulcus ibid. Other Letters of Stephen V. to Fulcus ibid. Other Writings of Stephen V. in favour of the Church of Rheims 32 The Letters of Fulcus to Formosus ibid. The Letters of Formosus to Fulcus ibid. The Letters of Fulcus to Pope Stephen VI. 33 The Letters of Fulcus to the Kings and Princes ibid. The Letters of Fulcus to the Bishops 34 The Letters of Fulcus to the Abbots 35 Herveus Archbishop of Rheims ibid. The Council of Trosly in the year 909. ibid. The Council of Trosly in the year 921. 36 Seulfus Archbishop of Rheims ibid. Hugh elected Archbishop of Rheims ibid. The Wars between Hebert Count of Vermandois and King Radulphus ibid. The State of France under King Radulphus ibid. Artaldus Archbishop of Rheims ibid. The Council held at Soissons for the Deposing Artaldus and Ordaining Hugh 37 The Council of Verdun in favour of Artaldus ibid. The Council of Mouzon against Hugh ibid. The Council of Ingelheim in favour of Artaldus 38 The Council of Mouzon in the year 948. ibid. The Council of Treves or Trier in the same year 39 The Death of Artaldus Archbishop of Rheims ibid. Odalric and Adalberon Archbishops of Rheims ibid. Arnulphus Archbishop of Rheims ibid. The Council of Rheims against Arnulphus 40 Gerbert Archbishop of Rheims 43 The Council of Mouzon in the year 995. ibid. The Synod of Rheims against Gerbert 44 The Re-establishment of Arnulphus in the Bishoprick of Rheims ibid. The Writings of Gerbert ibid. Flodoard Prebendary of Rheims 45 Aurelian Clerk of the Church of Rheims 46 Bernerus Monk of S. Remy at Rheims ibid. Gautier Archbishop of Sens 47 Of the other Bishops of France ibid. The Resolutions of the Bishops of France concerning the Dedication of a Church ibid. The Council of Charroux in the year 989. 48 The Council of Poitiers in the year 999. ibid. The Council of Ravenna in the year 997. ibid. The Marriage of King Robert with Bertha ibid. The Council of Rome in the year 998. under Gregory V. ibid. The Founding of the Abbey of Cluny 49 Otho Abbot of Cluny 50 John Monk of Cluny ibid. Odilo Abbot of Cluny ibid. Abbo Abbot of Fleury 51 The Council of S. Dennis in the year 995. ibid. Aimoin Monk of Fleury 52 Stephen Abbot of Lobes ibid. Fulcuin Abbot of Lobes 53 Heriger Abbot of Lobes ibid. Aldebold Bishop of Utrecht ibid. Albert Abbot of Gemblours 54 Odilo Monk of S. Medeard at Soissons ibid. Gerard Abbot of S. Medard of Soissons ibid. John Abbot of S. Arnulphus at Mets ibid. Helperic or Chilperic Monk of S Gall ibid. Berthier Priest of Verdun 55 Adso Abbot of Luxueil ibid. Adso Abbot of Deuvres ibid. Letaldus Monk of S. Memin ibid. CHAP. IV. The History of the Churches of Germany ibid. The Revolutions of the Empire of Germany in the Tenth Century ibid. S. Ulric Bishop of Augsburgh 56 Adalbero Bishop of Augsburgh 58 The two Adalberts who were Saints ibid. Bruno Archbishop of Cologn ibid. Roger Monk of S. Pantaleon ibid. Rathboldus Bishop of Utrecht 59 Hildebert Archbishop of Mentz ibid. William Archbishop of Mentz ibid. Bonno Abbot of Corbey in Saxony ibid. Waltramnus Bishop of Strasburgh ibid. Solomon Bishop of Constance 60 Utho Bishop of Strasburgh ibid. Notger the Stammerer ibid. Witichindus Monk of Corbey in Westphalia ibid. Roswida a Nun 61 Reginaldus Bishop of Eichstadt ibid. Thierry Archbishop of Triers ibid. Othlo Bishop of Mets ibid. Uffing or Uffo Monk of Werthin 62 A Council at Coblentz in the year â—22 ibid. A Council at Erfurdt in the year 932. ibid. A Council at Augsburgh in the year 952. ibid. CHAP. V. An Account of the Churches of England 63 The State of England in the Tenth Century ibid. A Council at Canterbury under King Edward and