and challenged him as was then usual but some Persons of Piety interposing the business was mitigated yet the hatred betwixt those two Families could not be rooted out Many Towns and Places of strength adhered to Ferdinand de Castro therefore the King forbore for the present contending with him and bending his Force another way recovered many places that were not Garrisoned It was thought convenient to try the Castle of Zurita seated on a Hill at the foot whereof runs the River Tagus Lope Arenas held it as Lieutenant to Ferdinand de Castro Being summoned he excused himself saying The King was not yet at the age appointed by his Father's Will and that he was but Lieutenant and could not surrender without leave of his Lord. No hopes remaining of a surrender it was resolved to use force D. Lope de Haro came from the farthest part of Biscay to serve at that Siege Provisions growing scarce the Besieged resolved to use Fraud and therefore upon pretence of Capitulating getting D. Nun̄o and Suero de Lara into the Castle kept them Prisoners believing the King to save them would raise the Siege There was one Dominick in the Camp who had deserted from the Castle this Man offer'd for a Reward to make them Masters of the Fort. Upon promise of what he demanded he wounded one Peter Ruiz who was consenting to it and flying was admitted into the Castle and to the Favour of the Lieutenant whose Servant he had been He watched his opportunity and kill'd the Lieutenant whereupon the Castle was immediately Surrendred The King caused Dominick's Eyes to be put out as an example of Treachery yet allowed him a Maintenance which was afterwards taken away and he put to Death for that he boasted of his wickedness The Army was dismissed and D. Lope de Haro much commended return'd home having refused Presents that were offer'd him because the King's Treasury was exhausted This Gentleman is said to have built the Town of Haro not far from the River Ebro The King went to Toledo whither he had summon'd the General Assembly call'd Cortes or Parliament and there it was consulted how to settle the Kingdom and recover those places that would not submit This Year was remarkable for great Rains and Floods particularly at Toledo the River Tagus swelled till it came to the Church of S. Isidorus The following Year on the 8th of February there was an Earthquake in that City a thing not usual and therefore thought to presage more Troubles Ferdinand King of Leon had Marry'd Vrraca the Daughter of Alonso King of Portugal by whom he had Alonso who succeeded him notwithstanding he was Divorc'd from the Queen on account of Consanguinity This Divorce produc'd enmity betwixt the Kings and much harm was done on both sides King Ferdinand was busie repairing the Towns ruin'd by the Wars and building others By the advice of a Banish'd Portugues he built Cuidad Rodrigo on the Borders of Portugal to be a check to those People Hence arose Disgusts which ended in open Enmity King Ferdinand tho' Affable and Courteous was Brave and Resolute and feared not at once to engage both the Kings of Castile and Portugal King Alonso of Castile in the beginning of the Year 1170. held the Cortes or Parliament at Burgos where it was Enacted That since he was at the age of 15 appointed by his Father's Will for delivering all Cities Towns and Castles into his Hands there should be War declared against all such as withheld any from him not excepting King Ferdinand who still was possess'd of a considerable part of the Kingdom That War many difficulties intervening was deferr'd for some time The great Men lest they should be reputed Traitors now no excuse was left obeyed Among the first was Ferdinand de Castro who fearing his Enemies and the King's Displeasure renouncing his Country as the Custom was then went over to the Moors whence he ceased not to do harm upon the Lands of the Christians It was also proposed in the Cortes or Parliament to set on foot a Treaty of Marriage between the King and the Lady Ellenor Daughter to Henry II. King of England and Duke of Normandy and Aquitain After this Alonso King of Aragon had an Interview with his Cousin the King of Castile at Sahagun where a League was concluded between them Thence the two Kings about the beginning of July went to Zaragoça From thence an Embassy was sent to treat about the King's Marriage Cerebrunus Archbishop of Toledo was Principal of the Embassy with him went Raymund Bishop of Palencia and other Prelates and Noblemen At Bourdeaux the Treaty was concluded whence the Lady came into Spain attended not only by those that went for her but by Bernard Bishop of that City and many other Persons of Note Mean while the Kings of Castile and Aragon had made a League Offensive and Defensive against all Princes except the King of England in respect to the Marriage in hand For the more security Cautionary Towns were given on both sides the King of Aragon had Najara and Biguerra he of Castile Ariza and Daroca The Bride being come to Taraçona there the Nuptials were Celebrated with great Pomp in the Month of September The King of Aragon gave her Her Joynter was a great part of Castile Burgos Medina del Campo and many other Towns and half of all that should be taken from the Moors For the King ravished with the beauty of his Bride endeavour'd to exceed all his Predecessors in Liberality Lope the Moorish King of Murcia was doubtless in League with the King of Castile for I find he went to Toledo about this time King Alonso of Aragon was about making War upon him on account that he refused to pay the Tribute he paid to his Father but they agreed and he consented to pay upon Condition King Alonso should not uphold the Maçemutes his Enemies All the Solemnities being perform'd at Taraçona the two Christian Kings parted and publick Rejoicings were again Celebrated at Burgos After that the Troop of Avila which till then had attended the King was dismiss'd Great Privileges were granted to the City Avila for its Fidelity to the King in the worst of times Then the King and Queen set out for Toledo At the same time the King of Aragon with the consent of the Bishop of Rhoda had the Head of Valerius Bishop of Zaragoça translated to that City from Rhoda where it had been till then Garsendis Princess of Bearn by the Death of her Father and Brother did Homage to the King of Aragon and confirmed the contract made that she should not Marry without his leave Some are of Opinion she was Marry'd to William of Moncada a Nobleman and Seneschal of Catalonia of which there is no proof and therefore I thought better to leave it dubious than attempt to decide it on either side CHAP. V. The League made against Peter Ruiz de Azagra
succeeds him KIng Alonso the Tenth of the Name as was of right succeeded his Father Ferdinand His Reign for the strange variety of Revolutions that happen'd prov'd much more wonderful than glorious For what can be more admirable than to see a Prince bred in War and so Learned that few private Persons could compare with him reduc'd to that Unfortunate State he could neither obtain the Empire offer'd him by Strangers nor secure the Kingdom left him by his Father but to be reduc'd almost to the state of a private Man He sully'd the Title of the Wise purchas'd by his Learning by not knowing how to foresee and prevent the Calamities that fell upon him At Sevil where he was when his Father dy'd he was Proclaim'd King His first action was to renew the League with the King of Granada and he remitted him the sixth part of the Tribute he us'd to pay This was done in respect to his good Services and to encourage him to continue faithful That Prince was so great an admirer of King Ferdinand that tho' a Moor he sent Yearly 100 Wax Torches to Sevil for that Kings Anniversary There was great scarcity of Money to relieve which want it was thought fit that instead of Pepiones a Coin so call'd that was made of pure Metal there should Burgaleses be us'd which were base and full of allay This was no relief to the King's wants for all things grew dear and he was forc'd to raise the Salaries of all Officers But the People were much more inrag'd when another sort of Money was invented call'd Black because it had much Copper 15 pieces of this Money were worth a Crown one Burgales was worth two Pepiones This Method of raising Money has often been found very prejudicial and soon made King Alonso odious to his Subjects King Alonso was troubled for the Barrenness of his Queen Violante Flatterers advis'd there might be a Divorce obtain'd and the King was easy to be perswaded He sent to conclude a Match with Christina Daughter to the King of Denmark and she was brought into Spain King Jayme of Aragon indeavour'd by fair means to alter this resolution but those failing had recourse to Arms. Thus the War broke out incursions were made on both sides and the Frontiers plunder'd Theobald King of Navarre dy'd now on the 8th of July 1253. As he was worthy of praise for his zeal towards the Holy Land so he was Blameable for invading the rights of the Church on which account it is said that Kingdom was for the space of three Years under a general Interdict After that time was expir'd Peter Remigius or Gaçoliz Bishop of Pamplona who had been Banished was reconciled to the King and return'd to his Church Theobald was honourable for other good qualities and especially for his Learning He had Three Wives by the first who was Daughter to the Earl of Lorrain he had no Children Being Divorc'd from her by the Pope's Command he Marry'd Sibila Daughter to Philip Earl of Flanders by whom he had Blanch Marry'd to John Duke of Britanny called the Red. By his third Wife the Daughter of Archimbaud Earl of Faux he had Theobald Henry and Ellenor Theobald succeeded his Father being then not 15 Years of Age but of an Excellent temper and promising hopes Queen Marguerite his Mother fearing Alonso King of Castile being eas'd of the War with the Moors would again set up his pretensions to that Crown had recourse to the King of Aragon with him she had a Conference at Tudela in August and they concluded a League Offensive and Defensive It was also agreed that Theobald should Marry one of King Jayme's Daughters and that neither of them should be given to any of the King of Castile's Brothers without the consent of Queen Marguerite However the King of Aragon sav'd to himself his pretensions to that Crown on account of the adoption of King Sancho That this League might be the firmer they had it confirmed by the Pope It aim'd directly at Castile The apprehensions of a War caus'd the King of Aragon and his Son to be reconcil'd Thus I find that Alonso the eldest Son confirm'd under an Oath what his Father had given to Peter and Jayme the two Younger Brothers A new War ensued Alasarcho a designing Moor promis'd to deliver up the Castle of Reguara King Jayme being a forward Prince easily gave credit to him and was on the way with a small handful of Men. He had fallen into the snare and been taken but that he had intelligence of the design The Moor thus disappointed perswaded those of Valencia to revolt thither the King hasted and it was debated to expel all the Infidels Interest sway'd the Nobility to oppose this advice but the Prelate and Commonalty prevail'd so the Moors were Commanded to depart Valencia and all its Territory within a time prefixt They tho' 60000. strong and in Arms obey'd and dispersed themselves into the Country of Murzia and Granada A considerable number also setled in that part now called La Mancha de Aragon formerly Montaragon of a Town of that Name At that time it was not Tilled nor Improved at present yields Corn that supplies many Places Ferdinand Brother to King Alonso made a considerable profit of the Moors for being Governour of Villena through which they were to pass he obliged every one to pay a Crown of Gold These affairs hindred the King of Aragon from falling upon Castile and this delay proved fortunate At the same time that Christina after her long Voyage came to Toledo which was in the Year 1254. it appeared that the Queen was with Child The King moved at so unexpected an accident changed his hatred into Love and those who before perswaded a Divorce now pleaded for the Queen Such is the Custom of Flatterers Philip the King's Brother notwithstanding he was Abbot of Valladolid and Elect Archbishop of Sevil renounced the Priestly Function and with the King's consent Marry'd Christina who dy'd soon after Queen Violantes Barreness was chang'd into Fruitfulness and she bore many Children These were Berengaria Beatrix Ferdinand called de la Cerda that is of the Hair because of long Hair that grew on his back Sancho Peter John James Elizabeth and Ellenor By a Woman of mean Extraction the King had Alonso Fernandez by D. Mayor Daughter to Peter de Guzman he had Beatrix both Illegitimate In the following Year 1255. Edward the Eldest Son of Henry King of England came into Spain the cause of his coming is not known unless it were on account of Christina who was his Cousin-german He was honourably received by the King at Burgos and by him Knighted according to the Custom of those times Honours directed to appease the Fierce Youth King Alonso had not the same Character in all parts In Spain he was hated by his Subjects and not much beloved by the Neighbouring Princes Abroad the Fame of
was very bloody Conradin and Frederick had their Heads cut off at Naples a hard Judgment upon such great Princes At this time another Debate arose in Aragon Gerard de Cabrera pretending to the Earldom of Vrgel pleading that his Brother Alonso's Children were not Legitimate Raymund Folch their Uncle by the Mother's side and other Men of Note supported them King Jayme seem'd to espouse Gerard's quarrel and that the more for that he had made over his Right to the King as not able to carry it off himself The King of Granada prepar'd to make War upon Guadix and Malaga and was offended that King Alonso contrary to what had been agreed did underhand support them D. Nun̄o de Lara and D. Lope de Haro being disoblig'd by the King blew the Coals They promis'd the Moor if he would take up Arms not only they but many other Men of Note would go over to him There was some rumour spread abroad of these Practices but there wanted Witnesses to prove the Fact This mov'd the King to go into Andaluzia This Year the King chang'd the Name of the Village call'd S. Peter de Ariznoa in Guipuscoa into that of Vergara and made it a Market-Town The Affairs of Andaluzia being setled and Winter coming on King Alonso return'd to Toledo to entertain his Father-in-law the King of Aragon who came to be present at the first Mass of his Son D. Sancho the Archbishop which was to be Celebrated on Christmass-day D. Sancho accordingly said Mass that day the two Kings of Castile and Aragon the Queen and Prince Ferdinand being present King Jayme of Aragon staid but 8 days at Toledo being resolv'd tho' very old to go over to the War in the Holy-Land inflam'd with the desire of restoring the ancient Glory of the Christians in those parts A great and valiant Prince worthy to have succeded better than he did in that Expedition CHAP. IX The King of Aragon 's Expedition for the Holy-Land The Kings of France and Navarre and the eldest Son of the King of England move upon the same Enterprize The Nobles of Castile Revolt Troublesin Aragon THE Affairs of the Christians in the Holy-Land were reduc'd to the last extremity Now unexpectedly a fair opportunity of restoring their losses offer'd it self and stirred up at one-time England France and Spain to take Arms. Whilst Pope Innocent IV. held the General Council at Lyons in France he sent four Preachers of the Holy Order of S. Dominick among the Tartars to try whether that Barbarous People could be reduc'd to embrace Christianity Those Preachers were so successful as to gain Reputation among the Barbarians who began to show some affection towards the Christian Religion These People had now Invaded that part of Syria which was under the Saracens and the great Cham their King sent Embassadors to invite most Princes of Europe to share in that Conquest Particularly he sent Embassadors to the King of Aragon with John Alaricus of Perpegnan whom the King on account of an Embassy receiv'd before had sent into Tartary The Tartar Embassadors staid ar Barcelona Alaricus went to Toledo where in an Assembly of the Nobles he gave an account of his Embassy King Jayme resolv'd to go in Person to that War without regard to his great Age or the Intreaties of King Alonso and Queen Violante King Alonso seeing he was not to be disswaded promis'd him 100000 Ducats towards the Charge of the War Some Nobles of Castile offer'd to bear him Company and among them the Master of the Knights of Santiago and D. Gonçalo Pereyra Grand Prior of S. John From Toledo he went to Valencia where he gave Audience to the Tartars and also to another Embassador from the Emperor Paleologus who promis'd to furnish Provisions and all other Necessaries After all things were in readiness at the request of Queen Violante his Daughter he went as far as Huerta and there took his leave of her his Sons and Grandchildren On the 4th of September in the Year 1269. he set sail with a Fleet of 30 great Ships and some Galleys The Season was not fit for such Expeditions In three days they had sight of Minorca where a violent Storm dispers'd the whole Fleet which was drove to several Ports The King was put in at Marseilles and thence remov'd to the Gulph of Agde Some Ships and among 'em that in which went Fernan Sanchez the King's Son weather'd the Storm and arriv'd at Acre in the Holy-Land After refreshing himself at Montpelier the King now repenting that he had undertaken that Expedition return'd to Catalonia In Castile King Alonso with Edward Son and Heir to the King of England went as far as Logrono to meet his Daughter-in-law who was coming out of France thro' Navarre to her Husband This Marriage was Solemniz'd with greater Splendour than was ever seen before for there were present at it Jayme King of Aragon Grandfather to the Bridegroom Peter his eldest Son Philip eldest Son to the King of France Edward Son and Heir to the King of England the King of Granada King Alonso his Brothers Sons and Uncle Alonso Lord of Molina A great number of French Italian and Spanish Nobility was there and among them William Marques of Montseratte who Jovius says was Son-in-law to King Ferdinand Sancho Archbishop of Toledo was also present some say he Marry'd them This Match was contriv'd that the King of France might quit the Pretensions he had to Castile as being the Son of Blanch eldest Sister to King Henry After the Solemnity King Alonso accompany'd the King af Aragon as far as Tarraçona The English and French went further than the Aragonians in the Expedition of the Holy-Land but without much Success Edward eldest Son to the King of England with a good Fleet arriv'd at Ptolemais and escap'd himself the danger of the Assassins S. Luis King of France set Sail from Marseilles on the first of March 1270. Theobald King of Navarre having committed the Government to his Brother Henry accompany'd S. Luis After a Storm they landed at Tunez Invested the Town overthrew the Infidels twice in the Field and continu'd the Siege the space of 6 Months The great heat caus'd the Plague whereof vast numbers dy'd and among them Prince John the King's Son and lastly the King himself on the 28th of August Charles King of Sicily landing at this Juncture the Besieg'd agreed to pay him 40000 Ducats a Year and then the Army went over into Sicily Theobald King of Navarre dy'd there in the City Trapana on the 5th of December The Body of S. Luis was carry'd to S. Denis near Paris that of the King of Navarre to Champagne Queen Elizabeth his Wife dy'd on the 25th of April the Year following at Hiere in Provence Let us return to Castile King Alonso at this time was perplex'd with many cares The ambition of taking upon him the Empire of Germany had
to return into France by Land about Autumn dismiss'd many hir'd Ships they had iâ— the 〈◊〉 Roses to 〈…〉 Charges Mean while Roger Lauria Admiral of Aragon having takeâ— the 〈◊〉 in the 〈◊〉 Part of Italy came with great speed to relieve the King of Aragon being come upon the Coast of Spain he fell upon the French Fleet then out of Port consisting of few Ships and those unprovided and so easily overthrew them John Scoâ—us the French â—dmiral was 〈…〉 with 15 Galleys 12 others fled to the Port of Roses whence they had 〈◊〉 Their 〈…〉 burnt not only them but the very Town such was their Consteâ—nation and fled to the Camp whither they carry'd the News of their Defeat The King of France finding all things more Difficult than he had expected and much griev'd with Sickness repair'd 〈…〉 and leaving a strong Garrison in it march'd with the remainder of his Army towards Roussillon On the Pyrenâ—an Mountains the whole Army was in great Danger the Aragonians having secur'd all the Passes in hopes to take the King of France who by reason of his Indisposition was carry'd upon Men's Shoulders Great loss was sustain'd much Baggage lost and what was worst of all the King fatigu'd with the Journey dâ—'d at Peâ—pignan on the 6th of 〈◊〉 His Body as he had order'd was carry'd to the Church of â—â— Denis near Pariâ—s His Son Philip the Fair or the Beautiful succeeded him being before that King of Navarre Upon the Departure of the French all the â—had taken was recover'd by the 〈◊〉 Besides Prince Alonso sâ—nt over by his Father to that effect took all the Island of Majorca in 〈…〉 that the King of it had joyn'd with the French 〈…〉 his own Brother The King of 〈◊〉 design'd to pursue his good Fortune and had new Design◠〈…〉 to strengthen himself when Death put a Period to all his Resolutions He dy'd at 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 8th Day of November in the Prime of his Age being but 〈…〉 Six Years old 〈…〉 the height of his Glory He was call'd the Great for that 〈…〉 Sicily to his Dominions and for his other memorable Exploits He was an 〈…〉 being of â—â— only Presence Presence of large Stature a generous Spirit well skill'd at all Weapons especially in wielding a Pole-Ax He had a particular Way of â—â—ining Peoples Affections with Good Words Courtesey and Liberality He leâ—t no other Reflection on himself but his lying under an Excommunication till the end of his Life the Thoughts whereof often perplexed him and particularly at the Hour of his Death He was resolv'd of that Scruple in the last Agâ—ny by the Arch-Bishop of Tarragona having exacted to Oath from him that he would for the future be obedient to the Church His Body was Buried in the Monastery of Santa Cruz which is near that Place His Children went D. Alonso the Eldest whom in his Will he appointed Heir of his Kingdoms without making particular mention of Sicily then Jayme 〈◊〉 Peter Elizabeth and the 〈◊〉 Constance all Born of Queen Constance his Wife Arnaldus de Vallanova a most famous 〈◊〉 of those times was with the King when he dy'd This Man and all his Works were afterwards condemn'd by the Inquisitions Tostatus affirms he attempted with Humour 〈◊〉 and other 〈◊〉 to form a Man and that tho' it took not effect he went a great way towards it 〈…〉 is not our Business to argue the Truth of this Assertion CHAP. VII The King of Castile and Portugal meet D. Lope de Haro flies to Navarre A Treaty in order to release the two Princes of Castile Charles Prince of Salerno set at Liberty France and Castile joyn against Aragon Denis King of Portugal his Issue THis Year unfortunate in the Death of so many Princes was in some measure bless'd with the Birth of Prince Ferdinand Son to the King of Castile and born at Sevil while his Father was gone to Badajoz to appease some Troubles that were in those Parts The Care of his Education was committed to Hernan â—once â—â— Leon a Man of great Note and Zamora was appointed for his Residence as being a Place 〈…〉 and Pleasant Moreover the following Year which was 1286 in the Cortes or Parliament he was sworn Heir to the Crownâ— which was his Father's chiefest Caâ—e both in respect he fear'd his Nephews as also because his Marriage with the Queen was illegal upon account of Consanguinity He endeavour'd to obtain a Dispensation but could never Prevail with the Popes the King of France always opposing it in favour of the two excluded Princes his near Kinsmen King Sancho labour'd by all means to gain his Good Will and to that purpose sent the same Embassadors who went to him the Year 〈◊〉 and were the Bishop of Calaherra and Abbot of Valludoliâ— Philip the 〈◊〉 King of France was Crown'd at Rheimes on the 6th of January In Sicily Prince Jayme as soon as he neard of the Death of his Father took upon him the Title of King of Sicily and Prince of Apulia and 〈◊〉 as being possess'd of a good Part of the Kingdom of Napâ—â—â— and hoping in a short time to be Master of all that remain'd Yet all places were well fortify'd and provided to oppose the Siciliaâ—â— though the Valour and Industry â—â— Robert Earl of Arras to whom the King of France after the Death of King Charles had committed the Care of the Kingdom of Naples 〈◊〉 the III. King of Aragon being sometime taken up in fitting out a Fleet to invade Majorca and Minorca as was left him in Charge by his Father delay'd his Coronation â—â— the 14th of 〈◊〉 being Easter Sunday He was crown'd at Zaragaca by the Bishop of 〈◊〉 the See of Tarragona whose that Honour was being then vacant and took the usual Oath to preserve the Liberties of the People The Expences of the Royal Family were retrench'd and at the Cortes or Parliament held at Huesca the King granted that Valencia sometime before annex'd to the Crown of Aragon should be govern'd according to the Law◠〈…〉 that Kingdom Gonçalo Archbishop of Toledo a Person of great Esteem with the King here him company to S. Sebastian in order to a Conference between him and the King of France but they met not However the Arch-Bishop was sent by King Sancho and the Duke of Burgundy by him of France to Bayonne where a Treaty of Peace was earnestly labour'd upon The French would give Ear to no Proposals unless King Sancho would put away his Wife to whom he was illegally Married by reason of their Consanguinity and Marry one of the King of France his Sisters which were 〈…〉 after Wife to Edward King of England and Blanch Marry'd to the Duke of Austria King Sancho would hot be perswaded to putaway a Virtuous Wife by whom he had a Son and â— Daughter so the Treaty broke off and he return'd to the Queen to Vitoria The King was highly affended at the
Abbot of Valladalid for that it was he who started that Discourse and consulted with the Queen how to be reveng'd They thought fit to call him to Aâ—â—ount for the administration of the Royal Revenue which he had Charge of and the Business was committed to the Arch-Bishop of Toledo King Sancho went away to Santiago in 〈◊〉 and by the way in the Monasterâ— of Sahagun finding that the Bonca of King Alonso the VIth and his two Queens Elizabeth and Mary were meanly laterred he â—â—us'd them to be put into decent Tombs with 〈…〉 Being return'd to Valladâ—lid he honour'd D. Lope Diaz de Haro â—â—rd of Biscay to whom chiefly he 〈…〉 Crown with the place of Lord Steward of his Household and his Standard heaâ—ery Besides he made him Governour of many Forth and on the 1st of January gave him the Title of an Earl all these Honours in remainder to his son James Lopez de Haro 〈…〉 de Haro Brother to D. Lope was made General of 〈…〉 Thus that Family increas'd Riches and Power and D. Lope became the King 's Favouriâ—â— all Things were govern'd according to his Will in so much that the other Nobles complain'd he tyranniz'd in the Name of King Sancho Paticularly the People of Leon and Gâ—â—cia found fault that he bestow'd all 〈…〉 upon his own Creatures D. Lope great yâ—t more Hanghty having marry'd his Daughter Mary to Prince John and endeavour'd to have the King put away his Queen that he might Marry his Consin Gulielma Daughter to â—astâ—n Earl 〈…〉 This was not at all pleasing to the King who had now by the Queen another Son call'd Alonso and therefore sought an Opportunity to â—ake off D. Lope yet fearing some Rebellion kept him close about his Person in the same Hâ—â—â—ur whilst he visited the Kingdom of Toledo and went to 〈◊〉 The Design of this burney was to 〈◊〉 the People of Galicia who had revolted and put a stop to the incursions of the 〈…〉 Prince Alonso the King of Portugal's Brother and D. Alvar NunÌ„oz de Lara Son to D. John de Lara a restless Man and us'd to live upon Rapine Prince Alonso was possess'd of the 〈◊〉 of Pertalegâ—â— and Roncaâ— on the Frontiers of Castile and Portugal 〈◊〉 Lope de Haro was lest to reduce the Rebels of Galicia The affair of Portugal was 〈◊〉 of between that King and him of Castile and they agreeing with joynt Forces laid Siege to Ronca destroy'd all the Country and oblig'd it to surrender The two Kings being together at this Siege the Portuguese advis'd the Castilian to take D. Alvar NunÌ„ez de Lara into Favour that his Greatness might serve as a check to D. Lope de Haro which was done accordingly D. Lope diving into that Design upon pretence of visiting his Cousin the Viscount of Bearne withdrew into Navarre The Navarrois were of themselves inclinable to make War against Castile and therefore upon his coming took up Arms. Clement Luna a Frenchman was then Viceroy of Navarre Many Incursions were made by the Navarrois as well into Castile as Aragon but nothing of Note was done except taking the Town of Salvatierra from the later The Aragonians made War into Italy with better success Roger Lauria a brave Commander and famous for his late Victories surpriz'd a mighty Fleet of the Enemy near Naples and after a sharp Dispute obtain'd a compleat Victory taking 42 Sale and 5000 Prisoners among which were many of Note Most of them were ransom'd only Guido de Montfort was not releas'd the Kings of England and Aragon being his 〈…〉 Enemies because this Man was Great Grand-son to Simon Earl of Montfort who as has been said overthrew and kill'd Peter King of Aragon in the War of Toulouze And Simon Grand-son to the other Simon took Richard Brother to King Henry of England Prisoner Guido also cruelly Murder'd Henry the Son of that Richard the Emperour in the Cathedral of Viterbo at Man in Revenge for his Father kill'd in Battle by Edward King of England The French and English Historians affirm 〈◊〉 Guido was deliver'd up to the King of England A Sicilian Writer of that Age positively says he 〈…〉 Sicily of a Disease which could not be cur'd without having to do with a Woman which he absolutely refus'd because he would not wrong his Wife Margueriâ—e who after his Death behav'd not her self so well as she ought to have done The Aragonians were now at Peace and famous for their Riches Strength and the memorable Action they had perform'd Only the King of Majorca â—â—â—ested the Coast of â—â—â—alonia but â—â— nothing Remarkable Alonso King of Aragon was renowned and had the Ballance of Peace and War in his Hands keeping the two rightful Princes of Castile Prisoners in Aragon and him of Salerâ—o in Sicily These Princes growing weary of their Confinement inclin'd to admit of any 〈…〉 so they might be enlarg'd and great Kings interceded for them Many 〈…〉 sent from France and Castile upon that Affair but the Authority of Edward King of England was of most Weight because the Aragonian sought to Marry his Daughter Ellâ—â—or â—â—ose Kings resolv'd to meet at the City Oloron in the Province of Bearne and there 〈…〉 of the King of England it was agreed that the Prince of Salerno should be set at Liberty within a Year upon these Conditions That the Kingdom of Sicily should remain to D. Jayme That he should prevail with the Pope to give his consent and take 〈…〉 censures under which the Kingdom of Aragon lay That he should Pay 30000 Marks of Silver That Charles of Valcis should quit his Pretensions to the Crown of Aragon given him by Pope Martin And that if all this were not perfor 〈◊〉 within the Term of three Years that Prince should return in Prison and in the mean while should give his Three Sons Robert Charles and Luis and Sixty Men of Note of 〈…〉 as Hostages Charles Prince of 〈◊〉 being set at liberty went over into France and thence into Tuscany and after having appeas'd the Tumults rais'd by the 〈◊〉 in Rodâ— was at last by Pope 〈◊〉 the IV th declared King of Apulia and Sicily and accordingly 〈…〉 Pope pretended the late Agreement was invalid being made without his Consent that Kingdom being an antient Fleâ— of the Church This highly perplexed the King of Aragon and the Wordâ— for that he understand that Sancho King of Castile was 〈…〉 to break 〈◊〉 him and joyn with the King of France the Queen and Arch-Bishop of Toledo favouring the French and many others oppos'd He â—â— many Troubles ensu'd and D. Lope de Haro dying â—â— shall be related but Friends and 〈…〉 fled to Aragon and were the 〈◊〉 of new Wars This 〈…〉 speedily with the French The Embassadors of both Kings and the Popes 〈…〉 at the â—â—ity Lyons in French and â—here they agreed Thâ—â— King Sancho should give to D. Alonso de la Cerda the Kingdom of Mâ—â—câ—â— upon Condition he
Affairs in Castile in the Year 1305. On the 17th of January dy'd Roger Lauria the famous Admiral of Aragon who gain'd Sicily for King Peter perform'd many brave Exploits by himself and those Kings did none without him His Body was bury'd in the Monastery of Santa Cruz near unto the Tomâ— of King Peter On the 6th of April dy'd Joanna Queen of Navarre at Paris and was bury'd in the Monastery of S. Francis Luis call'd Huttin succeeded his Mother in the Kingdom of Navarre and afterwards his Father in that of France The Queen left two other Sons Philip the Long and Charles the Fair who all came to be Kings of France and Navarre She left also two Daughters one dy'd Young the other call'd Elizabeth was marry'd to Edward King of England and was the beautifullest Lady of her Time Benedict sat in the Papal Chair but 8 Months and 6 Days And he dying it was vacant 10 Months and 28 Days After long Debates betwixt the French and Italian Cardinals Clement the Vth. was chosen and proclaim'd on the 5th of June He was before Arch-Bishop of Bourdeaux and is said to have promis'd many scandalous Things to the King of France before he would permit him to pass towards Rome He was Crown'd on the 11th of November at which time a Wall falling as the Procession was going did much mischief and struck the Tyara off his Head out of which a great Carbuncle was lost which Things were look'd upon as ill Omens and the rest of his life was not unlike to this beginning but those Things do not belong to this History At the same time troubles began again to break out in Spain D. John NunÌ„ez de Lara declin'd in the King's Favour who took from him the Office of Lord Steward and confer'd it on D. Lope Son to D. James de Haro on pretence that D. John de Lara being General of the Frontiers could not serve both places but in reality to oblige the Family of Haro and divide it from that of Lara Those Families understanding the Design knit their Interests the closer together and seem'd to threaten a Rebellion Alonso Perez de Guzman and the Queen interpoâ—'d and restoring each of those Gentlemen their Honours pacify'd them Besides the dispute betwixt Prince John and the House of Haro was reconcil'd upon these Conditions That D. James de Haro during his Life should possess the Lordship of Biscay and after his Death it should fall to Prince John That Orduna and Balmaseda should be Intail'd â—â—on D. John D. James his Son and his Heirs and in lieu of what he was to lose Miranda de Ebro and Villalva de Losa were given him All Men rejoyc'd to see these Differences compos'd except D. John de Lara who in a rage that he had not been consulted in the Affair of D. James de Haro and studying to make his Advantage of the publick Calamities renouncing his Oath of Fidelity withdrew with his Followers to Tordehumos a strong Pâ—ace where he hoped to be able to withstand the King whom he had hainously offended The King's Forces laid Siege to that Place but many favouring D. John it was protracted to a long time Some Overtures of Accommodation were made and because the King would not harken to them his Army broke up of it self and disbanded Among others Prince John favour'd D. John de Lara and the Business was carry'd to such a beight that the King was forc'd to Pardon him only taking from him the Towns of Moya and Canete the Gift of King Sancho Nor was the Peace lasting for both those Gentlemen imagining the King had a Design to take away their Lives openly rebell'd again Prince John was soon appeas'd but it was not so easy to reduce D. John de Lara D. Alonso de la Cerda forsaken of all Men and seeing no Hopes of obtaining the Crown sent Martin Ruiz to take possession of the Towns assign'd him by the Arbitrators and was ever after call'd D. Alonso the Disinherited The Moors of Granada about this time began to Mutiny for that their King was blind and his Brother-in-Law the Lord of Malaga govern'd the State with the same Grandeur as if he had been another King The Nobility were not wanting to incense the Commons Among them Aborrabes a Gentleman descended from the Kings of Morocco seiz'd Almeria and call'd himself King of that place Most of the People favour'd Mahomet Azar the King's Brother and were for putting the Crown upon his Head Aborrabes was expell'd Almeria by the contrary Faction and he designing to seize upon Ceuta a City on the Coast of Africk belonging to the Kingdom of Granada thought to obtain Aid of the Christians This seem'd a good opportunity to drive the Moors quite out of Spain and in order to it the Two Kings of Castile and Aragon met at the Monastery of Huerta upon the Borders of both Kingdoms at the beginning of the Year 1309. There and at Monreal whither they remov'd it was agreed First to pacify D. Alonso de la Cerda somewhat mollifying the Decree of the Arbitrators lest whilst they were busie in the War with the Moors he should raise Tumults in Castile Next to make War upon the Moors with two Armies and at once besiege Almeria and Algezira Besides it was resolv'd Prince Jayme the King of Aragon's Son should Marry Ellenor the Sister of King Ferdinand her Dower to be the sixth part of what was gain'd in War and particularly the City Almeria After the Interview broke up great preparations were made King Ferdinand went away to Toledo to see the Body of his Father King Sancho translated to a stately Tomb built by the Queen This King was naturally meer and merciful and of Body comely and well shap'd He advis'd a Gentleman to whom he had given the Government of Galicia not to put to death some Men of Note that had rais'd Rebellion in that Country but to send them to him which prov'd very advantagious for they to blot out the shame of their Crimes did extraordinary Service against the Moors The Army march'd into Andaluzia and the Castilians laid Siege to Algezira on the 27th of June About the middle of the next Month the King of Aragon set down before Almeria Gilbert Viscoune Castelnovo with part of the Aragonian-Fleet sail'd to Ceuta in Africk and took it The Plunder was given to the Souldiers the City to Aborrabe as had been agreed The Moors of Granada with all their Forces march'd to relieve Almeria but were so bravely receiv'd by the Aragonians that after a sharp Dispute they fled and a great Slaughter was made tho the Woods which were near sav'd many Whilst the Aragonians were busy in the Pursuit the Besieged fallying entred their Works but the Christians returning Victorious soon drove them back into the City On the 15th of October 40000 Moors again assauited the Aragonians in their Works and met with the
Gentleman of great Note who had been Governour of Granada and had no hand in this Treason set up Joseph Bulhugia Brother to the deceas'd which displeas'd many because there was another Brother Elder than he call'd Ferrachen Thus the Moors were in confusion D. Gonçalo and Ferdinand de Aguilar two Brothers Lords of Montilla and Aguilar went over to the New King being disoblig'd by their own Incursions were made upon the Borders and the Truce lately concluded violated More mischief had ensu'd but that Abomelique was call'd into Africk by his Father to serve against Tremeçen He being gone a Truce was again concluded in the beginning of the year 1334. with the New King for four years yet so that the Moors were freed from the Tribute they used to pay the King of Castile being wholly bent upon subduing his Rebels At this time the Lady Ellenor de Guzman the King's Mistriss was brought to Bed of two Sons at a Birth which were Henry and Fredrick of whom we shall have much occasion to speak In the Spring the King return'd to Castile was at Segovia and thence went to Valladolid The Rebellious Nobles not being able to maintain a War were hard press'd and most of the Towns belonging to them taken the greatest part of Biscay submitting to the King to whom they swore Fidelity under an Old Tree at Guernica as is their Custom Some few Places impregnable by Nature still held out for D. John de Lara D. John de Haro was beheaded as a Traytor in his own Town of Agoncillo and his Estate Confiscate except the Town of Cameros given to his Brothers D. Alvaro and D. Alonso that so Noble a Family might not wholly perish The Governour of the Castle of Iscar shut the Gates against the King and being taken lost his Head for the same About the end of August the Queen was deliver'd of a Son at Burgos who was call'd Peter and his Brother Ferdinand dying came to be King of Castile By the Lady Ellenor the King had another Son call'd Ferdinand In Aragon two Brothers of that King dy'd one after another one was D. Jayme Master of the Knights of Montesa who had renounc'd his Right to the Crown and D. John Archbishop of Tarragona in whose place Arnaldus Cascomes Bishop of Lerida succeeded The King of Aragon by reason of his indisposition committed the whole care of the Government to his eldest Son Prince Peter Queen Ellenor who govern'd the King through her importunity obtain'd of him several Towns for her Sons Ferdinand and John to the prejudice of Prince Peter and as was said contrary to the King's Oath who had sworn not to alienate any thing belonging to the Crown This was the ground of great Hatred betwixt the Mother and Son-in-Law which caus'd many Tumults in the Kingdom The Queen had a meeting with her Brother of Castile and he promis'd to support her as did D. John de Exerica and his Brother Peter who were both of her Party At the beginning of the year 1335 D. John Manuel terrify'd by the example of D. John de Haro and D. John de Lara was reconcil'd to the King to the great Joy of all People for which there were publick Sports and particularly a notable Turnament But this Joy was not lasting for the King of Portugal was resolv'd to put away his Wife Blanch and Marry the Lady Constance and ratheâ— hazard a War than not have his Will The King of Aragon's Eldest Son was contracted to Mary Daughter to the King of Navarre she â—eing preferr'd before her Sister Joanna the Elder to inherit the Crown in case that King dy'd without Issue Male. Henry Viceroy of Navarre contriv'd these Affairs which were very displeasing to the King of Castile against whom they seem'd to be levell'd for the Prince of Aragon made this League with Navarre in hatred to his Mother-in-Law The Navarrois surpriz'd the Monastery of Fitero appertaining to Castile Complaint being made to the King of Aragon he answer'd by reason of his Indisposition he could not govern his Son Thus the War broke out Martin Portocarrero was sent with a great Army into Navarre They came to a Battel near Tudela which was very Bloody but the Navarrois were defeated and a great number of them drowned in the River Ebro D. Michael Zapata the Aragonian General was absent fortifying Fitero but appear'd on the Neighbouring Hills when the Battel was almost over His coming caus'd the Navarrois to Raily and the Battel was renew'd yet the Aragonians tho' they came in fresh were put to Flight and their General taken by the Castillians The Slaughter was not so great as expected because the Castilians were tir'd and Night drew on besides that the Enemy differ'd not in Language which sav'd many On the other side the Biscayners under their General Lope de LescanÌ„o having destroy'd all the Territory of Pamplona took the Castle of Vnsa Thus the Insolency of the Navarrois was check'd At that time the King of Castile lay sick of an Ague at Palencia and taking Compassion of the Navarrois order'd his General to March out of that Country who brought with him Prince Peter of Aragon's Royal Standard Gaston Earl of Faux march'd to the Assistance of Navarre and their Forces being joyn'd they laid Siege to LogronÌ„o the chief City on the Frontiers The Neighbouring People and Inhabitants of that Place gave the Enemy Battel but were defeated and forc'd to retire into the City Ruy Diaz de Gaoâ—â—â— â—â—â—mander and a Native of LogronÌ„o with only three Soldiers made good a Bridge against the whole Army of the Enemy left they should enter the Town together with the Citizens He was kill'd his Companions came off and defended the Town for the Navarrois finding great opposition rais'd the Siege and return'd home John Archbishop of Reimes going on Pilgrimage to Santiago at this time in his way made a Peace betwixt these two Crowns Three Embassies came at once to the King of Castile from the Kings Edward of England Philip of France and Alboacen of Morocco The last sent Rich Presents and desir'd to have the Truce renew'd The English offer'd a Wife for Prince Peter which was refus'd by reason of his tender Age. This in the Year 1335. Soon after at the beginning of the following Year D. Alonso King of Aragon dy'd at Barcelona He was a just merciful and religious Prince and was therefore call'd the Pious He was more Fortunate during his Father's Reign than his own and that by reason of his continual Indisposition To D. Jayme his youngest Son by his first Wife he left the Earldom of Vrgel and Prince Peter was Heir to the Crown To his Sons by the 2d Wife he left other Possessions as has been said above Queen Ellenor fearing her Son in Law went away to Albarazin being a place of great Strength and near the Frontiers of Castile D. John and Peter de Exerica follow'd
upon that Design Soon after two others being put to the Wrack confess'd the same Both the Moorish Kings desir'd to relieve the Town He of Morocco durst not leave Ceuta for fear his Son Abderhaman should Rebel who about this time was put to Death for attempting it The King of 〈…〉 durst not alone hazard a Battle but lest he should be thought to be Idle sent part of his Forces to over-run the Country of Ezija whilst he Burnt Palma a Town seated upon the Conflux of the Rivers Xenil and Gaudalquivir He durst not Garrison it nor make any stay there hearing the Country was gathering to make Head against him His other Forces were defeated by Ferdinand de Aguilar who took from them all the Booty they had gather'd It was now the beginning of the Year 1343 and nothing considerable was done at Algezira only some Works were carry'd on by In̄iga Lopez de Horosco wooden Towers were apply'd to the Walls and other Engines play'd but all was destroy'd with Stones cast by the Defendants The Place was unfit for advancing of Works or for the Men to ascend In the Streight of Gibraltar there are two Bays of the same Form but one bigger than the other Tarifa stands upon the Lesser and Algezira over the Greater upon a steep and craggy Hill It is divided into the New and Old each encompass'd with a Wall like two distinct Towns This was then the Seat of the African Empire in Spain No Provision could be convey'd into the Town except a few Boats that stole in by Night which was a small Relief where Hunger began to pinch It was now doubtful whether in were not better to raise the Siege than continue it for the Mony sent by the Pope and King of France was spent and he of Portugal had contributed nothing Some Overtures of Peace were made but took no Effect Therefore the King of Granada advanc'd with his Army as far as the River Guadiarro 5 Leagues from Algezira In Ceuta a great Fleet was ready with the Power of Africk to pass over into Spain These were fresh and the Christians harrass'd yet the King's Resolution and good Fortune overcome all Difficulties Considerable Succours came to him at the same time from England France and Navarre From England the Earls of Derby and Salisbury This Earl of Derby must doubtless be John of Gant 3d Son to King Edward the IIId for it was he had the Title at this time From France the Earl of Faux with his Brother and some others King Philip of Navarre having sent before great store of Provision by Sea and order'd his Army to follow hasted away himself to come time enough for the Battle which was expected would be fought D. John de Lara and D. John Manuel came before and daily fresh Forces arrived from all Parts This increase of the Christian Army terrify'd the Moors and they propos'd a Truce Notwithstanding the Treaty the Town was batter'd and the besieg'd did great harm among the Christians with Iron Bullets they shot This is the first time we find any mention of Gun-powder and Ball in our Histories In the Month of August in the County of Vrgel a Child was born with two Heads and four Legs The Superstitious People bury'd it alive and the Parents suffer'd Death for consenting to that Act. This year also dy'd Robert King of Naples At Algezira when Autumn came on the foreign Souldiers went away the English pretended they were call'd home by their King the Earl of Faux said his Men complain'd of the Pay But Sickness was the chief Motive of their Departure and the Earl of 〈…〉 dy'd at Sevil King Philip of Navarre at Xerez both in the Month of September their 〈…〉 were carry'd into their Countries The Departure of those Princes encourag'd the 〈…〉 hazard a Battle 60 Galleys of theirs which in October had Anchor'd at Estepona pass 〈…〉 to Gibraltar The River Palmones parted the two Armies both Parties several times meeting in that River at last they came to a Battle in which the Moors shew'd no Bravery but presently fled Hunger press'd in the City for our Fleet had taken two Galleys of theirs carrying in Provisions Five Barques got in at the beginning of the Year 1344 and they returning to Africk gave an Account that the besieg'd could hold out no longer Presently after a Treaty was set on Foot and on the 26th of March the City was deliver'd upon the following Conditions That the King of Granada pay the usual Tribute That the besieg'd have leave to depart and carry away their Goods That there be a Truce for the term of Ten Years Many of the Moors went over into Africk The King enter'd the City in solemn Procession on the 27th of March the great Mosque was consecrated and the Country divided among the Souldiers who were willing to live there This done the King went to Sevil where he receiv'd an Embassy from King Edward of England offering his Daughter Joanna in Marriage to France Peter the Heir of Castile This offer was then accepted of yet afterwards took no effect In the late Battle of Tarifa two Daughters of Albohacen were taken Prisoners and now sent to him without any Ransom but he return'd rich Presents Great rejoycing was throughout all Spain and the Churches resounded with Thanksgiving CHAP VI. The King of Aragon conquers Majorca and all its Dominions Great Troubles in Aragon The Rebels suppress'd An Vniversal Plague The Knights of Calatrava at Variance at length reconcil'd DUring the time of the War in Andaluzia the King of Majorca was depriv'd of his Kingdom by Peter the Ceremonious King of Aragon who ought chiefly to have protected him The City Montpellier in France was subject to the Kings of Majorca for which place the Kings of France pretended the others ought to do them Homage they having bought it of the Bishops of Magalone to whom of right it belong'd but those Kings refusing the French by force made themselves Masters of many Towns subject to Montpellier and put Garrisons into them The King of Majorca being a Dependant on the Crown of Aragon begg'd assistance of that King The Aragonian cunningly temporiz'd with the King of France and gave the other nothing but good Words At length they met and the Aragonian promis'd to aid his Kinsman in case the King of France should refuse to put the Difference between them to Judgment Embassadors were sent on this Message but this was only to gain time or mean while the King of Majorca was charg'd with many Crimes whether true or false is not known but such as serv'd for a pretence to deprive him of his Crown The Pope and Queen of Naples labour'd in vain to compose these Differences the Mallorquines wasted with heavy Taxes were willing to change their Master At length the War broke out Peter Moncada the Admiral was call'd from the Siege of Algezira and a Fleet of 116 Sail
Castile to try whether his Native Air would recover him Sickly Persons especially at the Point of Death fancy whatever they desire Besides he was solicitous to promote the Interest of Castile on account of his Kindred with that King and as Governour to him during his Minority He also was desirous that Kingdom should cast off Pope Benedict as Aragon had done To this purpose he return'd from Perpignan to Barcelona and at the beginning of the Summer set out for Castile Travelling increas'd his Distemper and he was forc'd to take up at Igualada 6 Leagues from Barcelona There the Physicians gave him over and having receiv'd the Sacraments he dy'd like a good Christian upon the 2d of April He was a Prince endu'd with excellent Perfections of a graceful Presence and dextrous at gaining the good Will of all Men. Some accuse him of being very slow for abandoning Pope Benedict for making his Advantage of the Revenue of Castile for being lavish of his own and covetous of what belong'd to others to supply his Extravagances He reign'd 3 Years 9 Months and 28 Days His Body lies at Poblete in a very mean Tomb. By his Will made some Months before at Perpignan he provided for his Children in this manner To Prince John he gave the Estate of Lara and Medina del Campo also the Town of Monblanc with the Title of Duke in Catalonia and several other Towns To Prince Henry he left Albuquerque and to D. Sancho Montalvan He appointed Alonso his eldest Son Heir to the Crown In case all the Brothers should die without Issue he order'd the Sons and Grandsons of his Daughters Mary and Ellenor should succeed yet excluded the Mothers King Ferdinand's Death was the cause that Castile for some time continu'd to give Obedience to Pope Benedict He had many Friends whom he had oblig'd in Castile and particularly the Arch-bishops of Toledo and Sevil D. Sancho de Rojas and D. Alonso de Exea stickl'd for him Fresh Tumults began in Castile which shew'd how necessary the Prudence and Valour of King Ferdinand had been for the Peace of that Country Queen Catherine immediately entred upon the whole Government of the Kingdom She committed the Education of the King to the Arch-bishop of Toledo and joyn'd with him John de Velasco and James Lopez de Zuniga the chief Justice Many complain'd they had no share in the Preferments given and among them were D. Alonso Enriquez the Admiral and D. Ruy Lopez Davalos the Constable At the beginning of the Year 1417 a Truce was concluded with the King of Granada for two Years by which he was oblig'd every Year to release 100 Christian Slaves The Prelates at the Council of Constance attended to all that was for the Advancement of the Church To pacify the Rebellion in Bohemia and reduce the Hereticks they brought their Heads John Hus and Hierome of Prague to that City having obtain'd them a safe Conduct from the Emperor Heresy once fix'd is hard to be rooted out They both fled from the City and being apprehended by Parties sent out after them were publickly Burnt The Hereticks being punish'd and their Heresy condemn'd the Bishops again apply'd themselves to make up the Divisions in the Church On the 26th of July they excommunicated Pope Benedict who only remain'd of the three and depriv'd him of any Right he could pretend to S. Peter's Chair This Sentence being made publick they proceeded to the Election of a new Pope There were present 22 Cardinals of those that had follow'd the three Popes to these were joyn'd 30 other Electors some of them Bishops the others Men of Note all which were shut up in the Conclave All of them to a Man agreed to the Election of the Cardinal Otho Colonna a Native of Rome This was done on the 11th of November and he took the Name of Martin the Vth. The Joy for this Choice was universal for all Nations laying aside former Prejudices submitted to the new Pope Only the King of Scotland and Earl of Armegnac with some few Cardinals for a while stuck to Pope Benedict but they also in a short time forsook him Soon after the Council was dissolv'd but it was decreed they should meet again within 5 Years and the second time 7 Years after that and then at the end of 10 Years and that for ever after there should be a General Council once in 10 Years The new Pope sent two Cistercian Monks to advise Benedict to submit to the Decree of the Council and admonish his Cardinals to leave him They prevail'd not upon Benedict but his four Cardinals who were Spaniards and whom he had retain'd upon promise of Preferment left him and repair'd to the new Pope at Florence This Year was unhappy to France and no less fortunate to Castile for the renewing of the Voyage to the Canaries by consent of the Queen of Castile by which means John de Betancour a French Man who undertook this Expedition subdu'd 5 of those Islands Menante his Kinsman succeeded him Pope Martin gave the Bishoprick of those Islands to a Fryer call'd Mendo. These two fell at Variance and Peter Barba was sent by the King to compose them He bought the Islands for a Sum of Mony of Menante and sold them again to Peter Peraça a considerable Citizen of Sevil whose Heirs possess'd them till the time of King Ferdinand the Catholick who intirely subdu'd and annex'd them to the Crown of Castile This is what relates to Spain The Misfortunes of France happen'd in this manner Henry the Vth King of England demanded of Charles the VIth of France his Daughter Catherine in Marriage which he refusing King Henry sail'd over into Normandy overthrew the French Army took the Dukes of Orleans and Bourbon Prisoners and after a troublesom Siege made himself Master of Roan the Metropolis of that Province This was not all for Elizabeth Queen of France left her Husband and with her Daughter Catherine fled to Tours whence she sent to the Duke of Burgundy who not only secur'd the Queen and her Daughter but also the King and City of Paris Charles the Dauphin made what Head he could against the English and Burgundians The Dauphin and Duke of Burgundy agreed to have a Conference upon a Bridge over the Seine on the middle of which was a strong Barrier the Dauphin invited the Duke to come over to him and some Words arising kill'd him Whether his Life or Death were most fatal to France is doubtful for his Son Philip to revenge the Death of his Father deliver'd up the City of Paris with the King Queen and Princess Catherine to the English whence ensu'd innumerable Calamities which happen'd later and are forreign to our purpose CHAP. V. The Death of the Queen of Castile Marriages of Princes Prince Henry of Aragon seizes the King of Castile Tumults in that Kingdom Strange Prodigies Many Colledges built in Castile QUeen Ellexor of Aragon
that held out for the French The Garrison of the Castle agreed to surrender upon the same Articles if not relieved in 21 days This same day being the 25th of October the Spanish Army mustered at Castanerola near Bressa It was found above 8000 Foot strong Commendary Solis was left in that City with 1000 Men the rest of the Army marched to besiege the Castle of Bergamo the City being already surrendered Admiral Villamarin sailed from Naples with 7 Galleys to join those of the Pope at Civita Vecchia in order to besiege the Castle of the Lantern at Genoa which held out for the French They found there 3 Galleys of Venice sent to the same effect Four other Galleys the Duke of Genoa had furnished but ill equipped The Siege went on slowly At Marseilles the French had but 6 Galleys and one Galleon The Schismatick Cardinals continued their Council at Lions and made large Offers to several Princes D. Hugo de Moncada Viceroy of Sicily sailed over to Tripoli to give Orders for fortifying that Place The Duke of Urbin lay between Ravenna and Bologna with 500 Men at Arms and 1000 Swiss His Italians who were more numerous daily ravaged the Country but did nothing considerable Maximilian Sforcia stayed at Trent till the French were quite expelled the Dukedom of Milan and the Milaneses had satisfied the Swiss who as they stood firm to his Interest so they would have their share in the Booty The Milaneses agreed to give them 150000 Ducats in hand and 40000 yearly for ever and offered Three Strong-holds in that Dukedom for their Security The Emperor coveted that Dukedom for one of his Grandsons but the Princes of Italy were against it In fine to put an end to all Disorders Maximilian Sforcia entred that City upon the 29th of December immediately preceding the Year 1513. He was received with the Pomp and Joy usually expressed to the former Dukes The Swiss Ambassadors presented him the Keys with much Ceremony Next care was to reduce those Places still held by the French The Marquess of Padula with the Spanish Infantry soon took the strong Castle Trezo on the Banks of the River Abdua That of Novara was surrendered to the Duke's Forces In order to conclude a Peace betwixt the Emperour and the Venetians the Truce which was expired in January was continued till the end of March The Cardinal of Gurse would have the same Conditions the Pope promised the Year before to the Emperour but the Venetians would hear of nothing unless Verona were restored to them It was thought convenient to make War upon them with the Forces of the Emperour Spain and Milan without making mention of the Swiss who it was believed would soon agree with the French through the Negociation of Monsieur de la Trimouille sent to that purpose which was the beginning of new Troubles The Viceroy to secure Milan where the French had still footing and Trivulcio had gathered 5000 Foot more Supplies daily resorting to them placed Prosper Colona at Aste with a good Body of Men to secure that Pass The Catholick King thought it convenient to make use of the Power of England against the French and because the English were not willing to mix with other Men he perswaded that King by the way of Calais to invade Normandy while at the same time he undertook to conquer Guienne and deliver it up to him King Henry fitted out 50 Sail to transport 9000 Foot all choice Men and well Armed and and at the same time sollicited the Catholick King to send him 50 Ships more It was not easie to answer in so many places at once for besides all other things in hand King Ferdinand was sick and Andaluzia in an uproar The occasion of his Sickness was a certain extravagant Potion the Queen made him drink at Medina del Campo in hopes of conceiving so Dr. Carvajal and Peter Martyr relate it as a thing allowed by all Men. The effect of it was such that the King grew very weak and delighted in nothing but being in the Woods His Disease daily encreased he had fainting Fits and Signs of a Dropsie Andaluzia mutinied upon the death of Henry Duke of Medina Sidonia He had a Sister by the same Father and Mother called Mencia and married to D. Peter Giron and also a Brother only by the Father's side called D. Alonso Perez de Guzman In his Will he appointed his Sister to Inherit affirmming the Second Marriage of his Father was invalid Upon this account D. Peter Giron thought to possess himself of that Estate and secure◠Medina and Sidonia The Lady Ellenor de Zun̄iga Stepmother to D. Mencia and the late Duke stood up for her Son who had the true Title and the King favoured his Cause intending he should marry the Lady Anne of Aragon Daughter to the Archbishop of Zaragoça This Dispute was like to be decided by force of Arms both Parties having powerful Supports Justice prevailed and the Brother of the Duke carried the Estate Gonçalo Marin̄o commanded at Bugia and Martin Argote at Oran as Lieutenant to the Marquess of Comares Some Skirmishes hapned with the Moors but nothing remarkable only that Muley Abdalla with some Forces came up to Bugia and burnt the Suburbs No part was left standing but one Tower where the Jews saved themselves Gon\l = c \alo Marin̄o breaking the Articles concluded with the Moors was the cause of this Misfortune for which he was removed from that Post and D. Raymund Carroz sent in his Place CHAP. VI. Pope Julius dies Leo X. Succeeds him The Truce betwixt Spain and France The War in Navarre and Revolutions at Genoa POpe Julius being sick and his Recovery despaired of Advice was sent to Milan Florence Siena and Luca to secure the Roads that the Schismatick Cardinals might not come to the Conclave At length the Pope died on the 20th of February The People mutinied at Rome and there was great Contention betwixt the Coloneses and the Ursini The Monastery of S. Paul of Benedictine Monks was plundered and other disorders committed Hierome Vic the Spanish Ambassador contributed much to pacifie the Multitude On the 4th of March the Cardinals entred the Conclave having first discharged the Son of the Duke of Mantua kept as a Hostage till then and on the 11th by Votes of almost all of them Cardinal John de Medicis was chosen Pope and took the Name of Leo X. That very day he declared he would continue in the League and bring the Emperor and King of England into it The Cardinals Carvajal and Sanseverino who were at Lions but in no great Esteem designed to go into Italy and get into the Conclave Prosper Colona favoured them and designed himself to go to Rome and have a Pope of his own creating But the Viceroy would not suffer him to go lest he should raise some Mutiny and put a restraint upon the Conclave The Cardinals came in a Galeon to Leghorn but
Africa but the truth was they undertook this War at the Instigation of the French King whose Embassadors were aboard the Fleet. Anno 1552. Four Divines or Ministers of Wittemberg the chief of whom was Brencius came to Trent They presented to the Council a Book called the Wittemberg Confession All this was only to amuse the Council till such time as Duke Maurice had raised Men and made other warlike Preparations On the 2d of April News was brought to Trent that he had seized the City Ausburg and that the Emperor was in danger at Inspruck which caused the Council on a sudden to break up On the other side Albertus Marquis of Brandenburg possessed himself of Treves and the French of all Lorrain The Emperor was much perplex'd not being able to withstand so many Enemies He resolved to release the Duke of Saxony and the Landtgrave which pacified Duke Maurice On the Borders of Italy whither in the first Consternation he retired Forces flock'd to him from all Parts However he pardon'd the Marquis of Brandenburg designing to make use of him against the French This done he laid Siege to Metz with a great Army on the 20th of October but many of his Men perishing by reason of the badness of the Weather he was forced to quit that Enterprize On the 2d of December this Year departed this Life the Blessed F. Francis Xaverius as he was going to China He was a Native of Navarre and one of the Ten first Companions of S. Ignatius He preached among the barbarous People of India Japan and other Parts and was doubtless a Man of singular Sanctity and admirable in his Life His Body is preserved entire in the Church of his Order at Goa he being Canonized D. Peter de Toledo was Viceroy of Naples at such time as Ferdinand de Sanseverino Prince of Salerno caused the Turkish Fleet under the Command of Rustan Bassa to come against that City His Treason being discover'd he fled to Venice for which cause the Fleet returned to Constantinople without attempting any thing Only near the Island Ponça they met Andrew Doria overthrew his Fleet and took 7 of his Galleys The Prince of Salerno having declared himself went away to the Port to incite him the next Year to send another Fleet. The Emperor had put a Garison into Siena under the Command of D. James de Mendoza upon occasion of the Tumults and Factions in that City and to prevent its being deliver'd to the French D. James for his greater security raised a Fort for the Garison The Citizens suspecting this tended to deprive them of their Liberty put themselves under the Protection of France and then taking Arms expelled the Garison razing the Fort from the very Foundations which necessitated them to prepare for the ensuing War and for the Siege which was laid to the Place by D. Peter de Toledo in pursuance of the Emperor's commands This Year died at Florence Paulus Jovius at Ferrara Lillus Gregorius Giraldus and at Salamanca Ferdinand Pincianus the Greek Commentator Anno 1553. King Edward of England departed this Life on the 16th of July his Sister Queen Mary succeeded him tho opposed by many She being possessed of the Crown restor'd the Catholick Religion D. Peter de Toledo lying at the Siege of Siena died in the House of his Son-in-Law Cosmo de Medicis Duke of Florence His Forces return'd to Naples upon a Report of the approach of the Turkish Fleet under the command of the afore-mention'd Prince of Salerno This Fleet appear'd before Naples but there happening no Mutiny in the City it sailed on to Corsica great part whereof the Turks possessed themselves of it being subject to the Genoeses This Year John Prince of Portugal Married Joanna the Emperor's Daughter with great Solemnity but the Joy of this Match was not lasting Anno 1554. Before a Year was gone about after his Marriage the said Prince John died at Lisbon the 2d of January His Body was buried at the Monastery of Bethlem near Lisbon On the 20th of January his Wife was deliver'd of a Son who of the Day of his Birth was called Sebastian He was of a Noble and truly Royal Spirit but lived not long His Mother went away to Castile to govern those Kingdoms because her Brother Prince Philip was going away to be Married The new Queen of England desiring to secure her self in the Throne thought fit to chuse a Resolute and Powerful Husband and found none fitter for her purpose than Philip Prince of Spain to whom the Emperor his Father had on the last of October before resign'd up the Kingdom of Naples and Dukedom of Milan All Points being adjusted the Prince went over into England where the Marriage was Solemnized at Winchester on the 25th of July being St. James's Day Cardinal Reginald Poole was present being the Pope's Legate of the Blood Royal of England and great Sanctity of Life to reduce that Kingdom as he did to the Obedience of the Church of Rome Our Forces return'd to the Siege of Siena and the Marquis de Marignano the Emperor's General overthrew in Battel near that City Peter Strozzi a Banish'd Florentin sent by the French King with Forces to relieve the Besieged and drive the Imperialists out of Milan Anno 1555. Pope Julius died at Rome the 23d of March and on the 10th of April Cardinal Marcellus Gerninus born at Montepulchiano was chosen to succeed him and kept his former Name He held S. Peter's Chair only 22 days wherefore on the 23th of May Cardinal John Peter Garrasa born at Naples of noble Birth and a great Spirit was Elected in his room He took the Name of Paul IVth and governed the Church 4 Years 2 Months and 27 Days At length the City Siena tired with the Miseries of a long Siege was surrendred to the Emperor D. Francis de Mendoça Cardinal of Burgos was sent from Rome to settle the Government of that City At the Suit and Intercession of Cardinal Alexander Farnesius the Emperor pardoned his Brother Duke Octavius but kept in his hands the Citadel of Plasencia where a Spanish Garrison was left which King Philip the Second some Years after withdrew D. Ferdinand of Toledo Duke of Alva was at this time Viceroy of Naples he was ordered to march to Milan to oppose the Mareschal de Brissac who made War on that side for the King of France tho not with much vigor King Philip the Summer being well advanced departed out of England and came to Brussels where the Emperor his Father resigned up to him all his Kingdoms being desirous to take his repose as he accordingly did the Year following when having given up the Empire to his Brother Ferdinand he with his two Sisters the two Queens Ellenor and Mary went over into Spain and made choice for his retreat of the Monastery of S. Justa of the Order of S. Hierome in the territory of Plasencia
16 Of Gravelling 17 Of Lepanto 21 Bell Rings of it self 89 Berga in Catalonia recovered 72 Brasil recovered 37 Breda taken 37 Bulls for Portugues Bishops refused by the Pope 68 C. Cadiz Plundered by Drake 29 Calais taken 17 Calvin and Beza 19 Caracena Marquess General against Portugal 90. Catalonia Rebels Portugal follows the Example 43 Catherine Queen of Portugal Dies 24 Cazal Besieged 37 Taken 63 Ceremony of Contracting the Spanish Princess to the King of France 90 Cessation of Arms betwixt France and Spain 80 Chaldeans their Conversion 38 Change of Religion in England 7 Charles I. in Spain 2 His Sister Married to Emanuel King of Portugal Is chosen Emperor Crowned 3 Returns into Spain 4 Marries the Sister of the King of Portugal 6 Crowned Emperor 7 Arms against the Turks 8 In France 9 Abdicates 16 Charles II. King of Spain Proclaimed 98 Charles Prince of Wales in Spain 36 Christian League against the Turk 21 Christiern King of Denmark expelled 4 Civil Wars in Swisserland 8 Clement Pope Dies 8 31 Clement IX chosen Pope 93 Collation of great Offices 95 Comet 22 24 Commotions in Portugal 42 Composition betwixt France and Spain 7 Concessions for Reducing Hereticks 13 Condê Prince in Catalonia 46 Conferences for Peace 80 Conspiracy against the French King 27 Conti Prince takes Ville-Franche 68 Conversion of Ethiopia 56 Cortes of Aragon 37 Of Castile 44 Of Aragon and Valencia 44 Cosmo Created Great Duks of Tuscany 21 Council of Trent 11 Openea 12 Breaks up 13 Sunnnoned again 14 Opened again 18 Court at Valladolid 30 D. Dauphin of France Marries the Queen of Scots 17 Death of 2 Kings and a Queen 13 Of 2 Popes 28 Of the Princess Governess of Flanders 39 Defeat of the French in Sardinia 41 Of the French at Valenciennes 73 Diet at Ausburg 7 At Worms 9 Discovery of Cathay and Tibet 36 Disputes about Religion in Germany 10 Betwixt Catholicks and Hereticks 12 About Religion in France 18 Diu Besieged by the Turks 9 Downfall of the Sultans of Egypt 2 Drake attempts Cadiz 27 Plunders the Coast of America 29 Dukes of Savoy and Mantua Die 41 Dunkirk gained 64 Taken by the French and English 76 Dutch and Turks Defeated 36 Dutch in Brazil 36 Routed 42 E. Earthquake 21 32 42 Ebora made an Archbishoprick 10 Edward King of England Dies 15 Elizabeth Queen of England 17 Excommunicated 20 Elizabeth Queen of Spain Dies 44 Emanucl King of Portugal Dies 4 Embassy into England 31 From a Black King 76 Emperor and King of England in League against France 11 Empress Dies 10 Empress in Spain 25 Enterprizes on the Frontiers of Portugal 83 English Fleet Invades Hispaniola 71 Escurial finished 28 Etna Mount 25 Exploits of Mallorquines 75 F. Ferdinand King of Spain Dies 1 Ferdinand chosen King of the Romans 7 Ferdinand Prince Archbishop of Toledo 34 Feria Duke in Alsace 39 Final betrayed 31 Floods 37 Francis King of France taken by the Imperalists 5 Released 6 French King in Italy 1 French King and Emperor meat 9 French King's Sister Married to the Prince of Navarre 22 French King takes Towns in Flanders 93 French and Turks take Nice 11 French in Biscay 4 Invade Savoy 9 In Lorrain 38 Overthrown 42 Join with the Rebels 43 In Italy 46 Decline in Catalonia 58 In Catalonia with the Rebels 65 Pass the Pyreneans 67 Join with the English 74 Obliged to quit the Siege of Alexandria 74 Begin the War in Flanders 93 Galeons destroyed 71 General defection of the Low-Countries 24 Great Eclipse 11 Great Flooas 16 43 and 76 Great Jubilee 30 Great Tax 31 Gregorian Account 25 Gregory Pope Dies 26 Gregory XV. Pope 35 Dies 36 Guize Duke Murdered by the Huguenots 18 Guize Duke put to death 27 Guize Duke set at Liberty 69 Gustavus Adolphus 38 Killed 39 H. Hard Winter 44 Henry King of Navarre 2 Henry the Cardinal King of Portugal 24 Dies 25 Henry III. King of France Murdered by Clement 28 Henry IV. King of France Murdered by Ravillac 32 Heresie of Martin Luther 2 Hereticks at the Council of Trent 14 Huguenot Rebels twice overthrown 20 James Prince of Spain Dies 26 Jesuits Confirmed by the Pope 10 Jesuits Murdered 20 Innocent X. Pope Dies 69 Innundations in Flanders 7 John III. King of Portugal Marries the Emperors-Sister 5 Dies 16 D. John of Austria at Tunez 22 Made Vicar of Italy 23 In the Low-Countries 24 D. John of Austria at Sea 46 At the Siege of Barcelona 53 Takes Solsona 72 Sent for Flanders 73 Takes S. Gillain 73 Commands against Portugal 87 83 Takes Aronches and other Places 83 Enters Portugal Takes Borba and Iurumenha 86 Takes Ebora and is Routed 95 Is Lord Lieutenant and Captain General of Aragon 94 Jubilee Year at Rome 37 57 Julius III. Elected Pope 14 Dies 15 K. King of France Dies 23 L. Landresi taken by the French 41 League against the Turks 9 Dissolved 22 Leganez Marquess in Savoy 41 Leganez Marqess destroys many Moors about Oran 15 Leo IX Pope Dies 4 Leo X. chosen Pope 5 Leo XI shosen Pope 31 Leopold the Archduke in Champagne 57 Lerida Recovered 44 Lerma Duke leaves the Government 33 Low-Countries Conspire against Spain 23 M. Malta Besieged by the Turks 19 Mamora taken 32 Marcellus chosen Pope and Dies 15 Margaret King Philip IV. Daughter Married to the Emperor 95 Marriages of Princes 32 Marriage of the Princess of Spain to the Fr. King 90 Martin Luther's Death 12 Martyrdoms in Japan 36 Mary Queen of Portugal Dies 2 Mary Queen of England Marries Philip Prince of Spain 15 Dies 17 Mary Queen of Scots imprisoned 19 Murdered 27 Mary Princess Born 31 Maximilian the Emperor Dies 3 Maximilian Governour of Spain 13 Medices expelled Florence 6 Restored 7 Monserrat Invaded by the Spaniards 47 Monstrous Birth 39 Montmidi Surrendred to the French 74 Moriscoes Rebell in Spain 20 Banished 32 Mortara Marquess attacks the French and is repulsed 76 Mortality 28 Murder Commited by a Woman 92 Mutiniers Punished 28 N. Naples Besieged 6 Navarre Pacified 1 Over-run by the French 3 Netherlands given to the Princess Elizabeth 22 New Governour in the Low-Countries 22 New Passage into the South Sea 33 F. Nitard sent from Court 94 O. Olivenca taken from the Portugues 44 Orange Prince Heads the Rebels in Holland 20 Wounded 25 Killed 26 Ormuz taken by the Persians 36 Ossuna Duke makes an Irruption into Portugal 77 His Actions there 84 Again in Portugal 95 Overthrow of the French 5 45 Of the Saxons 13 Overtures of Peace betwixt Spain and Portugale 91 P. Pantheon finished 67 Parma Prince successful against the Rebels in the Low-Countries 26 Paul III. Pope Dies 14 Paul IV. Pope 15 Paul V. Pope Dies 37 Peace betwixt France and Spain 17 Betwixt Spain and England 31 With Oliver Cromwell 70 Concluded 89 Concluded with Portugal 94 Penol in Africk taken 19 Perfidious Act of Portugueses 70 Pemambuco taken by the Dutch 38 Perpignan taken by the French 43
King of England D. Frederick the Admiral discovered the Prince's Designs to the King of Aragon He sent for him to Lerida where the Cortes of Catalonia then sate and those of Aragon at Fraga He was advised not to go but resolved to obey and was received with Demonstrations of Love but presently after committed to Prison notwithstanding he loudly complained of Breach of Faith and the Designs of his Mother-in-Law The Nobility associated themselves engaging never to give over till their Prince were set at Liberty CHAP. II. War renewed by the Moors of Granada the Prince of Viana imprisoned and released his Death the Rebellion of Catalonia also in Navarre the Kings of France and Castile meet THE Peace established with the Moors having lasted about Three Years was now broken Ismael King of Granada had Two Sons Albohaçen and Boabdelin Albohaçen desiring to exercise his Valour gathered 2500 Horse and 15000 Foot with this Force he entred the Territory of Estepa in Andaluzia did great Mischief and drove away a vast number of Cattel Roderick Ponçe Son to the Earl of Arcos being informed hereof with the Assistance of Luis Pernia Commandant at Osuna mustered about 260 Horse and 600 Foot and marched after the Enemy who was going off in disorder and fearing no Encounter It seemed a Madness for so small a Number to engage that Multitude but D. Roderick from an Eminence observing that part of the Moors with the Booty had passed the River called De las Yeaguas and only the Horse remained behind commanded the Trumpets to â—and and his Men to fall on The Christians charged the Moors who were divided into three Bodies and received them with Resolution The Fight lasted long but at length the Moors were put to the Rout and 1400 of them slain Of the Christians 30 Horse and 150 Foot were killed Our Men quartered that Night at a place called Fuente de Piedra and being next day gathering the Plunder saw the Cattel coming towards them in great Flocks At first they imagined the Enemy had rallied but it soon appeared that the Cattel being left was returning as naturally they will towards their own Pasture The Peace thus broken Incursions were made on both sides but nothing remarkable happened Only D. John de Guzman first Duke of Medina Sidonia prepared to besiege Gibraltar nothing discouraged by the Misfortune of his Father The War raised against the King of Aragon in his own Dominions was more dangerous The Catalonians sent Deputies to beg of him to set at liberty the Prince of Viana He refused and from Words they came to Blows A great Number of Men set out from Barcelona and possessed themselves of Fraga on the Borders of Aragon Gonçalo de Saavedra sent by the King of Castile to the Assistance of the Catalonians with 1500 Horse was a great Encouragement to them D. John de Cabrera Earl of Modica in Sicily was General of the Catalonians On the other side D. Luis de Biamonte was on the Frontiers of Navarre with a good Body ready to enter Aragon if the King would not grant their Request Necessity obliged him to set his Son free on the First of March 1461. ordering the Queen his Mother-in-Law to conduct him from Morella where he was Prisoner to Villafranca There he was delivered to the Catalonians who nevertheless would not admit the Queen into Barcelona tho' they laid down their Arms. Yet for all this contrary to his Father's Will they swore to him as Heir to that Principality obliged his Father to declare him Governor of all his Dominions a Dignity usually given to the eldest Sons of those Kings and to consent that he should be Absolute in Catalonia These were hard Terms but there was no other way to appease the Catalonians Now again the Treaty of Marriage between Prince Charles and the Princess Elizabeth of Castile was hotly pursued and it was looked upon as good as concluded whereupon the Prince sent to Compliment the Princess and her Mother War broke out at the same time in Navarre for Charles Artieda as soon as the Prince was at liberty seized in his Name the Town of Lumbier in that Kingdom D. Alonso afterwards Duke of Villahermosa sent by the King besieged and furiously battered that Place The Prince's Party was weak but the King of Castile sent Roderick Ponçe and Gonçalo de Suavedra with Forces who raised the Siege Greater Preparations were making to continue that War when the News was spread abroad that the Queen was with Child This pleased some yet others gave out she was with Child by D. Beltran de la Cueva but it could never be proved whether this were true or that it was only so allowed afterwards in favour of King Ferdinand when he came to the Crown D. Alonso de Fonseca the Archbishop was sent from Court on pretence of doing him Honour to reside at Valladolid and Govern the Kingdom whilst the King was absent at the War he designed in Navarre This was done by the Advice of his Competitor the Marquiss de Villena who removed him from the King hoping thereby to become absolute in his Favour and promised to reduce the Disaffected Nobility particulary the Archbishop of Toledo and the Admiral for the Master of Calatrava had already submitted and was raising Men for the War in Navarre As soon as D. Alonso de Fonseca was gone to Valladolid the Marquiss de Villena went into the Kingdom of Toledo and at the same time the Master of Calatrava came to Aranda de Duero with 2500 Horse With that Force the King of Castile marched towards Almaçan The Aragonians were much alarmed but the Army marched away towards Navarre and in May came to LogronÌ„o a great Town in the Territory of Rioja there having received Supplies from all Parts they advanced into Navarre The Town of St. Vincent and Guardia surrendered Viana was besieged and at last delivered up by Peter Peralta who was Governour thereof and Constable of Navarre Lerin was very strong and could not be taken D. Alonso Son to the King of Aragon took the Town of Arbacuca by assault all the Castillian Garison being killed or taken All these high Designs came to nothing by the death of Charles Prince of Viana at Barcelona It was supposed Trouble and Toil was the cause of his death but the Biamonteses could never be persuaded but he had a slow Poison given him in Prison He died on the 23d of September begged pardon of his Father at the Hour of his death and was buried at Poblete He lived 40 Years 3 Months and 26 Days more famous for his Misfortunes than any other thing His Device was Two fierce Mastives fighting for a Bone denoting the Kings of France and Castile between whom Navarre was consumed Other great Men died now as Charles VII King of France His Son Lewis XI succeeded him Prince Henry Uncle to the King of Portugal departed this Life on the 13th of
Spain Great Famine and Earth-quakes Perfidiousness of Duke Valentin The great Captain contrary to his faith given sends Duke Valentln into Spain The great Captain ill represented to the King The Emperor Archduke and King of France join in League League against the Venetians Calamities of Princes Frederick King of Naples dies Elizabeth Queen of Spain dies Differences about the Government of Castile 1505. King Ferdinand becomes odious to the People The Emperor and King Philip of Castile ratifie the Peace with France K. Ferdinand agrees with the French King Mazaliquivir in Africk taken Nobles in Castile for and against K. Philip. Accord twixt the 2 Kings Ferdinand and Philip 1506. King Philip in England Little Faith in King Fernand A bloody mutiny at Lisbon King Ferdinand Marries Queen Joanna King Philip lands in Spain King Philip declares against the Treaty with King Ferdinand Christopher Columbus dies Flemmings and Spaniards disagree Forces raised by Ferdinand Many forsake Ferdinand Ferdinand forced to quit Castile Interview of the Two Kings A League Defensive and Offensive betwixt the Two Kings of Spain Jealousie the cause of King Philip's Queen's Distemper New Troubles in Castile King Ferdinand and his Queen at Zaragoça Jealousies raised against the Great Captain King Philip dies Confusions upon the death of King Philip. Government settled for the present King Ferdinand in Italy He comes to Naples Uncertain Government of Castile Q. Joanna wholly unfit to Govern Embassies to K. Ferdinand at Naples Practices of the Emperor 1507. Q. Joanna delivered of a Daughter Mutiny at Toledo Duke Valentine slain K. John of Navarre subdues his Rebellious Subjects Treaty betwixt the Emperor and King Ferdinand Affairs of Naples setled Fâ—ench King in Italy Interview of the two Kings King Ferdinand returns to Castile The Emperor disgusted with Ferdinand The Emperor proceeds against Milan Malecontent in Andaluzia Punishment of the Mutiniers Penon in Africk taken by the Spaniards Portugueses sustain loss at Azamor but relieve Arzila Conspiracies in Castile discovered League of Cambray Soldans Fleet worsted in India Death of Henry the VII of England Henry the VIII succeeds him Oran in Africk taken Venetians set upon on all sides Venetian Army routed Padua recovered by the Venetians Navarrois and Arragonians make War Accord betwixt the Emperor and K. Ferdinand Ferdinand desires Peace with Venice 1510. Bugia and other places taken by the Spaniards Goa in India taken by the Portugueses Vincenza taken by the Imperialists The Pope seizes the Lands of the Duke of Ferrara Cortes or Parliament held at Monçon Investiture of Naples granted to K. Ferdinand D. Garcia de Toledo sent with Forces into Africk Rout of the Spaniards in Africk King Ferdinand assists the Pope Cardinals fall of from the Pope Jealousies of Princes 1511. The Pope pressed to call a general Council Agreement betwixt K. Ferdinand and the K. of England The Emperor cannot be separated from France Success of the Portugueses in India The Pope in vain labours for an accommodation with France League for defence of the Church The War in Italy King of England prepares to invade France Bergamo and Bressa return to the Obedience of the Venetians Venetians overthrown by the French King and Queen of Navarre excommunicated The French advance towards the Confederates Preparations for the Lateran Council Swissers descend into Italy Grounds of the War in Navarre The Duke of Alva enters Navarre Navarre 〈…〉 Ferdinand French decline in Italy Florence Siena and Luca join with the Confederates Great Captain forbid to pass into Italy 〈◊〉 invaded by the French 〈…〉 Bressa taken by the Viceroy Duke Maximilian Sforcia recovers Milain 1513. Pope Julius dies Leo X. chosen Peace betwixt France and Venice A Truce betwixt France and Spain Actions in Navarre Revolutions at Gema Rendezvouz of French at Aste Swisse rout the French K. Henry of England takes Theourenne and Tournay Azaomr taken by the Portugueses Venice Canonaded Queen of France dies Truce betwixt Spain and France prolonged Preparations of the Turk against Italy An Ambassador from Ethiopia arrives in Portugal Luis King of France dies 1515. Alonso de Albequerque his Actions in India 4000 Portugueses slain in Africk Milan recovered by the French Overthow of the Swiss Great Captain ordered to be apprehended Barbarossa besieges Bugia in vain Great Captain dies 1516. K. Ferdinand dies French K in Italy Swiss routed Spaniards expelled Millan K. Ferdinand dies Navarre pacified Henry King of Navarre Mary Qu. of Portugal dies Cardinal Adrian K. Charles in Spain Downfal of the Sultans of Egypt Heresy of Martin Luther K. Charles his Sister married to Emanuel K. of Portugal Maximilian dies Charles the Fifth chosen Emperor Charles the Fifth Crowned Rebellion in Spain Navarre over-run by the French French in Biscay Emanuel K. of Portugal dies Pope Leo dies Adrian chosen Pope Return of the Emperor into Spain K. Christiern expell'd Denmark Death of Pope Adrian Leo the X. chosen Pope Overthrow of the French John King of Portugal marries the Emperors Sister Francis K. of France taken by the Imperialists Accord betwixt Spain and France K. Francis released The Emperormarries the Sister of the K. of Portugal Practices against the Emperor Turks over run Hungary Rome sacked Medicis expelled Florence Prince Philip sworn Heir of Castile Naples besieged Doria quits the French tervice Composition betwixt Fra. and Spain Agreement with Portugal Vienna besieged Coronation of the Emperor Diet at Ausburg Medicis restor'd to Florence Ferdinand chosen K. of the Romans Inundations in Flanders Change of Religion in England CivilWars in Swisserland The Emperor arms a-against the Turks Pope and Emperor meet at Bolonia Pope and King of France meet at Marseilles Pope Clement dies Paul III. succeeds Tuncz taken by the Emperor French invade Savoy Emperor in France Three things remarkable Diet at Worms Diu besieged by the Turks League against the Turks Truce for 10 Years French K. and Emp. meet The Empress dies Rebellion of Ghent Ebora made an Archbishoprick Jesuits confirmed By the Pope Disputes about Religion in Germany Council of Trent Swarms of Locusts Prince Philip Governour of Spain French and Turks take Nice A great Eclipse Barbarussa ravages the Coasts of Italy Emperor and King of England in League against France Marriage of Prince Philip. Proceedings against Hereticks Council of Trent opened Martin Luther's death Disputes betwixt Catholicks and Hereticks Death of two Kings and a Qu. Overthrow of the Saxons Council of Trent breaks up Concessions for reducing Hereticks Maximilian Governour of Spain Rise of the Xerifes in Africk Pope Paul dies Julius III. Elected Council of Trent again summoned War in Flanders Hereticks at the Council of Trent S. Francis Xaverius Turkish Fleet at Naples Siena expells the Imperialists Edward K. of England dies Birth of Prince Sebastian of Portugal Mary Qu. of England Marries Philip Pr. of Spain Julius dies Marcellus succeeds he dies and Paul IV. is chosen Pope Siena surrendred to the Emperor Abdication of the Emperor Truce betwixt France and
in Poverty yet wickedly and hated by all Men. Thus he soon endured the Punishment of his short Pleasure being severely chastized by the Hand of God as he had well deserved The End of the Two and Twentieth Book The History of SPAIN BOOK XXIII CHAP. I. The Councel of Mantua Beginnings of Tumults in Castile War at Naples betwixt the Aragonians and House of Anjou Scanderbeg Prince of Epirus comes to the Assistance of Ferdinand King of Naples POpe Pius the Second having appointed a General Councel to meet at Mantua a great number of Bishops from all Parts and Ambassadors of Princes repaired thither as did the Pope himself His only Care was to stir up all Christendom to unite its Forces against the Common Enemy David Emperor of Trebizonde a City in Asia the Lesser upon the Euxine Sea Ussumcassanus King of Armenia and George who stiled himself King of Persia offered great Numbers of Horse and Foot and a mighty Fleet but there was little Confidence to be reposed in their Promises The Western Countries were so entangled with Broils and Confusions at home that little could be hoped from them Notwithstanding all these Difficulties the Pope was not discouraged but resolved to use his utmost Endeavours to promote the Holy War and therefore in a full Assembly of those that came to the Councel made a most Learned Speech laying before them how great a Reproach to Christianity the loss of the Eastern Empire had been and how much nearer since that time the Danger threatned all the Western Part of the World He pressed for some Prince to encourage that War by taking upon him to be General and then offered to carry the Cross before them himself His Words moved the Auditory but the Ambassadors of Princes wasted the Time in Private Controversies Particularly John Duke of Lorrain Son to Renee Duke of Anjou complained that the Pope had given the Investiture of the Kingdom of Naples to Ferdinand his Enemy Thus nothing was done to any purpose only a Verbal Decree was made for carrying on the War The Pope published a Bull in which contrary to his own Opinion at the Councel of Basil he ordains That none shall Appeal from the Pope to a General Councel Thus the Councel was dissolved the Eighth Month after the opening of it The Aragonian Ambassadors after the Councel broke up went away to Naples to Congratulate with the new King upon his Accession to that Crown InÌ„igo Lopez de Mendoça the Ambassador of Castile obtained of the Pope a Jubilee for all that gave certain Alms employed to build at Tendilla a Monastery of Friars of St. Isidorus of the Invocation of St. Ann. Mean while the City Guadalajara was taken from his Brother James de Mendoça he having possessed himself of it wrongfully John Fernandez Galindo a famous Officer surprized it with 600 Horse This the Nobles took for a new Cause of Discontent and combined against the King D. â—â—ederick the Admiral heightned their Discontents He sollicited his Son-in-Law the King of Aragon to join with the Seditious Nobility and make War upon Castile With him joined the Archbishop of Toledo D. Peter Giron Master of Calatrava and the Families of Manrique and Mendoça Their Pretence was to reform the Government D. Alonso de Fonseca Archbishop of Sevil gave the King an Account of these Practices As a Reward for this good Service the Archbishoprick of Santiago vacant by the Death of D. Roderick de Luna was given to a Kinsman of his called also Alonso de Fonseca who was Dean of Sevil. D. Luis Osorio had then possessed himself of the Revenues of that Church confiding in the Power of his Father the Earl of Trastamara None but a Person of great Authority could reduce him and therefore the two Archbishops changed Sees by the King's Consent The Church of Pamplona upon the Death of D. Martin de Peralta was given to Cardinal Besarion a Greek but very Learned and of a godly Life The Troubles of Naples were the chief Thing that disturbed Pope Pius otherwise wholly bent upon the Holy War The War began again to break out betwixt John the Son of Renee and the new King Ferdinand most of the Neapolitan Nobility as given to Change favouring the House of Anjou The first that appeared in Arms was Anthony Centellas Marquis of Croton who having got his Liberty meditated Revenge but the King was too quick and again laid him in Prison Martin Marciano tho married to Ellenor the King's Sister headed the Rebels many joined with him among whom the chief were the Prince of Taranto Anthony Cardora and John Paul Duke of Sora. Francis Sforcia Duke of Milan being at the Councel of Mantua advised the Pope to enter into League with King Ferdinand for that the French being expelled Italy all Difficulties that obstructed the War with the Turks would be easily surmounted The Pope approved of this Councel but it was not easily to be put into Execution for that King Ferdinand was then besieged in Barletta a City of Apulia and knew not well how to defend himself The Pope would send him no Relief because the Enemy had secured all the Avenues by Land Therefore he sent to George Scanderbeg Prince of Epirus then a most Renowned General who understanding the Pope's Will sent before Coicus Strosius with 500 Albanian Horse and soon after gathering a good Fleet sailed to Ragusa and thence to Barleta Immediately upon his Arrival the Rebels raised the Siege King Ferdinand having joined the Succours sent him by the Pope and Duke of Milan overthrew his Enemies in Battel and soon recovered the Towns that held for them Scanderbeg having spent a Year in this Expedition returned home well satisfied with the King who gave him and his Heirs the City Trani and the Castles of St. John and Siponto After this he obtained several Victories over the Turks and died at the end of Seven Years leaving a Son called John under the Care of the Venetians Nevertheless he ordered him till he could recover his Principality to live at Naples upon what Estate that King had given him From him is descended the most Noble Family of the Castriots Marquisses of Civita de Santangelo in the Kingdom of Naples In Spain Charles Prince of Viana having obtained Pardon for himself and his Followers and the Promise of a competent Revenue for his Maintenance came from Majorca to Barcelona on the 22d of March 1460. It was proposed to marry him with Catherine Sister to the King of Portugal When the Match was as good as concluded the King of Castile took it off offering him his Sister Elizabeth with Assurance of obtaining what he desired of his Father with the Assistance of Castile Hereupon Prince Charles no farther thought of the Match with Portugal and the Princess Catherine went into the Monastery of S' Clare at Lisbon where she ended her Days at such time as it was designed to marry her to Edward IV.