who was the true Pope and yet the Succession of their Popes is infallible CHAP. VII 1. The deposing of Charles the Third le simple King of France 2. The Murder of Edmund and Edward the Martyr Kings of England 3. The Murders of Malcolme of Duffe of Culene of Kenneth the Third Kings of Scotland Sect. 1. The deposing of Charles the Third le simple King of France BUt now leaving off the quarrels and seditions amongst the Popes themselves at Rome let us move a little Northwards and see what Loyalty and Obedience we can finde towards Temporal Princes and France in the first place offers it self where passing by some troubles we behold b An. 892. Charles le simple in the Throne a well meaning King and Religious But against him Robert brother to Eudes and Major-domo and Grand-father to Hugh Capet gets a party and hath himself Crown'd King of Rheims by Merivee Archbishop of that City Charles informed of this marcheth against him both the Armies meet neer Soissons fight in which Robert is slain some say by Charles himself Dâ— Bussâ—eres tom 1. pag. 477. who ran his Lance into his mouth and through his tongue However though Charles here remain'd victorious yet by negligence or too much fear or confidence he lost all for instead of prosecuting his Victory he desired peace and assistance of a Oâ— Heribert Hebert Earl of â—ermandois or St. Quentin his enemy and Cousin to Robert b An. 923. Heribert glad of this desires Charles to come to St. Quentin that they might the better consult about his safety Charles thinking all promises to be true consents and freely goeth thither Herbert perceiving him now in his power seiseth upon him and tells him that France must now consult for a wiser King so he is carryed to the Castle of Thierry thence to Soissons where the Parliament being Chaâ—â—eau-Thierry a Town in â—a Haâ—te Campagne call'd according to Heberts humour the innocent King is deposed and Rodulph by the Frencb call'd Raoul Duke of Burgondy of whom we have formerly heard as King of Italy is declared and Crown'd King of France by Seulfus Archbishop of Rheims which Prelate was c Jo. Chenu Hist Archiepisc Gall. pag. 270. poysoned after by Hebert As for poor Charles sometimes he was favour'd by a little liberty but at last he was clapt up close prisoner in Perone Castle in Picardy where having thus for the space of five years been hurried from prison to prison he d An. 928. dyed being overwhelm'd with grief and the nastiness of his Goal But before I end this story it may be the Reader will not take it amiss if we tell him what device and policie was used by Lewes Son to Charles the simple to make Hebert suffer by his own judgement for his Treason against his Soveraign Eguina the Third Daughter to Edward sirnamed the Elder King of England and Sister to Ethelstan or Adelstan King also of England was married to this Charles the Third sirnamed the simple by whom she had Lewes the Fourth She perceiving the misery of her Husband and King to escape the same danger with her Son Lewes she takes her opportunity and slips into England where they stay with her Brother Athelstan till the people weary of Rebellion and other opportunities settle him in the Throne of France and from his thus living beyond Seas here in England his Country-men call'd him e Ultramarinus or Transmarmus D'oultremer Lewes sirnamed D'oultremer being thus restored was resolved to be revenged on Heribert Count of St. Quentin for the deposing and imprisonment of his Father Charles le simple and having as he thought sufficiently secured himself with his Nobility and People he held a Parliament at Laon composed of his sure Friends and thither as to advise about the good of the Nation Hebert came also amongst the rest In the mean time King Lewes had provided a trusty fellow to whom he gave a Letter written by himself with express Orders to the fellow to put himself into an English Habit and when the Assembly met to come in and bring the Letter as if from the King of England Accordingly the fellow cometh in delivers the Letter which was read whisperingly to the King and whilst the Secretary was thus reading it the King smiled the Nobles at this thinking it to be some jesting business desired of his Majesty the reason Well quoth the King now I perceive the English are not so wise as I took them to be for my Cousin the King of England writes to me that in his Country a labouring man inviting his Landlord or Master to dinner at his house caused him to be slain and now my lords he desires your advice what punishment this fellow deserves and what he should undergo Upon which they with Hebert unanimously declared their Opinions that he should be hang'd that death being most ignominious Whereupon the King turning to Heribert said And thou O Hebert art this false servant who by imprisonment murder'd in the Castle of Perone thy Lord and Master King Charles my father and so receive thy reward according to thine own judgement At this the Kings Officers provided on purpose come in seise upon Hebert carry him out to a Mountain close by where he was hang'd or strangled from which action they say the Hill is to this day call'd Mont-Hebert a Tom. 1. p. 693. § 9 10. Dupleix will have Heribert to dye a natural death and is very angry with de Serres for asserting this story though I can assure him that Serres was neither the first nor onely Author of this Passage for before him b De l'estar de France l. 1. fol. 56. du Haillan hath it and long before him again we have it told at large by c De gestis Franc. l. 5. fol. 40. Robertus Gaguinus but however it be there is no stress of any business lyeth upon it Sect. 2. The Murder of Edmund and Edward the Martyr Kings of England BUt now let us look a little neerer home where we finde Edmund Brother to Ethelstan raigning in England and commended for his good Government and Laws yet was he murder'd but Hollinshead lib. c. 21. Speed l. 7. c. 39. Jo. Trevisa l. 6. fol. 290. how Authors will not agree some say that being at his Mannor of Puclekirks in Glocestershire seeing one of his Servants in danger at a quarrel stepping in to save his Servant was himself d An. 946. slain Others will have it that at the same place keeping a Feast upon St. Augustine Archbishop of Canterbury his day and seeing one Leof whom for his misdemeanors he had formerly banished the land and now return'd without license sitting at Table neer him was so inraged to see such an Outlaw in his presence that he suddenly rose from the Table fell upon Leof took him by the hair and threw him to the ground but the Villan having fast
and dated his Letters from the year of his Popedom And now I talk of datings I might speak here of Philip the First of France of his Excommunication An. 1100. and how some would thence conclude that he was thereby deprived from his Kingdom and bring for a proof some datings not with the Raign of the King but the year and Rule of Christ under this form Regnante Christo But seeing c Hist de France tom 2. p. 89. § 5. Scipion Dupleix slights it as of no validity and that vastly read David Blondellus hath in a particular large a De formulae Regnante Christo usu Treatise shewn its mistake and that such Forms have been many times used when no Excommunication or Censure obliged it I shall not trouble the Reader nor my self any farther with it CHAP. III. 1. The Kings of England denyed the Popes Coercive Authority over them or their Dominions 2. The troubles of England by the arrogancie and obstinacie of Thomas à Becket against his Soveraign King Henry the Second Sect. 1. The Kings of England denyed the Popes Coercive Authority over them or their Dominions HAving now seen in part how the greatest Emperours have been tost about by the Popes it will not be amiss to hint at their indeavours to reduce England to the slavery of their humours and what may we not expect from their pretended grand Spiritual jurisdiction when we shall see an Archbishop and a born Subject too bandy against his Soveraign Henry the Second which story is here related As for England the Pope would be Lord over it as well as other Nations nor did his Religion any way advance the Obedience and Allegiance of Subjects For though one Pope had approved of King William the First his Conquest by sending him a b Speed book 9. c. 2. § 2. consecrated Banner an Agnus Dei and one of St. Peters Hairs in way of his good speed Yet the next Pope viz. Gregory the Seventh demands fealty from him as may appear by the Kings Dr. Geo Hakewell's Answ to Dr. Cariers Letter pag. 141. Answer in Sir Robert Cottons Library Hubertus Legatus tuus Religiose Pater ad me veniens ex tua parte me admonuit quatenus tibi successoribus tuis fidelitatem facerem de pecunia quem Antecessores mei ad Romanam Ecclesiam mittere solebant melius cogitarem unum admisi alterum non admisi fidelitatem facere nolui nec volo quia nec ego promisi nec Antecessores meos Antecessoribus tuis id fecisse comperio Hubert your Legat Holy Father coming unto me advertised me as from you that I was to do fealty to you and your Successors and that I should bethink my self better of the Money which my Predecessors were wont to send the Church of Rome the one I admitted the other I admitted not The fealty I would not perform neither will I because neither my self promised it nor do I finde that my Predecessors performed it to yours Upon which refusal some suppose Gregory returned that furious and uncivil Letter seen amongst his other a Lib. 7. Ep. 1. Epistles to his said Legat Hubert in which he accused the King of Impudence and that he had done more against the Church than all the b Nemo omnium Regni etiam Paganorum contra Apostolicam sedem hoc praesumpsit centare quod is non eâ—ubuâ—â— facere Ib. Pagan Kings themselves had offer'd Nor did his Son King Henry the First acknowledge any subjection to the See of Rome for though Pope Paschal the Second expected it and accordingly thus wrote to him to put him in minde of it Paschalis servus servorum Dei dilecto filio Henrico illustri Anglorum Regi salutem Apostolicam Benedictionem Cum de manu Domini largius honorem divitias pacemque susceperis miramur vehementius gravamur quod in Regno potestateque tua Beatus Petrus in B. Petro Dominus honorem suum justitiamque perdiderit Sedis enim Apostolica Nuntii vel literae praeter jussum Regiae Majestatis nullam in potestate tua susceptionem vel aditum promerentur nullus inde clamor nullum inde judicium ad sedem Apostolicam destinatur Paschal the servant of servants of God to our beloved Son Henry the renowned King of England health and Apostolical Benediction Since you have plentifully received Honour Riches and Peace from the hand of the Lord We exceedingly wonder and take it in ill part that in your Kingdom and under your Government St. Peter and in St. Peter the Lord hath lost his Honour and Right in as much as the Nuntio's and Breves of the See Apostolick are not thought worthy entertainment or admittance into your Dominions without your Majesties Warrant No Complaint now no Appeal comes from thence to the Apostolick See To which King Henry the First after some terms of Complement replies in this manner Eos Honores eam Obedientiam quam tempore Patris mei Antecessores vestri in Regno Anglia habuerunt tempore meo ut habeatis volo eo videlicet tenore ut dignitates usus consuetudines quas Pater meus tempore Antecessorum vestorum in Regno Angliae Ego tempore vestro in eodem Regno meo integre obteneam Notumque habeat Sanctitas vestra quod me vivente Deo auxiliante Dignitates usus Regni Angliae non minuentur Et si Ego quod absit in tanta me dejectione ponerem Optimates mei imo totius Angliae populus id nullo modo pataretur Habita igitur Charissime Pater utiliori deliberatione ita se erga nos moderetur benignitas vestra ne quod invitus faciam à vestra me cogatis recedere obedientia That Honour and Obedience which your Predecessors had in the Kingdom of England during the raign of my Father my will is that you should have in my time with this condition That my self fully and wholly enjoy all the Dignities Prerogatives and Customs which my Father enjoy'd in the said Kingdom in the time of your Predecessors And I would that your Holiness should understand that during my life the Dignities and Prerogatives of the Crown of England by Gods Grace shall not be diminished And if I should so far debase my self which God forbid my Lords and Commons would by no means indure it Wherefore most dear Father upon better advice let your gentleness be so tempered towards us that I be not inforced which I should unwillingly do to withdraw my self from your obedience But to save my self trouble I shall refer the Reader to Sir a Rep. part 5. Edward Coke and Mr. b Hist of the the Popes intolerable Usurpations Prynne where he may abundantly satisfie himself that the Kings of England not onely slighted the Papal Coercive Power but all along exercised Authority in and over Ecclesiastical Causes Though the Pope made it his business to trample upon all Temporal Jurisdiction and make it a meer
at Canterbury as a premonition that no man for the future should lay violent hands on Bishops or their Possessions But if the Statues of all such sacrilegious people were now to be erected neither the Porches nor Churches themselves in all England and Scotland could contain them Old King Henry was now at Argentan in Normandy when news came to him of the Murther which so afflicted him that he was over-whelm'd Bar. anno 1171. § 4. with tears and lamentations changing his Royalty into Hair cloths and Ashes almost for three days together retiring into his private Chamber not receiving either meat or comfort insomuch that the people about him fear'd he would pine away with grief though for the clearing of his innocency he protested a Omnipotentem Deum se testem invocare in animam suam quod opus nefandum nec sua voluntate nec Conscientia commissum est nec artificio perquisitum Baron As Almighty God should judge his soul that that accursed deed was neither acted by his will or consent nor done by any device of his Neither was this any counterfeit or dissembling grief but real and true and that so great that as a b Sa Penitence fut si grande qu'on nec lit point es Histoires que auâ—un Prince Christien ayt faict Penitence avec plus grande humilité Guil. Gazet Hist des Saincts tom 2. pag 980. Romanist confesseth never could any History afford such an Example of Penance and Humility in a Christian Prince For the King did not onely submit himself to the Papal Censures and as they say reject the ancient and wholesome Constitutions which we are told were not long after c Spelman Consil tom 2. pag. 111. confirmed again in the presence of the Popes Nuntios but also the Pope d Bar. an 1173. § 6 7. having Canonized Thomas for a Saint in Heaven Henry to compleat the rest of the Penance e Speed § 75. Bar. an 1174. § 6. injoyn'd him by the Legats went into England and being come within f Speed ib. three or g Fullers Ch. Hist l. 3. four miles of Canterbury clad onely in one woollen Coat went all that long way bare-footed to the Church the bloud running from his tender feet by the piercing and cutting of the sharp stones and in the Church bestow'd a whole day and night in fasting watching and prayer and the next day return'd without eating and drinking all the while bare-footed as he came Nor was this all for he also received on his bare back from the Monks above fourscore lashes with Rods. To such an height of Extravagancie had the awe of Papal Censures and Absolutions flown over the greatest Monarchs though really no way subject either to them or their brutish-Thunderbolts The Kings purse paid for it also by maintaining a great number of Souldiers by the Popes Order in the Holy-Land And what good-will he really had for Thomas may appear by his charity and care for his Relations one of his Sisters call'd Mary she not intending Fullers Ch. Hist l. 3. § 6â— to marry he made Abbess of Berking-Nunnery and another of his Sisters being married to one of the Botelers or Butlers he transplanted with her Husband and Children into Ireland conferring upon them high Honours and rich Revenues from whom the Dukes of Ormond are descended Nor was this all for he founded an Abbey call'd Thomas-Court in Dublin in memory of our Thomas Becket indowing it with large Revenues Thus have we seen the story of Thomas Becket which we have taken out of the Histories writ by his friends and admirers and followed that which hath most probability of Truth And we cannot but suppose that where a man is declared a Martyr for the Church and a Saint in Heaven but that Church-History will be crouded with his commendations by which we can expect but a partial relation at least little or nothing against him it being held an unpardonable crime not to believe with the Pope or to hint any thing against him whom his Holiness hath thrust into Heaven Yet enough may be gathered not onely from those who most commend but also from some ancient Historians whereby we may justly lay the fault rather upon him than his Soveraign For the King looked upon his cause to be so just having all the other Bishops of his Dominions approving of him that he freely offer'd the Controversie to the Tryal even of the a Speed § â—4 Parisian Divines and the Church of France though their King shew'd himself a great friend to Becket But Thomas was so cunning that he would stand to no mans judgement but his own and the Popes for then he was sure to come off Conqueror And if Thomas durst not stand to the determination of those Churches who in all probability understood the business best and to oppose all his own Country Bishops as if none of them were as wise or honest as himself And farther seeing presently after Thomas his death nay and Canonization too it was a strong dispute amongst the Divines beyond Sea whether Thomas was b Caesarius Hist Memorab l. 8. c. 69. damn'd for his Treason or a true Martyr I see no reason why we should be so confident of his Saintship and merits however as to use his bloud for a means to our Salvation as those do who pray c Horae B. Virg. secundum usum Sarum Paris 1534. fol. 53. b. Tu per Thomae Sanguinem quem pro te impendit Fac nos Christe scandere quo Thomas ascendit For Thomas his bloud sake which he for thee did spend Let us O Christ where Thomas is ascend Again when we consider the malapert humour of Thomas with his betters as because the King would not agree to his humour he must accuse him of d Bar. an 1166. § 45. perverse ways as e Id. anno 1167. § 26. criminous that he f § 34. grows worse and worse that he is a g Id. anno 1170. § 25. jugler a corrupt man and a deceiver Again when we consider how all the other Bishops declared him guilty of h Id. anno 1164. § 29. Perjury of i An. 1167. § 45. injuring the King of ingratitude of his rash and preposterous Excommunications that he by k Ib. § 61. his bitter provocations stir'd up the discord that his actions savour nothing of fatherly devotion or pastoral patience and that to the Pope himself they all l Ibid. vindicate the Kings actions And farther when we see the Peers not onely of England but also of France impute the want of peace to his m An. 1168. § 88. arrogancy and those who had been the very Mediators for his peace yet could not but tell him that he was n Ibid. always proud high-minded wise in his own conceipt a follower of his private fancie and opinion and that it was a mischief to the Church that ever he was
used to say to this Lewes a Defenâ—e me gladio ego te desendam verbo Protect me with your Sword and I will defend you with my Pen or learning but the Pope used his usual tool to confute their Arguments viz. cursing and Excommunication In this hurly-burly Lewes makes peace with Frederick his Prisoner year 1325 and sets him at liberty some say that Frederick retain'd the Title of Emperour others deny it however it was they were both good friends by which means the Pope by using more moderation might have shewn himself a good friend to Peace and Christendom But though it seems that these two were agreed on the business Pope John would not by any means permit Lewes to be Emperour but damned him again with his Censures Which made Lewes reject John as much proceeding also against him with his Censures nulling all that he had done against him and at last by advice declares him to be no Pope and so â—asheâ—rs his Holiness which made some wags call him but Presbyter-John or Prester-John which being done he creates a new year 1328 Pope who calls himself Nicholas V. The quarrel having gone so far Frederick of Austria dyeth and year 1329 so Lewes remains alone and peace might have been concluded at an easie rate to which purpose also Lewes himself writes to Pope John but nothing is done in the business and some time after John dyeth and Benedict XII is elected to sit in the Papal Chair year 1335 And in it was he searce warm when he began to follow the footsteps of his Predecessor renewing his Censures against him and approving of and conâ—irming all that John had done However Lewes sends to him that an Agreement might be struck up which year 1336 Benedict seem'd to hearken too but the conditions were so intollerable that the design fell to the ground Yet the Bishops of Germany pitying the distractions and miseries of Christendom by these divisions send also to the Pope to desire him to hearken to peace but the Messengers after long stay return'd home as wise as they went nothing being granted them Lewes seeing nothing would do summons a Diet or Parliment where the state of the Question being canvas'd he vindicateth his Imperial Authority denies the Popes jurisdiction over year 1338 him or it and shews the Incroachments of the Pope The Decree it self being manly not after the Papal Bulls Canting and Quakering stile and worth the reading but too large for this Breviary a Generat 49 pag. 8â—6 887 â—88 I shall refer you to b Nauclerus Benedict dying Clement VI succeeds who also renews the Thunderbolts against Lewes who sends to his Holiness desiring an Agreement Clement shews himself willing provided Lewes will declare himself no Emperour acknowledge all the Errours Heresies 134â— aâ—â—irm'd against him and that he was a Schismatick to renounce all right to the Empire resign it up unto the Pope nor to undertake it again unless the Pope thought good to give it him and farther that Lewes his person and his sons should be at the Popes disposing Lewes his Ambassadors how circumventing I know not subscribe and swear to these intolerable Articles at which the Pope did not a little wonder But when they were brought to Lewes he was amazed to the purpose at such an action done without his acquaintance and forsooth summons a Diet at Franckford where by the unanimous year 1344 voice of all that Assembly these Articles were declared intolerable destructive and pernicious to the Empire and by no means to be consented to though Lewes offer'd himself then ready to obey the Pope if they pleased but they would not yeild upon such harsh and severe conditions Pope Clement informed of this runs to the Papal Dog-trick pulls out his tool of Censure declares Lewes an Heretick Schismatick And Bellaâ—mâ—ne maâ—es thâ—se Câ—nsâ—es an Aâ—gument of the Popes Temporal Authority to depose Princâ—s Bellarm. de Rom. Pont. lib. 5. â—2â— 8. and what not pronounceth him deprived of the Empire curseth all those who take his part for which cause also he deprives Henry III Archbishop of Mentz and commands the Electors to look upon Lewes as no Emperour and so to go to the Election of another recommending to them Charles son to John King of Bohemia Some of the Electors obey the Pope meet and elect accordingly the said Charles which is confirmed by the Pope And not long after to the great comfort of Clement and Charles Lewes unfortunately ended his days by an unluckie â—all from his Horse which was hastned and occasioned by poyson given year 1347 him a little before For whose death Tâ— Deum laudamus was sung to the People Thus after above XXX years troubles and vexations ended Lewes whom I finde grealy commended for his Devotion towards the b Gononus pag. 312. Virgin Mary yet did not Germany injoy peace and happiness for several of the Electors not submitting to Charles elected and sent to Edward III King of England for Emperour but he for some reasons refused it then they chose Frederick Marquess of Misnia who also desired to be excused then by a Majority of the Electors was nominated Gunther Earl of Swarzenburgh who accepted of it and was Crowned and had many followers but he at last being poysoned Charles obtain'd his desires But of these things an hint is sufficient Sect. 4. The strange Tumults acted at Rome by Nicolao di Renzo and Francisco Barencello WHilst these things were acting in Germany there hapned an odd passage in Rome that had it gone on would have alter'd and non-plus'd all the Counsels and Contrivances both of Pope and Emperour which being somewhat strange not unlike the late bravado of Thomas Anello at Naples take it thus in short for a diversion Whilst Lewes Charles and Pope Clement were bandying it for the Empire there started up at Rome one Nicolaus Gabrinus son year 1347 to one Laurentius or Rentius and so by some Italians call'd Nicolao Bzovius Spond di Renzo who was by profession a publick Notary but one well seen in History politick and bold to any undertaking This man considering that the Popes for several years had lived at Avignion at which he knew the Romans to be somewhat discontented took this opportunity perswades the people to redeem their ancient Priviledges and Liberties They apt to change joyn with him whereby he became so strong as to seize upon the Capitol depose the Senators and take all the Government to himself Having thus got absolute Authority and all the people obedient to his beck through an odd humour he would have himself again baptized which was performed with great solemnity in the Lateran Church And the more to advance his own vain-glory in all his Letters and Deeds he appropriated to himself lofty and swelling a Nicolaus candâ—datus Spâ—â—tus Sancti miles severâ—s clemens liberator Uâ—â—is zelator Italiae Amâ—or orbis Tribut us Augustus Titles as the Candate Souldier
of Hungary what dissentions Bzov. 1327. Spond 1330 and broyls that Kingdom was troubled withal by the Popes intermedling with their affairs betwixt whom and the Natives there was no small strife whether they or he should nominate the King What great danger their King Charles I. was in by the treason of one Felicianus who entred the Presence-Chamber draweth his Sword wounds the King cuts off four of the Queens fingers and if he had not been slain by Johannes Palochus had designed to have murdred the King Queen and their Children And from him might I go to Charles II who Lewes I. dying and leaving his Eldest Daughter Mary for Queen by the instigation of some Nobles cometh from Naples and thrust her from the Throne Nor did his injoy this honour long for Elizabeth the Widow of Lewes and Mother to Mary takes her opportunity and invites him to a private meeting where he was slain or poysoned in revenge of which Johannes Banus de Horvath hath the Heads of the Assassinates cut off and Elizabeth drowned in the next River and had proceeded against Mary too but that he was terrified by the approach of Sigismond Marquess of Brandeberg her Husband with a great Army to her relief Which Sigismund was then made King of Hungary and was after that Emperour of Germany CHAP. V. 1. The deposing and Murther of Edward the Second King of England 2. The deposing and death of King Richard the Second 3. The grand dispute and troubles amongst the Cordeliers concerning the trifling and childish Questions of the largeness of their Capuchin or Hood and the usage and right of the Bread and meat which they eat Sect. 1. The Deposing and Murther of Edward the Second King of England BUt leaving these mischiefs abroad if we look at home we shall not finde England better or more Christian yet as much Roman Catholick as their Neighbours Here now ruleth Edward II sirnamed of Carnarvan in Wales the place of his birth and son to Edward I. A Prince too apt to be abused by his self-ended Courtiers and as the Nation thought too much complying to the Dictates of the Spencers by which means he obtain'd the displeasure of some of the people and which was more several of the Bishops turn'd his Enemies but which was most of all his own Queen Isabel Daughter to Philip le Bel King of France was his greatest Enemy and made it her whole business to procure his deposition and ruine And to make the way more easie for this their wicked design they had spread abroad that Pope John XXII had a Bzov. an 1326. § 10. Spond § 3. absolved all the English of their Allegiance to their King Edward A brave World and Faith that people should be so Antichristian as to think the Pope had really any such power but when the Bishops of Rome had the Impudence to affirm as much well might the simple people be gull'd and cheated by such Popes and such a faith to any Villany or Rebellion The Nation thus abused the King was not able to defend himself whereupon the Queen and the rest march boldly to Oxford where Adam de Orlton Bishop of Hereford preacheth to them a Comfortable but wicked Sermon taking this for his Text My head grieveth me From which words he declared to them that a bad King ought to be removed though by the same rule his head ought to be cut off for aking From thence they marched to London where they were joyfully received and a Parliament being held King Edward II is judged unfit for the rule and so declared deposed and his Eldest Son Edward III the Father being at last forced to consent made King the Archbishop of Canterbury making a Sermon as bad as the former from these words Vox Populi vox Dei When the King had thus been forced to resign being a close Prisoner some Lords and others being sent down to him at Kenilworth Castle to procure his resignation S. William Trussel Knight and Speaker to the Parliament thus bespake the King I William Trussel in name of all men of the Lond of Englond Trevâ—sa 17. cap. 43. and of alle the Parlement Procuratour I resigne to the Edwarde the homage that was made to the somtyme And from this time forthward I dyffye the and a Deprive pryve the of all Royal Power and I shall never be tendaunt to the as for Kynge ofter this time And then Sir Thomas Blunt Steward of the Kings Houshold brake his white Rod resigned his Office and thereby signified that the Kings Houshold had free liberty to depart and serve Edward no more King Edward II being thus deprived of his Dominions Isabel Tho. de la Moore Hist de vita Morâ—e Eaw II. Jo Stow's Chron. Galfrid le Bakâ—r de Swynabroke câ—er de vâ— a morte Regum Edwardorum I. II. fol. 107. Manuscript Cod. XL super A. B. Aâ—t in Bibl. Bodl. Oxon. his Queen who is thought to hate him mortally thinks he is too well used at Kenilworth Castle by Henry Earl of Leicester his Kinsman and therefore with the advice of the Bishop of Hereford he is thence removed and delivered to the custody of Sir Thomas Gurney and Sir John Maltravers his mortal Enemies who convey him to Corf-Castle thence to Bristol and so to Barkly Castle In which private journeys the King indured all manner of ignominy and scorn by these two villanous Knights as they made him ride bare-headed would scarce allow him any sleep or victuals and contradicted and cross'd him in every thing One time Gurney made him a Crown of Hay and put it on his Head and crying with the rest Tprut avant Syr King and Fare forth Syr King i e. go on Another time they would shave as well the hair of his head as his Beard for which purpose they made him light from his jaded Horse set him on a Mole-hill took water out of a Ditch close by saying that should serve for that time which so overwhelmed the King with grief that he told them That would they nould they he would have warm water for his head and so at their inhumanity began to weep and shed tears plentifully And when he was a Prisoner in Barkly Castle they used him much after the same way though Thomas Barkley then Lord of the place greatly pittyed his sad condition wishing it in his power to redress it At last Queen Isabel and her sure friend in mischief Adam de Orlton upon advice thought it best to have him taken out of the world whereupon they chid his keepers for keeping him so delicately and gave hints enough to discover their meaning but the most cunning of all was the direction which the crafty Bishop of Hereford sent down to them in these words Edwardum occidere nolite timere bonum est To kill Edward will not to fear it is good Or thus rendred into verse by Stow To seek to shed King
reproaching to the Pope as a foul error his Decision touching the Poverty of Jesus Christ. In sum the Animosity of both these Antagonists came at last to that height that the Pope according to the stile of that Age b 1324. Excommunicated the Emperour declared him Heretick favourer of Hereticks deposed him from the Empire and caus'd all the poor Cordeliers to be burnt that he could lay hands on On the other side the Emperour c 1327. enters Italy with a puissant Army d 1328. seizes on Rome declares Pope John then at Avignion unworthy of the Pontificate creates a new Pope or rather Anti-pope namely a Cordelier call'd Peter e Raina iutius Ramuceus of Corbaria who chose the Title of Nicolas V and who for the first action of his Pontificate vacated the Bull of John XXII against the Cordeliers himself Excommunicating and deposing him And thus in short have we taken a view of this tedious and bloudy quarrel about a mouthful of Bread and Cheese a Controversie not worth a wise mans thought for let me but have my belly full and eat and drink when I please let his Holiness or any body else that hath such a longing humour take the Excrements I and if he please wrapt up or sawced in the Notions of Right or Vsage and twenty suchlike distinctions if by this means both parties are pleas'd for I am confident to be no looser and his worship hath an easie Stomack that is thus satisfied All which being as meer fopperies as he that was angry that his Hat was button'd up on the wrong side Though John XXII got the better of the Emperours New Pope Nicolas yet was he so much incensed against the Cordeliers that he was once thinking to a Spondan an 1322. § 14. extirpate the very Order for which and his strongly opposing them in this trifle he hath since been vilified by their pens to the purpose Of which b Annal. Minorum Tom. 3. an 1322 1323. Lucao Waddingus will afford you some instances But as simple and ridiculous as the dispute is yet even at this day cannot the School-men leave off troubling their mouldy Cobweb-heads and the world about it And thus much for this blockish Quarrel and dispute CHAP. VI. 1. The great Schism amongst the Popes with some Reflections on some of their Actions 2. The troubles of Naples and the wicked design against the Medici and Florentines with the murther of Juliano de Medici 3. The murther of James the First and James the Third Kings of Scotland 4. The deaths of Henry the Sixth and Edward the Fifth Kings of England 5. The troubles in Spain and the miseries of Don Henry the Fourth King of Castile and Leon by reason of his proud and rebellious Nobility Sect. 1. The great Schism amongst the Popes with some Reflections on some of their Actions WE have several times seen how the Popes of Rome have disturb'd the peace and happiness of other mens Dominions and have been the ruine and destruction of many Princes and now methinks it will not be amiss to take a sleight view of the destruction of Rome it self where many wise men through variety of pretenders could not discover the true Vicar and Infallible Bishop Part of this story belongs to the former Century yet 't is more convenient to place it all together here the greater portion of it belonging to this Clement V being a 1305. chosen Pope by his Simoniacal Promises to Philip le Bel King of France and being before his Election Archbishop of Burdeaux and also that Country-man being in France when he was chosen Pope by the Cardinals at Perugia would not for some reasons remove out of France but though the Cardinals earnestly perswaded him for Italy setled the Pontifical Seat at b 1308. Avignion By this removal into France Rome was deprived of the Popedom or Papal Seat above LXX years till what time Gregory XI c 1377. restored it again to Rome This Gregory dying the Cardinals chose Vrban VI but presently after declaring they were forced by the Romans to such an Election they declared this void and chose Clement VII by which means the Schism began the story of which being large and intricate take this following Chronologie to make it more plain and intelligible Gregory XI dyed 1378. Emperours A. C. Popes Popes  Wenceslaus 1378 a Vrban VI. b Clement VII a The ‖ Onuphrius Germans Hungarians English and part of Italy stood for Vrban Some say he was * Coquaeus Tom. 2. pag. 228. legally Elected others doubt it He created LIV Cardinals 2 1379 2 2  3 1380 3 3  4 1381 4 4  5 1382 5 5 b The ‖ Onuphr French and Spaniards stood for him He kept his Seat at Avignion and created XXXVI Cardinals 6 1383 6 6  7 1384 7 7  8 1385 8 8  9 1386 9 9  10 1387 10 10  11 1389 11 11  12 1390 c Boni face IX 12 c He was * Scribendi atque canendi imperitus Theod. d Niem de Schismat l. 2. c. 6. unskilful in singing then much look'd after in a Church-man and also in writing a great Seller of Indulgences and very guilty of Simony He created XI Cardinals 13 1391 2 13  14 1392 3 14  15 1393 4 15  16 1394 5 d Benedict XI or XIII d He promis'd to resign up his Popedom if Boniface would do so too so that another Pope might be chosen and the Schism ended but had no minde to do so so he held himself for Pope and created VIII Cardinals 17 1395 6 2  18 1396 7 3  19 1397 8 4  20 1398 9 5  21 1399 10 6  Rupertus 1400 11 7  2 1401 12 8  3 1402 13 9  4 1403 14 10  5 1404 e Innocent VII 11 e Before his Election he sware to resign the Popedom if Benedict would but neither of them had any stomack to it He created XI Cardinals 6 1405 2 12  7 1406 f Gregory XII 13 f He also before his Election sware to resign his Popedom for union-sake if Benedict would but how long in this he jugled Theodorick à Niem will tell you He created XIII Cardinals Emperours A. C. Popes Popes Popes  8 1407 2 14   9 1408 3 15 g Alexander V. g The Cardinals thinking to end this Schism call'd a Council at Pisa where they declared Gregory and Benedict guilty of many crimes and pronounce them deposed and so chose this Alexander V Though neither Gregory nor Benedict obey'd the Council but would be Popes still And Alexander dyed before he had sat a year 10 1409 4 16   Jodocus 1410 5 17 h John XXIII h Some say that by scrce he nominated and chose himself Pope Fel de Bargamo He created XVI Cardinals Signismond 141 6 18 2  2 1412 7 19 3  3 1413 8 20 4
out and thrown in also lastly his head was cut off and fixt upon the most eminent place of the City and his body divided and parts of it sent to the chief places in the Kingdom As for Robert Graham he was thus punished a Gallows was raised in a Cart then he had his right-hand nailed to it and so drawn along the streets whilst the Executioners with burning Pincers tâ—re pieces from his Shoulders Thighs and suchlike fleshy places which were farthest from his Vitals thereby to keep him the longer alive and in greater pain yet did these terrors bring little repentance to him as may be ghâ—st by his impious answer for being asked during all these tortures How he durst lay hands on his Prince made this Reply That if he had Heaven and Hell at his choice he durst leap out of Heaven and all the joys there into the flaming bottom of Hell At last having all his flesh almost pull'd off his Heart and Intrails were thrown into the fire his Head stuck up and his Quarters sent to several places for a terror to others And here I shall hastily pass by the unfortunate Raign of King James III how his own Subjects covenanted against him confined or forced him to Edinbourgh Castle and at last came to open Battel against him at Bannoch-Burn not far from Sterlin where his Army being beaten he was after in cold blood murdered in the Mill but whether this abominable murther was done by Patrick Lord Gray Robert Sterling of Keer or Andrew Borthwick a Priest or all of them must be left as their Histories hath it uncertain Sect. 4. The deaths of Henry the Sixth and Edward the Fifth Kings of England BUt leaving Scotland here might I treat of the miseries of England at the same time of the long but unfortunate Raign of good Henry VI of his dethronement and which was worst of his year 1471 murther in the Tower of London as the common opinion goeth by a Bacons Hist Hen. VII pag. 2. Richard Duke of Glocester afterwards call'd Richard the III. Though Mr. b Hist Rich. III. pag â—0 Spondan calls him a Martyr an 1471. § 6. Buck of late would deny the fact and clear the said Richard from this and all other imputations laid to him by all other Historians The body of this King Henry was carryed to Chertsey in Surrey and there buryed in the Monastery belonging to the Benedictines And 't is said that many Miracles have been done at his grave above two hundred of which was gather'd into one c Vâ—d Harâ—sfield Hist Eccles p. 595. Volume nor was there any disease but they say was cured by him Blind Lame Dumb Kings-evil and what not And as if these were not enough they make him cure another Miracle viz. a Woman that used to go with Childe above d Ib. p. 596. two years Richard III envying the fame of Henry if we may believe King * Spelman Concil tom 2. pag. 71â— Henry VII removed the Corps from Chertsey to the Chappel of Windsor where he was also worshipped by the name of Holy King Henry and here they say that his Red-velvet-Hat e Stow pag. 424. heal'd the Head-ach of such as put it on their heads there his body rested for a time but now his Tomb being taken thence it is not commonly known what is become of his body 'T is true King Henry VII had a desire to have it removed to Westminster to which purpose the Abbot desired the f Spelâ— Concil pag. 712 71â— consent of Pope Alexander VI. King Henry VII also desired to have this Henry VI Canonized to which purpose he wrote to the said Alexander who gave the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Bishop of Durham g Spelm. pag. 720. Authority to inquire into his Miracles and Life Nor did Henry VII cease here but Alexander dying he sollicited h Harpsfield pag. 594. Julius II very earnestly and some think that had the King lived a little longer he had obtain'd his request But this I shall leave with these words of Edward Hall These and other like Offices of Holiness Ed. Halâ—'s Châ—on fol. 223. b. caused God to work miracles for him in his life-time as old men said By reason whereof King Henry VII not without cause sued to July Bishop of Rome to have him Canonized as other Saints be but the fees of the Canonizing of a King were so great a quantity at Rome more then the Canonizing of a Bishop or a Prelate although he sate in St. Peters Chair that the said King thought it more necessary to keep his money at home for the profit of his Realm and Country rather then to impoverish his Kingdom for the gaining of a new Holy-day of St. Henry remitting to God the judgement of his will and intent And here passing by the cruel death of the young Innocent Prince Edward eldest Son to this King Henry VI in cold bloud after the fight at Tewkes-bury I might come to Edward V and shew how he was deposed by his Uncle Richard by means of his wicked Instruments Stafford Duke of Buckingham Dr. John Shaw Brother to Edmond Shaw Gold-smith then Lord Mayor of London and suchlike and from this I might lead you to the making away of the said young Innocent Prince Edward and his Brother by the means of the said Richard III but because all Histories will not exactly agree upon the manner how I shall refer you to the Chronicles themselves where the juggle if not the murthers may be seen at large Sect. 5. The troubles in Spain and the miseries of Don Henry the Fourth King of Castile and Leon by reason of his proud and rebellious Nobility IF we look into Spain we shall finde those Territories miserably wasted by Tumults and Rebellions we might see how the young King of Castile Henry III was so neglected by his proud and L. de Mayâ—â—â— Hist d' 〈◊〉 liâ— 18 19 20 21. greedy Nobility who pocketed up his Revenues that once he was forced to pawn one of his Robes for two Shoulders of Mutton to help out his Supper And we might see their Rebellions against his Son King John II whose troublesome Reign might be an Item to Kings to beware of confiding in and favouring too much one Subject by the neglect of the rest And the unhappy end of the Constable Don Alvaro de Luna may be a caution to the greatest favourites in their carriage for Kings at last in whose protection lyeth their greatest safety may be perswaded to leave them to Justice and then no mercy can be expected from the solong-abused Law and People But proceed we to greater troubles and misfortunes then these This King John II had by his First wife Maria of Arragon HENRY IV King of Castile and Leon. Leonora Catharine dyed young Second Wife Isabel of Portugal Daughter to D. Jean Master of S. Jago Son to John I. King of Portugal Alphonso whom
Guise kill'd at Bloys 1588. Catherine second Wife to the Duke of Montpensier She died 1596. Charles Cardinal of Lorrain a Legat in the Council of Trent Of him François d'Isle makes his Legend He died 1573. Lewis de Guise made Card. by Julius III. He died 1578 Claude Duke of Aumale slain at the siege of Rochel 1573. Charles René Marquess of Elboeuf died 1566. Charles Duke of Elboeuf Charles Duke of Elboeuf and Count de Harcourt François call'd the Grand Prior died 1562. Jean Cardinal of Lorrain lived in the French Court a great Favorite with King François I. He died 1550. GUISE a little strong Town in Picardy which King Francis I. raised to a Dukedom and honoured Claude one of the sons of Rene Duke of Lorrain with thit Title BAR a little Dukedom in Lorrain the chiefest Town of it is now call'd Bar-le-Duc so call'd to distinguish it from other Bars upon the Seine the Aube c. it was erected into a Dukedom by Philippes de Valois VI. 1329. The eldest son of Lorrain if married hath this Title PONT now better known by the name of PONT-A-MOUSSON a Marquesset and Title of the eldest son if unmarried of the Duke of Lorrain VAUDEMONT or Vauldemont a Town in Lorrain being the Title of an Earldom JOINVILLE a little Town on the borders of Champaigne towards Lorrain a Principality of the Guises MERCOEUR a Town in Languedoc raised to a Dukedom by Charles IX 1569. for Nicolas Nephew to the Duke of Guise MAYENNE in Beausse in the little Territory Le Maine Coenomanensis Ager erected to a Dukedom by Charles IX 1573. for Charles brother to Guise ELBOEUF in higher Normandy from a Marquesset raised to a Dutchy by Henry II. 1581. and given to Charles Granchild to Claude Duke of Guise AUMALLE Aubmalle Aumarle Albemarle in Latin Alba Mala Arturus du Monstier Neustria Pia p. 731 732 c. for thus and more variously hath it formerly been writ a Town in higher Normandy anciently an Earldom with which Titles the Kings of England as Dukes of Normandy used to honour some of their Subjects and the French Kings having the possession of it have used the same liberty Charles VII made it a Peerdom of France 1458. and Henry II. raised it to a Dukedom for one of Guises sons 1547. but it is now honoured by George Monck Duke of Albemarle By this the common sort of Readers may the better distinguish and understand the variety of Cardinals to be met withall in the Histories of the French Troubles and may also see to what Greatness and Honours the Guisian Family hath in a short time been raised to in France but whether they were answerably grateful to that Crown let others judge Some are apt to tell us that Claude de Vaudemont afterwards the first Ant. Colynet p. 1 and le Contre-Guiâ—e Duke of Guise came into France in the Reign of Lewis XII Predecessor to Francis I. in no splendent condition but by wheedling himself into the Favour of King François I. obtained to be the Kings Falconer whence by degrees he rais'd himself and his Posterity above the Princes of the Bloud Royal. And they also tell us that Francis I. was so sensible of the Aspiring humour of that Family that upon his death-bed he advised his son Henry to have a care of them otherwise * Mon fils j'ay bien apperçeu cognois pur vray que la Race n'en vaut rien que si vous faites le contraire ils vous mettront en pourpoint vostre peuple en chemise François de l'Isle fol. 6. b. They will turn you into your doublet and your subjects into their shirts Some may look upon Lewis XI of France as a cunning King being Jean Bodin de la Râ—publâ—que l. 6. c. 2 p 952 953. Master of Hypocrisie others may conclude him rich when they see his Account run so thriftily if not beggarly as * 20 Sols Two shillings for two new sleeves for the Kings old doublet †15 Deniers One peny half-peny for a box of grease to grease his boots But certainly he was none of the wisest for turning away his Fathers old Faithful Counsellers and Servants for neglecting and despising the old Nobility and pleasing and sorting himself with the Plebeans and those of the meanest rank insomuch that his Taylor was his Herald and his Barber his Embassadour This way of meanness and negligence is seldom without a mischief attending it and this Family of Valois now growing towards its end wanted the vigour and prudence of her former Kings now were they Sardanapalus like more apt and fit to accompany the worst of Women and hold a Distaff then to manage a Sceptre or protect a People Pleasures were all their study and to neglect business all their care they were only the picture of Kings having neither life nor action to Government or Majesty leaving affairs to be managed by any that could thrust themselves uppermost By which easiness they had the honour to be commended by some hated by others pitied by most as good-natur'd Kings born to enrich a few Favourites but ruine the whole Kingdom besides Though some cunning Minister of State can throw all their own Extortions Cheats and Villanies upon the King thereby making a double Cheat abusing both the King and People And thus it happened with these of France to whose very Name and Family I find some to have such a spite and hatred that I meet with a Cordelier called Melchier publickly in the Pulpit to have told the People 1559. that As long as any of the Line of Valois reigned the people could Guil. Ribier Leâ—tres Memoires d'Estat tom 2. p. 799 800. not be free from oppression all that Family being so highly addicted to tyranny And another time he affirmed to his Auditors that It was very convenient that four of the greatest in the Kingdom ought to be rooted out for the easment and comfort of the people That this Gray Frier meant the King then in being viz. Henry II. I cannot say but for number sake it is not unworth the observation that besides the King there were but Four men viz. his Four sons living then in the whole world of that Family after whose deaths it ended and the Crown fell to that of Bourbon Nor is it unworth the notice that the people were then so apt to Sedition that Antoine King of Navarre who under his own hand gave the King notice of these expressions was pussled or at a stand how to behave himself in this affair fearing the rage of the people should he forthwith call the Frier to an account But it is not only the House of Valois that is aimed at but that of Bourbon too as being next Heirs to the Crown of France And this design is heavily laid in the dish of the House of Guise who as they say had for many years consulted
Queen Elizabeth 454 455 456 Francis Duke of Anjou his death 502 Suspected by poyson Ibid. Causes the Guisard to rejoyce Ibid. Don Juan d'Aquila lands in Ireland with Spanish forces 658 c. L'Auspespine the French Ambassador in England plots the murder of Queen Elizabeth 450 B BAbington's treasons against Queen Elizabeth 445 446 Baldwin II Emperour of Constantinople deposed 279 Fran. Baroncello his pranks at Rome 306 Cardinal Baronius bad Principles 78 The Barricadoes 523 Pierre Barriere his plots against the King 589 Becket vid. Thomas Cardinal Bellarmines bad Principles 68 69 Berengarius murther'd 192 John of Bilboa his imposture 360 361 Birket constituted Archpriest of England 720 Blois the Assembly of the States-General meet there 527 The D. of Guise rules all there ibid. Boniface VIII Pope his life and actions 282 c. Cardinal Bourbon declar'd King 562 Bow at the name of the Pope and Virgin Mary 40 Richard Bristow's bad Principles 62 66 C CAelestine V Pope 282 283 Alphonso Carillo Archbishop of Toledo chief of the Rebels against Henry IV King of Castile and Leon 337 338 c. Catherine Queen of Navar deprived 343 344 Robert Cecil threatned in a Letter from the Romanists 707 708 Charles III le Gross Emperour depos'd 185 First dated his Letters from the year of Christ 186 Charles III le simple King of France deposed 203 204 Carlos I King of Spain chose Emperor called Charles V 353 His going from Spain into Germany opposed by the Spaniards 353 354 Chastel stabs the King 596 Childerick II King of France and his Queen murdred 160 Childerick III King of France deposed 165 166 His Subjects absolv'd from their Oaths of Allegiance by Pope Zachary Ibid. Clement VIII thanks the Irish for their Rebellion 651 Sends a Letter to Tyrone the Rebel 655 Fryar Clement kills Henry III of France 547 The Prince of Conde poysoned 521 Conradino King of Naples beheaded 281 Constantines Donation a meer cheat 117 118 c. Constantine V Emperour of Constantinople murdred 169 170 The Covenant vid. League Council of Sixteen vid. Paris Culene King of Scotland murther'd 211 D DAndalo in a Chain under the Popes Table 307 Deodato Duke of Venice his eyes put out 183 Desmond ' s Plots against Ireland and Articles with Francis I. King of France 385 386 Proclaim'd Traitour 390 His death 392 Devils abused 27 28 The Devil confess'd his sins and loved the Mass 28 Pray'd for that his sins might be forgiven 136 S. Dominick his lying stories 5 Donald V King of Scotland imprison'd 183 Duffe King of Scotland murder'd 208 209 210 Duncan King of Scotland murder'd 215 E EDict vid. Vnion Edmund King of England murther'd 205 Edmund Ironside King of England murder'd 214 Edward King of England sirnamed the Martyr 206 207 Edward II King of England his deposing and murther 309 310 Edward VI insurrections in the North and West against him 408 409 Queen Elizabeth leaves out the word HEAD and is stiled onely Supreme Governour 400 Her Vindication 410 411 c. to 423 Her commendations by Forraigners 411 Defended from cruelty in putting some Romish Priests to death 413 414 416 Declared in a Bull of Pope Pius V Excommunicated Deprived and Deposed 419 Her mildeness and mercy towards Romish Priests 419 420 421 422 423 Who were put to death for Treasons not for Religion Ibid. Deposed by Pope Paul IV Her murder designed by Pius V 426 Her Subjects absolv'd from their Oath of Allegiance by his Bull 427 to 431 Insurrections in the North against her Government 432 Attempts to kill her 445 446 Several plots against her 675 676 c. Empire its troubles by the Papal arrogancie 303 England not subject to the Papal Power 233 234 Equivocation 190 Exorcisms used by the Romanists to inveigle the ignorant people 446 447 448 449 St. Ericus IX King of Swedland kill'd 252 Erick VI King of Denmark beheaded 279 Erick VII murdred ibid. Ethus King of Scotland imprison'd 183 Exorcisms cheating 27 F FAbritio Duke of Venice his eyes put out 183 Felton condemned for Treason not for Religion 419 Esteemed as a Martyr by the Romanists 433 Florence wicked designs against it by the Pope 331 332 c. Folly of Heathens 1 2 Formosus Pope his troubles 196 197 His body drag'd out of the grave and his fingers cut off 197 198 France the holy League and Covenant there 483 More stirs there upon the deaths of the Guises 529 The people's Declaration 530 S. Francis his childish stories 2 3 4 Frederick I Barbarossa his troubles 254 c. Frederick II Emperour troubled and depos'd 266 G GAlla Duke of Venice his eyes put out 183 Father Garnet his life 696 to 707 The story of his straw 704 705 Gerberg a Nun drown'd in a Wine-vessel 178 Gibbelines their Story 270 Giovanni Duke of Venice banish'd 183 Men held for Gods 1 2 God abused and blasphemed 29 30 Gradenico Duke of Venice murder'd 183 Gregory I against a Vniversal Bishop 154 Commendeth the murther of Mauricius 155 156 Calls himself servant of servants 156 Delivers Trajans soul out of Hell 157 Gregory VII his power 218 219 c. Deposed by a Synod at Worms 220 By another at Brixen 226 Dyeth and is Sainted 227 Gregory XIII his explication of Pius V his Bull against Queen Elizabeth 435 436 Jac. Gretser his bad Principles 69 Guelfs their story 270 Guisards several designes against the House of Navar as the chief of that of Bourbon 488 489 490 Their under-plottings against Henry III of France 494 495 496 to 502 Their designes against the House of Bourbon 502 And to make themselves next Heirs of the Kingdom 502 503 c. Look upon Cardinal Bourbon as first Prince of the Bloud rather then the King of Navar 507 Duke of Guise holds a Treaty or Conventicle with some Spanish Commissioners and others and the agreement at that Cabal 505 Has a meeting of the Chieftains of the House of Lorrain at Nancy 520 Presents several propositions to the King ibid. Comes to Paris has the acclamations of the people 522 The Queen-Mother sent to treat with him 524 His insolent demands 524 Refuses to swear Allegiance to the King and plots to take away his life 528 Is kill'd at Blois ibid. Cardinal of Guise kill'd by the Kings order ibid. Gunpowder-Treason vid. Treason H LOng Hair of great value 167 Hare occasion'd the taking of Rome 187 Harenscaran punishment what 256 257 Heaven abused with lyes 29 30 Henry II King of England his troubles by Thomas a Becket 235 236 c. His grief and penance for Beckets murther 247 248 Henry IV King of Castile and Leon his miseries by his proud rebellious Nobility 337 c. They make a League against him ibid. Designe to kill him 340 Henry IV Emperour his troubles and deposition 218 219 c. Deprived 220 224 225 His strange Humility and Submission 222 Crown'd at Rome 226 Depos'd by his son 228 229 His poverty and death
sciogliere il vincolo del giuramento al Pont. Rom. come habbiamo dimostrato sopra c. Botero le Relationi Universali Part. 2. lib. 4. pag. 125 126 127. Giovanni Botero the first I may say that undertook prudentially to discover the world runs along in the same error with the rest of his Religion and will not onely allow the Pope to depose Kings but seem vext and angry against any that should deny it and reasons the case with them too as largely as if he had been chosen the sole Champion for his Church and declares himself a profest enemy against those who think that Kings have no Superiour but God in this World g Discussio Decreti Concil Lateran pag. 29. Lessius the Jesuit in behalf of the Pope makes use of Johannes Parisiensis but h A Theolog Dispute concerning the Oath of Allegiance Appendix pag. 402. § 18. Roger Widdrington a Benedictine affirms that Parisiensis and Antonius de Rosellis are rather for the Peoples power to depose Kings than the Popes though be it as it will one is as bad as the other and neither barrel better Herring Johannes de Bromyardo an English Dominican and famous in his time for his many writings is also an assertor of this a Opus Trivium verb. Regimen King-deposing Doctrine nor is it any strange thing amongst our Country Romanists for wherefore else should b Epist ad lectorem praefix Nâ—c Sander de Schismate Aâ—gl Edward Rishton commend Saunders for his Rebellion in Ireland Wherefore else should Watson the Author of the c Pag. 327. Quodlibets desire that the Pope had and would exercise as much power now in England as he did in Henry the Second and Kings Johns time Wherefore else should Everard Hanse the Priest say that he hoped Pius the Fifth did not err in declaring against Queen Elizabeth and absolving her subjects from their Allegiance Wherefore else should John Mundine Concertat Eccles Cathol Edit 1594. fol. 78 140 153 154 163 169 170 171. being asked at his Tryal if he thought that the Pope could depose the Queen or if another Prince should invade England whether he would assist the Queen or the Invador desire to be excused from answering Wherefore else should James Fenn at his Tryal declare that the Pope had power to depose the Queen and other Princes Wherefore else should James Bele declare that he would assist the Pope or any other against the Queen Coppie d'une lettre envoye d' Angleterre an seminaire des Anglois à Dâ—uay contenant l'Hist du Martyre de 4. Prestres An. 1616. pag. 10 18 49 53. Why should John Finch affirm the same or Father Thomas Maxfield that no man under damnation could take the Oath of Allegiance And Nicholas Atkinson refuse to take the said Oath though he was promised his life if he would take it As they promised the same mercy and favour to John Thulis and N. Voren at Lancaster And we are d Vid. O. E. a new chalange made to N. D. p. 116. Mat. Sutcliff's challenge concerning the Romish Church pag. 187. informed from the Records of the Memorials of the Council at Yorke that a House being searched for a Priest stiled David Engleby their own Catalogues mentions one Francis Ingleby who suffer'd there 1586 there were found in the said house these Positions That the Queen before the Popes Bull was not a lawful Queen That Catholicks are not to defend her or fight for her if any come to execute the Popes Bull. That it is lawful to take arms against her and to do what they please with her if they be sure to obtain Victory And the onely reason that Father e Vid. Rob. Abbot Antilogia pag. 156. Garnet had against some insurrection against the King was because they wanted the Popes Authority or approbation And if I mistake not 't is no less man than Father f A letter of a Catholick touching the Oath of Allegiance pag. 47. Parsons who thinks it no small honour for his cause that Robert Drurie Matthew Flathers and George Gervis three Priests would rather dye than take the Oath of Allegiance when life was offer'd them upon that condition But what need I trouble my self with particulars when Abraham Bzovius who thought himself fit to be joyned with Baronius tells us that all the g De Rom. Pont. cap. 46. pag. 621. English Priests who suffer'd in England absolutely maintain'd that the Pope might depose Kings and he h Id. Cap. 45 46. himself is of the same pernicious Principle Of this Opinion also is the great Spanish Lawyer i Emporium â—triusque juris Part. 1. Tit. 2. de jurisdic omnium judicum Quaest 4. § 12. Pet. Augustin Morla and to him it would be no news to add a Souldier of the same Kingdom and one that by the assistance of this Maxime was to prove his Sword could do no wrong by taking away another mans Kingdom and joyning of it to his Masters And this is Fadrique de Toledo Duke of Alva who in a large Speech told the people of Navarre pretty stories of the Popes power in giving away Kingdoms But the conclusion was that by the same Authority the Kingdom of Navarre was given to his Master of Spain and King Albret justly deposed And 't is no great matter whether he or his a Ael Anton Nebrissens de Bello Navarr lib. 1. cap. 6. Historian pen'd the Harangue And no question but that his Grand-childe Don Fernando d'Alvares de Toledo Duke of Alva was altogether of the same judgement when he conquer'd Portugal to the same Crown Nor is the great but none of the best Text-men the Spanish Preaching Jesuite Johannes Osorius of any better Principles For amongst other priviledges granted to the Popes he tells his Auditory that he can b Omnem dare auferre aut moderari jurisdictionem Reges create iterum Regna tollere Concion Tom. 3. Concio in Cathedra St. Petri col 2. appoint and depose Kings And in another of his c preachments he tells the people that by this Text Behold here are two swords is signified the Spiritual and material Swords of the Church whereby she doth assault beat and rob Kings of their Dominions and Authority b Ecce duo gladii hic Duas Ecclesiae potestates quibus in peccatores animadvertit significat Ecclesiasticam saecularem gladium Spirituale materiale quo Ecclesia uti potest cum oportuerit Reges expugnando ac debellando a potestate Regia expoliando Tom. 4. pag. 87. Of the same judgement is the Italian Lawyer and Divine too d Tract de officio S. Inquisit Tit. 1. § 67 68 93. Caesar Carena of so great repute at Cremona and a favorite of the English Overseer Cardinal Francisco Barberino Nephew to Vrban the eighth But of this subject we have been too long and so I shall conclude all with the Dominican
disobedience to these Acts and the other Laws of the Realm And the several designes and plots against her to take away both her Kingdoms and Life might not onely oblige her to look to her self but also move her to a greater severity then she was naturally addicted to Yet hitherto it was not death for Priests or Jesuits to be in England if they did nothing else But some XIV years after this the Queen and Parliament supposed they had Reason to b 27 Eliz. cap. 2. Enact it Treason and Death onely for being found here yet they were so far from catching any one in a Trap or without warning that by the said Act they all had time given to transport themselves freely without any Attachment with liberty to take Ship at what Port they pleas'd the time allotted them being forty days after the ending of that present Session of Parliament Nay farther that if any were sick then upon security they might remain in the Kingdom six Months longer and then to depart And all this was more favourable then the Protestants received from Queen Mary Let us also add that those whom she had in prison she sent over upon her own charges and with kinde usage so far was she from thirsting after bloud as some would have her for confirmation thereof take one Certificate of twenty Jesuits and Priests and one Gentleman sent from the Tower of London Marshalsee and Kings-bench TO all Magistrates Officers and Ministers within the Realm of England or elsewhere to whom it may any wise appertain This may be to give certification that we whose names are here under-written who were imbarked at the Tower-wharfe of London the 21 of January 1584 and there received into the charge of Mr. a a One of the Yeomen Ushers to the Queens Chamber William Bolles and Mr. b b A Skinner of London Antony Hall by Commission from their Lordships and other her Majesties most honourable Privy-Council Have been by them the said William Bolles and Antony Hall very friendly and honestly intreated and with careful diligence safely conducted transported and conveyed to the Province of Normandy and by them left this third day of February according to the English Computation in the year of Christ 1584. Which said Bolles and Hall have in Our presence paid the c c Matthew Sâ—â—uâ—t Master of the d d Call'd the Mary Maâ—tin of Câ—lchâ—ster Bark which Transported us for the whole Fraught and Victuals in the Ship for the time of our remaining aboard And generally so well us'd us in all respects that we cannot but acknowledge our selves much beholden to them and fully satisfied in having been committed to the charge of so courteous Officers sith the case standeth so with us that we are banished our Country contrary to our desires wherein we take no little grief of minde For Testimony whereof we have hereto set our several hands this present third of February 1584. a a The first Jesuite that came into England he was son to the Epigâ—ammatist Jasper Heiwood b b Disputed with Dr. Jo. Rainolds John Hart William Tedder Arthur Pits Richard Slake Richard Norris c c Return'd into England call'd Bishop of Calcedon and wrote William Bishop d d A Jesuit return'd into England and wrote some Books Thomas Stephanson Christopher Tomson John Barnes e e Continued Sanders de Schismate ungrateful to the Queen Edward Rishton James Bosgrave Samuel Coniers f f Return'd into England wrote for the Oath of Allegiance William Warmington William Hartlie g g Return'd and executed at Mile-end Green 1588. William Dean h h Return'd executed at Lancaster 1560. Robert Nutter i i Return'd wrote in behalf of the Secular-Priests John Colleton k k Return'd wrote several Books was the chief man in putting out the Doway Notes on the Old Test Thomas Worthington William Smith Henry Orton Gentleman The next year also the Queen sent over XXXII more Priests and Jesuits and with what civility and kinde usage they were Transported I shall refer you to l Chron. fol. â—10 col 1. Stow or Howe 's for their own Certificate But to proceed we might shew at large even by the Confession of Romanists themselves that the Queen did nothing against the said Romanists but even what she was necessitated to do for the preservation of her self and Kingdom of which two or three instances will not be amiss William Watson a zealous Roman Priest and one who afterwards suffer'd for Treason confesseth how the a Quodlibets pag. 265. Pope plotted her destruction and that as he hinteth by the Instigâ—â—on of some English before which Her Majestie used us kindely for the space of the first ten years of her Highness Raign the State of the Catholicks in England that while was tolerable and after a sort in some good quiet Such as for their conscience were imprisoned or in durance were very mercifully dealt withal the state and change of things then considered some being appointed to remain with such their friends as they themselves made choice of others were placed with Bishops and others with Deans and had their Dyets at their Tables with such convenient Walks and Lodgings as did well content them They that were in ordinary Prisons had all such liberty and commodities as the place and their Estate could afford them Yea even thus much and more doth Parsons confess in his Philopater as also Father Creswell in his Scribe to the like effect b Id. pag. 266. How great quiet the State and Court was in for twelve years space no talk of Treasons or Conspiracies no Jealousies nor Suspicions no Envie nor Supplications no fear of Murtherings nor Massacrings no question of Conscience nor Religigion all lived in quiet content and right good fellowship was amongst them c. and then he confesseth that the Jesuits were the cause of the Laws against them Agnus Dei Medals Holy-grains c. He goeth on thus c Pag. 267. 268. I held directly that both her Majesties Laws and Proceedings against all sorts of Catholicks have been milde and merciful the opinion and judgement of her Highness in Religion one way and their foresaid practices against her another way duly consider'd The same Romanist having almost above measure commended the Queens d Id. pag. 274 276. Wisdom and Government seems to wonder why the Priests should be molested and though he saith their Afflictions have been extraordinary yet he also acknowledgeth so also hath the cause thereof been extraordinary and so far beyond the accustomed occasions of persecution given to any Prince in Christendom or Monarchie that is or ever was in the world to this hour unless the PURITANS of Scotland which P. 277. may in some sort equal the offence here to be set down as rather it is to be wondred at all things duly considered that any one Catholick is left on life in
England then that our persecution hath been so great For name one Nation I know none can under Heaven where the Subject especially if they were Catholicks ever sought the death of their Soveraign though of a different Religion from them The conquest of their Native Land the subversion of the State the depopulation of the Weal publick the alteration and change of all Laws Customs and Orders and in few the utter Devastation Desolation and Destruction of all the Ancient Inhabitants of their Land in so unnatural unchristian uncatholick a manner as the Spanish Faction have sought it in our own flesh and bloud against this Realm c. e Id. pag. 278. which seeing her Princely heart hath forborn as no Soveraign on Earth would ever have suffer'd the like to have past unpunished as she hath I must conclude and end as we began THAT HER LAWS AND PROCEEDINGS HAVE BEEN BOTH MILDE AND MERCIFUL And at a Id. pag. 303 3â—4 last doth confess that she was even bound to do as she did such was their Treasonable Practices and Opinions for deposing of Princes To him we might add Clark the Priest who also suffer'd death with Wâ—tson for Treason against King James he b Reply to a Lybel fol. 43. â— confessing and declaring that the Queens Laws and Government were not to be defamed traduced and cryed out against so much for tyranny seeing their Treasonable Actions were the occasion of them And to them we might add Father c Concert Ecciel Angl. paâ—â— 2. fol. 39. b. Parsons himself when he writes his minde freely to his friend But leaving these single Testimonies take these following confirm'd and subscrib'd by above a Jury of true Sons of the Papal Religion d The Protestation it self you may see at large in Roger Widdâ—ingtons Theological Dispute concerning the Oath of Allegiance part 2. Sect. 1. pag 346 347 348 349. Having first thank'd the Queen for her Clemencie and testified that she desired nothing of them but a true Profession of their Allegiance We whose names are under-written in most humble wise prostrate at her Majesties feet do acknowledge our selves infinitely bound unto her Majesty therefore Whereas for these many years past divers conspiracies against her Majesties Person and Estate and sundry forcible attempts for invading and conquering her Dominions have been made under we know not what pretences and intentments of restoring Catholick Religion with the Sword a course most strange in this world and undertaken peculiarly and solely against her Majestie and her Kingdoms among other Princes departed from the Religion and Obedience of the See Apostolick no less then she by reason of which violent Enterprises her Majesty otherwise of singular Clemencie toward her Suctjects hath been greatly moved to ordain and execute severer Laws against Catholicks which by reason of their Vnion with the See Apostolick in Faith and Religion were easily supposed to favour these Conspiracies and Invasions then perhaps had ever been Enacted or thought upon if such Hostility and Wars had never been undertaken William Bishop All Secâ—lar-Priests John Colleton a a Concern'd in the Quarrels at Wiâ—bich wrote in behalf of the Priests John Mush Robert Charnock John Bossevile Antony Hebborne b b Such an one preach'd and dyed by the fall of the Chamber at Blackfrieâ—s 1623. Robert Drury c c Wrote against Mr. Mason Antony Champney d d I finde two Brothers of that name at the latter end of King James his Raign John Jackson Francis Barneby Oswald Needham e e Translated Theodorets History into English Roger Cadwallader Robert Button November 5. 1602. In short we have it from good a Cambden Eliz. anno 1581. Authority that the Queen used to complain with grief that she was driven by necessity to prosecute such Laws for the preservation of her self and Subjects And an honest b Roger Widdrington's Confutation es the intemperate Reply of Tho. Fitz-Herbert Preface pag. 66. § 81. Benedictan Monk doth assure us that the Queen designed a mitigation upon security of their Allegiance but that this toleration was both talk'd and written against at Rome as very disadvantagious to the Papal Cause If they thus oppose her Favours 't is not her fault If they be angry with her for banishing the Priests she did no more then France and Venice once did with the Jesuits If she did amiss in taking their lives away yet was she not so cruel as the Spanish Inquisition or the French Massacre nor so fiery as her Sister Mary If she be blameable why should the others be commended Her Prudence may be shown by her prosperous Reign Her Courage by overcoming all difficulties and assaults Her Clemencie by her often pardoning her Enemies Her good Government by the Love and Honour her Subjects bare her and the esteem which England yet hath for her And as she was beloved at home so was she indear'd and fear'd abroad and as she was bless'd and happy in all her undertakings here so let her not be vilified and bespattered now she is gone to another world honour'd with many years and triumphs CHAP. III. The Pope undertook to depose Queen Elizabeth which occasioned some troubles in England to the ruine of the undertakers QUeen Mary being dead her Sister Elizabeth succeeded in the Throne though White Bishop of Winchester and Watson Bishop of Lincoln were very forward and eager to have her Excommunicated which they would have undertaken to perform but that others more wary advised them against such rashness For some years of Queen Elizabeth's Reign we hear of no great troubles the Papists themselves privately within their own Houses exercising their own Religion quietly enough without any disturbance and others of them without any scruple but deeply herein charged by a De Schism lib. 3 pag 342 343. Sanders for their dissimulation going to the Reformed Churches there to hear and enjoy Divine-Service Nor could they perceive any thing in the English-Liturgy that might any way offend a wisemans conscience it being judiciously composed of Godly Prayers waving all Disputes and the nicer Points of Controversie And in this peaceable condition they might have long continued if Father Parsons and some such Zealots had not baul'd against such a security and got a beyond-Sea Order against their joyning with the Reformed in any of their Pious Devotions No sooner is Elizabeth acknowledged Queen but we are b Peter Heyliâ—'â— Ecclesia Restaâ—â—ata pag. 102 103. told that she sent to the English Agent at Rome viz. Sir Edward Karn sent thither by Queen Mary to acquaint the Pope Paul IV of her Sisters death of her own Succession desiring that all good Offices might be reciprocally exchanged between them But the Pope Answer'd that the Kingdom of England was held in Fee of the Apostolick See that she being Illegitimate could not succeed and therefore it was great boldness to assume the Name and Government of it without
the good News presented Sir Lewis with a great Gold Chain The Legendiaries will tell us of several men speaking after their heads were cut off and Turrianus the Jesuit will make Clemens several years after he knew that St James was dead yet to write an Epistle of Instructions to the said St. James And Osborn here doth much follow the same wonders by telling us that this story is testified by Cardinal D' Ossat whereas that Cardinal was dead above a year before the Powder-Plot hapned Another mistake he hath saying That the Pope laught at the Flattery whereas Cardinal * Les Ambassades Negotiations par Caesar Ligny l. 3. p. 450 Perron who was the man that told the Pope of the Spanish Ambassy for England saith his Holiness was displeased at the Hypocrisie But to return What was the extent of this Treason and how many were assistants to it is difficult to discover Certain it is that some of the Nobility were suspected imprisoned or fined or call'd in question for not coming up at that time to Parliament About this time they sent over Sir Edmond Baynham to Pope Pius V. And Father Parsons Rector of the English Colledg there orders the Students to pray For the Intention of their Father Rector which made some of them wonder what could be the meaning of such an unusual Prayer not knowing what his Intention was But being afterwards informed of the discovery of the Plot Sixteen of them abhorring such jugling and bloody Designs forsook the Colledg slipt into France some of them turning to the Church of England whither they came Guido Faux himself had been also with the Pope and consulted with the aforesaid Parsons and it is affirmed by the voluntary Confession of Vid. Bp. Audrows Respons ad Apol Bellarmini c. 5. pag. 113. a Jesuit That at this time there were three Bulls procured from the Pope and ready upon this occasion and should have been published had the Powder done the intended Execution but that failing they were supprest In the Netherlands Hugh Owen an English Traitor was made acquainted with it highly commending the Contrivance and so did William Baldwin the Legier Jesuit in Flanders who some years afterwards was apprehended at Basil in Switzerland as he was in disguise stealing into Italy He was sent into England where he laid some years in the Tower and at last was delivered at the desire of Gondemar the Spanish Ambassador whose Cunning did sometimes out-master the Court-Policy As for Baldwin he dyed at Omers in September 1632. About this time in Spain lived as Legier for their Cause Arthur Creswell who after his turning Jesuit call'd himself Joseph Creswell the only man as Sir Edward Coke said he ever heard of to change his Christian Name he was informed of the Powder-Plot and liked it so well that he came into * Tho. Sponcer's Hist of the Gunpowder Treason p. 72 73. England at this time to act as 't is said his part in this glorious Action but he was so wise as to haste back again for his own safety and dyed afterwards in grief and discontent at Gant 1623 having for many years endeavoured the disturbance of the Kingdom As for Portugal Thomas Robinson who belonged to the English Covent at Lisbon affords us this Observation Henry Flood a Jesuit Anatomy of the Eng. Nun. at Lisb p. 3. Margin who afterwards lurked in England as chief Agent for the transporting of Nunns to Bruxels Graveling Lisbon or any other place This Flood caused the Jesuits at Lisbon to spend a great deal of Money on Powder on a Festival-day a little before the Powder-Treason in England should have been effected thereby to make experience of the force thereof and also perswaded one John Haw a Merchant whom he had perverted and divers other Catholicks to go over into England and to expect their Redemption there as he calls it a while How long this Conspiracy had been on the Anvil is hard to say Mr. Cambden layeth the foundation of it on the Popes Breves 1600 that were sent over to exclude King James or any other that should not maintain the Roman Religion And Catesby himself laid the greatest force and confirmation upon them For when in conference Father Garnet seem'd to desire that the Pope's consent might be obtain'd Catesby answered That he took that as granted by the Pope in his Bulls or Breves before for said he if it were not lawful to receive or repell him the said Bulls or Breves do import then is it lawful also to expel or cast him out And it appears by the Confessions of Faux and Thomas Winter that in the first year of King James 1603 the Plot was more fully agreed on and the blowing up of the Parliament-House by Powder concluded from which time till its discovery they continually had their Agitators and Councils to promote the Cause and carry on the Work with all vigour and secresie What number of them were engaged in it in England I know not nor did there appear above an hundred in a Body but that others had some hints or notice of it is more than probable And it was observed that that very morning viz. November V. the Romanists at Rowington went to Warwick and rang the Bells And the same Night Grant with some others went to the Stable of Warwick-Castle took away the Horses thence rid two miles off to Norbrook Grant's House where Rockwood's Wife Morgan's Wife with some others of the same stamp met to rejoyce with them for the downfall of Heresie encouraging their Husbands to go on encrease their Forces and fight it out to the last Nor need we suppose that their Priests and Jesuits in England were idle in this grand Affair which had been so long in hammering amongst them We meet with Hammond the Jesuit very active not only encouraging them to Cruelty but also after it was discovered to confess and absolve at one time about Twenty of the Rebels at Robert Winter's Honse Greenwell alias Tesmond another Jesuit was so zealous in this holy Cause that when he knew the Plot was known he call'd Father Hall a Flegmatick Fellow because he thought him not active enough to advance the Rebellion and in this fury hurried himself down into Lancashire to see what troubles he would raise there by falsly declaing as he went along That there was a design to cut all the throats of the Romanists Yet was the said Father Hall alias Oldcorne a Jesuit eager enough for the Plot encouraging Mr. Littleton with the justness of the Design however the Event was Instancing how the Turks sometimes beat the Christians and that the Eleven Tribes of Israel were twice overcome though God himself had commanded them to go and fight against Benjamin Rich. Carpenter's Sermon Novemb. 5. 1662 pag. 11 What need we trouble our selves with Father Thomson the Jesuit who used to vapour to his Scholars at Rome how oft his shirt had been