the_o sea_n be_v adjoin_v and_o in_o propriety_n to_o be_v esteem_v according_o take_v their_o name_n of_o the_o country_n and_o kingdom_n adjacent_a or_o of_o their_o situation_n as_o mare_fw-la britannicum_fw-la mare_fw-la germanicum_n mare_n hibernicum_n and_o for_o situation_n mare_fw-la mediterraneum_fw-la observe_v by_o cosmographer_n historiographer_n and_o mathematician_n this_o be_v perform_v with_o the_o help_n of_o the_o compass_n count_v of_o course_n sounding_n colour_n of_o the_o gravel_n or_o sand_n and_o other_o way_n to_o design_n finitum_fw-la ab_fw-la '_o infinito_o law_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n so_o far_o as_o be_v expedient_a for_o the_o certain_a reach_n and_o bound_n of_o sea_n proper_o apppertain_v to_o any_o prince_n or_o people_n wherein_o the_o doctor_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n have_v record_v excellent_a observation_n custom_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o custom_n baldus_n say_v vidimus_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la gentium_fw-la in_fw-la mare_fw-la esse_fw-la regna_fw-la distincta_fw-la sicut_fw-la in_o terra_fw-la auda_fw-la iâ—sula_fw-la ad_fw-la legem_fw-la 1._o the_o ter_z divisione_n in_o §._o nullius_fw-la in_o tratt_v de_fw-fr iâ—sula_fw-la bartolas_n do_v in_o his_o opinion_n allow_v for_o prince_n and_o people_n at_o the_o seaside_n centum_fw-la mitliaria_fw-la which_o be_v one_o hundred_o league_n of_o sea_n from_o their_o coast_n if_o they_o extend_v their_o protection_n so_o far_o call_v by_o they_o districtus_fw-la maris_fw-la &_o territorium_fw-la which_o be_v most_o plain_a in_o those_o sea_n where_o the_o isle_n of_o garnesey_n and_o jarnesey_n be_v so_o sensible_a and_o visible_a to_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n dominion_n visible_a mark_v of_o dominion_n or_o where_o there_o be_v such_o rock_n or_o eminent_a mark_n as_o the_o washes_n at_o the_o west_n sea_n thereof_o to_o which_o purpose_n paulus_n a_o renown_a civilian_n say_v that_o it_o be_v not_o needful_a for_o he_o who_o will_v possess_v himself_o of_o 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and_o here_o i_o must_v remember_v the_o singular_a care_n which_o the_o right_a reverend_a father_n in_o god_n doctor_n abbot_n now_o archbishop_n of_o canturburie_n canturburie_n a_o rare_a book_n remoin_v with_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canturburie_n and_o metropolitan_a of_o england_n have_v have_v in_o procure_v at_o his_o great_a charge_n for_o the_o good_a of_o our_o posterity_n a_o excellent_a great_a volume_n or_o manuscript_n which_o be_v heretofore_o take_v at_o calais_n in_o france_n when_o the_o spaniard_n take_v the_o same_o anno_fw-la 1596_o and_o carry_v to_o brussels_n in_o the_o low-countries_n whereof_o i_o have_v have_v the_o perusal_n and_o make_v a_o abstract_n of_o the_o chapter_n of_o the_o same_o viz._n the_o treaty_n of_o peace_n between_o edward_n the_o three_o king_n of_o england_n and_o john_n king_n of_o france_n for_o themselves_o and_o their_o elder_a son_n namely_o edward_n the_o black_a prince_n of_o wales_n and_z charles_n duke_n of_o normandy_n regent_n the_o french_a king_n his_o father_n be_v prisoner_n to_o the_o say_a king_n edward_n which_o treaty_n be_v make_v the_o eight_o of_o may_v 1360_o in_o brittany_n near_o chartres_n and_o confirm_v at_o calais_n whereupon_o sixteen_o hostage_n be_v give_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n by_o the_o french_a king_n who_o be_v to_o come_v thither_o in_o person_n and_o to_o pay_v three_o million_o of_o crown_n for_o his_o ransom_n of_o two_o crown_n to_o be_v reckon_v for_o a_o english_a noble_a call_v in_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o his_o time_n angel_n noble_a be_v some_o 750000_o 〈◊〉_d sterling_a france_n the_o ransom_n of_o king_n john_n of_o france_n the_o ship_n whereof_o upon_o the_o one_o side_n do_v signify_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n whereunto_o old_a chaucer_n the_o poet_n do_v allude_v in_o henry_n the_o five_o his_o time_n this_o money_n be_v to_o be_v pay_v to_o weet_v six_o hundred_o thousand_o crown_n at_o calais_n within_o 4_o month_n after_o king_n johns_n arrival_n there_o more_fw-mi four_o hundred_o thousand_o crown_n within_o the_o year_n and_o so_o much_o yearly_a until_o the_o full_a payment_n make_v
a_o sum_n of_o money_n of_o the_o owner_n of_o a_o ship_n in_o consideration_n that_o he_o fraight_v the_o say_a ship_n for_o a_o voyage_n promise_v to_o repay_v the_o say_a money_n at_o the_o return_n of_o the_o say_a voyage_n if_o the_o say_a factor_n have_v freight_v this_o ship_n for_o another_o man_n account_n this_o merchant_n be_v to_o have_v the_o benefit_n of_o this_o money_n during_o the_o time_n and_o if_o the_o factor_n conceal_v the_o same_o he_o be_v to_o repair_v the_o damage_n thereof_o which_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v both_o for_o the_o interest_n and_o adventure_v of_o the_o sea_n for_o the_o say_a owner_n bear_v the_o same_o and_o it_o be_v suppose_v that_o the_o merchant_n will_v have_v assure_v so_o much_o the_o less_o or_o by_o employ_v that_o money_n towards_o the_o lade_n of_o the_o ship_n he_o shall_v disburse_v to_o much_o money_n less_o to_o make_v the_o say_a voyage_n and_o it_o may_v be_v think_v that_o in_o regard_n of_o that_o money_n the_o freight_n be_v make_v the_o great_a whereof_o the_o say_v owner_n of_o the_o ship_n have_v have_v a_o consideration_n by_o disburse_v the_o same_o assurance_n assurance_n if_o a_o factor_n be_v require_v to_o make_v assurance_n for_o a_o merchant_n upon_o a_o ship_n or_o good_n lade_v for_o a_o certain_a voyage_n and_o have_v money_n in_o his_o hand_n to_o pay_v for_o the_o premio_fw-la or_o the_o price_n of_o assurance_n and_o this_o factor_n do_v neglect_v the_o same_o and_o give_v no_o notice_n of_o it_o to_o the_o merchant_n who_o may_v have_v make_v assurance_n in_o another_o place_n and_o the_o say_a ship_n or_o good_n do_v perish_v at_o the_o sea_n this_o factor_n be_v to_o answer_v the_o damage_n unless_o he_o can_v give_v some_o sufficient_a reason_n for_o the_o non-performance_n of_o the_o say_a order_n or_o commission_n order_n composition_n make_v without_o order_n if_o a_o factor_n have_v make_v assurance_n upon_o good_n lade_v which_o afterward_o be_v take_v by_o the_o enemy_n make_v any_o composition_n with_o the_o assurer_n for_o the_o same_o without_o order_n or_o commission_n for_o it_o he_o be_v to_o answer_v the_o whole_a assurance_n to_o the_o merchant_n a_o merchant_n cause_v a_o ship_n to_o be_v freight_v and_o lade_v with_o commodity_n for_o constantinople_n by_o a_o factor_n of_o london_n himself_o dwell_v at_o antuerpe_n and_o be_v a_o subject_n to_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n in_o the_o late_a war_n cause_v 2000_o will_v to_o be_v assure_v at_o london_n upon_o the_o say_a good_n the_o ship_n and_o good_n be_v take_v by_o the_o galley_n of_o sicilia_n and_o bring_v to_o palermo_n where_o it_o be_v prove_v that_o the_o good_n do_v appertain_v to_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n his_o subject_n but_o that_o there_o be_v 2000_o will_v assure_v at_o london_n by_o english_a merchant_n their_o enemy_n in_o those_o day_n pretend_v thereupon_o to_o take_v the_o say_v good_n for_o forfeit_a or_o so_o much_o of_o they_o as_o shall_v amount_v to_o the_o sum_n so_o assure_v hereupon_o the_o assurer_n have_v intimation_n from_o the_o factor_n of_o it_o desire_v to_o make_v some_o composition_n to_o avoid_v that_o danger_n whereby_o the_o good_n also_o may_v be_v soon_o clear_v and_o the_o possession_n obtain_v for_o the_o owner_n and_o proprietary_n thereof_o which_o be_v the_o merchant_n of_o antuerp_n wherein_o expedition_n be_v require_v the_o factor_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o say_a expedition_n do_v not_o stay_v to_o receive_v a_o answer_n from_o the_o merchant_n what_o he_o shall_v do_v but_o make_v a_o composition_n with_o the_o assuror_n for_o 60_o pound_n for_o the_o hundred_o pound_n to_o be_v pay_v instant_o the_o good_n be_v afterward_o all_o recover_v whereof_o so_o much_o as_o have_v be_v assure_v be_v former_o relinquish_v to_o the_o assuror_n for_o the_o merchant_n will_v not_o condescend_v to_o make_v any_o composition_n with_o the_o assuror_n so_o that_o the_o factor_n do_v bear_v the_o adventure_n to_o lose_v 2000_o will_v for_o some_o 1200_o will_v which_o he_o have_v receive_v if_o the_o good_n have_v not_o be_v recover_v and_o therefore_o the_o say_a factor_n take_v to_o himself_o the_o benefit_n of_o this_o composition_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o experience_a merchant_n if_o a_o factor_n by_o error_n of_o account_n do_v wrong_a unto_o a_o merchant_n account_n account_n he_o be_v to_o amend_v and_o to_o make_v good_a the_o same_o not_o only_o for_o the_o principal_a but_o also_o with_o the_o interest_n for_o the_o time_n so_o on_o the_o contrary_a if_o a_o factor_n for_o his_o own_o wrong_n have_v forget_v to_o charge_v the_o merchant_n account_n with_o some_o parcel_n pay_v out_o for_o he_o or_o make_v over_o by_o exchange_n the_o merchant_n be_v to_o answer_v for_o it_o with_o interest_n for_o the_o time_n in_o these_o precedent_a observation_n be_v comprise_v all_o other_o case_n of_o difference_n which_o may_v happen_v between_o factor_n and_o merchant_n cahp._n xvii_o of_o the_o beginning_n of_o sea_n law_n have_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n methodical_o entreat_v as_o also_o in_o this_o hitherto_o of_o the_o matter_n therein_o intend_v nevertheless_o according_a to_o the_o content_n of_o they_o the_o matter_n be_v of_o several_a nature_n run_v promiscuous_o but_o in_o the_o end_n will_v perform_v the_o work_n for_o as_o the_o roundness_n of_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o world_n be_v compound_v of_o the_o water_n and_o the_o earth_n so_o this_o work_n of_o the_o law-merchant_n can_v be_v complete_a without_o the_o sea_n law_n so_o call_v law_n because_o they_o be_v write_v and_o know_v for_o without_o navigation_n commerce_n be_v of_o small_a moment_n so_o that_o the_o land_n affair_n shall_v be_v intermix_v with_o seafaring_a matter_n according_o some_o do_v attribute_v the_o first_o make_v of_o sea_n law_n to_o the_o pheniciaus_fw-la and_o carthaginian_n because_o pliny_n do_v ascribe_v the_o art_n of_o sail_v unto_o they_o but_o by_o the_o most_o ancient_a record_n the_o beginning_n must_v be_v from_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o island_n of_o rhodes_n law_n rhodian_a law_n situate_v within_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n who_o be_v most_o famous_a for_o ship_v and_o sail_v as_o strabo_n have_v write_v and_o surpass_v all_o nation_n in_o knowledge_n of_o equity_n in_o maritime_a cause_n and_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n be_v for_o above_o one_o thousand_o year_n only_o rule_v by_o their_o law_n call_v the_o rhodian_a law_n although_o augment_v with_o some_o addition_n of_o the_o roman_n at_o last_o as_o some_o have_v record_v when_o all_o sort_n of_o law_n by_o the_o eversion_n and_o lacerate_v of_o the_o roman_a empire_n be_v in_o a_o manner_n bury_v the_o ruler_n of_o rome_n in_o the_o year_n 1075_o make_v new_a sea_n law_n and_o statute_n and_o so_o do_v every_o chief_a seafaring_a town_n upon_o the_o say_a mediterranean_a coast_n add_v thereunto_o other_o ordinance_n so_o do_v they_o of_o marseilles_n in_o the_o year_n 1162_o genoa_n in_o the_o year_n 1186_o they_o of_o peloponessus_n call_v morea_n in_o the_o year_n 1200_o the_o venetian_n in_o the_o year_n 1262_o constantine_n 1270_o james_n king_n of_o arragon_n the_o say_a year_n peter_n king_n of_o arragon_n 1340_o and_o they_o of_o barselona_n 1434_o which_o law_n be_v collect_v and_o extant_a until_o this_o day_n but_o on_o the_o great_a ocean_n sea_n oleron_n the_o law_n of_o oleron_n the_o first_o law_n be_v make_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o island_n of_o oleron_n situate_a on_o the_o sea-coast_n of_o france_n near_o saint_n martin_n de_fw-fr rea_n against_o the_o river_n of_o charante_n which_o be_v call_v le_fw-fr roll_n d'_fw-fr oleron_n by_o which_o the_o controversy_n on_o that_o coast_n be_v determine_v and_o the_o say_a law_n be_v afterward_o disperse_v and_o bring_v in_o use_n in_o england_n and_o the_o low_a country_n whereupon_o diverse_a statute_n both_o in_o england_n and_o scotland_n have_v be_v enact_v for_o seafaring_a business_n and_o in_o like_a manner_n diverse_a ordinance_n in_o the_o low_a country_n especial_o since_o their_o fish_n trade_n begin_v edward_n the_o three_o king_n of_o england_n cause_v with_o the_o advice_n of_o diverse_a man_n of_o knowledge_n and_o experience_n in_o maritime_a cause_n diverse_a article_n to_o be_v set_v down_o france_n admiralty_n court_n in_o france_n and_o these_o be_v enroll_v and_o obey_v for_o the_o government_n of_o the_o admiral_n court_n and_o the_o french_a king_n john_n make_v his_o contract_n with_o king_n edward_z according_o concern_v the_o fish_n trade_n as_o by_o the_o record_n extant_a in_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n where_o i_o have_v see_v they_o may_v appear_v francis_n the_o french_a king_n and_o henry_n the_o three_o of_o france_n have_v make_v some_o statute_n law_n concern_v the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n but_o the_o substance_n of_o all_o
have_v be_v content_v since_o our_o come_n to_o the_o crown_n to_o tolerate_v a_o indifferent_a and_o promiscuous_a kind_n of_o liberty_n to_o all_o our_o friend_n whatsoever_o to_o fish_n upon_o our_o stream_n and_o upon_o any_o of_o our_o coast_n of_o great_a britain_n ireland_n and_o other_o adjacent_a island_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o the_o permission_n or_o use_n thereof_o may_v not_o redound_v to_o the_o impeachment_n of_o our_o prerogative_n royal_a nor_o to_o the_o hurt_n and_o damage_n of_o our_o love_a subject_n who_o preservation_n and_o flourish_a estate_n we_o hold_v ourselves_o principal_o bind_v to_o advance_v before_o all_o worldly_a respect_n so_o find_v that_o our_o conivence_n therein_o have_v not_o only_o give_v occasion_n of_o over_o great_a encroachment_n upon_o our_o regality_n or_o rather_o question_v of_o our_o right_n but_o have_v be_v a_o mean_n of_o much_o daily_a wrong_n to_o our_o own_o people_n that_o exercise_n the_o trade_n of_o fish_v as_o either_o by_o the_o multitude_n of_o stranger_n which_o do_v preoccupy_v those_o place_n or_o by_o the_o injury_n which_o they_o receive_v most_o common_o at_o their_o hand_n our_o subject_n be_v constrain_v to_o abandon_v their_o fish_n or_o at_o the_o least_o become_v so_o discourage_v in_o the_o same_o as_o they_o hold_v it_o better_o for_o they_o to_o betake_v themselves_o to_o some_o other_o course_n of_o live_v whereby_o not_o only_o diverse_a of_o our_o coast_n town_n be_v much_o decay_v but_o the_o number_n of_o mariner_n daily_o diminish_v which_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o great_a consequence_n to_o our_o estate_n consider_v how_o much_o the_o strength_n thereof_o consist_v in_o the_o power_n of_o ship_n and_o the_o use_n of_o navigation_n we_o have_v think_v it_o now_o both_o just_a and_o necessary_a in_o respect_n that_o we_o be_v now_o by_o god_n favour_n lineal_o and_o lawful_o possess_v as_o well_o of_o the_o island_n of_o great_a britain_n as_o of_o ireland_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o isle_n adjacent_a to_o bethink_v ourselves_o of_o good_a and_o lawful_a mean_n to_o prevent_v those_o inconvenience_n and_o many_o other_o depend_v upon_o the_o same_o in_o the_o consideration_n whereof_o as_o we_o be_v desirous_a that_o the_o world_n may_v take_v notice_n that_o we_o have_v no_o intention_n to_o deny_v our_o neighbour_n and_o ally_n those_o fruit_n and_o benefit_n of_o peace_n and_o friendship_n which_o may_v be_v just_o expect_v at_o our_o hand_n in_o honour_n and_o reason_n or_o be_v afford_v by_o other_o prince_n mutual_o in_o the_o point_n of_o commerce_n and_o exchange_n of_o those_o thing_n which_o may_v not_o prove_v prejudicial_a to_o they_o so_o because_o some_o such_o convenient_a order_n may_v be_v take_v in_o this_o matter_n as_o may_v sufficient_o provide_v for_o all_o these_o important_a consideration_n which_o do_v depend_v thereupon_o we_o have_v resolve_v first_o to_o give_v notice_n to_o all_o the_o world_n that_o our_o express_a pleasure_n be_v that_o from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o month_n of_o august_n next_o come_v no_o person_n of_o what_o nation_n or_o quality_n soever_o be_v not_o our_o natural_a bear_v subject_n be_v permit_v to_o fish_v upon_o any_o of_o our_o coast_n and_o sea_n of_o great_a britain_n ireland_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o isle_n adjacent_a where_o most_o usual_o heretofore_o any_o fish_n have_v be_v until_o they_o have_v orderly_o demand_v and_o obtain_v licence_n from_o we_o or_o such_o our_o commissioner_n as_o we_o have_v authorise_v in_o that_o behalf_n viz._n at_o london_n for_o our_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o ireland_n and_o at_o edinburgh_n for_o our_o realm_n of_o scotland_n which_o licence_n our_o intention_n be_v shall_v be_v yearly_a demand_v for_o so_o many_o vessel_n and_o ship_n and_o the_o tonnage_n thereof_o as_o shall_v intend_v to_o fish_v for_o that_o whole_a year_n or_o any_o part_n thereof_o upon_o any_o of_o our_o coast_n and_o sea_n as_o aforesaid_a upon_o pain_n of_o such_o chastisement_n as_o shall_v be_v fit_a to_o be_v inflict_v upon_o such_o wilful_a offender_n give_v at_o our_o palace_n of_o westminster_n the_o six_o of_o may_n in_o the_o seven_o year_n of_o our_o reign_n of_o great_a britain_n france_n and_o ireland_n anno_fw-la dom._n 1609._o by_o this_o proclamation_n be_v his_o majesty_n right_a and_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n express_v in_o two_o word_n by_o lineal_a and_o lawful_a possession_n of_o a_o hereditary_a kingdom_n or_o kingdom_n whereunto_o those_o sea_n be_v join_v and_o appertain_v it_o be_v not_o a_o dominion_n obtain_v by_o a_o elective_a kingdom_n as_o poland_n hungary_n and_o other_o neither_o be_v it_o have_v by_o any_o first_o discovery_n wherein_o the_o pope_n must_v be_v a_o mediator_n as_o alexander_n the_o six_o be_v between_o the_o king_n of_o castille_n and_o portugal_n upon_o the_o discovery_n of_o the_o east_n and_o west-indies_n by_o draw_v a_o line_n upon_o the_o globe_n from_o the_o island_n of_o the_o canary_n to_o make_v the_o division_n between_o they_o neither_o be_v it_o like_v to_o the_o whale_n fish_v in_o greeneland_n where_o some_o upon_o their_o discovery_n take_v neither_o possession_n much_o less_o have_v any_o occupation_n which_o make_v the_o strong_a right_o neither_o be_v it_o by_o gift_n or_o purchase_n as_o some_o italian_a prince_n in_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n which_o do_v nevertheless_o enjoy_v both_o freedom_n and_o benefit_n thereby_o but_o it_o be_v undoubted_a and_o indisputable_a as_o aforesaid_a to_o conclude_v this_o argument_n sea_n the_o best_a mark_n of_o distinct_a dominion_n upon_o the_o sea_n the_o distinct_a dominion_n of_o a_o border_a prince_n upon_o the_o sea_n be_v best_a see_v by_o the_o tribute_n or_o tax_n which_o he_o take_v upon_o fish_v ship_n whereof_o we_o have_v many_o precedent_n in_o russia_n many_o league_n from_o the_o main_n fisherman_n do_v pay_v great_a tax_n to_o the_o emperor_n of_o russia_n and_o in_o most_o place_n none_o but_o his_o subject_n be_v permit_v to_o fish_n and_o the_o hollander_n do_v give_v he_o the_o ten_o fish_n the_o king_n of_o denmark_n take_v great_a tribute_n both_o at_o wardhouse_n and_o the_o sound_n the_o king_n of_o sweathen_a have_v do_v the_o like_a which_o be_v now_o continue_v by_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n for_o norway_n the_o duke_n of_o medina_n sidonia_n take_v for_o tunyne_n king_n edward_n the_o three_o of_o england_n take_v six_o penny_n for_o every_o tun_n in_o his_o time_n which_o by_o inhaunce_v of_o the_o money_n be_v now_o 18_o penny_n all_o the_o border_a prince_n of_o italy_n do_v take_v tribute_n of_o the_o fish_n take_v within_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n for_o their_o several_a territory_n in_o lappia_n fisherman_n do_v pay_v money_n in_o the_o sound_n for_o passage_n to_o fetch_v it_o over_o and_o above_o the_o ten_o fish_n the_o earl_n of_o orkney_n take_v the_o ten_o fish_n for_o the_o isle_n of_o orcades_n under_o his_o jurisdiction_n as_o the_o fisherman_n do_v to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o manor_n in_o the_o west_n part_n of_o england_n for_o pilchard_n hake_n and_o conger_n the_o state_n of_o the_o unite_a low_a country_n do_v take_v a_o imposition_n upon_o fish_n take_v within_o the_o sea_n and_o stream_n of_o other_o prince_n as_o also_o near_o their_o coast_n and_o their_o subject_n traffic_v with_o the_o russian_n as_o haunce_n noblett_n haunce_n van_n stracle_n robert_n englegrave_n and_o other_o do_v continual_o pay_v the_o ten_o fish_n unto_o the_o emperor_n of_o russia_n all_o which_o be_v requisite_a for_o merchant_n to_o know_v to_o prevent_v trouble_n or_o loss_n for_o the_o pretence_n of_o ignorance_n do_v not_o excuse_n as_o our_o merchant_n of_o kingston_n upon_o hull_n have_v find_v to_o their_o exceed_a loss_n heretofore_o chap._n xxxvi_o of_o custom_n subsidy_n and_o imposition_n pay_v upon_o commodity_n whereas_o custom_n subsidy_n imposition_n toll_n nation_n custom_n upon_o commodity_n due_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n accize_n impost_n and_o other_o duty_n by_o the_o exemplary_a action_n of_o prince_n and_o commonweal_n be_v due_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n as_o a_o matter_n inherent_a to_o their_o prerogative_n because_o they_o be_v absolute_a commander_n in_o their_o harbour_n haven_n and_o port_n where_o commodity_n be_v export_v and_o import_v every_o merchant_n be_v bind_v to_o take_v notice_n thereof_o and_o to_o observe_v the_o same_o according_a to_o the_o ordinance_n and_o proceed_n use_v therein_o in_o all_o country_n respective_o to_o avoid_v the_o danger_n of_o the_o loss_n and_o forfeiture_n of_o his_o commodity_n and_o to_o make_v a_o true_a calculation_n how_o to_o buy_v and_o sell_v to_o profit_n observe_v how_o much_o upon_o the_o hundred_o pound_n in_o value_n of_o his_o commodity_n rate_v by_o the_o order_n of_o diverse_a country_n the_o same_o amount_v unto_o and_o to_o add_v the_o
as_o for_o the_o erect_n of_o school_n and_o university_n maintenance_n of_o the_o poor_a and_o of_o widow_n and_o orphan_n reparation_n of_o church_n and_o highway_n and_o ditch_n for_o the_o plantation_n of_o collonye_n of_o people_n in_o other_o country_n and_o build_v of_o town_n and_o castle_n for_o their_o maintenance_n as_o also_o to_o erect_v pawne-house_n to_o supply_v the_o necessity_n of_o the_o mechanical_a poor_a suppress_v intolerable_a usury_n whereof_o we_o shall_v entreat_v in_o the_o second_o part_n of_o this_o book_n concern_v money_n the_o etymology_n of_o the_o word_n lotarie_a be_v derive_v from_o the_o word_n lot_n and_o albeit_o all_o lotary_n be_v thing_n casual_a in_o respect_n of_o man_n to_o who_o the_o lot_n fall_v yet_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o providence_n of_o god_n they_o be_v certain_a in_o effect_n by_o the_o say_v divine_a dispose_n of_o the_o lot_n insomuch_o that_o howsoever_o the_o word_n fortune_n chance_n fate_n destiny_n and_o casualty_n be_v borrow_v from_o the_o heathen_n it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o respect_v the_o effect_n and_o operation_n of_o god_n towards_o man_n they_o be_v proper_a distinction_n of_o god_n divine_a providence_n and_o hence_o arise_v the_o proverb_n nemo_fw-la sva_fw-la sort_n contentus_fw-la vivit_fw-la *_o âŽ_o *_o chap._n xlii_o of_o association_n monopoly_n engrossing_n and_o forestallings_n association_n be_v twofold_a the_o one_o be_v do_v by_o public_a authority_n of_o prince_n or_o state_n upon_o grant_n make_v by_o letter_n patent_n which_o be_v proper_o call_v society_n as_o the_o company_n of_o merchant_n adventurer_n adventurer_n society_n of_o the_o merchant_n adventurer_n which_o be_v of_o 400_o year_n stand_v or_o thereabouts_o reckon_v from_o the_o year_n 1248_o when_o the_o say_v merchant_n obtain_v privilege_n of_o john_n duke_n of_o brabant_n and_o be_v call_v the_o brotherhood_n of_o saint_n thomas_n becket_n of_o canturburie_n which_o be_v confirm_v by_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o henry_n the_o four_o henry_n the_o five_o edward_z the_o four_o henry_n the_o six_o richard_z the_o three_o and_o king_n henry_n the_o seven_o who_o give_v they_o the_o name_n of_o merchant_n adventurer_n after_o he_o also_o confirm_v by_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o edward_n the_o six_o queen_n marie_n queen_n elizabeth_n and_o last_o by_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n king_n james_n not_o without_o many_o enemy_n and_o opposition_n and_o most_o especial_o of_o late_a tax_v they_o to_o be_v monopolizer_n and_o unprofitable_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v that_o all_o our_o clothes_n be_v not_o dress_v and_o dye_v in_o england_n whereupon_o their_o patent_n be_v for_o a_o time_n suspend_v but_o afterwards_o confirm_v again_o unto_o they_o by_o his_o majesty_n ample_a proclamation_n as_o this_o society_n be_v of_o ancient_a estimation_n so_o be_v their_o government_n very_o commendable_a and_o preserve_v the_o amity_n and_o intercourse_n between_o the_o realm_n and_o other_o neighbour_n prince_n and_o state_n vent_v the_o best_a commodity_n of_o the_o kingdom_n yet_o so_o that_o every_o man_n sell_v free_o at_o his_o pleasure_n without_o any_o combination_n or_o limitation_n to_o the_o great_a honour_n and_o service_n of_o the_o state_n wherein_o they_o may_v daily_o see_v and_o observe_v more_o and_o more_o as_o be_v heretofore_o declare_v etc._n society_n of_o east-indies_n virginia_n etc._n etc._n the_o east-india_n merchant_n be_v also_o a_o society_n but_o their_o adventurer_n run_v all_o into_o main_a stock_n and_o be_v govern_v and_o carry_v all_o joint_o upon_o benefit_n or_o loss_n this_o company_n begin_v in_o the_o year_n 1599_o so_o the_o merchant_n of_o turkey_n be_v a_o society_n also_o the_o virginia_n and_o barmuda_n merchant_n and_o diverse_a other_o be_v society_n incorporate_v by_o his_o majesty_n letter_n patent_n as_o aforesaid_a the_o other_o association_n be_v do_v by_o and_o between_o merchant_n of_o their_o own_o authority_n contract_n partnership_n by_o contract_n join_v themselves_o together_o for_o to_o deal_v and_o trade_n either_o for_o year_n or_o voyage_n and_o this_o be_v proper_o call_v partnership_n where_o one_o man_n do_v adventure_v a_o thousand_o pound_n another_o five_o hundred_o pound_n another_o three_o hundred_o pound_n and_o another_o four_o hundred_o pound_n more_o or_o less_o as_o they_o agree_v among_o themselves_o to_o make_v a_o stock_n every_o man_n to_o have_v his_o profit_n or_o to_o bear_v loss_n and_o adventure_n according_a to_o their_o several_a stock_n in_o one_o or_o many_o voyage_n for_o one_o or_o more_o year_n beside_o the_o money_n take_v up_o at_o use_n to_o trade_n withal_o proportionable_o according_a to_o the_o rate_n of_o their_o stock_n by_o part_n and_o portion_n to_o be_v divide_v into_o so_o many_o part_n as_o they_o agree_v wherein_o the_o condition_n be_v diverse_a which_o must_v be_v observe_v true_o and_o the_o account_v according_o otherwise_o all_o will_v run_v into_o a_o labyrinth_n and_o confusion_n and_o by_o the_o common_a law_n one_o partner_n can_v proceed_v against_o another_o and_o in_o chancery_n the_o suit_n may_v be_v prolong_v for_o the_o life_n of_o a_o man_n unless_o the_o law-merchant_n be_v better_o understand_v and_o the_o auditor_n office_n be_v enable_v to_o end_v these_o business_n with_o brevity_n and_o expedition_n there_o be_v another_o branch_n of_o this_o manner_n of_o partnership_n employment_n partnership_n by_o employment_n which_o come_v to_o pass_v when_o factor_n beyond_o the_o sea_n deal_v for_o diverse_a merchant_n will_v sometime_o make_v employment_n of_o several_a man_n money_n in_o one_o kind_n of_o commodity_n to_o be_v divide_v among_o they_o here_o one_o may_v become_v a_o partner_n unaware_o and_o unknown_a as_o of_o late_o i_o know_v the_o like_a do_v happen_v in_o a_o great_a bargain_n of_o tobacco_n whereupon_o all_o the_o partner_n be_v seven_o in_o number_n be_v fall_v out_o and_o diverse_a of_o they_o be_v in_o law_n this_o course_n although_o use_v be_v very_o dangerous_a especial_o when_o they_o use_v many_o factor_n one_o merchant_n send_v commodity_n to_o his_o factor_n to_o be_v sell_v in_o spain_n and_o give_v order_n that_o by_o that_o mean_v he_o shall_v provide_v money_n for_o his_o part_n of_o the_o employment_n of_o tobacco_n to_o be_v make_v another_o merchant_n he_o send_v a_o letter_n of_o credit_n of_o a_o friend_n of_o he_o that_o so_o much_o money_n shall_v be_v take_v up_o by_o exchange_n for_o antuerpe_n or_o london_n as_o shall_v be_v needful_a for_o his_o part_n another_o merchant_n he_o cause_v so_o much_o money_n to_o be_v make_v over_o to_o his_o factor_n by_o exchange_n â—â—om_n antuerpe_n as_o will_v furnish_v for_o his_o part_n two_o other_o merchant_n dwell_v in_o spain_n do_v furnish_v their_o part_n there_o themselves_o and_o among_o they_o all_o they_o admit_v in_o spain_n one_o factor_n dwell_v there_o to_o buy_v the_o tobacco_n and_o he_o have_v a_o part_n with_o they_o but_o find_v the_o mean_n to_o disburse_v no_o money_n for_o his_o part_n because_o he_o buy_v the_o say_a parcel_n of_o tobacco_n amount_v to_o some_o twelve_o thousand_o ducat_n and_o condition_v to_o pay_v a_o good_a part_n of_o it_o at_o six_o or_o more_o month_n and_o the_o seven_o merchant_n he_o provide_v not_o any_o money_n and_o neverle_n will_v have_v his_o part_n because_o he_o give_v order_n to_o his_o factor_n to_o take_v it_o up_o by_o exchange_n for_o london_n upon_o he_o promise_v that_o he_o will_v pay_v the_o same_o here_o hereupon_o the_o bargain_n and_o employment_n of_o tobacco_n be_v make_v the_o good_n receive_v and_o send_v over_o to_o london_n where_o it_o be_v divide_o deliver_v to_o some_o of_o the_o say_a partner_n to_o be_v sell_v with_o one_o and_o other_o privity_n for_o the_o general_a account_n of_o they_o all_o to_o be_v make_v up_o among_o they_o to_o clear_v the_o say_a account_n and_o every_o man_n to_o have_v his_o part_n of_o the_o benefit_n and_o profit_n and_o likewise_o to_o bear_v such_o loss_n as_o may_v decrease_v their_o profit_n according_a to_o equity_n and_o conscience_n interim_n it_o happen_v that_o the_o factor_n who_o buy_v the_o say_a tobacco_n die_v insoluent_a who_o do_v not_o only_o leave_v his_o own_o part_n unpaid_a but_o a_o far_o great_a sum_n which_o the_o other_o two_o partner_n be_v fain_o to_o pay_v be_v bind_v for_o it_o in_o all_o amount_v to_o 1300_o will_v starling_n now_o the_o question_n be_v how_o this_o loss_n shall_v be_v bear_v among_o they_o the_o first_o merchant_n he_o say_v i_o do_v send_v commodity_n and_o by_o the_o provenue_n thereof_o my_o part_n be_v pay_v by_o he_o that_o die_v and_o that_o depend_v upon_o account_n to_o be_v clear_v between_o he_o and_o the_o party_n decease_v the_o second_o merchant_n he_o say_v my_o part_n be_v pay_v in_o ready_a money_n in_o spain_n take_v up_o
to_o give_v twenty_o per_fw-la 100_o for_o the_o year_n and_o so_o from_o year_n to_o year_n and_o die_v the_o principal_a be_v they_o one_o hundred_o pound_n for_o eight_o life_n by_o equality_n decrease_v the_o penny_n 8_o be_v 12_o will_v 10_o ss_z for_o two_o life_n 11_o will_v 2_o ss_z for_o three_o life_n 10_o will_v for_o four_o life_n 9_o will_v 1_o ss_z 9_o penny_n be_v 6_o will_v 5_o ss_z for_o eight_o life_n the_o city_n of_o amsterdam_n be_v wont_a to_o give_v good_a consideration_n and_o do_v observe_v this_o order_n upon_o a_o hundred_o gelder_n for_n eight_o life_n give_v 16_o 13_o 4_o life_n observation_n of_o money_n deliver_v upon_o life_n of_o nine_o life_n 19_o 1_o 0_o upon_o ten_o life_n they_o give_v 22_o 4_o 5_o upon_o eleven_o life_n 26_o 13_o 4_o upon_o twelve_o life_n 33_o 6_o 8_o upon_o seven_o life_n 14_o 6_o 4_o upon_o six_o life_n 13_o 6_o 8_o here_o you_o be_v to_o remember_v the_o observation_n of_o assuror_n whether_o the_o person_n be_v young_a or_o old_a sober_a in_o their_o diet_n and_o behaviour_n much_o travel_v abroad_o or_o stay_v at_o home_n subject_a to_o sickness_n and_o the_o like_a consideration_n house_n rent_n upon_o house_n money_n deliver_v upon_o annuity_n for_o rent_n seem_v more_o reasonable_a than_o pension_n upon_o life_n because_o you_o bear_v only_o the_o adventure_n of_o the_o decay_n of_o house_n or_o destruction_n of_o they_o in_o time_n of_o war_n and_o much_o more_o shall_v be_v give_v without_o pawn_n than_o with_o pawn_n or_o mortgage_n it_o be_v commodious_a for_o a_o man_n have_v waste_a ground_n and_o intend_v to_o build_v upon_o they_o to_o take_v much_o money_n upon_o rent_n after_o 6_o ¼_n pro_fw-la cent_n which_o many_o city_n give_v continual_o to_o increase_v their_o wealth_n and_o inhabitant_n and_o because_o the_o valuation_n of_o their_o money_n do_v often_o alter_v and_o be_v enhance_v whereby_o all_o thing_n become_v dear_a specie_fw-la rent_n pay_v in_o specie_fw-la the_o party_n be_v advise_v to_o have_v their_o rent_n pay_v in_o specie_fw-la in_o crown_n dollar_n ducat_n to_o be_v pay_v as_o former_o they_o be_v currant_n the_o danger_n in_o time_n of_o war_n cause_v rent_n to_o decrease_v for_o the_o ancient_a rent_n be_v always_o first_o to_o be_v pay_v although_o all_o other_o be_v loser_n *_o âŽ_o *_o chap._n xix_o of_o the_o denomination_n and_o division_n of_o money_n of_o diverse_a country_n the_o denomination_n division_n and_o subdivision_n of_o the_o money_n of_o all_o country_n be_v most_o necessary_a for_o merchant_n and_o all_o other_o to_o be_v know_v because_o without_o it_o they_o sail_v in_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n without_o compass_n abandon_v at_o all_o uncertainty_n and_o danger_n to_o have_v true_a equality_n and_o equity_n observe_v in_o their_o buy_n and_o selling_n and_o that_o more_o especial_o if_o the_o course_n of_o exchange_n be_v neglect_v as_o shall_v be_v declare_v hereafter_o some_o of_o these_o money_n be_v imaginary_a and_o some_o be_v substantial_a or_o real_a in_o specie_fw-la and_o yet_o not_o concur_v in_o price_n or_o value_n england_n england_n in_o england_n concern_v silver_n coin_n there_o be_v the_o crown_n of_o five_o shilling_n and_o the_o half_a crown_n of_o two_o shilling_n six_o penny_n the_o shilling_n the_o six_o penny_n the_o four_o penny_n or_o groat_n the_o three_o penny_n two_o penny_n three_o half_a penny_n the_o penny_n and_o half_a penny_n of_o sterling_a silver_n and_o the_o farthing_n of_o copper_n the_o ordinary_a golden_a coin_n be_v the_o unite_v piece_n of_o 22_o shilling_n the_o half_a of_o eleven_o shilling_n and_o the_o crown_n or_o quarter_n of_o five_o shilling_n six_o penny_n and_o the_o â…›_n part_v two_o shilling_n nine_o penny_n and_o the_o five_o piece_n coin_a at_o four_o shilling_n make_v twenty_o two_o shilling_n with_o the_o rose_n and_o the_o thistle_n the_o laureate_a king_n james_n of_o twenty_o two_o carrat_n fine_a of_o twenty_o shilling_n and_o the_o half_a piece_n scotland_n scotland_n in_o scotland_n be_v the_o cross_a dagger_n piece_n of_o eleven_o shilling_n and_o the_o half_a of_o it_o and_o their_o rider_n of_o ten_o shilling_n six_o penny_n and_o for_o their_o silver_n coin_v the_o mark_n piece_n value_v at_o 13_o penny_n ½_n in_o england_n and_o the_o half_a of_o the_o same_o as_o also_o six_o small_a piece_n of_o above_o two_o penny_n for_o the_o say_a mark_n ireland_n ireland_n in_o ireland_n where_o no_o mint_n have_v be_v since_o king_n edward_n the_o four_o of_o england_n the_o fifteen_o shilling_n sterling_a make_v twenty_o shilling_n irish_a and_o the_o silver_n harp_n of_o nine_o penny_n sterling_a be_v there_o currant_n for_o twelve_o penny_n and_o the_o moiety_n thereof_o according_o and_o the_o abovesaid_a gold_n coin_n be_v currant_n as_o in_o england_n or_o in_o sterling_a reduce_v into_o their_o irish_a money_n one_o three_o part_n more_o so_o that_o the_o twenty_o shilling_n piece_n of_o laureate_a king_n james_n be_v there_o four_o noble_n and_o all_o other_o division_n of_o it_o according_o so_o the_o english_a shilling_n be_v sixteen_o penny_n irish_a and_o the_o part_n of_o it_o according_o all_o other_o old_a irish_a coin_n be_v out_o of_o use_n and_o little_a quantity_n to_o be_v find_v of_o it_o in_o germany_n they_o make_v all_o their_o money_n by_o the_o account_n of_o batsen_n every_o bat_n four_o creutzer_n coin_v piece_n of_o three_o six_o germany_n germany_n and_o twelve_o creutzer_n so_o the_o ducat_n of_o hungary_n make_v 27_o batse_n the_o gold_n gelder_n eighteen_o batse_n the_o polish_v gelder_n or_o dolor_n fifteen_o batse_n teaston_n five_o batse_n the_o say_a gold_n gelder_n be_v value_n anno_fw-la 1520_o to_o be_v currant_n in_o holland_n for_o twenty_o eight_o stiver_n whereby_o their_o corn_n be_v buy_v and_o sell_v which_o be_v erroneous_a and_o imaginary_a because_o there_o be_v no_o such_o piece_n in_o specie_fw-la so_o be_v the_o dolor_n and_o the_o silver_n gelder_n call_v gros_n or_o vnciales_n weigh_v a_o ounce_n the_o ancient_a roman_n call_v a_o ounce_n a_o gelder_n and_o the_o eight_o ounce_n make_v one_o mark_n and_o 12_o ounce_n or_o gelders_n be_v reckon_v for_o one_o pound_n and_o there_o be_v coin_a piece_n call_v nummi_fw-la dragmi_fw-la alius_fw-la grosleyn_n be_v the_o eight_o part_n of_o a_o dolor_n angelicy_n be_v the_o â…™_n of_o a_o dolor_n make_v three_o batse_n or_o twelve_o creutzer_n call_v schriekenborger_n the_o say_v angelici_fw-la be_v tribute_n peny_n which_o be_v allay_v and_o make_v worse_o do_v obtain_v the_o name_n of_o bat_n as_o it_o be_v seek_v of_o a_o benefit_n which_o since_o have_v be_v more_o embase_v and_o therefore_o deserve_v that_o name_n of_o batse_n they_o be_v call_v in_o thuringia_n gulielmi_n and_o in_o bohemia_n bohemici_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o say_a tribute_n whereof_o they_o have_v also_o 12_o piece_n divide_o for_o 12_o penny_n which_o penny_n be_v all_o germany_n over_o two_o heller_n by_o way_n of_o account_n the_o dolor_n be_v first_o make_v upon_o sixty_o and_o five_o creutzer_n which_o in_o those_o coin_n so_o embase_v be_v answer_v by_o 72_o creutzers_n and_o in_o othâ—â—_n city_n of_o germany_n they_o reckon_v as_o follow_v upon_o diverse_a coin_n 〈◊〉_d make_v and_o some_o imaginary_a at_o augusta_n they_o have_v small_a money_n gross_v of_o three_o batse_n augusta_n augusta_n lion_n piece_n whereof_o two_o make_v a_o creutzer_n the_o blackepennie_n four_o to_o one_o creutzer_n snubourgh_n blaphart_n or_o bohomicos_fw-la of_o three_o and_o 3_o ½_n creutzer_n the_o rycke_v dolor_n be_v thirty_o albes_fw-la of_o eight_o penny_n every_o albe_n or_o seventie_o and_o two_o creutzer_n for_o the_o say_a dolor_n at_o frankford_n they_o divide_v their_o florin_n of_o sixty_o creutzer_n frankford_n frankford_n by_o twenty_o shilling_n and_o every_o shilling_n in_o twelve_o heller_n according_a to_o the_o pound_n at_o norenbourgh_n in_o like_a manner_n and_o the_o creutzer_n be_v four_o penny_n norenborough_n norenborough_n every_o penny_n two_o heller_n and_o five_o penny_n call_v a_o fynfer_v or_o five_o pennick_n at_o strasborough_n they_o use_v blapharts_n gross_v strasborough_n strasborough_n bohemicos_fw-la of_o three_o creutzer_n every_o blaphart_n six_o penny_n of_o two_o heller_n or_o four_o ortlyn_n at_o bohemia_n as_o in_o germany_n and_o the_o bohemici_n bohemia_n bohemia_n be_v whitgrosse_v of_o three_o creutzer_n the_o doller_n be_v twenty_o four_o bohemicos_fw-la of_o twelve_o angster_n every_o bohemico_fw-la ten_o penny_n and_o one_o mark_n be_v forty_o bohemicos_fw-la and_o scoc_n be_v sixty_o bohemicos_fw-la vienna_n vienna_n at_o vienna_n the_o rycke_v doller_n be_v eight_o shilling_n and_o the_o ducat_n twelve_o shilling_n trioll_n trioll_n at_o trioll_n the_o doller_n at_o seventie_o two_o creutzer_n of_o five_o fynfer_v or_o heller_n the_o creutzer_n hungary_n hungary_n
their_o body_n until_o the_o day_n of_o judgement_n for_o albeit_o the_o spirit_n of_o man_n be_v right_o term_v to_o be_v the_o faculty_n of_o the_o soul_n man_n the_o faculty_n of_o the_o soul_n be_v the_o spirit_n of_o man_n yet_o the_o part_n of_o the_o soul_n concern_v understanding_n and_o will_n have_v their_o proper_a relation_n for_o that_o part_n call_v understanding_n be_v seat_v chief_o in_o the_o soul_n as_o will_n be_v in_o the_o spirit_n both_o to_o be_v accompany_v with_o knowledge_n the_o philosopher_n have_v make_v this_o distinction_n by_o their_o chemical_a observation_n and_o such_o as_o place_v the_o soul_n in_o the_o blood_n disperse_v through_o all_o the_o vein_n of_o the_o body_n do_v also_o place_v the_o will_n of_o man_n in_o the_o spirit_n reside_v in_o the_o heart_n of_o man_n which_o the_o anatomist_n demonstrate_v to_o be_v a_o little_a concavitie_n where_o the_o drop_n of_o the_o vital_a blood_n be_v place_v in_o the_o heart_n which_o be_v fear_v up_o and_o the_o place_n be_v shrink_v in_o body_n which_o have_v be_v poison_v to_o make_v application_n of_o this_o comparison_n between_o the_o soul_n and_o spirit_n comparison_n application_n of_o the_o comparison_n we_o shall_v find_v by_o the_o follow_a discourse_n that_o even_o as_o the_o spirit_n of_o man_n be_v predominant_a over_o the_o soul_n and_o body_n in_o all_o the_o action_n thereof_o which_o by_o the_o blood_n be_v quicken_v and_o preserve_v even_o so_o be_v the_o exchange_n for_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n overrule_a the_o course_n of_o commodity_n and_o money_n in_o all_o place_n where_o the_o action_n of_o money_n be_v feel_v or_o see_v direct_v the_o same_o by_o some_o due_a proportion_n according_o chap._n i._o of_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o exchange_n for_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n the_o exchange_n for_o money_n be_v of_o great_a antiquity_n for_o as_o we_o have_v declare_v the_o first_o silver_n money_n coin_a by_o the_o roman_n be_v almost_o 1900_o year_n since_o and_o even_o as_o money_n be_v invent_v to_o be_v make_v of_o the_o best_a metal_n to_o avoid_v the_o troublesome_a carriage_n of_o commodity_n up_o and_o down_o and_o from_o one_o country_n into_o another_o so_o upon_o the_o like_a consideration_n when_o other_o nation_n imitate_v the_o roman_n do_v coin_n money_n exchange_n the_o cause_n of_o the_o exchange_n exchange_n by_o bill_n for_o money_n be_v devise_v to_o avoid_v both_o the_o danger_n and_o adventure_n of_o money_n and_o the_o troublesome_a carriage_n thereof_o this_o money_n now_o be_v make_v by_o diverse_a nation_n of_o several_a standard_n and_o diverse_a stamp_n and_o inscription_n as_o a_o mark_n of_o sovereignty_n cause_v they_o to_o appoint_v a_o certain_a exchange_n for_o the_o permutation_n of_o the_o several_a sort_n of_o coin_n in_o diverse_a country_n without_o any_o transportation_n of_o the_o coin_n but_o give_v par_n pro_fw-la pari_fw-la or_o value_n for_o value_n with_o a_o certain_a allowance_n to_o accommodate_v the_o merchant_n and_o the_o officer_n to_o execute_v the_o same_o be_v call_v numularij_fw-la argentarij_fw-la and_o collybistae_n that_o be_v to_o say_v numularij_fw-la of_o nummus_fw-la or_o the_o coin_n itself_o argentarij_fw-la because_o the_o silver_n coin_n be_v most_o usual_a in_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n and_o collybistae_n because_o it_o signify_v a_o reward_n for_o exchange_v here_o now_o let_v we_o observe_v four_o manner_n of_o exchange_n which_o have_v be_v use_v and_o in_o some_o country_n be_v yet_o continue_v albeit_o some_o of_o they_o be_v abrogate_a in_o england_n common_o call_v cambio_n commune_v cambio_n real_a cambio_n sicco_fw-it and_o cambio_n fictitio_fw-la which_o denomination_n may_v be_v admit_v the_o first_o manner_n of_o exchange_n call_v cambio_n commune_v commune_fw-la i_o cambio_n commune_fw-la be_v proper_o that_o exchange_n which_o the_o say_v collibistae_fw-la or_o common_a exchanger_n do_v use_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o prince_n and_o commonweal_n for_o the_o lawful_a and_o current_a money_n of_o their_o kingdom_n and_o territory_n which_o be_v find_v to_o be_v very_o expedient_a and_o necessary_a and_o be_v establish_v to_o prevent_v the_o exportation_n of_o money_n from_o one_o country_n into_o another_o country_n and_o these_o exchanger_n do_v deliver_v in_o all_o country_n the_o money_n in_o one_o specie_fw-la for_o the_o money_n in_o other_o species_n by_o they_o receive_v as_o aforesaid_a exchange_n table_n of_o exchange_n whereupon_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o of_o england_n cause_v certain_a table_n to_o be_v set_v up_o at_o dover_n and_o other_o place_n of_o the_o realm_n declare_v the_o value_n of_o the_o say_v sundry_a species_n of_o coin_n of_o all_o country_n traffic_v with_o his_o subject_n and_o the_o allowance_n which_o merchant_n be_v to_o give_v to_o have_v their_o turn_n serve_v as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o good_a law_n make_v in_o his_o time_n when_o there_o be_v money_n coin_a in_o diverse_a place_n of_o this_o kingdom_n and_o not_o in_o one_o mint_n only_o within_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n and_o this_o be_v long_o before_o the_o discovery_n of_o the_o west-indies_n from_o whence_o the_o ocean_n of_o money_n do_v run_v into_o christendom_n and_o for_o the_o government_n of_o the_o say_a table_n all_o be_v at_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o master_n of_o the_o king_n mint_n at_o london_n and_o with_o a_o correspondence_n of_o other_o mint_n namely_o at_o canturburie_n at_o kingston_n upon_o hull_n newcastle_n upon_o tine_n bristol_n and_o exeter_n and_o the_o exchanger_n for_o the_o king_n at_o london_n do_v also_o depute_v exchanger_n in_o the_o most_o place_n except_o that_o certain_a merchant_n of_o florence_n call_v friscobaldi_n be_v the_o king_n exchanger_n at_o kingston_n exchanger_n friscobaldi_n the_o exchanger_n newcastle_n and_o exeter_n who_o make_v the_o say_v exchange_n of_o value_n for_o value_n with_o a_o reasonable_a allowance_n and_o by_o their_o mean_n be_v all_o the_o say_a mint_n set_v on_o work_n and_o the_o transportation_n of_o our_o money_n be_v prevent_v for_o as_o bishop_n tursids_n book_n of_o arithmetic_n declare_v by_o give_v par_fw-fr pro_fw-la pari_fw-la or_o value_n for_o value_n there_o be_v no_o gain_n leave_v to_o the_o transporter_n the_o king_n of_o england_n do_v constitute_v these_o exchanger_n exchanger_n king_n exchanger_n even_o as_o the_o cambiadore_v and_o banker_n be_v use_v in_o other_o country_n be_v authorise_v by_o the_o king_n or_o prince_n of_o the_o say_a country_n especial_o king_n edward_n the_o first_o of_o england_n who_o have_v two_o exchanger_n the_o one_o call_v custos_fw-la cambij_fw-la infra_fw-la turrim_n who_o have_v the_o charge_n in_o buy_v of_o bullion_n and_o to_o look_v to_o the_o coinage_n of_o money_n within_o the_o realm_n now_o call_v the_o warden_n of_o the_o mint_n the_o other_o be_v call_v keeper_n of_o the_o exchange_n and_o rechange_v within_o or_o towards_o this_o realm_n for_o money_n to_o be_v pay_v in_o specie_fw-la by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o afterward_o the_o say_a exchange_n be_v make_v without_o name_v the_o species_n but_o according_a to_o the_o value_n of_o the_o several_a coin_n real_a 2_o cambio_z real_a and_o this_o be_v call_v cambium_n regis_fw-la or_o royal_a exchange_n which_o cause_v queen_n elizabeth_n to_o name_v the_o burse_n in_o london_n according_o this_o office_n appear_v to_o have_v be_v in_o the_o eleven_o year_n of_o the_o say_a king_n edw._n by_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n make_v at_o acton_n burnel_n since_o which_o time_n the_o succeed_a king_n and_o queen_n have_v continue_v the_o same_o by_o sixteen_o several_a letter_n patent_n and_o whereas_o it_o seem_v that_o the_o say_v two_o exchanger_n can_v not_o execute_v their_o office_n convenient_o be_v asunder_o it_o fall_v out_o that_o in_o henry_n the_o six_o his_o time_n a_o law_n be_v make_v by_o which_o both_o office_n be_v put_v into_o one_o man_n hand_n and_o so_o continue_v many_o year_n until_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o discontinue_v exchange_n discontinue_v when_o he_o cause_v base_a money_n to_o be_v make_v at_o the_o siege_n of_o boulogne_n whereupon_o no_o certain_a exchange_n can_v be_v ground_v albeit_o that_o before_o that_o time_n in_o the_o two_o and_o twenty_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n he_o cause_v a_o proclamation_n to_o be_v make_v according_a to_o a_o old_a statute_n make_v in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n richard_n the_o second_o graston_n the_o chronicle_n of_o graston_n that_o no_o person_n shall_v make_v any_o exchange_n contrary_a to_o the_o say_a meaning_n or_o act_n of_o parliament_n upon_o pain_n to_o be_v take_v to_o be_v the_o king_n mortal_a enemy_n and_o to_o forfeit_v all_o that_o he_o may_v forfeit_v for_o in_o his_o noble_a father_n time_n king_n henry_n the_o seven_o the_o banker_n have_v invent_v a_o course_n of_o
salt_n francis_n the_o first_o make_v the_o same_o perpetual_a as_o the_o domaine_v of_o the_o crown_n and_o all_o man_n be_v compel_v to_o buy_v it_o at_o the_o magazine_n upon_o pain_n of_o punishment_n this_o impost_n be_v let_v to_o farm_n for_o two_o million_o of_o crown_n or_o six_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n sterling_a yearly_a the_o right_a of_o the_o sea_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n and_o he_o may_v lay_v imposition_n thirty_o league_n from_o the_o land_n into_o the_o sea_n if_o no_o other_o sovereign_a prince_n be_v not_o within_o that_o precinct_n there_o be_v eight_o court_n of_o parliament_n in_o france_n and_o eight_o chamber_n of_o account_n at_o paris_n erect_v 1302_o by_o philip_n le_fw-fr bell._n at_o paris_n parlement_n court_n of_o parlement_n at_o tholouze_n also_o and_o confirm_v by_o charles_n the_o 7._o in_o britain_n at_o grenoble_n 1453_o by_o lewis_n the_o 11._o at_o dion_n account_n court_n of_o account_n at_o bourdeaux_n 1462_o by_o lewis_n the_o 11._o at_o monpellier_n at_o aix_n 1501_o by_o lewis_n the_o 12._o in_o dolphin_n at_o dion_n 1476_o by_o lewis_n the_o 11_o for_o burgundy_n in_o provence_n at_o rouen_n 1449_o by_o lewis_n the_o 12_o for_o normandy_n at_o blois_n at_o rheame_n 1553_o by_o h._n the_o 2_o for_o britainie_n at_o rouen_n of_o the_o salic_a law_n of_o france_n it_o be_v a_o usual_a receive_a opinion_n that_o pharamont_n be_v the_o author_n of_o this_o law_n other_o think_v it_o be_v so_o call_v of_o the_o gaul_n that_o be_v call_v salie_n among_o who_o that_o law_n be_v establish_v for_o the_o ancient_a gaul_n term_v all_o their_o law_n either_o ripuarie_n or_o salic_a and_o in_o the_o time_n of_o charlemagne_n they_o be_v call_v salique_n nevertheless_o it_o be_v think_v to_o have_v be_v invent_v of_o latter_a time_n as_o by_o philip_n le_fw-fr long_n to_o frustrate_v the_o daughter_n of_o lewis_n huttin_n or_o else_o to_o have_v have_v the_o first_o strength_n from_o a_o usual_a custom_n of_o all_o barbarian_n which_o be_v never_o to_o suffer_v the_o female_n to_o inherit_v the_o crown_n and_o so_o be_v begin_v in_o the_o first_o and_o second_o line_n of_o the_o king_n it_o have_v continue_v in_o the_o three_o and_o by_o custom_n it_o be_v rather_o confirm_v than_o to_o be_v prove_v to_o be_v a_o law_n at_o any_o time_n ordain_v have_v be_v little_a account_n make_v thereof_o until_o the_o controversy_n between_o philip_n le_fw-fr long_n and_o end_v duke_n of_o burgundy_n who_o claim_v it_o for_o his_o niece_n jane_n daughter_n to_o lewis_n huttin_n and_o philip_n de_fw-fr valois_n with_o edward_n king_n of_o england_n the_o book_n of_o the_o salic_a law_n be_v but_o a_o collection_n howbeit_o there_o be_v no_o example_n ever_o hear_v of_o that_o any_o woman_n govern_v of_o the_o law_n of_o the_o high_a and_o low_a germany_n concur_v with_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o the_o court_n of_o equity_n in_o substance_n the_o court_n of_o equity_n beyond_o the_o sea_n after_o bill_n and_o answer_v replication_n and_o rejoinder_n and_o sometime_o duplication_n and_o at_o last_o conclusion_n with_o the_o examination_n of_o witness_n in_o serious_a manner_n the_o whole_a proceed_n be_v deliver_v to_o certain_a doctor_n or_o learned_a man_n which_o be_v as_o master_n of_o the_o chancery_n or_o belong_v to_o certain_a university_n to_o be_v abreviate_v which_o be_v call_v ad_fw-la rotulandum_fw-la who_o do_v cut_v off_o all_o superfluous_a thing_n which_o upon_o the_o matter_n be_v confess_v on_o both_o side_n process_n to_o abreviate_v long_a process_n or_o be_v not_o material_a to_o the_o state_n of_o the_o cause_n to_o bring_v the_o difference_n between_o the_o party_n to_o certain_a point_n or_o head_n whereupon_o the_o say_a party_n with_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o advocate_n or_o learned_a counsel_n do_v dispute_n and_o debate_v the_o say_a difference_n to_o bring_v they_o as_o it_o be_v ripe_a and_o perfect_v before_o the_o judge_n for_o if_o the_o defendant_n will_v take_v covert_o any_o exception_n against_o the_o judge_n of_o that_o jurisdiction_n he_o may_v have_v the_o whole_a process_n make_v up_o in_o the_o name_n of_o a.b._n and_o c.d._n as_o it_o be_v complainant_a and_o defendant_n without_o name_v either_o of_o the_o party_n and_o the_o same_o to_o be_v send_v under_o the_o town_n seal_v unto_o doctor_n or_o other_o learned_a man_n of_o university_n elect_v thereunto_o in_o other_o jurisdiction_n which_o do_v give_v their_o sentence_n or_o judgement_n thereupon_o and_o return_v the_o same_o back_n again_o under_o seal_n before_o the_o judge_n where_o the_o cause_n be_v depend_v who_o call_v both_o party_n before_o he_o demand_v of_o they_o whether_o he_o shall_v open_v the_o process_n and_o whether_o they_o will_v stand_v to_o the_o judgement_n therein_o contain_v and_o if_o the_o complainant_n descend_v thereunto_o then_o be_v the_o defendant_n thereby_o conclude_v see_v he_o have_v his_o choice_n and_o do_v in_o a_o manner_n appeal_v from_o the_o judge_n whereupon_o execution_n be_v present_o have_v and_o matter_n be_v end_v with_o expedition_n by_o the_o premise_n we_o may_v observe_v how_o other_o law_n be_v variable_a and_o subject_a to_o alteration_n and_o that_o the_o law-merchant_n be_v constant_a and_o permanent_a in_o her_o custom_n which_o therefore_o be_v not_o to_o be_v infringe_v but_o serious_o to_o be_v maintain_v by_o all_o the_o four_o precedent_a mean_n or_o some_o select_a course_n of_o execution_n to_o be_v devise_v concur_v with_o the_o same_o for_o the_o better_a furtherance_n whereof_o and_o more_o exact_a explanation_n by_o contrary_n i_o have_v for_o a_o corrollarie_n of_o this_o work_n add_v hereunto_o three_o paradox_n allude_v to_o the_o say_v three_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n which_o will_v illustrate_v the_o most_o material_a consideration_n to_o be_v have_v in_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n and_o trade_n chap._n xviii_o three_o paradox_n allude_v to_o the_o three_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n have_v heretofore_o publish_v a_o treatise_n entitle_v england_n view_n in_o the_o unmask_n of_o two_o paradox_n which_o have_v be_v present_v unto_o the_o french_a king_n henry_n the_o four_o as_o a_o matter_n of_o great_a consequence_n and_o considerable_a in_o the_o government_n of_o commonweal_n and_o find_v that_o the_o true_a understanding_n of_o they_o with_o a_o three_o paradox_n observe_v by_o i_o do_v proper_o allude_v to_o the_o content_n of_o this_o book_n or_o the_o three_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n namely_o commodity_n money_n and_o exchange_n for_o money_n i_o do_v resolve_v to_o handle_v the_o substance_n of_o they_o for_o a_o corrollarie_n of_o the_o same_o be_v paradox_n what_o it_o be_v the_o rather_o because_o paradox_n be_v thing_n contrary_a to_o the_o vulgar_a opinion_n and_o will_v also_o make_v all_o the_o premise_n more_o manifest_a and_o apparent_a by_o their_o conclusion_n the_o say_v two_o paradox_n present_v by_o monsieur_n malestroit_n one_o of_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o finance_n or_o treasury_n in_o france_n be_v as_o follow_v say_v 1_o that_o to_o complain_v of_o the_o general_a dearth_n of_o all_o thing_n in_o france_n be_v without_o cause_n commodity_n commodity_n for_o there_o be_v nothing_o grow_v dear_a these_o three_o hundred_o year_n 2_o that_o there_o be_v much_o to_o be_v lose_v upon_o a_o crown_n and_o money_n and_o or_o any_o other_o money_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n albeit_o one_o do_v give_v the_o same_o in_o payment_n at_o the_o price_n he_o do_v receive_v the_o same_o the_o three_o paradox_n which_o i_o have_v add_v hereunto_o be_v 3_o that_o the_o imaginary_a money_n suppose_v in_o exchange_n for_o money_n exchange_n exchange_n make_v by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n do_v over-rule_v the_o course_n and_o property_n of_o real_a and_o substantial_a money_n in_o specie_fw-la mounseur_fw-fr malestroit_n say_v that_o since_o the_o ancient_a permutation_n have_v be_v change_v in_o buy_v and_o sell_v and_o that_o the_o first_o riches_n of_o man_n which_o consist_v of_o cattle_n be_v transfer_v to_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n whereby_o all_o thing_n have_v receive_v their_o estimation_n dearth_n gold_n and_o silver_n be_v the_o judge_n of_o good_a cheap_a or_o dearth_n it_o follow_v that_o those_o metal_n be_v the_o right_a judge_n of_o good_a cheap_a or_o dearth_n of_o all_o thing_n we_o can_v say_v that_o any_o thing_n be_v dear_a than_o it_o be_v three_o hundred_o year_n ago_o unless_o that_o for_o the_o buy_v thereof_o we_o must_v now_o give_v more_o gold_n and_o silver_n than_o we_o do_v then_o but_o for_o the_o buy_n of_o all_o thing_n we_o do_v not_o give_v now_o more_o gold_n or_o silver_n than_o we_o do_v then_o therefore_o say_v he_o nothing_o be_v grow_v dear_a in_o france_n since_o that_o time_n to_o prove_v this_o he_o do_v allege_v that_o during_o the_o reign_n of_o
within_o the_o city_n of_o london_n be_v the_o king_n chamber_n after_o this_o follow_v the_o particular_a letter_n for_o the_o delivery_n of_o several_a country_n and_o town_n as_o caour_n carsin_n monstreull_a calais_n rochel_n turaine_n poitiers_n poitou_n xantes_n xantogne_n dagonois_n perigot_n and_o diverse_a other_o beside_o many_o letter_n concern_v the_o french_a king_n liberty_n and_o his_o hostage_n and_o of_o the_o homage_n to_o be_v make_v by_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n who_o remain_v with_o the_o title_n of_o sovereignty_n and_o domayne_n beside_o many_o other_o memorable_a thing_n so_o that_o all_o matter_n concern_v the_o sea_n and_o land_n be_v establish_v for_o those_o sea_n and_o king_n eâ—ward_n take_v six_o penny_n a_o ton_n for_o fish_v ship_n king_n henry_n the_o five_o who_o do_v conquer_v all_o france_n and_o have_v the_o possession_n of_o mare_fw-la britannicum_fw-la lose_v nothing_o of_o his_o right_n no_o more_o do_v henry_n the_o six_o and_o king_n henry_n the_o seven_o as_o may_v appear_v by_o their_o proclamation_n treaty_n hollâ—ngshed_n chro_fw-la hollâ—ngshed_n and_o contract_v not_o only_o with_o the_o french_a but_o with_o the_o archduke_n of_o burgundy_n as_o by_o guicchardins_n chronicle_n treatise_n chr._n froiszart_n guiccâ—arâ—in_n and_o the_o say_a treatise_n or_o historical_a description_n of_o the_o low-countries_n appear_v and_o as_o doctor_n d_o you_o in_o his_o book_n of_o navigation_n affirm_v king_n henry_n the_o seven_o in_o consideration_n of_o the_o fish_n trade_n proper_o belong_v unto_o england_n in_o his_o sea_n and_o dominion_n have_v resolve_v to_o settle_v a_o trade_n thereupon_o which_o he_o prefer_v above_o all_o voyage_n for_o in_o those_o day_n there_o be_v no_o fish_v trade_n establish_v in_o the_o low-countries_n antiquity_n by_o original_a antiquity_n and_o it_o be_v not_o yet_o one_o hundred_o year_n complete_a that_o one_o violet_n stephens_n and_o other_o discontent_a fishmonger_n depart_v the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o go_v into_o holland_n to_o the_o town_n of_o enckhusen_n where_o they_o procure_v the_o inhabitant_n to_o fish_n for_o they_o in_o his_o majesty_n of_o great_a britain_n sea_n stream_n and_o dominion_n which_o inhabitant_n upon_o the_o decease_n of_o the_o say_v englishmen_n fishmonger_n take_v the_o whole_a trade_n to_o themselves_o disperse_v the_o same_o into_o many_o other_o town_n whereby_o the_o same_o be_v admirable_o increase_v queen_n marie_n be_v marry_v with_o king_n philip_n the_o second_o of_o spain_n under_o who_o all_o the_o seventeen_o low_a province_n be_v unite_v grant_v a_o lease_n unto_o the_o say_a king_n for_o the_o fish_n of_o his_o subject_n in_o the_o north_n part_n of_o ireland_n for_o one_o and_o twenty_o year_n for_o a_o certain_a fine_a and_o pay_v one_o thousand_o pound_n yearly_a into_o the_o treasury_n of_o ireland_n and_o edward_n fitton_n knight_n then_o treasurer_n and_o the_o company_n of_o the_o old_a haunce_n in_o primo_fw-la of_o the_o say_a queen_n marie_n have_v also_o liberty_n to_o sish_v within_o the_o say_a sea_n upon_o certain_a condition_n as_o appear_v in_o the_o chapel_n of_o the_o roll_n of_o the_o chancery_n and_o for_o england_n northwards_o licence_n be_v give_v at_o scarborough_n castle_n to_o this_o distinction_n of_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n porteullis_n invention_n of_o the_o porteullis_n i_o call_v to_o memory_n the_o proceed_n of_o that_o victorious_a king_n henry_n the_o eight_o who_o during_o the_o time_n that_o calais_n be_v under_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n as_o it_o have_v be_v full_a 211_o year_n use_v the_o invention_n of_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o portcullis_n signify_v the_o power_n of_o lock_v up_o of_o the_o narrow_a sea_n between_o dover_n and_o calais_n which_o be_v think_v convenient_a to_o be_v use_v upon_o the_o coin_n make_v for_o the_o east-indies_n at_o the_o begin_n of_o that_o trade_n be_v piece_n of_o the_o value_n of_o eight_o royal_n of_o spain_n whereof_o there_o be_v coin_a in_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n for_o a_o trial_n in_o januarie_n 1600_o some_o six_o thousand_o pound_n which_o can_v not_o be_v make_v currant_n there_o because_o the_o spanish_a piece_n of_o eight_o royal_n have_v be_v before_o that_o time_n counterfeit_v by_o other_o nation_n which_o make_v the_o east-indians_a to_o doubt_v of_o our_o coin_n although_o without_o cause_n this_o noble_a king_n henry_n have_v procure_v the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o five_o to_o meet_v with_o the_o french_a king_n go_v over_o in_o person_n with_o a_o great_a power_n to_o besiege_v the_o town_n of_o boulogne_n in_o france_n and_o when_o he_o see_v that_o the_o emperor_n tent_n or_o pavilion_n be_v make_v with_o the_o two_o pillar_n of_o hercules_n and_o the_o inscription_n plus_fw-fr ultra_fw-la and_o likewise_o the_o french_a king_n tent_n with_o the_o three_o flower_n deluce_n and_o the_o title_n of_o primus_fw-la christianorum_fw-la rex_fw-la he_o cause_v a_o archer_n to_o be_v make_v upon_o his_o pavilion_n with_o bow_n and_o arrow_n and_o his_o inscription_n be_v cui_fw-la adherio_fw-la praeest_fw-la declare_v thereby_o his_o present_a strength_n whereby_o he_o do_v qualify_v those_o war_n and_o peace_n be_v make_v between_o the_o emperor_n and_o the_o say_v french_a king_n it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o state_n of_o a_o prince_n do_v as_o much_o consist_v by_o reputation_n as_o by_o strength_n our_o sovereign_a lord_n king_n james_n have_v also_o be_v mindful_a of_o his_o right_n of_o distinct_a dominion_n for_o the_o great_a blessing_n which_o almighty_a god_n have_v allot_v to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o great_a britain_n ireland_n and_o the_o isle_n adjacent_a under_o his_o majesty_n dominion_n be_v so_o visible_a to_o all_o the_o world_n as_o that_o thereby_o they_o be_v ravish_v with_o admiration_n for_o albeit_o that_o the_o earthly_a blessing_n be_v produce_v in_o seasonable_a time_n yet_o the_o blessing_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v direct_v and_o point_v at_o by_o the_o finger_n of_o god_n at_o infallible_a season_n cause_v those_o watery_a creature_n to_o offer_v themselves_o for_o our_o sustenance_n and_o for_o the_o general_a good_a of_o all_o creature_n in_o place_n certain_a within_o his_o majesty_n sea_n stream_n and_o dominion_n and_o not_o into_o the_o main_a where_o fish_v can_v be_v effect_v whereupon_o his_o majesty_n before_o his_o come_n into_o england_n do_v let_v the_o fish_n of_o scotland_n to_o the_o hollander_n for_o fifteen_o year_n it_o be_v agree_v by_o more_o ancient_a treaty_n between_o they_o that_o the_o fish_n then_o agree_v upon_o shall_v be_v eighty_o mile_n from_o the_o coast_n to_o the_o end_n the_o scoles_n of_o herring_n shall_v not_o be_v interrupt_v his_o majesty_n in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n of_o great_a britain_n make_v a_o grant_v to_o one_o collyn_n of_o coventrie_n for_o twenty_o one_o year_n for_o the_o fish_n in_o some_o part_n of_o ireland_n fish_v grant_v make_v for_o fish_v and_o the_o like_a grant_n have_v be_v make_v for_o the_o isle_n of_o garnesey_n and_o jarnesey_n according_a to_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n law_n by_o the_o common_a law_n which_o in_o this_o point_n concern_v his_o majesty_n right_a of_o dominion_n be_v very_o copious_a the_o handle_n whereof_o i_o leave_v to_o the_o learned_a and_o judicious_a of_o the_o say_v law_n in_o the_o seven_o year_n of_o his_o majesty_n say_a reign_n his_o highness_n cause_v a_o proclamation_n to_o be_v make_v concern_v his_o dominion_n of_o fish_v which_o be_v compendious_a and_o substantial_a i_o think_v convenient_a here_o to_o be_v insert_v verbatim_o james_n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n king_n of_o great_a britain_n france_n and_o ireland_n defendor_n of_o the_o faith_n etc._n etc._n to_o all_o and_o singular_a person_n to_o who_o it_o may_v appertain_v greeting_n although_o we_o do_v sufficient_o know_v by_o our_o experience_n in_o the_o office_n of_o regal_a dignity_n in_o which_o by_o the_o favour_n of_o almighty_a god_n we_o have_v be_v place_v and_o exercise_v these_o many_o year_n as_o also_o by_o observation_n which_o we_o have_v make_v of_o other_o christian_a prince_n exemplary_a action_n how_o far_o the_o absoluteness_n of_o our_o sovereign_a power_n extend_v itself_o and_o that_o in_o regard_n thereof_o we_o need_v not_o to_o yield_v account_n to_o any_o person_n under_o god_n for_o any_o action_n of_o we_o which_o be_v lawful_o ground_v upon_o that_o just_a prerogative_n yet_o such_o have_v ever_o be_v and_o shall_v be_v our_o care_n and_o desire_v to_o give_v satisfaction_n to_o our_o neighbour_n prince_n and_o friend_n in_o any_o action_n which_o may_v have_v the_o least_o relation_n to_o their_o subject_n and_o estate_n as_o we_o have_v think_v good_a by_o way_n of_o friendly_a praemonition_n to_o declare_v unto_o they_o all_o and_o to_o whosoever_o it_o may_v appertain_v as_o follow_v whereas_o we_o
according_o the_o double_a guilder_n of_o albertus_n ten_o ounce_n 15_o penny_n weight_n and_o 14_o â…—_n piece_n the_o single_a guilder_n the_o half_a and_o quarter_n of_o the_o same_o fineness_n and_o piece_n according_o the_o piece_n of_o four_o two_o and_o one_o stiver_n since_o 1590._o the_o piece_n of_o eight_o rial_n of_o spain_n of_o eleven_o ounce_n four_o penny_n weight_n and_o 13_o ½_n piece_n the_o say_v piece_n make_v at_o mexico_n in_o the_o indies_n eleven_o ounce_n fine_a and_z 13_o â…”_n piece_n the_o lion_n doller_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n of_o nine_o ounce_n fine_a and_o thirteen_o piece_n the_o silver_n ryder_n of_o guilder_n and_o friesland_n correspondent_a with_o the_o state_n doller_n of_o nine_o ounce_n the_o dollar_n of_o gelder_n and_n vtrecht_n ten_o ounce_n ten_o and_o twelve_o penny_n fine_a and_o thirteen_o piece_n the_o great_a silver_n royal_a of_o the_o state_n correspondent_a with_o the_o philip_n doller_n the_o 1_o 20_o part_n of_o the_o say_v great_a royal_a with_o the_o arrow_n according_o the_o doller_n of_o zealand_n with_o the_o eagle_n of_o nine_o ounce_n fine_a and_z 13_o ½_n piece_n the_o edward_n doller_n of_o england_n of_o eleven_o ounce_n two_o penny_n weight_n fine_a and_z 11_o ¾_n piece_n the_o doller_n of_o scotland_n with_o the_o cross_a dagger_n eleven_o ounce_n two_o penny_n weight_n fine_a and_z 11_o ¾_n piece_n the_o mark_n of_o scotland_n eleven_o ounce_n two_o penny_n weight_n fine_a and_o 54_o piece_n the_o doller_n of_o friesland_n coin_a 1601_o of_o nine_o ounce_n fine_a and_z 13_o ½_n piece_n coin_n make_v of_o mere_a copper_n the_o ortgen_n whereof_o four_o make_v one_o stiver_n and_o two_o the_o half_a stiver_n the_o duyt_n also_o four_o make_v one_o stiver_n the_o negenmannekens_n the_o eight_o make_v a_o stiver_n and_o four_o the_o half_a stiver_n the_o three_o mite_n whereof_o eight_o piece_n to_o the_o stiver_n be_v 24_o mite_n the_o sixteen_o penny_n hollandt_v make_v one_o stiver_n and_o eight_o the_o half_a stiver_n for_o other_o copper_n money_n read_v the_o five_o precedent_n chapter_n of_o money_n standard_n error_n of_o trial_n piece_n for_o the_o standard_n so_o i_o do_v conclude_v this_o chapter_n with_o a_o error_n commit_v in_o the_o make_n of_o the_o standard_n trial_o piece_n use_v in_o most_o kingdom_n and_o state_n to_o charge_v the_o mint-master_n to_o make_v the_o money_n by_o wherein_o they_o do_v not_o proceed_v according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o arithmetic_n by_o observe_v true_a weight_n and_o fineness_n for_o if_o it_o be_v appoint_v to_o make_v a_o standard_n piece_n of_o ten_o ounce_n fine_a they_o will_v take_v certain_a ounce_n of_o fine_a silver_n and_o copper_n proportionable_a thereunto_o and_o melt_v they_o together_o and_o be_v make_v into_o a_o plate_n of_o silver_n divide_v the_o same_o into_o three_o equal_a part_n to_o be_v deliver_v one_o to_o the_o king_n another_z to_o the_o warden_n and_o the_o three_o to_o the_o mintmaster_n and_o hereof_o be_v assay_n make_v both_o of_o this_o piece_n and_o the_o money_n and_o so_o compare_v together_o as_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v take_v eleven_o ounce_n two_o penny_n weight_n of_o fine_a silver_n and_o eighteen_o penny_n weight_n of_o copper_n both_o in_o weight_n and_o melt_v they_o together_o make_v twelve_o ounce_n by_o weight_n and_o never_o weight_n they_o after_o they_o be_v commix_v but_o say_v this_o be_v sterling_a standard_n whereas_o the_o weight_n both_o of_o the_o one_o and_o of_o the_o other_o do_v proportionate_a the_o standard_n by_o weight_n for_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o waste_n of_o copper_n this_o be_v better_a than_o standard_n and_o aught_o to_o be_v make_v exact_o so_o that_o the_o piece_n also_o be_v to_o be_v correspondent_a to_o the_o pound_n weight_n for_o the_o foundation_n rise_v from_o hence_o as_o in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n appear_v chap._n ix_o of_o the_o valuation_n of_o money_n and_o the_o proportion_n between_o gold_n and_o silver_n valuation_n of_o money_n be_v the_o spirit_n which_o give_v life_n unto_o coin_n for_o without_o it_o weight_n and_o fineness_n be_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o bullion_n or_o material_n this_o valuation_n be_v twofold_a money_n two_o fold_n be_v the_o valuation_n of_o money_n the_o first_o be_v do_v by_o public_a authority_n of_o prince_n and_o state_n whereby_o the_o piece_n of_o coin_n be_v esteem_v at_o a_o price_n certain_a both_o for_o gold_n and_o silver_n to_o go_v currant_n for_o that_o value_n within_o their_o kingdom_n and_o dominion_n the_o second_o be_v the_o valuation_n of_o merchant_n by_o way_n of_o exchange_n between_o we_o and_o other_o nation_n which_o be_v predominant_a and_o overrule_v the_o former_a as_o heretofore_o have_v be_v touch_v and_o now_o will_v be_v prove_v the_o king_n or_o prince_n valuation_n be_v effect_v three_o manner_n of_o way_n valuation_n king_n valuation_n viz._n by_o inhaunce_v the_o price_n of_o the_o coin_n by_o proclamation_n second_o by_o embeasil_v the_o standard_n of_o money_n by_o allay_n and_o three_o by_o alter_v the_o proportion_n between_o gold_n and_o silver_n the_o merchant_n valuation_n be_v also_o effect_v three_o manner_n of_o way_n valuation_n merchant_n valuation_n viz._n by_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n for_o money_n rise_v and_o fall_v from_o time_n to_o time_n by_o the_o toleration_n of_o the_o coin_n at_o a_o high_a rate_n between_o they_o and_o by_o the_o combination_n with_o mint-master_n inhance_v the_o price_n of_o the_o mark_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n of_o all_o these_o in_o order_n brief_o the_o king_n valuation_n be_v derive_v or_o draw_v from_o the_o very_a piece_n or_o piece_n make_v out_o of_o the_o pound_n weight_n of_o twelve_o ounce_n or_o the_o mark_n of_o eight_o ounce_n which_o the_o roman_n do_v call_v nummus_fw-la à _fw-la numerando_fw-la to_o tell_v or_o reckon_v by_o the_o saxon_n give_v it_o the_o name_n pfemimg_n or_o pennimick_n in_o ducth_z from_z whence_o the_o word_n penny_n be_v derive_v for_o they_o cut_v twenty_o piece_n out_o of_o the_o pound_n troy_n of_o twelve_o ounce_n make_v twenty_o penny_n every_o way_n that_o be_v to_o say_v twenty_o penny_n in_o weight_n twenty_o penny_n in_o value_n piece_n weight_n and_o finesse_n both_o alike_o with_o the_o number_n of_o piece_n and_o consequent_o divide_v the_o fineness_n also_o by_o twenty_o penny_n weight_n and_o every_o penny_n weight_n in_o twenty_o and_o four_o grain_n which_o be_v the_o ancient_a sterling_a standard_n of_o osbright_n the_o saxon_a king_n seven_o hundred_o year_n past_a which_o valuation_n so_o continue_v until_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o and_o until_o henry_n the_o six_o and_o then_o be_v value_v at_o thirty_o penny_n the_o say_a ounce_n and_o continue_v until_o edward_n the_o four_o sea_n the_o ounce_n of_o silver_n advance_v because_o of_o the_o inhance_a of_o money_n beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o then_o value_v at_o forty_o penny_n and_o so_o continue_v until_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o and_o then_o be_v value_v at_o forty_o and_o five_o penny_n and_o so_o continue_v until_o queen_n elizabeth_n who_o after_o the_o decry_v of_o the_o base_a money_n make_v by_o king_n edward_n the_o six_o which_o king_n henry_n his_o father_n have_v cause_v to_o be_v coin_a do_v restore_v the_o sterling_a standard_n to_o her_o great_a benefit_n by_o value_v the_o say_a ounce_n at_o sixty_o penny_n or_o 5_o ss_z inhaunce_v the_o same_o one_o full_a three_o part_n so_o that_o one_o of_o those_o penny_n become_v three_o penny_n by_o valuation_n and_o gold_n be_v raise_v according_a to_o the_o proportion_n of_o eleven_o of_o fine_a silver_n to_o one_o of_o fine_a gold_n or_o eleven_o of_o standard_n silver_n to_o one_o of_o crown_n gold_n which_o valuation_n of_o silver_n have_v continue_v hitherto_o with_o little_a alteration_n but_o beyond_o the_o sea_n there_o have_v be_v great_a inhance_a both_o for_o the_o coin_n of_o silver_n and_o gold_n as_o well_o in_o france_n as_o in_o the_o low-countries_n and_o germany_n to_o england_n incredible_a loss_n as_o be_v at_o large_a declare_v in_o our_o commonwealth_n our_o the_o canker_n of_o england_n commonwealth_n treatise_n of_o exchange_n this_o daily_o inhaunce_v beyond_o the_o sea_n begin_v in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o who_o go_v about_o to_o reform_v the_o same_o but_o afterward_o find_v that_o if_o he_o shall_v enhance_v his_o price_n of_o money_n likewise_o they_o will_v still_o advance_v they_o more_o and_o more_o he_o begin_v but_o moderate_o and_o whereas_o the_o angel_n noble_a so_o call_v be_v at_o six_o shilling_n eight_o penny_n enhance_v angel_n noble_a enhance_v he_o â—aused_v the_o same_o to_o be_v value_v at_o seven_o shilling_n and_o four_o penny_n by_o a_o proclamation_n in_o the_o eighteen_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n and_o within_o two_o month_n after_o at_o seven_o shilling_n
to_o one_o of_o gold_n in_o france_n the_o mark_n of_o gold_n value_v at_o seventie_o four_o crown_n and_o the_o silver_n at_o 6_o â…“_n crown_n make_v the_o proportion_n 11_o 11_o 19_o part_n but_o value_v the_o french_a crown_n at_o three_o frankes_n be_v eleven_o to_o one_o in_o england_n the_o angel_n at_o ten_o shilling_n and_o the_o silver_n at_o sixty_o shilling_n the_o pound_n troy_n of_o 12_o ounce_n be_v that_o six_o angel_n do_v weigh_v a_o ounce_n make_v also_o eleven_o to_o one_o in_o germany_n one_o mark_n of_o silver_n at_o 8_o ½_n gold_n guilder_n make_v 11_o â…”_n for_o 1_o but_o the_o valuation_n of_o money_n be_v alter_v have_v also_o alter_v the_o same_o in_o rome_n the_o pound_n of_o silver_n at_o 108_o carlini_n and_o the_o ducat_n of_o gold_n 99_o ¼_n be_v 12_o to_o 1._o so_o at_o milan_n the_o ducat_n 112_o and_o the_o teaston_n 28_o be_v but_o 9_o â…“_n for_o 1._o the_o silver_n be_v so_o in_o request_n there_o for_o the_o make_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n thread_n that_o be_v to_o say_v silver_n thread_n guilt_n and_o white_a now_o for_o all_o place_n of_o momentary_a traffic_n it_o be_v 12_o to_o 1_o and_o in_o england_n 13_o ½_n to_o 1_o as_o have_v be_v declare_v the_o valuation_n of_o foreign_a coin_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n publish_v in_o the_o unite_a low_a province_n on_o the_o 21_o day_n of_o julie_n 1622_o with_o the_o order_n establish_v by_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o say_a country_n for_o the_o better_a observation_n of_o the_o say_a valuation_n which_o never_o the_o less_o be_v continual_o infringe_v from_o time_n to_o time_n and_o the_o like_a be_v do_v in_o other_o country_n so_o that_o to_o observe_v our_o own_o rule_n according_a to_o equality_n and_o equity_n will_v be_v find_v the_o best_a and_o safe_a course_n of_o politic_a government_n  _fw-fr guilder_n stivers_n flemish_n the_o great_a golden_a rider_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n 11_o 6_o or_o 37_o sâ—_n 8_o do_v the_o half_a of_o the_o say_a rider_n 5_o 13_o 18_o 10_o the_o double_a ducat_n of_o the_o say_a province_n with_o the_o letter_n 8_o 10_o 28_o 4_o the_o french_a crown_n 3_o 18_o 13_o 0_o the_o pistolet_n of_o spain_n of_o four_o pistolet_n 15_o 8_o 51_o 4_o the_o double_a pistolet_n of_o spain_n 7_o 14_o 25_o 8_o the_o single_a pistolet_n after_o the_o rate_n 3_o 17_o 12_o 10_o the_o albertin_n or_o ducat_n of_o albertus_n of_o austria_n 5_o 13_o 18_o 10_o the_o double_a rose_n noble_a of_o england_n 18_o 12_o 62_o 0_o the_o rose_n noble_a of_o henricus_n edward_n and_o queen_n elizabeth_n 9_o 6_o 31_o 0_o the_o henricus_n noble_a 8_o 6_o 27_o 8_o the_o flemish_a noble_a old_a and_o new_a of_o the_o unite_a country_n 8_o 0_o 26_o 8_o the_o old_a angel_n of_o england_n 6_o 4_o 20_o 8_o the_o new_a rider_n of_o gelder_n and_n friesland_n 3_o 13_o 12_o 2_o the_o gold_n guilder_n of_o those_o mint_n 3_o 2_o 10_o 4_o all_o which_o coin_n be_v to_o be_v weigh_v with_o their_o accustom_a weight_n and_o the_o remedy_n of_o two_o grain_n and_o no_o more_o with_o some_o little_a advantage_n over_o or_o at_o the_o least_o be_v within_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o balance_n provide_v always_o that_o the_o coin_n of_o their_o due_a fineness_n although_o they_o be_v light_a shall_v be_v currant_n pay_v for_o every_o grain_n want_v two_o stiver_n silver_n coin_n  _fw-fr guilder_n stivers_n flemish_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr ss_z d._n the_o lion_n doller_n of_o the_o low_a province_n 2_o 0_o 6_o 8_o the_o rickx_n dollar_n in_o general_n 2_o 10_o 8_o 4_o the_o cross_n doller_n of_o albertus_n 2_o 7_o 7_o 10_o the_o spanish_a rial_n of_o 8_o 2_o 8_o 8_o 0_o the_o doller_n of_o zealand_n and_o frise_n with_o the_o eagle_n 1_o 10_o 5_o 0_o the_o floren_n or_o guilder_n of_o friesland_n 1_o 8_o 4_o 8_o the_o english_a shilling_n and_o of_o great_a britain_n 0_o 10_o ½_n 1_o 9_o the_o mark_n piece_n or_o thistle_n of_o scotland_n 0_o 12_o 2_o 0_o the_o harp_n of_o scotland_n and_o ireland_n 0_o 8_o 1_o 4_o and_o if_o any_o of_o the_o say_a piece_n be_v find_v to_o want_v of_o their_o weight_n and_o the_o appoint_a remedy_n within_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o balance_n or_o some_o little_a advantage_n over_o they_o shall_v be_v currant_n pay_v for_o every_o grain_n want_v two_o penny_n hollandt_n whereof_o 16_o make_v one_o stiver_n and_o the_o english_a groat_n be_v make_v bullion_n or_o shall_v not_o be_v currant_n small_a money_n for_o ordinary_a payment_n the_o shilling_n of_o all_o the_o several_a province_n respective_o and_o of_o the_o mint_n of_o nimogen_n deventer_n campen_n and_o swoll_n 6_o stivers_n the_o half_a shilling_n after_o the_o rate_n 3_o stivers_n the_o piece_n call_v flab_n of_o groninghen_n 4_o stiver_n the_o double_a 8_o stivers_n the_o twintigst_a part_n of_o the_o great_a silver_n royal_a 2_o ½_n stivers_n the_o double_a and_o single_a stiver_n of_o all_o these_o country_n 2_o &_o 1_o stiver_n money_n the_o ten_o to_o be_v receive_v in_o copper_n money_n 1_o of_o all_o which_o small_a money_n for_o the_o payment_n of_o rent_n interest_n or_o abatement_n of_o the_o same_o as_o also_o of_o all_o manner_n of_o merchandise_n exceed_v in_o one_o parcel_n the_o sum_n of_o one_o hundred_o guilder_n no_o man_n shall_v be_v bind_v to_o receive_v more_o than_o the_o ten_o penny_n 2_o the_o duyt_n according_a to_o the_o order_n of_o the_o province_n make_v in_o the_o provincial_a mint_n and_o none_o other_o be_v as_o yet_o tolerate_v for_o a_o duyt_n and_o all_o other_o copper_n money_n of_o the_o provincial_a mint_n be_v also_o tolerate_v to_o be_v pay_v out_o for_o one_o penny_n the_o piece_n the_o 16_o whereof_o make_v one_o hollandt_n stiver_n and_o not_o above_o whereas_o we_o do_v intend_v hereafter_o to_o prohibit_v the_o same_o to_o be_v currant_n for_o any_o price_n because_o we_o will_v provide_v ourselves_o forthwith_o with_o so_o much_o copper_n money_n as_o the_o commodiousness_n shall_v require_v 3_o we_o do_v also_o prohibit_v from_o henceforth_o no_o copper_n money_n to_o be_v bring_v into_o these_o country_n above_o two_o stiver_n upon_o pain_n often_o stiver_n for_o every_o piece_n to_o be_v forfeit_v and_o whosoever_o shall_v issue_v any_o copper_n money_n above_o the_o say_a price_n shall_v incur_v the_o like_a penalty_n of_o ten_o stiver_n for_o every_o piece_n 4_o and_o all_o the_o say_a coin_n shall_v be_v currant_n in_o these_o province_n for_o the_o price_n aforesaid_a declare_v all_o other_o piece_n for_o bullion_n melt_v all_o other_o coin_n make_v bullion_n to_o be_v melt_v which_o by_o this_o our_o proclamation_n be_v not_o value_v prohibit_v any_o of_o the_o say_a piece_n to_o be_v offer_v or_o receive_v as_o also_o to_o press_v any_o of_o those_o which_o be_v value_v to_o be_v pay_v at_o a_o high_a price_n than_o they_o be_v value_v and_o likewise_o offer_v to_o put_v forth_o other_o coin_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n value_v which_o be_v clip_v wash_v break_a mend_v neiled_a or_o otherwise_o augment_v in_o weight_n upon_o forfeiture_n of_o all_o the_o say_a coin_n so_o to_o be_v offer_v at_o high_a rate_n than_o this_o proclamation_n do_v permit_v and_o if_o the_o fact_n be_v not_o instant_o discover_v to_o forfeit_v the_o value_n thereof_o and_o moreover_o the_o quadruple_a or_o the_o value_n thereof_o or_o 24_o guilder_n in_o lieu_n thereof_o if_o the_o say_a coin_n do_v not_o amount_v to_o six_o guilder_n for_o the_o first_o time_n the_o second_o time_n double_a and_o for_o the_o three_o time_n quadruple_a and_o moreover_o arbitrable_a correction_n according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o fact_n 5_o without_o that_o any_o distinction_n shall_v be_v make_v whether_o the_o say_v coin_n be_v instant_o pay_v from_o foreign_a part_n or_o send_v from_o some_o one_o province_n or_o town_n into_o another_o in_o which_o case_n if_o the_o receiver_n thereof_o will_v be_v free_v of_o the_o say_a forfeiture_n he_o be_v to_o give_v notice_n of_o it_o within_o twenty_o and_o four_o hour_n after_o the_o receipt_n thereof_o unto_o the_o magistrate_n or_o other_o officer_n to_o be_v thereunto_o appoint_v to_o the_o end_n they_o may_v proceed_v therein_o against_o the_o sender_n of_o the_o say_a coin_n as_o it_o shall_v or_o may_v appertain_v 6_o yet_o shall_v the_o say_a receiver_n keep_v the_o say_v coin_v whole_o to_o himself_o if_o the_o say_a money_n be_v send_v unto_o he_o in_o payment_n of_o a_o former_a debt_n and_o nevertheless_o have_v his_o action_n against_o the_o party_n for_o so_o much_o as_o they_o shall_v want_v of_o the_o say_a valuation_n and_o if_o the_o say_a coin_n be_v send_v for_o any_o debt_n as_o yet_o not_o due_a or_o to_o be_v make_v the_o say_a