Selected quad for the lemma: england_n

Word A Word B Word C Word D Occurrence Frequency Band MI MI Band Prominent
england_n edward_n french_a king_n 10,324 5 4.8411 4 true
View all documents for the selected quad

Text snippets containing the quad

ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A63890 Pallas armata, Military essayes of the ancient Grecian, Roman, and modern art of war vvritten in the years 1670 and 1671 / by Sir James Turner, Knight. Turner, James, Sir, 1615-1686? 1683 (1683) Wing T3292; ESTC R7474 599,141 396

There are 9 snippets containing the selected quad. | View original text

all_o that_o attend_v the_o baggage_n of_o his_o army_n to_o mount_v upon_o mule_n and_o sumpter-horse_n and_o hide_v themselves_o in_o some_o near_a hill_n and_o wood_n and_o in_o the_o time_n of_o fight_n to_o make_v a_o show_n as_o if_o they_o will_v cut_v off_o the_o gaul_n pass_v to_o their_o camp_n which_o the_o muleteer_n do_v upon_o a_o sign_n from_o the_o dictator_n the_o gaul_n immediate_o flee_v such_o a_o stratagein_o do_v king_n robert_n bruce_n happy_o use_v against_o edward_n the_o second_o of_o england_n in_o the_o battle_n near_o sterling_n but_o always_o not_o always_o the_o like_o be_v practise_v by_o the_o french_a at_o agincourt_n against_o henry_n the_o five_o king_n of_o england_n have_v a_o issue_n contrary_a to_o the_o thing_n intend_v it_o have_v be_v always_o and_o ever_o will_v be_v a_o rule_n of_o war_n tha●_n no_o man_n offer_v to_o plunder_v or_o look_v for_o booty_n till_o the_o enemy_n be_v total_o rout_v and_o chase_v rout_v no_o plunder_v till_o a_o enemy_n be_v total_o rout_v out_o of_o the_o field_n but_o for_o most_o part_n it_o be_v ill_o observe_v when_o parmenio_n at_o arbela_n send_v word_n to_o his_o master_n alexander_n that_o the_o perstans_fw-la be_v fall_v on_o the_o baggage_n which_o be_v but_o slender_o guard_v it_o be_v well_o answer_v of_o that_o great_a prince_n let_v say_v he_o the_o enemy_n be_v master_n of_o all_o the_o good_n that_o belong_v to_o my_o army_n so_o i_o over_o master_v he_o for_o than_o i_o shall_v recover_v my_o own_o and_o get_v his_o to_o boot_n the_o not_o observe_v this_o rule_n lose_v the_o christian_n the_o victory_n against_o the_o turk_n at_o agria_n at_o the_o battle_n of_o janquo_n in_o bohemia_n in_o the_o year_n 1644._o if_o i_o mistake_v instanced_a instanced_a not_o the_o imperialist_n be_v well_o near_a master_n of_o the_o field_n in_o so_o far_o that_o several_a brigade_n of_o the_o swede_n have_v run_v away_o and_o very_o many_o of_o their_o officer_n be_v take_v prisoner_n but_o they_o fall_v too_o soon_o to_o the_o plunder_v of_o the_o swedish_n wagon_n which_o torstensone_n christina_n felt-marshal_n do_v not_o offer_v to_o rescue_v though_o his_o own_o lady_n be_v take_v with_o they_o but_o take_v the_o advantage_n of_o the_o enemy_n disorder_n and_o with_o fresh_a and_o courageous_a troop_n pluck_v the_o victory_n out_o of_o his_o hand_n beat_v they_o out_o of_o the_o field_n recover_v his_o lady_n all_o his_o prisoner_n and_o baggage_n and_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o all_o the_o imperial_a coach_n and_o wagon_n take_v number_n of_o prisoner_n and_o among_o they_o him_z who_o command_v in_o chief_a the_o count_n of_o hatsfeld_n i_o know_v not_o how_o the_o proposition_n of_o some_o will_v relish_v with_o our_o great_a captain_n that_o some_o lusty_a strong_a man_n shall_v be_v arm_v with_o headpiece_n and_o corslet_n and_o long_a and_o large_a target_n all_o musket-proof_n and_o a_o rank_n of_o these_o ser_v together_o order_v to_o march_v before_o every_o batallion_n of_o pike_n and_o so_o protect_v they_o from_o shot_n till_o they_o be_v within_o two_o pike_n length_n of_o the_o enemy_n that_o they_o can_v make_v use_n of_o their_o own_o weapon_n but_o whether_o this_o be_v approve_v or_o not_o i_o think_v it_o will_v be_v of_o no_o great_a charge_n to_o the_o prince_n or_o state_n who_o manage_v the_o war_n to_o order_v every_o pike_n man_n to_o have_v at_o his_o girdle_n a_o pistol_n with_o a_o barrel_n two_o foot_n long_o whereof_o the_o three_o first_o rank_n may_v make_v use_n before_o they_o present_v their_o pike_n and_o the_o other_o three_o fire_n over_o the_o head_n of_o those_o who_o be_v before_o they_o in_o the_o time_n they_o be_v charge_v now_o the_o battle_n be_v do_v and_o if_o it_o fall_v out_o that_o it_o have_v be_v so_o well_o fight_v battle_n thing_n to_o be_v do_v after_o the_o battle_n that_o none_o of_o the_o army_n can_v boast_v of_o victory_n but_o that_o both_o have_v leave_v the_o place_n of_o combat_n as_o it_o be_v by_o mutual_a consent_n or_o that_o they_o be_v part_v by_o night_n then_o either_o both_o prepare_v to_o fight_v next_o day_n or_o the_o one_o find_v those_o want_n of_o which_o the_o other_o have_v no_o knowledge_n take_v the_o advantage_n of_o darkness_n and_o retire_v to_o some_o place_n of_o security_n where_o he_o may_v provide_v for_o his_o hurt_a man_n be_v furnish_v with_o what_o he_o want_v recruit_v his_o force_n and_o so_o give_v a_o stop_n to_o his_o enemy_n further_a progress_n and_o this_o no_o doubt_n be_v a_o tacit_a acknowledgement_n that_o he_o yield_v the_o honour_n of_o the_o day_n to_o he_o who_o keep_v the_o field_n but_o this_o be_v never_o lay_v in_o balance_n by_o any_o prudent_a captain_n with_o the_o preservation_n of_o his_o army_n the_o loss_n whereof_o may_v lose_v the_o prince_n his_o master_n more_o than_o such_o a_o punctilio_n of_o honour_n which_o at_o a_o more_o fortunate_a rencounter_n may_v quick_o be_v recover_v but_o if_o both_o resolve_v to_o try_v their_o fortune_n next_o day_n then_o both_o prepare_v for_o it_o the_o wounded_z be_v send_v away_o ammunition_n be_v give_v out_o and_o those_o who_o be_v sound_a be_v refresh_v and_o encourage_v this_o fall_v out_o but_o seldom_o though_o sometime_o it_o have_v happen_v the_o victory_n be_v pronounce_v to_o be_v his_o victory_n badge_n of_o victory_n who_o remain_v master_n of_o the_o ground_n where_o both_o fight_v and_o in_o ancient_a time_n he_o acknowledge_v himself_o to_o be_v vanquish_v who_o desire_v liberty_n to_o bury_v his_o dead_a bernard_n duke_n of_o saxon_n weymar_n have_v besiege_v reinfeld_n and_o two_o imperial_a army_n come_v to_o raise_v the_o siege_n he_o fight_v both_o till_o night_n part_v the_o fray_n but_o with_o this_o difference_n that_o the_o imperialist_n get_v between_o he_o and_o the_o besiege_a town_n and_o so_o succour_v it_o upon_o which_o the_o duke_n retire_v and_o leave_v his_o enemy_n the_o badge_n of_o victory_n but_o with_o a_o resolution_n to_o return_v and_o throw_v the_o dye_n of_o war_n once_o more_o as_o he_o do_v as_o you_o shall_v hear_v anon_o when_o a_o entire_a victory_n be_v obtain_v he_o who_o have_v lose_v the_o day_n shall_v not_o lose_v do_v what_o a_o vanquish_a general_n shall_v do_v his_o courage_n too_o but_o aught_o to_o gather_v up_o his_o shipwreck_n rally_v his_o disperse_a and_o break_a troop_n get_v new_a recruit_n dissemble_v his_o loss_n encourage_v his_o party_n and_o draw_v to_o a_o head_n again_o these_o be_v thing_n practise_v by_o all_o intelligent_a general_n withal_o he_o shall_v with_o all_o convenient_a diligence_n send_v a_o trumpeter_n to_o the_o victorious_a general_n to_o demand_v a_o list_n of_o his_o prisoner_n which_o when_o he_o have_v get_v he_o shall_v make_v all_o the_o haste_n he_o can_v to_o get_v they_o ransom_v or_o exchange_v and_o this_o be_v a_o duty_n he_o owe_v to_o prudence_n honour_n and_o conscience_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n he_o who_o have_v gain_v the_o victory_n may_v lose_v himself_o if_o he_o be_v do_v what_o a_o victorious_a general_n shall_v do_v secure_a for_o a_o resolute_a enemy_n may_v soon_o take_v he_o nap_v as_o that_o same_o duke_n of_o weymar_n do_v the_o imperial_a army_n that_o have_v beat_v he_o for_o have_v get_v together_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o force_n that_o be_v not_o with_o he_o at_o his_o late_a overthrow_n he_o return_v and_o give_v battle_n to_o the_o imperialist_n who_o dream_v of_o no_o such_o thing_n and_o obtain_v so_o complete_a a_o victory_n over_o they_o that_o he_o make_v all_o the_o general_a person_n his_o prisoner_n who_o be_v lead_v into_o paris_n in_o triumph_n duc_n de_fw-fr savelli_n a_o italian_a be_v one_o of_o they_o who_o escape_v afterward_o out_o of_o prison_n but_o the_o deep_a contemplation_n of_o the_o sudden_a change_n of_o fortune_n in_o his_o military_a employment_n move_v he_o to_o make_v a_o exchange_n of_o his_o helmet_n with_o a_o cardinal_n cap._n it_o be_v for_o that_o that_o he_o who_o command_v a_o victorious_a army_n shall_v not_o in_o sloth_n pass_v away_o his_o time_n but_o improve_v his_o victory_n to_o the_o great_a advantage_n of_o his_o master_n and_o not_o be_v guilty_a of_o that_o whereof_o one_o of_o the_o great_a captain_n among_o the_o ancient_n hannibal_n be_v tax_v that_o he_o know_v not_o how_o to_o use_v victory_n whereof_o two_o other_o one_o before_o he_o and_o another_o after_o he_o can_v never_o be_v accuse_v and_o those_o be_v the_o great_a alexander_n and_o the_o great_a julius_n caesar_n chap._n xxiii_o of_o retreat_n to_o retire_v after_o a_o battle_n or_o a_o brisk_a rencounter_n lead_v i_o to_o speak_v of_o retreat_n next_o the_o sight_v well_o and_o win_v of_o a_o battle_n the_o three_o great_a
be_v that_o of_o the_o garter_n institute_v by_o edward_n the_o three_o of_o england_n under_o the_o patrociny_n of_o saint_n george_n as_o that_o of_o the_o thistle_n of_o scotland_n be_v under_o saint_n andrew_n john_n of_o valois_n king_n of_o france_n institute_v the_o order_n of_o the_o star_n under_o the_o protection_n of_o saint_n owen_n say_v the_o french_a as_o one_o of_o his_o successor_n lovis_n the_o eleven_o institute_v that_o of_o saint_n michael_n in_o the_o minority_n of_o henry_n the_o six_o of_o england_n when_o the_o war_n be_v hot_a between_o that_o kingdom_n and_o france_n philip_n le_fw-fr bou_fw-fr duke_n of_o burgundy_n institute_v the_o noble_a order_n of_o the_o golden_a fleece_n under_o the_o protection_n of_o saint_n andrew_n the_o king_n of_o denmark_n make_v knight_n of_o the_o elephant_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o savoy_n those_o of_o the_o annunciation_n christina_n queen_n of_o sueden_n institute_v a_o new_a order_n of_o knighthood_n which_o she_o will_v have_v call_v the_o order_n of_o the_o amaranth_n which_o they_o say_v never_o wither_v and_o according_o she_o appoint_v the_o device_n to_o be_v semper_fw-la idem_fw-la the_o knight_n of_o the_o teutonick_n or_o dutch_a order_n those_o of_o st._n john_n of_o jerusalem_n call_v afterward_o hospitaller_n knight_n of_o the_o rhodes_n and_o now_o of_o malta_n as_o also_o those_o of_o the_o sepulchre_n or_o knight_n templar_n be_v and_o some_o yet_o be_v very_o martial_a knight_n who_o renown_a action_n be_v and_o ever_o knighthood_n religious_a order_n of_o knighthood_n will_v be_v on_o the_o record_n of_o fame_n but_o there_o be_v likewise_o religious_a order_n for_o they_o vow_v chastity_n poverty_n and_o obedience_n and_o from_o religion_n have_v come_v most_o of_o the_o spanish_a order_n of_o knighthood_n sanctius_n the_o three_o of_o that_o name_n king_n of_o castille_n for_o the_o more_o vigorous_a prosecution_n of_o the_o war_n against_o the_o infidel_n institute_v the_o order_n of_o calatrava_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o toledo_n the_o master_n of_o which_o order_n be_v a_o person_n of_o great_a riches_n and_o power_n his_o son_n alphonse_n the_o nine_o in_o the_o time_n of_o his_o dangeron_n war_n with_o the_o moor_n institute_v the_o order_n of_o saint_n james_n which_o have_v since_o come_v to_o that_o height_n of_o power_n that_o the_o master_n of_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o great_a subject_n of_o spain_n but_o ferdinand_n the_o first_o catholic_n king_n make_v himself_o and_o his_o successor_n with_o the_o help_n of_o the_o pope_n master_n of_o these_o order_n one_o of_o the_o king_n of_o portugal_n when_o he_o have_v war_n with_o both_o the_o saracen_n of_o africa_n and_o spain_n institute_v the_o order_n of_o the_o knight_n of_o jesus_n christ_n about_o the_o year_n 1570._o the_o queen_n of_o navarre_n cause_v 12_o d'albret_a jane_n d'albret_a great_a medal_n of_o gold_n to_o be_v coin_v which_o she_o distribute_v among_o 12_o of_o the_o most_o eminent_a chieftain_n of_o the_o reform_a religion_n as_o token_n of_o their_o fraternity_n to_o incite_v they_o to_o constancy_n valour_n and_o perseverance_n in_o the_o cause_n against_o the_o roman_a catholic_n upon_o one_o side_n of_o the_o medal_n be_v these_o word_n assure_a peace_n entire_a victory_n or_o honest_a death_n on_o the_o reverse_n be_v the_o queen_n own_o name_n with_o that_o of_o her_o son_n the_o prince_n of_o bearne_v who_o be_v afterward_o henry_n the_o four_o the_o great_a king_n of_o france_n and_o navarre_n war_n drain_v the_o treasure_n of_o prince_n and_o state_n so_o dry_a that_o for_o most_o part_n they_o be_v not_o able_a to_o pay_v the_o wage_n and_o arrear_n of_o those_o who_o serve_v they_o much_o less_o reward_v they_o the_o roman_a oak_n olive_n and_o laurel_n crown_n be_v out_o of_o fashion_n long_o ago_o nor_o will_v they_o signify_v any_o thing_n but_o rather_o be_v ridiculous_a unless_o they_o be_v give_v with_o all_o the_o wage_n due_a to_o the_o party_n who_o be_v to_o be_v honour_v with_o one_o of_o those_o crown_n as_o the_o roman_n be_v accustom_v to_o do_v i_o have_v observe_v in_o another_o place_n how_o in_o many_o part_n of_o christendom_n officer_n above_o the_o quality_n of_o private_a captain_n many_o time_n be_v reduce_v to_o beggary_n to_o obviate_v which_o since_o prince_n and_o state_n can_v forbear_v war_n or_o will_v not_o live_v in_o peace_n it_o will_v be_v a_o great_a work_n of_o charity_n in_o they_o and_o will_v much_o redound_v to_o their_o honour_n charity_n work_n of_o charity_n and_o fame_n to_o build_v some_o hospital_n and_o endue_v they_o with_o some_o small_a revenue_n in_o which_o those_o commander_n who_o be_v lame_a old_a and_o poor_a may_v get_v a_o morsel_n of_o bread_n which_o will_v be_v a_o exceed_a great_a relief_n to_o those_o distress_a gentleman_n and_o much_o encourage_v young_a people_n to_o engage_v in_o a_o fresh_a war_n for_o alas_o though_o write_v testimony_n sign_v and_o seal_v by_o the_o prince_n or_o his_o general_n may_v be_v of_o good_a use_n to_o young_a and_o lusty_a gallant_n who_o have_v their_o health_n and_o some_o money_n in_o their_o purse_n to_o look_v for_o new_a fortune_n yet_o pass_n though_o never_o so_o favourable_a to_o poor_a old_a man_n be_v upon_o the_o matter_n nothing_o else_o pass_n pass_n but_o fair_a commission_n to_o beg_v chap._n xxviii_o the_o comparison_n make_v by_o justus_n lipsius_n of_o the_o ancient_n and_o modern_a militia_n examine_v it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o curse_n that_o follow_v adam_n fall_n and_o i_o think_v be_v inherent_a in_o nature_n discontent_n follow_v humane_a nature_n he_o before_o his_o fall_n that_o as_o he_o be_v not_o so_o none_o of_o his_o posterity_n can_v be_v content_a with_o his_o present_a condition_n the_o long_a desire_n we_o have_v to_o enjoy_v that_o we_o want_v rob_v we_o of_o the_o content_a we_o may_v have_v of_o what_o we_o possess_v hence_o it_o be_v that_o old_a man_n cry_v up_o those_o custom_n that_o be_v use_v when_o they_o be_v boy_n vilify_a the_o present_a and_o magnify_v the_o bypass_a time_n neither_o be_v this_o fastidium_fw-la or_o loathe_v of_o present_a thing_n the_o concomitant_a of_o age_n only_o for_o young_a man_n who_o be_v in_o their_o strength_n be_v taint_v with_o it_o some_o be_v displease_v with_o the_o government_n of_o the_o state_n other_o huge_o dissatisfy_v with_o that_o of_o the_o church_n because_o none_o of_o they_o be_v cast_v in_o those_o mould_n which_o they_o fancy_v to_o be_v better_a than_o the_o present_a one_o and_o though_o perhaps_o they_o can_v pretend_v to_o have_v see_v better_a in_o their_o own_o time_n yet_o they_o have_v hear_v or_o read_v of_o those_o which_o they_o conceive_v be_v so_o absolute_o good_a that_o nothing_o can_v be_v add_v to_o their_o perfection_n other_o like_v only_o of_o those_o government_n which_o have_v their_o birth_n rise_v growth_n and_o perfection_n in_o their_o own_o giddy_a brain_n but_o to_o come_v near_o our_o purpose_n few_o soldier_n be_v satisfy_v with_o their_o own_o country_n militia_n for_o if_o they_o have_v be_v abroad_o in_o the_o world_n at_o their_o return_n home_o they_o cry_v up_o the_o arm_n the_o art_n and_o the_o discipline_n of_o foreigner_n nor_o can_v they_o find_v any_o thing_n at_o home_n can_v please_v they_o and_o though_o their_o occasion_n have_v never_o invite_v they_o to_o take_v a_o view_n of_o strange_a place_n yet_o their_o book_n afford_v they_o matter_n enough_o to_o prefer_v those_o arm_n those_o exercise_n those_o guard_n those_o figure_n of_o battle_n that_o discipline_n of_o war_n they_o never_o see_v to_o all_o those_o they_o may_v daily_o see_v of_o this_o disease_n of_o discontent_n i_o think_v justus_n lipsius_n have_v be_v militia_n justus_n lipsius_n a_o admirer_n of_o the_o roman_a militia_n irrecoverable_o sick_a and_o though_o he_o do_v not_o compile_v a_o military_a systeme_n of_o his_o own_o as_o machiavelli_n do_v yet_o i_o may_v compare_v these_o two_o in_o this_o that_o both_o of_o they_o be_v speculative_a soldier_n lipsius_n be_v so_o far_o disgu_v with_o the_o milice_fw-la of_o his_o own_o time_n which_o true_o be_v about_o eighty_o or_o ninety_o year_n ago_o be_v a_o excellent_a one_o which_o he_o may_v have_v see_v and_o observe_v better_o than_o his_o write_n show_v he_o do_v and_o be_v so_o much_o in_o love_n with_o the_o old_a roman_a militia_n which_o he_o never_o see_v but_o by_o contemplation_n that_o in_o the_o comparison_n he_o make_v of_o the_o two_o in_o the_o last_o chapter_n of_o his_o commentary_n on_o polybius_n he_o be_v not_o ashamed_a to_o prefer_v the_o ancient_a art_n of_o war_n to_o the_o modern_a one_o in_o all_o its_o dimension_n as_o i_o conceive_v he_o be_v so_o rational_a as_o to_o think_v no_o man_n will_v deny_v the_o modern_a war_n he_o compare_v
actor_n and_o this_o they_o do_v either_o upon_o hear_v say_v register_n the_o fable_n of_o vain_a and_o ignorant_a ●_z who_o either_o have_v be_v or_o pretend_v to_o have_v be_v in_o the_o action_n for_o truth_n or_o write_v according_a to_o their_o own_o apprehension_n of_o thing_n which_o many_o time_n be_v so_o pitiful_o weak_a that_o their_o extravagancy_n put_v know_v reader_n on_o the_o rack_n and_o force_v they_o to_o cast_v their_o book_n away_o from_o they_o and_o indeed_o i_o have_v read_v the_o description_n of_o some_o battle_n in_o book_n write_v by_o no_o mean_a author_n wherein_o both_o army_n be_v marshal_v in_o such_o order_n that_o i_o can_v not_o fancy_v it_o can_v be_v do_v by_o any_o except_o a●adis_n de_fw-fr gaul_n or_o the_o knight_n of_o the_o sun_n let_v we_o except_v from_o these_o of_o modern_a historian_n paolo_n giovio_n d'avita_n and_o the_o other_o unknown_a author_n of_o the_o history_n of_o the_o civil_a war_n of_o france_n philip_n his●orians_n noble_a his●orians_n de_fw-fr comines_n cardinal_n bentivoglio_n strada_n john_n pe●it_fw-la edward_n philips_n his_o late_a history_n of_o england_n chemnitius_n his_o history_n of_o the_o swedish_n expedition_n theatrum_fw-la europ●um_fw-la these_o two_o last_o write_v in_o high_a dutch_a and_o diego_n sir●_n who_o have_v write_v the_o history_n of_o these_o time_n very_o voluminous_o in_o italian_a these_o have_v either_o be_v actor_n themselves_o or_o have_v get_v their_o relation_n from_o those_o emperor_n king_n prince_n or_o general_n who_o manage_v the_o war_n have_v give_v we_o history_n well_o worth_a the_o read_n to_o these_o we_o may_v add_v guicciardin●_n though_o for_o his_o prolixity_n he_o be_v use_v very_o scurrilous_o by_o boc●alini_n who_o tell_v we_o that_o in_o boccalini_n guicciardini_n tax_v by_o boccalini_n parnass●●_n a_o laconian_a who_o have_v express_v his_o thought_n in_o three_o word_n which_o he_o may_v have_v do_v in_o two_o be_v order_v for_o his_o punishment_n to_o read_v guicciardini_n the_o poor_a fellow_n beg_v rather_o to_o be_v fley_v alive_a than_o be_v torture_v with_o read_v a_o historian_n who_o in_o the_o relation_n of_o the_o war_n between_o the_o florentines_n and_o pisans_n make_v long_a discourse_n of_o the_o take_v a_o pigeon_n house_n than_o he_o need_v to_o have_v make_v of_o the_o best_a fortify_v castle_n yet_o thus_o much_o most_o if_o not_o all_o historian_n agree_v on_o when_o they_o speak_v of_o army_n they_o mention_v van_n battel_n and_o rear_n which_o show_v that_o the_o roman_a method_n of_o marshal_n their_o army_n in_o three_o body_n one_o behind_o another_o be_v observe_v by_o most_o nation_n till_o of_o late_a year_n some_o master_n of_o the_o military_a art_n for_o some_o good_a reason_n think_v it_o convenient_a to_o reduce_v they_o to_o two_o it_o be_v pity_n so_o few_o since_o vegetius_n his_o time_n have_v show_v themselves_o tactic_n that_o tactic_n we_o have_v but_o few_o tactic_n be_v to_o teach_v we_o the_o art_n of_o war_n use_v in_o their_o own_o time_n for_o so_o we_o shall_v have_v know_v the_o military_a custom_n of_o several_a nation_n and_o of_o several_a age_n i_o have_v hear_v t●●t_a gonsalvo_n di_fw-it corduba_n who_o by_o his_o gallant_a conduct_n recover_v the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n from_o the_o french_a for_o the_o house_n of_o arragon_n write_v in_o spanish_a tra●●ado_fw-it de_fw-fr re_fw-mi militari_fw-la if_o it_o be_v extant_a it_o must_v be_v well_o worth_a the_o perusal_n as_o the_o work_n of_o one_o who_o by_o his_o great_a action_n have_v acquire_v to_o himself_o the_o title_n of_o capitan●_n i●_n grand_fw-mi capitan●_n it_o grand_fw-mi capitano_fw-it the_o ●reat_a captain_n in_o the_o last_o year_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o four_o of_o france_n about_o sixty_o year_n ago_o lovis_n de_fw-fr m●mgomery_n lord_n of_o carb●●s●●_n write_v a_o little_a book_n de_fw-fr ●●_o m●●gomery_n lovis_z de_fw-fr m●●gomery_n milice_fw-la francoise_n of_o the_o french_a militia_n it_o show_v he_o to_o have_v be_v very_o much_o a_o soldier_n but_o the_o marrow_n of_o that_o piece_n lie_v in_o his_o description_n of_o some_o artificial_a firework_n the_o knowledge_n whereof_o lie_v not_o in_o every_o man_n way_n nor_o be_v it_o preissac_n preissac_n necessary_a for_o every_o soldier_n though_o it_o add_v to_o his_o perfection_n the_o si●●r_n de_fw-fr pr●issa●_n write_v a_o little_a treatise_n in_o french_a of_o military_a question_n and_o resolve_v very_o well_o english_v by_o mr._n cruso_n a_o understand_a captain_n who_o i_o suppose_v write_v bockler_n captain_n crus●_n bockler_n himself_o in_o english_a a_o book_n of_o cavalry_n well_o worth_a the_o read_n bockler_n a_o german_a engineer_n have_v not_o many_o year_n ago_o write_v in_o his_o own_o language_n a_o piece_n wherein_o he_o give_v we_o a_o pretty_a good_a account_n of_o the_o military_a custom_n of_o his_o own_o country_n in_o his_o own_o time_n which_o may_v be_v from_o the_o year_n 1630_o till_o the_o year_n 1664_o or_o thereabouts_o lieutenant_n colonel_n elton_n his_o complete_a body_n of_o the_o military_a elton_n lieutenant_n colonel_n elton_n art_n with_o the_o supplement_n add_v to_o it_o by_o captain_n rud_n without_o which_o it_o be_v not_o a_o complete_a body_n be_v a_o piece_n well_o worth_a the_o perusal_n there_o be_v certain_o other_o who_o have_v write_v of_o this_o subject_a who_o i_o have_v neither_o see_v nor_o read_v some_o again_o there_o be_v who_o instead_o of_o inform_v we_o what_o method_n or_o ordinance_n of_o war_n prince_n and_o state_n use_v in_o their_o time_n the_o want_n whereof_o i_o so_o much_o lament_v give_v we_o model_n of_o their_o own_o frame_n either_o in_o whole_a or_o in_o part_n for_o militia_n prince_n and_o state_n only_o to_o mould_n new_a militia_n my_o part_n i_o think_v any_o new_a mould_n of_o a_o militia_n or_o the_o reformation_n of_o a_o old_a one_o be_v the_o work_n of_o a_o prince_n or_o state_n who_o be_v able_a to_o bring_v together_o person_n experience_v in_o all_o kind_n of_o military_a affair_n to_o give_v their_o advice_n out_o of_o which_o the_o prince_n or_o state_n may_v frame_v such_o constitution_n as_o be_v think_v most_o conducible_a to_o carry_v on_o a_o war_n and_o then_o by_o their_o authority_n impose_v a_o necessity_n of_o obedience_n to_o those_o constitution_n and_o therefore_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v the_o work_n of_o any_o private_a person_n brancati●_n a_o italian_a peremptory_o condemn_v the_o use_n of_o the_o pike_n and_o in_o imitation_n of_o he_o mr._n l●pto●_n a_o english_a man_n write_v a_o book_n wherein_o he_o endeavour_v to_o prove_v the_o uselessness_n of_o that_o ancient_a weapon_n but_o i_o shall_v meet_v with_o his_o argument_n in_o another_o place_n machiavelli_n go_v a_o great_a length_n and_o present_v the_o world_n with_o a_o milice_fw-la of_o war._n machiavelli_n his_o book_n of_o war._n his_o own_o the_o birth_n of_o his_o own_o brain_n a_o hodge_n podg_v of_o some_o of_o the_o ancient_n and_o some_o of_o the_o modern_a militia_n with_o a_o mixture_n of_o many_o of_o his_o own_o invention_n in_o his_o book_n of_o that_o subject_a he_o father_n most_o of_o his_o notion_n on_o fabritio_n col●●●●_n a_o excellent_a captain_n who_o no_o doubt_n if_o ever_o he_o have_v see_v they_o have_v reject_v they_o as_o spurious_a some_o of_o his_o mistake_n i_o have_v touch_v in_o my_o discourse_n of_o the_o roman_a art_n of_o war_n i_o shall_v only_o in_o this_o place_n trouble_v my_o reader_n with_o two_o or_o three_o animadversion_n that_o will_v show_v his_o skill_n in_o martial_a affair_n in_o his_o four_o book_n he_o make_v it_o one_o of_o his_o maxim_n that_o all_o good_a captain_n shall_v rather_o receive_v than_o give_v the_o charge_n of_o this_o i_o speak_v in_o the_o nineteenth_o they_o first_o observation_n of_o they_o chapter_n of_o my_o essay_n of_o the_o roman_a art_n of_o war_n here_o i_o shall_v tell_v you_o the_o reason_n he_o give_v for_o his_o opinion_n the_o first_o fury_n say_v he_o be_v easy_o sustain_v by_o firm_a and_o experience_a soldier_n and_o then_o it_o vanish_v in_o smoke_n but_o i_o ask_v first_o what_o if_o they_o who_o be_v charge_v be_v neither_o firm_a nor_o experience_v for_o all_o army_n be_v not_o compose_v of_o veteran_n next_o i_o ask_v what_o if_o they_o be_v both_o firm_a and_o experience_a and_o yet_o do_v not_o sustain_v the_o charge_n in_o thosew_n two_o case_n the_o first_o charge_n vanish_v not_o in_o smoke_n pompey_n his_o soldier_n be_v firm_a and_o experience_a yet_o do_v not_o sustain_v c●sar●_n charge_v at_o pharsalia_n but_o of_o this_o i_o speak_v enough_o in_o another_o place_n in_o that_o same_o four_o book_n this_o author_n show_v we_o how_o a_o enemy_n may_v be_v surround_v in_o time_n of_o battle_n and_o i_o pray_v you_o observe_v the_o lesson_n he_o give_v
tree_n and_o the_o stake_n the_o shrub_n gustavus_n adolphus_n be_v the_o first_o swedish_n king_n that_o use_v they_o and_o it_o be_v say_v he_o invent_v they_o in_o his_o war_n in_o liefland_n against_o the_o polonian_n who_o far_o overpower_v he_o in_o horse_n i_o believe_v he_o use_v they_o first_o there_o but_o the_o invention_n of_o they_o be_v of_o a_o far_o old_a date_n than_o the_o swede_n will_v have_v they_o to_o be_v for_o henry_n the_o five_o king_n of_o england_n the_o night_n before_o the_o battle_n of_o agincourt_n fear_v to_o be_v bear_v down_o by_o the_o french_a king_n numerous_a agincourt_n use_v by_o henry_n the_o five_o at_o agincourt_n cavalry_n cause_v each_o of_o his_o bowman_n to_o provide_v one_o of_o these_o stake_n whereof_o the_o vine_n there_o afford_v he_o plenty_n and_o be_v make_v sharp_a at_o both_o end_n though_o they_o be_v not_o point_v with_o iron_n they_o do_v his_o business_n well_o enough_o and_o contribute_v not_o a_o little_a to_o the_o gain_n of_o that_o victory_n which_o give_v he_o so_o great_a foot_n in_o france_n to_o this_o kind_n of_o defensive_a arm_n may_v be_v reduce_v that_o invention_n of_o rangon_n in_o defence_n rangon_n frame_v of_o defence_n the_o french_a army_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o francis_n the_o first_o which_o be_v a_o great_a frame_n of_o timber_n that_o can_v be_v take_v in_o piece_n and_o carry_v on_o cart_n and_o easy_o join_v together_o whereby_o batallion_n be_v barricado_v and_o serve_v but_o to_o little_a purpose_n as_o also_o that_o frame_n which_o as_o i_o have_v hear_v from_o some_o commander_n the_o great_a duke_n of_o muscovia_n use_v with_o which_o the_o russian_n be_v so_o well_o acquaint_v barricado_n muscovian_a barricado_n that_o they_o can_v very_o sudden_o piece_n it_o together_o and_o shroud_v themselves_o within_o it_o from_o the_o charge_n of_o horse_n and_o as_o nimble_o take_v it_o down_o and_o march_v away_o with_o it_o in_o my_o last_o chapter_n of_o the_o grecian_a militia_n i_o speak_v of_o the_o french_a defensive_a arms._n french_z defensive_a arms._n arm_n both_o for_o their_o horse_n and_o foot_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o far_o different_a from_o those_o that_o be_v use_v now_o the_o turk_n use_v defensive_a arm_n but_o neither_o so_o good_a or_o so_o many_o as_o other_o turk_n turk_n nation_n do_v the_o persian_a curiassier_n be_v arm_v all_o over_o their_o body_n man_n and_o horse_n and_o persian_n persian_n this_o perhaps_o help_v they_o to_o overmaster_v the_o turk_n in_o cavalry_n their_o headpiece_n be_v deck_v with_o fair_a and_o large_a plume_n of_o feather_n and_o their_o target_n which_o they_o likewise_o use_v be_v gild_v they_o have_v likewise_o light_a horseman_n who_o carry_v head_n piece_n and_o corslet_n when_o the_o mamaluck_v have_v the_o sovereignty_n of_o egypt_n syria_n and_o palestine_n the_o mamaluck_v mamaluck_v better_a sort_n of_o they_o for_o all_o be_v horseman_n be_v arm_v for_o the_o defensive_a from_o head_n to_o foot_n man_n and_o horse_n the_o second_o sort_n carry_v large_a target_n wherewith_o they_o defend_v their_o body_n in_o the_o shock_n but_o before_o they_o come_v to_o it_o they_o throw_v these_o target_n over_o their_o back_n till_o they_o make_v use_v of_o their_o bow_n and_o arrow_n the_o abyssens_n or_o aethiopian_n one_o hundred_o and_o forty_o year_n ago_o arm_v their_o abyssens_n abyssens_n horseman_n with_o coat_n of_o male_a which_o cover_v their_o whole_a body_n to_o their_o knee_n mor●ions_n for_o their_o head_n and_o in_o their_o hand_n round_a target_n in_o the_o day_n of_o charles_n the_o five_o the_o bohemian_o have_v great_a target_n or_o shield_n bohemian_o bohemian_o wherewith_o they_o cover_v their_o whole_a body_n before_o that_o time_n and_o since_o too_o the_o hungarian_n walachian_o and_o transylvanian_n use_v head_n piece_n corslet_n and_o hungarian_n hungarian_n target_n since_o gunpowder_n the_o englishman_n at_o arm_n or_o curiassier_n be_v arm_v at_o all_o english_a english_a piece_n their_o light_a horseman_n with_o morrion_n jack_n and_o sleeve_n of_o male._n so_o be_v our_o scot_n who_o use_v also_o steel-cap_n or_o bonnet_n scottish_a scottish_a john_n pety●_n in_o his_o history_n of_o the_o netherlands_o tell_v we_o that_o in_o the_o year_n 1599_o when_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n be_v make_v vast_a preparation_n for_o the_o prosecution_n hollander_n hollander_n of_o the_o war_n against_o spain_n and_o to_o that_o purpose_n be_v levy_v both_o foot_n and_o horse_n they_o make_v a_o ordnance_n for_o the_o arm_n that_o both_o their_o horseman_n and_o footman_n shall_v carry_v of_o the_o defensive_a he_o give_v we_o this_o account_n the_o reuter_n or_o horseman_n suppose_v curiassier_n be_v to_o have_v a_o head-piece_n a_o gorget_n a_o breast_n and_o a_o back_n two_o poldron_n a_o gauntlet_n for_o his_o left_a hand_n belly_n and_o thigh_n and_o knee-piece_n and_o culot_n which_o say_v he_o be_v piece_n of_o armour_n to_o defend_v the_o reins_o the_o carabiner_n be_v to_o have_v a_o head-piece_n a_o gorget_n a_o back_n and_o a_o breast_n the_o pikeman_n headpiece_n gorget_n back_n and_o breast_n the_o musketeer_n headpiece_n what_o offensive_a arm_n or_o weapon_n all_o these_o nation_n use_v i_o be_o to_o tell_v you_o just_a now_o chap._n iu._n of_o offensive_a arm_n or_o weapon_n use_v by_o the_o cavalry_n of_o several_a nation_n that_o there_o be_v no_o new_a thing_n under_o the_o sun_n and_o that_o what_o be_v have_v be_v may_v admit_v of_o a_o favourable_a interpretation_n for_o time_n be_v when_o neither_o pistol_n nor_o carrabine_n be_v know_v in_o the_o world_n neither_o do_v antiquity_n know_v gunpowder_n which_o be_v the_o mother_n of_o they_o both_o and_o many_o other_o engine_n of_o fire_n the_o sword_n be_v a_o weapon_n that_o be_v never_o out_o of_o fashion_n use_v in_o all_o age_n and_o by_o sword_n the_o sword_n all_o nation_n of_o the_o world_n though_o the_o difference_n be_v that_o some_o horseman_n use_v long_o and_o some_o short_a sword_n but_o this_o shall_v not_o be_v leave_v to_o the_o choice_n of_o the_o horseman_n for_o the_o length_n of_o their_o sword_n shall_v be_v limit_v to_o they_o by_o the_o prince_n or_o state_n they_o serve_v few_o tell_v we_o whether_o the_o sword_n of_o the_o horseman_n they_o write_v of_o be_v for_o cut_v or_o for_o thrust_v or_o for_o both_o as_o the_o roman_a sword_n be_v the_o persian_n turk_n russian_n polonian_n and_o hungarian_n for_o most_o part_n wear_v scimiter_n and_o shable_n which_o be_v crooked_a serve_v only_o for_o shear_v and_o not_o at_o all_o for_o stab_v monluc_n in_o the_o first_o book_n of_o his_o first_o tome_n say_v that_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o francis_n the_o first_o about_o a_o hundred_o and_o forty_o year_n ago_o the_o french_a gens_n d'arm_v carry_v broad_a sword_n which_o be_v so_o well_o edge_v that_o they_o can_v cut_v through_o sleeve_n and_o cap_n of_o male._n the_o scot_n and_o english_a use_v constant_o broad_a sword_n for_o if_o we_o believe_v some_o of_o the_o english_a history_n a_o rapier_n be_v so_o new_a a_o weapon_n in_o england_n that_o it_o be_v not_o yet_o above_o one_o hundred_o year_n old_a in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o late_a trouble_n in_o england_n long_a rapier_n be_v use_v for_o a_o while_n and_o then_o lay_v aside_o the_o german_a horseman_n use_v sword_n fit_a both_o to_o slash_v and_o thrust_v john_n pety●_n in_o that_o place_n mention_v in_o the_o last_o chapter_n say_v the_o estate_n of_o holland_n order_v their_o horseman_n to_o carry_v short_a sword_n according_a to_o such_o a_o length_n appoint_v for_o that_o purpose_n it_o be_v to_o be_v wish_v that_o if_o horseman_n be_v oblige_v by_o their_o capitulation_n to_o furnish_v themselves_o with_o sword_n that_o their_o officer_n will_v see_v they_o provide_v of_o better_a than_o ordinary_o most_o of_o they_o carry_v which_o be_v such_o as_o may_v be_v well_o enough_o resist_v by_o either_o a_o good_a felt_n or_o a_o buffcoat_n a_o mace_n be_v a_o ancient_a weapon_n for_o a_o horseman_n neither_o be_v it_o out_o of_o use_n long_o mace_n the_o mace_n after_o the_o invention_n of_o hand-gun_n for_o we_o read_v of_o they_o frequent_o use_v by_o most_o nation_n a_o hundred_o year_n ago_o and_o certain_o in_o a_o medley_n they_o may_v be_v more_o serviceable_a than_o sword_n for_o when_o they_o be_v guide_v by_o a_o strong_a arm_n we_o find_v the_o party_n strike_v with_o they_o be_v either_o fell_v from_o his_o horse_n or_o have_v his_o head-piece_n beat_v close_o to_o his_o head_n be_v make_v reel_v in_o his_o saddle_n with_o his_o blood_n run_v plentiful_o out_o of_o his_o nose_n the_o lance_n be_v the_o horsemans_n weapon_n wherewith_o he_o charge_v neither_o do_v i_o lance._n the_o lance._n find_v that_o any_o nation_n want_v
the_o one_o or_o other_o be_v the_o head_n of_o the_o army_n now_o as_o i_o say_v before_o where_o the_o great_a trust_n be_v there_o be_v the_o great_a honour_n and_o consequent_o the_o infantry_n be_v more_o honourable_a than_o the_o cavalry_n these_o thing_n be_v well_o enough_o know_v to_o the_o grecian_n and_o macedonian_n he_o that_o command_v the_o whole_a phalanx_n that_o be_v the_o whole_a army_n stay_v with_o the_o heavy_a arm_a foot_n so_o do_v all_o the_o artillery_n and_o ammunition_n of_o the_o army_n and_o certain_o they_o have_v detachment_n as_o well_o as_o we_o have_v and_o the_o suntagmatarch_n of_o a_o foot_n phalanx_n have_v under_o his_o command_n two_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o six_o man_n with_o colour_n and_o suitable_a officer_n how_o will_v the_o merry_a greek_n have_v laugh_v if_o this_o suntagmatarch_n who_o our_o captain_n sixty_o year_n ago_o in_o many_o place_n when_o company_n be_v three_o hundred_o strong_a do_v represent_v have_v be_v require_v to_o submit_v himself_o to_o the_o command_n of_o a_o elarchos_n who_o be_v captain_n of_o sixty_o four_o horse_n and_o represent_v our_o ritmaster_n now_o adays_o for_o sometime_o the_o grecian_a troop_n of_o horse_n be_v one_o hundred_o in_o the_o roman_a art_n of_o war_n a_o legion_n be_v command_v by_o tribune_n by_o turn_n or_o as_o we_o call_v it_o from_o the_o french_a by_o tower_n he_o who_o six_o month_n it_o be_v to_o command_v have_v ordinary_o four_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o sometime_o five_o thousand_o and_o sometime_o six_o thousand_o foot_n under_o his_o command_n the_o horse_n ordain_v to_o attend_v this_o legion_n be_v but_o adjectitious_a and_o be_v seldom_o above_o three_o hundred_o sometime_o not_o so_o many_o the_o denomination_n of_o any_o officer_n be_v à_fw-la majori_fw-la parte_fw-la from_o the_o great_a part_n and_o therefore_o the_o tribune_n be_v a_o colonel_n of_o foot_n and_o yet_o command_v these_o three_o hundred_o horse_n as_o absolute_o as_o he_o do_v any_o centuriate_a in_o the_o legion_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o with_o reason_n i_o aver_v that_o in_o the_o roman_a discipline_n the_o horse_n be_v constant_o command_v by_o officer_n of_o foot_n and_o peruse_v all_o the_o roman_a history_n you_o shall_v not_o find_v that_o ever_o any_o officer_n of_o horse_n pretend_v to_o the_o command_n of_o any_o of_o the_o foot_n with_o the_o roman_a infantry_n be_v entrust_v their_o balist_n catupult_n their_o batter_a ram_n their_o ambulatory_a town_n their_o bridge_n and_o all_o the_o material_n whereof_o these_o be_v compose_v now_o these_o be_v the_o artillery_n of_o the_o ancient_n with_o the_o roman_a infantry_n be_v entrust_v the_o treasurer_n and_o treasure_n of_o the_o army_n all_o provision_n for_o man_n and_o horse_n their_o altar_n and_o place_n of_o devotion_n and_o though_o the_o troop_n of_o horse_n have_v their_o petty_a standard_n and_o vexilla_fw-la yet_o the_o eagle_n which_o be_v mount_v on_o a_o long_a pole_n and_o be_v the_o great_a ensign_n of_o the_o legion_n be_v constant_o entrust_v to_o the_o keep_n of_o the_o first_o centurion_n who_o be_v a_o foot-officer_n with_o the_o foot_n the_o consul_n march_v lodge_v and_o fight_v all_o these_o be_v entrust_v to_o the_o roman_a foot_n and_o not_o to_o the_o horse_n show_v that_o these_o conqueror_n of_o the_o world_n esteem_v the_o foot-service_n more_o honourable_a than_o that_o of_o horse_n for_o still_o i_o say_v the_o more_o trust_v the_o more_o honour_n it_o be_v true_a the_o roman_a horseman_n be_v all_o elect_a of_o gentleman_n for_o so_o i_o interpret_v the_o equestris_n ordo_fw-la and_o therefore_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o they_o have_v a_o precedency_n at_o door_n and_o table_n before_o the_o legionary_a soldier_n who_o be_v all_o levy_v out_o of_o the_o commons_o but_o that_o give_v they_o no_o superiority_n or_o command_n over_o the_o foot_n which_o be_v the_o thing_n now_o pretend_v to_o nor_o will_v the_o roman_a discipline_n which_o order_v the_o horse_n to_o ride_v the_o round_n about_o the_o guard_n of_o foot_n as_o you_o have_v it_o in_o the_o twenty_o second_o chapter_n of_o the_o roman_a art_n of_o war_n entitle_v these_o horseman_n to_o any_o superiority_n or_o command_n over_o these_o guard_n of_o foot_n no_o more_o than_o a_o gentleman_n who_o be_v send_v to_o go_v a_o round_a with_o musqueteer_n to_o attend_v he_o will_v evince_v that_o he_o have_v the_o command_n of_o these_o guard_n or_o any_o centinel_n of_o they_o both_o the_o ancient_n and_o modern_a round_n be_v only_o oblige_v to_o give_v a_o account_n to_o those_o who_o send_v they_o in_o what_o posture_n they_o find_v the_o guard_n and_o sentinel_n yea_o these_o four_o roman_a horseman_n who_o be_v to_o ride_v the_o round_n be_v command_v to_o lie_v at_o the_o door_n of_o the_o hut_n or_o tent_n of_o a_o centurion_n of_o foot_n which_o i_o think_v denote_v their_o subjection_n to_o he_o thus_o i_o think_v it_o be_v clear_a that_o with_o these_o ancient_a roman_n to_o who_o arm_n and_o discipline_n of_o war_n most_o of_o the_o world_n pay_v homage_n the_o foot-service_n be_v more_o honourable_a than_o that_o on_o horseback_n to_o confirm_v this_o i_o hope_v it_o will_v be_v grant_v i_o that_o where_o the_o great_a danger_n be_v there_o be_v to_o be_v expect_v the_o great_a honour_n now_o very_o often_o the_o roman_a consul_n where_o they_o see_v the_o enemy_n prevail_v in_o battle_n they_o call_v the_o cavalry_n or_o a_o part_n of_o it_o thither_o but_o mistake_v it_o not_o it_o be_v not_o to_o fight_v on_o horseback_n but_o to_o make_v they_o alight_v from_o their_o horse_n and_o fight_v on_o foot_n with_o the_o legionary_n which_o encourage_v the_o foot_n when_o they_o see_v the_o horse_n can_v not_o ride_v from_o they_o and_o therefore_o since_o the_o danger_n be_v great_a to_o fight_v on_o foot_n than_o on_o horseback_n the_o roman_n think_v fight_v on_o foot_n more_o honourable_a than_o fight_v on_o horseback_n and_o consequent_o the_o foot-service_n more_o honourable_a than_o that_o of_o horseman_n julius_n caesar_n the_o great_a captain_n that_o ever_o be_v practise_v this_o in_o the_o great_a battle_n he_o ever_o fight_v which_o be_v against_o the_o helvetian_o now_o call_v swisser_n to_o show_v good_a example_n he_o alight_v first_o from_o his_o horse_n and_o then_o cause_v all_o his_o cavalry_n to_o alight_v and_o as_o himself_o tell_v we_o cause_v all_o the_o horse_n to_o be_v drive_v away_o a_o great_a way_n from_o that_o place_n of_o battle_n and_o so_o do_v several_a of_o the_o roman_a consul_n before_o he_o and_o i_o think_v you_o need_v not_o doubt_v but_o the_o horseman_n be_v on_o foot_n be_v marshal_v by_o the_o tribune_n as_o the_o foot_n be_v and_o so_o the_o decurion_n who_o be_v captain_n of_o horse_n receive_v their_o order_n from_o the_o centurion_n each_o whereof_o command_v sixty_o footman_n whereas_o the_o decurion_n have_v but_o the_o command_n of_o thirty_o so_o here_o we_o see_v officer_n of_o horse_n command_v by_o officer_n of_o foot_n but_o never_o the_o contrary_n i_o find_v ab●er_n joa●_n amasa_n fight_v still_o on_o foot_n and_o so_o do_v their_o master_n david_n king_n of_o israel_n so_o do_v saul_n before_o he_o and_o most_o of_o the_o king_n of_o judah_n and_o israel_n after_o he_o except_o some_o who_o fight_v on_o chariot_n to_o their_o small_a advantage_n but_o none_o fight_v on_o horseback_n i_o believe_v absalon_n fight_v on_o foot_n though_o after_o his_o rebellious_a army_n be_v rout_v he_o mount_v on_o a_o mule_n to_o carry_v he_o away_o with_o more_o haste_n than_o good_a speed_n many_o king_n in_o the_o modern_a war_n since_o gunpowder_n make_v a_o noise_n have_v fight_v on_o foot_n edward_n the_o four_o of_o england_n fight_v nine_o battle_n on_o foot_n our_o king_n of_o scotland_n do_v so_o frequent_o and_o if_o king_n james_n the_o four_o be_v kill_v at_o flowdon_n he_o be_v slay_v fight_v on_o foot_n and_o all_o these_o be_v prince_n who_o trace_v the_o path_n of_o honour_n and_o study_v both_o to_o show_v their_o own_o valour_n and_o to_o overcome_v their_o enemy_n which_o they_o conceive_v they_o do_v more_o proper_o on_o foot_n than_o on_o horseback_n since_o the_o best_a govern_a kingdom_n and_o state_n both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a have_v give_v the_o honour_n to_o the_o foot_n and_o not_o the_o horse_n by_o entrust_v they_o with_o their_o chief_a strength_n their_o treasure_n their_o artillery_n provision_n ammunition_n town_n castle_n and_o fortify_v place_n i_o can_v enough_o admire_v what_o new_a light_n the_o commander_n of_o horse_n of_o our_o time_n have_v get_v that_o can_v move_v they_o to_o demand_v a_o superiority_n over_o the_o officer_n of_o foot_n of_o equal_a quality_n with_o themselves_o if_o they_o say_v because_o they_o can_v be_v soon_o at_o a_o
where_o ordinary_o clock_n do_v not_o strike_v nor_o bell_n ring_n than_o the_o caporal_n be_v to_o have_v allowance_n of_o match_n which_o they_o call_v passelunt_a whereby_o they_o regulate_v passelunt_n passelunt_n themselves_o to_o relieve_v their_o sentinel_n when_o six_o seven_o eight_o or_o nine_o inch_n of_o it_o be_v burn_v in_o camp_n and_o garrison_n drummer_n be_v to_o beat_v taptoo_o at_o night_n and_o in_o the_o morning_n revallie_o this_o word_n zapzu_n or_o taptoo_n be_v high_a and_o and_o low_a dutch_a and_o taptoo_n taptoo_n signify_v no_o more_o drink_n to_o be_v tap_v or_o sell_v and_o be_v not_o as_o some_o fancy_n to_o advertise_v the_o guard_n to_o place_v their_o night_n sentinel_n but_o to_o acquaint_v sutler_n to_z sell_v no_o more_o drink_n and_o soldier_n to_o go_v home_o to_o their_o lodging_n and_o who_o be_v find_v out_o of_o their_o quarter_n after_o it_o aught_o to_o be_v punish_v it_o shall_v be_v ●eat_n constant_o at_o one_o hour_n summer_n and_o winter_n and_o ten_o a_o clock_n at_o night_n be_v a_o proper_a time_n for_o it_o but_o by-guard_n as_o they_o be_v call_v and_o night_n sentinel_n be_v to_o be_v put_v to_o their_o by-guard_n night_n sentinel_n and_o by-guard_n post_n when_o daylight_n be_v well_o near_o spend_v and_o this_o in_o winter_n will_v be_v about_o four_o and_o in_o summer_n about_o ten_o a_o clock_n at_o night_n neither_o ought_v the_o last_o night_n sentinel_n to_o leave_v their_o post_n till_o the_o diana_n or_o revallie_o beat_v which_o can_v be_v do_v at_o one_o constant_a hour_n as_o the_o taptoo_n for_o in_o winter_n it_o may_v be_v eight_o and_o in_o summer_n three_o or_o four_o in_o the_o morning_n and_o beat_v it_o shall_v not_o till_o the_o captain_n of_o the_o watch_n give_v order_n for_o it_o and_o he_o be_v not_o to_o take_v up_o his_o measure_n by_o daylight_n revallie_o diana_n travaille_n or_o revallie_o but_o by_o the_o clearness_n darkness_n or_o mistiness_n of_o the_o morning_n the_o night_n sentinel_n be_v to_o continue_v on_o their_o duty_n till_o they_o can_v discover_v all_o the_o field_n about_o they_o when_o by_o order_n of_o the_o colonel_n or_o captain_n of_o the_o watch_n the_o diana_n be_v beat_v at_o the_o head_n watch_n all_o the_o drummer_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o guard_n ought_v immediate_o to_o beat_v and_o then_o the_o night_n watch_v and_o sentinel_n come_v to_o their_o several_a guard_n it_o be_v then_o also_o that_o the_o soldier_n who_o have_v be_v in_o their_o quarter_n or_o hut_v all_o night_n and_o either_o townsman_n or_o country_n people_n who_o be_v order_v to_o work_v at_o the_o fortification_n either_o of_o town_n or_o camp_n be_v to_o go_v to_o their_o work_n and_o therefore_o this_o beat_n of_o the_o drum_n in_o the_o morning_n i_o think_v be_v more_o proper_o call_v travaille_n than_o revallie_o chap._n xxii_o of_o thing_n previous_a to_o a_o battle_n of_o a_o battle_n itself_o and_o of_o thing_n after_o a_o battle_n of_o all_o martial_a act_n to_o fight_v a_o battle_n well_o and_o gain_v the_o victory_n be_v of_o the_o high_a importance_n and_o make_v the_o prince_n or_o his_o general_n most_o renown_v it_o be_v this_o and_o neither_o retreat_n nor_o take_v town_n though_o both_o these_o show_v the_o qualification_n of_o a_o excellent_a captain_n that_o crown_v they_o with_o laurel_n by_o the_o win_n of_o battle_n sometime_o one_o sometime_o more_o kingdom_n be_v gain_v by_o one_o party_n and_o lose_v by_o another_o let_v we_o then_o take_v a_o view_n of_o those_o thing_n that_o shall_v be_v advert_v to_o before_o so_o great_a a_o hazard_n be_v make_v most_o man_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o he_o who_o have_v the_o conduct_n of_o a_o army_n shall_v never_o choose_v general_n shall_v not_o be_v force_v to_o fight_v if_o they_o can_v choose_v suffer_v himself_o to_o be_v force_v to_o fight_v i_o say_v so_o too_o if_o he_o can_v help_v it_o and_o what_o be_v the_o meaning_n of_o this_o but_o that_o his_o intelligence_n shall_v be_v so_o good_a that_o if_o he_o intend_v not_o to_o fight_v he_o shall_v either_o quick_o get_v himself_o out_o of_o the_o way_n or_o strong_o entrench_v his_o army_n in_o a_o place_n where_o he_o can_v want_v provision_n but_o when_o he_o have_v do_v either_o of_o the_o two_o he_o may_v be_v force_v to_o fight_v for_o who_o can_v save_v his_o army_n without_o fight_v if_o his_o enemy_n storm_v his_o retrenchment_n or_o in_o his_o retreat_n pursue_v he_o fierce_o and_o powerful_o to_o force_v a_o enemy_n to_o fight_v well_o to_o force_v a_o enemy_n to_o battle_n succeed_v sometime_o well_o have_v a_o doubtful_a event_n for_o many_o time_n it_o succeed_v well_o as_o it_o do_v with_o alexander_n at_o arbela_n against_o darius_n with_o scipio_n against_o hannibal_n at_o zama_n with_o his_o brother_n against_o antiochus_n in_o asia_n with_o charles_n the_o five_o against_o the_o king_n of_o france_n at_o pavia_n and_o gustavus_n his_o army_n against_o wallenstein_n at_o lutsen_n yet_o peruse_v history_n you_o will_v find_v that_o many_o more_o have_v lose_v than_o ever_o gain_v by_o it_o take_v a_o few_o instance_n edward_n the_o black_a prince_n be_v force_v to_o fight_v at_o poi●tiers_n so_o be_v henry_n the_o five_o of_o england_n at_o agincourt_n yet_o both_o gain_v glorious_a victory_n harold_n when_o he_o may_v have_v protract_v the_o war_n be_v master_n of_o all_o england_n force_v william_n of_o normandy_n to_o fight_v and_o thereby_o lose_v both_o his_o crown_n and_o his_o life_n edward_n the_o second_o of_o england_n force_v robert_n bruce_n ill_o sometime_o very_o ill_o king_n of_o scotland_n to_o fight_v at_o bannockburne_n but_o lose_v the_o honour_n of_o the_o day_n and_o most_o of_o his_o numerous_a army_n julius_n caesar_n make_v himself_o constant_o master_n of_o his_o own_o diet_n either_o by_o entrench_v or_o retire_v so_o that_o he_o be_v never_o force_v to_o fight_v but_o when_o he_o please_v but_o when_o he_o force_v pompey_n he_o try_v both_o fortune_n at_o dirrhachium_n he_o be_v beat_v off_o with_o loss_n and_o be_v glad_a to_o retire_v which_o indeed_o he_o do_v with_o admirable_a prudence_n and_o courage_n at_o pharsalia_n he_o brave_v the_o same_o pompey_n to_o battle_n which_o so_o soon_o as_o he_o accept_v caesar_n get_v the_o victory_n yet_o it_o seem_v most_o agreeable_a to_o reason_n that_o man_n shall_v fight_v well_o when_o they_o be_v force_v to_o fight_v despair_v whet_v their_o courage_n and_o for_o this_o reason_n many_o captain_n take_v away_o all_o mean_n of_o escape_n from_o their_o own_o army_n to_o make_v they_o sensible_a their_o safety_n be_v in_o their_o hand_n and_o not_o in_o their_o foot_n and_o withal_o they_o leave_v a_o open_a way_n for_o their_o enemy_n to_o run_v away_o and_o hence_o be_v the_o common_a maxim_n in_o war_n that_o a_o bridge_n of_o gold_n shall_v be_v make_v for_o a_o fly_a bridge_n a_o golden_a bridge_n enemy_n before_o a_o battle_n it_o be_v fit_a to_o view_v a_o enemy_n countenance_n and_o try_v his_o courage_n by_o frequent_a skirmish_n and_o these_o very_a oft_o each_o army_n send_v help_n to_o their_o own_o party_n draw_v on_o a_o battle_n insensible_o good_a intelligence_n if_o possible_a intelligence_n intelligence_n shall_v be_v have_v of_o his_o number_n of_o horse_n foot_n and_o artillery_n and_o in_o which_o of_o these_o his_o great_a strength_n lie_v but_o i_o will_v repeat_v nothing_o in_o this_o place_n of_o what_o i_o have_v say_v in_o my_o discourse_n of_o intelligence_n in_o the_o next_o place_n our_o general_n shall_v view_v if_o he_o have_v time_n and_o opportunity_n for_o it_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o field_n field_n situation_n of_o the_o field_n where_o both_o his_o own_o and_o his_o enemy_n army_n be_v to_o fight_v that_o according_o he_o may_v either_o lay_v ambush_n or_o shun_v they_o this_o be_v one_o of_o hannibal_n masterpiece_n he_o shall_v take_v notice_n how_o the_o wind_n blow_v that_o according_o by_o the_o wind._n the_o wind._n order_n his_o batallion_n he_o may_v take_v the_o advantage_n of_o it_o he_o shall_v cast_v up_o his_o account_n how_o the_o sun_n will_v shine_v if_o it_o be_v a_o fair_a day_n at_o such_o hour_n when_o he_o sun_n the_o sun_n conceive_v the_o fight_n will_v begin_v that_o thereby_o he_o may_v o●der_v his_o affair_n if_o his_o intelligence_n be_v good_a within_o his_o enemy_n army_n he_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o stir_v up_o jealousy_n division_n and_o dissension_n in_o it_o and_o in_o the_o time_n of_o these_o if_o his_o jealous_a to_o make_v a_o enemy_n jealous_a friend_n give_v he_o the_o sign_n fall_v upon_o he_o after_o his_o army_n be_v marshal_v if_o he_o have_v ti●e_a he_o shall_v ride_v along_o the_o front_n of_o all_o his_o brigade_n and_o by_o short_a
those_o who_o have_v article_n the_o first_o class_n we_o may_v sub-divide_a into_o those_o who_o have_v quarter_n verbal_o promise_v they_o and_o those_o who_o submit_v to_o the_o mercy_n of_o the_o victor_n of_o all_o these_o and_o each_o of_o these_o i_o shall_v say_v one_o word_n in_o general_a that_o though_o quarter_v be_v promise_v by_o inferior_a officer_n or_o soldier_n or_o that_o the_o vanquish_a hope_v for_o mercy_n yield_v without_o any_o such_o promise_n he_o who_o command_v in_o chief_a provide_v he_o be_v on_o the_o place_n may_v put_v all_o those_o prisoner_n to_o the_o sword_n for_o quarter_n give_v by_o the_o inferior_a signify_v nothing_o till_o it_o be_v confirm_v by_o he_o who_o command_v on_o the_o place_n and_o then_o the_o prisoner_n have_v quarter_n that_o chief_a commander_n may_v order_v they_o all_o to_o be_v kill_v without_o any_o imputation_n of_o breach_n of_o faith_n or_o justice_n as_o not_o be_v tie_v by_o any_o promise_n his_o inferior_a have_v make_v and_o this_o he_o may_v do_v by_o the_o law_n of_o war_n and_o that_o be_v ground_v on_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o nation_n and_o if_o you_o will_v believe_v cyrus_n and_o the_o ahtenians_n it_o be_v ground_v on_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n by_o which_o prisoner_n of_o war_n may_v be_v use_v as_o the_o victor_n please_v and_o grotius_n say_v in_o captivos_fw-la quicquam_fw-la impune_fw-la fieri_fw-la and_o captivi_fw-la jure_fw-la belli_n occidi_fw-la possunt_fw-la war._n what_o a_o general_n may_v do_v with_o prisoner_n of_o war._n suppose_v still_o that_o no_o quarter_n have_v be_v promise_v by_o he_o who_o command_v in_o chief_a on_o the_o place_n but_o though_o i_o say_v a_o general_n may_v do_v this_o by_o the_o law_n of_o war_n yet_o he_o can_v do_v it_o without_o the_o imputation_n of_o horrible_a cruelty_n and_o inhumanity_n except_o in_o some_o case_n and_o though_o jure_fw-la belli_n they_o may_v be_v kill_v yet_o without_o invincible_a reason_n to_o kill_v man_n in_o cold_a blood_n be_v not_o the_o part_n of_o a_o man_n for_o they_o cast_v up_o their_o account_n that_o the_o bitterness_n of_o death_n be_v past_a and_o therefore_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v put_v to_o death_n unless_o he_o who_o inflict_v it_o can_v produce_v as_o good_a a_o warrant_n for_o it_o as_o he_o can_v who_o hew_v the_o king_n of_o the_o amalekite_n in_o piece_n after_o saul_n have_v give_v he_o quarter_n the_o heathen_a tacitus_n can_v say_v trucidare_fw-la deditos_fw-la saevum_fw-la it_o be_v cruelty_n to_o kill_v those_o who_o submit_v yet_o you_o will_v blood_n cruelty_n to_o kill_v prisoner_n in_o cold_a blood_n see_v anon_o that_o christian_a prisoner_n of_o war_n have_v be_v put_v to_o death_n in_o cold_a blood_n by_o christian_a prince_n and_o general_n without_o any_o other_o authority_n for_o their_o so_o do_v than_o what_o the_o law_n of_o war_n give_v they_o but_o after_o quarter_n be_v confirm_v or_o grant_v by_o the_o general_n the_o question_n be_v whether_o upon_o the_o emergency_n of_o three_o several_a accident_n they_o may_v not_o be_v put_v to_o the_o sword_n the_o first_o be_v if_o a_o enemy_n rally_v after_o a_o battle_n be_v win_v and_o make_v case_n whether_o prisoner_n may_v not_o be_v kill_v after_o quarter_n give_v they_o by_o the_o general_n in_o three_o case_n or_o offer_v to_o make_v a_o fierce_a onset_n the_o victorious_a army_n not_o be_v so_o strong_a to_o oppose_v the_o charge_n and_o guard_v the_o prisoner_n from_o who_o also_o danger_n be_v to_o be_v expect_v this_o be_v henry_n the_o five_o of_o england_n case_n at_o agincourt_n where_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n 6000_o french_a prisoner_n by_o his_o order_n be_v in_o a_o instant_n put_v to_o the_o sword_n froissard_n passionate_o relate_v to_o we_o the_o sad_a fate_n of_o about_o one_o thousand_o french_a man_n who_o be_v take_v prisoner_n and_o have_v fair_a quarter_n give_v they_o by_o john_n king_n of_o portugal_n in_o a_o battle_n that_o he_o fight_v with_o one_o of_o his_o own_o name_n king_n of_o castille_n the_o story_n be_v brief_o this_o the_o king_n of_o castille_n have_v a_o just_a pretence_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o portugal_n to_o which_o in_o hatred_n of_o the_o castillan_n the_o portuguese_n have_v advance_v a_o bastard_n invade_v portugal_n with_o a_o great_a army_n in_o which_o be_v many_o french_a auxiliary_n the_o portuguese_n king_n be_v reinforce_v with_o a_o considerable_a number_n of_o english_a archer_n resolve_v to_o fight_v the_o french_a will_v needs_o have_v the_o point_n which_o be_v give_v they_o with_o much_o indignation_n by_o the_o castillan_n who_o lage_v behind_o they_o at_o a_o very_a great_a distance_n these_o french_a valiant_o fight_v be_v rout_v and_o most_o of_o the_o thousand_o i_o speak_v of_o be_v take_v thereafter_o the_o castillan_n advance_v with_o a_o resolution_n to_o fight_v the_o portuguese_n see_v he_o be_v to_o fight_v a_o new_a battle_n command_v under_o pain_n of_o death_n every_o man_n to_o kill_v his_o prisoner_n which_o be_v instant_o perform_v with_o much_o pity_n and_o compassion_n and_o not_o without_o the_o sad_a tear_n of_o those_o who_o massacre_v they_o the_o second_o case_n be_v when_o a_o army_n be_v retire_v and_o a_o powerful_a enemy_n fierce_o pursue_v it_o will_v be_v dangerous_a to_o leave_v your_o prisoner_n behind_o you_o and_o forward_o you_o can_v hardly_o bring_v they_o and_o the_o three_o be_v when_o you_o be_v reduce_v to_o great_a penury_n and_o want_n of_o meat_n whether_o you_o have_v not_o better_o kill_v your_o prisoner_n than_o let_v they_o starve_v for_o if_o you_o maintain_v they_o they_o insensible_o cut_v your_o throat_n by_o eat_v your_o bread_n all_o these_o three_o case_n grotius_n comprehend_v in_o these_o word_n si_fw-la captivorum_fw-la multitudo_fw-la oneri_fw-la aut_fw-la periculo_fw-la sit_fw-la if_o say_v he_o the_o multitude_n of_o your_o prisoner_n be_v dangerous_a or_o burdensome_a in_o these_o case_n he_o advise_v rather_o to_o dismiss_v they_o than_o kill_v they_o i_o think_v he_o speak_v like_o a_o good_a christian_a but_o i_o be_o afraid_a that_o they_o who_o lead_v army_n will_v think_v by_o such_o mercy_n they_o will_v prove_v cruel_a to_o themselves_o and_o treacherous_a to_o their_o prince_n and_o when_o in_o any_o of_o these_o case_n they_o be_v put_v to_o death_n often_o their_o number_n occasion_v their_o destruction_n which_o in_o other_o case_n the_o same_o g●otius_n will_v have_v to_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o their_o safety_n but_o the_o prince_n or_o general_n promise_n of_o fair_a quarter_n admit_v ●a_n salvo_fw-la for_o notorious_a give_v to_o who_o quarter_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v give_v thief_n robber_n murderer_n such_o as_o have_v desert_v their_o service_n and_o run_v over_o to_o the_o enemy_n or_o have_v break_v their_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v comprehend_v in_o this_o promise_n nor_o can_v it_o save_v they_o from_o the_o stroke_n of_o justice_n indeed_o if_o they_o get_v article_n sign_v for_o their_o life_n these_o article_n shall_v be_v religious_o observe_v for_o faith_n shall_v be_v keep_v to_o the_o worst_a of_o man_n neither_o can_v the_o promise_n of_o quarter_n secure_a rebel_n from_o that_o death_n rebellion_n deserve_v for_o nothing_o can_v save_v they_o but_o the_o mercy_n of_o the_o sovereign_a prince_n or_o state_n against_o who_o the_o crime_n be_v commit_v yet_o my_o humble_a opinion_n shall_v be_v that_o when_o rebel_n what_o to_o be_v do_v with_o rebel_n rebellion_n be_v come_v to_o that_o growth_n that_o she_o be_v not_o ashamed_a to_o take_v her_o mask_n off_o and_o that_o the_o success_n of_o rebel_n have_v clothe_v they_o with_o usurp_a authority_n prince_n and_o state_n shall_v rather_o suffer_v quarter_n though_o without_o article_n to_o be_v keep_v to_o those_o of_o they_o who_o be_v take_v prisoner_n than_o provoke_v they_o to_o shed_v the_o blood_n of_o loyal_a person_n on_o scaffold_n as_o have_v be_v do_v too_o oft_o for_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v doubt_v but_o rebel_n will_v both_o by_o their_o paper_n and_o leaden_a bullet_n vindicate_v themselves_o and_o maintain_v their_o authority_n to_o be_v lawful_a and_o roar_v out_o these_o distinction_n which_o yet_o make_v our_o ear_n tingle_v of_o the_o prince_n his_o virtual_a and_o personal_a power_n of_o his_o legal_a and_o personal_a capacity_n have_v tell_v you_o who_o have_v power_n to_o give_v quarter_n and_o have_v speak_v of_o discretion_n prisoner_n who_o yield_v on_o discretion_n prisoner_n who_o yield_v upon_o promise_n of_o quarter_n let_v we_o speak_v next_o of_o those_o who_o submit_v to_o the_o victor_n discretion_n and_o have_v no_o promise_n of_o quarter_n who_o certain_o may_v be_v put_v to_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o sword_n without_o any_o imputation_n of_o breach_n of_o faith_n or_o promise_n yet_o not_o without_o the_o
every_o one_o what_o the_o eternal_a have_v ordain_v for_o they_o nor_o do_v polybius_n know_v what_o be_v reveal_v to_o nabuchadnezzar_n in_o that_o dream_n which_o daniel_n interpret_v to_o he_o that_o the_o persian_n 2._o daniel_n ch._n 2._o shall_v subdue_v the_o assyrian_n the_o grecian_n shall_v ruin_v the_o persian_n and_o the_o roman_n shall_v put_v a_o period_n to_o the_o macedonian_a monarchy_n there_o be_v no_o stop_n to_o be_v make_v to_o the_o current_n of_o the_o victory_n of_o the_o roman_n who_o the_o almighty_a have_v preordain_v to_o become_v master_n of_o the_o world_n that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o all-ruling_a providence_n be_v not_o unknown_a to_o the_o wise_a heathen_n though_o they_o be_v in_o a_o mist_n do_v not_o see_v with_o so_o clear_a eye_n as_o we_o who_o be_v illuminate_v by_o the_o bright_a ray_n of_o god_n own_o word_n and_o for_o all_o that_o i_o think_v few_o divine_n can_v express_v in_o few_o word_n the_o omnipotency_n and_o unbounded_a power_n of_o the_o most_o high_a than_o a_o pagan_a poet_n do_v when_o he_o write_v sic_fw-la ait_fw-la immensa_fw-la est_fw-la finemque_fw-la potentia_fw-la coeli_fw-la met._n ovid_n met._n non_fw-la habet_fw-la &_o quicquid_fw-la superi_fw-la voluere_fw-la peractum_fw-la est_fw-la heaven_n power_n have_v no_o limit_n hence_o we_o see_v all_o do_v infallible_o what_o god_n decree_v if_o polybius_n have_v live_v in_o our_o day_n he_o may_v have_v see_v the_o hand_n of_o heaven_n distribute_v victory_n to_o speak_v with_o reverence_n and_o submission_n to_o the_o almighty_n pleasure_n more_o partial_o than_o he_o either_o hear_v it_o be_v award_v in_o the_o hannibalian_a or_o see_v it_o give_v in_o the_o three_o punic_a war_n of_o the_o first_o whereof_o he_o write_v when_o he_o fall_v upon_o this_o discourse_n with_o we_o he_o may_v have_v see_v man_n of_o one_o nation_n arm_v alike_o follow_v one_o and_o the_o same_o method_n of_o war_n and_o for_o any_o thing_n i_o know_v of_o equal_a courage_n both_o party_n inflame_v the_o one_o with_o loyal_a zeal_n the_o other_o with_o rebellious_a rage_n act_v their_o part_n very_o high_o on_o the_o bloody_a stage_n of_o war_n he_o may_v have_v see_v i_o say_v the_o best_a of_o sovereign_a king_n first_o king_n charles_n the_o first_o lose_v his_o crown_n and_o life_n and_o have_v his_o head_n chop_v off_o with_o a_o axe_n when_o the_o worst_a of_o subject_n and_o great_a of_o rebel_n have_v his_o deck_a with_o bay_n or_o if_o polybius_n have_v live_v but_o one_o age_n long_o than_o he_o do_v he_o may_v have_v see_v the_o roman_a legion_n which_o he_o so_o much_o commend_v cut_v one_o another_o throat_n all_o countryman_n all_o man_n of_o equal_a courage_n and_o conduct_n arm_v alike_o use_v one_o and_o the_o same_o art_n and_o discipline_n of_o war_n embrue_v their_o hand_n in_o one_o another_o blood_n and_o those_o who_o fight_v for_o the_o state_n and_o liberty_n of_o their_o country_n overthrow_v kill_v murder_a and_o massacre_v and_o their_o enemy_n almost_o adore_v for_o their_o success_n in_o a_o bad_a cause_n and_o he_o may_v have_v either_o see_v or_o hear_v of_o pompey_n head_n ignominious_o strike_v off_o and_o caesar_n crown_v pompey_n caesar_n and_o pompey_n with_o laurel_n and_o if_o polybius_n have_v be_v a_o eye-witness_n of_o the_o prodigious_a success_n gustavus_n adolphus_n the_o great_a king_n of_o sweden_n have_v in_o germany_n in_o the_o year_n 1630._o when_o he_o invade_v the_o roman_a empire_n and_o how_o he_o take_v city_n fort_n and_o castle_n more_o second_o emperor_n ferdinand_n the_o second_o for_o their_o number_n and_o more_o considerable_a for_o their_o strength_n beauty_n and_o riches_n in_o the_o space_n of_o six_o month_n and_o make_v a_o great_a progress_n in_o his_o conquest_n in_o less_o than_o two_o year_n time_n than_o hannibal_n do_v in_o italy_n the_o whole_a eighteen_o year_n he_o stay_v in_o it_o if_o i_o say_v he_o have_v see_v this_o he_o have_v never_o attribute_v victory_n to_o the_o goodness_n of_o arm_n the_o cunning_a of_o the_o art_n or_o exactness_n of_o the_o discipline_n of_o war_n for_o he_o will_v have_v see_v the_o emperor_n ferdinand_n the_o second_o general_n wise_a general_n and_o his_o general_n courageous_a experience_a vigilant_a as_o well_o and_o as_o much_o as_o either_o the_o king_n himself_o or_o any_o of_o his_o great_a captain_n beside_o both_o wallenstein_n duke_n of_o friedland_n and_o count_n tili_n have_v that_o which_o polybius_n himself_o require_v in_o a_o general_n that_o be_v they_o be_v fortunate_a their_o great_a victory_n over_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n and_o denmark_n bethlem_n gabor_n the_o duke_n of_o brunswick_n the_o marquess_n of_o baden_n and_o durlach_n and_o the_o famous_a earl_n of_o mansfield_n be_v yet_o fresh_a in_o memory_n and_o if_o polybius_n have_v see_v any_o disparity_n of_o arm_n or_o armour_n or_o of_o horse_n either_o for_o their_o number_n or_o their_o goodness_n in_o this_o german_a war_n he_o have_v see_v the_o emperor_n army_n have_v the_o odds_o by_o much_o neither_o be_v the_o difference_n of_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o war_n or_o ratio_fw-la belli_n so_o considerable_a as_o to_o cast_v the_o scale_n so_o far_o as_o that_o martial_a king_n do_v in_o so_o short_a a_o time_n nor_o be_v hannibal_n descent_n into_o italy_n with_o few_o more_o than_o twenty_o thousand_o man_n more_o hazardous_a than_o the_o king_n land_v in_o germany_n with_o eight_o or_o ten_o thousand_o at_o most_o be_v just_o think_v to_o be_v what_o be_v it_o then_o will_v polybius_n have_v say_v that_o carry_v victory_n who_o wing_n ferdinand_n general_n and_o army_n think_v they_o have_v clip_v over_o to_o the_o sweed_n what_o else_o but_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o almighty_a who_o when_o that_o emperor_n be_v very_o fair_a to_o have_v reduce_v germany_n to_o a_o absolute_a monarchy_n say_v to_o he_o and_o the_o whole_a house_n of_o austria_n non_fw-la plus_fw-la ultra_fw-la go_v no_o further_o titus_n livius_n have_v read_v without_o all_o question_n this_o comparison_n of_o polybius_n livius_n another_o comparison_n of_o titus_n livius_n whereof_o i_o have_v speak_v enough_o and_o it_o may_v be_v have_v take_v from_o it_o a_o hint_n to_o start_v another_o question_n which_o be_v this_o if_o the_o great_a alexander_n after_o his_o return_n from_o india_n and_o his_o subdue_a so_o many_o nation_n in_o little_a more_o than_o ten_o year_n time_n have_v make_v a_o step_n over_o to_o italy_n what_o the_o issue_n of_o the_o war_n between_o he_o himself_o void_v by_o himself_o and_o the_o roman_n will_v have_v be_v and_o give_v his_o sentence_n that_o infallible_o his_o country_n man_n will_v have_v beat_v that_o great_a conqueror_n paola_n paruta_n a_o livius_n paruta_n not_o satisfy_v with_o livius_n noble_a venetian_a and_o a_o procurator_n of_o st._n mark_n refute_v livius_n his_o argument_n and_o conclude_v that_o the_o macedonian_a will_v have_v overmastered_a the_o roman_n but_o in_o step_n a_o three_o a_o author_n of_o no_o small_a reputation_n the_o renown_a sir_n walter_n raleigh_n raleigh_n nor_o sir_n walter_n raleigh_n who_o will_v give_v the_o prize_n to_o neither_o macedonian_a nor_o roman_a but_o to_o his_o own_o english_a it_o will_v not_o be_v deny_v but_o the_o english_a nation_n do_v admirable_a feat_n in_o france_n which_o be_v indeed_o the_o stage_n on_o which_o caesar_n act_v his_o most_o martial_a exploit_n under_o edward_n the_o three_o king_n of_o england_n and_o his_o son_n the_o black_a prince_n as_o also_o under_o henry_n the_o five_o while_o he_o live_v and_o after_o his_o death_n under_o his_o valiant_a brother_n but_o paruta_n refute_v livius_n yet_o i_o have_v see_v none_o that_o oppose_v sir_n walter_n and_o i_o be_o sure_a i_o shall_v not_o because_o i_o be_o not_o so_o much_o behold_v to_o the_o grecian_n and_o roman_n as_o to_o the_o english_a but_o those_o who_o be_v curious_a to_o read_v the_o reason_n of_o all_o the_o three_o may_v find_v those_o of_o livy_n in_o his_o nine_o book_n of_o his_o first_o decad_n those_o of_o paruta_n in_o the_o second_o chapter_n of_o his_o political_a discourse_n and_o those_o of_o raleigh_n in_o the_o first_o chapter_n of_o the_o five_o book_n of_o the_o first_o part_n of_o his_o history_n of_o the_o world_n but_o to_o return_v to_o livy_n question_n i_o shall_v tell_v my_o opinion_n and_o that_o be_v lawful_a opinion_n strong_a presumption_n against_o livius_n his_o opinion_n enough_o for_o i_o to_o do_v and_o it_o be_v this_o since_o hannibal_n as_o polybius_n confess_v carry_v not_o much_o above_o twenty_o thousand_o man_n over_o the_o alps_o of_o all_o that_o great_a army_n that_o he_o bring_v out_o of_o spain_n and_o with_o they_o dare_v invade_v the_o roman_a seignory_n in_o italy_n itself_o when_o rome_n be_v mistress_n of_o sicily_n and_o
when_o he_o come_v to_o have_v a_o petty_a army_n under_o his_o own_o peculiar_a command_n all_o go_v well_o with_o he_o and_o as_o he_o be_v advance_v to_o high_a employment_n fortune_n attend_v he_o more_o and_o more_o so_o that_o he_o be_v esteem_v to_o be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o successful_a general_n queen_n christina_n of_o sweden_n have_v but_o observe_v the_o change_n when_o he_o come_v to_o serve_v the_o late_a king_n of_o sweden_n in_o his_o war_n against_o pole_n this_o koningsmark_n be_v pitiful_o take_v at_o sea_n by_o the_o dantzicker_n and_o keep_v prisoner_n till_o the_o peace_n be_v make_v it_o have_v indeed_o be_v observe_v of_o some_o that_o they_o have_v lose_v all_o the_o battle_n that_o ever_o they_o fight_v as_o if_o some_o inexorable_a destiny_n have_v constant_o fortunate_a some_o never_o fortunate_a attend_v their_o person_n how_o brave_a and_o accomplish_a soever_o they_o be_v they_o say_v never_o battle_n be_v win_v for_o henry_n the_o six_o of_o england_n when_o he_o be_v england_n henry_n the_o six_o of_o england_n personal_o present_a but_o several_a be_v when_o he_o be_v absent_a there_o be_v one_o of_o our_o earl_n of_o douglas_n who_o have_v the_o nickname_n of_o tinefield_n or_o loose-battel_n a_o courageous_a person_n and_o well_o experience_v in_o the_o manage_n of_o the_o war_n of_o those_o douglas_n one_o of_o the_o earl_n of_o douglas_n time_n and_o though_o he_o want_v no_o qualification_n of_o a_o good_a captain_n yet_o lose_v he_o all_o the_o battle_n that_o ever_o he_o fight_v and_o this_o ill_a fortune_n attend_v he_o when_o he_o join_v with_o piercy_n in_o his_o rebellion_n against_o henry_n the_o four_o king_n of_o england_n for_o that_o battle_n be_v lose_v wherein_o he_o think_v he_o have_v kill_v three_o or_o four_o king_n and_o he_o himself_o be_v take_v prisoner_n the_o same_o rigid_a fate_n attend_v he_o over_o to_o france_n where_o fight_v at_o vernouville_n against_o the_o duke_n of_o bedford_n he_o lose_v both_o the_o battle_n and_o his_o life_n there_o be_v another_o extravagant_a opinion_n that_o it_o be_v good_a for_o a_o general_n to_o be_v once_o beat_v that_o he_o may_v thereafter_o shun_v those_o error_n which_o occasion_v his_o overthrow_n opinion_n a_o odd_a opinion_n but_o the_o escape_n neglect_n and_o mistake_v in_o the_o time_n of_o action_n be_v so_o many_o that_o if_o a_o general_n do_v not_o endeavour_v to_o prevent_v they_o till_o by_o every_o one_o of_o they_o he_o lose_v a_o battle_n conflict_n or_o rencounter_n he_o shall_v never_o win_v a_o field_n in_o his_o life_n a_o great_a deal_n better_o it_o be_v say_v monluc_n for_o a_o captain_n to_o be_v wise_a by_o the_o loss_n of_o other_o man_n than_o by_o his_o own_o and_o by_o the_o neglect_n of_o other_o who_o thereby_o have_v shipwrack_v themselves_o to_o steer_v his_o course_n so_o that_o he_o split_v not_o upon_o that_o same_o rock_n many_o there_o be_v who_o fancy_n the_o safety_n of_o a_o army_n to_o be_v wrap_v up_o in_o the_o safety_n of_o he_o who_o command_v it_o and_o therefore_o will_v not_o have_v he_o to_o hazard_v his_o per●on_n but_o a_o distinction_n must_v be_v allow_v here_o for_o if_o the_o prince_n or_o monarch_n be_v in_o person_n at_o the_o medley_n when_o he_o expose_v himself_o to_o danger_n he_o hazard_v more_o than_o his_o army_n for_o he_o hazard_v the_o state_n and_o commonwealth_n yet_o many_o prince_n have_v do_v it_o cyrus_n the_o great_a alexander_n caesar_n henry_n the_o five_o of_o england_n and_z henry_n the_o four_o of_o france_n charles_n gustavus_n the_o late_a king_n of_o sweden_n all_o of_o they_o successful_o and_o his_o majesty_n now_o reign_v magnanimous_o a●_n worc●ster_n but_o indeed_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v do_v by_o they_o but_o in_o extreme_a necessity_n but_o when_o we_o speak_v of_o any_o other_o general_n except_o sovereign_a prince_n whatever_o ●ame_n they_o bear_v i_o say_v he_o who_o will_v not_o have_v they_o to_o hazard_v their_o person_n rob_v the●_n person_n general_n shall_v hazard_v their_o person_n of_o one_o of_o the_o most_o essential_a quality_n of_o their_o office_n and_o that_o be_v courage_n if_o a_o great_a captain_n be_v never_o so_o prudent_a never_o so_o know_v in_o the_o military_a art_n n●ver_o so_o vigilant_a never_o so_o industrious_a if_o he_o be_v not_o stout_a all_o the_o rest_n be_v worth_a nothing_o nor_o do_v i_o mean_v for_o all_o that_o that_o he_o shall_v he_o rash_a there_o be_v a_o difference_n between_o stare_v and_o stark_o mad_a he_o shall_v not_o hazard_v his_o person_n but_o where_o his_o presence_n be_v necessary_a as_o when_o he_o see_v or_o understand_v that_o in_o time_n of_o battle_n the_o enemy_n be_v prevail_v against_o such_o a_o part_n of_o his_o army_n thither_o he_o shall_v run_v for_o his_o presence_n may_v restore_v the_o fight_n as_o have_v be_v see_v a_o thousand_o time_n and_o it_o be_v occasion_n in_o several_a occasion_n certain_a that_o in_o time_n of_o action_n hardiness_n be_v more_o necessary_a than_o prudence_n neither_o be_v it_o enough_o for_o he_o in_o time_n of_o battle_n to_o hazard_v himself_o but_o he_o must_v do_v it_o also_o in_o view_v those_o fort_n and_o town_n which_o he_o be_v to_o besiege_v or_o the_o ground_n where_o he_o be_v either_o to_o fight_v or_o encamp_v yet_o he_o ought_v to_o be_v so_o well_o guard_v that_o he_o may_v not_o be_v surprise_v by_o any_o sudden_a eruption_n or_o the_o ambush_n of_o a_o enemy_n as_o the_o roman_a consul_n marcellus_n and_o claudius_n be_v by_o one_o of_o hannibal_n nor_o must_v a_o general_n courage_n stop_v here_o for_o where_o he_o find_v his_o advantage_n fear_v the_o weaken_n of_o his_o own_o or_o the_o strengthen_n of_o his_o enemy_n force_n he_o shall_v not_o only_o hazard_v but_o shall_v dare_v the_o enemy_n to_o battle_n and_o fight_v it_o bold_o for_o occasion_n be_v so_o disdainful_a and_o nice_a that_o if_o you_o do_v not_o court_v she_o when_o she_o offer_v calva_fw-la front_n capillata_fw-la est_fw-la pos●ha●_n occasi●_n calva_fw-la herself_o you_o will_v hardly_o ever_o find_v she_o in_o so_o good_a a_o humour_n again_o let_v it_o not_o be_v say_v that_o a_o general_n may_v be_v courageous_a and_o yet_o not_o hazard_v himself_o he_o must_v show_v his_o courage_n sometime_o yea_o many_o time_n it_o be_v good_a for_o he_o to_o be_v cautious_a but_o he_o must_v be_v adventurous_a too_o and_o if_o he_o be_v not_o this_o he_o may_v happy_o preserve_v what_o he_o have_v gain_v but_o can_v probable_o make_v any_o considerable_a new_a conquest_n and_o it_o be_v upon_o such_o a_o subject_n that_o monluc_n say_v vn_fw-fr chef_fw-fr qui_fw-fr craint_n ne_fw-fr fera_fw-fr rien_fw-fr de_fw-fr bon_fw-fr a_o chieftain_n who_o fear_n will_v never_o do_v good_a but_o i_o think_v i_o hear_v some_o say_v that_o a_o general_n shall_v hazard_v his_o person_n lest_o of_o all_o in_o battle_n because_o if_o he_o fall_v the_o rout_n of_o the_o army_n immediate_o follow_v i_o battle_n general_n shall_v hazard_v themselves_o ●●_o battle_n grant_v it_o have_v sometime_o fall_v out_o so_o but_o that_o must_v not_o make_v a_o general_a rule_n for_o as_o the_o safety_n of_o a_o army_n consist_v not_o in_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o general_n so_o the_o loss_n of_o a_o army_n follow_v not_o necessary_o the_o loss_n of_o a_o general_n many_o brave_a general_n and_o captain_n when_o their_o army_n be_v irrecoverable_o rout_v in_o the_o field_n be_v force_v to_o fly_v and_o so_o preserve_v themselves_o to_o better_a fortune_n so_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n many_o army_n have_v be_v save_v and_o have_v gain_v the_o day_n after_o their_o general_n have_v either_o flee_v out_o of_o the_o field_n or_o be_v kill_v in_o it_o at_o a_o battle_n fight_v with_o the_o imperialist_n army_n loss_n of_o a_o general_n do_v not_o lose_v a_o army_n in_o the_o year_n 1638_o paltsgrave_n birkifeld_n flee_v with_o most_o of_o his_o general_a person_n yet_o his_o army_n gain_v the_o victory_n and_o in_o our_o own_o day_n the_o general_n of_o three_o army_n join_v at_o that_o time_n all_o in_o one_o flee_v before_o the_o battle_n be_v half_o fight_v yet_o the_o mishap_n be_v that_o the_o general_n who_o fight_v against_o they_o and_o brave_o keep_v the_o field_n lose_v the_o honour_n of_o the_o day_n titus_n livius_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o two_o decii_n father_n and_o son_n both_o consul_n in_o two_o several_a battle_n which_o the_o roman_n fight_v with_o their_o neighbour_n in_o italy_n when_o they_o see_v their_o own_o man_n begin_v to_o fly_v consecrate_v and_o devote_a themselves_o and_o their_o prevail_a enemy_n to_o mother_n tellus_n and_o all_o the_o infernal_a spirit_n with_o all_o the_o hellish_a rite_n of_o that_o heathen_a action_n describe_v at_o length_n by_o livy_n