above all others be distinguish'd for their extraordinary Sanctity presume to affirm gives not only great scandal to others but to some worthy Persons also of that Communion wondering that the Bishops and Clergy who are set to be the continual Protectors and Guardians of those Boundaries which are plac'd to separate that which is due to God alone from that of Caesars should suffer such Bold and Impious Theses to escape the Spunge and Index so worthily perstring'd by * La Morau de Tacite de la Flater Paris 1686. Monsieur Amelot in his learned Treatise of Flatterers upon the Morals of Tacitus to which I refer the Reader But so as one well observes the Great Alexander by his Adulators was made at last to believe not only to be himself a God but that he had power to make Hephestion a God also so True is that Nil est quod credere de se Non possit Iuven. Sat. IV. cum laudatur Diis aequa potestas Once equal Men to Gods there 's nothing they Refuse to credit Flatterers can say But of this Pagan and Slavish Adulation of Princes see copious Instances in Casaubon's Animadver in Athenaeum lib. vi c. c. 14 15 c. In the mean time let not yet the ill use which two or three Prodigies of Men and their Parasites have made of them for we read but of few exceeding that number even amongst the Domitians and Pagan Emperors who prevented those venerable Monuments of the bravest Actions and were therefore noted with Infamy had their Statues broken their Medals call'd in and Effigies defac'd I say let them not discourage us from Imitating those Illustrious Princes and States who have modestly deliver'd to us many brave and profitable Notices by their Medals which had else utterly and perhaps irrecoverably been lost to the Learned World For so the Lives and worthy Memories of several Great Emperors are left and transmitted to us as those of Iulius Augustus Vespasian Titus Nerva Trajan Antoninus M. Aurelius Septimus Severus c. with innumerable Rare and Remarkable Things and Passages of their Reigns by the Study and Industry of many learned Authors upon this Subject Since then the greatest Nations for Renown and Virtue have been thus celebrated and incited to brave and glorious Actions by having the Memories of them among other lasting Monuments and Records thus consign'd It would raise Pity with just Indignation to find a Kingdom so fertile of Gallant and Illustrious Persons so poorly furnished to shew by any accomplish'd History or Series hitherto extant what has been done and atchiev'd by Ancestors truly Great and permit me to add worthy the Consideration in Medal and whose Effigies alone were desirable for their Virtues equalling many of them to the most Celebrated of the Antients and deserving the stamp of the most precious and lasting Metals I grieve to find so very few Medals of this kind among us in an Age so polite and knowing during all the Changes Revolutions and signal Events either of this or foreign Countries where we have been concern'd in Voyages and Discoveries Conquests Colonies and Plantations So many prodigious Fights and Conflicts at Land and Sea wherein those Heroes have signaliz'd themselves comparably with any which former Ages can produce For what People of the Universe can boast of greater Men for Arms and Arts But to name them and yet neglect them would be more to our Reproach For besides some Coronation-Pieces and Medals stamp'd on the Births or Nuptials of two or three late Princes c. We have 'till Charles the First of Blessed Memory almost nothing to shew which can well pretend to Medal 'T is true speaking of the Barbarous Ages we have summarily mention'd what British Saxon and other later Coins remain among our Modern Collections genuine and of good Antiquity as to this Island exceedingly well engraven in Mr. Speed's Chronicle from the Coins themselves collected by Sir Robert Cotton and now augmented and improv'd in the new Edition of Camden without Reverse Shield or Inscription besides perchance a rude Cross Name of a King and sometimes of the Mint with that vulgar Sentence Dieu mon Droit in use 'till King Iames the First and the Union with Scotland made some little alteration none of which are to be look'd upon or consider'd as Medals but as Money only My worthy and learned Friend * Nat. Hist. cap. X. Dr. Plot tells us of a Coin or Token rather bearing the Head of Edward Confessor somewhere found in his Perambulation of Oxfordshire which by an hole or appendant Ring he conjectures to have been given to wear about the Necks of such as had been touch'd for the King's-Evil that Religious Prince being it seems the first who had the Charisma and Sanative Gift derived to his Successors Kings of England But this tho' for its Antiquity and as it related to that particular Effect it deserv'd our Notice yet is it neither to be reckon'd amongst our Medals as having neither Legend nor Reverse To commence then with the very first and earliest that it has been my hap to see of Historical and which may pass for Medal A Golden Royal of Edward the Third represents him standing compleatly Arm'd in the middle of a Ship at Sea holding a Sword in his right hand the Shield with the Arms of England and France in his left The Royal Standard arbour'd and displaid at the Stern c. Justifying as well his Title to the Dominion of the Sea as Soveraignty of France This Medal for so I call it tho' it also pass for Money being purely Historical appears to have been struck about the time of the Treaty of Peace between that glorious Monarch and King Iohn of France in behalf of themselves and their eldest Sons namely Edward the Black Prince and Charles Duke of Normandy the French King being Prisoner This Treaty dated the 8th of May An. 1360. near Chartres in Britany was confirm'd at Calais in Picardy whereupon Hostages were given us by the French King who was himself obliged to come in Person and pay the Ransom we have formerly made mention of The Medal follows Medal 1. EDWâ—RD DI. GRâ— REX â—NGL Z FRâ—N DNS IB Reverse A Rose whence also call'd the Rose Noble with many Rays extending to four Lions passant over them a Ducal Coronet and as many Flour de Lyes in a Compartment of eight Goderoons Inscrib'd 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Which some Interpret Enigmatically of the Secret of the famous Elixir by which the Gold was made Others for an Amulet superstitiously applying the Words of the Gospel which tender'd the Wearer thereof Invulnerable But this Remark is obvious that we find no such Pretence by any Authentic Medal or Claim of the French Kings or of any other Potentate That Stamp in the late Wapen or Arms of Zeland being nothing to this purpose as Importing only the Situation of those few Islands concerning which and of all that is said
for any other great Persons in this Queens Reign than which none since it was a Nation had greater and wiser men managing Publick Affairs I find one onely Medal with the Arms of Sackvil within the Garter c. Superscribed T. SACKVIL B. D. BUCH Ang. Thes. Eq. Aurat Reverse There was another of R. Cecil Ld. Treas also with a Reverse of his Arms only a Lyon SEMPER FIDELIS 1602. in which Year that most Renowned Queen departed this Life and made room for her Successor King Iames I. The first Monarch of Great Britain whom we behold in his Imperial Robes Ihrone and Titles JACOBVS D. G. MAG BRIT FRAN. ET HIB REX Reverse the Arms of Great Britain placed in the middle of a large Rose just like to that we described already of Q. Mary and with the same Inscription which I therefore omit it was coin'd in Gold only and sometimes though rarely receiv'd as Money Another in Silver XVIII the King's Effigies depicted in a narrow taling Band a Laurel about his Head Bust Arm'd JAC. I. BRIT CAE AVG. HAE CAESARVM CAE D. D. Reverse a Lyon Rampant Crown'd holding a Beacon on fire in his Paw a Wheat-sheaf in his left ECCE PHAOS POPVLIQ SALVS This Medal is said by Scaliger to have been scattered as a Largess at his Coronation Scaligerandâ— but was afterwards it seems call'd in and re-coin'd whether for the Caesar Caesarum which that Critic a little ridicules or for what other Cause I pretend not to judge XIX Effigies JACOBVS DG MAG BRIT FRAN. ET HIBâ— REX Reverse HENRICVS ROSAS JACOBVS REGNA alluding to the Union of the two Houses of York and Lancaster represented by the Red and White Rose on which Iohn Owen bestows a Witty Epigram Lib. 3. Effigies JAC. I. TOTIVS INS BRIT IMP. ET FRANC. ET HIB REX Reverse The Kings Arms Crown'd JVGI CONCORDIA FLORENT Another in Silver XXI The King on Horseback JACOBVS SEXTVS REX SCOTORVM Reverse a Hand from Heaven holding a Sword pointing up to a Crown with that Worthy Saying of the Emperour Trajan delivering a Sword to the Pretor PER. ME. SI MEREOR IN. ME. But this I suppose must have been struck in Scotland as perhaps might that which follows being the only Medal I have seen of that Hopeful and Beloved Prince Henry XXII Effigies in full-Face Arm'd to the Bust. HENRICVS PRINCEPS Reverse his Arms with the Label and Coronet over it Beams out of the Clouds FAX MENTIS HONESTAE GLORIA agreeable to his Magnanimous and Princely Mind XXIII This Medal of his Mother Queen Ann for the Elegancy of the Dress and that it is Rare c. ANNA D. G. REGINA MAG BRIT FR. ET HIB FILIA ET SOROR REGV DANIAE Reverse the Arms of Denmark with two Scutcheons of Pretence under a Coronet About the Circle ASTVTIA FALLAX TVTIOR INNOCENTIA XIV CHARLES the First His Effigies Crown'd Vested in the Garter Robes Collar and Ruff. CAROLVS I. D. G. MAG BRITAN FRAN. ET HIB REX Reverse An Arm out of the Clouds arm'd and holding a Sword DONEC PAX REDDITA TERRIS Exurge CORON 2. FEB 1626. Being for ought I have seen the onely Inauguration-Medal XXV The King's Effigies as in the former CAROLVS I. DG ANG SCOT FRAN. ET HIB REX FIDEI DEFâ— Reverse The Atchievement or Arms of his Kingdoms in the same Escutcheon In another joyn'd to it the Arms of France Crowned between the Points or Base of the Shield the Queen's Cypher Crown'd HENER MAR. BORBON D. G. MAG BRIT FRAN. ET HIB REG. XXVI The King in his Ruff George in a Ribbon about his Neck looking on the Queen drest in her Hair curl'd up short with something like a knot of Ribbons on the top about her shoulders a Band or Gorget plaited and standing up spred like a Fan a Necklace of Pearl another rope of Pearl above hanging down before her Breast Clouds and a Glory over their heads CH. MAG ET HEN. MA. BRIT REX ET REG. Reverse Cupid strewing Flowers Roses and Lilies Clouds and Rays above Exurge 1625. About the Circle FVNDIT AMOR. LILIA MIXTA ROSIS This appears to have been a Nuptial Medal There is yet one more struck three Years after which since by the Date it might perhaps have been upon Occasion of an Expedition for the relief of Rochel I here subjoin XXVII Effigies K. Charles I. in complete Armor on Horseback much like our fairest Half-Crown Pieces of his Reign the Inscription alter'd O. REX DA. FACILEM CVRSVM Reverse The Arms of England Scotland France and Ireland within an Oval Shield crown'd the Year of our Lord 1628. About the Circle ATQVE AVDACIBVS ANNVE COEPTIS upon a second Attempt to have reliev'd that City fatal to the Great Duke of Buckingham To this I subjoin another small Medal XXVIII The King Bust bare-headed in his Ruff. CAR. D. G. ANG SCO FRAN. ET HIB REX Reverse the Scepter and Trident lying cross and bound together by a loose Knot REGIT VNVS VTROQVE Another XXIX Effigies Naked to the Breast crown'd with Laurel his left Lock of Hair appearing as then the Mode was to wear it longer than the other and which Fashion his Majesty kept till the Civil War began CAROLVS I. D. G. ANGL SCOT FR. ET HIB REX Reverse Three Crowns in a Knot of as many Bowes VNIT AE INVICT AE Another XXXI Effigies Crown'd in the Garter Robes wearing a Falling Band which new Mode succeeded the cumbersom Ruff but neither did the Bishops or Iudges give it over so soon the Lord Keeper Finch being I think the very first CAROLVS D. G. SCOTIAE ANGLIAE FR. ET HIB REX In this Scottish Coronation Medal are both the Orders that of the Garter and of the Thistle Reverse HINC NOSTRAE CREVERE ROSAE by that prudent Match of Margarite Daughter of Henry VII Married to Iames IV. of Scotland Uniting the White and Red Roses Exurge CORON 18. lunii 1633. To this I add another in whose Reverse is the Thistle only as growing out of the Ground XXXI After which returning out of Scotland we see the King on Horseback Crown'd and in complete Armor pointing with his Commanding-staff to a Providential Eye in the Clouds CAROLVS AVGVSTISS ET INVICTISS MAG BRIT FRAN. ET HIB MONARCHA Reverse The Sun in his Meridian over the City of London SOL. ORBEM REDIENS SIC REX ILLVMINAT VERBEM 1633. We do not Insert such Medals as were struck upon the Nuptials of the Lady Mary Daughter of England and her Illustrious Husband Son of the Valiant Wife and Fortunate Henry Frederic Prince of Orange c. hapning in those Intervals already set forth But return to this Triumphant Medal representing this glorious Cavalcade following not many years after which my self beheld with the Universal Acclamations of then the Happiest People under Heaven A short Parliament following and a too long one after it shewed quam breves Populi Romani amores and
these small pieces of Metal which seem to have broken and worn out the very Teeth of Time that devours and tears in pieces all things else We cannot without grief consider that of once so many thousand Statues nay as Pliny affirms in number almost equal to living Men there are hardly four or five at this day extant intire and unblemish'd Neither could the Colossian magnitude of some of them secure them from decay Marbles with their deepest Inscriptions crumble away and become no more legible Pictures and Colours fade What 's now become of all those admired Works of Apelles Zeuxis Phidias Praxiteles and the rest of those Celebrated Artists What of so many antient Books as once filled those Noble and Royal Libraries at Pergamus and Alexandria 'T is deplorable even to consider what irreparable loss the Learned World has suffered by so many Conflagrations and other funest Accidents as have not only dissipated but quite consum'd infinite numbers of Volumnes so as of all that Noble and Venerable Store so very few in comparison are left us that there is hardly to be found a Manuscript in the whole World which can honestly pretend to above eight hundred or a thousand years Antiquity and to have so long escap'd the rage of Fire Wars or what is worse barbarous Ignorance and Fanatick Zeal whilst Medals though even these likewise as all other Sublunary things be not wholy exempt from diminution through the Avarice of some who have melted down all they could get of them of Gold or Silver have surviv'd and out lasted the most antient Records and transmitted to us the knowledge of a thousand useful things of twice a thousand years past 'T is on this account that there is lately an Academy of Medalists in Paris where in the Royal Palace all those Gentlemen meet whose Curiosity and Genius lead them to the study of Medals Inscriptions and like Antiquities And indeed the advantages which Divines Historians Chronologers Criticks and other Learned Men witness Scaliger Lipsius Salmasius Peireskius Vossius Holstenius Gottofredus Signor Noris once Chief Library keeper of the Vatican and now Cardinal Antonie Pagi of Aix c. and some few of our Nation as Camden Selden Sir Iohn Marsham Sir Simon D' Ewes Mr. Greaves the late Bishops Walton and Pearson have deriv'd from the light which Medals have contributed to their Studies and the benefit that may accrue by them even to the greatest Princes and Politicians as the Learned Cuperus shews in that curious Dissertation concerning the Apotheosis of Homer speaking of Inscriptions and antient Marbles but instar omnium the excellently Learned Spanheim sufficiently discover for what Reason they are and have been cherish'd and search'd after with so much Passion and Industry in other Countries though so little understood or minded in this of Ours where yet the Romans once fixed their Victorious Eagles planted so many Colonies and left so many Monuments of their Residence With the assistance then of many Learned Foreigners who have expresly written of Medals as well in their own Languages as the Latin Tongue that I might in some measure cultivate so useful and diverting a Study and supply the want of Books in our Own I thought a Treatise on this Subject might not be unacceptable CHAP. I. Of the Use of Medals whether for Mony or to preserve the Memory of worthy Actions their Antiquity Materials Size Model c. I Shall not here detain the Reader with any prolix Discourse of the antient Moneys and their Value so many Ages ago first used in Trafick and succeeding that Original Barter or Commutation of one Commodity for another which Tacitus and Pliny affirm was previous to Money especially among the antient Germans till some more precious Matter as Metal for its rarity and beauty durable texture and easiness of carriage became the Price of things as Aristotle shews us in his Politicks But in all appearance the first Purchases were generally with Cattel the Kishitah or Lamb wherein consisted the innocent Riches of elder times before there was any Money known or coin'd Whence some Expositors for centum Nummis Gen. c. 33. v. 19. will have it read centum Agnis though it will still remain a question whether Agnus there do signifie properly a Lamb or rather Money marked and stamped with the image of a Lamb. For Grotius thinks that the Patriarch Iacob being so great a Master in Cattel and abounding in Flocks might probably set that figure on the Silver or Money which he us'd And indeed that Money was in use very early the three and twentieth Chapter of Genesis and other Texts which mention probatam Monetam seems to make clear both as to the Weight Species or both And as among the Romans from the Figure of Cattel stamped and impressed upon the Metal 't is generally conceiv'd the name of Money obtain'd à Pecore Pecunia of which see Varro Pliny Plutarch and the Medal in Gente Rustia mention'd by Ursinus so Iacob's Money might be call'd Keshitah from the Impress of a Lamb. So a sort of Coin was called Bos antiently at Athens as now Corvus at Basil from the Figures impressed on them and not many Ages since Mouttons among the French as bearing a Sheep on the Coin and so 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of old among the Athenians Valerians Aurelians as we Iacobus's Carolus's Horse-men from the Figure or Effigies they bear nay sometimes from the Artist or Workman as heretofore our golden Florens in the Reign of Edward III. coin'd by certain Florentine Moneyers who were it seems imploy'd here in England As to Copper or other Metal used in Traffick whether form'd into Vessels Oeconomic Utensils and Instruments of Husbandry which those who had more than they need might exchange for other necessaries or afterwards cut and divide into Plates and value by weight or pound not unlike to what is still familiar among the Sweeds rich in Copper or when any Stamp or Devise was first set on it in the several Kingdoms and Republicks by Authority of the Magistrate to render it more Current than otherwise its natural and intrinsic Value alone would amount to and which apparently at first prevailed I am not in pain about But that at first it was plain and without Character is the most probable and received Opinion ' til that was added by those to whom belonged the Prerogative of Coining upon a Legal Account for the ease and benefit of Commerce This is certain that among the Romans the first Species antiently minted namely Brass was without any mark at all till the Reign of Servius Tullus who stamp'd it nota pecudum from whence it was called Pecunia as we have already observ'd Before his time it was payed by Weight only so as there was no Buying or Selling without the Scales And the first design of Coining in every Country was to save the labour and trouble of Weighing the Stamp being a publick Testimony that such a piece was
middle as we now find a little piece of Copper in our Tin Farthings to give them strength and value The sum of the Ransom it seems was so vast as Money then was precious that their own Historians tell us that besides several Lands Territories and Seigniories c. Homage done by great Persons retaining the Titles of Sovereignty both of Sea and Land there was pay'd no less than Three Millions of Crowns which is One and Twenty Millions Four Hundred and Twelve Thousand five Hundred Livers of their money at this day In the mean time if it be true that Numa us'd Leather Money a truly antient Piece were an extraordinary Rarity and would speak its value We read and have seen of Paper Money nay of baked and sigillated Earth Purcelan Coral Salt Linnen Cotton Fruit c. in comparison of which Achate and Ieate which have been also us'd for money bear some intrinsic Worth Mention is likewise made of Shells 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Pibbles I rather think 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Aenei Calculi serving for Lots nay Bones of human Skuls which if of an Enemy slain in War were of great Value among some barbarous People and other Bones are Traffick at this day among the rude Americans but of what Animal we are not told only that 't is yet so great a secret with them that the most industrious Nations Bartering with them have not hitherto been able to impose upon them by any thing they have endeavoured to Counterfeit it by In short these base and inferior Materials were among the civiliz'd Nations never made use of save in utmost exigence as was that on Card or Paper in the famous Siege of Leiden Upon other occasions 't is remarkable that wherever the Species is much debased the People are so too and ever under grievous Oppressions Thus that Tyrant Dionysius and those of Sicily money'd Tin and corrupted the Coin and so our Chronicle tells us that when there were in England tot Reges vel potius Tyranni quot Domini almost as many Kings or Tyrants as Lords of Castles they stamp'd what they pleased But then as Mr. Selden notes was the whole Kingdom miserably torn in pieces and the Rights of Majesty shattered which obtains to it self no little lustre from Coining Money Indeed the Cities of Canterbury Rochester and such as had * As Archbishop Ceolnothus An. 831. before King Ethelstans Reign been Garrisons of old and some other Corporations and Towns Abbots and Bishops had before the Conquest their Aedes Monetarii with Privilege Flandi Feriundi c. at pleasure but we speak of those who had it not but who abus'd it The last I think among our Prelats was the great Cardinal Wolsey of whom there are yet to be seen small Coins with his half Face Effigies stampt at Durham and some of Cutbert Tunstal and there is a Piece of Archbishop Cranmer I do not say from this Privilege And now after all we have said of these Debasements of the barbarous Ages there were and still are extant of Lead both Consular and Imperial Medals with some Greek very Antient nor less Authentick and for that cause purchas'd now and then with Gold it self 'T is true they were afterwards prohibited by a Law express which did but inhaunce their value among the curious as did some of the noblest Metals that were call'd in melted down and abolish'd in detestation of Tyrants and such as unworthily abus'd their Power Nero Tiberius Commodus Caligula the obscene Helagabalus that of our late Regicide and others But as to that Metal whatsoever it were the debasers of Gold and Silver tho mighty Princes lost their Reputation it being almost the only blemish of that virtuous Emperor Marcus Antoninus for but covering his Coin with thin Plates of Silver Be it therefore to the praise of our renowned Elizabeth after it had been corrupted almost ever since Richard the First and the Standard establish'd by K. Edward the First who made this Reformation so great and shining a part of her Royal Care tho something had been done in it before by the German * Brought hither for their skill and Art in Refining and Coining and the name Sterling from the East or a Star usually mark'd on the money Others say from the Saxon word signifying a Weight Esterlings about the Reign of our Second Henry above Five Hundred Years since But however Money and Medals of Gold and Silver were ever had in highest Estimation for the Matter as having those transcendent and essential Conveniences Metallum Pondus Figura Those of Copper have no less been sought after for their egregious Form Antiquity and that commonly they bear the Figures and Reverses so accurately as not seldom to dispute it with the richest Ore Indeed whatever we find in either of those precious Metals is also found in Copper but not Vice versâ All is not to be met with in Gold and Silver which are often found in Brass and Copper As for those other Materials mentioned whatever cogent necessity might sometimes introduce antient Moneyers own but those Three authentick Metals usually mark'd by the Triumvir A. A. A. F. F. Auro Argento Aere Flando Feriundo c. Medals then à Metallis for we allow the Name in this following Discourse to no other Material distinguish'd as we shall shew from current Money and Coin by several other Characteristics and Circumstances relating to the Workmanship variety of Subject and Erudition not frequent or of any notable Use in common Money Head and Effigies only excepted Having thus dispatch'd the Matter we come next to the Time when the several Metals came into Use and I am inclined to think that the hard and more vulgar Iron and Copper as most useful for the Field abroad and House within-doors might be of the elder date there being no question yet of the Antiquity of Gold and Silver next to those The difficulty is when first they began to Coin either to our purpose of Medal c. Homer says the antient Achivi us'd no money stamp'd but a rude mass of Iron and Copper which they Barter'd as the wild Indians now do for Baubles Knives Glass-Beads and as of old the Scythae Seres Sarmats the Lusitani Lacedemonians Bizantines and others And for ought I find Aes Grave in the lump and Bullion it self as many Ages after they paid Sums in France by Lingat as well as in Coin to the time of Philip the Fair continued without any elegant Form or Impression till Servius Caepio and Cn. Sempronius being Consuls or as others from the beginning of the Building of Rome to the time of King Pyrrhus before they set any mark or stamp upon Silver And their Copper at first was flat without any Sculpture at all until Servius Tullius I speak of the Romans made on Ox or Sheep or some such Animal be Coined on the Reverse But still as we said the Matter was only Copper whence the
did this Pagan Relique last but till the time of Constantine the Great 's Conversion and that he totally abolish'd their impious Rites for until then we meet both that renowned Emperor and his Sons with Radiations and flattered with Consecrations Nor truly was it since wholly so laid aside but that several of his Successors made bold to put them on again and wear them in their Medals and Medalions as far as down to Arcadius Honorius and lower yet among the Greeks where we meet them with a certain Nimbus or Glory about their Heads as in Monkish Manuscripts and antient Altar-Pieces we find the Saints depicted It is indeed reported as if Constantine even after he had embrac'd the Christian Faith ordered the Radiant Crown to be set on that famous Porphyritic Column which he caus'd to be transported to his new Rome from the old and I remember Philostorgius tells us that besides Wax Tapers there was both Victims and Sacrifices offered to it Ex Vales. in Philostorg excerp even by some superstitious Christians but the Credit of that Historian we know is not over-great That they set up lights nay and kneeling before it imploring help and healing of their Infirmities both Photius Theodorit and Nicephorus affirm whilst as to the other the mistake has been discovered that Statue having been made long before by the hand of the famous Phidias to represent Apollo and by no means for that Religious Emperor tho he honored it with his Name after he had caus'd to be inclosed within it as they write some of the Nails which his Mother Helen is we know reported to have miraculously discovered with the real Cross some time before But to dispatch this matter we do not only in Medals meet with Princes Radiant like Gods but with all other circumstances of Deity So Iulian was represented like Serapis and others we find often in their company Apollo in the Reverses of Augustus Domitian with Pallas with Commodus Hercules Hadrian with Romulus Maximianus with Mars Dioclesian with Iupiter c. And as these haughty Emperors so their Empresses Daughters Neeces and Misses to be sure would come in for their share affecting the Garb Attire and Symbola of Goddesses and sometime Priestesses as did Antonia the Wife of Drusus Nero. Pliny mentions an amorous Painter who drew all his Mistresses to represent some Deess for which Iustin Martyr reproaches the Pagans worshipping their Courtezans What would that holy Man now have said to those Christians who not only set up and inthrone their Misses Pictures over their Altars to represent the B. Virgin with the Babe in her Arms but kneel and pay their Devotions to them But so Painters with Poetic liberty Quidlibet Audendi set up and inshrine these fair sinners as so many Idols And thus we have Cleopatra dress'd like Diana Sabina the Wife of Hadrian like to Iuno Faustina with Venus as in another rare Medal we see her mounted upon a Pegasus carrying her up to the Clouds and so of others all of them marks of Deification for such in Medals are those who appear veil'd and with Stars Altars Temples and Eagles perching on them Peacocks the Phoenix Elephants Mules and Chariots drawn by Lions and the like Let us now descend again to the Barbarous The Parthian Armenian and Persian Monarchs had their distinct Crowns some of which resembl'd the Episcopal Miter or Thiara Nor was it new since there are Medals that present us Cesar and others of the Emperors arrogating pontifical Dignity and sacerdotal Offices with their veil'd Heads us'd by both Sexes and not seldom with the Lituus Patera Sistrum Silphium and other sacred Utensils and Characters of Priestly Function and Augurie Mercuries Petasus was wing'd Vulcan and the Cyclops Caps were without brim and Castor and Pollux had a Star by them The Phrygian Bonet was what the Polonians use at present or rather the Venetians Doge Nor seldom meet we both sexes Headed shall I say or Hooded with the spoils of Lions Wolves and Panthers some with the Tusks and Promuscis of an Elephant others in Casks cristed with the Horns of Rams Goats Bulls and other Animals of the Herd which now and then are wing'd denoting fortitude terror sublimity of Mind expedition in Affairs or the Monsters they had subdu'd which divers Hero's and Emperors would be represented by in imitation of Alcides the brawny Commodus fancying himself descended from him Iupiter Hammon and others of the Gods and Goddesses For as to Horns which at this day but to name alone in Spain would indanger ones Life but which the most illustrious of the German Families and noblest bear so frequently on their Cimiers and Crests it seems the Cornuted Head was no such Character and Mark of Ignominy as the learned Spanheim shews in that Passage of his excellent Work De usu Praestantia Numismatum which tho not so very pertinent to our Argument is yet very entertaining and worthy a curious Reader To conclude and before we leave the Imperial Diadem we shall find some even among our Saxon Kings wearing the Regal Circle after the manner of the Greeks Edward the Confessor had of early days a Barr'd Crown but most conspicuous is that of Edward the Fourth How would a neighbour Monarch have boasted this whose Predecessor Lewis the Twelfth had but a single Bar Arch'd over his Crown about the year 1500 wearing only a Cap or Bonnet before as testifie his Coins stamp'd at Milan Genoa Naples c. till he Marry'd our Henry the Eighths Sister who afterwards Espoused Charles Brandon Henry the Third brought the clos'd Crown into Poland soon imitated by the Swedes Philip of Spain took it not till after his Marriage with Queen Mary of England and Maximilian Grandfather to Charles the Fifth and Great Grandfather of Philip first wore an Arch over a Ducal Coronet A little after which Iames the Fourth upon his Marriage with Margarite Daughter to our Henry the Seventh Barr'd the Crown of Scotland and the Kings of Denmark not until after Christian IV. made his Brotherly Visit to our King Iames the First But that of Portugal was first worn by Iohn Bragança late Father to the most Serene and virtuous Queen Dowager From all which instances it appears that the Monarchs of England were of the First in Christendom that pretended to the Arched Crown And as for the French till their First Francis they were for the most part contented with an open Flowry Bordure only little different from the Ducal Coronet which some of the Saxons had of Silver and others wore the copped Helmet as Cnutus the Great Miter-like But more of Crowns see in a Disseration of M. de Cange Whilst by the way we cannot but take notice of what we meet with in the famous Donative pretended to be from the Great Constantine wherein among other particulars which Impostors would obtrude on the World for authentic but which has unluckily discover'd the fraud this is one
Sieges Expeditions Truces Peaces Alliances Negotiations Discoveries Colonies Adventures Plantations Companies and Improvements of Arts and Manufactures In a word nothing Memorable has escap'd the Medal nor what of other Countries that have had any relation to them Sometimes to the Honor of their Nation useful and full of profitable Diversion Verily a Curiosity together with the Historical Discourses upon them worthy both the Collection and Cabinet of the Curious To proceed therefore with their Reverses We have there represented besides Heads and Effigies all that has fall'n out of Great and worthy the notice of History frequent Events referring to most Actions not of Europe only but of both the Indies and the whole World in any sort relating to I think the most Industrious People in it For instance They have Medals of the very first occasion of their Revolt and Emancipation from the Tyranny and Oppression of Philip II. under which they groan'd upon his endeavouring to introduce the Inquisition and in order thereunto erecting new Bishopricks and Tribunals infringing their antient Immunities and Constitutions And how from that contemptuous Name of Geux and Vagabonds to High and Mighty they in less than a Century asserted their Rights and Liberties against all the Power and Policy of then the most potent and formidable Monarch of Christendom We have in the Reverse of their Medals their Original Confederation and Union with Utrecht their early application and submission to Queen Elizabeth for her Protection the Cautionary Towns and Fortresses made over to and Garrisoned by her with their Râ—â—ddition their deplorable and cruel Sufferings after their first Governor Philip Emanuel Duke of Savoy and Governes's Margarete Dutchess of Parma Cardinal Granvil under that fierce and truculent Alvarez de Toledo Duke of Alva his Son Frederic Don Lovis de Requesens Don Iohn of Austria the Arch-Duke Matthias the Princes of Parma Count Mansfield Arch-Duke Albert Clara Eugenia the Cardinal Infanta the late Fran. de Mela Leopoldus Monterey and the rest They represent the Executions and Catastrophes of Count Egmont and Horn the several Massacres which follow'd the Heroical Acts of Prince William of Nassau his Assassination the Effigies and Exploites of those who pursued that great Persons Victories what was or rather indeed what was not done during the Government of the Duke of Alenson and our Earl of Leicester the wonderful Successes and Triumphs of Grave Maurice Henry Frederic William the Second and Third the Renowned Princes of Orange even to the late stupendious Revolution We have in the Reverses of their Medals the Surprizes of Brill which was their first Exploit and Harlem the memorable Siege of Leyden the Stratagem at Breda Sluce Bergen-op-zoom Bois le Duc Venlo Ruremond Sas de Gand Hulst the later Siege of Maestricht c. the famous Leagures and Battles of Ostend Newport Seneff with the Heads and Pourtraits of Sir Francis and Horatio Veres and other English Hero 's their brave Exploits and Successes against Don Iuan Parma Spinola and others the most renowned Captains and Commanders of that Age. There is a Medal of Prince William the Second's March to Amsterdam and of whatsoever else has fall'n out of Remarkable for more than an hundred years past But these for being acted in their own Country I mention together not forgetting such Exploits as their Medals have Consecrated to their Renown abroad upon the Sea and in other Lands as a Reverse of the famous Battel of Lepanto the bold Action at Damiata in Egypt the Naval Fight in Eighty Eight upon our dispersion of that Invincible Armada with that other signal Combat in An. 1639. their surprizing of the Spanish Plate Fleet several Contests with ours during the late Rebellion with their Admirals Trumps de Ruyters Opdams c. Engagements with the Duke of York Prince Rupert Duke of Albemarle and Earl of Sandwich worthy a kinder fate and to our reproach their Insult at Chatham and Action at Bergen Relief of Denmark and Copenhagen when streightned by the Swedes there is a large Medalion of de Ruyters Exploits in Sicily Succours formerly yielded to other Princes their Allies as during their Peace with Albert and Isabel in the affair of Cleve and Iuliers they stampt Medals of the late Incursions and Excursions of the French An. 1673. since the Peace of Nimegue and several other Treaties and Conventions since that general one at Munster and what pass'd with that Martial Bishop Groningen Narden Breda the Triple League and several others with Foreign Princes and Potentates There is a Medal asserting their Liberty of Commerce of their Expeditions to the Eastern Indies by the Cape of Good Hope in sum of their Circum-Navigations of the whole Terrestrial-Terraqueous World penetrating to the Antipodes and even to the sight of both the Poles Others of their Wars with the Indian Monarchs the Establishment of both East and West India Companies their Colonies Cities Forts Factories in the Moluccas Iavan Ceylon and other Spice Islands their Fisheries and Adventures at Nova Zembla and attempts on the North west Passages of their Expeditions and Success of Prince Maurice in Brasile In short there 's not a Discovery Colony Munition Plantation Negotiation Factory or Scale of Commerce City Citadel State-house Bourse Church Hospital sumptuous Edifice Harbor Canal or the like Public Charge but they shew in Medal Witness those struck of the Erection of Leiden and other Cities into Schools and Universities the Effigies of their famous Professors and Countrymen renown'd for their Learning Souldiers Statesmen Medals of the Authors of several Inventions Arrogating the Arts of Printing Painting in Oyl Mills and Machines their veliferous Chariot and other great and useful Things They struck Medals of several Triumphs and magnificent Pomps on sundry occasions setting forth the Reception and Marriage of the unfortunate Frederic Prince Elector and Lady Elizabeths Landing at Flushing another when the King and Queen of Bohemia took their sad flight after the decretory Battel of Prague they caused Medals to be made of the Refuge which they gave to Mary de Medices Mother of so many Crown'd Heads when she had none to shelter her own Of the Nuptials of Prince William the Second with the Daughter of England another of the generous Entertainment which they gave our late King Charles the Second at Breda and of his Transportation into England at his Restoration To these succeed their Medals of the late Duke of Monmouths Invasion the Birth of the Prince of Wales of our Bishops confinement in the Tower of London as formerly I had found one in memory of the Gun-Powder Conspiracy a delivery for ought I know wholly neglected by us who were most concern'd with any lasting Record of this nature or bare Inscription The late stupendious Expedition and Descent at Torbay is celebrated in a large Medalion as is likewise the Recess of King Iames II. and the Coronation following They stamp'd a Medal upon the memorable Siege of London-Derry in Ireland with sundry
Reverse It was but a little before this that having prevail'd on the Weakness of Fairfax who had been hitherto the Tool and Journeyman he first made himself General and by the same Arts of Dissimulation and Ambition still culminating Usurps the Regal Authority under the name of Protector and strikes Medals in the following Style His Effigies Caesar-like Crown'd with Laurel XL. OLIVARIVS DEI. GRA. REIPVB ANGLIAE SCO ET HIB PROTECTOR Reverse A Lyon supporting or rather grasping the Arms of the New Commonwealth as then call'd Inscribed PAX QVAERITVR BELLO In another XLI OLIVAR D. G. ANG SCO ET HIB PRO. c. Reverse With the Usurper's Paternal Coat within a Scutcheon of Pretence between St. George's St. Andrew's Crosses and the Harp under the Imperial Crown of England PAX QVAERITVR BELLO 1658. And insolently about the Rimb NEMO HAS NISI PERITVRVS MIHI ADIMAT For so Confident was this Bold Man of Establishing himself and Posterity having now Killed and taken Possession that his Presumptuous Son stampt another Medal XLII Representing his Father in Arms and Titles as above Reverse An Olive Tree and a Shepherd with his Flock feeding under it NON DEFICIET OLIVA Sep. 3. 1658. But this Scourge being at last taken away the rotten Foundation quickly sinking not able to sustain the incumbent weight they fell into Confusion and Intanglements among themselves when God Almighty call'd one from the North to revenge the Injured and Reâ—ettle this disordered and miserably shaken Frame on its genuine and steady Basis again Let therefore the Memory of that Illustrious HERO live in the Annals of our History and the Medal which presents us his Effigies No Inscription about the Head Reverse GEORGIVS MVNK OMNIVM COPIARVM IN. ANGLIA SCOTIA ET HIBERNIA DVX SVPREMVS ET THALASSARCHA Aetat 52. And Worthily he Merited all the Honours that were Conferred upon him who had restored a Nation with an Exiled and an Injur'd Prince CHARLES the Second During whose Reign and Royal Brothers succeeding him Medals and Medalions were struck for Largeness Design and Excellent Workmanship equalling many that we have left us of the Antient Greek and Roman by those rare Artists the Rotis We do not reckon those Natalitian and Auguration Pieces of theirs with several others struck upon Emergencies whilst the Royal Family was Eclipsed and during the Civil War but as they are Estimable for the History I begin with XLIV IN. HONOR CARO PRINC MAG BRI. FR. ET HIB NATI May. 29. ANN. 1630. Reverse The Arms of England Scotland France and Ireland in several Shields with the Star that then appear'd at Noon-day radiating from the Centre of the Medal Inscrib'd HACTENVS ANGLORVM NVLLI As indeed being the very first Prince excepting one that died an Infant that was ever Born Heir to Great Britain There is another without a Star of the same Inscrib'd within a square and a Third better wrought wherein the Shield is Crown'd with a Prince's Coronet Motto as above but XLV The Reverse differing MEM. CAROLI PRIN. MAGN. BRITANN FRANC. HIBERN NATI XXIX MAII BAPTIZ IVN. M. DC.XXX.S Another XLVI Charles I. in Honour of the Installation of our late Sovereign CHARLES II. caused some Emblematic Medals to be stamp'd with the Royal Oak under a Princes Coronet overspreading subnascent Trees and young Suckers SERIS FACTVRA NEPOTIBVS VMBRAM Reverse The Legend on the Table of the Medal within the Garter of the Order CAROL M.B. REGIS FILIVS CAROL PRINC INAVGVRATVR XXII MAII MDCXXXIIX Another The Prince in Bust full-fac'd in the Garter Robes and Cap. CAROLVS PRIN. MA BR NOB. ORD GART MILES 22. Maii 1638. Reverse The Prince of Wales's Arms within the Garter and on the outward Circle MAGNI SPES MAGNA PARENTIS XLVIII There is yet one more in which the King his Father in Bust Arm'd and Crown'd CAROLVS I.D.G. ANGL SCOT FR. ET HIBER REX Reverse The Prince on Horseback behind the Arms of the Prince of Wales c. ILLVST CAROLVS PRINCEPS WALLIAE Under the Horse Two C's link'd together between Palm branches and Laurel Besides these I find not any other Medals though some there may have been struck ' til after his Royal Father's Martyrdom when I meet with one Lozeng'd and two Octogone Obsidional Pieces circumscrib'd XLXIX. OBS. NEWARK 1646. Reverse The Crown of England and under XXX L. CAROL II. D. G. MAG B. F ET H. REX Under a Crown HANC DEVS DEDIT 1648. Reverse Pontfract Castle over which these Letters P. C. and on the side OBS. Epigraph POST MORTEM PATRIS PRO. FILIO LI. Another much like the former with an Hand coming out of the Toures holding a naked Sword on the other side OBS. and under it 1648. Revers'd with a Crown over C.R. Inscribed DVM SPIRO SPERO For it seems Lieutenant Col. Morris and Cornet Blackburn had bravely held it out as long as there were any Hopes of being Reliev'd We proceed next to such as were stamp'd upon and after the stupendious Revolution of 1660. which his Majesty gratefully acknowledges magnifying the Almighty Disposer in the following Medals LII The Arms of England Crown'd PROBASTI ME. DOMINE SICVT ARGENTVM Reverse MAGNA OPERA DOMINI 1660. LIII The Kings Effigies Crown'd with Laurel CAROLVS II. REX Reverse The Arms of the Four Kingdoms in separate Shields The Kings Cypher interlaid and Crown'd with a Star in the Center MAGNALIA DEI. 1660. LIV. And in a Medalion of the largest size exquisitely designed his Majesty's Effigies Caesar-like to the Breast CAROLVS SECVNDVS D. G. MAG BRIT FRAN. ET HIB REX Reverse Iustitia holding the Fasces with the Balance in her left hand and with her right delivering the Olive branch to Britannia sitting under a Cliff by the Sea shore with a Spear in one hand and the Union-Shield in the other Pallas Hercules and Fame standing by An Angel over all with a Palm and beneath FELICITAS BRITANNIAE 29. MAY. 1660. Alluding to that of the Royal Prophet Mercy and Truth are met together Iustice and Peace have kiss'd each other The Effects of which express'd in the following Medalion LV. The Kings Effigies in short Hair à la Romain Antique OPTIMO PRINCIPI CAROLO II. D.G.M. BRIT FRAN. ET HIB REGI Phil. Roti Reverse Incomparably representing a Matron half-Veil'd sitting and holding a naked Sword and Cornucopia in her right hand in her left a Book opened in which is written FIDES Under her feet LIBERTAS Inscription about the Circle FIDEI DEFENSORIS RELIGIONIS REFORMATAE PROTECTORI About the Rimb ARCHITECTVRAE NAVALIS ET MONETAE INSTAVRATORI Nor indeed could less have been said of a Prince the most knowing in Naval Affairs and vigilant to Improve and Maintain the Safety and Glory of these Kingdoms in its highest and chiefest Concern which is certainly its Strength at Sea and appears to be the glorious Design now set on foot of a truly Royal Foundation at Greenwich deserving a Thousand Medals LVI The King in Bust Garter Robes
and Coller Crown'd CAROLVS II. D. G. ANG SCO FR. ET HI REX Reverse The King sitting in his Robes and Crown'd holding the Scepter An Angel touching the Crown with his right hand in his left a Branch of Olive EVERSO MISSVS SVCCVRERE SECLO XXIII APR. 1661. LVII Effigies Crown'd and in the Coller of the Order CAROLVS II. D.G. MAG BRI. FRA. ET HI REX CORONATVS Reverse The King at length in a Roman Sagum standing with a Pastoral Crook like a Shepherd in the middle of his Flock feeding DIXI CVSTODIAM XXIV APRIL 1661. All things now secure and in happy Peace both at Home and Abroad is expressed in this following Medal LVIII Effigies to the Shoulder short Hair CAROLO SECVNDO P.R. Reverse A Lyon Couchant-dormant over him QVIESCIT Exurg BRITAN LIX King in Peruke Laureat Bust à la Romain CAROLVS II. D.G.M. BR FR. ET H. REX Reverse A Ship under sail NOS PENES IMPERIVM His Majesty had now Espoused the most Serene and Virtuous Infanta of Portugal who bringing the greatest Portion both in Territories and Treasure that did ever any Queen of England before deserv'd the Celebration of the following Medal LX. The King and Queens Effigies c. CAROLVS ET CATHARINA REX ET REGINA Reverse A Terrestrial Globe representing Europe Africa with part of Asia and America DIFFVSVS IN. ORBE BRITANNVS 1670. Another thus LXI His Majesty's Effigies Laurel c. CAROLVS II. D. G. MAG BRIT FRAN. ET HIB REX Reverse Her Majesty's Head Inscrib'd CATHER D. G. MAG BRIT FRAN. ET HIB REGINA There is another of a larger size rarely Insculp'd with the Queens Effigies LXII CATHARINA D.G. MAG BRI. FRAN. ET HIB REGINA Reverse The Figure of St. Catharine at length holding a Sword point down in her left hand a Palm in the right and standing by the broken Wheel PIETATE INSIGNIS LXIII This Medal of St. Catharine standing on a Shield with a Reverse of Fame holding a Branch of Olive Inscrib'd PROVINCIA CONNAGH together with the next seem to have relation to Ireland LXIV Where a Crown'd King is as we picture David playing on the Harp over which the Crown of England FLOREAT REX Reverse A Mitred Bishop or St. Patrick holding a double Cross and standing between a Church and a Serpent which he seems to drive away QVIESCAT PLEBS is I think Irish Coin LXV The Kings Head without any Ornament CAROLO SECVNDO Reverse A Rose full-blown upon the growing Bush. ANTE OMNES. Returning to the King LXVI A very noble Medalion in Bust short Hair and Roman-like AVGVSTISS CAROLO SECVNDO P. P. Reverse Prudentia with Pallas supporting upon an Altar a Shield in which there is represented Britannia about whom stand Pax Hercules Mercurius and Abundantia the last a cumbent Figure with this Inscription NVLLVM NVMEN ABEST Exurge BRITANNIA In another LXVII CAROLVS II. D. G. MAG BRI. FRAN. ET HIB REX Reverse Pallas sitting on a Bank with a Spear in her left hand piercing Envy under foot and pointing with her right hand to this Inscription INVIDIA MAIOR But all these being Fruits and Productions of Peace and Prosperity were sometimes interrupted by those unhappy Mistakes and Disputes with our Neighbours which caus'd his Majesty to turn his Thoughts on his Concerns at Sea and to assert his Undoubted Title on that Element according to the various Successes whereof there were struck the following Medals Head Crown'd with Laurel Inscribed CAROLVS II. D. G. M. BR FR. ET HIB REX Reverse The King in a Chariot ET PONTVS SERVIET 1665. This appears to be at the beginning of the first War Another noble Medalion of the largest size LXIX Head in Peruke bound with a Laurel c. CAROLVS SECVNDVS DEI. GRATIA MAG BRI. FRAN. ET HIB REX ◠Reverse The King at length in the Roman Military Habit and Paludamentum standing under a Cliff with a Battoon or Commanding-staff in his right hand and pointing towards the Sea where a Fleet is represented ingag'd and one of the Ships sinking Exurge PRO. TALIBVS AVSIS Which Medal was doubtless for an honorary Badge to such as had most signally behav'd themselves There is another of the same design in short Hair and which I here subjoin LXX Effigies in Bust Crown'd with Laurel CAROLVS SECVNDVS DEI. GRATIA MAG BRIT FRAN. ET HIBER REX Reverse Britannia sitting by the Shoar under a Rock holding in her right hand a Spear and the Arms of Great Britain in a Shield with her left hand looking towards a Fleet at Sea the Sun shining and dissipating the Clouds FAVENTE DEO Exurg BRITANNIA About the Rimb CAROLVS SECVNDVS PACIS ET IMPERII RESTITVTOR AVGVSTVS And indeed it is a most August Medalion however less well perform'd by the Graver here LXXI A fair Medalion of his Majesty's Head Laureat c. CAROLVS SECVNDVS DEI. GRATIA MAG BRI. FRAN. ET HIB REX Reverse The King in the Roman Military habit standing on a square Pedestal ascended by six round Steps and holding a naked Sword with his left hand point downward in his right a Commanding staff the Sea behind him full of Ships sailing to and fro REDEANT COMMERCIA FLANDRIS 1666. Neither is a far less remarkable Medal both in respect of the Stamp and Inscription to be here omitted struck about this time flagrante bello contending for this glorious Dominion at Sea LXXII The Kings Effigies Crown'd with Laurel c. CAROLVS A. CAROLO 1665. Reverse Britannia sitting as usually represented About the Circle QVATVOR MARIA VINDICO Underneath BRITANNIA It being therefore upon the greatest Importance of these Kingdoms Concerns at Sea that his Majesty Founded a Seminary at Christ-Church for the Institution of Children who should be solemnly Disciplin'd and made fit for the Service of his Royal Navy this glorious Medalion was designed and struck LXXIII The King in Bust short Hair richly Arm'd à l' Empereur CAROLVS SECVNDVS D. G. MAG BRI. FRAN. ET HIB REX Reverse A Blue-Coat Boy with his Toaq or Bonnet under his arm by the Sea side in view of Ships impell'd by Winds is represented as newly Examin'd by the Arts Mathematical Arithmetick laying her Hand on the Childs Head Geometry Astronomia and Mercurius Angels and Horae above in the Clouds sounding Trumpets and pouring down Fruits out of the Amalthean Horn. Epigraph INSTITVTOR AVGVSTVS 1673 Upon what Occasion or whom it does concern I need not inform the World which has ever heard of the great and important Services Sir Samuel Morland did his Majesty from time to time during the late Usurpers Power by the faithful Intelligence he so constantly gave him LXXIV The Kings Head Laureat CAROLO II. REGI INSTITVTORI AVG. In the Table of the Reverse IN. ADVERSIS SVMMO VITAE PERICVLO IN. PROSPERIS FELICI INGENIO FREQVENS ADFVIT Which he told me his Majesty gave him leave to wear as an honourable Badge of his signal Loyalty There remains yet a Medalion bearing only his Majesty's
and then with Glaucus prefer 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 without Reproach Pescennius an ample Medalion Greek Silver was lately in the hands of Mr. Falknier with us in England but is now swallowed up in the French King's Cabinet who has by his Curious and Industrious Emistaries gleaned an immense Treasure of all that 's Rare in this kind Pescennius Niger with Apollo Sanctus and Sanctus Pacifer Papirius Silver Head of Rome arm'd with a Rostrum Reverse Victory drawn by four Horses 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Cursor Pertinax sacrificing a Noble Medalion His Reign of so few Years makes all his Rare Posthumius with his Son two Heads the Father sacrificing to Hercules in the Reverse Pompeius Legend Magnus Imperator the Reverse a Scepter between an Eagle and a Dolphin intimating his Soveraignty over Land and Sea Philippus Reverse ex Oraculo Apollinis with a Temple of that God exceedingly Rare with another of his Reverse a Dog and the Fish Phocas Probus Pylaemenes Euergeta and an Ox's Head Pyrrhus Gold Republics those of the Greeks we have in Mr. Walker River Deities for bearing the Antient Names of good use as in that Medal of Severus Sabina Tranquillina Wife to Gordianus III. with a Latin Inscription Concordia Aug. not long since found at the Famous Siege of Vienna Serapis Gold of the smaller size Severus with the Amphitheatre of Titus which he repair'd held to be the only Medal of that kind and never seen but in the Cabinet of Ginetti at Rome with Geta and Caracalla three Heads rare and rarer yet where more The same with Iulia Domna Titus Reversed with his Amphitheatre or Templum Pacis an estimable Medal as also is that with Trophies 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and such generally as bear their own Trajanus with Ariadne carried up to Heaven Silver also that with Pax and Concordia joyning Hands Ears of Corn and Cornucopia to shew in what Tranquillity and Abundance the Empire flourish'd during his Reign Tribonian with Apollo Clarius Trophies Tryphon Tigranes very Rare Valerianus Son of Gallienus and indeed all Medals with two Heads as before noted That Medal likewise of his with the River Caystros Vespasianus and Titus together Volusianus with the Temple of Iuno Maritalis Zenobia Gold small rare as are many others For we give a touch only here referring the Studious to good Authors and to the Conversation of the more Learned and Experienc'd Medalists Monsieur Baudelot as generally those of Heads and above all Monsieur Vaillant what are Rare in particular It is moreover to be consider'd that some Medals are very Rare but in one Series some in all some common in certain Classes and no other and Rare in some Countries and Places which in others are common enough v.g. Those of Posthumus in France Rare in Italy Aelius in the large Copper in France also in other Places not so In England there have been and are every Day * In this Valuable that we may be sure they are Authentic Medals found of several of the Roman Emperors especially Vespasian Domitian Trajan Adrian Antoninus Pius M. Aurel. Verus Commodus Gordianus Alex. Severus and Septimius Pertinax Philippus Vibius Gallus and Volusianus Valerian Gallienus Constantinus Chlorus Helena Theodora Constantinus Magnus Licinius Crispus Constantia Iun. Constantius Gallus Magnentius Iulian Valerian Valens Gratian Valentinian Arcadius and several more and that in great quantity and different from one another a great Indication of some Legions being settl'd in those Places I do not say all of them Historical yet some with very useful Reverses Besides these many Saxon and Runic Coins c. found especially of the Roman about Old Sarum Clarendon◠Park Malmsbury Comb-Bisset Winchfield Chippenham Kembel and other Places in Wilts At Oxenford Craydown Woodcot Gatton Godalming Kingston in Surrey At Arundel Lewes in Sussex At * Richborough where more Roman Coins have been found than in any part of England Reculver Sheppy Rochester Milton Dover in Kent At Conquest in Huntington shire and about Bridg-Water Caerleon St. Iulian and plentifully about Bath in Somerset-shire on Malvern Hills in Worcester-shire about Winchester in Hamp shite Cilcester in Berks Old Verulam in Hartford-shire Hog-Magog in Cambridgeshire in Cambridge Town and Castle Ichworth in Suffolk Bradburn and Dorchester in Dorset-shire in Glocester-shire about the Cotswold in Bartonfield and Mansfield in Hereford-shire and Northampton Stony-Stratford at Maldon Colchester in Essex in and about London and Middlesex Llangmonas in Derby-shire at Boverton in Monmouth-shire where they dug up Coins of the thirty Tyrants very rarely found at Chester Aldburrow and Catarick in York-shire Shawell in Leicester-shire Braunston c. at Brougham in Cumberland and farther North at Lancaster and about Severus's Wall To which might be added those mentioned by the Learned Camden and Dr. Plot in his Useful Histories of Oxon. and Stafford-shire and as I doubt not but he would likewise have furnish'd us with abundance more of his Native Country Kent by his late Itinerarium had he liv'd to perfect it whilst I am in the mean time much oblig'd for most of those above-mentioned to Holinshed Hol. Vol. 1. and to the Kindness of Mr. Aubrie's Inquisitive and Laudable Perambulations Here likewise would be consulted Mr. Burton's Tabula Geographica Nor are yet the Antient Emperors c. the only valuable Medals but divers likewise of the latter whether of Gold or Silver especially their Empresses bearing Greek Inscriptions ever observing as more than once we noted that those Medals which in the High Empire are frequently found of the large Copper are much more precious in the smaller quite contrary in the Bas and Lower Empire and such as are with Greek Inscriptions to be generally preferr'd whether Antient or Modern And here may our Young Curioso and Collectors reckon and esteem those for Antique which reach down to near the Reign of Valens or at farthest to about the Year four Hundred the rest for Modern or Antico-Moderni to Charlemaine always excepting those which conclude the Greek Empire which are Mungrels and to be accounted neither Antient nor Modern and next to Barbarous Lastly Of the middle Size Store there are among such as carry the Effigies of Heads of the Antient Legislators Hero's Poets Founders of Cities Publick and Magnificent Works Colonies Reverses of Stately Edifices Liberalities Consecrations and such other Subjects as we have already enumerated speaking of Reverses importing any extraordinary Event or Expedition which are Universally to be accounted Rare and worthy the Collection especially of the Greek of which there is no danger of being over-stock'd only if you chance to meet any of the same Stamp which not seldom happens it may suffice to make Choice of such as are most perfect and above the rest such as retain any Numeral Letters for Reasons already mention'd There has been within this last Century great Inquiry after this sort of Antiquity which hath occasion'd the careful preservation of innumerable Coins and Medals that
Instruments and Workmen followed which calls to mind how in almost the like Circumstance the late French King Lewis XIII did not think his Mint secure from these wicked Practices until he had hous'd it in the Louvre which that great and worthy Minister and Virtuoso Monsieur de Noyers plac'd in the same Apartment with the Royal Printing-House that as my * Monsieur Freart Author adds he might allie together Two of the most universal and most permanent Monuments of Kings Books and Money spreading themselves over all Nations and remaining for many Ages The excessive Abuses found in the Years 1635 and 39. both in the Title and Weight of the greatest part of the Coin as well of several other Countries as France which had been changed or destroyed stood in need of timely Reformation Nor was it possible to remedy it on the sudden without putting Commerce into very great Disorder and was therefore for a while conniv'd at But as this dexterous and publick-spirited States-man order'd it he well knew how to derive the greatest Advantage to the Benefit of the People and Honor of the King by Politickly permitting and indeed authorizing the Abuse which could not else have been so easily encounter'd whilst in the mean time it invited those of all the neighbouring Countries and States in hope of Gain to Transport into France all their Light Gold and Silver which they had and which remained there by reason of its being decried a few Months after bearing now the Arms of France and Effigies of Lewis le Iust by that noble Conversion which he order'd to be made of it Whilst this strange Matter was united to ours he also sought out and discover'd prompt and easy Expedients of giving it that excellent Form which since it bears Curing at the same instant and by the same Remedy both the present Inconvenience and that to come Thus we see that its just and equal Roundness the Grenetis which is about it and the Politure which is on the flat of every Piece not only defends it from the Clipping the File and Operation of Strong-Waters but even renders its Imitation in a manner impossible to our False Coiners so as we may affirm of this Money that it is the most Artistly contriv'd and the most commodious that was ever us'd in Commerce there being stamp'd in less than four Years time above an Hundred and Twenty Millions and that after fifteen or sixteen Years that the War had lasted and the Kingdom seemed to have been utterly exhausted c. Perhaps this Passage of which I gave Account more than thirty Years since in a Dedication to his late Majesty Charles II. might have been taken notice of the Instance being so pregnant and so like our present Case But as some Kings and Emperors were Famous for their Care in reforming these Abuses Aurelianus calling in all the Counterfeit Money and giving out New to obviate the growing Mischief and Confusion so there were others as Infamous for their not only neglecting it but for doing worse in not only conniving at them but who did themselves vitiate and debase their own Coin Such of old among the Romans after the Age of Commodus whose excesses had so debauch'd the People were those from Gordian to the Posthumi when they began to pervert the Standard which so long as that Wise and Glorious Empire religiously maintain'd it in all its Purity Nat. Hist. lib. VI. C 22. Quod pares pondere denarii essent in â—â—ptiva pecunia cum diversae imagines indicarent à pluribus factos did infinitely prosper so as Pliny speaking of the Island of Taprobane tells us that the most Barbarous Nations at vast distance held friendly Commerce and Correspondence with the Romans looking upon them as just and worthy People from the constant Value Goodness and Integrity of their Money But no sooner did they once give way to the adulteration or raising of their Money beyond its real worth but the Government it self grew degenerate and soon fell after it Nor is there a more fatal Symptom of Consumption in a State than the Corruption and Diminution of the Coin under which denomination I comprehend all other Practices on the Species however dignified by Names and Character The very Truth is to put a King's Title or Effigies to unweighty Money and not of authentic Value is as we said to render the Prince himself a Faux Monoyeur or as the Learned * Recher L VI. C. 21. Pasquiers Expression is donner un souflet au Roy and bouffet Majesty Thus Henry VI. diverted or perverted rather by the mean and beggarly Shift of Alchymy and other Sophistications endeavour'd to supply his Extravagances as after him another profuse Henry of ours until his Renouned Daughter by more wholsome Counsel reforming it reduc'd the Standard to the Purity of Edward the Fourth But it was our First Edward who first of all establish'd the English Sterling from its ambulatory and uncertain Motion and Value and which all the wiser States of Christendom did imitate afterwards This calls to mind another Edward that most hopeful and incomparable Prince the Sixth of that name who having as yet hardly arriv'd to the Thirteenth Year of his Age upon Consideration of the miserable Plight to which his profuse Father had brought the Coin took such Care and Pains to inform himself of the State and Condition of the Mint Exchange and Value of Money and to Regulate those Matters as by turning over the * Original in the Cotton Library and now published in Hist. Reformat Book II. Part II. Iournal written in his own Hand I find among other grave and serious Remarks he did so far exceeding either the usual Capacity or Years of an Age so Immature as it reproaches those who being much more Advanc'd minded nothing but trifling childish or vicious Diversions To step a little back again to the History of these depraved Customs abroad It was about the Reign of Charles the Simple that most of the Great ones especially Governours of Provinces Castles and principal Cities took on them to Coin and looked upon the Priviledge as it were hereditary and independent for so did they sometimes here in England too tho' it lasted not long but the Mischief became so insupportable by reason of the Corruption that when the King would have abrogated the cause of the Abuse he found it so very difficult that he was fain to give it over and content himself with a small proportion to discharge the Mintage and this was thought not a little Progress 'T is in the mean time evident as to that of France they might thank themselves and their perpetual Quarrels with England from the very Reign of their Famous St. Lewis and above all that of Philip the Fair and Charles IX when we endanger'd France as it now does us which mov'd them to debase and yet to inhance the Value of their Coin to the unspeakable loss of the
again amongst us menacing a no less total Subversion than what let into Europe that Inundation of Saracens Turks Goths and other barbarous People are melancholy Prospects Let us but compare the Times Periods and Revolutions present Schisms and other Circumstances of this Degenerate Fanatick and Self-Interess'd Age and how little of generous and publick Spirit moral Probity sober Bravery and true Christian there is among us with the Causes and Accidents of those Desolations in the Eastern World subject to that once Glorious Empire and see if ever any Age did more resemble it and whether something like to Turcism besids Coffee do not at last emerge and spring from this Cataclysis and Medly of Opinions abounding among us and no Religion Not let us imagine or flatter our selves with an Impossibility of falling into the like Circumstances Those who lived in those yet flourishing Countries and brighter Days among the most polish'd Greeks doubtless as little dreamt it possible that the Successors of the Paaeologi Cantacuzeni Noble and High-born Porphyrogeneti should from their Illustrious Race Heirs of Crowns and Scepters literally now be keeping Sheep and feeding Camels in barren and sandy Deserts that the whole Posterity of that once proud and conquering People should lose both their Religion Country Laws Liberty Ease and Splendor nay their very Language and Native Tongue the most Learned Copious and Universal under Heaven in far shorter time than any Nation we ever read or I think heard of under it Nor am I much departed from my Text by this Preachment or Prophecy call it which you please whilst I shew what dreadful Confusions naturally flow from and attend the supine Negligence of so long suffering this Diminution of our Treasure which a more timely Care and Thought might have prevented and extream difficulty of redressing and recovering it to its pristine Course and Value Obsta Principiis is as infallible an Aphorism for healing of the Body Politick as any in Hippocrates for the Natural the most dangerous Evils creep now and then insensibly when if neglected they oft become irremediable or desperate The Source of ours is obvious Concisum Argentum in titulos with other concurrent Circumstances Iuv. Sat. XIV and if the Ruin of the Athenian State was fore-told because the Rats had gnawn and eaten Plato's Commonwealth what may these Vermin Clippers Corroders Regraters and vile Perverters of the Riches and vital Substance not of an Ideal but of a Real Commonwealth and Kingdom fore-bode I wish at least it may not prove a fatal Indication among other Omens of some surprising and publick Mischief if not prevented for the future by some speedy and effectual Course for 't is not enough to Coin Re-coin and make good the Faulty without future Caution and Sanctions inviolable In order to this I was glad to find that so many able Persons had by the Prudence of the Lords of the Treasury been encourag'd to take this Article into their serious Thoughts and by the Search and Recital of many antient and pertinent Records we should hardly ever have else inspected given us the * By Mr. Lounds out of the Red Book Exchequer See Iudge Hales 's Sheriffs Accompts c. History of our Mint and Coins whilst tho' I own the great Satisfaction I received in Reading their Judicious Remarks I must at the same time acknowledge that I always wish'd there might some Expedient be found which might if possible supply the Necessity of altering the Value and Estimation of the Species beyond its intrinsic Worth which has as I have shewed in all Ages and Exigences proved so mischievous in the Event In short whatever pretends to add or detract from the Value of Money must of necessity Influence and insensibly Affect all that 's necessary not only to the well-being but to the very Form and Essence of a Kingdom All Pacts and Covenants Bargains Obligations Estates Rents Goods Credit and Correspondences whatsoever becoming dubious and uncertain must sink and be at an end If once People want wherewith to purchase Bread which includes and comprehends all other Necessaries the Fisque and publick Treasure supplied by the People suffers in all its Branches and Relations as the most flourishing Tree does from its wither'd and dried up Roots and that State and Nation becomes Defenceâ—ess and a Prey-Let France as formidable as now it seems be Instance in the often named Philip the Fair's Reign when it lay so dangerously expos'd 'T is true that of early Days even here in England such things had been done Richard the First corrupted the Coin almost Six Hundred Years since and that after Henry the Second the First Edward a Wise and Prudent King had in good measure fixt the Standard and settled uniformity of Money and that Noble and Renowned Prince Edward III. stating its Value did raise it also aliquousque and that it has since frequently been vitiated especially by the incontinent King Henry the Eighth but all this while to the infinite Detriment and Dishonour of the Nation until as we shewed that Fortunate and well-consulted Princess Elizabeth intirely restor'd it to its genuine Value and antient Dignity And here again 't is worthy Remark that the most prosperous and glorious Potentates and most beloved were even those who took the greatest Care to preserve the Species chast and intemerate Instances we have in Charles the Great in whose time the Western Empire was in its highest Ascendant since the Roman Caesars as on the contrary how prodigiously it sunk and languish'd as often as they fell to Tricks and ignoble Shifts even to the late German Emperors upon which the learned * Not is in Klock His words are these Quae nunc iterum Monerarumcorruptio in Imperio nostro existat quam frustra huic morbo medendo hactenus desudaverint viri etiam cordatiores palam est Peller sadly complaining for want of timely Remedy suffering such wretched Leaches that as with us still persisted to abuse the Publick breaks out into this pathetic Exclamation and so may we Morbum ipsum Deus curet the Lord have Mercy on us ille qui eum in terris representat For if his Majesty and those in Power did not speedily take the Cure into their Hands Conclamatum est our Condition would be desperate and the Nation ruined What France has suffer'd we have shew'd in Philip and from him till their Charles the Fifth and therefore call'd the Wise for his Care in re-settling his Mint on a firmer Base but after which it horribly relaps'd in Charles VII and IX and frequently since but never without its pernicious and natural Consequences But now since we are fall'n into this sore Calamity the Difficulty is how to heal the Wound supply the present Deficiency and not only seek whence to derive a timely Stream equivalent to that which is issued out but to remove the Dams and Impediments that obstruct the flowing Current till which to be
Berkley Biran Bristol Carlisle Caermarthen Capel Cherbery Clarendon Cleveland Cork Darby Devonshire Marquis of Dorchester Earl of Essex the Learned Lords Falkland Goring Marquis of Hartford Lord Hatton Earl of Holland Lords Holles Hopton Huntington Earls of Inchequin Kingston Langdale Duke of Lauderdale Earls of Leicester Lindsey Loughborow Manchester Marlborough Viscount Montague the Renowned Marquis of Montross Hallifax Earls of Mulgrave Northampton Northumberland Norwich Orery Peterborough Duke of Richmond Earls of Rochester Shrewsbury Southampton Strafford Lord Stawel Earl of Sunderland Lord Wentworth Marquis of Worcester c. Signal for their Service or Remarkable for their Actions whose Names will shine in our future Annals as they deserve to do in Medal to their lasting Honor as percontra Bradshaw Brackstead Corbet Cromwell Cook Dorislaus Garland Goff Hewson Holland Ireton Lisle Ludlow Martin Okey Hugh Peters Pennington Scot Tichburn Whaley Ven and other our Clements Ravillacs and Lopezes with the rest of those Infamous Parricides who deservedly suffered or deserved to suffer to their endless shame Lastly Those who discovered the late Plots and Conspiracies whether real or pretended and such as miscarried in them before and since the Revolution Nay I would not care if I had the Heads and Pourtraits of Pelagius Robert Parsons Stapleton the MartinMar-Prelates Garnet Faux Catesby the villanous Burgundian who assassin'd the most Heroic Prince of Nassaw Iac-Straw Tom Tiler Simnel Perkin Warbec Tresilian Emson and Dudley Gaviston Powel Felton Sindercum Blood who made that bold Attempt on the Royal Gazophylacium in the Tower and for a while robb'd it of the Imperial Crown c. To these add the French Erostratus Hubert who is said to have fired the City of London after it had stood as many Thousand Years as the Temple at Ephesus had been Hundreds in Building and let this Rear be brought up with Hannum and Whitny Clavel the learned Padder Dr. Lamb Elizabeth Barton â—Mal cut-purse and the German-Princess I would see the Faces of Scoggin Archee Hobson the merry Carrier of Cambridge and others ejusdem ordinis In this Class enter the celebrated Misses and illustrious Strumpets such as Rosamond Iane Shore Gratiana and other Thaises of no mean Titles as have debauch'd Great Princes and contributed more perhaps to the Ruin of this Kingdom than all the Warrs Fires Plagues and Plots which else have happened Others again are Signal upon different and extraordinary Accounts Rare and Accidental such as the late Stroker Gretorix the Famous Irish Gastrimuth and Ventriloquus Fanning our Milo and other Gastrimargi Wood the great Eater of Kent Marriot and other Philoxenus's Opposite to these the Virgin Schreira Eva Fleigen and Margarite the Maid of Spire with the like Fasters and abstemious Ascetae Farley who slept fourteen Days and Nights Calvert who went from London to Calais and back again to London in a Summer's Day between Sun rising and setting Here likewise may properly come in Babo Earl of Abensperg who being Father of Forty Children brought Two and Thirty of them all alive and at once to wait upon the German Emperor The prolific Mrs. Honywood of Marshham in Essex but above all Margarite Countess of Honeberg who brought forth as many Children at one Birth as there are Days in the Year all upon * Erasmus Guicciardin Lâ— Vives c. unquestionable Record Then for Persons Remarkable for Age amongst us Dame Kerton the late Abbess of Amesberry who lived to an Hundred and Forty Years married and died long after the dissolution of her Monastery Old Par who survived above One Hundred Fifty and Two Years and the antient Countess of Desmond of whom it is reported that she changed her Teeth three times See Plin. Hist. Lib. VII Cap. 56. as a Queen of Hungary recover'd her Youth and Beauty by Virtue of the Water that bears her Name To these add Old Simson of Ellerton upon Swale in York-shire who dying within these Twenty Years was judged to be Older than Par by Ten Years Other Nestors and Macrobians of this and other Nations CAP. VIII see in the Learned and Industrious Dr. Plot 's Natural History of Stafford shire where likewise of Men of prodigious Stature such as Bray of Cornwal Parsons Porter to King Iames the First whose Picture I think is yet or lately was to be seen in the Guard Chamber at White Hall Midleton of Lancashire c. Next to these Ieffrey Dwarf to King Charles the First who grew to an ordinary Man's Stature after Fifty Years Mr. Ramus Pumilo to Thomas Earl-Marshal of England who being Learned and in the magnificent Train of that Noble Lord when he went Ambassador to Vienna about the Restitution of the Palatinate to the vanquish'd King of Bohemia made a Speech in Latin before his Imperial Majesty with such a Grace and so much Eloquence as merited a Golden Chain and Medal of the Emperor Nor may we here forget the compendious Consort yet living of the late Mr. Gibson whose Nuptials we find celebrated by our best * Mr. Waller Poets and the Minute Man of Stature suitable deservedly numbered among our Tallest and very best Miniature Painters of the Age which kindly calls upon me to gratify an inclination I always had to an Art so useful and instructive as well as delightful by celebrating some of our own Country-men who have out-done all the World in Water-Colours such as Hildiard both our Olivers the inimitable Cooper Carew with the two Sons of De Clyne c. In Oyl Dobson Walker Iohnson Fuller Greenhill Streeter Rylie Pierce c. our Phidias Praxiteles and Lysippus Mr. Gibbon for the Statuary our Raulins Simons c. for Intaglias c. our Billingsly Davis of Hereford who wrote in Laudem Artis Scriptoriae and taught the Noble Prince Henry to write Coker Gerin Gething Skelton and mine own Monoculus Hoare Comparable for their Skill and Dexterity in Graving Calligraphy and fair Writing to the most Renowned of the * Callicrates wrote an Elegiac Distic in a Sesamum Seed Aelian Var. Hist. Antients Hadrian Iunius speaks of him as a Miracle who wrote the Apostle's Creed and beginning of St. Iohn's Gospel within the compass of a Farthing What would he have said of our Famous Peter Bale who in the Year 1575. wrote the Lord's Prayer the Creed Decalogue with two short Prayers in Latin his own Name Motto Day of the Month Year of the Lord and Reign of the Queen to whom he presented it at Hampton-Court all of it written within the ‖ In nuce inclusum Iliada Homeri Carmen in membrana scriptum Plin. Nat. Hist. Lib. VII Cap. 21. Circle of a Single Peny inchas'd in a Ring and Bordure of Gold and covered with a Chrystal so accurately wrought as to be very plainly legible to the great Admiration of her Majesty the whole Privy-Council and several Ambassadors then at Court I think he was also the Inventer of the Art of Brachygraphy Cyfers and other Notae
be show'd ibid. House of Peers 158. Human Sacrifices abolished 24. Humors Doctrine of Humorists and Qualities 325 326 327 c. Vide Temperament Hungarians Character 315. I. JAMES vid. King Janus 5 38. Idols Popish 66. Jews Medals and Coins suspected 210 217. Their Frauds 217. V. Shekel Ilanders Characters 312 324. Images of Ancestors 64 67. Vid. Pictures Statues Libraries Imperial Medals 181. How long excelling in Workmanship 39 40. Their Rank in the Cabinet 249. How far they reach 249. Imperator 188 Vid. Emperors Impostors 198 201 209 210 216 c. Impressions of Coin and Money when first 6 14. Vide Mint Inanimats in Med. their Signification 60 61 67 68 c. Incantated Med. vid. Med. Inclinations discovered by the Countenance 303. Of several Nations 310 c. Regional Topical 318. Inscriptions 3 8 10 177 c. Hebrew Samaritan 18. Greek 189. Inscrip relating to no knowledge to be rejected 211. About Money 225. About the Theatre at Oxford 65. Should be concise 179 185. How alter'd 216 Mingled conterfeited corrupted 195 196 219. Should be modest not turgid and fastigious like the French 77 179 180 184. What proper 180 182 184. What they Discover of Antiquity 182. Modern Inscrip 208. Abbreviations 186 190 191 192. How to be read in Medals 189 190. and in different Languages 193 194 195. Vid. Legends Orthography Insects Ingenious more than greater Animals why 309. Images see Pictures Statues 67 68. Imperial Med. 181. Impostors 276. Inanimats 60 61. Inscriptions what they acquaint us with They should be Concise not Insolent or Boasting like the French 180 185. Modern Inscript 208. Intaglia 42. Invasions see Armada Inventors and Inventions how honoured 163. Inventors of Polycrests and things of Vse 164. What Medals due to them 167. Some enviously suffer their Talents to be lost and dye with them rather than to impart them 283. Iron Coin and Money 10 13. Iudgment upon outward Appearance only 310. Requires great Caution ibid. Instances remarkable 308 339 c. Julian Apostata judged by his Countenance and Miene 301 305. K. KING Name odious to the Romans why 183. Kings of England their Medals from Edw. Confessor Edw. III. Henr. V. VII VIII 21 86 87. Title Defender of the Faith Head of the Church 89. Edw. VI. defective of Medal King James IV. of Scotland Medal 88. King James I. of England 101 c. Charles I. and II. Medals 105 ad 126. James II. 148 c. King William III. Medal 156. Vid. Queen King's-Evil Med. 85. Kings and Emperors Painters 284. vid. Painters Kishitah 4. Knighthood and Military Order 15 16. Vid. Garter L. LADIES and Women Learned English and other Nations 264 265 c. Languages 193. Latin Greek Perfection and Decays 195. Laud Archbishop of Canterbury's Medal rejoycing at his Death at Rome why 114. Largess 15 16. Vid. Missilia Laurel 26 29 59. Vid. Crown Lawyers 262 275. and Laws 56. Leaden Money and Medals 12 23. Leather Money 10 11. Legenda 177 178 188. Vide Inscriptions Letters 279. How placed 187. Capital Uncial how altered and corrupted 195 196. Vid. Abbreviations Leiden Siege 11. Vid. Paper Money Libation 48. Libella 5. Library Medals necessary 1 2 19 244. The Royal Library at St. Jame's 246 247. Lilburn John Medal asserting Trials by Juries 171. Lines and Strokes in the Countenance 335. Lituus 63. London 162. Metropolis no Roman Colony 51. Conslagration and by whom fir'd 266. Looks 301. Vid. Aspect Face Countenance Luke St. 44. M. MAIORANA 7. Manuscript 2 247 278. Marmora Arundeliana 65. Marolle Abbot his Collection of Prints in Taille-Douce 289. Mary Queen of England setting up the Popish Mass 91. Med. repressing the Rebellion 92. Mass proved by antient Medal a ridiculous mistake 72. Massacre at Paris c. 25. Detested by honest and learned Papists 169. Mathematics and Mathematicians 166. 279 281 320. Maximilian Emperor received pay under Henry VIII 87. Mechanics 162. Mechanical Inventions 280 281 c. Natural to the Germans why 320. MEDALS 8 10. Name neglected 10 13. Antiquity 43 248. Erudition and great vse 49 69. In History Chronology c. by learned Persons cultivated 3 8 13 15 17. The most Authentic Records 243 248. Monuments surviving all Accidents and Revolutions 2 3 71 83 168 243 248. Acquaint us with the most signal Persons Families Actions and Exploits Wars Victories Triumphs Countries Colonies Cities Temples Deities Religion Laws Government Kings Consuls Emperors and other Magistrates c. 40 48 ad 198. Vid. Reverses Medals relating to several nations 18 19 20 21 23 210. On what occasion scatter'd among the People 15 19. Medals not to be struck on slight Subjects 289. Nor dishonoured with Railery or Boasting 24 25 42. Whether commonly in use as Money 8 85. More precious some of Copper than Gold and in what more Rare 8 13 15 39 202 213 238. Sizes 16 17 19. In what vast Quantity found 19 69 70 189. Of whom to enquire 199. And Places where 11 207. Many of the same Stamp 218. Roman Medals best worth Collecting why 39. How far the most valuable reach ibid. and 208. Medals without Heads 26. With Two or more 27 206. Men and Women in the same Medal ibid. Medals Incantated 42. Medals how best to collect understand and distinguish true and antient from false and to detect Cheats and Impostors 208 209 210 ad 221. Medals only of all Coins free from Clippers why 217. Who have the best furnished Cabinets of Medal 244 245 246 251. How far a Series may reach 212 248. Peter de Medices numerous Collection exceeding the French Kings long since 251. Medals Cast Moulded and Stampt 212 213 214. Sophisticated 238. Of the Vernish whether Artificial 212 217. Difficulty in meeting with genuine Medals 215. Fraud by burying Medals 217. Medals when in perfection for the Matter and Sculpture 200 238. When declining 9 10 20 40. And again Reviving 237 ad 241. Prints of Med. 243. Medalions 8 15 16 22. Contorniati 17. Made honorary Presents of to Princes Ambassadors Knights Commanders Doctors egregiously Learned deserving Persons and Officers c. 15 16 137 142. Medals and Money scatter'd among the People 15 19 55 91 97 101. How to take off the Impressions of Medals 219. Medals in Miniature 47. And Taille-Douce ibid. Qualities most requisite to a Student of Medals 240 251. Authors who have best written of Medal Erudition 241 245. How to dispose of Med. in the Cabinet after the best Method 247 ad 257. Vid. Cabinet Who ought to have the Charge and Custody of Medals and other Antiquities 255. Modern Medals too much neglected 157. What worth collecting 40 169. How far a Series of them may reach 208. Medals of King Charles I. Coronation Nuptials Relief of Rochel Expedition to and Return from Scotland Kienton Fight Martyrdom c. 105 ad 120. Natalitial of the Prince of Wales 121 123. Star appearing at Noon ibid. Natalitial Med. of Jacob. D. of York 144. Med. on the
World to which from all its Dominions the knowledge of the greatest and most renowned Actions came and were examin'd must needs be of the greatest Credit and Estimation I have only one more to mention highly deserving for what he has lately published on this Argument and that is the Learned Mr. Walker whose Book tho' printed some Years after this was first written might well have answer'd all that was necessary to the knowledge of this Science had not this been engag'd to the Stationer and in the Printer's Hands before There now remains those of the Modern whereof Luckius is one of the first who set forth his Sylloge of many Illustrious Persons of the last Century Typotius Molinet and Bossier Medals of the Popes Cardinals and Ecclesiasticks Iaques de Bie la France Metalic to him add the Iesuite Menestrier But none who have taken any considerable notice of Countries and States Comparable to what is wanting besides the Abbot Bizot and his Continuator in that of the Republic of Holland by a single instance and of which we have already given a large Account Some others there may be but these I suppose may suffice to furnish the Metalic Library and serve for Direction in the mean time as to the rest such as travel abroad will not neglect visiting the several Cimeliarcha and Repositories of those Noble Persons and others whose Curiosity and Genius has inclin'd them to to the Cultivation and Adornment of so gentile a Study and Diversion taking along with them the Advice and Directions of the Learned and Industrious Patin with Sir George Wheeler and Dr. Spon's Voyage into the Levant who has given the Publick an Account of the Royal Gazas and Pricely Treasures to be any where met with of this kind thro' all Europe For such Eminent Collectors have been Charles the Fifth Rudolphus and indeed all the German Emperors since to this Day Frederick King of Denmark Queen Christina of Sweden the late Charles Prince Elector Prince Leopold of Florence and all of the Medicean Family Ranuccio Farneze gathered by the Cardinal Alexander his Unkle the Cardinal C. Barberini the Counts Soderini de Maximis Mascardi Morosini and Garzoni Lazara at Rome Venice Verona Padoa c. as indeed ever great and learned Person in Italy who have to their Libraries Cabinets richly furnished with Medals and the like Antiquities So in France especially among the great Officers and Ministers of State not for Ostentation but some of them as Knowing as Curious such as Lomenie Count de Brienne Secretary of State Harlaeus Procurator General Chancellor Seguire the late Monsieur Colbert the Abbe Seguin with others innumerable which has caused the French King who is doubtless Master of the greatest and best Collection of Medals in Europe among other his indeed laudable Munificences for the encouragement and promoting of Letters to erect an Academy where the Medalists Autiquaries and Virtuosi meet and confer at his Palace of the Louvre Now albeit among our own Country-men we are but somewhat thin of Writers on this part of Erudition yet had we and still have many Worthy and Illustrious Persons both Knowing and Curious whose Collections have done Honor to themselves and to the Nation Thomas Earl of Arundel and Surrey Earl Marshal of England that Great Mecaenas of all the politer Arts and boundless Amasser of Antiquities had in that richly furnished Cabinet I mentioned as rich a Collection of Medals gathered by Daniel Nisum the like had the Great Duke of Buckingham the Marquis afterwards Duke Hamilton Sir William Paston Grandfather to the present Lord Yarmouth who I suppose is still in possession of them as of other his Choice Collection of Rarities Sir Simon Fanshaw of Ware Park Sir Thomas Hanmer of Hanmer whilst he lived my most worthy Friend the late Ralph Sheldon of Weston Esquire now in the Hands of his Virtuous Kinswoman Mrs. Frances Sheldon late Maid of Honor to the now Queen Dowager Iohn Harvey Esquire late Treasurer to her Majesty the Queen Dowager Sir Iames Long of Draicut Elias Ashmole Esquire both lately deceased and amongst our more liminently Learned Antiquaries Sir Robert Cotton Grandfather to the present Sir Iohn Cotton who persisting in the steps of that Illustrious Person is still augmenting the unvaluable Treasure of Medals and Manuscripts obliging the Learned World by his Generous Communication of what has been so left and is so improv'd by him What singular Use our Learned Cambden whom next I am to mention made of his Collection Notae ad Brit. Numis s to justify and adorn his Britannia is to be seen every where in that Glorious Work as also in that of Mr. Speed Add to these Sir Henry Savil and Spelman Sir Simon d Ewes our Learned Selden Sir Iohn Marsham Mr. Iohn Greaves Mr. Brerewood c. and at present living the Right Honourable Earl of Peterborough Dr. Sharp Archbishop of York the Right Honourable Sir William Trumbal late Ambassador at Constantinople and now Principal Secretary of State Sir Edward Sherburn my most Honoured Learned and Worthy Friend and now Old Fellow-Traveller Thomas Henshaw Esquire Abraham Hill Esquire Mr. Falkner Dr. Iohnson the Learned Mr. Laughton of Trinity-college in Cambridge inferior I am told to few Mr. Guillhard cum multis aliis And that even the Ladys may not be defrauded of the Honor due to the Favourers of this Noble Diversion the Lady Ann Boynton Daughter to Iohn late Earl of Rochester who I am told has not only made a Curious Collection of Medals but is herself very Knowing in them There are doubtless many others whom I have not the Honor of being known to and should have enrich'd this Catalogue with their Names and Merits always reserving a more distinguishing Recognition with infinite and particular Obligation to the present Earl of CLARENDON whose most ample Collection of the most Noble Medals and Glorious Medalions both for Number and Choice together with what of Modern he has contributed to the Type here exhibited is worthy the being reckoned amongst the most Illustrious and his Lordship for many other singular Favours to be ever mentioned by me with the greatest Regard Nor may I on this account forget Mr. Charleton of the Middle-Temple without signal Ingratitude and want of discernment who has besides a Glorious Collection and Universal Series of the Rarest Medals a Cabinet of other Natural and Artificial Curiosities far exceeding for Choice and Perfection any that I have met withal Abroad or believe will easily be found in Europe besides To which let me add not only his extraordinary Knowledge of the Treasure he possesses but the Obligingness and great Civility of a most Generous Person I conclude this Recension where indeed I ought to have begun when I mention'd the Great and most Illustrious Persons of England emulating the most celebrated Cabinets of the Greatest Princes of other Countries namely that Royal Collection of Medals at St. Iames's begun by that Magnanimous and Hopeful
Prince Henry and exceedingly augmented and improved by his Brother King Charles the Martyr from the Testimony of his own Learned Library-keeper Patrick Iunius in his Notes on St. Clement's Epistle to the Corinthians Quem locum speaking of St. Iames's si vicinam Pinacothecam Bibliothecae celeberrimae conjunctam Si NUMISMATA Antiqua Graeca ac Romana Si statuas Signa ex Aere Marmore consideres non immeritò Thesaurum Antiquitatis 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Instructissimum nominare potes c. To which add Car. Patin Famil Rom. that of another Learned Medalist Carolus Primus ille Magnae Britanniae Rex caeteris Europae Principes omnes hoc possessionum Genere vincebat which how at this Day impair'd and miserably imbezel'd not only by the Rebels during the late Civil Wars but even since thro' the Negligence of others is of deplorable Consideration if any hopes yet remain of its revival again to some tolerable degree of Lustre and Repair we must be oblig'd to the indefatigable Industry of the late Supervisor the obliging and universally Learned whilst he lived my excellent Friend and lately deceas'd Monsieur Iustel and from hence forward to the no less accomplish'd in all solid Learning and severer Studies Dr. Bentley his worthy Successor This for the Books and Manuscripts among which there are still many Choice and Inestimable Volumes besides the Famous and Venerable Alexandrian Greek Bible of St. Tecla but the Medals have been taken away and purloin'd by Thousands and irrecoverable Their late Majesties had yet a very rich and ample Collection which I well remember were put in Order and Methodiz'd by Mr. Ashmole soon after the Restauration of King Charles the Second which I hope and presume may be still in being and to be recovered Let none therefore reproach our Country look or speak despisingly of Medals those Immortales Chartae and Perennial Records as Pieces of Canker'd Brass and Rusty Copper without that Regard and Veneration due to Antiquity and what the greatest Emperors Kings and Famous Persons Knowing and Learned Men have honour'd and cultivated with so much Cost and Industry for the Public Good But as of old those who could shew the Heads and Busts of Renowned Ancestors let us rather call the Lovers and Improvers of this so Noble Study and with as much Right Homines multarum Inâ—iginum without reproach and being brought upon the Stage And now in the last place something should be said concerning the Method of Ranging Marshalling and Placing of this Learned Treasure In Order to this one may consider the several Sizes and Volumes those of the Grand Bronze or Maximi Moduli ever in the first place as excelling all the rest for the Excellency of the Relieve and Historical Reverse among which some yet thrust in those of a less Size and on the contrary according as they Fancy ranging the larger among the Medii aeris for the sake of a rare Otho Antoninus a Drusus or Germanicus every Size deriving its Estimation from the Learning and Instruction of the Reverse preferable to the Head and Effigies Those of the second and next Model take the next place as much more fruitful in variety of Reverses Greek and Latin Colonies c. than those of the first and those of the very least Size have their peculiar Value as they greatly serve to supply the Chasms and Interstices of the other two especially of the lower Empire A Series of the first Volume in aere magno as we long since noted hardly reaches below Posthumus and such as do are exceeding Rare and as meanly wrought But of the second Model the Collection is not difficult even as low as to the lowest Occidental Roman Empire and Oriental Paleologues or as far as down to Heraclius not but that there were more Medals of them but that Men did not care to enquire after things so wretchedly design'd A consequence of the small Copper and minimae formae is yet more common and easily procur'd to furnish the lower Empire even to the last of the Greeks but from Iulius Caesar where usually they did begin namely to the Posthumi 't is hard to compleat a Series and in a manner impossible from Theodosius to the Palaeologi without a mixture of Gold Silver and some ex aere Medio In short were it to be compassed one should chuse not to mingle Sizes or indeed any that were of different Metal But this is a Curiosity for Great Princes to accomplish and that with Difficulty too as well as Charge and therefore advisable to aim rather at a Series of either Species and Models by themselves and of what Metal soever in case of necessity with these Insertions as occasion offers and take them as they come to hand Augustus is common in all Volumes and Sizes so the Colonies in the middle Bronze for they struck no Medalions and are with others rare in the Greater and thus assisted by them all a Curious and Industrious Person may be Master of a very handsome Cabinet of Medals without any considerable Interruption from the Period of that Glorious and Renowned Commonwealth by the ambitious Iulius to almost the present Age and Justify the History of near Two Thousand Years which is more than any profane Historian or good Author extant pretends to do upon the score of his own Authority You now will ask in what Method it were best to place this Learned and Venerable Assembly Doubtless the most Natural according to their Antiquity and Chronology beginning with Heads and Effigies Now Heads as our Authors shew may be considered under Five Capacities As first Kings Greek and Latin in general or particular of which we have given us the History of some and of their Successors as in that Excellent Account of the Seleucian Potentates by Monsieur Vaillant Under this Head come in others of the Greek and even of the Iews Numidians Punic Parthian Armenian Arabs Spanish French Goths and Barbariaus all of them useful for Illustration in their turns After these the Cities Greek and Latin also as well before as after the Foundation of the Roman Empire to the number of above two Hundred only Greek Here enter those Colonies and Municipia which give such Light to the antient Geography Golzius the above named Vaillant and especially the very Learned Hardovin on Pliny may be consulted who gives us this Note That the Heads upon these Medals for some have none at all are either the Genius of the Place or some Deity which they had in Veneration there but of this I think I have spoken already Under the Third Head are ranked the Consular or Roman Families of which there be at present 1500 Medals The Head of Roma some Deity or Charrioted Victory on the Reverse did first appear upon their Money But after these which are not considerable for their Erudition entred the Monyers and their Relations who took their Liberty as did the Triumvirs and others to stamp what