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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A53222	America : being the latest, and most accurate description of the new vvorld containing the original of the inhabitants, and the remarkable voyages thither, the conquest of the vast empires of Mexico and Peru and other large provinces and territories : with the several European plantations in those parts : also their cities, fortresses, towns, temples, mountains, and rivers : their habits, customs, manners, and religions, their plants, beasts, birds, and serpents : with an appendix containing, besides several other considerable additions, a brief survey of what hath been discover'd of the unknown south-land and the arctick region : collected from most authentick authors, augmented with later observations, and adorn'd with maps and sculptures / by John Ogilby ...	Ogilby, John, 1600-1676.; Montanus, Arnoldus, 1625?-1683. Nieuwe en onbekende weereld.	1671 (1671)	Wing O165; ESTC R16958	774,956	643

himself to Avalon to inspect his Concerns there in Person from whence returning the same year he Embarqu'd himself again together with his Lady and all his Family except his eldest Son for Avalon the year following at which time there being then War between England and France he redeem'd above twenty Sail of English Ships which had been taken there that year by French Men of War whereof one Monsieur De la Rade had the chief Command and shortly after took six French Fishing Ships upon that Coast and sent them the same year with a great many French-men Prisoners into England Coming thence he left a Deputy there and continu'd the Plantation till his Death which was in April 1632. After whose Decease it descended of right to his Son and Heir Cecil now Lord Baltemore who thereupon sent one Captain William Hill as his Deputy thither to take possession thereof and to manage his Interest there for him Captain Hill according to his Commission shortly after repair'd thither and liv'd some years at the Lord Baltemore's House at Ferryland above mention'd In the thirteenth Year of King Charles the First of England c. about the Year of our Lord 1638. Marquess Hamilton Earl of Pembroke Sir David Kirk and others under pretence that the Lord Baltemore had deserted that Plantation obtain'd a Patent of all New-found Land wherein Avalon was included and shortly after dispossess'd the Lord Baltemore of his Mansion House in Ferryland and other Rights there and during the late Rebellion in England kept possession but His now Majesty King Charles the Second immediately after his most happy Restauration in the Year 1660 upon the now Lord Baltemore's Petition thought fit to refer the whole Matter to be Examin'd by Sir Orlando Bridgeman then Lord-Chief Justice now Lord-Keeper of the Great Seal of England and others to report the true state thereof to His Majesty together with their Opinions thereupon The Referrees accordingly upon full hearing of Council on both sides certifi'd That they conceiv'd the said Patent to Sir George Calvert to be a good Patent in force and not avoided by the later to Sir David Kirk and others and that the Title and Interest to the said Province did therefore belong to the Lord Baltemore Whereupon His Majesty on the twentieth of March in the same Year Order'd the Possession thereof to be re-deliver'd to his Lordship which was accordingly executed Since which time his Lordship has peaceably enjoy'd the possession thereof and continues the Plantation to this day by deputing Lieutenants there from time to time for the better Government of that Province the rest of New found Land remaining still to the aforesaid Proprietors claiming by the Patent of 13 Car. 1. The Commodities that are either by Art or Nature produc'd there are the same with those of the remainder of New-found Land The Winter there is extream cold the Summer very hot but withal pleasant and during that Season there is great plenty of Pasture for Cattel The Coast of this Province is very safe and as well furnish'd with variety of bold and pleasant Harbors as any other part of New-found Land where the English likewise Fish for Cod the lesser sort whereof is call'd Poor-John which is there caught in great abundance especially at Ferryland and in the Bay of Bulls Besides these two there are divers other excellent Harbors on the Eastern Shore of Avalon as Capling Bay Cape Broyle Brittus Isle of Spears Barrom Cove Whitburns Bay and Petit Harbour above mention'd On the West are the Bay of Placentia and several other good Harbors There are no Indians in Avalon and but few English by reason of the excessive Cold in Winter though Sir David Kirk and his Lady and also his Family liv'd in the Lord Baltemore's House at Ferryland for the space of ten years and upwards The Soil seems to promise great store of Mines which probably may in time be disover'd The late Lord Baltemore took accidentally a piece of Oar up that lay there upon the surface of the Earth and brought it with him into England which was found upon trial to yield a greater proportion of Silver than the Oar of Potosi in the West-Indies but hitherto no Mine of it hath been discover'd there The Trade of Fishing being of so great concernment to the Nation of England the same if it be well manag'd in this Island of Terra Nova will employ every year above two hundred Sail of English Ships and ten thousand Mariners besides the great benefit which may accrue unto the Nation by Imposition upon Strangers there which would amount to several thousands of Pounds per Annum with which those Coasts may be Guarded and Ships Trading thither secur'd besides the great Customs by the Ships call'd The Sacks being commonly in great numbers every year who carry Fish from New-found Land into the Straights France Portugal and Spain and who bring their Returns into England as Bullion and all other native Commodities of those Countreys If the Island were well fortifi'd we might Command all those of other Nations that come to Fish in New-found Land to pay Contribution in Fish or otherwise for their Priviledge to Fish there the said Island being first Planted by English and pertaining to the Kingdom of England or if occasion should require they might be utterly debarr'd of Fishing there The Trade of Fishing is of so great concernment to France Spain Portugal the Straights and other Parts that they cannot well be without that yearly Supply in Fish which comes from that Island Neither can the Hollanders Spaniards or Portuguese well set any Ships to the West-Indies without New-found Land Fish there being none that will endure to pass the Line sound and untainted but the Fish of that Countrey salted and dry'd there And so long as the Act continues still in force That no Fish be Transported from the said Island but in English Bottoms it will contribute very much to our encrease of Shipping there and by consequence of the employment of Mariners and the Fishing of that part of the Island will be solely appropriated to the English Nation to whom of right it belongs which will prove the greatest Ballance of Trade in that part of the World and that whereas above two hundred Sail do Trade thither yearly to Fish if a thousand Sail come if there be but Fisher-men enow they may all have Fraughtage there The French if once the Island be fortifi'd will be depriv'd of their Nursery of Mariners this being the onely place besides Canada and one or two adjacent Coasts where they come for supply of Fish with which that Nation cannot be furnish'd so well from other Parts By well Planting and Fortifying New-found Land the Trading to Virginia New England and those Parts would be much encourag'd New England having had of late great Traffick with New-found Land where they vend the Growth of their Plantation Besides New-found Land is a Key to the Gulf of

AMERICA AMERICA BEING THE LATEST AND MOST ACCURATE DESCRIPTION OF THE NEVV VVORLD CONTAINING The Original of the Inhabitants and the Remarkable Voyages thither THE CONQUEST OF THE VAST EMPIRES OF Mexico and Peru AND OTHER LARGE PROVINCES and TERRITORIES WITH THE SEVERAL EUROPEAN PLANTATIONS IN THOSE PARTS ALSO Their Cities Fortresses Towns Temples Mountains and Rivers Their Habits Customs Manners and Religions Their Plants Beasts Birds and Serpents WITH An APPENDIX containing besides several other considerable Additions a brief Survey of what hath been discover'd of the Vnknown South-Land and the Arctick Region Collected from most Authentick Authors Augmented with later Observations and Adorn'd with Maps and Sculptures by JOHN OGILBY Esq His Majesty's Cosmographer Geographick Printer and Master of the Revels in the Kingdom of IRELAND LONDON Printed by the Author and are to be had at his House in White Fryers M.DC.LXXI A Catalogue of the Authors which are either mention'd or made use of in this Volume of America ABraham Mellinus Abraham Mylius Adriaen vander Donk Aelian Albertus Magnus Aldrete Aelius Lampridius Alexander Aphrodiensis Alexander ab Alexandro Alexander Guaginus Alonso Garcia Alonso de Ouagli Andraeas Caesariensis Angrin Jonas Antonio de Herrera Apuleius Aristonicus Grammaticus Aristotle Athanasius Kircher Augustinus Augustin de Tarcate Augustus Thuanus Ayton of Armenia Balthazar de Amizquita Barnaba Cabo Bartholomaeo de las Casas Benjamin Tudalensis Caspar Barlaeus Castaldus Charles Rochfort Christopher Arcisseuski Cicero Claude de Abbeville Clemens Alexandrinus Conradus Gesner Cornelius Nepos Cornelius Witfleet Ctesias Curtius Cyrianus David Ingran David Powel Diodorus Siculus Dionysius Halicarnassaeus Dirk Ruiters Dithmar Blefken Duarte Mendez Seraon Egydius Fletcher Emanuel de Moraez Erasmus Stella Erick Roothaer Everhard Reid Eusebius Euthymius Zibagenus Festus Avienus Francisc Burmannus Francisc Delapuente Francisc de Gomara Francisc Lopes de Gomesa Francisc Raphelingius Francisc Soarez Francisc Tirolmonte Francisc Xaverius Fullerus Galenus Garcilasso de la Vega Genebrardus Gerardus Joannes Vossius Guido de Brez Guilielm Piso Guilielm Postellus Harmannus Moded Henrick Haelbos Henrick Hawks Hernando de Leon Herodotus Hesychius Hieronim Benzo Hieronim Cardanus Homer Hugo Grotius Hugo Linschot Jacob Bontius Jacob Planensis Jacob Rabbi Inca Garcilasso Joannes Ardenois Joannes Bertius Joannes Chilton Joannes Gysius Joannes Johnstonus Jean de Laet Joannes de Ledesma Joannes Leonclavius Joannes Lery Joannes Mariana Joannes Nieuwhof Joan. van de Sande Joseph Acosta Joseph Anchieta Joseph Scaliger Isaacus Pontanus Isaac du Verne Isidorus Mendes Sequera Julius Caesar Julius Caesar Scaliger Lactantius Lauren. Ananias Lauren. Bikker Lauren. Guascus Gerascius Lauren. Keymis Levinus Lemmius Lieven Aizma Lopez Vaz Lucan Lucretius Lodowick Leo Lysander Manethon Persa Marcus Zeno Martin del Barco Martin Perez Matthaeus van den Broeke Matthiolus Melchior Soiterus Mich. Lithower Michovius Miles Philips Moses Nicolaus Zeno Olympiodorus Paulus Venetus Pedro de Ancieta Pedro Pizarro Pedro Fernandez de Quir Pedro Maria Peter Martyr Pedro Ordonnes de Cevallos Peter van Gendt Philo Judaeus Philippus Cluverius Philippus Mornaeus Phylarchus Piere Moreau Pinedas Plato Pliny Plutarch Pomponius Mela Proclus Procopius Quarterius Rabbi Simeon Robertus Comtaeus Sam. Purchas Sebastiaen Schroten Simplicius Salust Sigismond Baro Strabo Theodosio Theopompus Thevet Tertullian Trigaut Vegetius Virgil THE CONTENTS of the several CHAPTERS and SECTIONS The first Book AMerica unknown to the Ancients Fol. 1 Of the Original of the Americans whence they came when how and from what People Planted Fol. 11 First Discoverers of America with Christopher Colonus his Expedition Fol. 43 Pedro Alphonso Nigno his Voyage Fol. 56 The Voyage of Vincent Agnes Pinzon Fol. 58 The Expedition of Americus Vesputius Fol. 60 The Expedition of Alphonso Fogeda Diego Nicuesa Ancisus and Roderick Col. menares Fol. 65 Peter Arias his Expedition and the remarkable Passages of Vascus Nunnez Fol. 69 The Expedition of Francisco Fernandez Lupo Caizedo Christophero Morantes Bernardo Igniguez and Juan Grisalva Fol. 76 The Expedition of Ferdinand Magaglian commonly call'd Magellan Fol. 79 Ferdinando Cortez his Voyage Fol. 81 Diego Gottierez his Expedition Fol. 92 The Expedition of Pedro Alvarado Francisco and Gonzalvo Pizarro and Diego de Almagro Fol. 95 The Expeditions of John Stade and Nicholas Durando Villegagnon Fol. 103 The Expedition of John Ribald Renatus Laudonier and Gurgie Fol. 105 Four English Expeditions under the Command of our famous Sea-Captains Martin Forbisher Sir Francis Drake Thomas Candish and John Smith Fol. 108 A Netherland Expedition by Jaques Mahu and Simon de Cordes Fol. 110 The Expedition of Oliver van Noord Fol. 113 The Expedition of George van Spilbergen Fol. 115 The Expedition of Corneliszoon Schouten and Jacob Le Maire Fol. 117 The Voyage of the Nassavian Fleet under the Command of Jaques le Heremite and Hugo Schapenham Fol. 120 Henry Brewer his Voyage Fol. 122 The Second Book OF the Bounds of America and of the Division of the Mexican or Northern part thereof Fol. 125 Estotiland Fol. 126 Terra Laboratoris Fol. 128 Canada or New France Fol. 129 Accadia or Nova Scotia Fol. 133 Norumbegua Fol. 138 New England Fol. 139 New Netherland now call'd New York Fol. 168 A new Description of Mary-Land Fol. 183 Virginia Fol. 192 The Relation of Captain Smith 's being taken Prisoner by Powhatan and his deliverance by his Daughter Pocahonta Fol. 202 Carolina Fol. 205 Florida Fol. 213 Jucatan Fol. 222 Guatimala Fol. 224 Vera Paz Fol. 227 Honduras Fol. 229 Nicaragua Fol. 232 Costarica Fol. 235 Veragua ibid. Guatimala properly so call'd ibid. The Kingdom of Mexico or New Spain Fol. 238 Mechoacan Fol. 261 Tlascalla Fol. 264 Guaxata Fol. 268 Panuco Fol. 270 Tabasco Fol. 273 New Gallicia Fol. 281 Guadalajara Fol. 284 Xalisco Fol. 285 Chiametla ibid. Couliacan Fol. 286 Cinoloa Fol. 288 Zacatecas Fol. 289 New Biscay Fol. 290 New Mexico Fol. 291 Cibola Tontonteac and Nova Granada Fol. 298 Quivira Fol. 301 Terra Nova or New-found Land with the Island of Assumption Fol. 304 The Bermudas or Summer-Islands Fol. 311 Hispaniola Fol. 314 Porto Rico and Monico Fol. 327 Cuba Fol. 331 Jamaica Fol. 337 The Islands call'd The Lucaies Fol. 344 The Caribbee-Islands Fol. 345 Anegada and Sombrero Fol. 362 Las Virgines Fol. 363 Anguilla ibid. Saba Fol. 364 St. Crux ibid. St. Martin Fol. 365 St. Bartholomew Fol. 367 Barboude Fol. 368 Rotonda ibid. Nevis ibid. Eustathius Fol. 369 Antego Fol. 370 Montserrat ibid. Guadalupe Fol. 371 Deseado Fol. 372 Marigalante ibid. Todos Sanctos Fol. 373 De Aves ibid. Dominico Fol. 375 Martinico Fol. 376 St. Lucia Fol. 377 Barbados ibid. St. Vincent Fol. 380 Bekia Fol. 381 Granada ibid. Tabago Fol. 382 St. Christophers Fol. 383 California Fol. 389 The Third Book CAstella Aurea otherwise call'd Terra Firma Fol. 394 Panama Fol. 395 Darien Fol. 399 New Andaluzia Fol. 400 St. Martha Fol. 403 Rio de la Hacha Fol. 405 New Granada Fol. 406 Granada Fol. 408 Popayana Fol. 409 Peru Fol. 412 Quito Fol. 441 Los Quixos Fol. 446 Lima

of Provisions and Lodgings those that were Landed expected nothing but Death till they found out a small Hut and in the same six brave Sheep and a good quantity of Potatoe Roots which serv'd for Bread But when this their new-found Store was almost spent they happily were fetch'd off by the Boat belonging to the Ship Amsterdam and with the whole Fleet came to an Anchor before Baldivia Baldivia a brave City This City built by the Castilians consisted formerly of five hundred and fifty fair Houses and was divided into Streets and cross Ways with two large Markets and as many costly Churches The Chileses unsufferably oppress'd slew all the Spanish Garrison and into the Governor's Mouth and Ears pour'd melted Gold of his Skull they made a Drinking-cup and of his Shin-bones Trumpets after this the City fell almost to decay onely a great part of the Wall remain'd yet standing The Chileans hereupon flock'd hither by thousands some on Horses others on Foot all Arm'd with Lances of a Foot long Herkman hereupon informing them by an Interpreter that they being mortal Enemies of the Spaniards would joyn with the Chileans against that common Foe and desir'd that they might build a Fort on the Market-place in Baldivia for a defence against all Invasions and that they might be supply'd with Provisions which the Fleet wanted all which the Chileans granted and accordingly brought in store of Sheep Hogs and Cattel But so soon as Herkman began to make the least mention of Gold they were all abash'd and said that they knew of no Gold Mines nay their Hair stood an end when they heard the name of Gold so horribly the Spaniards had dealt with their Parents Why the Chiloses grew strange to the Hollanders After this the Chileans growing more and more strange did not in the least countenance the building of the Fort and the longer the Fleet staid the less Provisions they brought aboard upon which the Ships were necessitated without any remarkable Exploits to set Sail and return to Reciffo The Second Book CONTAINING A DESCRIPTION OF Northern America CHAP. I. Of the Bounds of America and of the Division of the Mexican or Northern part thereof The Bounds and Division of Northern America HAving in the first Part of this Volume discours'd at large concerning the Original of the Americans and whether that part of the World call'd India Occidentalis or America were known to the Ancients or own its Discovery wholly to the Moderns as also of all the Discoveries that have been made of the several parts thereof and by whom we shall now pass on to the Topographical part describing every particular Province or Region by giving an Account of their Situation Temperature Productions Nature of the Soil and Quality of the Inhabitants America lying Westward of the Azores and the Worlds Meridian is by some suppos'd to consist of one vast Island and several lesser ones scatter'd about it Nor can this Supposition be thought improbable if as many think it be environ'd with Sea on the North side as towards the East South and West it is known to be East by the Atlantick Ocean South by the Magellanick Straight and West by Mare del Zur But because the North-West Passage though attempted by many as Nelson Davis Forbisher Button Smith Hudson and others hath not yet been fully discover'd by any so that it is not certainly known whether America be joyn'd to Groenland and the Arctick Region by a continu'd Tract of Land or sever'd by the Ocean we shall follow the method of those Geographers who reputed sufficiently authentick have divided this New World into Islands and two grand Peninsula's joyn'd together by an Isthmus or Neck of Land call'd The Straight of Darien by some The Straight of Panama lying almost under the Equinoctial Line and extending in length from Nombre de Dios Southward above a hundred English Miles and from East to West seventeen Miles over in the narrowest place Of these two grand Peninsula's the Northern is generally call'd America Mexicana from Mexico the chief City of the Province properly call'd Mexicana which without doubt was heretofore the most potent rich and flourishing of all the Kingdoms of the Indians at least on the North side of the Isthmus In the Division of the several Provinces of America as well those of the Northern as of the Southern Continent we find so various an Account among the several Geographers that have written of them not any two of them agreeing in one and the same order that to reconcile the differing methods of so many disagreeing Authors would be an endless Work wherefore we shall pitch upon the surest course and not omitting the mention of any of the Provinces taken notice of by the said Authors hereby endeavor to take in whatsoever material hath been observ'd by all of them and by the way take occasion to shew how one differs from another in the distribution of them Those therefore of the Northern America that as near as can be we may bring many into one seem most fitly describ'd in this following order 1. Estotiland 2. Terra Laboratoris or Nova Britannia 3. Canada or Nova Francia 4. Nova Scotia 5. Norumbegua 6. New England 7. New Netherland now call'd New York as being in the possession of the English 8. Mary-Land 9. Apalchen now call'd Virginia 10. Carolina 11. Florida 12. Jucatan 13. Guatimala containing Chiapa Vera Paz Honduras Nicaragua Costarica Veragua Guatimala properly so call'd 14. The Kingdom of Mexico or New Spain containing the Arch-bishoprick of Mexico Mechoacan Tlascalla Guaxata Panuco Tabasco 15. New Gallicia containing Guadalajara Xalisco Chiametla Couliacan Cinoloa Zacatecas 16. New Biscay 17. New Mexico 18. Cibola wherein are mention'd Tontonteac and Nova Granada 19. Quivira to which by most Authors is added California which being an Island we thought fit to reserve to be spoken of among the Islands as also Terra Nova or New-found Land which last lies utmost East as the other West of Northern America Some there are also and particularly Monsieur De Martini who among the above-mention'd Provinces have inserted Groenland though doubtless with little reason since should it be granted that it is not divided by any Sea yet it is evident if any credit may be given to all modern Maps and Globes that the greatest part of Groenland lies in the Hemisphere of the known World and therefore we have judg'd it most convenient to refer the particular mention thereof to the Description of the Arctick Region The Islands of Northern America are 1. Terra Nova or New-found Land 2. The Island of Assumption 3. The Bermudas or Summer-Islands 4. Hispaniola 5. St. John Porto Rico. 6. Cuba 7. Jamaica 8. The Lucayes 9. The Caribbees being twenty eight in number 10. The Isles of Sotavento 11. Trinidado and 12. California the biggest of all the American Islands The Extent and Circumference of the West-Indies The length of the West-Indies is

live without the help of any other Countrey for their Clothing for Tradesmen there are none but live happily there as Carpenters Blacksmiths Masons Taylors Weavers Shoemakers Tanners Brickmakers and so any other Trade Them that have no Trade betake themselves to Husbandry get Land of their own and live exceeding well We shall conclude our Discourse of this Countrey with a notable Character given thereof by a late Writer as to the great advantage of happy living in all respects for whosoever shall be pleas'd to betake himself thither to live The Character of a happy Countrey IF there be any terrestrial happiness saith he to be had by any People especially of an inferior rank it must certainly be here Here any one may furnish himself with Land and live Rent-free yea with such a quantity of Land that he may weary himself with walking over his Fields of Corn and all sorts of Grain and let his Stock amount to some hundreds he needs not fear there want of Pasture in the Summer or Fodder in the Winter the Woods affording sufficient supply where you have Grass as high as a Man's Knees nay as high as his Waste interlac'd with Pea-Vines and other Weeds that Cattel much delight in as much as a Man can pass through And these Woods also every Mile or half-Mile are furnish'd with fresh Ponds Brooks or Rivers where all sorts of Cattel during the heat of the day do quench their thirst and cool themselves These Brooks and Rivers being inviron'd of each side with several sorts of Trees and Grape-Vines Arbor-like interchanging places and croding these Rivers do shade and shelter them from the scorching beams of the Sun Such as by their utmost Labors can scarcely get a Living may here procure Inheritances of Lands and Possessions stock themselves with all sorts of Cattel enjoy the benefit of them whilst they live and leave them to their Children when they die Here you need not trouble the Shambles for Meat nor Bakers and Brewers for Beer and Bread nor run to a Linnen-Draper for a supply every one making their own Linnen and a great part of their woollen Cloth for their ordinary wearing And how prodigal if I may so say hath Nature been to furnish this Countrey with all sorts of wild Beasts and Fowl which every one hath an interest in and may Hunt at his pleasure where besides the pleasure in Hunting he may furnish his House with excellent fat Venison Turkies Geese Heath-hens Cranes Swans Ducks Pigeons and the like and wearied with that he may go a Fishing where the Rivers are so furnish'd that he may supply himself with Fish before he can leave off the Recreation Here one may travel by Land upon the same Continent hundreds of Miles and pass through Towns and Villages and never hear the least complaint for want nor hear any ask him for a Farthing Here one may lodge in the Fields and Woods travel from one end of the Countrey to another with as much security as if he were lock'd within his own Chamber And if one chance to meet with an Indian Town they shall give him the best Entertainment they have and upon his desire direct him on his Way But that which adds happiness to all the rest is the healthfulness of the Place where many People in twenty years time never know what Sickness is where they look upon it as a great Mortality if two or three die out of a Town in a years time Besides the sweetness of the Air the Countrey it self sends forth such a fragrant smell that it may be perceiv'd at Sea before they can make the Land No evil Fog or Vapor doth any sooner appear but a North-West or Westerly Wind immediately dissolves it and drives it away Moreover you shall scarce see a House but the South-side is begirt with Hives of Bees which increase after an incredible manner So that if there be any terrestrial Canaan 't is surely here where the Land floweth with Milk and Honey Noua TERRA-MARIAE tabula This Northerne part of Virginia the limitts whereof extend farther Southwards is heere inserted for the better description of the entrance into the Bay of Chesapeack A NEW DESCRIPTION OF MARY-LAND SECT III. BEfore We proceed to the Description of this Countrey it will be first requisite to relate the true occasion and means whereby this part of America came to be erected into a Province and call'd Mary-land In the Year of our Lord 1631. George Lord Baltimore obtain'd of King Charles the First of Great Brittain c. a Grant of that part of America first discover'd by the English which lies between the Degrees of thirty seven and fifty Minutes or thereabouts and forty of Northerly Latitude which is bounded on the South by Virginia on the North by New England and New Jersey The situation part of New York lying on the East side of Delaware Bay on the East by the Ocean and on the West by that part of the Continent which lies in the Longitude of the first Fountains of the River call'd Patomeck In pursuance of this Grant to his said Lordship a Bill was prepar'd and brought to His Majesty to Sign who first ask'd his Lordship what he should call it there being a Blank in the Bill designedly left for the Name which his Lordship intended should have been Crescentia but his Lordship leaving it to His Majesty to give it a Name the King propos'd to have it call'd Terra-Mariae in English Mary-land in honor of his Queen whose Name was Mary which was concluded on and inserted into the Bill which the King then Sign'd and thereby the said Tract of Land was erected into a Province by that Name His Lordship somewhat delaying the speedy passing of it under the Great Seal of England dy'd in the interim before the said Patent was perfected whereupon a Patent of the said Province was shortly afterwards pass'd to his Son and Heir who was Christen'd by the Name of Coecil but afterwards confirm'd by the Name of Coecilius the now Lord Baltemore under the Great Seal of England bearing Date June 20. 1632. in the eighth Year of His said Majesties Reign with all Royal Jurisdictions and Prerogatives both Military and Civil in the said Province as Power to Enact Laws Power of pardoning all manner of Offences Power to confer Honors c. to be held of His said Majesty His Heirs and Successors Kings of England in common Soccage as of His Majesties Honor of Windsor in the County of Berks in England yielding and paying yearly for the same to His Majesty and to His Heirs and Successors for ever two Indian Arrows of those parts at the Castle of Windsor aforesaid on Tuesday in Easter Week and the fifth part of all Gold and Silver Oar which shall happen to be found in the said Province The Bounds By the said Patent is Granted to his Lorship his Heirs and Assigns all that part of a Peninsula lying

extent mention'd in the beginning The first Colony to be undertaken by certain Knights Gentlemen and Merchants in and about the City of London The second to be undertaken and advanc'd by certain Knights Gentlemen and Merchants and their Associates in or about the City of Bristol Exon Plymouth and other parts At the first Colonies Request in the seventh year of the same King a second Patent was Granted to several Noblemen and Gentlemen including Sir Thomas Gates and some of his former Fellow-Patentees bearing Date May 23. 1610. whereby they were made a Corporation and Body Politique and stil'd The Treasurer and Company of Adventurers and Planters of the City of London for the first Colony of Virginia And by this Patent there was Granted to them their Successors and Assigns two hundred Miles to the Southward from a Cape of Land in Virginia call'd Point Comfort and two hundred Miles to the Northward of the said Cape along the Sea-shore and into the Land from Sea to Sea And on March 12. 1612. the said King in the ninth year of his Reign Grants them a third Patent of all Islands lying in the Sea within two hundred Miles of the Shore of that Tract of Land on the Continent granted to them by the said former Patent Jac. 7. In the Year 1615. Captain Smith procur'd by his Interest at Court and the King's Favor a Recommendation from His Majesty and divers of the Nobility to all Cities and Corporations to Adventure in a standing Lottery which was erected for the benefit of this Plantation which was contriv'd in such a manner that of 100000. Pounds which was to be put in 50000. onely or one half was to return to the Adventurers according as the Prizes fell out and the other half to be dispos'd of for the Promotion of the Affairs of Virginia in which though it were three years before it was fully accomplish'd he had in the end no bad Success In the eighteenth Year of the said King's Reign at the Request of the second Colony a Patent was Granted to several Noblemen and Gentlemen of all that Tract of Land lying in the parts of America between the Degrees of forty and forty eight of Northerly Latitude and into the Land from Sea to Sea which was call'd by the Patent New England in America For the better Government whereof one Body-Politick and Corporate was thereby appointed and ordain'd in Plymouth consisting of the said Noblemen Gentlemen and others to the number of forty Persons by the Name of The Council establish'd at Plymouth in the County of Devon for the Planting Ruling Ordering and Governing of New England im America The Patent of Virginia made void The Miscarriages and Misdemeanors of the aforesaid Corporation for the first Colony of Virginia were so many and so great that His said Majesty was forc'd in or about October 1623. to direct a Quo Warranto for the calling in of that former Patent which in Trinity Term following was legally Evinc'd Condemn'd and made Void by Judgment in the Court of the then Kings-Bench as also all other Patents by which the said Corporation claim'd any Interest in Virginia Thus this Corporation of the first Colony of Virginia was dissolv'd and that Plantation hath been since Govern'd and Dispos'd of by Persons Constituted and Impower'd for that purpose from time to time by immediate Commissions from the Kings of England The Patent of Mary-land granted to the Lord Baltem re In the Year of our Lord 1631. the Right Honorable George Lord Baltemore obtain'd a Grant of King Charles the First of Great Britain c. of part of that Land to the Northward which is now call'd Mary-land but this Patent of Mary-land was not perfected till 1632. as you may understand more fully by the precedent Discourse of Mary-land which by express words in the said Patent is separated from and thereby declar'd not to be reputed for the future any part of Virginia The Patent Carolina granted to several Noble Persons And in the fifteenth Year of the Reign of King Charles the Second of Great Britain c. on March 24. 1663. Edward Earl of Clarendon then High-Chancellor of England George Duke of Albemarle William now Earl of Craven John Lord Berkley Anthony Lord Ashley Sir George Carterett Knight and Baronet Sir William Berkley Knight and Sir John Colleton Knight and Baronet obtain'd a Patent from His Majesty of the Province of Carolina which lies to the Southward of Virginia in which is included some part of that Land which formerly belong'd to the said dissolv'd Company of Virginia So that Virginia at present extendeth it self onely and is situated between thirty six and thirty seven Degrees and fifty Minutes or thereabouts of Northern Latitude and is bounded on the North by Mary-land on the South by Carolina on the East by the Ocean and on the West by the South-Seas The Entrance by Sea into this Countrey is the same with that of Mary-land between Cape Henry and Cape Charles plac'd on each side of the Mouth of the Bay of Chesapeak Rivers of Virginia on the West side whereof you first meet with a pleasant and commodious River call'd James-River about three Miles wide at its Entrance and Navigable a hundred and fifty Fourteen Miles from this River Northward lies York-River which is Navigable sixty or seventy Miles but with Ketches and small Barques thirty or forty Miles farther Passing hence to the North you discover a third stately River call'd Rappahanock which is Navigable about a hundred and thirty Miles from whence following the Shore to the North you enter into Patomeck-River which is already describ'd in the precedent Discourse of Mary-land to which Province this River belongs whose Southerly Bank gives Bounds to that part of Virginia and Mary-land To these Rivers many other Inland Branches and Rivulets are reduc'd the chief of which are hereafter specifi'd Nature of the Countrey The Countrey is generally even the Soil fruitful the Climate healthful and agreeable with English Constitutions especially since the increase of Inhabitants and accommodation of good Diet and Lodging which the first Planters found great want of heretofore For many years till of late most New-comer● had the first Year in July and August a Disease which is call'd A Seasoning whereof many died like to what is mention'd before in the Description of Mary-land though more mortal and common than in Mary-land because Virgina is a lower Countrey and somewhat hotter insomuch that formerly divers ill of that Distemper have come purposely from Virginia to Mary-land to recover their Health but now since the Countrey is more open and clear from Wood few die of it and many have no Seasonings at all This Countrey affordeth generally all such Roots Herbs Gums and Balsoms as are express'd before in the Relation of Mary-land All sorts of Trees for Building and Husbandry Trees Fruit-Trees Vines c. are found in both Countreys equal in goodness

whose Principles not being corrupted with Learning and Distinction are contented to follow the Dictates of right Reason which Nature has sufficiently taught all Men for the well ordering of their Actions and enjoyment and preservation of humane Society who do not give themselves up to be amus'd and deceiv'd by insignificant Terms and minding what is just and right seek not Evasions in the Niceties and Fallacies of Words Carolina granted by Patent to several Noble Persons by His Majesty The same is to be said of the first discovery of this Countrey as hath been formerly said of Virginia and Florida of both which it partakes but as to the present Interest and Propriety the English besides all Virginia intirely have also so much of Florida as makes up this considerable Province of Carolina which soon after the happy Restauration of His present Majesty King Charles II. from whom it receives Denomination was granted by Patent to Edward Earl of Clarendon L. Chancellor of England George Duke of Albemarle William Earl of Craven John Lord Berkley Anthony Lord Ashley Sir George Carteret Vice-Chamberlain of His Majesty's Houshold Sir William Berkley Knight and Baronet and Sir John Colleton Knight and Baronet The Lords-Proprietors of this Countrey for the better Settlement of it according to their Patent granted unto them by His Majesty and for the enlargement of the King's Dominions in those parts of America have been at great Charge to secure this so rich and advantageous a Countrey to the Crown of England to whom of ancient Right by the Discovery of Sir Sebastian Cabott in the time of Henry the Seventh it doth belong and for its Situation Fertility Neighborhood to our other Plantations and several other Conveniences of too valuable consideration to be negligently lost By the Care therefore and Endeavors of those Great Men Their care for Setling and Improving of this Plantation it hath now two considerable Colonies Planted in it the one of Albemarle on the North side bordering on Virginia where are some hundreds of English Families remov'd thither from New England and some of our other Plantations in the West-Indies and another towards the middle of the Countrey at Charles-Town or Ashley-River a Settlement so hopeful for the healthiness of the Land and convenience of access by a large deep Navigable River and so promising in its very Infancy that many of the rich Inhabitants of Barbados and Bermudas who are now crowded up in those flourishing Islands and many in our other American Plantations are turning their Eyes and Thoughts this way and have already remov'd part of their Stock and Servants thither Nor is it to be doubted but that many following the Example of those who went to Albemarle will be drawn to this better Plantation at Ashley-River from New-England where the heat of their Zeal and the coldness of the Air doth not agree with every Man's Constitution and therefore it is to be thought that many well temper'd Men who are not much at ease under such Extreams will be forward to remove hither Fair Terms propos'd to whomsoever shall remove thither The Lords-Proprietors for the comfortable subsistence and future enrichment of all those who shall this Year 1671. Transport themselves and Servants thither allow every Man a hundred Acres per Head for himself his Wife Children and Servants he carries thither to him and his Heirs for ever paying onely one Peny an Acre as a Chief-Rent which Peny an Acre is not to be paid these nineteen years and those Servants who go along thither with their Masters shall each also have a hundred Acres upon the same Terms when he is out of his Time But though these Conditions are very advantageous and the Countrey promises to the Planter Health Plenty and Riches at a cheap Rate yet there is one thing that makes this Plantation more valuable than all these and that is the secure possession of all these things with as great certainty as the state of humane Affairs and the transient things of this Life are capable of in a well continu'd Form of Government wherein it is made every Man's Interest to preserve the Rights of his Neighbor with his own and those who have the greatest Power have it limited to the Service of the Countrey the Good and Welfare whereof whilest they preserve and promote they cannot miss of their own the Lords Proprietors having no other aim than to be the greatest Men in a Countrey where every one may be happy if it be not his own fault it being almost as uncomfortable and much more unsafe to be Lord over than Companion of a miserable unhappy and discontented Society of Men. With this Design the Lords-Proprietors who are at great Charge for carrying on this Plantation have put the framing of a Government into the Hands of one whose Parts and Experience in Affairs of State are universally agreed on and who is by all Men allow'd to know what is convenient for the right ordering Men in Society and setling a Government upon such Foundations as may be equal safe and lasting and to this hath a Soul large enough to wish well to Mankind and to desire that all the People where he hath to do might be happy My Lord Ashley therefore by the consent of his Brethren the rest of the Lords Proprietors hath drawn up to their general satisfaction some fundamental Constitutions which are since by their joynt approbation confirm'd to be the Model and Form of Government in the Province of Carolina the main Design and Ballance thereof according to the best of my memory having had a Copy thereof in short is as followeth The Model drawn up by the Lord Ashley for the Government of Carolina 1. EVery County is to consist of forty square Plots each containing twelve thousand Acres Of these square Plots each of the Proprietors is to have one which is to be call'd a Signiory Eight more of these square Plots are to be divided amongst the three Noble-men of that County viz. a Landgrave who is to have four of them and two Casiques who are to have each of them two apiece and these square Plots belonging to the Nobility are to be call'd Baronies The other twenty four square Plots call'd Colonies are to be the Possession of the People And this Method is to be observ'd in the Planting and Setting out of the whole Countrey so that one Fifth of the Land is to be in the Proprietors one Fifth in the Nobility and three Fifths in the People 2. The Signories and Baronies that is the hereditary Lands belonging to the Proprietors and Nobility are all entirely to descend to their Heirs with the Dignity without power of alienation more than for three Lives or one and twenty years or two Thirds of their Signiories and Baronies and the rest to be Demesne 3. There will be also some Mannors in the Colonies but none less than three thousand Acres in a Piece which like the