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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
england_n	earl_n	lord_n	suffolk_n	3,467	5	12.4904	5	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A54597	Fleta minor the laws of art and nature, in knowing, judging, assaying, fining, refining and inlarging the bodies of confin'd metals : in two parts : the first contains assays of Lazarus Erckern, chief prover, or assay-master general of the empire of Germany, in V. books, orinally written by him in the Teutonick language and now translated into English ; the second contains essays on metallick words, as a dictionary to many pleasing discourses, by Sir John Pettus ... ; illustrated with 44 sculptures.; Beschreibung aller fürnemisten mineralishcen Ertzt- und Berckwercksarten. English	Ercker, Lazarus, d. 1594.; Pettus, John, Sir, 1613-1690.	1683 (1683)	Wing P1906; ESTC R5570	316,186	522

S. John Pettus of Suffolk Knt. 1641 One of the Dep ty Governors of the Mines Royall 1651. Auratus Infletatus 1679. AEt 70. 1683 R. White sculp Honestus at Pie AGRM FLETA MINOR THE LAWS OF ART and NATURE IN Knowing Judging Assaying Fining Refining and Inlarging the BODIES of confin'd METALS In Two Parts The First contains ASSAYS of Lazarus Erckern Chief Prover or Assay-Master General of the Empire of Germany in V. Books originally written by him in the Teutonick Language and now translated into English The Second contains ESSAYS on Metallick Words as a DICTIONARY to many pleasing DISCOURSES By Sir John Pettus of Suffolk K t. Of the Society for the MINES ROYAL Illustrated with 44 Sculptures Mal. 3. 3. Numb 31. 31. Jehovah Chimista Supremus Carolus D. G. Secundus LONDON Printed for the Author by Thomas Dawks his Majesty's British Printer at the West-end of Thames-street 1683. Collegium Emmanuelis Cantabrigiae TO THE Kings most Excellent MAJESTY SIR THE Materials of this Book are derived from your Majesties undoubted Prerogative to the Mines in your Dominions of which Metals are made Of them Moneys And then honoured with your Majesties Superscription And so by a Christian Circulation the Possessors do or ought to render to Caesar the things which are Caesar's Thus Your Majesty hath a double Right to the Mines and to the Products of the Chimical Art by which Metals are fitted for their Journey to Publick Commerce Herein I humbly offer my Endeavours to assist their motions and onely to refresh your Majesties Memory not to inform Your Knowledg for as 't is hinted in the Title Page Your Majesty is in the Science of Chimistry as in all Sciences of Humanity Nulli Secundus These Perfections are evident in Your Majesties publick and private Elaboratories from which pure Justice and pleasing Arts and Sciences are communicated to Your Subjects In these I have observed Your Majesties particular respects to Chimistry of an Vniversal Extent and thereupon I resolved to transplant this German Twig of L. Erckern on that Subject into Your Majesties Nursery and Humbly Dedicate it to Your Majesty with my Additionals and also Humbly crave your Acceptance as an encouragement to my further Progress in serving Your Majesty with more Fruits but at present it is to shew That I am intent in promoting the Services I owe Your Majesty as well with my sedentary Passive Pen as before with my personal Active Duty having upon some significant occasions had the Honour to be known to Your Majesty near Forty Years Now Great Sir Wherein I am incapacitated to express my Duty for want of Ability of Mind or Body or secular Fortunes they shall be supplied by my constant Prayers for Your Majesties Health Happiness and Serenity in Your Government being Feb. 26. 82 3 Your Majesties most Obedient and Humble Subject JOHN PETTVS To the Right Honourable George Marquess Earl Viscount Hallifax and Baron of Eland Lord Privy Seal and one of His Majesties most Honourable Privy Councel and Governour of the Society of the Mines Royal and Battery Works My Lord YOur Lordships free acceptance of the Government of the Mines Royal hath encouraged me to add it to your Titles and I hope without the least disparagement to your other Honours deservedly conferred upon your Lordship by His Majesty It is a Trust of great Concern and I doubt not but it will be so managed by your Lordship and of Honour too as it hath been always esteemed for not to trouble your Lordship with very Antient Records I find that King Edward the Fourth did make Richard Earl of Warwick who soon after was made one of the Governors of this Kingdom during its Troubles and John Earl of Northumberland his Guardians and Governors jointly of all his Mines in England and King Henry the Seventh made Jasper Duke of Bedford and other Earls and Lords his Guardians also of all the Mines in England adding Wales And Queen Elisabeth in the 10th of her Reign did form the Government thereof into Societies by the Names of Governors Deputy-Governors and Assistants for the Mines Royal and Battery-Works and then made Sir Nicholas Bacon Lord Keeper and other eminent persons her Governors for England and Wales adding those within the English Pale in Ireland which Government did continue Successively to the Earl of Pembrook and others for some Years and after his late Highness Prince Rupert was made a Governour and your Lordship to our contentment doth succeed him Now my Lord As for my self I have been one of the Deputy Governors for above 30 Years and do think my self obliged in point of Gratitude to the late Governours and present Members who were pleased unanimously to order a Contribution to the Charge of this Book and for some former Favours to endeavour the advancing of their Concerns especially now we have the Honour to be under your Lordships Regiment and therefore as an Introduction to my real Intents I not only publish this but by some Additionals I shall study to make the Government more advantagious to the Society and much more to His Majesty and even to other Proprietors of Mines wherein I have sat still some Years because I found that I should be obstructed by some who studied the advance of themselves more than His Majestics Revenues which I do not aim to do by any Oppressing Method or projecting Humour for I hate it but by an honest just way and I hope not displeasing to any but such as nothing will please And these I shall in due time communicate to your Lordship being so confident of your Lordships great Abilities join'd with your perfect Loyalty to your King and Love to your Country that your Lordship will not approve of any thing that I shall offer if it agrees not with your Lordships sound Judgment and deep Wisdom for which all who knows your Lordship have an high value and particularly Your Lordships most humble and obliged Servant JOHN PETTUS To the Noble and Honoured Subscribers and Contributers to this BOOK My Lords and Gentlemen I Did design to have publish't your Names in a way that should have more fully manifested your Favours and my Acknowledgments but this Book extending to above 50 sheets more than I design'd or at first proposed took up my limited time so as I must respit that intention for I have not done with this Subject intending not to trouble you or my self with Subscriptions but such as have Subscribed to this shall have notice when the next is ready and if they approve of this so well as to take the next from me it will be an additional Obligation to me for I am prepared to go through the Body of this ART upon these Reasons First That it contains the Grounds and Maxims of most admirable Speculations and next That I may divulge their chifest and most curious Experiments and Practicks Now that which incited me to this was occasioned from hence That having caused Erckern's

durable than those which are done with oyl or gums l. 2. c. 4. s 1. see Nealing AMONIACK see Armoniak ANTIMONY T. Speiz and Speiz-glass which is properly Glass made of Antimony L. Stibium and it is also called by some Mineralists Red Lion Wolf and Proteus in respect of its various qualities It is a heavy bright Oar like Lead but more speizy and porous and less ponderous and some give it the name of white stone or imperfect Metal because they say it is the beginner or producer of Silver or Lead and the extracts made out of it are of singular Virtues of which his late Highness Prince Ruperts red drops were chimically made and given with good success for most Diseases l. 4. c. 17. AQUA FORTIS which for brevity is printed Fort. T. Scheid-wasser called by Lat. Chimists Aqua separatoria and is a composition of Nitre and Vitriol c. and this liquor is used for dissolving and separating Gold and Silver and hath many other excellent properties as may be collected from the 5 Books l. 2. c. 16. to c. 34. AQUA regis is a water made of Aqua fort and other compositions and is of a more strong and corrosive nature than aqua for t and it is observable the aqua for t is a specifick for silver and this aqua regis for gold for it will touch only gold and not silver l. 2. c. 28. Aqua argentea see Quick silver and metals Aqua Vitrioli see Vitriol and minerals Aqua dulcis see common water Aqua fontis see Spring water ARGOL T. Weinstein L. Tartarum and in English Tartar or the Lees of Wine which sticks to the sides of wine-Vessels hard and dry like a crust and therefore sometimes called Argol-stone from its compacted hardness and this is of great use in metallick Operations l. 1. c. 10. s 17. and other places l. 1. See Feces ARITHMATICK T. Rechenkunst L. Arithmatica the Art of Numbring or Reckoning according to the T. and this Art of all others is the most assisting to the Metallick Science in judging of the goodness of Metals after Fining and Refining them l. 1. c. 1. ARMENICK See Armoniack ARMONIACK T. gives it the Latine Name Bolus Armeni and we Bole Armoniack and I find these words of kin both in their Orthography and Pronuntiation viz. Amoniack Armenick and Armoniack The first Pliny tell us l. 24. is a Gum which he calls Gumma Amoniaci of a glutinous nature like other Gums and so may be used for Metallick Vessels The second viz. Armenick I find the word Sal always joyned with it and so called Sal Armenicus and this Salt was antiently accounted a natural Salt but that being now unknown to us we use the Armenicus which is made of the Vrine of Elephants or Camels as 't is said boyled to a Lixivium or Salt and called Sal Armenius or Armeniacus and this is of great use for purifying and refining of Metals To the third Armoniacus the word Bole is added I suppose for distinction sake Pliny c. 35. mentions a Stone which he calls Lapis Armeni of which he counts several sorts but the best of those he saith are of a blew colour and calls it verd de Azure being of great price and esteem with Painters but the common Armoniack he calls Synoper and we Synople from a City of that name where it was plentiful and 't is probable this is the same which we call Bole Armoniack being of a reddish colour and this is oft used by our Author and for distinction the word Gum is put to the first Salt to the other and Bolus to this which I write to prevent Errors in Medicines or Metallick Experiments l. 2. c. 20. ARSNICK T. Arsenick L. Auripigmentum We Orpine or Orpiment and commonly Rats-Bain being used to kill Rats of Arsnick there are two sorts yellow and red which some by mistake esteem to be red Oker Pliny l. 34. saith it is of the same substance with Sandarack and inclines to that Colour the best of which saith he resembleth Gold and therefore I suppose called yellow orpiment There is also a white or Christalline Arsnick which is compounded of Salt and the yellow Orpiment so becomes transparent like Christal and from thence is made the white Rats-bane and it may be observ'd this white consists of two parts viz. a crusty or external part and a Christaline or internal part and this makes metal brickle the other solid and of the Regulus of this mineral a good metal may be made l. 1. c. 14. s 1. See Sulphur ASHES T. Ashen L. Ciner A. Ashes and these are made so by the power of Fire from metals minerals stones bones earth and wood which puts me in mind of those trees which plentifully grows in England call'd Ashes T. Esschen or Asschen-Baum quod optimos cerneres efficiant Minslaw but the L. calls it Fraxinus and of this Ashen-wood I have seen the great effects of it at Yarmouth and Laistoff in Suffolk for with this wood and no other they dry their Herrings which is a profitable commodity to them and it seems that the Salt and drying Vapours of that Wood do cure for so is their term their Herrings of all malignities and doubtless that wood is most proper where it is to be used for dissolving metals and the ashes of it rather than any other for metallick uses except Bone-ashes and especially for Salt-Petre which is the Subject of the 5th Book l. 2. c. 20. s 5. See Dust Bone-Ashes Pulveration c. ASSAYER T. Probirer L. Probator A. Assayer or Tryer. To ASSAY T. Probiren L. Probare Which we call also to Assay Prove or Try Metals all intending the same thing though different in Dialect but there is another Word of the like signification which is written with an E. as Essayer and to Essay c. both are rendred by Dictionarys to Try L. Tentare Probare Now I think some have committed an Error herein and ought to have made a more clear distinction for I take Assaying to have relation only to things of Weight as Metals c. from the word As or Assis which signifies a pound Weight or 12 Ounces or the whole of any substance which may be divided into parts and especially applicable to the greatest or smallest Coins that are made of any Metal which many times were and still are of Copper or Brass which the L. call Aes and thereupon I suppose it is sometimes writ Essaying without a diphthong and so confounded these two words in their applications and to confirm my just distinction of them We read in the Stat. of H. 6. c. 12. that the Kings Officer of the Mint who as the Statute saith is indifferently appointed between the Master of the Mint and the Merchant which brings Silver thither to be minted is called the King's Assayer and not Essayer and in the Records Assaisiator not Essaisiator See Goldman 's Dict. And some latin Records render it metallorum prebendorum

home when I remained in London during the great Plague in 1666. Dr. Glisson famous in his time being my old Friend and Acquaintance perswaded me to take a piece of his constant Antidote which was only the Dung of one that had dyed of the Plague dryed and so kept in a foraminous Box for the best Antidotical Perfume but I thank God I escaped without it and let us but consider of the great Virtue of the Dung of Geese Ducks Peacocks Dogs generally known and used it were worth the while to make a Collection of them from Johnson's Natural History of Quadrupedes c. and it may very well compleat a large Book of those useful Experiments especially if a little variety from Pliny be admitted so I will conclude with this Direction That Stone-Horse-Dung is of certain and known Virtues in curing scaldings scorchings or burnings by hot Metals if quickly applied to the part grieved DUCCATE T. Duckat L. ducalis aureus A certain Gold Coin which was first coyn'd in Rome Anno 547. and afterwards it began to be used in other Places and so called because it had the Image of a Duke that is some eminent Leader of an Army à ducendo and worth about 6 s. 8 d. English now 9 s. Holiock This Coyn was held formerly the best Gold but now it is much adulterated so as Goldsmiths are very careful in receiving them DUST T. Staub L. Pulvis See Pouder Ashes Pulverising EA E EA EARTH T. Erd L. Terra A. Earth from the Saxon Now in every Territory there are differences of Earth so there are accounted sixty eight sorts but of those which are esteemed the best in England which other Nations make use of more than our selves some of them are rather lapidious than fragile as yellow Oker of which I have seen a Pit or Quarry in Mr. Whorewood's grounds at Halton in Oxford-shire also red Oker which some call Marking-stone in many places and both of these are improved by artificial Okers and of Fullers Earth there is store and very good in a Lordship of the Earl of Bedford's near Oburn-Abby also in Sir John Warren's ground in Suffolk and in many other parts of England of which the Dutch make good use though there is a Law to the contrary As for Chalk which is burnt into Lime and White Earth for Dishes there is very good in a Mannor of the Lord Abergaveny's near Norwich in Norfolk and Potters-Clay for Pots and Marl in most Counties with which they manure and much improve their Grounds also earth for making Brick and Tile for Houses c. of which there is plenty in most Counties and commonly they burn to a red Colour but there is a sort of Brick-Earth in many parts of Suffolk and Norfolk and in other Counties which burn white and are more lasting and durable than the red and these other Countries borrows from us and we borrow from them the Terra Sigillata Terra Lemnia and Terra Armenia and many more of great use and Virtue but that which is common to us all is Sand and this is particularly used for those Ovens which are called Sand-Ovens Sculpture II. and XXIV for separating Metals Now these have their several Names and Natures as Pit-Sand drift-Sand Sea-Sand c. which may be experimented in Chimical Operations viz. what kind of Sand is most proper for Metals and what for Mortar c. But before I pass this Discourse I cannot but speak of the Sands at Icklingham in Suffolk yet spreading into Norfolk having their rise from an Hole in that Village therefore they are called Icklingham-Sands or rather Mowing's Sands but their Motion is different from all others for these do not move but by a Western Wind and then they go East and lie still and compact in any other Wind and yet it hath walk'd from thence above Eight Miles to Brandon and Downham two Towns East of it covering the ground at least a foot deep for more than a Mile in breadth and whilst the ground is so covered it produceth not the least sprig of any green thing Now Brandon and Downham are two Towns scituate on Suffolk-side by the edge of the river Ouse which runs from Thetford to Lyn-Regis and the Inhabitants did make very high Banks to defend their Meadows and to prevent the stopping up of the River so that you might see good Meadow-ground on the East-side of the Bank worth 20 s. an Acre and on the West-side sandy ground the Inheritance not worth two pence an Acre to be sold But the Inhabitants being not able to defend their River or Meadows any longer left the Sands to act their pleasure and then they fairly march'd over the River and are gone about three miles into Norfolk still keeping the same point of motion Now whether this proceeds from any extraordinary attraction of the Sun or inclination of the Sands to the Sea-shoar by way of sympathy being about twenty miles East-ward I shall leave it to further Consideration and my reason of writing this was that in sand Ovens for Metals the different sorts might be tryed some being of a very fresh and some of a very salt and others of a very dry Nature And I cannot but further observe that the Western parts do as much admire at the Eastern sandy Grounds producing pregnant Crops as we at their mountainous Crops both having their Fertility from the artificial and laborious Mixtures of other Earths with their stones and sands see Sculpture XLI Clay Sand c. EGG T. Eye L. Ovum l. 1. p. 20. this word hath as much difference in our Neighbouring Languages as any I meet with and therefore I shall set them down the Greeks call it Ooen the Saxons Eghe the Belgick Eye like the Teut the French Oeuf the Italian Novo the Spanish Huevo c. In the Egg there are three parts the white the yolk and the tredle the white of an Egg is called in L. Albumen T. Eyeclar and by Pliny Ovi Albus Liquor and this is called Eye clar from the bright spots in it by whose delatation the Coliquamentum which is made from it is stiled by that Learned Dr. Harvy the Oculus or Eye of the Egg agreeable to the German word Eye the Yolk is called in T. Totter L. Vitellus from Vita the Treddle is called Chalazae There is little use in Metallick matters of the Yolk or Chalaze but our Author often mentions the use of the white of Eggs as a chief Ingredient for Lutings But upon this occasion of writing of Eggs I am put in mind of a Camelion which was bestowed on me by Mr. Fasset an Eminent and Honest Chyrurgion which was sent him out of the East Indies and with it the very Stalk and Cluster of small Eggs as they were in the Body and one Egg in its full proportion as white as Pullets Eggs and as big considering the proportion this Egg from the Camelion was a perfect round shell whereas Hens