Armie led by the Illustrious and victorious Prince Alexander Farnesius Duke of Parma and Deputie of the Catholike King with all the forces they can gather that they may assist the said depriuation and punishment of the parties afore said and the restitution of the holy Catholike Religion declaring that all which shall show themselues disobedient to this Mandate shall not escape deserued punishments Be it knowne further to all men that it is not the purpose of his Holinesse the Catholike King or the said Dukes Highnesse in this Expedition to oppresse the said Kingdomes or thereof to make conquest or to alter the Lawes Priuiledges or Customes thereof or to depriue any man there of his libertie or life except the rebellious and contumacious or to bring any change besides that which shall be iudged fit by common voyces of his Holinesse the Catholike Maiesty and the States of that Kingdome to the restoring and continuing of the Catholike Religion and the punishment of that Usurper and her adherents Certifying and securing all that all controuersies which may happen by the depriuation of that Woman whether they shall arise about priuate mens affaires or about the Royall Succession or betwixt the Clergy and Laity or whatsoeuer other discords they shall be all compounded and decided according to the Lawes Iustice and Christian equitie without any iniury or damage Neither shall it onely bee prouided conueniently that the Catholikes which haue suffered so many euills be not spoyled but fauour is also granted to all others which being penitent shall submit themselues vnto the Chiefe Commander of the Army And whereas by due information made wee are giuen to vnderstand that there are many innocents which through ignorance of Christian Faith hauing falne haue hitherto erred onely of ignorance being neuerthelesse reckoned amongst Heretikes wee purpose not at all to punish such persons but to inâ—ure patiently till by conference of learned men and good sound counsells they may be better instructed touching the truth and not shew themselues obstinate but desirous to preuent the effusion of Christian bloud and destruction of Countries which may be expected by the resistance of some wicked principall aduersaries Therefore by these Presents wee declare that it is not onely lawfull for all as well publike as priuate persons besides those which haue vndertaken this Expedition to lay band on the said Vsurper and other her adherents to take them and deliuer them to the Catholike side but also this deed shall bee esteemed of vs for a faithfull and singular seruice and shall be recompenced with very great rewards according to the qualitie of the persons taken or betrayed All others also which heretofore haue giuen ayde or shall hereafter assist to the punishment of the euill and the restitution of Catholike Religion in those Kingdomes shall receiue their reward and recompence increased by vs in Dignities and Honours as their good and faithfull seruice to the Common-wealth shall desire Wherein as much as may be care shall be had that reckoning and respect be holden of the antient and honourable Houses and Stockes of the said Kingdomes Lastly free accesse and safe conduct by these Presents is granted to all men which will ioyne themselues to the Catholike Armie and will bring thereto prouision furniture of warre and other necessaries full and liberall satisfaction is promised for all things which for the seruice and commoditie of the said Armie shall be supplied by them And all are admonished and plainly commanded that they doe their vtmost indeuour and diligence that by their meanes cause may bee remoued of vsing force in punishing those which shall neglect this Precept Further more the Holy Father in his fatherly loue and singular affection to this Expedition out of the Spirituall Treasure of the holy Church which is committed to his custody and dispensation doth liberally grant plenary Indulgences and remission of Sins to all those which shall bring any aid or fauour to the depriuation and punishing of the said persons and the reformation of both Kingdomes to wit after due penance Contrition and Confession had according to the Lawes of God and Men and the receiued custome amongst Christians NOw that all might bee carried more closely and that this Expedition might seeme made against the Low-countries rather then the English a solemne meeting was appointed first neer Ostend after at Bronckburg in Flanders for a treaty of peace with the Queene of England Henry Earle of Derby the Lord Cobham Sir Iames Croft D. Dale D. Rogers were sent Richardot plainly said that he knew not what might be put in practise in the meane time against England But the Prince and he being demanded if their were any enterprise of inuading England they vtterly denied any thoughts therof Count Aremberg Campignie Richardot Maes Garnier were the Princes Delegates and professed that they had sufficient Commission for treaty of peace First a truce was propounded by the English and by them â—eâ—â—ed Then the English required that the ancient leagues betwixt the Kings of England and the House of Burgundy might be renewed and confirmed that the Low-countrimen might iniov their priuiledges and libertie of conscience that Spaniards and forraine forces might be remoued that neither they nor their neighbours should haue cause to feare and then the Queene would redeliuer her foure Cautionary Townes They whiled them with such answere as suted to their purposes and long adoe was made in weauing and vnweauing Penelopes web till the Spanish Armada was vpon the Coast and the very Ordnance proclaimed in their eares a surcease from further illusions Then did Parma dismisse them pulled off his Visor vncasing the Fox and truly appearing in the Lions skin But let vs now come to take view of this Fleet and the preparations made for it The King of Spaine hauing with small fruit aboue twenty yeeres together waged warre against the Netherlands after deliberation with his Counsellours thereabout thought it most conuenient to assault them once again by Sea which had bin attempted sundry times heretofore but not with forces sufficient Vnto the which expedition it stood him now in hand to ioine great puissance as hauing the English people his professed enemies whose Iland is so situate that it may either greatly helpe or hinder all such as faile into those parts For which cause he thought good first of all to inuade England being perswaded by his Secretary Escouedo and by diuers other well experienced Spaniards and Dutchmen and by many English fugitiues that the conquest of that Iland was lesse difficult then the conquest of Holland and Zealand Moreouer the Spaniards were of opinion that it would be farre more behoouefull for their King to conquer England and the Low countries all at once then to bee constrained continually to maintaine a warlike Nauie to defend his East and West Indie Fleets from the English Drake and from such like valiant enemies And for the same purpose the King
that as throwes of a grieuous trauell they brought forth a Virgin both Truth to the Church and Queene to the State the one a fruitfull Mother to the soules the other to the wealth honour domesticke peace forraine victories and Nauall glorie of the English Nation This renowned Queene eight and thirty yeeres after vnable to alter that decree of the windes which now seemed themselues and forced Calis to become Spanish would try their windy fidelity in another expedition and prepared a strong Fleet to inuade the Spanish coast The charge whereof she committed to the Lord Robert Earle of Essex and the Lord Charles Howard Lord high Admirall of England who came vnto Plymmouth about the beginning of May 1596. being there accompanied with diuers other noble Peeres as the Earle of Sussex the Lord Thomas Howard the Lord Herbert the Lord Warden Sir Walter Raleigh the Lord Marshall Sir Francis Vere the Lord Burk Don Christopher yong Prince of Portugall yong Count Lodouick of Nassaw and the Admirall of the Hollanders Sir Iohn Vanderfoord besides many other most worthy Knights and Gentlemen of great worth attending vpon this most honorable Action It pleased them there to make their aboade for the time of that moneth aswell for the new furnishing and reuictualing of her Maiesties Royall Nauie as also for the expecting of some other ships which were to come from diuers places of the Realme and were as yet wanting Before their departure from Plymmouth it pleased their Lordships to publish in Print and make knowne to all the world especially to such as it concerned and that both in the Latine French Dutch English and Spanish tongue what were the true iust and vrgent causes that at this time prouoked her Maiestie to vndertake the preparing and setting forth of this so great a Nauie namely the King of Spaines preparations against her who had before whiles hee treated of peace Anno 1588. prepared to inuade her coast and now also to that purpose daily encreased his Nauie If therefore any should furnish the Spaniard with munition and prouisions they should expect what force could doe for all others of whatsoeuer Nation they aduised them to forsake the Spanish and Portugall Ports or to ioyne with the English for their owne security they hauing no quarrell in this designe but against the Spaniard Thus then all things being in a very good order and well appointed the most holy name of our Omnipotent God being most religiously and deuoutly called vpon ' and his blessed and sacred Communion being diuers times most reuerently and publikely celebrated being furnished with one hundred and fiftie good saile of ships or thereabout In the name of the most high and euerliuing God the first day of Iune they embarked themselues weighed Ancre and hoysed vp faile and put to Sea onward their iourney from the Sownds of Plymmouth to shew her Maiesties religious intendments in this exploit I haue thought good to adde here a Prayer made by her selfe as was reported and vsed as it was fitted for that designe MOst Omnipotent maker and guide of all our worlds masse that eâ—ely searchest and fadomest the bottome of all our hearts conceits and in them seest the true originals of all our actions intended thou that by thy foresight doest truely discerne how no malice of reuenge nor quittance of iniurie nor desire of bloudshed nor greedinesse of lucre hath bred the resolution of our nâ—w set out Army but a heedefull care and wary watch that no neglect of fees nor ouer-suretie of harme might breede either danger to vs or glory to them these being the grounds wherewith thou doest enspire the minde we humbly beseech thee with bended knees prosper the worke and with best forewindes guide the iourney speede the victory and make the returne the aduancement of thy glory the triumph of their f 〈…〉 e and surety to the Realme with the least losse of the English bloud To these deuout petitions Lord giue thou thy blessed grant The ninth of the same moneth comming something neere to the North Cape in a manner in the same altitude or not much differing which was about 43. degrees and something more yet bearing so as it was impossible to be descried from the land There it pleased the Lords to call a select Councell which was alwaies done by hanging out of a Flagge of the Armes of England and shooting off a great warning peece Of this select or priuie Counsell were no moe then these The two Lords Generall the Lord Thomas Howard the Lord Warden Sir Walter Raleigh the Lord Marshall Sir Francis Vere Sir George Cary Master of the Ordnance Sir Coniers Clifford and Sir Anthony Ashley Clarke of the said Counsell And when it pleased the Lords Generall to call a common Counsell as of tentimes they did vpon weighty matters best knowne to their honours then they would cause another kinde of Flag to be hanged out which was the red Crosse of S. George and was very easie to be discerned from the other that appertained onely to the select Counsell and so often as this Flag of S. George was hanged out then came all the Masters and Captaines of all the ships whose opinions were to be demanded in such matters as appertained vnto the said select Counsell It was presently concluded that our course in sailing should forthwith be altered and that we should beare more into the West for some purposes to them best knowne At that instant many Letters of instructions were addressed and sent to euery particular Master and Captaine of the Ships What the contents of those Letters of instructions were it was not as yet knowne vnto any neither was it held meete to be enquired or knowne of any of vs. But vnder the titles and superscriptions of euery mans particuler Letter these words were endorsed Open not these Letters on paine of your liues vnlesse wee chance to be scattered by tempest and in that case open them and execute the contents thereof but if by mishap you fall into your enemies hand then in any case cast them into the Sea sealed as they are It should seeme that these Letters did containe in them the principall place and meaning of this entended action which was hitherto by their deepe foresights kept so secret as no man to my knowledge eiâ—her did or could so much as suspect it more then themselues who had the onely managing thereof All this while our ships God be thanked kept in a most excellent good order being deuided into fiue squadrons that is to say The Earle of Essex the Lord Admirall the Lord Thomas Howard the Lord Warden Sir Walter Raleigh and the Admirall of the Hollanders All which squadrons albeit they did euery day separate themselues of purpose by the distance of certaine leagues as well to looke out for such ships as were happily vnder saile as also for the better procuring of Sea-roome yet alwayes commonly either that day or the next day toward euening they
to seeke the Portugall Christians out and peaceably to put my selfe into their hands Hereupon the Gouernor and his assistants consulted and concluded together that I should be committed to the house of Antonio de Payue there remaine vntill they might write into Portugall to know the Kings pleasure concerning me Within one yeare they receiued answer from Lisbon concerning me that I should be forth comming and that hereafter the King would send further order for my transporting into Portugall But aboue two yeares passed before this order came In which meane space first I spent part of my time in going into the fields as ouerseer of my friends Negros and Sauages in their planting and dressing of their Sugar Canes and in planting of Gingers which grow there exceeding well but is a forbidden trade to be transported out for hindering of other places and in cutting downe of Brasil-wood and in bringing it downe by Riuers vpon rafts vnto the Port where the Ships doe lade it and in seeing them gather their Cotten wooll and picking the seedes out of it and packing the same and in gathering of the long Pepper both white and red After I had spent some yeare and an halfe in this businesse my friend Antonio de Payue hauing a small Barke of his owne which he employed in carrying of wares from Port to Port and for bringing of Sugars to places where Ships should lade vsed me knowing I had bin brought vp to the Sea in these his businesses Our first Voyage was to Ilheos where we left some wares and staied there some moneth then we went to Puerto Seguro and there tooke in some Sugars for Linnen Cloath Bayes Wine and Oyle Then returning home shortly after we were set forth againe in the same Barke to Spirito Sancto and Saint Vincent and the Riuer Ienero where discharging our wares to certaine Factors and receiuing Sugars and Cotten Wooll aboord we returned safely home In my first Voyage one Master Dauid Leake an English Surgeon lost there out of an English Shippe in the Countrie being much sought for because of his skill had passage with vs from Bahia to Spirito Sancto Vpon my returne of my second voyage my good friend Antonio de Payue aduertised me that a Shippe was shortly to arriue there to carry me into Portugall prisoner telling me that he should not be able any longer to helpe me and therefore wished me to looke to my selfe but kindely offered me his helpe to conuay me away whereupon I tooke his Boate and foure of his Negros pretending to goe on fishing to the Sea and so of purpose going much to Leeward of the place I put in to Feruambuc where the Negroes being examined whence we came and for what cause being vtterly ignorant of mine intent answered that they were drawn thither by force of weather and for their Masters sake were well intreated and returned home with the next winde my selfe remaining secretly behinde them Within certaine moneths there came thither a Hulke with eight English men and foureteene Portugals who after some three moneths had laden the same with English and Portugall goods to come for England The English goods belonged to M. Cordal M. Beecher and M. Sadler worshipfull Merchants of the Citie of London which had bin left in the Countrie before by the Merchant Royall Thus passing homeward in our course as far as the Iles of the Açores within sight of the I le of Pike being fiue Portugall Ships in consort we met with Cap. Raymond and Cap. George Drake of Exeter with two English Ships of warre who because the peace betweene England and Spaine was broken the yeare before commanded vs to yeelde our selues to them as their lawfull prises which we did al fiue accordingly without any resistance But by contrary weather we were driuen into Baltimore in Ireland and within a while after we arriued in the narrow Seas in the hauen of Chichister in the end of Nouember 1586. nine yeares and foureteene dayes after my departure out of England with Sir Francis Drake in his Voyage about the World My strange aduentures and long liuing among cruell Sauages being known to the right honorable the Lord Charles Howard Lord high Admirall of England he certified the Queenes Maiesty thereof with speede and brought me to her presence at White-hall where it pleased her to talke with me a long houres space of my trauailes and wonderfull escape and among other things of the manner of M. Dowties execution and afterward bestowed 22. angels on me willing my Lord to haue consideration of me with many gracious words I was dismissed humbly thanking the Almighty for my miraculous preseruation and safe returne into my natiue Countrie To the Reader HEre maâ—st thou read that dismall and fatall voyage of Master Thomas Candish in which he consummated his earthly peregrination In the former voyage of his which amongst our Circumâ—auigations of the Globe we haue presented thee thou findest a perpetuall Sunshine no man euer hauing in neere so little time compassed that huge circumference or taken his choise of so much more wealth then he could bring home or reuisited his natiue soile with greater pompe and triumph The clearest day hath a night nor doth Summer last alway the Sea hath his â—bbing as well as flowing the Aire hath calmes and stormes the Moone â—â—deth sometimes the Suns lustre from vs by her interposition sometimes is her selfe meerely darkened by the Earths shadow And if the Elements Seasons and Heauens two Eyes be subiect to such vicissitâ—des what is this little mâ—lchill of earth this modell of clay this moueable circumference of constant inconstancie immutable mutability this vanishing centre of diuersified vanitie which we call Man that herein also he should not resemble this samplar of the vniuerse as becommeth a littls map to be like that larger Prototype This we see all and feele daily in our selues this in Master Candish here in Sir Francis Drakes before the Seas two darlings there and thence both liuing and dying if dissolution of the body may be called a death where the soule arriueth in heauen the name fils the earth the deedes are presidents to posteritie and England their Countrie hath the glory alone that she hath brought forth two illustrious Captaâ—â—es and Generals which haue fortunately embraced the round waste of their vaste mother without waste of life reputation and substance yea victorious ouer elements and enemies illustrious in wealth and honour they haue comne home like the Sunne in a Summers day seeming greatest neerest his euening home the whole skie entertaining and welcoming him in festiuall scarless and displayed colours of triumph No Nation else hath yeelded one which in all these respects may be matchable Magalianes hath left himselfe odious to his Portugals for offered seruice to the Spaniard and like Phaeton thinking with Phebus his Chariot to compasse the World perished mid-way Midway was
of this their imployment sent presently his Messengers to Captaine Smith to signifie it was not his fault to detayne them nor hinder his men from executing his command nor did hee nor would he mayntaine them or any to occasion his displeasure But ere this businesse was brought to a point God hauing seene our misery sufficient sent in Captaine Argall to fish for Sturgeon with a ship well furnished with Wine and Bisket which though it was not sent vs such were our occasions we tooke it at a price but left him sufficient to returne for England still dissembling Valdo his villany but certainly he had not escaped had the President continued Notwithstanding this Valdo comming for England pretending to the Company what rich Mynes he had found for which he was verie much fauoured rewarded and respected but returning with the Lord La-ware he could not performe any thing hee promised and thus also hauing coozened them all died both basely and miserably For the rest of his Consorts vpon the arriuall of the Lord La-ware whom they highly recommended to Powhatan promising what great wonders they would worke with his Lordship would he giue them leaue to goe to him but when he saw they would be gone he replied as you would haue betrayed Captaine Smith to me so will you me to this Lord for you that would be so false to him cannot be true to me so caused his men to beat out their braines as the Sauages reported to diuers that came from thence TO redresse those iarres and ill proceedings the Councell in England altered the gouernment and deuolued the authoritie to the Lord De-la-ware Who for his Deputie sent Sir Thomas Gales and Sir George Somers with nine ships and fiue hundred persons they set saile from England in May 1609. a small Catch perished at Sea in a Herycano The Admirall with 150. men with the two Knights and their new Commission their Bils of loading with all manner of directions and the most part of their prouision arriued not With the other seuen as Captaines arriued Ratliffe whose right name was Sickelmore Martin and Archer Who as they had beene troublesome at Sea began againe to marre all ashore For though as is said they were formerly deposed and sent for England yet now returning againe graced by the title of Captaines of the passengers seeing the Admirall wanting and great probabilitie of her losse strengthned themselues with those new Companies so railing and exclayming against Captaine Smith that they mortally hated him ere euer they saw him Who vnderstanding by his Scowts the arriuall of such a fleet little dreaming of any such supply supposing them Spaniards he so determined and ordered his affaires as we little feared their arriuall nor the successe of our incounter nor were the Sauages any way negligent or vnwilling to aide and assist vs with their best power had it so beene we had beene happy For we would not haue trusted them but as our foes whereas receiuing those as our Countrimen and friends they did their best to murder our President to surprize the store the Fort and our Lodgings to vsurpe the gouernment and make vs all their seruants and slaues to our owne merit To a thousand mischiefes those lewd Captaines led this lewd company wherein were many vnruly Gallants packed thether by their friends to escape ill Destinies and those would dispose and determine of the gouernment sometimes one the next day another to day the old Commission to morrow the new the next day by neither In fine they would rule all or ruine all yet in Charitie wee must endure them thus to destroy vs or by correcting their follies haue brought the Worlds censure vpon vs to haue beene guiltie of their blouds Happie had we beene had they neuer arriued and wee for euer abandoned and as wee were left to our fortunes for on Earth was neuer more confusion or misery then their factions occasioned The President seeing the desire those Braues had to rule seeing how his authoritie was so vnexpectedly changed would willingly haue left all and returned for England but seeing there was small hope this new Commission would arriue longer hee would not suffer those factious spirits to proceed It would be too tedious too strange and almost incredible should I particularly relate the infinite dangers plots and practises hee daily escaped amongst this factious crue the chiefe whereof hee quickly laid by the heeles till his leasure better serued to doe them Iustice and to take away all occasions of further mischiefe Master Percie had his request granted to returne for England and Master West with one hundred and twentie went to plant at the Falls Martin with neere as many to Nansamund with their due proportions of all prouisions according to their numbers Now the Presidents yeere being neere expired he made Martin President who knowing his owne insufficieâ—cie and the Companies scorne and conceit of his vnworthinesse within three houres resigned it againe to Captaine Smith and at Nansamund thus proceeded The people being Contributors vsed him kindly yet such was his iealous feare and cowardize in the midst of his mirth he did surprize this poore naked King with his Monuments Houses and the I le hee inhabited and there fortified himselfe but so apparantly distracted with feare as imboldned the Sauages to assault him kill his men redeeme their King gather and carrie away more then one thousand bushels of Corne he not once daring to intercept them But sent to the President then at the Falls for thirtie good shot which from Iames Towne immediatly were sent him but he so well imployed them as they did iust nothing but returned complayning of his childishnesse that with them fled from his company and so left them to their fortunes Master West hauing seated his men at the Falls presently returned to reuisit Iames Towne the President met him by the way as hee followed him to the Falls where hee found this Company inconsiderately seated in a place not only subiect to the Riuers inundation but round inuironed with many intollerable inconueniences For remedy whereof hee sent presently to Powhatan to sell him the place called Powhatan promising to defend him against the Monacans and these should be his conditions with his people to resigne him the Fort and Houses and all that Countrey for a proportion of Copper that all stealing offenders should bee sent him there to receiue their punishment that euery House as a custome should pay him a bushell of Corne for an inch square of Copper and a proportion of Poâ—ones as a yeerely Tribute to King Iames for their protection as a dutie what else they could spare to barter at their best discretion But both this excellent place and those good conditions did those furies refuse contemning both him his kinde care and authoritie the worst they could to shew their spight they did I doe more then wonder to thinke how only with fiue men
little tasted of those great proportions for their prouisions as they of our miseries that notwithstanding euer swayd and ouerruled the businesse though wee did liue as is said three yeeres chiefly of what this good Countrey naturally affordeth yet now had wee beene in Paradice it selfe with those Gouernours it would not haue beene much better with vs yet were there some amongst vs who had they had the gouernment would surely haue kept vs from those extreamities of miseries that in ten dayes more would haue supplanted vs all by death Thus you see the miserable ends of those vsurping Commanders for all their greatnesse Oratory and long being there and what is the want of owne man in Authoritie that is honest and valiant discreet and industrious and how easily that may also be blemished by ambitious indiscretion or what did binder them now in his absence they had not done much better then hee hauing all these aduantages But God that would not it should bee vnplanted sent Sir Thomas Gates and Sir George Summers with one hundred and fiftie men most happily preserued by the Bermudas to preserue vs. But when those noble Knights did see our miseries being strangers in the Countrey and could vnderstand no more of the cause but by their coniecture of our clamours and complaints of accusing or excusing one another they imbarked vs with themselues with the best meanes they could and abandoning Iames Towne set saile for England But yet God would not so haue it for ere wee left the Riuer wee met the Lord de-la-ware then gouernour of the Countrey with three Ships exceeding well furnished with all necessaries fitting who againe returned them to the abandoned Iames Towne the ninth of Iune 1610. accompanied with Sir Ferdinando Waiâ—â—an and diuers other Gentlemen of sort Sir George Sommers and Captaine Argall he presently dispatcheth to repaire to the Bermudas to furnish them with prouision Sir Thomas Gates for England to helpe forward their supplies himselfe neglected not the best was in his power for the furtherance of the businesse and regaining what was lost But euen in the beginning of his proceedings his Lordship had such an incounter that after eight months sicknesse he was forced to saue his life by his returne for England In this time Argall not finding the Bermudas hauing lost Sir George Sâ—mers at sea fell on the coast of Sagadahock where refreshing himselfe he found a conuenient fishing for Cod. With a taste whereof he returned to Iames Towne from whence the Lord De-la-ware sent him to trade in the Riuer of Patawomeck where finding an English boy those people had preserued from the fury of Powhatan by his acquaintance had such good vsage of those kind Sauages that they fraughted his Ship with Corne wherewith he returned to Iames Towne and so for England with the Lord Gouernour yet before his returne the aduenturers had sent Sir Thomas Dale with three Ships men and cattell and all other prouisions necessarie for a yeere all which arriued the tenth of May 1611. Againe to second him with all possible expedition there was prepared for Sir Thomas Gates sixe tall Ships with three hundred men and one hundred Kine with other cattell with munition and all manner of prouision could be thought needfull and they arriued about the first of August next after safely at Iames Towne Sir George Somers all this time was supposed lost but thus it hapned missing the Barmudas hee fell also as did Argall with Sagadahock where being refreshed would not content himselfe with that repulse but returned againe in the search and there safely arriued But ouertoyling himselfe on a surfet died And in this Cedar Ship built by his owne directions and partly with his owne hands that had not in her any Iron but onely one bolt in her Keele yet well endured thus tossed to and againe in this mightie Ocean till with his dead bodie she arriued in England and at Whitchurch in Dorsetshire his body by his friends was honourably buried with mane volies of shot and the rites of a Souldier c. But thus much may serue as the argument of the discourses following and as the Prologue to the Virginian Scene where we will first produce M. Archer after whose succinct narration M. Strachies copious discourse shall feast you with the liuely expression of others miseries and Barmudas happy discouery in Rhetorickes Full sea and spring tide CHAP. V. A Letter of M. GABRIEL ARCHAR touching the Voyage of the Fleet of Ships which arriued at Virginia without Sir THO. GATES and Sir GEORGE SVMMERS 1609. FRom Woolwich the fifteenth of May 1609 seuenth saile weyed anchor and came to Plimmouth the twentieth day where Sir George Somers with two small Vessels consorted with vs. Here we tooke into the Blessing being the ship wherein I went fixe Mares and two Horses and the Fleet layed in some necessaries belonging to the action In which businesse we spent time till the second of lune And then wee set sayle to Sea but crost by South-west windes we put in to Faulemouth and there staying till the eight of Iune we then gate out Our Course was commanded to leaue the Canaries one hundred leagues to the Eastward at least and to steere away directly for Virginia without touching at the West Indies except the Fleet should chance to be separated then they were to repaire to the Bermuda there to stay seuen dayes in expectation of the Admirall and if they found him not then to take their course to Virginia Now thus it happened about sixe dayes after we lost the sight of England one of Sir George Somers Pinnasses left our company and as I take it bare vp for England the rest of the ships viz. The Sea Aduenture Admirall wherein was Sir Thomas Gates Sir George Somer and Captaine Newport The Diamond Vice-admirall wherein was Captaine Ratcliffe and Captaine King The Falcon Reare-admirall in which was Captaine Martin and Master Nellson The Blessing wherein I and Captaine Adams went The Vnitie wherein Captaine Wood and Master Pett were The Lion wherein Captaine Webb remained And the Swallow of Sir George Somers in which Captaine Moone and Master Somer went In the Catch went one Matthew Fitch Master and in the Boat of Sir George Somers called the Virginia which was built in the North Colony went one Captaine Davies and one Master Davies These were the Captatines and Masters of our Fleet. We ran a Southerly course froâ— the Tropicke of Cancer where hauing the Sun within sixe or seuen degrees right ouer our head in Iuly we bore away West so that by the feruent heat and loomes breezes many of our men fell sicke of the Calenture and out of two ships was throwne ouer-boord thirtie two persons The Viceadmirall was said to haue the plague in her but in the Blessing we had not any sicke albeit we had twenty women and children Vpon Saint Iames day being about one hundred
of Codfish it is well knowne vnto you Salmons Eeles Mackarell Herrings Lance Caplin Dog fish Hollibuts Flowkes Lobsters Crabs and Muskles All and more then all these are here in great plentie very good and sweet meat The wild fruit and berries are small Peares Cherries Nuts Resberries Strawberries Barberries Dewberrics Hurtleberries with others all good to eate Many faire Flowers I haue seene here which I cannot name although I had learned Gerrards Herball by heart But wild Roses are here both red and damaske as fragrant and faire as in England All our Corne and Seedes haue prospered well and are already growne almost to perfect maturitie c. THE SECOND PART OF THE TENTH BOOKE CHAP. X. Diuers Warlike Fleets set forth to Sea against the Spaniards by our English DEBORA Queene ELIZABETH of Glorious memory Her manifold Deliueries and Victories LOI the Man whose Mâ—se 〈…〉 s'd on Plantations New England Virgin Bermude Newfound-landed Lawrell for oliue take and make Relations Of Armes Harmes Fights Frights Flights Depopulations Romes Buls Spaines broyles Irelands 〈◊〉 Traitors branded GOD Angels Winds Seas Men Elizas Glory Conspire Shee outlines Death â—n Heauen in Story HAile greatest of English Names Glorious ELIZABETH Nor may wee after thy voyage and peregrination out of this World vnto thy true and heauenly home Country forget the great Acts of thy earthly Pilgrimage Thou wast indeed the Mother of English Sea-greatnesse and didst first by thy Generalls not salute alone but awe and trrrifie the remotest East and West stretching thy long and strong armes to India to China to America to the Peruvian Seas to the Californian Coast and New Albions Scepters Thou mad'st the Northerne Muscouite admire thy Greatnesse Thou gauest name to the North-west Straits Meta Incognita and the Southern Negros and Ilands of the South-vnknowne-continent which knew not humanitie were compelled to know Thee Thou imbracedst the whole earthly Globe in thy Maritime Armes thou freedst England from Easterlings and Lumbards borrowed legs and taughtst her not onely to stand and goe without helpe but become helpe to our friends and with her own Sea forces to stand against yea to stand vpon and stampe vnder feet the proudest of her foes Thou wast a Mother to thy Neighbours Scots French Dutch a Mirrour to the remotest of Nations Great Cumberland twelue voyages before recited are thine and the fiery vigor of his Martiall Spirit was kindled at thy bright Lamp quickened by the Great Spirit of ELIZABETH Drake Candish Iohn and Richard Hawkins Raleigh Dudley Sherley Preston Greenuile Lancaster Wood Raimund Leuison Monson Winter Frobisher Daâ—â—es and other the Star-worthies of Englands Sphere whose Planet-courses we haue before related acknowledge ELIZAS Orb to be their First and highest Mouer How many Royall Fleets did shee set forth In the yeeres 85. and 87. those vnder Sir Francis Drake before mentioned as that also in 95. vnder him and Sir Iohn Hawkins another Fleet 1590. vnder Sir Iohn Hawkins and Sir Martin Frobisher to the Ilands also 1591. the Iland Fleet vnder the Lord Thomas Howard now Earle of Suffolke that 1592. by Sir Iohn Burroughs and Sir Robert Crosse when the Madre de Dios was taken and another Carrike burnt An. 1594. Shee sent forth a Fleet to Brest where Frobusher was slaine Another 1599. vnder the Lord Thomas Howard A. 1600. vnder Sir Richard Leuison a Fleet to the Ilands 1601. another to Ireland A. 1602. vnder Sir Richard Leuison and Sir William Manson and another vnder the same Commanders 1603. as bequeathing in her fatall extreames Marine Actions and Glory to her Successour These and other her Sea-glories I purpose not here to dilate hauing already handled some of them but haue singled from the rest the actions of 88. 89. 96. and 97. praemising somthing as a Preface of the great deliuerances which God vouch safed that Virgin Queen That Church which is mystically called The woman drunken with the bloud of Saints had begun to persecute her from her birth Pope Clement the sixt decreeing against her Mothers mariage and Pope Paul the third thundring a terrible sentence against her Fathers Soueraigntie And although King Henry had first enacted against his daughters and after for them by Parliamentary authoritie yet when King Edward which vsed to call her his sweet sister Temperance was dead there wanted not some which extruded both the sisters and obtruded another succession Queene Mary dispersing that storme raised another wherein shee was exposed to the columnies of fairesoule-mouthed sycophants which would haue stained the reigne of that Queene otherwise branded as short bloudy vnfortunate with the slaughter of that Royall Virgin Story and others saying That in vaine the boughs of Heresie were lopped off if the Root were suffered to continue Long and straight imprisonment shee indâ—red and was forced by them to Masse Confession and externall profession of that Romish Catholiâ—â—sme which perhaps had not diuerted her enemies designe had not the peruersâ—st of her enemies Gardiner beene auerted by his owne death and had not also King Philip with the Spaniards enuied to the French so rich an Inheritance as by Queene M 〈…〉 death without â—ssue which could scarsly from her sicke and aged body be expect was likely to fall vpon Queene Mary of Scotland betrothed to the Dolphin of France whereby the Spanish greatnesse already embroyled enough was likely to bee ouermatched by the French increased with addition of three mightie Kingdomes Queene Mary dying and Cardinall Poole with many Prelates as it were attending her exequies with their owne with generall applause Shee was acknowledged Queen Her first care was to restore Religion notwithstanding the dangers thence incompassing her shee also reiected the mariage with King Philip whereof hee had treated with her by the Earle of Feria his Embassadour promising to procure thereunto the Popes dispensation neither admitted shee the offered match of Charles sonne to Ferdinand the Emperour and when Henry the French King by the Guisians was perswaded to challenge England to his sonne and daughter in law causing them to vse her title Francis Mary by the Grace of God King and Queene of Scotland England and Ireland and prepared Warres against her God tooke him out of the world being s 〈…〉 e at a Talt sport The new King and Queene continued their former challenge Title and Ensignes which gaue no small occasions of those euills which afterwards inuolued her breeding a great d 〈…〉 gust betwixt those two greatest Ladies which Christendome had both Heires to an absolute Souereigntie Shee expelled the French out of Scotland stablished the affaires of Ireland procured armour and weapons out of Germany caused much Artillery to bee cast of Brasse and Iron new Mynes of Brasse being sound at Keswicke and the stone Calammaris vsefull for Brasse-workes found here also prouision for Gunpowder was first at her commandement made here at home Barwicke fortified the Nauie furnished the Sea Townes imitating her example and increasing
dayly in Nauall forces answered by Martiall Spirits for Land and Sea seruice Thus did God blesse her that had glorified him in establishing his Truth notwithstanding the pouertie of the State at her entrance deepely indetted by her predecessours and the saint friendship or professed enmitie of Rome and all her disciples Thus shall it bee done to the Woman God will honour and more then thus for what was all the time of her reigne but vicissitudes of Treasons Warres and manifold externall and internall broyles and yet in an admirable working of Diuine Grace when had England so long and flourishing peace at home or glory and renowme abroad as if hee which brought light out of darknesse would permit all such contrary workings to bee the object of his goodnesse the fewell and materialls of her greatnesse Arthur Poole the fourth yeere of her reigne abused the greatnesse of his bloud with other conspirators to the Guisâ—â—n purposes but taken and sentenced receiued not bloudie reward from her mild and mercifull hand Pope Pius the fift denounceth her excommunicate discharging her Subiects from loyaltie and alleageance and arming them against her Ridolfi a Florentine playes the Merchant of Popish wares the Earles of Northumberland and Westmerland take armes the Duke of Norfolke is entangled the French and Spaniard are perswaded by the Pope who promised also if need were to ingage to this purpose all the goods of the Sea Apostolike Chalices Crosses and holy Vestments Uitellius is commanded to inuade England with an Army from the Low-countries but God protected ELIZABETH and her Enemies abroad were disappointed the Traitors at home falling into their owne pit About the same time Edmund and Peter brethten to the Earle of Oâ—â—ond were busie in Ireland to inflame which rebellion Mendoza came out of Spaine but before it brake forth into any great combustion it was extinct Don Iohn of Austria enters next vpon the Stage for I omit Barues and Muthers Sir Henry Percie the B. of Ross his attempts and other Acts and Arts sauouring more of the Foxe then the Lion and pretended a peace whiles hee intended the deliuerance of the Scottish Queene and marrying her to make himselfe King of England and Scotland by helpe of fugitiues and fauour of the Pope and Guisians and in the midst of his warlike preparations suddenly dieth When Pius his impious curses had thus proued blessings hee deceaseth and Gregory his successour in the Papacie and malice to Queene ELIZABETH the great Founder of Seminaties gaping for no lesse then a Kingdome to his base sonne Iames Boncompagnâ— treateth with the Spaniard who had swallowed England also in his conceit Thomas Stukley an English fugitiue promiseth Ireland to the Popes bastard who in recompence giues him the titles of Marquesse of Lagen Earle of Wexford and Caterlough Vicount of Morough and Baron of Ross all places of note in Ireland and made him Generall of eight hundred Italian Souldiers the King of Spaine paying their wages But Sebastian King of Portugall which should haue conducted the Spanish forces against England being intangled with an African Expedition procured Sâ—â—cley to goe thither with him where both lost their liues And the Spaniard was now diuerted from English designes to those neerer of Portugall there imploying the forces intended against vs. Doctor Nicolas Sanders playeth the next part who hauing written in defence of the Popes visible Monarchy Ecclesiasticall and belched out the fowlest slanders of Queen ELIZABETHS parentage that Hell could deuise would make his writings visible by his deeds and with Iames Fitz Moricâ— an Irish Traitor hauing obtained to be the Popes Nuntio with a banner consecrated at Rome and some forces out of Spaine entreth Ireland there fortifieth and winneth Desmond to his partie San Ioseph 〈…〉 followeth with seuen hundred Italians and Spaniards with Armour for fiue thousand Their Fort is taken Fitz moricâ— first and after the Earle with many others slaine Sanders runnes mad and wandering vp and downe in the Woods and Mountaines dieth miserably the Country is pacified and ELIZABETH preuaileth The Seminaries Schooles of Treason were now erected at R 〈…〉 and Rhemâ—â— to become worse then that Troian Hoâ—se Cells of desperate Eâ—issaries incâ—ndaries of their owne Countrey Campion and others suffer seditious Bookes are written against the Queene whereby S 〈…〉 râ—ill was instigated to kill her Mendoza the Spanish Embassadour was commanded to depart out of England hauing practised with Throckmorton and others about an inuasion of the Land and to remoue the Queene About the same time in manner miraculously traiterous projects came to light by certaine papers of one Creighâ—â—â— a Scottish Iesuite who being taken by Dutch Pirates tare them and threw them into the Sea which would not bee accâ—ssary to Iesuiticall plots but by the helpe of the winde brought them backe to the Ship which being deliuered to Sir William Wade were ioyned again and reuealed new plots of the Pope the Spaniard and Guisians to inuade England Whereupon an Association was made by many thorow the Kingdome binding themselues by their hands and seales to prosecute all such to death as should attempt any thing against the life of the Queene Cardinall A 〈…〉 for the English Catholikes Ecclesiasticall Inglefield for the Larkes the Bishop of Rosse for the Queene of Scots were said to haue agreed to depriue the Queene and to disinherite King IAMES as a fauoâ—â—er of Heresie c. A. 1585. Doctor Parry whom Queene ELIZABETH had before pardoned his life being heartned by Ragazonius the Popes Nuntio in France and absolued in the Popes name by the Cardinall Comensis vndertooke to kill the Queene being thereunto incouraged by Allens booke teaching that excommunicated Princes may bee dispoyled of liues and Scepters His partner reueales him and his mischiefe lighted on himselfe Henry Earle of Northumberland brother of Thomas before executed at Yorke slew himselfe in the Tower and the Lord Chancellour three dayes after in the Starre Chamber declared that he had beene committed for traiterous deuises against the Queene and State the particulars whereof were then opened by the Atturney Popham seeking to set free the Queene of Scots to destroy the Queene and the Religion to haue dealt with Charles Paget termed Mope about these things with the inuasion of England c. The Burkes rebellion in Ireland fell out that yeere and many broyles which cost three thousand their liues at one time the title Mac-William in Connagh extinguished and the insolence of the Ilanders betwixt Scotland and England repressed The Spaniard arrested the English Ships in his Ports whence the Expeditions of the Earle of Cumberland and Sir Francis Drake before mentioned tooke their beginning and the Warres betwixt the two Kingdomes A. 1586. that prodigions plot of Sauage Balard Babington and the rest of that bloudy crue conspiring to kill the Queene was detected and the plotters were executed In 87. the French Embassadour a Guisian conferred
were mustered eightie bands of Dutchmen sixtie of Spaniards six of high Germans and seuen bands of English fugitiues vnder the conduct of Sir William Stanlie an English Knight In the suburbs of Cortreight there were 4000. horsemen together with their horses in a readinesse and at Waten 900. horses with the troupe of the Marquesse del Gâ—â—sto Captaine generall of the horsemen Vnto this famous expedition and presupposed victory many potentates Princes and honorable personages hied themselues out of Spaine the Prince of Melito called the Duke of Pastrana and taken to be the Son of one Ruygomes de Silua but in very deede accompted among the number of King Philips base sons Also the Marquesse of Bargraue one of the sons of Arch-duke Ferdinand and Philippa Welsera Vespasian Gonsaga of the family of Mantua being for chiualâ—y a man of great renowne and heretofore Vice-roy in Spaine Item Iohn Medices base son vnto the Duke of Florence And Amadas of Sauoy the Duke of Sauoy his base son with many others of inferiour degrees At length when as the French King about the end of May signified vnto her Maiestie in plaine tearmes that she should stand vpon her guard because he was now certainly enformed that there was so dangerous an inuasion imminent vpon her Realme that he feared much least all her land and sea-forces would be sufficient to withstand it c. then began the Queenes Maiestie more carefully to gather her forces together and to furnish her own ships of warre and the principall ships of her subiects with souldiers weapons and other necessary prouision The greatest and strongest ships of the whole Nauie she sent vnto Plimmouth vnder the conduct of the right honorable Lord Charles Howard Lord high Admirall of England c. Vnder whom the renowned Knight Sir Francis Drake was appointed Vice-admirall The number of these ships was about an hundreth The lesser ships being 30. or 40. in number and vnder the conduct of the Lord Henry Seimer were commanded to lie betweene Douer and Caleis On land likewise throughout the whole realme souldiers were mustered and trained in all places and were committed vnto the most resolute and faithfull captaines And where as it was commonly giuen out that the Spaniard hauing once vnited himselfe vnto the Duke of Parma ment to inuade by the riuer of Thames there was at Tilburie in Essex ouer-against Grauesend a mighty army encamped and on both sides of the riuer fortifications were erected according to the prescription of Frederike Genebelli an Italian enginier Likewise there were certaine ships brought to make a Bridge though it were very late first Vnto the said Armie came in proper person the Queenes most roiall Maiestie representing Tomyris that Scithian warlike Princesse or rather diuine Pallas her selfe Also there were other such armies leuied in England The principal Recusants least they should stir vp any tumult in the time of the Spanish inuasion were sent to remaine at certain conuenient places as namely in the Isle of Ely and at Wisbich And some of them were sent vnto other places to wit vnto sundry Bishops and Noblemen where they were kept from endangering the state of the common wealth and of her sacred Maiestie who of her most gracious clemency gaue expresse commandement that they should be intreated with all humaniâ—ie and friendship The Prouinces of Holland Zeland c. giuing credit vnto their intelligence out of Spaine made preparation to defend themselues but because the Spanish ships were described vnto them to be so huge they relied partly vpon the shallow and dangerous Seas all along their coasts Wherefore they stood most in doubt of the Duke of Parma his small and flat-bottomed ships Howbeit they had all their ships of warre to the number of nintie and aboue in a readinesse for all assâ—yâ—s the greater part whereof were of a small burthen as being more meete to saile vpon their Riuers and shallow Seas and with these ships they besieged all the hauens in Flanders beginning at the mouth of Scheld or from the towne of Lillo and holding on to Greueling and almost vnto Caleis and fortified all their Sea-townes with strong garrisons Against the Spanish fleets arriuall they had prouided fiue and twenty or thirty good ships committing the gouernment of them vnto Admirall Lonck whom they commanded to ioine himselfe vnto the Lord Henry Seymer lying betweene Douer and Cales And when as the foresaid ships whereof the greater part besieged the hauen of Dunkerke were driuen by tempest into Zeland Iustin of Nassau the Admirall of Zeland supplied that squadron with fiue and thirty ships being of no great burthen but excellently furnished with Guns Mariners and Souldiers in great abundance especially with 1200 braue Musquetiers hauing beene accustomed vnto Sea-fights and being chosen out of all their company for the same purpose and so the said Iustin of Nassau kept such diligent ward in the Station that the Duke of Parma could not issue forth with his Nauie into Sea out of any part of Flanders In the meane while the Shanish Armada set saile out of the hauen of Lisbon vpon the 19. of May An. Dom. 1588. vnder the conduct of the Duke of Medina Sidonia directing their course for the Bay of Corunna alias the Groine in Gallicia where they tooke in souldiers and warlike prouision this port being in Spaine the neerest vnto England As they were sailing along there arose such a mighty tempest that the whole Fleet was dispersed so that when the Duke was returned vnto his company he could not escry aboue eighty ships in all whereunto the residue by little and little ioyned themselues except eight which had their Masts blowne ouer-boord One of the foure Gallies of Portingall escaped very hardly retiring her selfe into the hauen The other three were vpon the coast of Baion in France by the assistance and courage of one Dauid Gwin an English Captine whom the French and Turkish slaues aided in the same enterprise vtterly disabled and vanquished one of the three being first ouercome which conquered the two other with the slaughter of their Gouernour and souldiers and among the rest of Don Diego de Mandrana with sundry others and so those slaues arriued in France with the three Gallies set themselues at libertie The Nauie hauing refreshed themselues at the Groine and receiuing daily commandement from the King to hasten their iournie horsed vp sailes the 11. day of Iuly and so holding on their course till the 19. of the same moneth they came then vnto the mouth of the narrow Seas or English channell From whence striking their sailes in the meane season they dispatched certain of their small ships vnto the Duke of Parma At the same time the Spanish Fleete was escried by an English Pinnace Captaine whereof was Master Thomas Fleming after they had beene aduertised of the Spaniards expedition by their scoutes and espials which hauing ranged along the coast of Spaine were lately
by reason they had so frankly spent the greater part in the former conflicts The same day a Counsell being assembled it was decreed that the English Fleete should be deuided into foure squadrons the principall whereof was committed vnto the Lord Admirall the second to Sir Francis Drake the third to Captaine Hawkins the fourth to Captaine Frobisher The Spaniards in their sailing obserued very diligent and good order sailing three and foure and sometimes more ships in a ranke and following close vp one after another and the stronger and greater ships protecting the lesser The fiue and twenty of Iuly when the Spaniards were come ouer-against the Isle of Wight the Lord admirall of England being accompanied with his best ships namely the Lion Captaine whereof was the Lord Thomas Howard The Elizabeth Ionas vnder the command of Sir Robert Southwell son in law vnto the Lord Admirall the Beare vnder the Lord Sheffield Nephew vnto the Lord Admirall the Victorie vnder Captaine Barker and the Galeon Leicester vnder the forenamed Captain George Fenner with great valour and dreadfull thunder of shot encountered the Spanish Admirall being in the very midst of all his Fleete Which when the Spaniards perceiued being assisted with his strongest ships he came forth and entered a terrible combat with the English for they bestowed each on other the broad sides and mutually discharged all their Ordnance being within one hundred or an hundred and twenty yards one of another At length the Spaniards hoised vp their failes and againe gathered themselues vp close into the forme of a roundell In the meane while Captaine Frobisher had engaged himselfe into a most dangerous conflict Whereupon the Lord Admirall comming to succour him found that hee had valiantly and discreetly behaued himselfe and that he had wisely and in good time giuen ouer the fight because that after so great a batterie he had sustained no damage For which cause the day following being the sixe and twenty of Ioly the Lord Admirall rewarded him with the order of Knighthood together with the Lord Thomas Howard the Lord Sheffield Master Iohn Hawkins and others The same day the Lord Admirall receiued intelligence from New-hauen in France by certaine of his Pinnaces that all things were quit in France and that there was no preparation of sending aide vnto the Spaniards which was greatly feared from the Guisian faction and from the Leaguers but there was a false rumour spread all about that the Spaniards had conquered England The seuen and twentieth of Iuly the Spaniards about the sun-setting were come ouer-against Douer and rode at ancre within the sight of Caleis intending to hold on for Dunkerk expecting there to ioyne with the Duke of Parma his forces without which they were able to doe little or nothing Likewise the English Fleete following vp hard vpon them ancred iust by them within culuering-shot And here the Lord Henry Seymer vnited himselfe vnto the Lord Admirall with his fleet of 30. ships which rode before the mouth of Thames As the Spanish Nauie therefore lay at ancre the Duke of Medina sent certaine Messengers vnto the Duke of Parma with whom vpon that occasion many Noblemen and Gentlemen went to refresh themselues on land and amongst the rest the Prince of Ascoli being accounted the Kings base son and a very proper and towardly yong Gentleman to his great good went on shoare who was by so much the more fortunate in that he had not opportunity to returne on boord the same ship out of which he was departed because that in returning home it was cast away vpon the Irish coast withall the persons contained therein The Duke of Parma being aduertised of the Spanish Fleetes arriuall vpon the coast of England made all the haste hee could to be present himselfe in this expedition for the performance of his charge vainely perswading himselfe that now by the meanes of Cardinall Allen hee should be crowned King of England and for that cause he had resigned the Gouernment of the Low-Countries vnto Count Mansfeld the elder And hauing made his vowes vnto Saint Mary of Hall in Heâ—ault whom he went to visite for hisblinde deuotions sake he returned toward Bruges the eight and twenty of Iuly The next day trauelling to Dunkerk hee heard the thundring Ordnance of either Fleete and the same euening being come to Dixmud hee was giuen to vnderstand the hard successe of the Spanish Fleete Vpon tuesday which was the 13. of Iuly about high noone he came to Dunkerk when as all the Spanish Fleete was now passed by neither durst any of his ships in the meane space come forth to assist the said Spanish Fleet for feare of fiue and thirty warlike ships of Holland and Zeland which there kept watch and ward vnder the conduct of the Admirall Iustin of Nassau The foresaid fiue and thirty ships were furnished with most cunning Mariners and old expert Souldiers amongst the which were twelue hundred Musketeers whom the States had chosen out of all their Garrisons and whom they knew to haue beene heretofore experienced in Sea-fights This Nauie was giuen especially in charge not to suffer any ship to come out of the Hauen nor to permit any Zabraes Pataches or other small vessels of the Spanish Fleete which were more likely to aide the Dunkerkers to enter thereinto for the greater ships were not to be feared by reason of the shallow Sea in that place Howbeit the Prince of Parma his forces being as yet vnready were not come on boord his ships onely the English Fugitiues being seuen hundred in number vnder the conduct of Sir William Stanley came in fit time to haue beene embarked because they hoped to giue the first assault against England The residue shewed themselues vnwilling and loath to depart because they saw but a few Marriners who were by constraint drawne into this expedition and also because they had very bare prouision of Bread Drinke and other necessary victuals Moreouer the ships of Holland and Zeland stood continually in their sight threatning shot and Powder and many inconueniences vnto them for feare of which ships the Mariners and Sea-men secretly withdrew themselues both day and night least that the Duke of Parma his Souldiers should compell them by maine force to goe on boord and to breake through the Hollanders Fleete which all of them iudged to be impossible by reason of the straightnesse of the Hauen But it seemeth that the Duke of Parma and the Spaniards grounded vpon a vaine and presumptuous expectation that all the ships of England and of the Low-Countries would at the first sight of the Spanish and Dunkerk Nauie haue betaken themselues to flight yeelding them Sea-roome and endeuouring onely to defend themselues their hauens and Sea-coasts from inuasion Wherefore their intent and purpose was that the Duke of Parma in his small and flat-bottomed ships should as it were vnder the shadow and
from the Generall â—lowne vp by mine the company was drawne away During the time we lay in the Road our Fleet began the second of Iune and so continued six dayes after to fetch in some Hulks to the number of threescore of Dansik Stetin Rostock Lubeck and Hamburgh laden with Spanish goods and as it seemed for the Kings prouision and going for Lisbâ—â— their principall lading was Corne Masts Cables Copper and Waxe amongst which were some of great burthen wonderfull well builded for sailing which had no great lading in them and therefore it was thought they were brought for the Kings prouision to reinforce his decaied Nauie whereof there was the greater likelihood in that the owner of the greatest of them which carried two misnes was knowne to be very inward with the Cardinall who rather then he would be taken with his ships committed himselfe vnto his small Boate wherein he recouered Saint Sebastians into the which our men that before were in flie-boates were shipped and the Flie-boates sent home with an offer of Corne to the value of their hire But the winde being good for them for Rochel they chose rather to loose their Corne then the winde and so departed The Generall also sent his Horses with them and from thence shipped them into England The third of Iune Colonell Deuereux and Colonell Sidney being both very sicke departed for England who in the whole iourney had shewed themselues very forward to all seruices and in their departure very vnwilling to leaue vs that day we embarked all our Army but lay in the road vntill the eight thereof The sixt-day the Earle of Essex vpon receit of Letters from her Maiesty by them that brought in the victuals presently departed towards England with whom Sir Roger Williams was very desirous to goe but found the Generals very vnwilling he should do so in that he bare the next place vnto them and if they should miscarry was to command the Army And the same day there came vnto vs two small â—â—arkes that brought tidings of some other ships come out of England with victuals which were passed vpwards to the Cape for meeting with whom the second day after we set saile for that place in purpose after our meeting with them to goe with the Iles of Azores the second day which was the ninth we met with them comming backe againe towards vs whose prouision little answered our expectation Notwithstanding we resolued to continue our course for the Ilands About this time wâ—â— the Marchant Royall with three or foure other ships sent to Peniche to fetch away the companies that were leâ—â— chere but Captain Barton hauing receiued Letters from the Generalâ— that were 〈◊〉 ouerland was departed before not being able by reason of the enemies speedy marching thither either to bring away the artillery or all his men according to the direction those letters gaue him for he was no sooner gone then the enemy possessed the Towne and Castle and shot at out ships as they came into the road At this time also was the Ambassadoor from the Emperor of Marocco called Reys Hamet Bencasamp returned and with him M. Ciprian a Gentleman of good place and desert who sent from Don Autoniâ— and Captaine O 〈…〉 y from the Generals to the Emperour The next morning the nine Gallâ—â—â— which were sent not fiue daies before out of Andaluzia for the strengthening of the Ruer or Lisbâ—â— which being ioyned with the other twelue that were there before though we lay hard by them at Saâ—nt Iulians durst neuer make any attempt against vs vpon our departure from thence 〈◊〉 returning home and in the morning being a very dead calme in the dawning thereof fell in the winde of our fleet in the vttermost part whereof they assailed one stragling Barke of Plimmouth of the which Captaine Cauerley being Captaine of the land company with his Lientenant the Master and some of the Marriners abandoned the ship and betooke them to the ship-boats whereof one in which the Master and the Captaine were was ouer 〈…〉 with the Gallies and they drowned There were also two Hulkes stragled far from the strength of the other ships which were so calmed as neither they could get to vs nor we to them though all the great ships towed with their Boats to haue relieued them but could not be recouered in one of which was Captaine Miâ—shaw with his company who fought with them to the last yea after his ship was on fire which whither it was fired by himselfe or by them we could not well discerne but might easily iudge by his long and good fight that the enemy could not but sustain much losse who setting also vpon one other Hulke wherein was but a Lieutenant and he very sicke wereby the valour of the Lieutenant put off although they had first beaten her with their artillery and attempted to boord her And seeing also one other Hulke a league off a sterne of vs they made towards her but finding that she made ready to fight with them they durst not further attempt her whereby it seemed their losse being great in the other fights they were loath to proceede any further From 〈◊〉 day till the nineteenth of Iune our direction from the Generall was that if the winde were Northerly we should plie for the Azores but if Southerly for the Iles of Bayon We lay with contrary windes about that place and the Rocke till the Southerly winde preuailing carried vs to Bayon among whom was Sir Henry Norris in the Ayde who had a purpose if the Admirals had not come in with some 500 men out of them all to haue landed and attempted the taking of Vigo The rest of the fleet held with generall Drake who though he were two dayes before put vpon those Ilands cast off againe to Sea for the Azores but remembring how vnprouided he was for that iourney and seeing that he had lost company of his great ships returned for Bayon and came in there that night in the euening where hee passed vp the Riuer more then a mile aboue Uigo The next morning wee landed as many as were able to fight which were not in the whole aboue two thousand men for in the seuenteene dayes we continued on boord wee had cast many of our men ouer-boord with which number the Colonell generall marched to the Towne of Uigo neere the which when hee approached he sent Captaine Anthony Wingfield with a troupe of shot to enter one side of the same who found vpon euery streâ—tes end a strong barricade but altogether abandoned for hauing entred the Towne he found but one man therein but might see them making way before him to Bayon On the other side the Towne entred Generall Drake with Captaine Richard Wingfield whose approach on that side I thinke made them leaue the places they had so artificially made for defence there were also certaine ships sent with the Vice-admirall to lye close before
or fiue Friars one an Irishman Their Bookes Beades and Pictures cost aboue 1000. Duckets The Bishop of Tuccaman had sent for them to take possession of a Monasterie They learned of Master Iohn Drake who went in consort with Captaine Fenton cast away neere the Riuer of Plate his companie taken or slaine by the Saluages of which Iohn Drake and Richard Fairweather escaped with two or three others in a Canoa to the Spaniards and liued in those parts Here also they tooke Miles Philips left in the Countrey by Sir Iohn Hawkins After counsell taken they fell Aprill 3. with the Land of Brasil in 16. degrees and a Terse and watered in the Road of Camana They proceeded and anchored before the Towne of Baya and found in the Harbour eight Ships and one Caruell The next day they forced the Portugals to abandon foure of the best of those ships and towed them forth in despight of infinite store of great and small shot from the shoare and ships one Hulke hauing in her foure and twentie pieces of Ordnance The least of these prizes was 130. Tunnes After this they haled the Hulke and commanded the Master to follow them which he did together with a Caruell with fiftie Butts of wine They fetched reliefe from the shoare also in despite of innumerable Indians and all the enemies forces May 24. they tooke a ship of 120. Tunnes laden with Meale and Sugar But the voyage to the South Sea was defeated by some mens desire to returne in which Captaine Delamour tooke a small Pinnace The Fleâ—â—â—sish Hulke taken into the Fleet in stead of the George cast off furnished with her men suddenly tooke fire and perished Ship Men and Goods Septemb. 29. the residue reached the Coast of England after an vnprofitable and vnfortunate voyage IN the yeare 1587. when the Towne of Slewse was beseeged by the Duke of Parma Sir Roger Williams being Gouernour there the Earle put himselfe in person to make proofe of his valour in that seruice but at his arriuall found the Towne surrendred vnto the Duke the said Sir Roger being not able to hold out longer Anno 1588. amongst many of the Nobility which distributed themselues into diuers of her Maiesties Shippes vpon the approach of the Spanish Armada the Earle put himselfe aboord the Bonaduenture commanded by Captaine George Raymond when they wanne that honour that no Sea can drowne no age can weare out The Queene so accepted this Noble Earles resolution that she gaue him leaue the same yeare to goe as Generall and for his greater honour and ability was pleased to lend him the Golden Lion one of the Shippes Royall to be the Admirall which he victualled and furnished at his owne charge and aduenture hauing Commission to pursue his intended voyage towards the Spanish coasts vnder the broad Seale of England bearing date the fourth of October 1588. Attended with many braue Gentlemen he set forth about the end of October and in the Narrow Seas met with a Shippe of Dunkerke called the Hare laden with Merchandise for Spaine which after some fight he tooke and sent home But contrary windes first suspended and after that a storme which forced them to cut the maine Maste ouerboord depriued him of further hopes and ability to prosecute his true designes HIs spirit remaining neuerthelesse higher then the windes and more resolutely by stormes compact vnited in it selfe he procured a new of her Maiestie the Victory one of the Royal Nauie accompanied with the Meg and Margaret two small Ships and one Caruell which were set forth at his charges and manned with 400. Mariners and Souldiers the Admirall commanded by his Lordship and vnder him Captaine Christopher Lyster the Meg by Captaine William Mounson Viceadmirall the Margaret by Captaine Edward Careles alias Write Rereadmirall the Caruell by Captaine Pigeon The eighteenth of Iune they set forth from Plimmouth and within three dayes met with three French Ships Leaguers of New Hauen and Saint Maloes laden with New-found land fish two of them with the Margaret not able to endure the Sea were sent for England The thirteenth of Iuly his Lordship met with eleuen Dutch Ships which at first made shew to abide a fight and after a few shot yeelded and sent their Masters aboord shewing their Pasports from Hamborough Lubecke Bream Pomerland and Callice who confessed that they had goods aboord to the value of foure thousand fiue hundred pounds of a Iew of Lisbone which being deliuered and distributed his Lordship set saile for the Asores The first of August he had sight of Saint Michael and to disguise himselfe put forth a Spanish Flagge Espying foure Shippes in the Roade he resolued that night to cut their Cables and to bring them away which he accordingly performed before he was descried The Spaniards in three of them leaping into the Sea with much noise and outcry gaue the alarme to the Town which made many vaine shots at his Boate in the darke The fourth was the Falcon of London vnder the name of a Scottish Ship hauing a Scottish Pilot. The three Spaniards were laden from Siuill with Wine and Sallet Oyle The Pinnace tooke a small Shippe wherein was thirty tunnes of Madera wines same Wollen Cloath Silke and Taffata The Carracks were departed from Tercera eight dayes before He manned his Boates and obtained refreshing at Flores professing himselfe a friend to their King Don Antonio From thence rowing a shipboord the Boate was pursued two miles together by a monstrous Fish whose Finnes many times appeared about the gils aboue water foure or fiue yards a sunder and his iawes gaping a yard and a halfe wide not without great danger of ouerturning the Pinnace and deuouring some of the company but at the last they all escaped Here his Lordshippe met and accepted into consort Captaine Dauies with his Shippe and Pinnace a Shippe of Sir Walter Raleighs commanded by Captaine Markesbury and the Barke Lime Hauing intelligence that the Carracks were at Tercera he came vp to the road of Fyall the seuen and twentieth of August and descrying certaine Shippes at anchor close aboord the shoare he sent his Boates which boorded a Ship of 250. tunne armed with foureteene cast Peeces and continued fight till a supply of Boates came from the Fleete to second them and then recouered the prize The Spaniards except Iohn de Palma leapt all ouer-boord to swimme to the shoare which was so neere that the Ship was moored to the Castle from whence the great Ordinance plaied all the time of the fight onely it was not a play to the Master of the Caruell whose calfe of his legge was shot away This Shippe came laden from Port-Racco with Sugar Ginger and Hides The Ship-boates fetched also out of the Roade some other small Ships laden from Guinâ—ee with Elephants teeth Graines Coca nuts and Goate Skinnes most of which prizes he sent for England The
the Forefight without entring any one man tooke opportunitie to free her selfe And now both ships companies beeing entred into the Fore-cheynes the Fore-castle was so high that without any resistance the getting vp bad â—â—â—ne difficult But heere was strong resistance some irrecouerably falling by the boâ—rd aâ—◠〈…〉 ssault continued an houre and an halfe so braue a bootie making the men fight like Dragons till the Fore-castle being gained the Portugals stowed themselues in holds The English now hunted after nothing but pillage and were readie to goe to the eares about it each man lighting a Candle the negligence of which fired a Cabbin in which were sixe hundred Cartrages of Powder The rumour hereof made them all readie to forsake the Carrike when Captayne Norton with some others with buckets of water aduentured the quenching of that fire Feare of leake by the fight and neernesse of the shoare were great parts of his care All these dangâ—rs freed contention about so rich a pillage was welnigh kindling in the Commanders beeing so diuersly commanded and employed but Sir Iohn Burroughes pretending the Queenes name Captayne Norton yeelded that hee should take care of the Carricke which he accordingly repayred lands about eight hundred Negros on Coruo detaynes the ordinary Saylers commits the Gentlemen to a ship of the Eaâ—le of Cumberlands to goe whether they would who escaped not a second rifling by other Englishmen of warre which tooke from them thus negligently dismissed nine hundred Diamonds besides other odde ends The Earle of Cumberland had notice by a Pinnasse sent from Captayne Norton twentie dayes before the Carricke came into England and had Commission from the Queene for her safe harbouring Hardly she escaped the Rockes of Silly the Tigre also participating in that danger and came to Dartmouth being so huge and vnweldie a ship as shee was neuer remooued out of that Harbour but there laid vp her bones His Lordships share would haue amounted according to his employment of ships and men to two or three Millions but because his Commission large enough otherwise had not prouided for the case of his returne and substituting another in his place some adjudged it to depend on the Queenes mercie and bountie Neyther yet by reason of some mens imbezelling had her Majestie the account of the fifth part of her value and the Earle was faine to accept of sixe and thirtie thousand pounds for him and his as out of gift THe next yeere 1593. his Lorship procured two ships Royall the Golden Lion Admirall commanded by himselfe the Bonaduenture Vice-admirall and therewith employed the Backe Chaldon the Pilgrime the Anthonie and the Disconerie which three last when hee came to the Coast of Spaine hee sent for the West Indies Hee tooke from the protection of fourteene great Hulkes two French ships of Saint Malowes which then held for the league and vâ—â—re therefore reputed in state of Spaniards of great value one of which he carried with him and sent the other into England The Spaniards hauing intelligence set forth an Armada against him which waited for him at the Ilands and the Earle hearing of their beeing at Flores and within fiue leagues of them lighted on a ship which they had sent to descry which before shee could recouer her fleet he tooke He learning by these that the Spanish fleet trebled the force of his hauing kept company with them one day quitted them and kept tenne or twelue leagues distant from them three weekes In which space he fell sicke beyond hope of life without returne or refreshing from the shoare Captayne Monson with much hazard procured him some refreshing from Coruo and leauing the rest of the ships which tooke one Prize after hee returned for England this proouing the most gainfull Voyage which he made before or after THe Anthonie of one hundred and twentie tunnes commanded by Captayne Iames Langton Pilot Antonio Martino a Spaniard which had long liued in those Indies and wel acquainted with those Ports the Pilgrime of one hundred tunnes commanded by Captayne Francis Slingsbie Diego Petrus a Spanish Pilot and the Discouerie these three after fare well solemnely taken and giuen by shot on all hands shaped their Course for the Antillas and fell with the Iland of Saint Lucia there and at Matinnio refreshing themselues three dayes they concluded to attempt the taking of the Rancherias which are the Pearle-fishings of Margarita contayning sixe or seuen seuerall small Villages which for that purpose they inhabit but not aboue one of them at once when their fishing failes there remouing to another and so by course hauing emptie houses standing alway readie for that purpose The Pearles for more safetie are monethly carried to the Towne of Margarita three leagues from the waters side They kept out of sight all day for feare of discouerie and at night landed and visited two emptie Rancherias but taking a Spaniard which then came thither in a Boate with two Indians they made him their guide to the inhabited Rancheria fiue leagues off commanding the Boates to row along the shoare and not to double the point till euening The two Captaynes with eight and twentie men marched by land in the heat which with want of water much annoyed them They came thither in the beginning of the night and agreed to assault the place in three places at once notwithstanding their small numbers lest they should gather head any where The Spaniards at first thought it had beene some false alarme of the Gouernour and bid away with this iesting but finding it earnest hastily fled to the woods Thus did they take the Towne with some two thousand pounds value in Pearle besides what other pillage the Souldiers gate Their weapons they brake for feare of pursuite In the morning they went aboord the fishing Boats and tooke their Oysters gotten the night before and gate aboord their ships much in suspense for them not knowing of this sudden enterprize the fifth day after they had gone from them The shippes now comming before the Towne demanded ransome for their houses and Canoas to redeeme which from destruction they gaue two thousand Duckets in Pearle But Caruels of aduice hauing euery-where giuen intelligence of them at Cumana they found them on their guard and returned not without losse Thence they coasted Terra F 〈…〉 ma till they came to the Ilands of Aruba and Corresao where they landed and refreshed themselues Thence to Rio de Hache which they thought to haue taken but found the enemy ready for them with other intelligence that they had carried their goods into the Mountaynes They therefore set saile for Hispaniola came to Cape Tuberone and thence to the Bay of Saint Nicholas and thence to Fort Plat and others on the North side thence to Mona and so Sauona where they watered againe in this manner The Iland is low destitute of any Spring and to the Sea a small
looke into their present abilitie and accordingly would send his Lordship assurance that within seuen dayes it should be sent to him to be receiued at the Point where hee held continuall guard Concluding that in these sendings they sought nothing but delaies his Lordship determined not to send them any more but withall speed to make himselfe and the fleet readie for a happy and by many much desired returne since it was cleere that it was not Gods pleasure that yet this Iland should bee inhabited by the English All the Hides therefore and Ginger and Sugar which either was alreadie readie or in time could be gotten was forthwith shipped and so was all the munition in the Towne all the Ordnance in any place of that Iland which amounted in all and of all sorts very neere the full number of fourscore cast peeces some of them the goodliest that euer I saw But when they saw his Lordship resolute to send no more to them for negotiating touching the ransome of their Citie they now begin to send againe and againe to him His Lordship neuer meant to deface their Citie or to make it vnfit to be inhabited But withall he tooke the likeliest wayes to conceale this from the knowledge of the enemie whom hee could not so well rule with any other bit our owne strength being now growne so weake His Lordship therefore entertayned their offers and so farre granted their desires that some in the name of them all might with his Lordships Passe come to the Citie to goe through with his Excellencie There came two Immaâ—â—el Corderâ— and Don Pedro de Pantoia who without the Bishops consent they said offered fiue hundred kintals of Ginger at whose returne which should bee within three or foure dayes they did thinke that thrice so much would be giuen The fleet was not yet altogether readie and Sir Iohn Barkley not yet so well recouered of his the common disease as that it was deemed fit hee should presently commit himselfe to the Sea being to bee so long without a bayting place and hee by his Lordships directions left him might dispatch the matter These two therefore were licensed to returne to Luisa to their friends vpon Saturday being the twelfth of August with promise to be againe with vs on the Tuesday following But before their appointed day his Lordship set saile yet it is not vnlikely his returne was something hastened by an accident that fell out The old man Pedro Suarez had a countenance that promised an honest minde and in regard of his age and weaknesse he was not so narrowly looked to as for sometime hee had beene This old sicke man found a meanes to escape the Sunday-night after they were gone to Luisa certainly not without practice with his Countrimen and it is thought with the priuitie of his Keeper Now this mans departure onely therefore misliked because it was traiterous and without leaue did more and more confirme his Lordship in his opinion that the Spaniards dealing with vs was traiterous and for some other end then was pretended And therefore seeing his owne stay should not be needfull for he knew Sir Iohn very sufficient to dispatch any thing that was to bee done he presently commanded that his owne ship should weigh and with her of great ships onely the Samson of the lesser the Royall Defence the Frigat the Scout the Elizabeth the Guiana and two little ones that were found in the Harbour one a Frenchman and the other a Spanish Frigat which were rigged during our aboad there So that his Lordship left with Sir Iohn the strength of the Nauie the Ascention the Gallion the Alcedo the Consent the Pegasus the Centurion two strong flie-boats and the Anthonie The true reason of his Lordships desire to be gone from Puerto Rico quickly was indeed a longing he had to be quickly at the Ilands For hee had so plotted the voyage that still hee would haue a string left in store for his Bow And now hee had intelligence that the fleet of Mexico which hee knew was to goe this yeere was euen now vpon their dispatch For vpon very good aduertisements he was giuen to vnderstand that the fleet meant to disimbogge the first light Moone in their September which falleth out to bee the seuen and twentieth of our August and his desire was to be at the Ilands before them which he might well hope for being in the height of the Bermuda by that time they should put forth of the Bay Besides this he had reason to looke for the meeting of a Carack if by the middest of September hee were at the Ilands For though they which are homewards bound hauing made their voyage in the East Indies ordinarily haue timelier passage and are at home by August yet if any of them which this yeere were to goe from Lisbon should be put backe againe September is the moneth wherein they were to bee expected at the Açores And for their more certaine meeting againe with his Lordship that so all the fleet might come home together his Lordship left them this direction which was giuen to euery ship vnder his hand You shall steere in with the Southward part of Flores if you finde me not in that course then seeke me betwixt ten and fourteene leâ—gues of Fayal West South-west If there you finde mee not then come through betwixt Fayal and the Pike and seeke me in the Road at Graâ—iosa if you finde me in none of these places you may be assured I am gone from the Ilands for England And for the Towne Sir Iohn had order giuen to leaue it vndefaced sauing that the Fort Mora should bee razed to the landward Thus wee left Puerto Rico and steered as directly to the Ilands as the windes would suffer vs which are there continually Easterly yet serued vs so fauourably that blowing much at East South-east wee tooke our selues to hold a North North-east course allowing our ships to driue one point to the leeward which course it we could hold we hoped to weather the infamous Iland of Bermuda notorious with vnmercifull and incredible stormes of fearfull thunder and lightning It was the sixt day after our departure from Puerto Rico being Saturday the nineteenth of August when I writ out this note then were wee a great way from the height of the Bermuda which lyeth in thirtie three degrees Now we are in the way from Puerto Rico to the Ilands of Açores which must needes be found a long passage and the way being not much beaten with resort of the Passengers puts me in hope that this may be a leisurefull place to pay a piece of a promise that I made before to say something more of the nature and qualitie and largenesse of the mayne Iland of Puerto Rico. The meanes which I did most wish and hope for to enable mee the better for the payment of this debt I could neuer with conueniency come by For I alwayes waited if
the blades in their pottage and vse them in other meates of pleasing taste and good for appetite When they came in the height of Bermuda they discouered a Monster in the Sea who shewed himselfe three times vnto them from the middle vpwards in which parts he was proportioned like a man of the complexion of a Mâ—llato or tawny Indian The Generall commanded one of his Clerkes to put it in writing to certifie the King thereof Presently after for the space of sixteene dayes the weather proued very foule Offering to make an escape they were descried and seuerely stocked and imprisoned a yeere in the Contractation house in Siuill and breaking prison were taken and by the Inquisition were sentenced Robert Barret and Iohn Gilbert to bee burnt Iob Hortop and Iohn Bone to the Gallies for tenne yeeres and after that to perpetuall prison Others were adiudged to the Gallies some eight some fiue yeeres Hortop serued twelue yeeres in hunger thirst cold and stripes and after foure yeeres imprisonment in his Fooles coat was redeemed to the seruice of Hernando de Sâ—ria from whom after three yeeres seruice more he stole away and landed at Portsmouth in December 1590. after three and twentie yeeres miserable bondage As for Dauid Ingrams perambulation to the North parts Master Hakluyt in his first Edition published the same but it seemeth some incredibilities of his reports caused him to leaue him out in the next Impression the reward oâ— lying being not to be beleeued in truths And for Sir Iohn Hawkins himselfe he had made one Voyage with three ships and three hundred Negros gotten on the Coast of Guinea to Hispaniola 1562. and other Ports and returned with a rich gaine This encouraged him to a second Voyage with the Iesus Salomon Tigre and Swallow 1564. And hauing visited diuers Ports be returned by Florida Anno 1567. their vnfortunate Voyage before mentioned was set forth in which his vniustice to Sauages was chastised by vniustice of Christians in manner as you haue heard Himselfe with his remayning company were first endangered with an extreame storme after that with famine his men dying continually so that the rest being not able to manage the ship and the winds crossing seeking to releeue themselues at Ponte Vedra with fresh meate they grew diseased and many of them died and thereby were also in danger of a second Spanish betraying which they hardly escaping arriued in England Ianuary the twentieth 1568. The Spanish indignities and treacheries were deeply lodged in the wronged minds both of Sir Iohn Hawkins and of Captayne Drake men borne for the honour of the English name and Nation in Marine affaires Sir Iohn Hawkins was sonne to Master William Hawkins of Plimmouth a man much esteemed by King Henry the Eighth as a principall Sea-captaine Hee had long before armed a ship of his owne of two hundred and fifty tunnes called the Paul of Plimmouth wherewith he made two Voyages to Brasill one in the yeere 1530. and the other 1532. in the first of which he brought a Brasilian King as they tearmed him to present him in his wilde accouâ—rements to King Henry It seemed that Sea affaires and arts remayned an Inheritance from the Father to the Sonne and from him also to the Nephew as shall after be seene neither did the West of England yeeld such an Indian Neptuniâ—â— paire as were these two Ocean Peeres Hawkins and Drake A briefe Historie of Sir FRANCIS DRAKES Voyages OF Sir Francis Drake Master Camden reports that he hath heard him say of himselfe that he was borne in the County of Deuon of meane condition his God father was Francis Russell afterwards Earle of Bedford who gaue him his name Francis Whiles he was young his father being called in question for Religion by reason of the sixe Articles set forth by King Henry against the Protestants was driuen to shift and withdrew himselfe into Kent After King Henries death he obtayned a place in the Nauâ—e Royall to reade Seruice and soone after was ordayned Deacon and made Vicar of the Church of Vpnor on the Riuer of Medway where by reason of his pouertie he put this his sonne to serue a Neighbour Mariner which traded with a small Barke into France and Zeland who brought him vp in the Mariners art and tooke such liking of him that at his death he bequeathed being a Bâ—chelour vnto him his Barke This Barke vpon the report of Sir Iohn Hawkins his preparations for that disastrous Voyage 1567. hee sold and ioyned to him in societie aforesaid and at Saint Iohn de Vllua lost all and hardly brought himselfe backe Hereupon seeking by his Mariners practice to repaire his losses and thereby and as a man of warre hauing gotten store of money together he made a second Voyage to recouer in the Spanish Indies what there he had lost quod licere Theologus classiarius facilè persuaserat and with a ship of warre called the Dragon and another ship and a Pinnasse none knowing it but his owne consorts Anno 1572. sayled to Nombre de Dios which Towne he suddenly surprised and lost For hauing landed one hundred and fiftie men and leauing seuentie of them in a Fort with the rest he went to the Market place and there discharged his Calieuers and sounded a Trumpet answered in like manner from the Fort. The Townesmen hereby terrified fled into the Mountaynes But fourteene or fifteene would backe with their Harquebuses to see what the matter was and discouering the Englishmen shot and by hap killed the Trumpeter Hereupon they in the Fort not seeing their Trumpet answered after they had heard the Calieuers supposed all those which had entred were slaine and fled to their Pinnasses The Captayne comming and seeing his men all gone was surprized with a new feare and leauing their furniture they swamme and waded to their Pinnasses and departed the Port. In the Sound of Dariene heehad intelligence by certayne fugitiue Negros of Mules comming Ioden with treasure from Panamâ— to Nombre de Dios and guided by them intercepted two companies of Mules and carried away the Gold only for they were not able to carrie the Siluer thorow the Mountaynes Two dayes after he came to the house of Crosses and burnt aboue 200000. Duckets in Merchandize and so departed When he trauelled ouer those Mountaynes hee beheld thence the South Sea and thereby inflamed with desire of glory and wealth was so rapt with desire of sayling therein that he fell there on his knees and begged of God and besought the fauour of God to assist him in that exploit and made a solemne vow to that purpose one day to sayle on that Sea which euery day and night lay next his heart pricking him forwards to the performance Whiles hee was musing and hatching these haughtie Designes Iohn Oxenham who in the former Nauigations had serued vnder Captayne Drake both Souldier Mariner and Cooke became
to forgiue and true of word Sir Francis hâ—rd in reconciliation and constancie in friendship he was withall seuere and courteous magnaâ—imious and liberall They were both faultie in ambition but more the one then the other For in Sir Francis was an in sâ—tiable desire of honor indeed beyond reason He was infinite in promises and more temperate in aduersity then in better Fortune He had also other imperfections as aptnesse to anger and bitternesse in disgracing and too much pleased with open flattery Sir Iohn Hawkins had in him malice with dissimulation rudenesse in behauiour and passing sparing indeed miserable They were both happy alike in being Great Commanders but not of equall successe and grew great and famous by one meanes rising through their owne Vertues and the Fortune of the Sea Their was no comparison to bee made betweene their wel-deseruing and good parts for therein Sir Francis Drake did farre exceede This is all I haue obserued in the Uoyages wherein I haue serued with them R. M. A briefe recitall or nomination of Souldiers other Englishmens Voyages related at large in the printed Works of Master HAKLVYT OTher Voyages might here be inserted made by Englishmen into the Bay of Mexico as that by Captayne W. Michelson and William Mace of Ratcliffe in the Dogge 1589. which there tooke three shippes They held fight with a Spanish man of Warre who by fraud sought perfidiously to obtayne that which they could not by vnspotted Fortitude They put out a flagge of Truce and after kinde entertaynment aboord the English inuited them to their shippe where they assaulted them stabbing Roger Kingsâ—old the Pilot to the Heart staying others and forcing the rest to trust God and the Sea rather then the Deuill and the Spaniards thus swimming to their ship The valiant fight of the Content a small ship of Sir George Câ—reys Lord Hundsdon Lord Chamberlaine 1591. Iune 13. with three great Spanish ships each of six or seuen hundred and one small shippe and two Gallies farre more beeing slaine of the enemies then the English had to fight I leaue to Master Hakluyts report as also Captayne Christopher Newport his Voyage with three ships and a Pinnasse the same yeere which tooke and spoyled Yaguana and Ocoa in Hispaniâ—la and Truxillo besides other Prizes and in the way homeward were at the taking of the Madre de Dios. The next yeere Captayne Lane Gen. of Master Wats his fleete Captayne Roberts in the Exchange of Bristâ—ll and Captayne Beniamin Wood with foure shippes set forth by the Lord Thomas Howard Captayne Kenell of Lime-house and Captayne King of Ratcliffe Road with thirteene sayles before Hauana wayting for purchase Anno 1594. the Honourable Sir Robert Dudley set forth with two ships and two Pinnasses and made his Voyage to Trinidada and the Coast of Paria returning by the Iles of Granata Santa Cruez Santa Iuan de Puerto Rico Mona Zacheo and Bermuda In which Voyage he and his company tooke or sunke nine Spanish ships of which one was a man of Warre of sixe hundred tuns The particulars are related by himselfe in Master Hakluyt In him also the Reader may find the victorious Voyage of Captayne Amias Presten and Captayne George Summers both since Knights Anno 1595. in which the Iles of Puerto Santo and of Coche neere Margarita the Fort and Towne of Coro the Citie of Saint Iago de Leon were sacked and burnt the Towne of Cumana ransomed and Iamaica entred Sir Antonie Sherley Anno 1596. set forth from Hampton with nine ships and a Galley to Saint Iago Dominica Margarita Iamaica Bay of Honduras and homewards by New foundland This and Captayne Parkers Voyage 1596. to the same parts and Ports with his taking of Campeche the chiefe Towne of Iacatan and bringing thence a Frigat laden with the Kings Tribute Also the Voyages of Sir Walter Raleigh to Guiana and other intelligences of that Nation likewise Master William Hawkins his Voyages to Brasill and those of Reâ—iger and Borey Pudsâ—y Stephen Hare Sir Iames Lancasters taking of Fernambuc Fenton and Ward and Iohn Drakes Voyage after his departure from Fenton vp the Riuer of Plate and liuing fifteene moneths with the Sauages Anno 1582. All these I referre to the painfull labours of Master Hakluyt who hath well deserued of the English Nation and of these Neptunian Heroes that I mention not the many Voyages of others in those times of difference betwixt England and Spaine which here and there you shall finde mention of in these Relations Also Anno 1589. three ships were set forth by Master Chidlie and others for the Magellan Straites one of which arriued there and tooke there a Spaniard one of the foure hundred which had beene sent thither to inhabit which had long liued there alone the rest being famished They spent sixe weekes there with contrary winds and sixe only of their company teturned they also being racked on the Coast of Normandie as W. Magoths one of the sixe hath related These I doe but summarily mention as an Index rather to Master Hakluytâ— labours then with any intent to giue the discourse thereof But the strange fortunes of Peter Carder not hitherto published compell me to take speciall notice thereof which himselfe hath thus related CHAP. V. The Relation of PETER CARDER of Saint Verian in Cornwall within seuen miles of Falmouth which went with Sir FRANCIS in his Voyage about the World begun 1577. who with seuen others in an open Pinnasse or Shallop of fiue tuns with eight Oares was separated from his Generall by foule weather in the South Sea in October An. 1578. who returning by the Straites of Magellan toward Brasill were all cast away saue this one only afore named who came into England nine yeeres after miraculously hauing escaped many strange dangers aswell among diuers Sauages as Christians AFter Sir Francis Drake had passed the Straites of Magellan the sixt of September 1578. and was driuen downe to the Southwards in the South Sea vnto the latitude of fiftie fiue degrees and a terse with such accidents as are mentioned in his Voyage and returning backe toward the Straite againe The eight of October we lost sight of the Elizabeth one of our Consorts wherein Master Iohn Winter was who returned by the Straites againe as wee vnderstood afterward at our comming home into England according to his Voyage extant in print Shortly after his separation from our company our Generall commanded eight men to furnish our small Pinnasse or Shallop with eight men whose names were these my selfe Peter Carder aforesaid Richard Burnish of London Iohn Cottle and another both seruants to Master Iohn Hawkins Artyur a Dutch Trumpetor Richard Ioyner seruant to Vincent Scoble of Plimmouth Pasche Gidie of Salt Ashe and William Pitcher of London This company was commanded to waite vpon the ship for all necessary vses but hauing not passed one dayes victuals in vs nor any Card nor Compasse sauing only the
and hauing vncertaine shoaldings all the way in our way about ten a clocke in the night wee strooke vpon a sand before we could let fall our anchor where wee beat off a piece of our false keele before wee could get off Being gotten off wee came to an anchor in foure fathom and a halfe water and rode there vntill the next morning where wee descryed the land sixe leagues from vs with the entrance of a Riuer The two and twentieth of May wee arriued in the Riuer of Wiapogo in the latitude of three degrees and a halfe to the North of the Line where wee found the people readie to giue vs the best entertainment they could bringing vs Hony Pines Plantons Potatoes Cassaui whereof they make their bread and wine Fish of many sorts Hennes Conies Hogs and such like This day he tooke an oath of all his people to be true to him as long as he abode in the Countrie Then after diuers conferences with the chiefe Indians and namely with two of their Countrie which had beene before in England and could speake some English he found them very willing to haue him and his people abide in their Countrie who pretending want of many necessaries whereof indeed he stood in need and especially of victuals hee went vp the Riuer in his Boat with some fourteene men to take perfect view of a fit place to inhabit in and to sound the depth of the Riuer as they went At his returne he caused his ship to be brought vp hard vnto the falls of the Riuer but after they had stayed there one day finding sundrie inconueniences they came backe againe to their first road with a determination to plant and seate themselues vpon the first Mount or high ground at the entrance of the North side of the Riuer But the Iayos and Sapayos seeing him and his company come downe the Riuer againe entreated him earnestly to stay among them offering him their owne dwelling Houses and Gardens alreadie planted to their hands whereof he accepted to wit of two Houses and of as many Gardens as they thought conuenient to serue his turne with condition that he should ayde and defend them against their enemies the Caribes and others Hereupon they made a great Feast desiring our Captaine to bee at it and they demand of their generalitie of the staying of our men in the Countrey or no. Whereunto they gaue their free consent and desired him withall to send into England for men to teach them to pray This done the next day he brought all his furniture on shoare and bestowed it in the aforesaid houses And for the better assurance of the performance of the Saluages promise he demanded pledges of them to be sent into England whereunto they willingly condescended which where in number fiue whereof two were of good account Hee retayned thirtie fiue Englishmen and Boyes with him sending the rest home in Iune with the fiue Saluages which were plentifully furnished with their Country victuals with Letters to the right Worshipfull Sir Olaue Leigh his brother of his successe and desire to supply his wants which he most kindly twice supplied to his great charge within short time after The Caribes in eight warlike Canowes came to surprize them as farre as the Mount Comaribo whereof the Indians being aduertised by our fishers desired Captaine Leigh to aide them which he did with some foure and twentie of his men in eight Canowes But the battell being begun after they had heard the sound of our Trumpet and Musket they fled to Sea-ward our Canowes chasing them but the enemy being swifter escaped with casting of one of their Canowes which are able to carry twentie men and victuals for ten dayes which Canowe they brought home Within a sennight after our Captaines returne hee made a Voyage in an Indian Canowe hauing Indians to rowe him accompanied only with Thomas Richardson his Refiner of Metals and Iohn Burt his Chirurgion 90. miles by water vp the Riuer of Aracawa to a Nation called the Maurauuas where he traded for Tabacco and Cotton yarne and Cotton-wooll There he left his Chirurgian being sicke and with his Refiner and three Indians whereof one William was his Interpretour went vp to a Nation called Marraias the space of thirtie miles where they passed thorough a goodly Plaine foure miles broad of much stonie ground wherein they saw Deere At length meeting with the people they were kindly entertayned and fed with such as they had as dried Tygres flesh dried Hogges flesh and small fish Then after some discourse they enquired for Gold shewing a Ring An old man spake vnto him and pointed vp into the Countrey and the Captaine asking the Interpreter what he said he told him that he said there was no such that way The Captaine perceiuing the falshood of his Interpretor would goe no further and so returned home where he found vs for the most part sicke and the Indians not so kind vnto vs as they had promised which he much maruelled and grieued at Within three dayes after his returne his shipwright Richard Haward died before hee could make an end of his shallop And in September our Captaine himselfe began to droope partly of griefe to see the weake estate of his people and the ill performance of the Indians promises yet neuerthelesse he ceased not to take order for the Indians bringing in of victuals and such Merchandize as could be gotten as Waxe fine white long Feathers Flaxe Tabacco Parrots Monkeyes greene and blacke Cotton-yarne and Cotton-wooll sweet Gummes red Pepper Vrapo and Apriepo woods Spleene stones matiate stones Roots and Berries which we thought to be medicinable Anato a Berrie or Cod such as the Indians paint themselues red withall mingled with Oyle Vrapo which is the heauie wood whereof they make their Swords and Bowes Apriepo a wood that the Frenchmen and Hollanders fetch away a wood which they call Ayard which they kill fish withall The fishers beate this wood with another piece of wood till it shiuer into flakes which smelleth exceeding strong like Garlicke wherewith in sundry places of the creekes going in according to the depth of the water they beate it vp and downe often in the Riuer which the fish tasting are intoxicated and so distempered with all that they flote and tumble vpon the vpper part of the water and then with Bats and Poles they knocke them on the heads Their bread they make of Cassauia a white Roble commonly a span long and almost so thicke which the women grate in an earthen panne against certaine grates of stone and grate three or foure busshels in a day The iuyce thereof they crush out most carefully beeing ranke poyson raw in a hose of withe which they hang vp vpon an hooke and afterward with a weightie logge which they hang at the other end they squeeze out the water into an earthen pan or piece of a Gourd and then
we had were wonderfull great Insomuch that all the fleete were dispersed and â—ot aboue two ships did hold company together Which put them in great feare lest they shoulâ— haue met with the Hollanders who might with three good ships haue taken all their treaâ—â—re with small adoe for euery little Carauell did put them in feare thinking her to be a man of Warre Vpon 〈…〉 e second day of Februarie 1606. Master Barwicke landed safely thanked bee God at Downes iâ— Kent and gaue me money to bring me to London CHAP. XIIII The Relation of Master IOHN WILSON of Wansteed in Essex one of the last ten that returned into England from Wiapoco in Guiana 1606. CAptaine Charles Leigh and his Brother Sir Olane Leigh did furnish to Sea the good ship called the Phenix with Commodities for the Countrey of Guiana and necessaries for the Voyage with fiftie persons to inhabit Wiapoco of sundry Trades who directing their course towards Wiapoco on the Coast of Guiana which the Spaniards call the Riuer of Canoas arriued on the twentieth of May following where he found a ship of Amsterdam trading with the Indians They perswaded the Indians that our Nation came to inhabit among them only to oppresse them as the Spaniards doe in other parts of the Indies which the Indians themselues confessed vnto Captaine Leigh notwithstanding they offered our Nation no vnkindnesse but vsed them in all the kind manner they could For they prouided whatsoeuer our Company wanted which they could get them In somuch the Gentleman was like to haue done right wel if it had not happened that his Company had not mutined which did partly arise because of the climate which is much hotter then ours And for that they were vnprouided of victuals or other necessaries therefore constrained to liue in such manner as the Indians themselues doe for that they did see at their landing only Mountaynes and Hils couered with Woods And for that the most part of them had beene housholders in England not accustomed vnto such a strange Countrey or Nation nor such a diet for which causes they were so much discontented that they cried to their Captaine home home Thus the Captaine and his whole company was discontented and also the Master of his ship called Martin Prinx who shipped himselfe shortly after their arriuall into the Amsterdamer which they found there whereupon the Captaine placed his Mate Richard Pets of Weymouth to bee Master of the Phenix furnishing him with such victuals as the Countrey affoorded as Cassaui for their bread and Potatoe Roots with fish water and such prouision as they had of their owne aboord appointing Edward Huntly to be their Captaine to goe for England who departed from Wiapoco about the first of Iuly 1605. by whom Captaine Leigh aduertized his Brother Sir Olaue Leigh After whose arriuall Sir Olaue Leigh hee withall speed furnished the aforesaid ship called the Phenix to Sea with Commodities for the Countrey and other necessaries with thirtie men of sundry Trades appointing the aforenamed Richard Pets to be Master and Edward Huntly to bee Captaine they departed from Woollage one the towards Wiapoco who arriued at their Port one the fifteenth of Ianuary following who expected with the rest of their company aboord to haue found the Generall and his company on Land to haue beene in farre better case then they were for that they found them for the most part extreame sickeâ— and some of them dead and presently after their arriuall three or foure men of them died and the Generall himselfe was very weake and much changed which partly proceeded by reason of their great want of victuals for that the Pidians could not at all times prouide them that they wanted And chiefly for that the company were perswaded that the ship would neuer haue returned vnto them againe which plainly appeared amongst them for that at the arriuall of our ship some of them which had not in three monethes time beene a stones cast from their houses came aboord of vs a mile and more from their houses in weake estate which caused very much discontent amongst our fresh water Souldiers aboord and they were the more discontented because they could not aduertize them of any commodities the Country yeelded which would affoord them present benefit insomuch that they wished themselues in England again During which parley our Generall came not aboord of vs for that he was at his house called Mount Howard a mile and more vp into the Land which stood on a hil very pleasantly situated but according to the Country manner by reason that their enemies should not wel find their houses nor suddenly assault them haue there fore very rough passages vnto them inuironed all with Mountaines Woods and Hils Wherefore the Generall sent one Sidney Harrington vnto Captaine Huntly M. Tederington Preacher and to the Master of the ship to land their company in Possession Bay a place which the Indians gaue vnto our Generall and therefore by him so named At whose landing according vnto the Generall his Commission they were all sworne vnto certaine Articles as that they should acknowledge Captaine Charles Leigh to bee their chiefe Generall of Guiana vnder King Iames our King of Great Britaine and that they should not be hurtfull vnto the said Generall his proceedings but to ayde and assist him to their vttermost powers Which being effected our Generall came vnto vs and after kinde salutations hauing taken order for our Lodgings for that time hee departed from vs. The Indians in like manner after their Countrey fashons kindly entertained vs and after further conference had with our Generall hee related at large vnto vs what had happened vnto him and his company in their absence that by reason of his company their discontent and sicknesse they had not trauelled vp into the mayne Land and therfore of his owne knowledge hee could not certifie them of any other commoditie the Countrey did yeeld then such as hee knew of before their departure but the Indians had informed them that there was vp in the Mayne very rich commodities as also Gold and siluer and especially in the Riuer of Caliane where the Caribes inhabit who are enemies vnto our Indians of Wiapoco and so called by them Vpon which information our Generall thought it would haue beene best to haue peaceably traded with the Caribes But our company misliked thereof insomuch that the Generall altered his determination and agreed to ioyne with their friend Indians against the Caribes their enemies Whereof hauing aduertized the chiefest of them they most kindly embraced their offer presently made eight of their Canoas in a readinesse furnishing them with Bread and Drinke and Victuals which for the most part are Crabbes and Fish with some hundred of themselues all naked in their Canoas whome our Generall accompanied with some eight and thirtie of our company leauing the rest to keepe our Shippe and Houses shipping the most part
of them in a Pinnasse that was built by one named Howard the Keele whereof hee made of a Canoa which prooued a very fitting Pinnasse for those parts and Riuers This Pinnasse after our Generals death the Indians did breake a pieces because they thought wee would haue stolne away from them in her vnto the Spaniards And the rest of our company were placed in their Canoas all of vs furnished with our Caleeuers and so wee departed on our Iourney and Voyage on the sixe and twentieth of February on which day at night wee came to a place which wee named Mount Huntly where wee lodged in the Woods that night our Generall commanding vs to keepe a good watch which wee need not to haue done for the Indians themselues were very watchfull and wonderfull carefull of our Caleeuers and for to keepe our Powder drie after we had beene acquainted with them and very diligent for to please vs. The next day at night we came to a place called the Cou and there wee lodged and the next day following we came into the Riuer of Wia and there we found two or three of the Caribes Canoas but all their men were runne vp into the Woodes and from thence our Generall went vp farther into the Riuer where wee burned certaine of their houses not finding any people in them From whence our Generall purposed to haue gone farther into the Riuer of Caliane But the Indians did aduertize him that there was an English ship there whom the Generall knew to bee one Iohnson of Plimmouth that had beene some fourteene dayes before at Wiapoco and came thither in the way of Trade But our Generall would not suffer him so to doe for that he would not hinder himselfe and his company which our Generall at that time called to minde and therefore thought it not good to proceed in the Riuer because hee doubted that there would haue risen contention betwixt his company and Iohnsons and for that hee also misdoubted wee should haue wanted Bread and Drinke if hee should haue proceeded in his iourney and therefore returned to Wiapoco where we arriued all except one Canoa About the fourteenth day of March. Our Generall sent with foure of our Nation named Blake Owen Goldwell William Crandall and Henry Powell with commodities vp into the Countrey some thirtie leagues to a place called Urake to the Inhabitants there named Arwakes to trade with them And after our iourney by reason of such Raine and foule weather as wee had in the same most of our company fell sicke and for that they had no comfortable drinkes nor any comforts thaâ— sicke persons doe want diuers of them died of the Fluxe which the Indians as also the Disease called the Calenture know right well for to cure yet concealed it from our Generall But vnto vs after his death they did reueale which sicknesse amongst the company caused no small griefe vnto our Generall and chiefly to see such wants amongst them wherefore hee resolued with himselfe to goe for England which hee acquainted the company with promising them to returne as speedily as hee could with prouision Presently after he had shipped his prouision and such Commodities as hee had gathered together in the Countrey and was in a readinesse to depart for England he sickned of the Fluxe and died aboord his ship and was by Captaine Huntly secretly buried on the Land the twentieth of March whose death was so secretly kept by the Captaine and the Master of the ship that most of the company knew not thereof The reason was because there was prouision too little for them which were shipped and others of the company if they had knowne thereof would haue pressed to haue come with them Wherefore Captaine Huntly with Master Tederington our Preacher and others set saile from Wiapoco towards England on the second of Aprill 1605. promising a ship to returne vnto vs within seuen moneths God not hindering their intents which had happened for Sir Olaue Leigh to his great charge had prouided a great Fly-boat of the burthen of one hundred and seuenty tunnes furnished for to haue come for Wiapoco as I haue heard since my being here in London before Captaine Huntly his arriuall in England but it pleased God that she neuer came to Wiapoco so that we had no comfort of her being in number left at Captaine Huntlies departure out of the Countrey thirtie fiue persons of whom one named Richard Sacksie was by Captaine Leigh in his life time appointed to bee chiefe amongst vs who shipped himselfe into a ship of Middleborough who came into the Riuer about the first of May 1605. and fourteene more of our company with him and more that Zelander would haue carried if Sacksie would haue suffered him such was his kindnesse towards our Nation Hee gaue vnto vs such wine and other comforts as he had vnto our great reliefes His comming vnto vs to Wiapoco was to haue sold vnto our Generall Negroes whose kindnesse we did requite in helping him to such commodities as wee had and did get the Indians to prouide Cassaui and Guinea Wheate for bread with Potato Roots for his Negroes to eat who departed on the one and twentieth of May after he had bin some three weekes in the Riuer of Wiapoco for Point de Ray where he shipped of our company into his Countrimens ships some in one ship and some into others for Holland of which ships we heard that some of them were taken by the Spaniards and they were cast ouer-boord with the Hollanders The same day the Hollander departed which was the one and twentieth of May came vnto vs a French ship of Saint Mallors who dealt very kindly with vs wherefore wee did suffer him to trade with the Indians who did remayne there some two moneths vnto whom many strange Indians did bring their commodities and at his departure hee shipped ten of our men hee tooke Powder and other commodities of vs which we had for their passage into France leauing tenne of vs behind him of which two died before the ship was out of ken of vs Nicholas Wilkins and Andrew Vnderhill But within some fourteene dayes after two of those foure which our Generall had sent to trade vnto Urake came vnto vs not expecting euer to haue seene them the other two were drowned by the way These two named Owen Goldwell and William Candall which came to vs reported they had beene some fortie miles vp into the Land in a very plaine pleasant Countrey and brought commodities hereafter written of About the middle of Iuly our number of ten were all in good health spending our time in planting of Carow called Flaxe whereof we planted about twentie English Acres of Land and some Tabacco obseruing the manners and conditions of the people the nature of the Land and what commodities it yeeldeth and what commodities of ours are in most request with them
paces broad one hundred persons keepe together in one of those houses they are most artificially builded and thetched so that no raine commeth into them although in Aprill May and Iune and most of Iuly very extreame raine doth fall there Also they make Pots of earth which shew as if they were guilded and some of them will hold thirtie or fortie gallons of liquor they are very faire to behold and very sweete to keepe any thing in They make Baskets of diuers sorts most artificially and their beds which they call Hamakes they are some of them made of Cotten wooll and some of barkes of trees they vse to lye in them hanging They haue a great delight to paint themselues both men and women and especially when they goe to any Feast The women against their day of trauell in childe bearth make for that time a roome apart in the house whereunto they goe all alone and are deliuered without any helpe at all and presently after the childe is borne she calleth for her husband and deliuereth him the childe who presently washeth it in a pot of water and painteth it with sundry colours which seemed very strange vnto me that I did not heare the women once so much as to groane or to make any moane at all in all her time of her trauell if any one of them dieth they doe vse to make great moane for them some ten or twelue daies together after his death or longer according as the partie was beloued in his life time And touching such kinde of Beasts as are in the woods as well about Wiapoco as in other places of the Countrie There are great store of Deere Hares and Conies Hogges and many Monkies great and small blacke and greene which sorts are called Marmosites and great red ones as bigge as Baboones those the Indians doe kill and eate and there are Leopards and Porcupines and Lyons for in one place we did see a Lyon which the Indians had killed they brought all their boyes they had and did lay them on the Lyons backe and with a whip did giue euery of them three lashes wherefore they did so we could not learne but imagined it was because they should remember the place where the Lyon was killed also there are great store of Otters and a beast which is called an Aligator he hath a cod that smelleth like the Muske cod Of Foules I haue seene Cockes Hennes Duckes and Geese Partridges Wood-doues Herneshaws Shouellers and a foule of a crimson colour called Passeray Fiemingo great store of white foules which the Indians call Wakcrouses great store of Parrats and Parrakeits which flye there in sholes like Starlings here in England also there is a Parrat there as bigge as a great Hen blew and red very beautifull to behold and multitudes of foules of other sorts and Hawkes of diuers sorts in the woods and Riuers And of fish there are great abundance of all sorts both of fresh water fish and Sea fish and Crabbes great store and the Indians take their fish with a kinde of wood which they beate against some stone or other tree vntill one end thereof be all bruised and putting that into the Riuer presently the fish become drunke and run themselues on the shoare and swim aboue water as our Haddockes doe in England There are store of good Rootes and Plants with Fruites as the Pina and Plantine Potatoes Nappoyes and a fruite called of the Indians Poppoyes it is bigger then an Apple and very pleasant to eate and sundry sorts of Plums and other sorts of fruites whereof they make drinke very pleasant to be drunke There are these commodities at Wiapocco and in other places of the Countrie where I haue trauelled Woods of blacke red and yellow colours Tobacco Guinie pepper Cotten wooll Carow of vs called Flaxe Anoto Berrieâ— which dye a very faire Stammell colour Spignard whereof a precious Oyle may be made Gummes of diuers sorts Bee-waxe Feathers of the best sorts such as Ladies doe weare in their hats and other Feathers abundance There grow naturally in many places Sugar Canes and great abundance of Carow of it selfe called of vs Flaxe and of the Spaniard Pero Also they make Oyle which they paint themselues with of a kinde of Nut bigger then a Chestnut whereof are great abundance growing and the Manety stone is to be had in the Aracores Countrie and in no other place of the Indies that I haue heard of These things I noted but if so we had expected certainely for to haue had a Ship of our owne Nation to haue come vnto vs I my selfe and the rest of vs should haue beene encouraged to haue obserued more then I haue done Neither had we any store of commodities to trade vp in the Maine as the two Hollanders hath which are there and were left there at our comming from thence by Iohn Sims Master of a Ship called the Hope of Amsterdam of the burthen of one hundred tuns Fraughted by the Merchants of Amsterdam and by their Charter partie was bound to lye in the Riuer of Wiapoco and of Caliane six moneths time which he did for he lay with vs at Wyapoco from the twentieth of December vnto the twentieth of May following trading with the Indians and sought most after the Manitâ— stone and Carow which we call Flaxe They furnished there two Factors very well with Commodities which they left at Wyapoco They dealt very kindely with vs for he shipped all our whole company which were nine of vs. Taking our leaues of the Indians who were as vnwilling to part from our companies as we were willing to goe into our owne Countrie saying vnto vs that if any of vs euer came to them againe to trade with them No other Nation should trade there but we And after they knew of our departure whilest we remained amongst them they brought their children vnto vs for to name after our great mens names of England which we did They had often speech of Sir Walter Rawleigh and one came farre out of the Maine from Orenogâ—e to enquire of vs of him saying he promised to haue returned to them before that time After we had prouided our necessaries and such commodities as we had and had giuen the Indians great charge of the Hollanders Factors we shipped our selues and departed from Wiapoco on the last of May 1606. And from thence we went into the Riuer of Caliane where our Master Iohn Sims traded some thirtie dayes with the Caribes and other of the Indians This Sims was Masters mate of the Holland Shippe which Captaine Lee found in the Riuer of Wiapoco at his first arriuall there also he was Master of the Ship which the Indians aduertised vs was in the Riuer of Amazons and according to their saying God be thanked he came to vs to our Comforts After his departure out of the Riuer of Caliane he sailed vnto Trinidado
too great for so few shâ—ps of no greater burden was in all fourscore and seuenteene whereof threescore were Land-men Being thus imbarked wee set saile from the Rainge at Dartmouth the said three and twentieth of March but the winde altering vpon a sudden put vs backe againe that euening and about two of the clocke the next morning it comming better for vs we weighed anchor and put to Sea the euening following we lost sight of the Lizzard and steered away for the Canaries The seuenth day of Aprill we fell with Alegranza and Lancerote two Ilands of the Canaries we stood in with Alegranza and came to anchor on the South-west side thereof that euening and the next day I landed my companie to exercise their limmes on shoare in this Iland wee found no Inhabitants nor fresh water neither fruitfull Tree Plant Herbe Grasse nor any thing growing that was good onely an abundance of vnwholsome Sea-fowle which after one meale were vnsauourie and distastefull and a few wilde Capritos or wilde Goats which the craggy Rocks defended from our hands and hungrie mouthes The eighth of Aprill we departed from Alegranza and directed our course for Tenerife another of the Ilands The eleuenth day I sent the Pinnasse and the Shallop to water at the Calmes and there to attend my comming but with my ship I held my course for Orotauo a Towne on the other side of the Iland in hope to get some wine amongst the Merchants there but not being able by reason of a contrarie winde to double Punta de Nega wee altered our course from Wine to Water And the twelfth day wee passed by Santa Cruz and watered that euening at the Calmes This watering place is very conuenient for all such as passe by those Ilands and is thus to bee found there is a woodden Crosse neere vnto it the high Pike of Tenerife beareth due North from it There is also a ledge of Rocks to the Eastward of the landing place which is a short Sandie Bay When you are landed you shall finde the place about fortie or fiftie yards from the Sea side Then we stood on our course for the Riuer of Wiapoco in Guiana hauing a prosperous winde faire weather and a smooth Sea The ninth day of May wee fell into the Current of the great and famous Riuer of Amazones which putteth out into the Sea such a violent and mightie streame of fresh water that being thirtie leagues from land we drunke thereof and found it as fresh and good as in a Spring or Poole This Riuer for the great and wonderfull breadth contayning at the mouth neere sixtie leagues is rightly termed by Iosephus Acosta the Empresse and Queene of all Flouds and by Hiâ—ronymus Giraua Tarraconensis it is said to bee the greatest not onely of all India but also of the whole world and for the greatnesse is called of many the Sweet Sea It riseth and floweth from the Mountaines of Peru and draweth out her streames in many windings and turnings vnder the Equinoctiall for the space of one thousand and fiue hundred leagues and more although from her Fountaines and Springs vnto the Sea it is but sixe hundred When we entred into the aforesaid Current we sounded and had fortie foure fathome water sandie sounding The tenth day the colour of the water changed and became muddie whitish and thicke then we sounded againe at noone and had thirtie fathome and seuenteene at foure in the afternoone The eleuenth day at eight of the clocke in the morning wee made land the vttermost Point thereof bearing West from vs and came to anchor in fiue fathom water At night the Patience putting in to neere the shoare came to anchor in two fathome and a halfe water vpon the floud which fell from her vpon the ebbe and left her drie vpon the Oaze and the next floud comming in did so shake and beate her against the ground that before shee could get off her rudder was beaten away and her ribs so rent and crased that if Almightie God had not preserued her shee had beene wrackt but God be thanked with much adoe shee came off into deeper water and mended her Rudder as well as the time and place would afford means Then we followed on our course coasting along to the North North-west the Land so trending It is very shoale all along this Coast the ground soft oaze but no danger to be feared keeping our ship in fiue fathom water When we came to the latitude of two degrees and a halfe wee anchored in a goodly Bay by certaine Ilands called Carripapoory I did at that time forbeare to make particular discouerie of this Coast intending if God spare me life to make a perfect discouerie of the famous Riuer of Amazones and of her seuerall branches and Countries bordering vpon it and of all this tract of land from the Amazones vnto the Riuer of Wiapoco which contayneth many goodly Prouinces and Signiories which are in this discourse but briefly mentioned For at this time I purposed onely to prosecute my first proiect which hastened me vnto another place From hence I stood along the Coast and the seuenteenth of May I came to anchor in the Bay of Wiopoco where the Indians came off vnto vs in two or three Canoes as well to learne of what Nation we were as also to trade with vs who vnderstanding that we were English men boldly came aboard vs one of them could speake our language well and was knowne to some of my companie to be an Indian that sometime had beene in England and serued Sir Iohn Gilbert many yeeres they brought with them such dainties as their Countrie yeeldeth as Hens Fish Pinas Platanaes Potatoes bread of Cassaui and such like cates which were heartily welcome to my hungrie companie In recompence whereof I gaue them Kniues Beades Iewes trumps and such toyes which well contented them But when I had awhile entertayned them and made known vnto them the rerurne of the Indian Martin their Countriman whom I brought with mee out of England they seemed exceeding ioyfull supposing that he had beene dead being aboue foure yeeres since he departed from them The Indian before mentioned to haue serued Sir Iohn Gilbert whose name was Iohn whilest he liued for he is now dead and dyed a Christian was a great helpe vnto vs because hee spake our language much better then either of those that I brought with mee and was euer firme and faithfull to vs vntill his death By him I vnderstood that their Towne was situate vpon the East side of the Hill in the mouth of Wiapoco and was called Caripo that the Indian Martin was Lord thereof and that in his absence his brother was chiefe Moreouer hee certified mee that the principall Indian of that Riuer was called Carasana who by good fortune was then at Caripo and so hauing spent some time in other conference and friendly entertainment they tooke their
aboue two houres which time they spent in debating the matter after their manner and drinking Aquauitae and in the end desired my presence and made me this answere That they were contented and well pleased we should liue amongst them that they would furnish vs with houses to lodge in and prouide all necessaries for vs in the best manner they could But whereas I said our King would permit his people to liue and abide amongst them and defend them against their enemies they answered it was a thing they greatly desired and had expected long and now they made much doubt thereof and said they were but words hauing heretofore beene promised the like but nothing performed To resolue that doubt and make good my speeches I told them what I had spoken should certainely be performed and to that end I would leaue my brother in their Country and some of my company with him to dwell amongst them vntill a greater supply might be sent from England for their better defence Then they seemed to giue credit to my words And so after much talke and many complements to please the naked people I gaue to Cara sana a Sword and to the rest some other things which pleased them well and then after their manner taking their leaue they departed The next day the Indian Martyn went ashoare and seemed ioyfull that he had againe recouered his owne home The day following I tooke land with my companies in armes and colours displayed and went vp vnto the Towne where I found all the women and children standing at their doores to behold vs. The principall Indians came out vnto me and inuited me into the Captaines house which vntill the returne of Martyn belonged vnto his brother as chiefe Lord in his absence I went vp with them and was friendly feasted with many kindes of their Countrie cates when I had well eaten and refreshed my selfe Martyn tooke me by the hand and said that he had not any thing wherewith to requite my kindenesse towards him in such manner as he desired neither had he such delicate fare and good lodging for vs as in England heretofore we had beene vsed vnto but humbly intreated me to accept of his house in good part for my selfe and the Gentlemen of my company and the rest should be lodged in other Indian houses adioyning and that such prouision as the Country yeeldeth should be prouided for vs. His speech was approued by the rest of the Indians present who tooke me by the hand one after another and after their manner bad me welcome I gaue them many thankes and some rewards for their kinde entertainment and then disposed my company in conuenient lodgings but yet I kept a continuall guard as in time of warre When I had thus setled my company at this village I went out to view the scituation of the place and the aduantages for defence thereof It is a great rockie Mountaine not accessable by reason of fast woods and steepe rockes but onely in certaine places which are narrow foote-paths very steepe and easie to be defended whereby we were lodged as in a Fort and most conueniently in respect the harbour was so neere for our Ships did ride at anchor vnderneath vs ouer against the foote of the hill Being thus arriued vpon the Coast I found the time of the yeare so vnseasonable for our purpose that by reason of continuall raines we were constrained to lye still and doe nothing for the space of three weekes or a moneth in which idle time I conferred with the Indians sometime with one sometime with another and by helpe of my Indian Anthony Canabre and the Indian Iohn aboue mentioned whom I vsed for my interpreters I gathered from them as well as I could the State of their Countrie the manner of their gouernment and liuing how they stood with their neighbours in tearmes of peace and warre and of what power and strength they were I inquired also of the seasons of the yeare in those parts of their diuision and account of times and numbers of the prouisions of their Countrie for victuals and other necessaries and made a diligent inquiry of all the commodities their Country yeeldeth and what things were of most estimation amongst them all which I haue briefely declared vnto your Highnesse in this following discourse THis goodly Countrie and spacious Empire is on the North part bounded with the Sea and the great Riuer of Orenoque wherein Sir Walter Raleigh performed his worthy and memorable discouery on the East and South parts with the famous Riuer of Amazones and on the West part with the Mountaines of Peru. The westermost branch of the Riuer of Amazones that falleth into the Sea is called Arrapoco vpon which Riuer are seated many goodly Signiories well deseruing a particular discouery which shall by Gods permission be performed hereafter To the North of Arrapoco is the Riuer of Arrawary which is a goodly Riuer discouering a gallant Countrie From Arrawary vnto the Riuer of Cassipurogh extendeth the Prouince of Arricary containing the Signiories of Arrawary Maicary and Cooshebery of which Anakyury is principall who by Nation is a Yaio and fled from the borders of Orenoque for feare of the Spaniards to whom he is a mortall enemy He hath seated himselfe in the Prouince of Arricary and now dwelleth at Morooga in the Signiory of Maicari To the North North-west of which there falleth into the Sea a Riuer called Conawini whereupon the Signiory of Cooshebery bordereth whereof an Indian named Leonard Ragapo is Chiefe vnder the subiection of Anaki-v-ry This Indian is christened and hath beene heretofore in England with Sir Walter Raleigh to whom he beareth great affection he can a little vnderstand and speake our language and loueth our Nation with all his heart During my aboad at Wiapoco hauing intelligence of him and of his Country and that certaine stones were found therein supposed to be Diamonds I sent my Cozen Captaine Fisher to discouer the same and fetch some of those stones to be resolued of the truth At his comming thither Leonard entertained him with all kindenesse not after the ordinary rude manner of the Indians but in more ciuill fashion and with much respect and loue he furnished him with guides to conduct him through the Country to the place where the Stones were found being fifty miles Southward vp into the Land beyond which place there is an high Mountaine appearing in sight called Cowob and on the top thereof as the Indians report a great Lake or Poole full of excellent fish of diuers kindes The Countrey was as pleasant and delightfull as euer any man beheld but the Stones not Diamonds yet they were Topases which being well cut and set in Gold by a cunning workman doe make as faire a shew and giue as good a lustre as any Diamond whatsoeuer which yeelde good hopes of better to be found
merchandise There is no Vines in that Country but the Soyle being rich and fertile and the climate hot if they were planted there they would prosper exceedingly and yeelde good Sackes and Canary wines which in those parts we finde to be very wholesome Many other necessary prouisions sufficient for the sustenance of man doe there abound in plenty Namely Deere of all sorts wilde Swine in great numbers whereof there are two kindes the one small by the Indians called Pockiero which hath the nanile in the backe the other is called Paingo and is as faire and large as any we haue in England There be store of Hares and Conies but of a kinde far differing from ours There be Tigers Leopards Ounces Armadils Maipuries which are in taste like Beefe wil take falt Baremoes or Ant-Beares which taste like Mutton other small beasts of the same taste coloured like a Fawne Elkes Monkies and Marmosites of diuers sorts both great and small of these beasts there bee innumerable and by experience we haue found them all good meate Many other kindes of beasts there are of sundry and strange shapes which hereafter shall be figured in their true proportion according to the life with their names annexed Of Fowles there bee diuers kindes namely Wild-ducks Widgins Teales Wild-geese Herons of diuers colours Cranes Storkes Pheasants Patridges Doues Stock-doues Black-birds Curlewes Godwits Woodcokes Snites Parrots of sundry sorts many other kindes of great and small Birds of rare colours besides great rauenous Fowles and Hawkes of euery kinde Of fish the varietie is great first of Sea fish there is Sea-breame Mullet Soale Scate Thornebacke the Sword-fish Sturgeon Seale a fish like vnto a Salmon but as the Salmon is red this is yellow Shrimps Lobsters and Oysters which hang vpon the branches of Trees There is a rare fish called Cassoorwa which hath in each eye two sights and as it swimmeth it beareth the lower sights within the water and the other aboue the ribs and back of this fish resemble those parts of a man hauing the ribs round and the back flat with a dent therein as a man hath it is somewhat bigger then a Smelt but farre exceeding it for daintie meate and many other sorts there be most excellent Of fresh-water fish many kindes vnknowne in these parts but all exceeding good and daintie And I dare be bold to say that this Countrie may compare with any other of the world for the great varietie of excellent fish both of the Sea and fresh Waters There is also a Sea-fish which vsually commeth into the fresh waters especially in the winter and wet season it is of great esteeme amongst vs and we account it halfe flesh for the bloud of it is warme it commeth vp into the shallow waters in the drowned lands and feedeth vpon grasse and weedes the Indians name it Coiumero and the Spaniards Manati but wee call it the Sea-cow in taste it is like beefe will take salt and serue to victuall ships as in our knowledge hath beene proued by our Countrimen Of this fish may bee made an excellent oile for many purposes the fat of it is good to frie either fish or flesh the hide as I haue heard will make good buffe and being dried in the Sunne and kept from wet will serue for Targets and Armour against the Indian arrowes In the wet season the store of them are infinite some of these hides were heretofore brought into England by Sir Walter Rawleigh The seuerall kindes of fruits are many the Pina Platana Potato Medler Plums of diuers forts the Nuts of strange kindes The excellency of the Pina I cannot expresse for I dare boldly affirme that the world affoordeth not a more delicate fruit In taste it is like Straw-berries Claret-wine and Sugar The Platana is also a very good fruit and tasteth like an old Pippin The Potato is well knowne The Medler exceedeth in greatnesse The Plums I cannot commend for to eate much of them doth cause fluxes which in those Countries are dangerous The Nuts are good being moderately eaten HAuing thus most excellent Prince declared the seuerall sorts of prouisions for victuals and necessarie foodes it remayneth that I now make mention of the varietie of commodities found in the Countrie for the trade of merchandise which in few yeeres by our paines and industrie may be brought to perfection and so setled in those parts that not onely the vndertakers may receiue reward for their indeuours but our Countrie also may grow rich by trading for the fruits of our labours The first and principall commoditie of estimation are the Sugar-canes whereof in those parts there is great plentie the soile is as fertill for them as in any other part of the world They doe there grow to great bignesse in a short time by orderly and fit planting of them and by erecting conuenient workes for the boyling and making of Sugars which at the first will require some charge and expence may be yeerly returned great benefit and wealth the long experience of the Portugals and Spaniards in Brasil and the Iland of the Canaries and of the Moores in Barbarie may giue vs certaine assurance and full satisfaction thereof The Cotton wooll is a generall commoditie beneficiall to our Merchants and profitable to our Countrie by making of Fustians and seruing for Bumbaste and other vses for making of Hamaccas which are the Indian beds most necessarie in those parts and also of a fine cotton cloth for clothing of the people There is a naturall Hempe or Flax of great vse almost as fine cloth it is most excellent There bee many rare and singular commodities for Dyers of which sort there is a red berrie called Annoto which being rightly prepared by the Indians dyeth a perfect and sure Orange-tawnie in silke it hath beene sold in Holland for twelue shillings starling the pound and is yet of a good price There is another berrie that dyeth blue There is also a gumme of a tree whereof I haue seene experience that in cloth dyeth a sure and perfect yellow in graine There bee leaues of certaine Trees which being rightly prepared doe die a deepe red There is also a wood which dyeth a purple and is of a good price and another that dyeth yellow There is yet another wood which dyeth a purple when the liquor is hot and a crimson when the liquor is cold Many other notable things there are no doubt not yet knowne vnto vs which by our diligent labour and obseruation in time will be discouered and found The sweet Gummes of inestimable value and strange operation in physicke and chirurgerie are innumerable there is yellow Amber Gumma Lemnia Colliman or Carriman Barratta and many more which I omit The Collman hath beene proued by Master Walter Cary of Wictham in Buckinghamshice a Gentleman of great iudgement and practice in physicke to be of speciall regard
hee would send some of them in the Kings Packet others to his Vncle Don Rodrigo de Castro Cardinall and Archbishop of Seuill and to other friends of his Not making any doubt but that they would bee speedily in England For which I thanked him and accepted his courtesie and although I was my selfe vnable to write yet by the hands of a seruant of mine I wrote three or foure copies of one Letter to my Father Sir Iohn Hawkins In which I briefly made relation of all that had succeeded in our Voyage The dispatches of Spaine and New Spaine went by ordinarie course in ships of aduice but that for the Peru was sent by a kinsman of the Generals called Don Francisco de la Cuena Which being dispatched Don Beltran hasted all that euer he could to put his ships in order to returne to Lyma Hee caused the Daintie to be grounded and trimmed for in those Ilands it higheth and falleth some fifteene or sixteene foot water And the Generall with his Captaines and some Religious men being aboord her and new naming her named her the Uisitation for that shee was rendred on the day on which they celebrate the Visitation of the Virgin Marie In that place the ground being plaine and without vantage whereby to helpe the tender sided and sharpe Ships they are forced to shoare them on either side In the middest of their solemnitie her props and shores of one side fayled and so shee fell ouer vpon that side suddenly intreating many of them which were in her very badly and doubtlesse had shee beene like the ships of the South Sea shee had broken out her bulge but being without Masts and emptie for in the South Sea when they bring aground a shippe they leaue neither Mast Balast nor any other thing aboord besides the bare Hull her strength was such as it made no great showe to haue receiued any dâ—mage but the feare shee put them all into was not little and caused them to runne out of her faster then a pace In these Ilands is no succour nor refreshing onely in the one of them is one house of straw and a little spring of small moment For the water which the Shippes vse for their prouision they fetch from another Iland two leagues West North-west of these which they call Tabaga hauing in it some fruit and refreshing and some few Indians to inhabite it What succeeded to mee and to the rest during our Imprisonment with the rarities and particularities of the Peru and Tierra firme my Voyage to Spaine and the successe with the time I spent in prison in the Peru in the Tercera in Seuill and in Madrid with the accidents which befell mee in them I leaue for a second part of this discourse if God giue life and conuenient place and rest necessarie for so tedious and troublesome a worke desiring God that is Almightie to giue his blessing to this and the rest of my intentions that it and they may be fruitfull to his glorie and to the good of all then shall my desires bee accomplished and I account my selfe most happie To whom be all glory and thankes from all eternitie CHAP. VI. A briefe Note written by Master IOHN ELLIS one of the Captaines with Sir RICHARD HAWKINS in his Voyage through the Strait of MACELAN begunne the ninth of Aprill 1593. concerning the said Straite and certaine places on the coast and Inland of Peru. THe second of Februarie 1593. wee fell with the Land of Terra Australis in 50 degrees fiftie fiue leagues off the Straite of Magelan which Land lay East and by North or East North-east from the Straite which is a part of Terra Australis from which Land wee entred the Straite vpon the West South-west course then we ran ten leagues West North-west other ten leagues West South-west then eight leagues South-west and came to an anchor on the starboord side in a hooke where you may moore any ship in twelue fathomes water From thence wee ranne South-west and by South seuen leagues where we came to an Iland called Penguin Iland and tooke in fiue or sixe tunnes of Penguins and flayed them and salted them Thence twelue leagues South South-west and found good riding in twelue fathoms fine sand from thence to Port Famine the new Towne of Pedro Sarmiento fiue leagues South-west Then West North-west sixteene leagues where we anchored in good riding Then North-west and by West till wee came to the Riuer of Geneuera on the starboord side eight leagues Then fiue leagues North-west Then North-west and by West thirtie leagues till wee came out of the Straite which is in length one hundred and eleuen leagues The mouth or entrance of the Straite is in thirtie two degrees and an halfe and the Out-let is in the same heigth The middle is in fiftie foure degrees and a terce After wee were come out of the Straite wee went away North-west and by North fortie leagues into the Sea then North vntill wee came to the Iland of Mocha which is in thirtie eight degrees and thirtie minutes where we had good trade with the People This I le is three leagues long where great reliefe of Mutton Mais and other things may bee had from the Indians This I le is twelue leagues from the mayne Land From thence wee went North and past by the I le of Saint Marie from thence vnto Valparaiso which standeth in thirtie three degrees into which Hauen I went with our Boate and tooke foure shippes in which wee had Wines and other good prouition and there wee remayned the space of twelue dayes And in this time I went on shoare and tooke fiue houses which were full of Wine and other good things And in this time there came a shippe by the Harbour which the Generall went to take but hee did not yet I with twelue men did take her and within one houre the Generall came to vs. The shippe had clothes of Cotton for men to weare of the Indian making and some Gold Valparaiso is a Port and a 〈◊〉 in the bottome of the Bay where they make excellent Wine From thence eighteene leagues into the Land is Saint Iago a great Towne of Spaniards From thence wee passed to Arica which is in twentie degrees as I take it All this Coast lieth North and South From thence wee passed to Pisco and Chincha where the Generall and the Master Hugh Cornish went to goe on shoare but they did not Heere wee met with sixe of the Kings shippes which came to seeke vs but at that time wee escaped them These places are in fourteene degrees and an halfe From thence wee passed by the Citie of Lima which is in twelue degrees and an halfe From thence by Paita which is an Hauen and a Towne and standeth in fiue degrees From thence wee passed by the Equinoctiall Line and went to Atacame where wee were taken the two and twentieth
for discouering and peopling of vnknowne parts not actually possessed by any Christian Prince dated March 25. A. Reg. 26. The 27. of Aprill 1584. he set forth two Barkes vnder the command of Master Phillip Amadas and Master Arthur Barlow which arriued on that part of America which that Virgin Queene stiled Virginia and thereof in her Maiesties name tooke possession Iuly 13. and hauing taken view and liking of the Countrey and had conference and trade with the Sauages obseruing aboue foureteene seuerall sweete smelling timber trees and many other commodities they returned with two of the Sauages Wanchese and Manteo and arriued in England in September Aprill 9. 1585. Sir Richard Greeneuile was sent by Sir Walter Raleigh with a fleete of seuen saile which landed in the I le of Saint Iohn Port Ricco May 12. and there fortified themselues and built a Pinnace The Spaniard promised to furnish them with victuals but did not whereupon they tooke two Frigates In Hispaniola they had friendly greetings and trade Iune 26. they anchored at Wocokon where by the vnskilfulnesse of Fernando the Master their Admirall strooke on ground and sunke In the 25. of Iuly the Generall returned for England and tooke a Spanish Ship of three hundred tunne richly Iaden by the way boording her with a Boate made of the boords of Chests which as soone as hee had boorded her fell in sunder and sunke at the Ships side In the Countrie was a Colonie left vnder the gouernment of Master Ralph Lane viz Master Phillip Amadas Master Hariot Master Acton Master Edward Stafford Master Prideox Captaine Vaughan and aboue a hundred others Master Lane writ from his new Fort in Virginia that if Uirginia had Kine and Horses in reasonable proportion no Countrie in Christendome were comparable to it They discouered from Roanoak to the Chesepians aboue one hundred and thirty miles to Chawanock North-West as farre The Sauages conspired against the English the principall was Pemisapan who lost his head in the quarrell in the beginning of Iune 1586. and Sir Francis Drake comming thither from the sacke of diuers Spanish Townes to visite the Colony on the nineteenth tooke the Colony with him in his victorious Fleete and brought them into Englaâ—d The same yeere had Sir Walter Raleigh prepared a ship of a hundred tun fraught with prouision for the Colonie which setting forth late arriued at Hartoraske immediatly after the departure of the Colonie which hauing sought in vaine she returned with her prouisions for England About a fortnight after her departure Sir Richard Greeneuile Generall of Virginia accompanied with three Ships arriued there and neither hearing of the Ship nor of the Colonie which he had left there the yeare before after long and vaine search he left fifteene men to hold possession of the Countrie in the I le of Roanoak furnished for two yeares and returned by the way making spoyle on the Townes of the Azores and there taking diuers Spaniards Master Thomas Hariot writ a large History of the Men Beasts Fishes Fowles Plants and Commodities of Virginia subscribed also by Master Ralph Lane extant in Master Hackluit his third Tome In the yeare 1587. Sir Walter Raleigh continuing his purpose of Plantation sent another Colonie of one hundred and fiftie persons vnder the gouernment of Master Iohn White to him he appointed twelue Assistants vnto whom he gaue a Charter and incorporated them by the name of Gouernour and Assistants of the Citie of Raleigh in Virginia These arriued on Iuly 22. at Hatoraske where they went on shore to seeke the fifteene men left there the yeare before with intent after to plant at the Bay of Chesepiok according to Sir Walter Raleigh his directions there to make their feate and Fort. By Manteo they learned how the Sauages had secretly assalted the fifteene English and slaine some the other being forced to flee it was not knowne whither Manteo was Christened and by Sir Walter Raleighs direction made Lord of Roanoak Mistris Dare the Gouernours daughter was deliuered of a daughter which was baptised by the name of Uirginia The Company were very important with the Gouernour to returne for England to supply their defects to which with much vnwillingnesse he yeelded Aug. 27. and Octob. 16. arriued in Ireland and after in England Anno 1590. the said Master Iohn White put to Sea with Ships and two Pinnaces with purpose for Virginia where they anchored at Hatorask in 36. 20. Aug. 15. They found some of the goods such as the Sauages could not make vse of and tokens as if they were at Croatoan but the winds violence permitted no further search and they returned to the Azores and after to England arriuing at Plimmouth Octob. 24. Master BARTHOLOMEVV GOSNOLDS Letter to his Father touching his first Voyage to Virginia 1602. MY duetie remembred c. Sir I was in good hope that my occasions would haue allowed mee so much libertie as to haue come vnto you before this time otherwise I would haue written more at large concerning the Countrie from whence we lately came then I did but not well remembring what I haue already written though I am assured that there is nothing set downe disagreeing with the truth I thought it fittest not to goe about to adde any thing in writing but rather to leaue the report of the rest till I come my selfe which now I hope shall be shortly and so soone as with conueniency I may In the meane time notwithstanding whereas you seeme not to be satisfied by that which I haue already written concerning some especiall matters I haue here briefely and as well as I can added these few lines for your further satisfaction and first as touching that place where we were most resident it is in the Latitude of 41. degrees and one third part which albeit it be so much to the Southward yet is it more cold then those parts of Europe which are scituated vnder the same paralell but one thing is worth the noting that notwithstanding the place is not so much subiect to cold as England is yet did we finde the Spring to be later there then it is with vs here by almost a moneth this whether it hapned accidentally this last Spring to be so or whether it be so of course I am not very certaine the latter seemes most likely whereof also there may be giuen some sufficient reason which now I omit as for the Acornes we saw gathered on heapes they were of the last yeare but doubtlesse their Summer continues longer then ours We cannot gather by any thing we could obserue in the people or by any triall we had thereof our selues but that it is as healthfull a Climate as any can be The Inhabitants there as I wrote before being of tall stature comely proportion strong actiue and some of good yeares and as it should seeme very healthfull are sufficient proofe of the
certaine knowledge how to fall with the Coast hauing sounded euery watch and from fifty fathom had come in good deeping to seuenty and so to an hundred This day the weather being faire after the foure a clocke watch when he thought not to haue found ground before sounding in aboue a hundred fathom we had ground in foure and twenty fathom Wherefore our Sayles being downe one of our men presently cast out a hooke and before hee iudged it at ground was fished and haled vp an exceeding great and well fed Cod then there were cast out three or foure hookes more the fish was so plentifull and so great as when our Captaine would haue set sayle we desired him to suffer them to take fish a while because wee were so delighted to see them catch fish so great so fast as the hooke came downe some playing with the hooke they tooke by the backe And one of the Mates with two hookes at a Lead at fiue draughts together haled vp ten fishes all were generally very great some were measured This caused our Captaine not to maruell at the shoalding for he perceiued it was a fish-banke which for our farewell from the Land it pleased God in the continuance of his blessings to giue vs knowledge of Sunday the fourteenth of Iuly about six a clocke at night we were come into sounding in our Channell but for want of sight of the Sunne and Starre to make a true obseruation and with contrary windes we were constrained to beate vp and downe till Tuesday the sixteenth of Iuly when by fiue a clocke in the morning wee made Sylly from whence hindred with calmes and small windes Vpon Thursday the eighteenth of Iuly about foure a clocke wee came to anchor safâ—ly in Dartmouth which Hauen haply with Gods assistance wee made the last and first Harbour in England as the Termini of our Voyage A briefe Note of what profits we found the Countrie yeeld in the small time of our stay there Trees Oake of an excellent graine staight and great timber Elme Beech Birch very tall and great of whose Barque they make their Canoas Nut-hasle Hasle Alder Cherry tree Ash Mâ—ple Ewe Spruce Asp Fir in great abundance many other fruit trees which we know not Fowles Eagles Hernshawes Cranes Duks great Geese Swans Penguins Shark Crow Rauen Kite Soga Mewes Doues Turtles birds of sundry colours and many other fowles vnknown Beasts Deere red and fallow Beare Wolfe Beauer Otter Hare Conie Marterns Sables Hogs Porkespines Polcats Cats wilde great Dogs some like Foxes some like our other beasts the Sauages signe vnto vs with hornes and broad eares which we take to be Olkes or Loshes Fishes Whales Porpoise Seales Cod very great Haddocke great Herring Plaise Thornbacke Rock-fish Lobster great Crabbe Mussels Cockles Wilks Cunner-fish Lumpe-fish Whiting the Sauages signe vnto vs that they haue Tortoise very great Plants Fruits Herbs Tobacco excellent sweet and strong Vine wilde Strawberries Raspberries Gooseberries Hurtleberries Corant trees in abundance Rose bushes Pease which the Sauages signe to be very great in the Maine Ground-nuts Angelica a most soueraigne herbe and an herbe that spreadeth like Camomell and smelleth like sweet Marjoram great plenty Good Dies which appeare by their painting which they carrie with them in bladders Words which I learned of the Sauages in their Language Sunne or Moone Kesus Cod-fish Biskeiore A fish with hornes Manedo Lobster Shoggah Rock-fish Shagatocke Cockle-fish Hesucke Muskell Shoorocke Cunner-fish Tattaucke Crabbe Wussorasha Porpoise Muscopeiuck Plaise Anego Tortoise Romcaneeke Pease Ushcomono Tobacco Tomoch A leafe Mebeere A weed Cashterush A Firre tree Seteock A stone Nabscurr A Bowe Shoanor An Arrow Tobood Barke of a tree Mashquere Water Shamogoon Sand Cheemuck Crowe Cagagoose Haire Messer or Meris A beard Nicowur A Beare Rogsoo Beauer Paneah Otter Nymemano Rat Sanuke Polcat Pocamka Cat Pushuck Fallow Deere Coribo Hogge Madoso Red Deere Moosurr They tell vs of other beasts which they call Tasquus Pisho Narsim Teeth Ibider A hand and finger Breecke A Naile of the hand Cushe A legge Codd A foot Musseete Plum-tree Epsegan Strawberry Pishoa Gooseberry Shewanor Cherry tree Espegononino Corant tree Asheemena Rashberrie Kiskeemy A lippe Metoan Fire Squida The maine Land Bemoquiducke Sea Shoubbe Father Wado Sonne Usto Wane of the Sea Toboogg Pitch and Tallow Poco Wilde Rose Minusheck Birch Pasquar Sword Edagawancke Mountaine Machoucke Winde Puckchawsen Bloud Pagâgocun Red Paint Woroman Blacke Paint Cogosho A Dogge Remâ—ose A Ship or Boat Quiden An Oare Wuttohogauor A Garnepo Fly Chussuah Bread Paune Raine Soogoran A nose Peech-ten An Axe or Hatchet Tomaheegon A Knife Quodogon Oake Askabesse White Bone whereof they haue Chaines Girdles Bracelets Speesone The Cheeke Canoah A Shirt or Coat Tenoganuke The Chinne Queh An Eye Sheesuck Eylid Momon Forehead Scottoquah An Eare Fawwucke A fish-hooke Makeecon A Rainbow Shomogon The Names of their chiefe Gouernours whom they call Sagomoh 1. Bashabez 2. Abatuckquishe 3. Bdahanedo one of them we haue 4. Abokeesussick 5. Shurokinit 6. Psaheno 7. Mentoelmet 8. Ageemohuck 9. Mawermet 10. Chanacoboin 11. Amilquin 12. Muasacoromoneete These dwell vpon the Maine and weare an ornament of white bone vpon their head and Chaines and Bracelets and Girdles and haue their skinne garments laced with them The Names of our Virginians Bdahanedo Brother to the Bashabes Amocret his Brother Satacomoah Maneduck Scikaworrowse Thus haue I giuen thee the proceedings of Virginia and New Englands Discouerie for the originall beginning of the Discouerie Sir Sebastian Cabot was the first Discouerer both of it and the rest of the Continent of America The first Plantation was more Southerly by the charges of Sir Walter Raleigh as before is shewed The next yeere New Patents were obtained of his Maiestie for a double Plantation in these parts I trouble not the Reader with the whole Patent both because it hath sustained diuersified alteration diuision and subdiuision and because I more minde things there done than here for which cause I haue also omitted the Articles and instruction two dayes after dated signed and sealed with the Priuie Seale for the gouernment of the said Plantation of both which I haue the Copies by mee I onely here giue thee the beginning of the first Patent Aprill 10. 1606. CHAP. XIIII The description of the Ilands of Açores or the Flemish Ilands taken out of Linschoten with certaine occurrents and English acts THe Iles of Açores or the Flemish Ilands are seuen that is Tercera Saint Mary Saint George Gratiosa Pico and Faiael There are yet two Ilands called Flores and Coruo which are not contained vnder the name of Açores but yet at this day are vnder the gouernment of the same Ilands so that they are in all accounted nine Ilands They are called Açores that is to say Sparhawkes or Hawkes because that in their first discouery they found many Sparhawks in them wherof they hold the name although at this day there is not any there
for they had lost in fighting and by drowning aboue foure hundred men and of the English were slaine about a hundred Sir Richard Greenfield himselfe being wounded in his braine whereof afterwards he died He was borne into the Sâ—ip called the Saint Paul wherein was the Admirall of the Fleete Don Alonso de Barsan there his wounds were drest by the Spanish Surgeons but Don Alonso himselfe would neither see him nor speake with him all the rest of the Captaines and Gentlemen went to visite him and to comfort him in his hard fortune wondring at his courage and stout heart for that he shewed not any signe of faintnesse nor changing of coloâ—r But feeling the houre of death to approach he spake these words in Spanish and said Here dye I Richard Greenfield with a ioyfull and quiet minde for that I haue ended my life as a true Souldier ought to doe that hath fought for his Countrey Queene Religion and honour whereby my Soule most ioyfull departeth out of this body and shall alwayes leaue behinde it an euerlasting fame of a valiant and true Soldier that hath done his duetie as hee was bound to doe When he had finished these or such other like words he gaue vp the Ghost with great and stout courage and no man could perceiue any true signe of heauinesse in him This Sir Richard Greenfield was a great and a rich Gentleman in England and had great yearely reuenewes of his owne inheritance but he was a man very vnquiet in his minde and greatly affected to warre in so much as of his owne priuate motion he offered his seruice to the Qâ—eene He had performed many valiant acts and was greatly feared in these Ilands and knowne of euery man but of nature very seuere so that his owne people hated him for his fiercenesse and spake very hardly of him for when they first entred into the Fleete or Armado they had their great saile in a readinesse and might possibly enough haue sailed away for it was one of the best Ships for saile in England and the Master perceiuing that the other Ships had left them and followed not after commanded the great saile to be cut that they might make away but Sir Richard Greenfield threatned both him and all the rest that were in the Ship that if any man laid hand vpon it he would cause him to be hanged and so by that occasion they were compelled to fight and in the end were taken He was of so hard a complexion that as hee continued among the Spanish Captaines while they were at dinner or supper with him hee would carouse three or foure Glasses of Wine and in a brauery take the Glasses betweene his teeth and crash them in peeces and swallow them downe so that often times the bloud ran out of his mouth without any harme at all vnto him and this was told me by diuers credible persons that many times stood and beheld him The Englishmen that were left in the Ship as the Captaine of the Souldiers the Master and others were dispersed into diuers of the Spanish Ships that had taken them where there had almost a new fight arisen betweene the Biscaines and the Portugals while each of them would haue the honour to haue first boorded her so that there grew a great noise and quarrell among them one taking the chiefe Ancient and the other the Flagge and the Captaine and euery one held his owne The ships that had boorded her were altogether out of order and broken and many of their men hurt whereby they were compelled to come into the Iland of Tercera there to repaire themselues where being arriued I and my chamber-fellow to heare some newes went aboord one of the Ships being a great Biscaine and one of the twelue Apostles whose Captaine was called Bertandono that had bin Generall of the Biscaines in the fleete that went for England He seeing vs called vs vp into the Gallery where with great curtesie he receiued vs being as then set at dinner with the English Captaine that sat by him and had on a sute of blacke Veluet but he could not tell vs any thing for that he could speake no other language but English and Latine which Bartandono also could a little speake The English Captaine that he might come on land with his weapon by his side and was in our lodging with the Englishman that was kept prisoner in the Iland being of that ship whereof the sailers got away as I said before The Gouernour of Tercera bad him to dinner and shewed him great curtesie The Master likewise with licence of Bartandono came on land and was in our lodging and had at the least ten or twelue wounds as well in his head as on his body whereof after that being at Sea betweene Lisbone and the Ilands he died The Captaine wrote a Letter wherein he declared all the manner of the fight and left it with the English Merchant that lay in our lodging to send it to the Lord Admirall of England The English Captaine comming to Lisbone was there well receiued and not any hurt done vnto him but with good conuoy sent to Sentuual and from thence sayled into England with all the rest of the Englishmen that were taken prysoners The Spanish Armie staied at the Iland of Corus till the last of September to assemble the rest of the Fleete together which in the end were to the number of one hundred and forty sayle of Ships partly comming from India and partly of the Army and being altogether ready vnto saile to Tercera in good company there sodainly rose so hard and cruell a storme that those of the Iland did affirme that in mans memory there was neuer any such seene or heard of before for it seemed the Sea would haue swallowed vp the Ilands the water mounting higher then the Cliffes which are so high that it amaseth a man to behold them but the Sea reached aboue them and liuing fishes were throwne vpon the land This storme continued not onely a day or two with one winde but seuen or eight dayes continually the winde turning round about in all places of the compasse at the least twice or thrice during that time and all alike with a continuall storme and tempest most terrible to behold euen to vs that were on shore much more then to such as were at Sea so that onely on the Coasts and Clifts of the Iland of Tercera there were aboue twelue Ships cast away and not onely vpon the one side but round about it in euery corner whereby nothing else was heard but complaining crying lamenting and telling here is a ship broken in peeces against the Cliffes and there another and all the men drowned so that for the space of twenty dayes after the storme they did nothing else but fish for dead men that continually came driding on the shore Among the rest was the English ship called the Reuenge that was cast away vpon
long Boat was the care which hee tooke for the estate of the Colony in this his inforced absence for by a long practised experience foreseeing and fearing what innouation and tumult might happily arise amongst the younger and ambitious spirits of the new companies to arriue in Virginia now comming with him along in this same Fleet hee framed his letters to the Colony and by a particular Commission confirmed Captaine Peter Win his Lieutenant Gouernour with an Assistance of sixe Counsellours writing withall to diuers and such Gentlemen of qualitie and knowledge of vertue and to such louers of goodnesse in this cause whom hee knew intreating them by giuing examples in themselues of duty and obedience to assist likewise the said Lieutenant Gouernour against such as should attempt the innouating of the person now named by him or forme of gouernment which in some Articles hee did likewise prescribe vnto them and had faire hopes all should goe well if these his letters might arriue there vntill such time as either some Ship there which hee fairely beleeued might bee moued presently to aduenture for him or that it should please the right honourable the Lordes and the rest of his Maiesties Councell in England to addresse thither the right honourable the Lord Lawar one of more eminencie and worthinesse as the proiect was before his comming forth whilest by their honourable fauours a charitable consideration in like manner might bee taken of our estates to redeeme vs from hence For which purpose likewise our Gouernour directed a particular letter to the Councell in England and sent it to the foresaid Captaine Peter Winne his now to bee chosen Lieutenant Gouernour by him to bee dispatched which is the first from thence into England In his absence Sir George Summers coasted the Ilands and drew the former plat of them and daily fished and hunted for our whole company vntill the seuen and twentieth of Nouember when then well perceiuing that we were not likely to heare from Virginia and conceiuing how the Pinnace which Richard Frubbusher was a building would not be of burthen sufficient to transport all our men from thence into Uirginia especially considering the season of the yeare wherein we were likely to put off he consulted with our Gouernour that if hee might haue two Carpenters for we had foure such as they were and twenty men ouer with him into the maine Iland he would quickly frame vp another little Barke to second ours for the better fitting and conueiance of our people Our Gouernour with many thankes as the cause required cherishing this so carefull and religious consideration in him and whose experience likewise was somewhat in these affaires granted him all things sutable to his desire and to the furthering of the worke who therefore had made ready for him all such tooles and instruments as our owne vse required not and for him were drawne forth twenty of the ablest and stoutest of the company and the best of our men to hew and square timber when himselfe then with daily paines and labour wrought vpon a small Vessell which was soone ready as ours at which wee leaue him a while busied and returne to our selues In the meane space did one Frubbusher borne at Graues end and at his comming forth now dwelling at Lime House a painefull and well experienced Shipwright and skilfull workman labour the building of a little Pinnace for the furtherance of which the Gouernour dispensed with no â—rauaile of his body nor forbare any care or study of minde perswading as much and more an ill qualified parcell of people by his owne performance then by authority thereby to hold them at their worke namely to fell carry and sawe Cedar â—t for the Carpenters purpose for what was so meane whereto he would not himselfe set his hand being therefore vp earely and downe late yet neuerthelesse were they hardly drawne to it as the Tortoise to the inchantment as the Prouerbe is but his owne presence and hand being set to euery meane labour and imployed so readily to euery office made our people at length more diligent and willing to be called thereunto where they should see him before they came In which we may obserue how much example preuailes aboue precepts and how readier men are to be led by eyes then eares And sure it was happy for vs who had now runne this fortune and were fallen into the bottome of this misery that we both had our Gouernour with vs and one so solicitous and carefull whose both example as I said and authority could lay shame and command vpon our people else I am perswaded we had most of vs finished our dayes there so willing were the maâ—or part of the common sort especially when they found such a plenty of victuals to settle a foundation of euer inhabiting there as well appeared by many practises of theirs and perhaps of some of the better sort Loe what are our affections and passions if not rightly squared how irreligious and irregular they expresse vs not perhaps so ill as we would be but yet as wee are some dangerous and secret discontents nourished amongst vs had like to haue bin the parents of bloudy issues and mischiefes they began first in the Sea-men who in time had fastened vnto them by false baits many of our land-men likewise and some of whom for opinion of their Religion was carried an extraordinary and good respect The Angles wherewith chiefely they thus hooked in these disquieted Pooles were how that in Uirginia nothing but wretchednesse and labour must be expected with many wants and a churlish intreaty there being neither that Fish Flesh nor Fowle which here without wasting on the one part or watching on theirs or any threatning and are of authority at ease and pleasure might be inioyed and since both in the one and the other place they were for the time to loose the fruition both of their friends and Countrey as good and better were it for them to repose and seate them where they should haue the least outward wants the while This thus preached and published each to other though by such who neuer had bin more onward towards Virginia then before this Voyage a Sculler could happily rowe him and what hath a more adamantiue power to draw vnto it the consent and attraction of the idle vntoward and wretched number of the many then liberty and fulnesse of sensuality begat such a murmur and such a discontent and disunion of hearts and hands from this labour and forwarding the meanes of redeeming vs from hence as each one wrought with his Mate how to diuorse him from the same And first and it was the first of September a conspiracy was discouered of which six were found principals who had promised each vnto the other not to set their hands to any trauaile or endeauour which might expedite or forward this Pinnace and each of these had seuerally according to appointment sought
as well by the porperty of the action which holdeth of disobedience and rebellion both full of feare as through the ignorance of the deuisers themselues so in this besides those defects there were some of the association who not strong inough fortified in their owne conceits brake from the plot it selfe and before the time was ripe for the execution thereof discouered the whole order and euery Agent and Actor thereof who neuerthelesse were not suddenly apprehended by reason the confederates were diuided and seperated in place some with vs and the chiefe with Sir Georgs Summers in his Iland and indeede all his whole company but good watch passed vpon them euery man from thenceforth commanded to weare his weapon without which before we freely walked from quarter to quarter and conuersed among our selues and euery man aduised to stand vpon his guard his owne life not being in safety whilest his next neighbour was not to be trusted The Centinels and nightwarders doubled the passages of both the quarters were carefully obserued by which meanes nothing was further attempted vntill a Gentleman amongst them one Henry Paine the thirteenth of March full of mischiefe and euery houre preparing something or other stealing Swords Adises Axes Hatchets Sawes Augers Planes Mallets c. to make good his owne bad end his watch night comming about and being called by the Captaine of the same to be vpon the guard did not onely giue his said Commander euill language but strucke at him doubled his blowes and when hee was not suffered to close with him went off the Guard scoffing at the double diligence and attendance of the Watch appointed by the Gouernour for much purpose as hee said vpon which the Watch telling him if the Gouernour should vnderstand of this his insolency it might turne him to much blame and happily be as much as his life were worth The said Paine replyed with a setled and bitter violence and in such vnreuerent tearmes as I should offend the modest eare too much to expresse it in his owne phrase but the contents were how that the Gouernour had no authoritie of that qualitie to iustifie vpon any one how meane soeuer in the Colonie an action of that nature and therefore let the Gouernour said hee kisse c. Which words being with the omitted additions brought the next day vnto euery common and publique discourse at length they were deliuered ouer to the Gouernour who examining well the fact the transgression so much the more exemplary and odious as being in a dangerous time in a Confederate and the successe of the same wishtly listened after with a doubtfull conceit what might be the issue of so notorious a boldnesse and impudency calling the said Paine before him and the whole Company where being soone conuinced both by the witnesse of the Commander and many which were vpon the watch with him our Gouernour who had now the eyes of the whole Colony fixed vpon him condemned him to be instantly hanged and the ladder being ready after he had made many confessions hee earnestly desired being a Gentleman that hee might be shot to death and towards the euening he had his desire the Sunne and his life setting together But for the other which were with Sir George vpon the Sunday following the Barke beeing now in good forwardnesse and readie to lanch in short time from that place as we supposed to meet ours at a pond of fresh water where they were both to bee mored vntill such time as being fully tackled the wind should serue faire for our putting to Sea together being the eighteenth of March hearing of Paynes death and fearing hee had appeached them and discouered the attempt who poore Gentleman therein in so bad a cause was too secret and constant to his owne faith ingaged vnto them and as little needed as vrged thereunto though somewhat was voluntarily deliuered by him by a mutuall consent forsooke their labour and Sir George Summers and like Out-lawes betooke them to the wild Woods whether meere rage and greedinesse after some little Pearle as it was thought wherewith they conceiued they should for euer inrich themselues and saw how to obtaine the same easily in this place or whether the desire for euer to inhabite heere or what other secret else moued them thereunto true it is they sent an audacious and formall Petition to our Gouernour subscribed with all their names and Seales not only intreating him that they might stay heere but with great art importuned him that he would performe other conditions with them and not waue nor euade from some of his owne promises as namely to furnish each of them with two Sutes of Apparell and contribute Meale rateably for one whole yeere so much among them as they had weekly now which was one pound and an halfe a weeke for such had beene our proportion for nine moneths Our Gouernour answered this their Petition writing to Sir George Summers to this effect That true it was at their first arriuall vpon this Iland when it was feared how our meanes would not extend to the making of a Vessell capeable and large enough to transport all our Countrimen at once indeed out of his Christian consideration mourning for such his Countrimen who comming vnder his command he foresaw that for a while he was like enough to leaue here behind compelled by tyrannie of necessitie his purpose was not yet to forsake them so as giuen vp like Sauages but to leaue them all things fitting to defend them from want and wretchednesse as much at least as lay in his power to spare from the present vse and perhaps necessitie of others whose fortunes should be to be transported with him for one whole yeere or more if so long by any casualtie the ships which he would send vnto them might be staied before their arriuall so many hazards accompanying the Sea but withall intreated Sir George to remember vnto his Company if by any meanes he could learne where they were how he had vowed vnto him that if either his owne meanes his authoritie in Virginia or loue with his friends in England could dispatch for them sooner how farre it was from him to let them remayne abandoned and neglected without their redemption so long and then proceeded requesting Sir George Summers againe to signifie vnto them since now our owne Pinnasse did arise to that burthen and that it would sufficiently transport them all beside the necessitie of any other Barke and yet that since his Barke was now readie too that those consultations how soeuer charitable and most passionate in themselues might determine as taken away thereby and therefore that he should now bee pleased to aduise them well how vnanswerable this grant or consent of his should be first to his Maiestie for so many of his subiects next to the Aduenturers and lastly what an imputation and infamy it might be to both their owne proper reputations and honours hauing each of
them authoritie in their places to compell the aduersant and irregular multitude at any time to what should bee obedient and honest which if they should not execute the blame would not lye vpon the people at all times wauering and insolent but vpon themselues so weake and vnworthy in their command And moreouer intreated him by any secret practice to apprehend them since that the obstinate and precipitate many were no more in such a condition and state to bee fauoured then the murmuring and mutinie of such Rebellious and turbulent Humorists who had not conscience nor knowledge to draw in the yoke of goodnesse and in the businesse for which they were sent out of England for which likewise at the expence and charge of the Aduenturers they were to him committed and that the meanest in the whole Fleet stood the Company in no lesse then twentie pounds for his owne personall Transportation and things necessary to accompany him And therefore louingly coniured Sir George by the worthinesse of his heretofore well mayntayned reputation and by the powers of his owne iudgement and by the vertue of that ancient loue and friendship which had these many yeeres beene setled betweene them to doe his best to giue this reuolted Company if he could send vnto them the consideration of these particulars and so worke with them if he might that by faire meanes the Mutinie reconciled they would at length suruey their owne errours which hee would bee as readie vpon their rendring and comming into pardon as he did now pittie them assuring them in generall and particular that whatsoeuer they had sinisterly committed or practised hitherto against the Lawes of dutie and honestie should not in any sort be imputed against them In which good Office Sir George Summers did so nobly worke and heartily labour as hee brought most of them in and indeed all but Christopher Carter and Robert Waters who by no meanes would any more come amongst Sir Georges men hearing that Sir George had commanded his men indeed since they would not be intreated by faire meanes to surprize them if they could by any deuice or force From which time they grew so cautelous and wary for their owne ill as at our comming away wee were faine to leaue them behind That Waters was a Sayler who at his first landing vpon the Iland as after you shall heare killed another fellow Sayler of his the bodie of the murthered and Murtherer so dwelling as prescribed now together During our time of abode vpon these Ilands wee had daily euery Sunday two Sermons preached by our Minister besides euery Morning and Euening at the ringing of a Bell wee repayred all to puplique Prayer at â—hat time the names of our whole Company were called by Bill and such as were wanting we 〈…〉 duly punished The contents for thâ— most part of all our Preachers Sermons were especially of Thankefulnesse and Vnitie c. It pleased God also to giue vs opportunitie to performe all the other Offices and Rites of our Christian Profession in this Iland as Marriage for the sixe and twentieth of Nouember we had one of Sir George Summers his men his Cooke named Thomas Powell who married a Maid Seruant of one Mistris Horton whose name was Elizabeth Persons and vpon Christmasse Eue as also once before the first of October our Minister preached a godly Sermon which being ended he celebrated a Communion at the partaking whereof our Gouernour was and the greatest part of our Company and the eleuenth of February wee had the childe of one Iohn Rofe christened a Daughter to which Captaine Newport and my selfe were Witnesses and the aforesaid Mistris Horton and we named it Bermuda as also the fiue and twentieth of March the wife of one Edward Eason being deliuered the weeke before of a Boy had him then christened to which Captaine Newport and my selfe and Master Iames Swift were Godfathers and we named it Bermudas Likewise we buried fiue of our company Ieffery Briars Richard Lewis William Hitchman and my God-daughter Bermuda Rolfe and one vntimely Edward Samuell a Sayler being villanously killed by the foresaid Robert Waters a Sayler likewise with a shouell who strake him therewith vnder the lift of the Eare for which he was apprehended and appointed to be hanged the next day the fact being done in the twilight but being bound fast to a Tree all night with many Ropes and a Guard of fiue or six to attend him his fellow Saylers watching the aduantage of the Centinels sleeping in despight and disdaine that Iustice should bee shewed vpon a Sayler and that one of their crue should be an example to others not taking into consideration the vnmanlinesse of the murther nor the horror of the sinne they cut his bands and conueyed him into the Woods where they fed him nightly and closely who afterward by the mediation of Sir George Summers vpon many conditions had his tryall respited by our Gouernour Wee had brought our Pinnasse so forward by this time as the eight and twentieth of August we hauing laid her Keele The sixe and twentieth of February we now began to calke old Cables we had preserued vnto vs which affoorded Ocam enough and one barrell of Pitch and another of Tarre we likewise saued which serued our vse some little way vpon the Bâ—lg wee breamed her otherwise with Lime made of Wilke shels and an hard white stone which we burned in a Kill slaked with fresh water and tempered with Tortoyses Oyle The thirtieth of March being Friday we towed her out in the morning Spring-tyde from the Wharfe where she was built boying her with foure Caske in her runne only which opened into the Northwest and into which when the Breeze stood North and by West with any stiffe gale and vpon the Spring-tydes the Sea would increase with that violence especially twice it did so as at the first time before our Gouernour had caused a solid Causey of an hundred load of stone to bee brought from the Hils and Neighbour Rockes and round about her ribs from stemme to stemme where it made a pointed Baulke and thereby brake the violence of the Flowe and Billowe it indangered her ouerthrow and ruine beeing greene as it were vpon the Stockes With much difficultie diligence and labour we saued her at the first all her Bases Shores and Piles which vnder-set her being almost carried from her which was the second of Ianuary when her knees were not set to nor one ioynt firme We launched her vnrigged to carrie her to a little round Iland lying West North-west and close aboord to the backe side of our Iland both neerer the Ponds and Wels of some fresh water as also from thence to make our way to the Sea the better the Channell being there sufficient and deepe enough to leade her forth when her Masts Sayles and all her Trimme should bee about her Shee was fortie foot by the Keele and nineteene foot broad at the
setling of these Officers thought vpon was to aduise with his Counsell for the obtaining of such prouisions of victuals for store and quality as the Countrey afforded It did not appeare that any kinde of Flesh Deere or what else of that kinde could be recouered from the Indian or to be sought in the Countrey by the trauaile or search of his people and the old dwellers in the Fort together with the Indians not to friend who had the last winter destroyed and killed vp all the Hogges insomuch as of fiue or sixe hundred as it is supposed there was not one left aliue nor an Henne nor Chicke in the Fort and our Horses and Mares they had eaten with the first and the prouision which the Lord Gouernour and Captaine Generall had brought concerning any kinde of flesh was little or nothing in respect it was not drempt of by the Aduenturers in England that the Swine were destroyed In Counsell therefore the thirteenth of Iune it pleased Sir George Summers Knight Admirall to propose a Voyage which for the better reliefe and good of the Colony he would performe into the Bermudas from whence he would fetch six moneths prouision of Flesh and Fish and some liue Hogges to store our Colony againe and had a Commission giuen vnto him the fifteenth of Iune 1610. who in his owne Bermuda Pinnace the Patience consorted with Captaine Samuell Argoll in the Discouery whom the Lord Gouernour and Captaine Generall made of the counsell before his departure the nineteenth of Iune fell with the Tyde from before our Towne and the twenty two left the Bay or Cape Henry a sterne And likewise because at the Lord Gouernous and Captaine Generals first comming there was found in our owne Riuer no store of Fish after many trials the Lord Gouernour and Captaine Generall dispatched in the Uirginia with instructions the seuenteenth of Iune 1610. Robert Tyndall Master of the De la Warre to fish vnto all along and betweene Cape Henry and Cape Charles within the Bay who the last of the said moneth returned vnto vs againe but as ill speeding as the former whom our Gouernour now Lieutenant Generall had addressed thither before for the same purpose Nor was the Lord Gouernour and Captaine Generall in the meane while idle at the Fort but euery day and night hee caused the Nets to be hawled sometimes a dosen times one after another But it pleased not God so to blesse our labours that we did at any time take one quarter so much as would giue vnto our people one pound at a meale a peece by which we might haue better husbanded our Pease and Oate meale notwithstanding the great store we now saw daily in our Riuer but let the blame of this lye where it is both vpon our Nets and the vnskilfulnesse of our men to lay them The sixth of Iuly Sir Thomas Gates Lieutenant Generall comming downe to Point Comfort the North wind blowing rough he found had forced the long Boate belonging to Algernoone Fort to the other shoare vpon Nansamund side somewhat short of Weroscoick which to recouer againe one of the Lieutenant Generals men Humfrey Blunt in an old Canow made ouer but the wind driuing him vpon the Strand certaine Indians watching the occasion seised the poore fellow and led him vp into the Woods and sacrificed him It did not a little trouble the Lieutenant Gouernour who since his first landing in the Countrey how iustly soeuer prouoked would not by any meanes be wrought to a violent proceeding against them for all the practises of villany with which they daily indangered our men thinking it possible by a more tractable course to winne them to a better condition but now being startled by this he well perceiued how little a faire and noble intreatie workes vpon a barbarous disposition and therefore in some measure purposed to be reuenged The ninth of Iuly he prepared his forces and early in the morning set vpon a Towne of theirs some foure miles from Algernoone Fort called Kecoughtan and had soone taken it without losse or hurt of any of his men The Gouernour and his women fled the young King Powhatans Sonne not being there but left his poore baggage and treasure to the spoyle of our Souldiers which was only a few Baskets of old Wheate and some other of Pease and Beanes a little Tobacco and some few womens Girdles of Silke of the Grasse-silke not without art and much neatnesse finely wrought of which I haue sent diuers into England beeing at the taking of the Towne and would haue sent your Ladiship some of them had they beene a Present so worthy We purposed to set a Frenchman heere a worke to plant Vines which grew naturally in great plentie Some few Corne fields it hath and the Corne in good forwardnesse and wee despaire not but to bee able if our men stand in health to make it good against the Indian The continuall practises of the subtle King Powhatan doth not meanely awaken all the powers and workings of vertue and knowledge in our Lord Gouernour and Captaine Generall how to preuent not only his mischiefes but to draw him vpon some better termes and acknowledgemen of our forces and spirits both able and daring to quit him in any valiant and martiall course whatsoeuer he shall dare to runne with vs which hee doth yet scarsly beleeue For this therfore since first and that so lately he hath set on his people to attempt vs with priuate Conspiracies and actuall violence into the one drawing his Neighbour Confederates and vnder Princes and by the other working the losse and death of diuers of our men and by such their losse seising their Armes Swords Peeces c. of which he hath gathered into his store a great quantitie and number by Intelligence aboue two hundred Swords besides Axes and Pollaxes Chissels Howes to paire and clense their ground with an infinite treasure of Copper our Lord Gouernour and Captaine Generall sent two Gentlemen with an Ambassie vnto him letting him to vnderstand of his practises and outrage hitherto vsed toward our people not only abroad but at our Fort also yet flattering him withall how the Lord Gouernour and Captaine Generall did not suppose that these mischiefes were contriued by him or with his knowledge but conceiued them rather to be the acts of his worst and vnruly people his Lordship therefore now complayning vnto him required that hee being so great and wise a King would giue an vniuersall order to his Subiects that it might bee no more so lest the Lord Gouernour and Captaine Generall should be compelled by defending him and his to offend him which he would be loath to do withall he willed the Messengers to demand of him the said Powhatan that he would either punish or send vnto his Lordship such of his people whom Powhatan knew well not long before had assaulted our men at the Block-house and but newly killed foure of them as also
Squerrels Wilde-Cats whose skins are of great price and Muske-Rats which yeelde Muske as the Muske-Cats doe There be two kindes of Beasts amongst these most strange one of them is the female Possowne which will let forth her yong out of her belly and take them vp into her belly againe at her pleasure without hurt to her selfe neither thinke this to be a Trauellers tale but the very truth for nature hath framed her fit for that seruice my eyes haue beene witnesse vnto it and we haue sent of them and their yong ones into England The other strange conditioned creature is the flying Squirrell which thorough the helpe of certaine broad flaps of skin growing on each side of her forelegs will flye from tree to tree twenty or thirty paces at one flight and more if she haue the benefit of a small breath of winde Besides these since our comming hither we haue brought both Kine Goates and Hogges which prosper well and would multiply exceedingly if they might be prouided for This Countrey besides is replenished with Birds of all sorts which haue bin the best sustenance of flesh which our men haue had since they came also Eagels and Haukes of all sorts amongst whom are Auspreys fishing Hauke and the Cormorant The woods be euery where full of wilde Turkies which abound and will runne as swift as a Greyhound In winter our fields be full of Cranes Herons Pigeons Partridges and Blackbirds the Riuers and creekes be ouer-spread euery where with water foule of the greatest and least sort as Swans flockes of Geese and Brants Ducke and Mallard Sheldrakes Dyuers c. besides many other kindes of rare and delectable Birds whose names and natures I cannot yet recite but we want the meanes to take them The Riuers abound with Fish both small and great the Sea-fish come into our Riuers in March continue vntill the end of September great sculls of Herings come in first Shads of a great bignesse and Rock-fish follow them Trouts Base Flounders and other dainty fish come in before the other be gone then come multitudes of great Sturgeons whereof we catch many and should do more but that we want good Nets answerable to the breadth and deapth of our Riuers besides our channels are so foule in the bottome with great logges and trees that we often breake our Nets vpon them I cannot reckon nor giue proper names to the diuers kindes of fresh fish in our Riuers I haue caught with mine Angle Pike Karpe Eele Perches of six seuerall kindes Crea-fish and the Torope or little Turtle besides many smaller kindes c. CHAP. XII Of the Lottery Sir THOMAS DALES returne the Spaniards in Virginia Of POCAHVNTAS and TOMOCOMO Captaine YERDLEY and Captaine ARGOLL both since Knighted their Gouernment the Lord LA-WARRS death and other occurrents till Anno 1619. HItherto you haue heard the Authors themselues speak of their owne affaires Now we must for continuation and consummation of our Story borrow a few Collections from others where the Authors themselues haue not comne to our hands Wherein that industrious Gentleman Captaine Iohn Smith still breathing Virginia and diligent enquiry and writing as sometime by discouery and doing to shew his zeale to this action for seeing he cannot there be employed to performe Virginian exploits worthy the writing here he employeth himselfe to write Virginian affaires worthy the reading hauing compiled a long History of that and the Summer Iland plantation and of New England in six Bookes hath gently communicated the same to mine that is to thine as intended to the Worlds vse Out of his rich fields I haue gleaned these handfuls adding thereto the crop also of mine owne industry Sir Thomas Gates returned from Virginia in March and Captaine Argall in Iune following 1614. and so animated by their hopefull reports the Aduenturers that the great standing Lottery was drawne Anno 1615. in the West end of Pauls Churchyard where before as in many other places after a running Lottery of smaller aduentures had beene vsed in which the Prizes were proportioned from two crownes which was the least to diuers thousands arising in ordinary assents and degrees casually accruing as the lot fell and paid in money or in Plate there set forth to view prouided that if any chose money rather then Plate or goods for paiment in summes aboue ten crownes he was to abate the tenth part The orders of this Lottery were published and courses taken to preuent frauds Whiles Sir Thomas Dale was in Virginia it chanced that a Spanish Ship beate vp and downe before Point Comfort and sent ashoare for a Pilot. Captaine Iames Dauies sent them one with whom they presently sailed away leauing three of their company behinde These vpon examination confessed that hauing lost their Admirall accident had forced them into those parts two of them said they were Captaines of chiefe command in the Fleete They receiued good vsage there till one of them was found to be an Englishman which in the great Fleete 1588. had bin a Pilot to the Spaniards and now exercised his wonted trechery hauing induced some malecontents to runne away with a small Barke This darknesse being brought to light some of them were executed and he expecting no better confessed that two or three Spanish Ships were at Sea on purpose to discouer the state of the Colony but their Commission was not to be opened till they arriued in the Bay so that he knew no further One of the Spaniards died the other was sent for England and this fellow was now repriued but as became such a Pilot was hanged at Sea in Sir Thomas Dâ—les returne The English Pilot which they had carried away to Spaine after long imprisonment by much suite recouered his liberty and Country Sir Thomas Dale hauing thus established things as you haue heard returned thence appointing Captaine George Yardly his deputy Gouernour in his absence and arriued at Plimmouth in May or Iune 4. 1616. to aduance the good of the Plantation Master Rolfe also with Rebecca his new conuert and consort and Vttamatamakin commonly called Tomocomo one of Pohatans Counsellours came ouer at the same time With this Sauage I haue often conuersed at my good friends Master Doctor Goldstone where he was a frequent guest and where I haue both seen him sing and dance his diabolicall measures and heard him discourse of his Countrey and Religion Sir Tho. Dales man being the Interpretour as I haue elsewhere shewed Master Rolfe lent mee a discourse which he had written of the estate of Virginia at that time out of which I collected those things which I haue in my Pilgrimage deliuered And his wife did not onely accustome her selfe to ciuilitie but still carried her selfe as the Daughter of a King and was accordingly respected not onely by the Company which allowed prouision for her selfe and her sonne but of diuers particular persons of Honor in their hopefull
to contradict Pourtrincourt in the execution of those decrees which had bin giuen forth by him as ciuill Magistrate of that place whereupon the Gentleman extreamely discontented and weary or contesting with him hauing said that it was his part to rule them vpon earth and theirs onely to guide him the way to heauen he returned backe to France leauing his Sonne Biencourt in his place Who being a youth at that time of more courage then circumspectnesse disdaining to be controuled by them whom he had enuited thither and scorning their insupportable presumption vsing spirituall armes for temporall ends and an imperious kinde of carriage who onely for spleene had excommunicated and branded him with a spirituall censure he threatned them by his temporall power with a more palpable punishment So that after much controuersie resoluing to separate themselues the two Iesuites taking a part of the Company with them went from thence to a place in new England called by them Mount Desart where they seated themselues and hauing a supply from the Queene Mother did plant sundry Fruit trees of the most delicate kindes in France such as Apricockes and Peaches neuer intending to remoue from thence At this time Sir Samuel Argall being then Gouernor of Virginia coasted alongst new England to traffique and discouer or to acquire things necessary for the Southerne Colony in these parts where the lands are reputed to be more fertil and the Seas more frequented did conceiue by a description made vnto him by the Sauages that there were some come from this part of the World to inhabit there and being iealous of any thing that might derogate from the honour or proue preiudiciall to the benefit of his Nation where their interest in this was easie to be apprehended he went whereas he was informed that they were and his vnexpected arriuall as it would seeme not onely amazed the mindes of the French but likewise preuenting their preparation and resolution he approached so neere to a Ship that lay before their Fort that hee beate them all that were therein with Musket shot from making any vse of their Ordnance saue one of the two Iesuites who was killed in giuing fire to a Peece Hauing taken the Ship they landed and went before the Fort summoning them that were therein to yeelde themselues who at the first made some difficulty asking a time to aduise but that being refused they priuately abandoned the Fort stealing out by some backe way into the Woods where they staied one night and the next day comming backe rendered themselues to Sir Samuel Argall who had lodged all that night within the Fort giuing vp the Patent they had from the French King to be cancelled He vsed them very curteously as their owne Writers doe make mention suffring such as had a minde to goe for France to seeke out Fishers Ships wherein they might be transported the rest that were willing to goe for Uirginia went thither alongst with him no man hauing lost his life but onely that one Iesuite who was killed whilst they made resistance during the time of the conflict Thereafter Father Biard the other of the Iesuites comming backe from Virginia with Sir Samuell Argall out of the indigestable malice that he had conceiued against Biencourt did informe him where he had planted himselfe offering as he did to conduct him thither As soone as they were entered within the Fort neere the vppermost of the Ilands Sir Samuel directed the Ship to ride at a reasonable distance to attend occasions before the Fort did land himselfe with forty of the best of his men vpon a Meddow where immediately they heard a peece of Ordnance from the Fort and he conceiuing since it was shot whilst it could doe no harme that it was done either but to giue terrour to them or to warne some that might happen to be abroad did make the greater haste towards the Fort where he presently entered finding it abandoned without any men at all left for the defence thereof He went vp the Riuer side fiue or six miles where he saw their Barnes and the ground where a great quantity of Wheate had grown which he carried with him to proue for Seede in Virginia he saw also their corne Milne very conueniently placed which together with the Barnes he left standing vntouched As for the Fruit it selfe he destroied it downe to the ground racing the French armes and leauing no Monument that might remaine to witnesse their being here After this Biencourt who had been somewhere abroad trauelling through the Countrey comming home desired to conferre with Sir Samuel Argall who did meete with him a part from the company vpon a meadow and after they had expostulated a space for what had past controuerting concerning the French and English little to these bounds at last Biencourt offered if hee might haue a protection from him to depend vpon our King and to draw the whole Furres of that Countrey to one Port where he would diuide them with him as likewise hee would show him good mettalls whereof he gaue him pieces the other refused to ioyne in any societie with him protesting that his Commission was onely to displant him and that if hee found him there thereafter hee would vse him as an enemy Biencourt labouring earnestly to haue had the Iesuit as he confessed with a purpose to hang him Whilest they were discoursing together one of the Sauages rushing suddenly forth from the Woods and licentiated to come neere did after his manner with such broken French as he had earnestly mediate a peace wondring why they that seemed to be of one Country should vse others with such hostilitie and that with such a forme of habit and gesture as made them both to laugh After Biencourt remouing from thence to some other Monsieur Champlein who had liued long here did carry a company with him from France of some fortie persons or thereabouts vp the Riuer of Canada whom hee planted on the North side thereof with a purpose to sue for a Factory drawing all the trade of that farre running Riuer within the hands of a few whom he doth command which a Plantation would haue dispersed in many parts otherwise if his desires had beene bended that way hee might haue planted many people there ere now the place is called Kebeck where the French doe prosper well hauing Corne by their owne labour which may furnish themselues for foode and likewise for a stocke to traffique with the Sauages with sundry other Fruites Rootes Vine grapes and Turkey Wheate Champlein hath discouered the Riuer of Canada from the Gulfe vpwards aboue 1200. miles finding in it sometimes such fals as he must carry his Boate a little way by land and then put it in againe He did many times come to great Lakes at the end whereof he did alwaies finde a Riuer againe and the last Lake where he came was a very huge one iudged to be three hundred miles in length by the
vngodly and inhumane also to deny the world to men or like Manger-dogges neither to eat hay themselues nor to suffer the hungry Oxe to prohibite that for others habitation whereof themselues can make no vse or for merchandise whereby much benefit accreweth to both parts They which doe this Tollunt è vita vitae societatem to vse Tullies phrase hominem ex homine tollunt to borrow Saint Ieroms in another matter The Barbarians themselues by light of nature saw this and gaue Ours kind entertainment in mutuall cohabitation and commerce and they hauing not the Law were a Law to themselues practically acknowledging this Law of Nature written by him which is Natura naturans in their hearts from which if they since haue declined they haue lost their owne Naturall and giuen vs another Nationall right their transgression of the Law of Nature which tieth Men to Men in the rights of Natures commons exposing them as a forfeited bond to the chastisement of that common Law of mankind and also on our parts to the seueritie of the Law of Nations which tyeth Nation to Nation And if they bee not worthy of the name of a Nation being wilde and Sauage yet as Slaues bordering rebells excommunicates and out-lawes are lyeble to the punishments of Law and not to the priuiledges So is it with these Barbarians Borderers and Outlawes of Humanity Armatenenti Omnia dat qui iusta negat If the Armes bee iust as in this case of vindicating vnnaturall inhumane wrongs to a louing and profitable Nation entertained voluntarily in time of greatest pretended amity On this quarrell Dauid conquered all the Kingdome of the Ammonites and leâ—â— it to his 〈◊〉 in many generations notwithstanding Moses had otherwise left a speciall caution for their security testifying that God had giuen it the sonnes of Lot and prohibiting inuasion to Israel That natural right of cohabitation and commerce we had with others this of iust inuasion and conquest and many others praeuious to this we haue aboue others so that England may both by Law of Nature and Nations challenge Virginia for her owne peculiar propriety and that by all right and rites vsuall amongst men not those mentioned alone but by others also first discouery first actuall possession prescription gift cession and liuery of seisin sale for price that I mention not the naturall Inheritance of the English their naturally borne and the vnnaturall outcries of so many vnnaturally murthered for iust vengeance of rooting out the authors and actors of so prodigious iniustice And first for discouery the English Spaniard and Portugall seeme the Triumuiri of the Worlds first discoueries the Spaniard and Portugall first opening the Eastern Western and Southern parts the English the Northern America and all known parts thence to the North Northeast I could bring authority for King Arthurs conquests aboue 1000. yeers since in Island Gronland Estotiland but I feare this would seeme too weake a foundation and which lyers get by lying discredit our other authorities lesse suspicious howsoeuer Authors of best note in Geography alledge those which reuerence of the truth makes me let passe And so I doe King Malgo soone after him and Saint Brandon and the Friar of Oxford which A. 1360. is said to discouer to the Pole and Owen Gwined Prince of North Wales his sonne Madock A. 1170. which conueyed a Colony as learned men thinke into the West Indies In all Antiquities as Uarro obserued there are somethings fabulous so I deeme the former something vncertaine as this last and somethings Historicall as that which we shall deliuer Robert Thorne in a Booke to Doctor Leigh writeth that his father with another Merchant of Bristol Hugh Eliot were the first discouerers of the New-found-lands and if the Mariners would haue beene ruled by their Pilot the Lands of the West Indies from whence the Gold commeth had beene ours What yeere this happened he expresseth not but the words import that it was before Columbus his discouery And before Columbus his discouery of the continent Sir Sebastian Cabot at the charges of K. Henry the seuenth with two Caruels in the yeere 1496. so him selfe in Ramusio the Map with his picture in the Priuy Gallery hath 1497. sailed to the New-found land which he called Prima Vista and the Iland S. Iohns because it was discouered on the Feast of S. Iohn Baptist from whence he sailed Northerly to 67. deg and a halfe hoping by that way to passe to Cathay but his mutinous company terrified haply with Ice and cold forced his returne which hee made along the Coast toward the Equinoctiall to the part of the firme land now called Florida and then his victualls failing he returned into England where by occasion of warres with Scotland the imploiment was laid aside Afterwards the same Sir Sebastian Cabot was sent A. 1516. by King Henry the eight together with Sir Thomas Pert Viceadmirall of England which after coasting this Continent the second time as I haue read discouered the Coast of Brasil and returned from thence to S. Domingo and Puerto Rico. Now Columbus his first discouery of the Ilands was in 1492. of the Continent in his third voyage in August 1497. or as others 1498. so that counting most fauourably for Columbus Cabot had discouered the Continent in Iune next before by one reckoning aboue a yeere by another aboue two yeeres before And indeed that New World might more fitly haue borne his name then America of Americus vesputius or of Columbus Cabot hauing discouered farre more of that Continent then they both or any man else in those Seas to wit from 67. degrees and an halfe to the Line and from thence Southerly to the Riuer of Plate Hee also was the principall mouer in the setting forth of Sir Hugh Willoughby in King Edwards time vnder whom he was constituted Grand Pilot of England with the annuall stipend of one hundred sixtie sixe pound thirteene shillings foure pence in which voyage Greeneland was discouered neither is there any other Willoughbys Land to be found but in erroneous Maps and the Russian Empire by the North Cape and the Bay of Saint Nicolas But for Uirginia as it was then discouered by Sir Seb. Cabot so it receiued that name from our Virgin-Mother Great Elizabeth in whose time formal actual possession was taken for her Maiesty the thirteenth of Iuly 1584. by Captain Philip Amadas and Captain Barlow whom Sir Walter Raleigh had sent thither with two Barkes furnished who also the next yeere 1585. sent Sir Richard Greenevile with seuen sayle which there left an English Colony vnder the gouernment of M. Ralph Lane A. 1586. hee sent another Ship of one hundred Tuns thither for their reliefe but the Colony being returned in Sir Francis Drakes Fleet shee returned also Sir Richard Greenevile also about a fortnight after their departure arriued with three Ships and not finding the Colonie
left fifteene men to keepe possession furnished with prouision for two yeeres A. 1587. Sir Walter Raleigh sent a new Colony of one hundred fifty persons with three saile a Ship of one hundred and twenty Tuns a Fly-boat and a Pinnace Hee appointed twelue Assistants to the Gouernour and incorporated them by the name of Gouernour and Assistants of the Citie of Raleigh in Virginia To these Sir Walter Raleigh sent succour fiue seuerall times the last by Samuel Mace 1602. An. 1603. the Bristow men sent thither by leaue of Sir Walter Raleigh in which Expedition was Master Robert Saltern who the yeere before had beene with Cap. Bart. Gosnold And thus are wee come to the beginning of his Maiesties gracious raigne when the North and South Plantations were by new Patents eagerly pursued the one from hence the other from the West parts of England Mawooshen and other parts were many yeeres visited by our men and An. 1607. a Plantation setled at Sagadahoc by two Ships sent by that wise and seuere Iustice Sir Iohn Popham and others the successe whereof hath been such that from the North Plantation it hath beene dignified with the Title of New England And for the Southerne parts A. 1606. a Colony went from hence set forth by the Virginia Company which haue euer since maintained their Plantation in differing fortunes As for the former Plantations of Sir Walter Raleigh some children were borne to them there and whether they liue they continued the possession or if the Sauages dealt perfidiously with them as Powhatan confessed to Cap. Smith that hee had beene at their slaughter and had diuers vtensills of theirs to shew their carkasses the dispersed bones of their and their Countrey mens since murthered carkasses haue taken a mortall immortall possession and being dead speake proclaime and cry This our earth is truly English and therefore this Land is iustly yours O English Thus haue we discouered the English right by Discouery Possession Praescription to which we may adde that none other Nation hath once aduentured to settle in those parts nor scarce to view them yea the French and Spanish Plantations in Florida Virginias Southerne neighbour soone ended in bloudy massacres the Spanish cruelly murthering the French vnder the conduct of Pedro Melendes which An. 1567. was repaid them by Dominique de Gorgues the acquittance written with his sword in Spanish bloud Florida euer since expecting ciuilizing from her first discouerers the English which is further ratified by the former Spanish disasters in the Expeditions of Pamphilo di Nauarez 1527. and of Solo 1537. into Florida which two iourneyes consumed neere one thousand men therein imployed besides other Expeditions of Ponce de Leon and others mentioned by Uega and the Spanish Authors Now for voluntary subiection of the Natiues giuing themselues and their lands to the Crown of England M. Ralph Lane hath testified for the first Colonie that Menatonon their King by his Messenger with him twentie foure principal men sent from Okisko King of Weopomiok his Vassall formally acknowledged Her Maiesty as seruants and homagers to her and vnder her to Sir W. R. For the last Plantation by the present Patent of His Maiesty Paspehay one of their Kings sold vs land for Copper and Powhatan the chiefe Lord of all the Sauages with thirty nine Werowances haue yeelded to more then formes and circumstances of homage besides contribution hauing also actually sold for Copper by him receiued of Cap. Iohn Smith and made voluntary cession of as much as the English desired going away with his people to leaue it to the English onely This purchase was much increased by Sir Thomas Dale and for whatsoeuer else which he held hee accepted a Copper Crowne as Vassall to His Maiesty which also hee really performed for a time howsoeuer since they haue beene perfidious And this perfidiousnesse of theirs hath further warranted the English Title Temperance and Iustice had before kissed each other and seemed to blesse the cohabitations of English and Indians in Virginia But when Virginia was violently rauished by her owne ruder Natiues yea her Virgin cheekes dyed with the bloud of three Colonies that of Sir R. Greenevile that of Sir W. R. both confessed by themselues and this last butchery intended to all extended to so many hundreths with so immaine inhumane dâ—uillish treachery that I speake not of thousands otherwise mis-caring here and mis-carrying there taking possession of Uirginia by their facts and fates by so manifold losses adding to the price of Virginias purchase Temperance could not temper her selfe yea the stupid Earth seemes distempered with such bloudy potions and cries that shee is ready to spue out her Inhabitants Iustice cryeth to GOD foe vengeance and in his name adiureth Prudence and Fortitude to the execution The Holy Patriarks had a promise of Canaan yet held no possession but with their dead bodies Ioseph by faith gaue charge concerning his bones Virginia by so many rights naturalized English by first discouery actuall possession chargeable continuation long prescription voluntary subiection deliuery of seisin naturall inheritance of English there borne reall sale legall cession regall vassallage disloyall treason hath now confiscated whatsoeuer remainders of right the vnnaturall Naturalls had and made both them and their Countrey wholly English prouoking vs if wee bee our owne not base degenerate vnworthy the name of English so that wee shall not haue any thing left like Dauids Embassadors which thus abused brought their Master a iust title to Ammon purchased by their disgraces to couer our nakednesse till Virginia couer reward inrich vs with a totall subiection at lest if not a fatall reuenge And thus much for our right which God hath giuen vs whose Virginian tribute is his glory that hee may indeed be Alpha and Omega as hath beene said of the Virginian Plantation which if it hath not satisfied the expectation hitherto no doubt that defect hath in great part proceeded from this The end of a thing is the beginning being first in intention though last in execution the end which Christians ought to ayme at is God Doing all things in the name of our Lord Iesus Christ to the glory of God the Father by the gracious guide and assistance of the Holy Ghost Glory is Frequens de aliquo fama cum laude And heereby is our Father glorified sayeth Christ if yee bring forth much fruite and so shall yee be my Disciples Loe here the scope of Christians Plantations to plant Christianity to produce and multiply Christians by our words and works to further the knowledge of God in his Word and Workes The workes of God glorifie their Creator The Heauens saith Dauid declare the glory of God c. I will triumph in the workes of thy hands O Lord how great are thy workes and thy thoughts are very deepe A bruitish man knoweth not neither doth a foole vnderstand this All creatures
lesse feare imbarguing detention imposts yea shall from other Nations raise by returne of our excesse in these kindes great Summes besides the furnishing of the Kingdome with greater encrease of Shipping Marriners and innumerable employments and the securing and enriching the Ports both of Ireland and England As for Tobacco I haue said little of it because it is so generally knowne which yet is said to be worth to Spaine 100000. pounds yearely and that I grieue to speak it from the fume-fome-froth-spirits of England the abundance brought from Virginia and Summer Ilands inopes nos cepia fecit exceedeth the Market and because so many by immoderate vse thereof are corrupted here at home and the present benefit thereby accrewing in quicke returne hindreth designes of better consequence there And thus much of Virginias present or very probable Commodities to which we may adde the hopes in future times by finding there as good vent for our Wools and Clothes both to the English and ciuilized Indian as the Spaniards doe in their Indies by their Wines and Oyle of which I haue already said that they permit not the generall growth in their Indian plantations for the continuance and necessitie of commerce with Spaine And who seeth not the exceeding benefit which may arise by compleat commerce in venting our owne superfluities of Men of others and specially the principall of English Commodities Cloth and Wooll with the Gospel of our Lord Iesus and returning from thence Clapboord Pipe-staues Cauiare Oade Madder Salt Cordage Pitch Tarre Sope-ashes Pot-ashes Cotton-wools Gaules Furres Hops Hides Gummes Dyes Gingers Sugars Silkes Wines Iron Timbers Fish Ships Mariners Merchants and a World of the Worlds most vseful good things thorow an open Sea obnoxious to no forreine Potentate from and to known and secure Ports and Harbours It is also not only vsefull at all times but necessary to these times as to transport superfluous numbers from hence to Virginia so to cure the diseases of the times caused by the wants of Monies the life of trading and sinewes of a great State attended with wants of sale for the Merchant and consequently of Clothiers and other subordinate professions want of worke for Spinsters Weauers and innumerable poorer Trades and Handicraftsmen want of trading for Citizens neither hath such a generall breaking beene euer knwone so many shops in the principall limmes and streets of this Citie yea in Cheapside the faire face yea in the eye of that beauteous face the Gold-Smiths Row where besides so many shoppes conuerted to other Trades I haue told this last Winter betwixt Friday-street and Bread-street the third part shut vp want of employment for decayed Gentlemen both the elder Vnthrifts and younger Gallants which want of moneyes and store of wants thence issuing is in greatest part caused by the Merchandizes sought and bought in other Countries whereby our Moneyes fall into forraine Whirle-pooles without hopes of recouery whereas if our Trade lay as we see the Spanish with our owne Colonies and Plantations else-where wee should hold them still current in our owne Nation and draw others to bring to vs both Wares and Moneyes from other Regions for the Commodities aforesaid And thus should the Vices of the Times be remedied and the vices of men or vicious men finde from Tobacco Silkes Wines and other excesses like the sting of Scorpions from the Oyle of Scorpions a cure thence whence they receiued their wounds and so many ruptures should eyther be preuented or healed prouisions also procured for employment of honest and humble pouertie at home and the inordinate spirits of others tamed by the Sea and trained at labour to better Discipline I adde further that the prosecution of the Virginian Plantation is both profitable and necessary for the strengthning of the Plantations already begun in Summer Ilands New England and New found Land and that other expected in New Scotland Now if we adde the hopefull passage to the South Sea that one argument is more then all the rest if our eyes shall once be blessed with that desired sight For the trade of the whole world is then made compendious all the rich trades of the East Indies are obuious and neerer hand and no force is able to scoure so large a Coast as that Westerne shoare of all America and secure it from our trading Hence if we finde not golden Countries before not possessed by other Christians whereof also Sir Francis Drakes Noua Albion so long since subiected by voluntary surrender to the English Crowne hath giuen vs hope yet trade will bring the Mines of the West into our ships and the Spices and other rich Merchandize of the East into our shops at easier charge and therefore saleable at easier rates But this Designe of the South Sea may seeme desperate and the Argument ridiculous I shall therefore indeuour to giue better light therein and withall to adde another Argument as weightie as it and greater then all exceptions I may adde also the case of Warre which I desire not but which may happen and Bellona may euen now seeme pregnant and alreadie conceiued whose abortion might be wished if necessitie adde not honour to the lawfulnesse I but propound a case possible The most certaine honorable and beauteous front of Peace hath a backe part of Warre and therefore in securest Peace Prudence is not so secure but she armeth her selfe against feares of War forewarning and forearming men by the Sword drawne to preuent the drawing of Swords and eyther eschewes it or reaps good out of it It is not vnknowne what expenses England hath sustained in and euer since Sir Sebastian Cabots first Discouerie as in those of Sir Hugh Willoughby Burrough Pet and Iackman by the North-east of Hudson Poole Fotherby and diuers other Nauigations by the North of Sir Martine Frobusher Captaine Dauies Sir Thomas Button Master Knight Hudson Hall Baffin and other manifold Discoueries by the North-west all seeking a compendious passage to Cathay and to the East Indies The Reasons which mooued them were far more hopefull then that of Columbus which found not with standing far better and speedier successe Successe is a seruile Argument for Sense rather then for Reason and in this whole Virginian proiect I speake to English Aduenturers and not to pettie Pedlers or Virginian Sauages to such whose eyes are in their heads and not in their hands Careat successibus opto Quisquis abeuentu facta notanda putet Yet hath not Successe beene wholy frustrate yea both Reason and Sense plead for a Passage and Virginias vsefulnesse therein I will not bring vncertaine testimonies of a Portugall taken in a Carrike in Queene Elizabeths dayes and of another Portugall in Guinie which affirmed to Sir Martine Frobusher that hee had past it nor of Garcia Loaisa which is said by the Coast of New-found-land to haue gone to the Moluccas nor of Uasco Coronado in his Letter to the Emperour Charles and other antiquated
Brother vnto Captaine Rawley Gilbert who at that time was President of that Councell But found that the old Captaine Popham was also dead who was the onely man indeed that died there that Winter wherein they indured the greater extremities for that in the depth thereof their Lodgings and stores were burnt and they thereby wondrously distressed This calamitie and euill newes together with the resolution that Captaine Gilbert was forced to take for his owne returne in thaâ— he was to succeed his Brother in the Inheritance of his Lands in England made the whole Company to resolue vpon nothing but their returne with the ships and for that present to leaue that Countrey againe hauing in the time of their abode there notwithstanding the coldnesse of the season and the small helpe they had built a prettie Barke of their owne which serued them to good purpose as easing them in their returning The arriuall of these people here in England was a wonderfull discouragement to all the first vndertakers in so much as there was no more speech of setling any other Plantation in those parts for a long time after only Sir Francis Popham hauing the ships and prouision which remayned of th Company and supplying what was necessary for his purpose sent diuers times to the Coasts for Trade and fishing of whose losse or gaines himselfe is best able to giue account Our people abandoning the Plantation in this sort as you haue heard the Frenchmen immediately tooke the opportunitie to settle themselues within our limits which beeing heard of by those of Virginia that discreetly tooke to their consideration the inconueniences that might arise by suffering them to harbour there they dispatched Sir Samuel Argall with Commission to displace them which he performed with much discretion iudgement valour and dexteritie For hauing seized their Forts which they had built at Mount Mansell Saint Croix and Port Reall he carried away their Ordnance he also surprised their Ship Cattle and other Prouisions which he transported to the Colonie in Virginia to their great benefit And hereby hee hath made a way for the present hopefull Plantation to be made in Noua Scotia which we heare his Maiestie hath lately granted to Sir William Alexander Knight one of his Maiesties most Honorable Councell of the Kingdome of Scotland to be held of the said Crowne and that not without some of our priuities as by approbation vnder writing may and doth appeare Whereby it is manifest that wee are so farre from making a Monopoly of all those Lands belonging to that Coast as hath beene scandalously by some obiected That wee wish that many would vndertake the like In this Interim there were of vs who apprehended better hopes of good that might ensue by this attempt being thereunto perswaded both by the Relations of our people that had indured the many difficulties whereunto such actions are subiected chiefly in the Winter Season and likewise by the informations giuen them by certaine of the Natiues that had beene kept a long time in their hands wherefore we resolued once more to trie the veritie thereof and to see if possibly we might finde some thing that might induce a fresh resolution to prosecute a Worke so pious and so honourable And thereupon they dispatched Captayne Hobson of the I le of Wight together with Captayne Herley Master Iohn Matthew Master Sturton with two Sauages the one called Epenow the other Manawet with Commission and directions fit for them to obserue and follow the better to bring to passe what was expected But as in all humane affaires there is nothing more certaine then the vncertaintie thereof so fell it out in this for a little before such time as they arriued vpon the Coast with the foresaid Sauages who were Naturals of those parts it happened there had beene one Hunt a worthlesse fellow of our Nation set out by certaine Merchants for loue of gaine who not content with the commoditie he had by the fish and peaceable Trade he found among the Sauages after he had made his dispatch and was ready to set sayle more Sauage-like then they seized vpon the poore innocent creatures that in confidence of his honestie had put themselues into his hands And stowing them vnder Hatches to the number of twentie foure carried them into the Straits where he sought to sell them for slaues and sold as many as he could get mony for But when it was vnderstood from whence they were brought the Friers of those parts took the rest from them and kept them to be instructed in the Christian Faith and so disappointed this vnworthy fellow of the hopes of gaine he conceiued to make by this new and Deuillish proiect This being knowne by our two Sauages formerly spoken of they presently contracted such an hatred against our whole Nation as they immediately studied how to be reuenged and contriued with their friends the best meanes to bring it to passe but Manawet dying in a short time after the shippes arriuall there and the other obseruing the good order and strong guard our people kept studied only how to free himselfe out of our hands and thereupon laid the plot very orderly and indeed effected his purpose although with so great hazard to himselfe and friends that laboured his rescue that Captayne Hobson and his whole Company imagined hee had beene slaine And though in the recouery of his bodie they wounded the Master of our ship and diuers other of our Company yet was not their Designe without the slaughter of some of their people and the hurts of other compassed as appeared afterward Hereupon Captaine Hobson and his Company conceiuing the end of their attempt to bee frustrate resolued without more adoe to returne and so those hopes that charge and Voyage was lost also for they brought home nothing but the newes of their euill successe of the vnfortunate cause thereof and of a Warre now new begun betweene the Inhabitants of those parts and vs. A miserable comfort for so weake meanes as were now left to pursue the conclusion of so tedious an Enterprise While this was a working we found the meanes to send out Captaine Iohn Smith from Plimmouth in a ship together with Master Dermer and diuers others with him to lay the foundation of a new Plantation and to try the fishing of that Coast and to seeke to settle a Trade with the Natiues But such was his misfortune as being scarce free of our owne Coast he had his Masts shaken ouer-boord by stormes and tempests his ship wonderfully distressed and in that extremitie forced to come backe againe so as the season of the yeere being almost spent wee were of necessitie enforced to furnish him with another ship and taking out the prouision of the first dispatched him away againe who comming to the height of the Westerne Ilands was chased by a French Pirate and by him made Prisoner although his ship
him thriee discouered called in the Latitude of 43. derees 20. minutes were imployed for a farther discouery of these Coasts And if any good occasion were offered to leaue as many men as wee could spare in the Country Being victualled for eleuen or twelue moneths at the charges of the Honourable Sir Iohn Popham Knight Lord chiefe Iustice of England Sir Fardinando Gorges Knight Captaine of the Fort of Plimouth together with diuers other worshipfull Knights Gentlemen and Merchants of the West Countrye Iohn Stoneman of Plimouth being Pilot who had beene in the foresaid parts of Virginia the yeere before with George Waymouth The Masters name was Nicholas Hine of Cockington neere Dartmouth The last day of August wee fell with the I le of Madera where we watered and refreshed our selues and stayed three dayes being very kindly vsed by the Inhabitants The third day of September wee departed from thence passing betweene Gomora and Palma two of the Canary Iles and from thence were driuen by contrary winds to take a more Southerly course then we intended and so spent more then sixe weekes before wee could recouer any of the Ant-Iles The first that wee could recouer was the I le of Saint Lucia in the Latitude of 14. degrees 20. minutes where we refreshed our selues with Wood and Water And saw certaine of the Sauages there about fortie or fiftie came vnto vs at our Ship in one of their Cannoas bringing vnto vs Tobacco Potatos Plantins and Cassaui Bread the which Sauages had slaine more then fortie of our Nation the yeere before 1605. as after wee vnderstood by Philip Glasco and Miles Pett being two of Captaine Nicholas Saint Iohns company which was there treacherously slaine among the rest Hauing stayed heare three dayes about the two and twentieth of October we departed thence to the Northward And in passing by the I le of Dominica wee chanced to see a white Flag put forth on the shoare whereat maruelling wee supposed that some Christians had sustained shipwrack their And forthwith a Cannoa came off from the shoare towards vs which when they came neere being very little wind we layed our Ship by the lee and stayed for them a little and when they were come within a little distance of the Ship wee perceiued in the Cannoa a Friar who cried aloud in the Latine tongue saying I beseech as you are Christians for Christ his sake to shew some mercy and compassion on mee I am a Preacher of the Word of God a Friar of the Order of Franciscus in Siuill by name Friar Blasius And that hee had beene there sixteene moneths a Slaue vnto those Sauages and that other two Friars which were of his company they had murthered and throwne into the Sea We demanded of him then how he got so much fauour to preserue his life his Brethren being murthered Hee answered because hee did shew the Sauages how to fit them Sayles for their Cannoas and so to ease them of much labour often in rowing which greatly pleased the Sauages as appeared for wee saw them to vse sayles in their Cannoas which hath not beene seene before Then we demanded of him where they had this Linnen Cloth to make those Sayles hee answered That about two yeeres before that three Gallions comming to the West Indies were cast away on the I le of Gwadalopa where abundance of Linnen Cloth and other Merchandise was cast on shoare We demanded farther what was the cause of his being in this place and how he came thither he answered That the King of Spaine did euery yeere send out of euery great Monastery certaine Friars into the remote parts of the Indies both to seeke to conuert the Sauages as also to seeke out what benefits or commodities might be had in those parts and also of what force the Sauages were of and what number of them were in the seuen Ant-Iles viz. Saint Vincent Granado Saint Lucia Mattalina Dominica Gwadalopa Aisey The which the said Friar Blaseus said he had diligently noted and obserued and did hope to make perfect relation of such great benefits and riches as was to be drawne from thence as he doubted not but would bee greatly accepted of his King if hee might liue to returne to declare it For said hee I haue seene in one Riuer discending from the Mountaines in the I le of Dominica the Sand to glitter like Gold or find Copper whereupon I tooke some of it and chewed it betweene my teeth and found it perfect Mettall the Sauages noting me began to haue some iealousie of me so as I durst not take any farther notice of it neither would they suffer him forward to come neere to that place And farther hee said That if the great plentie of diuers Fruits and Roots fit for mans sustenance were perfectly knowne together with the Sugar-canes that they haue in those Iles and the fertilitie of the soyle he thought it would be very shortly inhabited and as for the number of Sauages there as neere as we could vnderstand was scarce one thousand of all sorts of men women and children in all the said seuen Iles. Now being moued with pittie at the lamentable complaint and humble suit of this distressed Friar wee tooke him into our Ship and sent away the Sauages much discontented And from thence wee sayled to the I le of Saint Iohn De-port-rico where on the nine and twentieth of October wee arriued on the Southside and forthwith sent the Friar on shoare and deliuered him to two Heardsmen which most thankfully receiued him and of their courtesie brought vs a fat Cow and proferred vs more with Hogs Calues or any thing else that they could procure vs in recompence of the good deed done to the Friar Wee departed from thence and sayled out betweene the Iles of Saint Iohn De-portrico and Hispaniola standing away to the Northward And leauing the great shoalds called Abrioio on our Larboord side being in the Latitude of 21. and 22. degrees from thence Westward our course North North-west and North-west and by North vntill wee were in the Latitude of 27. degrees or better and about one hundred and eightie leagues from Saint Iohn de Port Rico. In this place hauing had a very great storme of Wind and Raine continuing fiftie sixe houres and more before on the tenth day of Nouember about ten of the clocke in the morning suddenly we found our selues in the middest of a Fleet of eight Sayle of ships in a very thicke fogge of mist and raine so as we could not see them before they were very neere and within shot of them wherein three of them were on the wind-ward of vs on a third and fourth more to lee-ward those at the wind-ward came to me vnto vs and shot at vs requiring vs to speake with their Admirall When we saw that by no meanes we could auoid them but that they would speake with vs we put
night to the harbour that we were in at our entring which we call Flag-staffe Harbour because we found there the Flag-staffe throwne by the Sauages away These Sauages by all likelihood were animated to come vnto vs by reason that wee tooke nothing from them at Sauage Bay and some of them may be of those which dwell there For in no other place where we were could we perceiue any tokens of any aboade of them c. CHAP. VIII Captaine RICHARD WHITBOVRNES Voyages to New-found-land and obseruations there and thereof taken out of his Printed Booke IT it well knowne that my breeding and course of life hath beene such as that I haue long time set many people on worke and spent most of my daies in trauell specially in Merchandizing and Sea-Voyages I haue beene often in France Spain Italy Portugall Sauoy Denmarke Norway Spruceland the Canaries and Soris Ilands and for the New-found-land it is almost so familiarly knowne to me as my owne Countrey In the yeere 1588. I serued vnder the then Lord Admirall as Captaine in a Ship of my owne set forth at my charge against the Spanish Armado and after such time as that seruice was ended taking my leaue of his Honour I had his fauourable Letters to one Sir Robert Denuis in the Countie of Deuon Knight whereby there might be some course taken that the charge as well of my owne Ship as also of two other and a Pinnace with the victuals and men therein imploied should not be any way burthensome to me Wherein there was such order giuen by the then right Honorable Lords of the priuie Counsell that the same was well satisfied which seruice is to be seene recorded in the Booke at White-Hall Now to expresse some of my Voyages to the New-found-land which make most for the present purpose My first Voyage thither was about fortie yeeres since in a worthie Shippe of the burthen of three hundred â—un set forth by one Master Cotton of South-hampton wee were bound to the Grand Bay which lieth on the Northside of that Land purposing there to trade then with the Sauage people for whom we carried sundry commodities and to kill Whales and to make Traine Oyle as the Biscaines doe there yeerely in great abundance But this our intended Voyage was ouerthrowne by the indiscretion of our Captaine and faint-hartednesse of some Gentlemen of our Companie whereupon we set faile from thence and bare with Trinity Harbour in New-found-land where we killed great store of Fish Deere Beares Beauers Seales Otters and such like with abundance of Sea-fowle and so returning for England wee arriued safe at South-hampton In a Voyage to that Countrie about six and thirtie yeeres since I had then the command of a worthy Ship of two hundred and twenty tun set forth by one Master Crooke of South-hampton At that time Sir Humfrey Gilbert a Deuonshire Knight came thither with two good Ships and a Pinnace and brought with him a large Patent from the late most renowned Queene Elizabeth and in her name tooke possession of that Countrie in the Harbour of Saint Iohns whereof I was an eye-witnesse He failed from thence towards Virginia and by reason of some vnhappy direction in his course the greatest Ship he had strucke vpon Shelues on the Coast of Canadie and was there lost with most part of the company in her And he himselfe being then in a small Pinnace of twenty tun in the company of his Vice-Admirall one Captaine Hayes returning towards England in a great storme was ouerwhelmed with the Seas and so perished In another Voyage I made thither about foure and thirty yeeres past wherein I had the command of a good Ship partly mine one at that time own Sir Bernard Drake of Deuonshire Knight came thither with a Commission and hauing diuers good Ships vnder his command hee there took many Portugall Ships laden with Fish and brought them into England as Prizes Omitting to speak of other Voyages I made thither during the late Queens raign I will descend to later times In the yeere 1611. being in New-found-land at which time that famous Arch-Pirate Peter Easton came there and had with him ten saile of good Ships well furnished and very rich I was kept eleuen weekes vnder his command and had from him many golden promises and much wealth offered to be put into my hands as it is well knowne I did perswade him much to desist from his euill course his intreaties then to me being that I would come for England to some friends of his and sollicite them to become humble petitioners to your Maiestie for his pardon but hauing no warrant to touch such goods I gaue him thinkes for his offer onely I requested him to release a Ship that he had taken vpon the Coast of Guinnie belonging to one Captaine Rashly of Foy in Cornewall a man whom I knew but onely by report which he accordingly released Whereupon I prouided men victuals and a fraught for the said Ship and so sent her home to Dartmouth in Donen though I neuer had so much as thankes for my kindenesse therein And so leauing Easton I came for England and gaue notice of his intention letting passe my Voyage I intended for Naples and lost both my labour and charges for before my arriuall there was a pardon granted and sent him from Ireland But Easton houering with those ships and riches vpon the Coast of Barbary as he promised with a longing desire and full expectation to be called home lost that hope by a too much delaying of time by him who carried the Pardon Whereupon he failed to the Straights of Gibraltar and was afterwards entertained by the Duke of Sauoy vnder whom he liued rich I was there also in the yeere 1614. when Sir Henry Manwaring was vpon that Coast with fiue good Ships strongly prouided he caused me to spend much time in his company and from him I returned into England although I was bound from thence to Marsseâ—â—is to make sale of such goods as I then had and other imploiments c. In the yeere 1615. I returned againe to New-found-land carrying with mee a Commission out of the high Court of Admiraltie vnder the great Seale thereof authorising me to empannell Iuries and to make inquirie vpon Oath of sundry abuses and disorders committed amongst Fishermen yeerly vpon that Coast and of the fittest means to redâ—esse the same with some other points hauing a more particular relation to the Office of the Lord Admirall What was then there done by vertue of that Commission which was wholly executed at my owne charge hath bin at large by me already certified into the high Court of Admâ—â—altie Neuerthelesse seeing the same hath beene ouer slipt euer since not produced those good effects which were expected I will in some conuenient place of this Discourse set downe a briefe collection of some part of my endeuours spent in that seruice not doubting but it will be as auaileable for the
returned home into Plimmoth for a new supply of victuals and other necessaries who considering the foresaid tempest were of opinion that the Nauie being of late dispersed and tossed vp and downe the maine Ocean was by no meanes able to performe their intended Voyage Moreouer the Lord Charles Howard Lord high Admirall of England had receiued Letters from the Court signifying vnto him that her Maiesty was aduertised that the Spanish Fleete would not come forth nor was to be any longer expected for and therefore that vpon her Maiesties commandement hee must send backe foure of her tallest and strongest Ships vnto Chattam The Lord high Admirall of England being thus on the sudden namely vpon the 19. of Iuly about foure of the clocke in the afternoone enformed by the Pinnace of Captaine Fleming aforesaid of the Spaniards approach with all speede and diligence possible hee warped his Ships and caused his Mariners and Souldiers the greater part of whom was absent for the cause aforesaid to come on boord and that with great trouble and difficultie insomuch that the Lord Admirall himselfe was faine to lie without in the road with six Ships onely all that night after the which many others came forth of the hauen The very next day being the 20. of Iuly about high noone was the Spanish Fleet escried by the English which with a South-west winde came sailing along and passed by Plimmouth in which regard according to the iudgement of many skilfull Nauigators they greatly ouershot themselues whereas it had beene more commodious for them to haue staied themselues there considering that the Englishmen being as yet vnprouided greatly relied vpon their owne forces and knew not the estate of the Spanish Nauie Moreouer this was the most conuenient Port of all others where they might with greater security haue beene aduertised of the English forces and how the commons of the land stood affected and might haue stirred vp some mutinie so that hit her they should haue bent all their puissance and from hence the Duke of Parma might more easily haue conueied his Ships But this they were prohibited to doe by the King and his Counsell and were expresly commanded to vnite themselues vnto the souldiers and ships of the said Duke of Parma and so to bring their purpose to effect Which was thought to be the most easie and direct course for that they imagined that the English and Dutch men would be vtterly daunted and dismaied thereat and would each man of them retire vnto his owne Prouâ—â—ce or Port for the defence thereof and transporting the Armie of the Duke vnder the protection of their huge Nauie they might inuade England It is reported that the chiefe commanders in the Nauy and those which were more skilfull in nauigation to wit Iohn Martines de Ricalde Diego Flores de Ualdez and diuers others found fault that they were bound vnto so strict directions and instructions because that in such a case many particular accidents ought to concurre and to be respected at one and the same instant that is to say the opportunitie of the winde weather time tide and ebbe wherein they might faile from Flanders to England Oftentimes also the darknesse and light the situation of places the depths and shoalds were to be considered all which especially depended vpon the conueniency of the windes and were by so much the more dangerous But it seemed that they were enioyned by their Commission to ancre neere vnto or about Caleis whither the Duke of Parma with his ships and all his warlike prouision was to resort and while the English and Spanish great ships were in the midst of their conflict to passe by and to land his souldiers vpon the Downes The Spanish Captiues reported that they were determined first to haue entred the Riuer of Thames thereupon to haue passed with small ships vp to London supposing that they might easily win that rich and flourishing Citie being but meanely fortified and inhabited with Citizens not accustomed to the wars who durst not withstand their first encounter hoping moreouer to finde many rebels against her Maiestie and Popish Catholikes or some fauourers of the Scottish Queene not long before beheaded who might be instruments of sedition Thus often aduertising the Duke of Parma of their approach the 20. of Iuly they passed by Plimmouth which the English pursuing and getting the winde of them gaue them the chase and the encounter and so both Fleetes frankly exchanged their Bullets The day following which was the 21. of Iuly the English Ships approached within Musket shot of the Spanish at what time the Lord Charles Howard most hotly and valiantly discharged his Ordnance vpon the Spanish Vice-admirall The Spaniards then well perceiuing the nimblenesse of the English ships in discharging vpon the enemy on all sides gathered themselues close into the forme of an halfe Moone and slackned their sailes least they should outgoe any of their company And while they were proceeding on in this manner one of their great Galliasses was so furiously battered with shot that the whole Nauie was faine to come vp rounder together for the safegard thereof whereby it came to passe that the principall Galleon of Siuill wherein Don Pedro de Valdez Vasques de Silua Alonzo de Sayas and other Noble men were embarqued falling foule of another ship had her fore-mast broken and by that meanes was not able to keepe way with the Spanish Fleete neither would the said Fleete stay to succour it but lâ—ft the distressed Galeon behinde The Lord Admirall of England when hee saw this Ship of Ualdez and thought she had beene voide of Marriners and Souldiers taking with him as many ships as he could passed by it that hee might not loose sight of the Spanish Fleete that night For Sir Francis Drake who was not withstanding appointed to beare out his Lanterne that night was giuing of chase vnto fiue great Hulkes which had separated themselues from the Spanish Fleete but finding them to be Easterlings hee dismissed them The Lord Admirall all that night following the Spanish Lanterne instead of the English found himselfe in the morning to be in the midst of his enemies Fleete but when he perceiued it he clenly conueied himselfe out of that great danger The day following which was the 22. of Iuly Sir Francis Drake espied Valdez his ship whereunto he sent for his Pinnace and being aduertised that Ualdez himselfe was there and 450. persons with him he sent him word that hee should yeelde himselfe Valdez for his honours fake caused certaine conditions to be propounded vnto Drake who answered Valdez that he was not now at leisure to make any long parle but if he would yeelde himselfe he should finde him friendly and tractable howbeit if he had resolued to die in fight he should proue Drake to be no dastard Vpon which answer Ualdez and his Company vnderstanding that they were fallen into the hands of fortunate Drake being
Shot returned backe for England leauing behinde them certaine Pinasses onely which they enioyned to follow the Spaniards aloofe and to abserue their course And so it came to passe that the fourth of August with great danger and industry the English arriued at Harwich for they had beene tossâ—d vp and downe with a mighty tempest for the space of two or three dayes together which it is likely did great hurt vnto the Spanish fleet being as I said before so maimed and battered The English now going on shoare prouided themselues forth with of Victuals Gunpowder and other things expedient that they might be ready at all assayes to entertaine the Spanish fleete if it chanced any more to reâ—urne Bu â—eing afterward more certainely informed of the Spaniards course they thought it best to leaue them vnto those boisterous and vncouth Northren Seas and not there to hunt after them The Spaniards seeing now that they wanted foure or fiue thousand of their people and hauing diuers maimed and sicke persons and likewise hauing lost ten or twelue of their principall ships they consulted among themselues what they were best to doe being now escaped out of the hands of the English because their victuals failed them in like sort they began also to want cables cordage ankerâ— masts sailes and other nauall furniture and vtterly despaired of the Duke of Parma his assistance who verily hoping vndoubtedly expecting the return of the Spanish fleet was continually occupied about his great preparation commanding abundance of ankers to be made and other necessary furniture for a Nauy to be prouided they thought it good at length so soone as the winde should serue them to fetch a compasse about Scotland and Ireland and so to returne for Spaine For they well vnderstood that commandement was giuen thorowout all Scotland that they should not haue any succour or assistance there Neither yet could they in Norway supply their wants Wherefore hauing taken certaine Scottish and other fisherboats they brought the men on boord their owne ships to the end they might be their guides and Pilots Fearing also least their fresh water should faile them they cast all their horses and mules ouer-boord and so touching no where vpon the coast of Scotland but being carried with a fresh gale betweene the Orcades and Faar-Isles they proceeded farre North euen vnto 61. degrees of latitude being distant from any land at the least 40. leagues Here the Duke of Medina Generall of the Fleet commanded all his followers to shape their course for Biscay and he himselfe with twenty or fiue and twenty of his ships which were best prouided of fresh water and other necessaries holding on his course ouer the maine Ocean returned safely home The residue of his ships being about forty in number and committed vnto his Vice-admirall fell neerer with the coast of Ireland intending their course for Cape Clare because they hoped there to get fresh water and to refresh themselues on land But after they were driuen with many contrary windes at length vpon the second of September they were cast by a tempest arising from the South-west vpon diuers parts of Ireland where many of their ships perished And amongst others the ship of Michael de Oquendo which was one of the great Galliasses and two great ships of Venice also namely la Ratta and Belanzara with other 36 or 31. ships more which perished in sundry tempests together with most of the persons contained in them Likewise some of the Spanish ships were the second time carried with a strong West wind into the channell of England whereof some were taken by the English vpon their coast and others by the men of Rochel vpon the coast of France Moreouer there arriued at Newhauen in Norm andy being by tempest inforced so to doe one of the foure great Galliasses whereby they found the ships with the Spanish women which followed the Fleet at their setting forth Two ships also were cast away vpon the coast of Norway one of them being of a great burthen howbeit all the persons in the said great ship were saued insomuch that of 134 ships which set saile out of Portugall there returned home 53. onely small and great namely of the foure Galliasses but one and but one of the foure Gallies Of the 91. great Galleons and Hulkes there were missing 58. and 33. returned of the Pataches and Zabraes 17. were missing and 18. returned home In briefe there were missing 81. ships in which number were Galliasses Gallies Galeons and other vessels both great and small And amongst the 53. ships remaining those also are reckoned which returned home before they came into the English channell Two Galeons of those which were returned were by misfortune burnt as they rode in the hauen and such like mishaps did many other vndergoe Of 30000. persons which went in this expedition there perished according to the number and proportion of the ships the greater and better part and many of them which came home by reason of the toiles inconueniences which they sustained in this voiage died not long after their arriuall The Duke of Medina immediately vpon his returne was deposed from his authority commanded to his priuate house and forbidden to repaire vnto the Court where he could hardly satisfie or yeeld a reason vnto his malicious enemies and backbiters Many honorable personages and men of great renown deceased soone after their returne as namely Iohn Martines de Ricalde with diuers others A great part also of the Spanish Nobility and Gentry employed in this expedition perished either by fight diseases or drowning before their arriuall and among the rest Thomas Perenot of Granduell a Dutchman being Earle of Cantebroi and son vnto Cardinall Granduell his brother Vpon the coast of Zeland Don Diego de Pimentell brother vnto the Marquesse de Tamnares and kinsman vnto the Earle of Bencuâ—ntum Calua and Colonell ouer 32. bands with many other in the same ship was taken and detained as prisoner in Zeland Into England as we said before Don Pedro de Valdez a man of singular experience and greatly honoured in his country was led captiue being accompanied with Don Uasques de Silua Don Alonzo de Sayas and others Likewise vpon the Scottish Westerne Isles of Lewis and Ila and about Cape Cantyre vpon the maine land there were cast away certaine Spanish Ships out of which were saued diuers Captaines and Gentlemen and almost foure hundred souldiers who for the most part after their shipwracke were brought vnto Edenborough in Scotland and being miserably needy and naked were there cloathed at the liberalitie of the King and the Merchants and afterward were secretly shipped for Spaine but the Scottish Fleete wherein they passed touching at Yarmouth on the coast of Norfolke were there staied for a time vntill the Counsels pleasure was knowne who in regard of their manifold miseries though they were enemies winked at their passage Vpon the
and necessary way to be held against him and therefore more importing then the warre in the Low-countries I doubt not but this voyage hath sufficiently made knowne what they are euen vpon their owne dunghill which had it bin set out in such sort as it was agreed vpon by their first demand it might haue made our Nation the most glorious people of the world For hath not the want of eight of the twelue Peeces of Artillery which were promised vnto the Aduenture lost her Maiesty the possâ—ssion of the Groine and many other places as hereafter shall appeare whose defensible rampiers were greater then our battery such as it was cold force and therefore were left vnattempted It was also resolued to haue sent 600. English Horses of the Low-countries whereof wee had not one notwithstanding the great charges expended in their transportation hither and that may the Army assembled at Puente de Burgos thanke God of as well as the forces of Portugall who fore-ran vs six dayes together Did we not want seuen of the thirteen old Companies which we should haue had from thence foure of the ten Dutch Companies and six of their men of Warre for the Sea from the Hollanders which I may iustly say wee wanted in that we might haue had so many good Souldiers so many good ships and so many able bodies more then wee had Did there not vpon the first thinking of the iourney diuers gallant Courtiers put in their names for Aduenturers to the sum of 10000. li. who seeing it went forward in good earnest aduised themselues better and laid the want of so much money vpon the iourney Was there not moreouer a round summe of the aduenture spent in leâ—ying furnishing and maintaining three moneths one thousand fiue hundred men for the seruice of Berghen with which Companies the Mutinies of Ostend were suppressed a seruice of no small moment What misery the detracting of the time of our setting out which should haue beene the first of February did lay vpon vs too many can witnesse and what extremitie the want of that months victualls which wee did eat during the moneth wee lay at Plimouth for wind might haue driuen vs vnto no man can doubt of that knoweth what men doe liue by had not God giuen vs in the end a more prosperous wind and shorter passage into Galitia then hath been often seene where our owne force and fortune reuictualled vs largely of which crosse winds that held vs two dayes after our going out the Generalls being weary thrust to Sea in the same wisely chusing rather to attend the change thereof there then by being in Harbour to lose any part of the better when it should come by hauing their men on shoare in which two dayes twentie fiue of our Companies shipped in part of the Fleet were scattered from vs either not being able or willing to double Ushant These burdens layed vpon our Generalls before their going out they haue patiently endured and I thinke they haue thereby much enlarged their honour for nauing done thus much with the want of our Artillery 600. Horse 3000. Foot 20000. li. of their aduenture and one moneths victualls of their proportion what may be coniectured they would haue done with their full complement For our instruction against them who had almost seduced you from the â—â—ue opinon you hold of such men you shall vnderstand that Generall Norris from his booke was trained vp in the warres of the Admirall of France and in very young yeeres had charge of men vnder the Earle of Essex in Ireland which with what commendations hee then discharged I leaue to the report of them who obserued those seruices Vpon the breach betwixt Don Iohn and the States he was made Colonell Generall of all the English Forces there present or to come which he continued two yeeres he was then made Marshall of the Field vnder Conte Hobenlo and after that Generall of the Army in Frisland at his comming home in the time of Monsieurs gouernment in Flanders he was made Lord President of Munster in Ireland which he yet holdeth from whence within one yeere hee was sent for and sent Generall of the English Forces which her Maiestie lent then to the Low-countries which he held till the Earle of Leicesters going ouer And he was made Marshall of the Field in England the enemy being vpon our Coast and when it was expected the Crowne of England should haue beene tried by battell All which places of Command which neuer Englishman successiuely attained vnto in forraine warres and the high places her Maiestie hath thought him worthy of may suffice to perswade you that hee was not altogether vnlikely to discharge that he vndertooke What fame Generall Drake hath gotten by his iourney about the world by his aduentures to the West Indies and the scourges hee hath laid vpon the Spanish Nation I leaue to the Southerne parts to speake of But to answere the reports which haue beene giuen out in reproach of the Actors and Action by such as were in the same let no man thinke otherwise but that they who fearing the casuall accidents of Warre had any purpose of returning did first aduise of some occasion that should moue them thereunto and hauing found any whatsoeuer did thinke it sufficiently iust in respect of the earnest desire they had to seeke out matter that might colour their comming home Of these there were some who hauing noted the late Flemish wars did find that many young men haue gone ouer and safely returned Souldiers within few moneths in hauing learned some words of Art vsed in the wars and thought after that good example to spend like time amongst vs which being expired they began to quarrell at the great mortalitie that was amongst vs. The neglect of discipline in the Armie for that men were suffered to bee drunke with the plentie of Wines The scarsitie of Surgions The want of carriages for the hurt and sicke and the penury of victualls in the Campe It hath beene proued by strickt examinations of our Musters that we were neuer in our fulnesse before our going from Plimouth 11000. Souldiers nor aboue 2500. Mariners It is also euident that there returned aboue 6000. of all sorts as appeareth by the seuerall paiments made to them since our comming home And I haue truely shewed you that of these numbers very neere three thousand forsooke the Armie at the Sea whereof some passed into France and the rest returned home So as wee neuer being 13000. in all and hauing brought home aboue six thousand with vs you may see how the world hath beene seduced in beleeuing that we haue lost 16000. men by sicknesse If at home in the eyes of your Iustices Maiors Preachers and Masters and where they pay for euery pot they take they cannot be kept from their liquor doe they thinke that those base disordered persons whom themselues sent vnto vs as liuing at home without rule who hearing of
take in the Iland of Terçea which I held an action of equall importance to the other With this confidence I went out and to these ends but none of these three being performed it may be doubted whether we haue not through weakenesse or negligence failed of successe For which we make answere that if our whole carriage be examined from the first houre to the last it shall appeare that we haue striuen to attaine to euery one of these with as much obstinate constancie as any men in the world could doe and that onely the powerfull hand of God did binde our hands and frustrate all our endeuours The first for the enterprise of Ferel we went out of Plimmouth the third of Iune and stiered directly for that port and when most extreame stormes and contrary windes met with vs we beate it vp till all our Fleete was scattered and many of our ships in desperate case And because I the Generall thought my too soone giuing ouer would not onely depriue the Fleete of our principall ship but absolutly defeate the iourney I forced my company first to abide the continuall increasing of a most dangerous leake which I made light of because I saw that with labour of men I could free the ship as fast as the leake did grow Secondly I made them endure the craking of both my maine and fore mast the one in two places the other in three so as we still looked when they should be carried by the boord which was not enough to make me beare vp because I knew whensoeuer I should loose them both I could with iurie masts by Gods fauour carry the ship home And I continued so long that my ships Okam came all out her seames opened her deckes and vpper workes gaue way her very timbers and maine beames with her labouring did teare like lathes so as we looked hourely when the Orlope would fall and the Ordnance sinke downe to the keele then did those few whom before I had wonne to stand with mee all protest against me that if I did not within a minute of an houre beare vp the helme I did wilfully cast away the ship and whole company Then onely I suffred my selfe to be ouercome and when I came to Plimmouth halfe her Maiesties ships and more then halfe the principall officers by sea and by land were put in before mee for the extremitie their ships were in And when we were all of vs gathered together againe at Plimmouth and had repaired all the ships but mine owne which was sent home to Chatham to be new builded then were we kept in by continuall storme and contrary windes till our victuals which were at first but for three moneths were in a manner all spent and the sicknesse in the Flie boates that carried the land armie growne so great that I had order from her Maiestie to discharge the land forces all but the thousand old Souldiers which were drawne out of the Low Countries By which meanes though we were disabled to land at Ferol to beate the land Armie there and take in the forces which was the certaiue way to command the Adelantados Fleete yet I the Generall offered her Maiestie to send in certaine ships of fire and to second them with the Saint Matthew and Saint Andrew and some great flye-boates and Merchants ships with which I would destroy the most of the enemies principall shipping and leaue all the Queens own English built ships at the mouth of the harbour to assure our retreate By this meanes I should hazard to loose but two great Cartes which before I had won and for the aduenturing of those defeate the enemies whole Nauie Which counsell being allowed though with restraint of mine owne going in with those two ships and an absolute barre to hazard any other we went out the second time to put this proiect in execution But againe ere we could recouer the Spanish coast the Saint Matthew by loosing her foremast was put backe into England and the Saint Andrew had lost company till at one instant within sight of the shoare of the Groine Sir Walter Raleigh the Vice-admirall brake his maine yard which forced him to beare along to the Westward before the winde and I in this second ship had such a desperate leake sprang as when we pumped and boled with buckets as much as we could for our owne liues it grew still vpon vs and when we sought by ramming downe peeces of Beefe and bolding linnen cloath wrong together to stop the comming in of the water it came in notwithstanding so strongly as it bare downe all and beate away euery man that stood to stop it Then was I faine to lye by the lee and make my company worke vpon it all night my master Carpenter the onely skilfull man I had dying at that very instant And when by the great mercy of God we had stopped it the winde being easterly the Fleete was so farre shot a head as I could not recouer the most of them till I came to the Cape Finisterre where holding a Counsell and missing Sir Walter Raleigh who being off at Sea had no plying sailes to get vp missing him I say with thirty sailes that in the night followed his light and hearing that the Saint Matthew which was our principall ship for the execution of our intended enterprise was returned and being barred to hazard any other in her place it was by the whole Counsell of warre concluded that the enterprise of Ferol was ouerthrowne both because though the winde had serued we wanted the ships appointed for that seruice and if wee had had the ships we wanted winde to get into the harbour of Ferol for the winde blew strongly at East which would haue bin fully in our teeth as we had plied in And now wee onely could thinke of the intercepting of the Indian Fleete and defeating of the Adelantado if he had put to Sea For to take in Terçera our land army being discharged we had no meanes whereupon wee bare for the height of the Rocke hoping there because it was our second Rende-uous after Ferel to meete with Sir Walter Raleigh Into which height when I came a message was deliuered mee from Sir Walter Raleigh by one Captaine Skobbels that the Adelantado was gone out of Ferol with his Fleete to Terçera to waft home the West Indian Fleete of treasure and that hee would attend mine answere off of the Burlingas which message of Sir Walters was grounded vpon the report of the Captaine of a ship of Hampton which did confidently deliuer it I the Generall there calling a Counsell tooke a resolution both because wee hoped to meete the Adelantado there and because all our best experimented Seamen did assure vs that it was the likeliest course to meete with the Indian Fleete to goe for the Ilands of the Azores And I sent out Pinnaces both to the Burlinges and toward the South
seuen miles in circuit at the foot fashioned it is vpward like an Hiue and the top therof most commonly to be discerned within and aboue the clouds This Mountaine hath in it by report many great hollow Caues and deepe Vaults and it is credibly reported that oftentimes it breathes out flames and sparkes of fire as doth the Mountaine Aetna Also at the bottome of this Mountain towards the East there is a great Spring of Fresh-water which is seen many times to issue out flakes and stones of fire with great violence and of the number and bignesse of the stones that are throwne out by the force and source of this Spring and what huge workes they make of the multitudes of them they confidently doe tell strange wonders which I will neither affirme nor deny but leaue indifferent to credit as men list Fayall is so called of Faya which in the Portugues signifieth a Beech Tree wherewith that Iland is said to abound But yet I saw there more store of Iuniper and Cedar then of any other Wood or Timber For Aire and Soyle it is as pleasant and fruitfull as any of the other Ilands and in it are some fiue Townes with many pretie Villages and in this Iland there are yet remaining certaine families of the Flemish race Gratiosa is so called of the exceeding fruitfulnesse of the Soyle and pleasant temper of the Ayre Flores of the abundance of Flowers that grow in it Cueruo of the multitude of Rauens and Crowes breeding therein And that Iland doth also breed Horses Saint Maries Saint Georges and Saint Michaels were so called of those Saints names vpon whose dayes they were first discouered for such is the custome of many Nauigators and especially of the Spaniards and Portugues so to call those Landes that they first make by the Saints day and name wherein they are discouered And these three Ilands for temper and fruitfulnesse are suteable with the others But Saint Michael is the greatest of them all Tercera the strongest and Saint Maries the neerest to the Coast of Spaine But now as wee come neerer to our intended purpose for the better vnderstanding thereof I thinke it very necessary and pertinent somewhat to speake of the chiefe Commanders as well by Sea as by Land and also of the number of our Ships and Souldiers together with the proiect and designe of that iourney then vndertaken for the seruice of her late Maiestie and the Honour of our Nation It is therefore to be vnderstood that Robert Deuereux late Earle of Essex Master of the Horse and Ordnance and Knight of the Garter First commanded in chiefe as well Admirall of the Nauie by Sea as Generall of the Armie by Land His Vice-Admirall was the Lord Thomas Howard Knight of the same Order and second Sonne to the last Thomas Duke of Norfolke a Nobleman much honoured and beloued and of great experience in Sea seruice His Reare-Admirall was Sir Walter Raleigh Knight Captaine of her Maiesties Guard Lord Warden of the Stanneries and Lieftenant of Cornwall For the Land seruice his Leiftenant Generall was Sir Charles Blunt Lord Mountioy Knight of the Garter Gouernour of Portsmouth and a man in high fauour with her late Maiestie His Marshall of the Field was Sir Frauncis Vere Knight a great Souldier and Coronell Generall of the English Forces in the Low-Countries The Master of the Ordnance Sir George Carew Knight Leiftenant of the Ordnance of the Kingdome of England His Sergeant Maior Sir Ferdinando Gorges Knight Gouernour of the Forts of Plimouth The Coronell Generall of the Foot Sir Christopher Blunt Knight The Treasurer of the Armie Sir Hugh Biston Knight one of her Maiesties Receiuers Generall in the Principalities of Walles with all other Officers designed to places requisite that were needful by Land or Sea now too long to rehearse And yet of all the Noblemen I will as neere as I can record their names particularly but craue pardon if I faile in the precedencie of their places The Earles of Essex Rutland and Southampton the Lord Howard the Lord Audley the Lord Gray the Lord Mountioy the Lord Rich and the Lord Cromwell But the particular names of all the Land Captains that had charge I could neuer come to the knowledge of much lesse can I marshall them orderly in this discourse And therefore I will passe to the number of the Ships in generall and therein name some particulars of the chiefe and principall Vessells of the Royall Nauie with their Captaines The whole Nauie which was diuided into three Squadrons viz. The Admirall his Squadron The Vice-Admirall his Squadron and the Reare-Admirall his Squadron consisted of 120. sayle or thereabout whereof sixtie were good men of Warre and gallant Ships the rest Victuallers and Ships of Transportation Of her Maiesties owne Ships the number was eighteene or nineteene and these were their names The Merhoneur Admirall whereof Sir Robert Mansfield was Captaine The Due Repulse Vice-Admirall whereof Master Middleton was Captaine The Wast Spite Reare-Admirall whereof my selfe was Captaine The Garland the Earle of Southampton commanded The Defiance wherein the Lord Mountioy was shipped had for Captaine Sir Amias Preston The Saint Mathew to Sir George Carew Master of the Ordnance The Mary Rose to Sir Francis Vere Marshall whose Captaine was M. Iohn Winter The Dread-nought Sir William Brooke was Captaine of The Nonparellia Sir Richard Luson was Captaine of The Bonouenture Sir William Haruey was Captaine of The Antelope Sir Thomas Vauisâ—r was Captain of The Rainbow Sir William Mounson was Captaine of The Swiftsure Sir Gilly Mericke was Captain of The Golden Lion was sent after for a supply The Hope whereof was Captain The Foresight whereof Sir Carew Reignall was Captaine The Saint Andrew whereof Master Marcellus Throckmorton was Captain The Tramontana whereof young Master Fenner was Captain The Moone whereof Sir Edward Michelboorne was Captaine Besides that there were some other of her Maiesties small Pinnaces that attended the Fleet. The residue or the Fleet aforenamed consisted of the best shipping of London and other Port-Townes of the Kingdome with sundry stout Vestells belonging to some Lords and Gentlemen that were Aduenturers in this Voyage There were also added to this Nauie tenne sayle of good men of Warre sent from the States of the Low-Countries to attend her Maiesties Fleet in this seruice vnder the conduct of one Mounsier de Duneincorde well manned and furnished The Land Army besides Saylers that might be afforded and spared vpon occasion of landing consisted of six thousand able men well appointed with ten Peeces of Artillery for the Field and Battery with all necessary Vtensils fit for them The proportion of victuals was for four months at large allowance double apparell both for Souldier's and Mariners In this Armie there went Knights Captaines and Gentlemen voluntaries fiue hundred at the least as gallant parsonages and as brauely furnished as euer the
the manuer and fashion of great Estates and Commaunders in the â—ars to giue out and pretend many things that indeed they intend not as well to make their names the more famous and terrible as also many times to amaze the world with false Alarums thereby either to hold their true purposes the more secret or at least to giue them the better speed and passage by diuerting the Enemyes A custome neither new nor vsuall and therefore not repeated as any extraordinary obseruation Iâ— this sort all things being ordered and repaired and our Generall returned with full Commission and resolution to proceed his Lordship in stead of the Merehoneur which was so weakened and disabled as that shee could not goe forth againe this iourney shipped himselfe in the Dewrepulse which was Vice-Admirall and our Vice-Admirall tooke vnto himselfe the Lyon in liew of the other And on Wednesday being the seuenteenth of August 1597. a little before sunne setting wee wayed our Ancors and set sayle but with much labour got out of Plimouth Road being forced to vse our Two-boates to set vs cleere of the Harbour the winde being somewhat slacke and scant Notwithstanding afterwards a sea-boord wee finding the weather more faâ—ourable held our course for the North cape and the three and twentieth of August wee fell athwart the Bay of Alchasher and at last bare full in with it The which course the Master of our Ship called Broadebant much disliked thinking it very inconuenient and perillous for so great a Fleet so wilfully to be imbayed vpon an Enemies Coast but yet followed the Generalls course The foure and twentieth of the same moneth being Bartholmew day wee met a soule storme in that Bay most extreamly violent for the time but lasted not aboue fiue or sixe houres In which storme the S. Matthew whereof Sir George Carew Master of the Ordnance was Captaine two houres before day falling into an head Sea hauing her Spright-sayle out brake ouer-boord her Bolt-spright and Fore-mast close to the Partners which for the Ships safetie was cut from her side In the Fore-top foure Mariners were drowned keeping their watch there and the fall of the Masts broke two Ancors and carried the third into the Sea vpon which disaster according to the manner of the Sea some Ordnance was discharged and many Lanternes hanged vpon the shrowdes to giue notice of her distresse in the night But after day light the Garland whereof the Earle of Southampton was Captaine drew neere to her succour who beholding with griefe the miserable estate that this Ship was in and likely to bee worse for that her Mayne Mast with the Ships rowling had loosened it selfe in the Partners and in danger to breake in the step which if it had done it would presently haue sunke her The Earle though hee was not able to take all the men out of her into his owne Ship being in number about seuen hundred persons yet hee was desirous and carefull to preserue as many as hee might And to that end sent his Pinnace to Sir George Carew praying him and as many as hee would select of his Company to come vnto him which noble offer of his Lordship the Master of the Ordnance as hee had reason thanfully receiued but hauing a more tender care of the losse of his Honour then of the hazard of his life would not forsake the Ship but made election rather to run the fortune of the rest of his company then to prouide for the particular safetie of himselfe and some other Captaines and Gentleman of good qualitie whereof hee had store This answere being returned the Earle was yet vnsatisfied and being desirous to saue as many as his Ship could well receiue and especially those of the better sort sent his Pinnace to the Saint Matthew againe perswading them not wilfully to lose themselues But the Captaine perseuered in his former resolution and when some gallant men of his company would gladly haue taken the Earles offer and haue left their consorts to their fortune Sir George Carew would in no wise suffer a man to depart because it should bee no discomfort to the rest but openly protested that both hee they and the Ship would altogether runne on fortune Whereupon the Earle seeing that his staying longer with the Saint Matthew could in no sort giue her men reliefe and fearing by staying too long to be farre ingaged in the Bay of Alchasher and to loose his Admirall followed the Fleet. These braue resolutions haue beene also vsed heretofore oftentimes by such as haue commanded in the Royall Ships and sometimes by the Admiralls themselues And it is well knowne to many Sea-men liuing at this day that Edward Earle of Lincolne High Admirall of England a valiant man and worthy Gentleman in the time of Queene Elizabeth being in seruice on the Narrow Seas with her Royall Nauie chanced in a tempest to fall with his Ship athwart a sand whereby shee was in great danger to bee bulged and lost whereupon the Captaine and Master of the Ship perswaded him in that extreamitie and danger to take the benefit of his Pinnace and saue himselfe aboord the next of the Fleet. But the Earle according to his honourable mind openly vowed and protested that no danger should cause him to leaue his company in distresse that for his loue had followed him to the Seas Besides said hee I honour the Queene my Mistresse so much to bring her word that I haue saued my selfe and lost her Ship and therefore let vs do our best to saue altogether for at this banquet wee will all drinke of one cup. Whereâ—n as hee gaue himselfe great glory and reputation so it seemed that fortune fauoured his vertue and courage for in the end with diligence and labour beyond all hope the Ship came safe off These extreamities and hazards on the Sea bring to my minde an accident worthy the relating and a piece of seruice not vnprofitable for Sea-men in like cases to bee obserued and this it is In the Queenes raigne about the time that the Pope and the King of Spaine sent forces into Ireland to ayd the Earle of Desmond who then rebelled in Munster there was sent to the Seas a Fleet of her Maiesties Ships whereof Sir Iohn Parrot was Admirall in the Reuenge and Sir William Gorges my Father in the Dread-naught Vice-Admirall who when they had performed their seruice on the Coast of Ireland and other places in their returne homewards the Vice-Admirall chanced to take an English Priate whose name was Deriuall a very valiant and skilfull Mariner This Deriuall the Admirall tooke aboord his owne Ship and kept him prisoner in the Bilbowes But so it fortuned that a great storme arising in the Narrow Seas the Fleet was scattered and Sir Iohn Parrats Shippe ranne vpon a Sand where a good time shee did dangerously beate hauing strucken all his Sayles and with euery Billow was like to bee
sands 1500 Curenda a populous Indian nation in the River Parana described their apparell ornament and commodities 1350 Cutes wrought by prayers 1515 Curewapori Ilands 1279 Curiadan a place in Trinidad the inhabitants called Saluages 1247 Curiapan a place neere Orenoque 1247 A Current in the Sea vnder thirty two degrees 1174 Currents that set East or West may breed mistake in Navigators ibid. Other vncertaine currents 1400 1373 A Current setting to the Northward in forty degrees 1759 Curucucu Snakes in Brasile of 15 spans long very venemous 1304 Curupija Indians of Brasile 1299 Cusco a place in the South Sea 1416. A Citie as bigge as Rome it hath in it a thousand Spaniards 1420 Customes of fishing of wonderfull gaine to the townes of Lubecke Hamborough and Embden 1837 Customes paiá yearely to the Prince of the Indians 1869 Cutifa-chiqui a Province in Florida 1537 Caynaccaro a Province 1558 D. DAinty a Ship of Sir Richard Hawkins fortunate in voyage for her Maiestie vnfortunate for the owners 1367 Dale viz Sir Tho Dales ariuali at Virginia 1733. His relation of the passages there and how the affaires stood An. 1614. p. 1768 seq His commendation 1770 Damarius Coue a place neere Munhiggen forty leagues from Plimouth in new-New-England North-east-ward 1856 Dancing distinguishing nations in the Indies 1480 Dancing of the Virginians 1687 1573 1574 Dariene a Sound in the Indies 1180 Sir Ber. Drake his ariue at the New-found-land 1883 Captaine Darmers fishing voyage his coasting the shore till hee came to Virginia his men fall sicke his returne to the New-found-land his discouerie of many fruitfull Coasts and pleasant Rivers from Hudsons River to Cape Iames. 1830 The prosperous successe hee had in pâ—â—curing a truce betweene vs and the Savages is treacherously betrayed wounded and flyeth to Virginia for succour and there dyeth 1831 Capt. Davies voyage to the South Sea 1191. seq His losse of Cap. Candish successe ibid. seq Accused for treacherie 1193 Candishes opinion of him 1194 Daycao a riuer in Florida 1554 Dayes of publike Thanks giving instituted in New-England 1867 Dayes length in New-England 1871 Dead not lamented by some Indians 1523 Deaws very vnhealthy to Englishmen and Indians 1250 Deere worshipped by some Indians 1479. Deere of severall sorts bringing forth two three or foure at once 1831. Decre good store in New-England and the manner of taking them 1845. Deeres-flesh dried in the winde food of the Indians 1881 Dermers resolution by letter of some passages in Virginia 1778 1779 Description of the King of Spaines invincible Armada 1897 De Todos los Santos a towne in the West Indies neere the line 1189 Dâ—vill consulted withall by â—he Indians of Wyâ—poco they call him Peyar 1263. As also Watupâ— who beatâ— them sometimes blacke and blew 1274. The Brasilians cal him Curupira Taguain Pigtanguâ— Machchera Anhanga they feare him much and think their soules after death are tured into Devils 1290 The Devils illuding wounding and tormenting the Savages of Florida 1516 1517. The Devill worshipped by New-Spaniards that is in Noua Hispania their delusion by him 1558. Temples built for him and an oratory made and meat given him by them of new Mexico 1561 The Divell forbids Baptisme to the Indians 1564 The deuils policy in keeping the Indians poore 1868. His try all of those which are dedicated to him ibid. His being worshipped by the Virginians his images feare and name of Oke 1701 Dyals how admired by the Virginian Savages 1708 Dâ—amonds in Brasile 1230 In Canada 1612. in New France 1611 Difference betweene Campe and garison Souldiers 1944 Diego Flores de Valdes a Spaniard sent with a Fleet to Brasile and the successe 1440 1441 Diego de Almagro the first Spanish discouerer of Chili 1475. The next Pedro de Maldiuia 1476 Discoveries of divers Ilands and Lakes in Canada 1614. seq A Discoverie of the English full of danger Discoveries proue best when least discouered 1955 First discoveries of America the new World by English and Spanish 1812 Diseases very strange 1191 1214 1258 Disorder the fore-runner of ill successe in Candâ—shes Fleet 1202 Disorder more weakencth the English then the enemy 1966 Dispâ—â—ations touching Spanish crueltie in the Indies 1601 1602 1603 Dissequebe an Indian River 1269 Dogs worshipped 1471. Ravenous dogs 1172. Terrible to the Indians 1327 1328 Great dogs that fight with Buls and carie fifty pound on their backe in hunting 1561 Dogs that devoure men first taught by Spaniards 1582 Dogs that cannot barke 1696 Dolphin described his loue to mankinde 1375 Saint Domingo 1146. The description riches and fortification thereof 1418 Dominica 1152. The inhabitants described with their brutishnesse 1685. The inhabitants hate the Spaniards loue the English their presents tradings and commodities ibid. Want of cloathes ornaments Canons Merchandise and red painting 1158. More copious description of the soyle woods mountaines towne wo 〈…〉 modestie King familiaritie of their maids chastitie desire of cloathes 1158 1159. Their common fare state meat haire desire to learne English 1159. Distinction of maids and wiues 1159 Dominica assaulted and taken by Sir Francis Drake 1182. Inhabited by Spaniards the sand of the Rivers mixed with gold great plenty of Roots and Sugar Canes 1833 Don Alfonso Perez de Guzman Commander of the Spanish Fleet in 88. 1901 Don Antonio de Mendoza his strife with Cortez for most discoveries and sending forth divers by sea and land for that purpose 1560 Don Diego de Pâ—mentell taken prisoner in Zeland 1911 Don Iohn of Austria defeated of his intended treachery to get to himselfe Mary Queene of Scots his wife 1893 Dos Patos a River in America 1218 Don Pedro and his company taken prisoners by Sir Francis Dâ—ake 1905 Douer-cliff-sound on the North of Virginia 1648 A Doue lighted on the Mastes of English Ships 1967 Dragnanes a certaine kind of Indians in Florida 1510 Drake viz. Sir Francis Drakes first discovery of the Southermost land 1391. His treacherous vsage by the Indians 1392. His expedition with a great Fleet 1434. His riches gotten by his voyages 1439 Sir Fraâ— Drakes original parentage education progresse first voyage surprising of the towne of Nombre de Dios 1179. His burning 200000 Duckets in Merchandize and protestation for the South sea 1180. His circumnauigation the opinion of his riches ibid. Which were sequestred to the Queen his voyage to Domingo company and ships ariues at Saint Iago and takes it 1181. His comming to Dominica and Saint Christopher 1181. Takes Saint Domingo 1182. And Cartagena ib. Fireth two Spanish fortresses ibid. His returne benefit losse of men ibid. His voyage at Calz his Fleet and Prizes ibid. Takes a Carrack 1183. His going for the Azores ibid. His last voyage His fellow Commissioner his taking Rio de la Hacha Rancheria Tapia S. Martha and Nombre de Dios his death successor and Fleets arivall at Plimouth 1183. His disagreeing with Sir Iohn Hawkins 1184. His comparison with him 1185. 1186. His buriall 1245. His clemency to
conquered foe 1905 Iohn Drake liued 15 moneths with the savages 1186. His mishaps 1440 1441. His fame gotten by his iourney to the West Indies and about the World 1916 Drano a River neere Orenoco It s vnhealthy passage 1250 Dreames sceming ominous 1191 Drinke to some poison to other bodies beneficiall although the very same 1173. Great drinkingmatch by the Indians 1285. Drink made of roots great want of drink 1364. It s quality and varietie among the Indians 1381. Drinking esteemed by those of Peru the greatest courtesie that can be offered by King or Subiect 1473. Strange drinking 1519. Drinke made of Berries at the Bermudas 1739. Drinke made of Plummes in Virginia 1784. Scarcitie of drinke 1143 Drowth extraordinarie in new-New-England 1866 Drugs in Guiana 1276 Drunkennesse a vice of Savages 1189 1473. Drunkennesse like to ouerthrow an English Armie 1916 Ducks the curiousnesse of making their nests in the Magellane Streights 1385 Dudley viz. Sir Robert Dudley his voyage and successe to Trinidada and the coast of Paria c. 1186 Duke of Medina his kindnesse to the English 1834. His yearely tribute of the Fishers of Tunny-Mullit and Purgos 1837. His preparation for the Spanish Fleet in Anno 1588 1895 Duke of Parma his forces in 88 1902. His apparell for horses 1903. His vaine hope of the Crowne of England 1907 Duke of Medina is prohibited the Court because hee returned without the English Crowne 1910 Duke of Parma's force against England 1895 Capt. Du Pont his voyages into the New-found-lands 1643 A Dutchmans courtesie to the English 1261. Dutchmens treachery to the Englishmens inhabiting Virginia 1841 Dutchmens fals-heartednesse 1721 And abuse of Capt. Smith by ioyning to Powhatan 1723. Their treacherie frustrateth his attempt for the surprizall of Powhatans house 1725. Their plot to kill Capt. Smith and fruitlesse issue 1726. Their continued base treacherie and deserved pension one comming to a miserable and among the English the others having their braines beaten out by Savages 1729 E. EArle of Essex his worthy acts 1917. His valorous chalenge in Portugall Voyage 1924. His voyage to the Iles. of Azores 1935. His trouble travell and arivall Hee taketh three Spanish Ships 1937 Earth medicinable earth like guâ—me in Virginia 1765. Earth red like terra sigillata 1765 Earth-quakes 1476 Earth-quakes frequent in Tercera 1670. A terrible Earth-quake in S Michaels I le and the dreadfull effects thereof 1678 1679 Ease and efferainate life enemies to great practices 1436 East-India warres disburden the Spaniard of West India gold and silver 1815 Ecatepeck supposed the highest mountaine in the world from the top whereof are discerned the north and South seas 1177 Eclipses what conceited to be by some Americans 1462 Echro an Iland neere Port-Ricco 1267 Eggs very hard and sounding like Bels 1306 Ekinnick a kinde of worme that poysoneth the water 1286 Elephants how taken by the Aethiopians 1234 El estado de Arauco the description thereof the fiercenesse of the inhabitants and their opinion of the Spaniards 1442 El Caâ—â—o the Port of Lima 1446 Capt. Ellis his relation of Sir Richard Hawkins his voyage 1416 Q. Elizabeths providence in repairing her Army Royall 1903 Q. Elizabeth denounced excommunicate by Pope 〈◊〉 her subiects are discharged from loyalty and allegeance 1892. Her enemies abroad are disappointed traitors at home taken in their owne pâ—t â—bid Her triumph after the deliverance in 88. 1912 Q. Elizabeths Encomium 1823 Q. Elizabeths martial affairs 1181 Elizabeth-Bay 1386 Elizabeths Ile in Virginia 1648 Its description being thought fit and commodious for plantation 1649. At large 1651. vide Ile of Elizabeth Elizabeth her manifold dangers and gracious deliverances 1890 Elizabeth Iles inhabitants described their ornaments nature proportion wittinesse courtesie yet theeverie 1651. The description of the climate ibid. Embalming by the Indians how well performed 1459 Embassage from the English to the Massasoyt chiefe Commander of the Savages in Pacanokick 1851 Embroderie exercised among the Savages 1560 Emeralds of inestimable worth 1420 1446. An Emerald as big as an Estriches Egge and therefore was adored by the Indians 1481. Emerald store 1560 Emeria the easter most part of Dorado 1247 Enemies to bee kept in awe as the Spaniards by the Earle of Cumberland at Port-Ricco who though he meant not to spoile their towne yet told them not so much 1186 Enemies taken among the Savages are commonly killed and eaten 1217 1218 Engines in warre by the Indians performed 1361 Englishmens discoveries of America 1813 An English Pilots treacherie and adherence to the Spaniards 1773 Englands gaine by Salt-fish Poore-Iohn Salmonds and Pilchards 1837 Englishmen rather desirous to bee renowned for mercy and clemencie then for dreadfull conquest 1959 English miracles by Captain Smith in Virginia such as the Spaniard vsed in the Indies 1727 English-Bay in the Magellane streights the description of the inhabitants 1388 English Captiues delivered by the Duke of Medina 1934 English Nauy returneth from Azores Iles 1968 English forces mustered 1903 English gallants reprehended for their vnprouidence in going to warre 1942 English inhabiting the River Wiapoco 1270 Englishmen chusing rather to trust God and the Sea then the deuill and the Spaniards 1186 Englishmen striking terrour in the Charibes 1273. Take possession of the Mountaine Gomerigo 1278 English mens nature 1440 Englishmen slaine in Virginia by the treacherie of the Indians and the cause why 1841 Englishmens encounters in New-England 1841 Englishmen cheat the Indian of their victuals and turne savage 1865 Englishmens throats cut by the Portingals 1959 English fugitiues appointed to giue the first onset against their owne Nation 1908 Englishmen sinke the Spanish ships or take them 1673 1674 English Fleet set forth and successe 1676 English returne from the pursuit of the Spaniards 1910 English ships by their nimblenesse farre exceeding the Spanish Galliasses 1905 English victory ioyned with courtesie 1677 English famine and mortalitie in Virginia 1690 English souldiers dye with drinking of water 1927 E 〈…〉 sh desire a battell with the Portingals 1924 English forbidden to furnish the Spaniard with munition 1927 Enmity imparted by sending a rattle Snakes-skinne full of arroweâ— 1854 Entertainment how strange among the Savages of Pores 1208 1292. Among Brasilians Enuy espyeth more inpretended then in professed enemies 1959 Eparigotos enemies to the Epuremi in India 1248 Epeoya a great Iland in Brasile 1241. Called by the Indians Sapeawera ibid. Epuremi Indians neere the River Orenoco 1248 Equibone a towne at the foot of Marwin in America inhabited by the Arwaccas and Parawagotos Savages 1283 Eregooda a place neere Orenoco 1248 Escudo an Iland 1185 Estanca that is a farme place where slaues keepe cattle and make Cassani bread among the Indians 1146 Estechemins Savages in Canada enemies to the Irocois 1607 Estriches tame 1230 Eteowbo a mountaine in America 1214 Etepararange a mountaine abounding with gold 1229 Etaoca a place in America 1219 Etapuca a great mountaine in America 1214 Etamatiqua a Cape in Brasile its fitnesse for Navigation 1238.
from Iames Towne in Virginia to the I le of Hogs 1724 Scuruie reigning in New France 1642. and vnder the Aequinoctiall 1202. its cause effects signes and remedie 1373 1374. great raigning of it among Mariners 1374. the things that are discommodious or beneficiall to the patient 1623 1763 Scuruy-grasse 1191. its medicinable operations 1624 Sea blacke in colour beyond the line 1157. a Sea-monster like a man of complexion like a tawny Indian 1187. another strange Sea-monster 1207 Sea-water warme the ayre being cold 1627. Sea made fresh by a violent intermixture of riuers in Florida 1555. Sea-scum like pitch and vsed like pitch called Coper in Florida 1556. Sea discommodious for meats in sickness 1624. Sea danger 1223 Sea-fire a meteor seene commonly in temposts the diuers opinions and names thereof 1737 The Sea worshipped by some Indians 1471 Sea-faring mens errors 1368 Sea-fights 1183 1186 1402 seq the requisitenesse of armour in Sea-fights 1408. a Sea-fight betweene the Spanish and English at vnequall hand the successe largely related 1780 1781 1784 Sea-hawking 1376 Sea-voyages require a Princes purse 1942 Sea-stratagem of the English hauing good effect 1908 Sea-snakes 1315 Seale-land 1440 Seales great store 1187. their nature and description 1386 Seasons falling vnequally vnder the same parallel 1637 Sea-men their seuerall offices 1403 Seminaries erected at Rome and Rhemes 1893 Security is dangerous 1635 St. Sebastian Iland 1200 Seed-time in New England 1866 Segouni abeast in Brasile 1243 Selinama riuer 1284. directions to trauell there 1286 Seralta an ancient Commander in Port Râ—cco 1166 Serpents called Iebua 1226. a serpent called Cobrus in Brasile as big as a man twenty foot long his strange feeding rotting and reviving 1243. A Serpent called Cururijuba thirty foot long its description 1317 1318. Serpents that are armed with plates not pierceable by an arrow ibid. Serpents called Guararici which being heard sing by the indians causeth them to dye so strong is their imagination 1318. a huge Serpent 1350. two great Serpents 1603 Shadden a towne of the Arwaccas in the West Indies 1285 Shambles of mans flesh among the Spaniards in the Indies 1280 Sharke a fish so called described 1376 Sheathing of Ships requisite 1387 Shawakotoc a riuer in Mawooshen 1875 Sheepe why s 〈…〉 in Port-Ricco 1172. Sheep vsed for cariages as horses in the Indies called Amidas 1362. Sheepe as big as horses with huge hornes and small tayles neere Mexico 1560 one horne waigheth 50 pound 1561 Shels of Pearle curiously wrought by nature 1381 Sherleys voyage 1168 Showers of gold 1395 Shooting at Sea how aduisedly to be vndertaken 1369 Sicknesse its cause and remedy 1251. Sicknesses vnknowne in New France 1623 Sicknesse in Guiana 1261. Sicknesse preuented by good dyet 1624. sicknesse destroying the whole Country in Pataxâ—t in New England 1849 Sickene Mountaine 1286 Sierra Leona a country so called 1141 Shipwracks 1355 1356 1440 1560 1673 1674 1676 1677 Ships how most conueniently built for warres or Merchandise 1405 1406. ships vnprofitably built of Cedar in the Bermudas 1747. ships taken by Sr. Francis Drake at the Cascois in the Portingall voyage 1923. ships of great worth taken by the English at the fight before Cadiz 1930. in ships whether race-building be commodious for men of warre 1409 Silk-wormes in Florida 1603. in the Bermudas 1739 Silk-grasse in Virginia 1758 Silley an I le on the west of England 1247 Siluer in Florida presented to the French by the Inhabitants 1603 Smiarra a towne neere the Fort of Marwin inhabited by the Arwacca Sauages 1283 Sir Samuel Argal by vertue of commission with much valour and discretion dispossessed the French of their vsurped possession in the New found Land 1828. his departure from the coasts of Virginia 1830. His inuention of trade with the Uirginia Sauages 1763 Skin as ruffe as Buffe on men 1280 Skuls of dead men layd in the windowes of houses among some Indians perchance to put them in mind of mortality 1560 Slate good store in Canada affording Diamonds 1610 1611 Sleeping-hearbe 1312 Smiths Iles before Uirginia 1691 Capt. Smith of Plimouth his disasterous voyage with sudden returne by the vnmercifulnesse of a raging tempest his second aduentures to the Westerne Ilands hee is chased by the French Pyrates is taken prisoner and the voyage ouerthrowne 1829. Captaine Smiths suspition by the Councell of Virginia his behauiour and clearing there from 1706. his care for the Plantation and furtherance thereof his discouerie of the riuer 1707. he fights and kils sauages is taken by them brought to the Emperour threatned death and saued by the Kings daughter returneth to the Plantation 1708 1709. his second arriuall at Powhatans court 1710. his better desire then power to benefit the plantation 1711. his striking terror in the Sauages ibid. his departure for a discouerie 1712 Iohn Smith his voyage to New-England finished in the space of 6 moneths with gaine of fifteene hundred pounds 1838 Snakes-hearb excellent good against the poyson of Snakes 1311 Snakes eaten 1210. snakes verie venemous 1212. A dangerous snake kild 1215. its quality ib. name Sorocueu 1230 its description 1231. Snakes without poyson 1303. their plenty and diuersitie in Brasile 1303 1304. with their names ibid. 1317 1318 Snakes of thirty foot long called Amara worshipped 1457 1478. Snakes worshipped in Topira 1560. Snakes worne about the neckes of the Virginians 1698 Snowes exceeding great in Florida 1551. Snowes made vse of in stead of drinke 1561. Snowes as good as a furd-gowne for fruits 1636 Soacatino a towne in Florida very poore and destitute of prouision 1554 Socke riuer 11â—6 Sodomites burnt by the Indians 1558 Somme-riuer in Florida discouered by the French 1603 Sommerset-Iland in the Bermudas 1796 Sir George Sommers ariuall at the Bermudas and death 1733. his care for the suruay of those Ilands 1738. his departure from Uirginia to the Bermudas 1754 Sommer Ilands commodities at large 1794 1795. Vide Bermudas Somma a place in America 1222 Soto a Spaniard his parentage time of his flourishing nature and dignity 1528 1529. his voyage to Florida at large related and discouery 1530 the company of his ships and number of his S 〈…〉 iers his ariuall at Florida and at the towne Vâ—â—â— and meeting with Indianized Christians there 1530 1531. his comming to Paracossi Acela Tocaste Cale townes in Florida his newes of Gold and Maiz 1532. his approach at other seuerall townes in America-Florida and seuerity to the Indians 1533 1534. his many bickerings with the Indians his resolution for the Prouince of Ochus 1535. hee pretends himselfe to be the sonne of the Sunne 1536. his ingratitude to an Indian Princess that had vsed him his company kindly 1538 1539. burieth a letter neere a Pine-tree to giue direction to his lost followers 1537. carieth the Caciques with them till hee was out of their countries 1541. the course of his trauels 1542. his skirmish and losse by the Indians 1543. his other Indian occurrents 1546 1547 1548 1549 et seq his
and benignity 1717. Virginians in want and pouerty 1725. a Virginian Sauages his Oration to Captaine Smith 1727. a Virginian smothered at Iames towne and recouered lunaticke and restored 1726 1727. Virgina Sauages offer to fight vnder English banners 1729. Virginian Sauages brought perforce to peace with the English 1769 1770. Virginia Sauages religion and disposition 1771. their countries described seasons climate beasts birds fishes and other rarities 1771 1772 1773. Virginian account of yeares 1774. Virginians kill some English ibid. their trecherous and bloody nature 1788 1789. Virginians worship the Deuill but loue him not 1790. their fearing the shadow of a Piece or Musket with their sowing gunpowder ibid. Virginians possesse some Pieces with munition after the massacre destroyed cattell ibid. Virginian plantations Presidency assumed by the Lord De la Ware its first successe 1754. 1755 1756. in what case it was left by the said Lord and the cause why he left it 1763. its commodities ibid. 1764. Virginias plantations benefit of corne by Captaine Argall 1765. its rarities ibid. Virginian affaires variety by the approach of diuers Captaines there 1766 1767 1768. its commodities vnworthy English inhabitants ibid. chiefe places the Bermuda City and Henrico ibid. its Forts 1768. Virginias eleuation aboue many countries 1770. Virginian affaires Anno 1617 1618 page 1774. Anno 1619 page 1775. the profits that may bee deriued thence ibid. Anno 1619 et 1620 page 1775 1775. the supplies from England in that time ibid. with Ships men and their employments there on what commodities for trading 1776 1777. Virginian benefactors 1777. Virginian affaires in the yeare 1621 page 1783. with the supply of men goods and Ships then sent with other accidents ibid. 〈◊〉 1784. and supplies with relation of matters of trading there 1784. Virginia's praises farther related 1717 w th the hopes to paxss thense to China 1786. Virginia's state before the massacre 1788. The massacre it selfe the plot and execution 1788 1789 1790. 1347. The Englishmen basely murdered in it ibid. A Virginian conuerted discovers the plots 1790. Virginiaes plantations necessaries without which it may not so wel be effected 1791 Virginiaes massacre supposed caâ—se seconded by a sicknesse 1792. It s authors end ibid. The supply thereof by King Iames 1793. Virginia commended and discommended according to mens diuers humours discovered in Letters 1806 1807. Virginia planted by French men 1807. They afterwards displanted by Sir Samuel Argall 1808. Virginia's possession and plantation by the English soundly and largely proved to be lawfull by a naturall and nationall right 1809 1810 1811. Virginia's first discouerie and discouerers 1812. Virginia rightly possessed by the English by acknowledgement of the Prince there 1813. By buying selling cession forfeiture ib. Virginiaes plantation advanceth Gods glory 1817 1818. Virginia's want of good exeused 1814 1815. Virginia-plantations losse by the massacre 1816. The number there since ibid. Virginia's plantation to the prosecuted and for what reasons 1826. seq As first Religion honour of the Nation c. 1816 Virginia deserues plantation for the profit 1817. For disburdening multitudes 1818. For a temperate climate ibid. For largenesse ibid. Commodious Rivers whose sliding embracements of the earth are fiuently described ibid. Siâ—kes Wines Mines drugs c. ibid. Materials for shipping 1820. Fishâ—ng 1821. Tobacco trading ibid. Hopes of passage to the South Sea 1822. For other reasons advantages 1824. For being a refreshment to ships tired with long voyages ibid. 1825 Virguano a towne inhabited by Savages in America neere Marwin 1285 A Vision 14â—8 Visitation of the sicke among the Indians the horrible hideous noise vsed by those miserable comforters 1860 Vitachaco a town in Florida 1534 Vlissingers take one of the Portingal Gallions 1909 Vllibaholi a walled towne of the Indians in Florida and the fashion of those walls 1541 Vndermining of townes 1919 Vnicornes horne saveth many from poison 1213 Vno a River 1223 Vomiting to death 1214. Vomiting procured by what Plants in Bermuda Ilands 1801 Vna a mountaine in the West-Indies 1285 A Vnicorne with a strange horne 1560. With haire as bigge as a finger ibid. Vnthankfulnesse in Spaniards towards their Indian Benefactors 1526 Voyages are commonly ouerthrowne by the Captaines giving way or too much yeelding lenity 1389. Voyages by the Lord of Cumberland 1141. 1142 seq Voyages by Sir Sebastian Cabot Sir Thomas Pert 1177. By Sir Iohn Hawkins Sir Fran. Drake ibid. seq Voyages by Capt. Michelson Capt. Newport Earle of Suffolke Sir Robert Dudley ibid. Voyages by Captaine Preston Capt. Summers Sir Anthony Sherley Capt. Parker Sir Walter Raleigh Mr Will. Hawkins ibid. Capt. Parker 1243 1244 seq Mâ—ddleton 1246 1247. Voyages by Reniger Borey Pudsey Steuen Hare Fenton Ward and Iohn Drake 1186. Voyages by Captaine Candish and Capt. Dauies 1191 1192 c. By Sir Richard Hawkins 1367. c. By Pamphilo Naruaez Spaniard 1500 1501 seq By Francisco Pizarro 1489 seq Voyages by Nunno de Guzman Spaniard 1556. seq Soto his Voyages and discoveries of Florida 1530. at large in seq Voyages by the the French and discoueries of Florida and Canada 1603. seq Voyages by Monseur de Montz 1620. seq Voyages from England the ships being furnished with two hundred pounds in Cash 1838. From Plimmouth to Bilboa with dry fish 1839. A voyage of seven sayle from the West-country 1839. Voyages to Virginia furnished by Sir Walter Raleigh 16â—5 1646. Voyage of Captaine Gosnol to Virginia Anno 1602. pag. 1647. seq Voyage by Mr Pringe to Virginia 1654. seq By Captaine Gilbert to the same 1656. seq By Capt. Weymouth to Virginia 1659. seq Avoyage to the Iâ—e of Azores by the Right Honorable Rob. Earle of Essex 1935. Voyages by Sir Thomas Gates 1734 seq By Captaine Argall 1758. Voyages to Sommer-Iland by the English 1793. seq An admirable voyage from the Bermudas to Ireland in a small boat 1803 Vparason a River nauigable in Brasile 1â—40 Vpanason a River in the Indâ—â—s very commodious for watering 1223 Vpsegon a towne in Mawooshen vnder the Lord Bashabes 1874 Vrarino towne a towne of Aâ—waccas and â—aâ—awogoto Savages in America 1283 Vraâ—itan an Iland in Brasile called by the Portingals Alqua 〈…〉 1241. It s description for Navigators ibid. Vrapo and Arieppo two Indian woods 1251 Vrine drunke for want of water 1188 Vrokere Indians so called 1286 Vrquam River 1364 Vtinama a Floridan towne 1533 A Vulcan a most dreadfull thing casting forth fire stones as great as a house causing vnwholsomnesse of thence-issuing waters 15â—9 Vupanqui his raigne ouer the inhabitants of Peru his acts and conquests his making a bridge of Oziers beautifying the Sunnes temple extent of his dominions transplantation of countries 1463 1464 Vzela a towne in Florida in America 1534 W. VVAbocâ—â—yaway an Arwacca towne in America 1286 Wacarimock mountaines neere the riuer O. enoco 1248 Walnuts thirty Ilands of thâ—m 1612 Wancoobanoua a valley abounding with gold-grains wasâ—ed from the
last but a yeere Corne buried G 〈…〉 O 〈…〉 Called by their names Brimstone Hot Springs Gualua Spring 〈…〉 ing wood into stone Cedars common Sanguinbo wood White and yellow woods Teixo a kind of wood as hard as iron Inhabitants Souldiers Strangers The ayre a disease Strong windes S. Michael Saint Mary Gratiosa Earle of Cumberland Sâ—â— sup l. 6. c. 1. Saint George Fayael Fayael taken taken by Earle Cumberland Pico High Hill Pleasant Oranges C. 98. Flores Coruo C. 99. 40. Millions if the number be true Fiue Millions 〈◊〉 Sir M. Frobisher 1589. Note 1590. 280. men die in one ship in one Voyage by one mans vanitie 1591. Earthquake most terrible Prodigies Sir Richard Greenuile See Haâ— Tom. 2. This Storie penned by Sir Walter Raleigh There were but six of these Shippes the Queenes and Sir Richard Greenuile staid to recouer his men on shore 93. of his men were sicke He scorned to flye as the Master counseiled which had beene better and thought to made way thorow their squadrons and made some spring loose till the greatnesse of the S. Philip of 1500 tuns being in the winde of him becalmed his sailes so that the Reuenge could not feele her sailes nor helme and was boorded by the S. Philip and foure others These were beaten off and fifteen seuerall Armadas assailed her All her Powder was spent to the last barrell nor had first aboue 100. sound men to sustaine to the brunt Yet she endured fifteene houres fight fifteene Armadas by turne 800. shot many entries 53. sailes of men of warre and 10000. men to doe this After all this Sir R. Greenfield now wounded commanded to 〈◊〉 vp the Ship but the Captaine intreating to the contrary the Master was sent vnknowne to Sir R Greenfield to treat a composition with â—â—zan the Generall who yeelded their liues to be saued and to be sent for England the better soâ—t to pay ransome but free meane time fromprison and Gallie Almost 1000. of the enemies were slaine in this sight Thus haue I giuen you the briefe of Sir Walters report also to make this storie compleate Great storme Great hurts Reuenge reuenged with the losse of aboue 100. other ships of the Spaniards attending her fates as great a blow as 88. Note Caiaphas prophesieth God taketh part wiâ—h Lutherans So then the gates of hell preuaileth against their faith Two Ships of treasure taken by the English and 20. others of the Indian Fleete 1592 The first Colony to bee planted betwixt 34. 41. degrees of North latitude They to haue all the Lands c. for the space of fiftie miles West South-west from the place of their first plantings and all Mynes c The like East North-east with all Ilands for 100. miles in the Sea ouer against them 100. 〈…〉 hin the Land c. None to inhabit on the backside without their speciall licence in writing c. The next day Cap. Smith was suspected for a suppoâ—ed Mutinie though neuer no such matter Trade at Dominica Brutishnâ—sse of the Dominicans Fight betwixt a Whale the Thresher and Sword-fish Margalanta Guadalupa Bath very hot Meuis Bath at Meuis Commodities there Aprill Tortoises Meuis water vnwholsome Ed. Brookes faint with thirst Moneta Store of fowles We were driuen to try that night and by the storme were forced neere the shoare not knowing where we were They land in Virginia Strawberries Point Comfort Kecoughtan Tobacco Singing and Dancing A long oration A Flute made of a Reed Archers Hope Their Plantation at Iames Towne Land giuen These Sauages are naturally great â—hetues Their arrowes Yellow haired Virginian Riuer of Pohatan * Low Marshes Wee came downe the Riuer Bread how made Distinct habit of Maids and Wiues Sauage 160. yeeres old Bearded Cap. Newports departure The Sauages vse to sacrifice to the Sunne Death of Cap. Bart. Gosnold Miserable famine Gods goodnesse He was a made man * The rest is omitted being more fully set downe in Gap Smiths Relations * By later Patents this is extended further to the â—0 degrees c. The Latitude The temperature The winde The entrances Cape Henrâ— Cape Câ—arâ—es Cap. Smiâ—h The Country The Bay The Mountaines The soâ—â—e The Vallies Plaines The Riuer Powhatan Fals The branches Iames Towne The seuerall Inhabitants Free State R. Pamaunke The Inhabitants K. Pohatan Payankatank R. Toppahanock R. The Inhabitants Patawomeke R. Pawtuxunt R Bolus R. The head of the Bay Sasquesahanock Giantly people The description of a Sasquesahanough See the Map Long Spoone to eate with the Deuill Tockwhogh R. Rapahanock R. Kusk 〈…〉 awaock R. 〈…〉 ghcocomoco R. Accomack R. Chawonock The seuerall Languages Why there is little grasse Woods with their fruits Elme Walnuts Supposed Cypresse Mulberies Chesnuts Plummes Cheries Crabs Vines Chechinquamins Rawcomenes How they vse their fruits Walnut milke Gums Cedars Saxafras trees Berrics Mattoume Strawberries and other berries Herbes Wighsacan a medicinable root Pocones a small root Musquaspenne a root Parietarie Sassafras Onions See insâ— c. 14. of certaine Oxen found by Cap. Aryoll Their chiefe beasts are Decre Aroughcun Squirrels Assapanick a Squirrel flying Opassom Mussascus Be res The Beauer Otters Vetcunquoyes Foxes Doâ—s Martins Polcats Weesels and Mâ—â—kes Note Birds Fish hawkes â—â—sh Strange forme The Rocks How they diuide the yeere How they prepare the ground How they plant How they vse their Corne. How they vse their fish and flesh Planted fruits The commodities in Virginia or that may bee had by industry A proofe cattell will liue well The Commodities The numbers 700. men were the most seene together when they thought to haue surprised Captaine Smith A description of the people The Barbara The constituâ—on The disposition The possessions Their attire Fether Mantels Their ornaments Their buildings Their lodgings Their gardens How they vse their children The industry of their women How they strike fire Their order of diet How they make their Bowes and Arâ—owes Their Knife Their Targets and â—words Their Boats How they spirt Their Fishoo 〈…〉 Hunting labours How they hunt Hunting houses One Sauage hunting alone Their consultations Their enem 〈◊〉 Massawomekes Their offer of subiection Their manner of battell Their Musicke Their entertainment Their trade Their phisicke Their chirurgery Their charmes to cure Their God How they bury their Kings Their ordinary burials Their Temples Their ornaments for their Priests Their times of solem 〈…〉 Their Coniurations Their Altars C. Smith Sacrifices to the water Their solemne making of black-berries C. Smith Their resurrection A description of Powhatan His attendance watch His treasurie His Wiues His Successors The title of succession Their authoritie The tonor of their lands His manner of punishments Vanitie of Effeminate Planters Vanitie of self-seeking gloriosos Miserie of base idlenesse * I haue many written Treatises lying by me written by Capt. Smith and others some there some here af ter there returne but because these haue alreadie seene the light and containe a full relation of Virginian affaires I was
of Iuly Guisians fearâ—d Taâ—â— conqâ—â—st The 27 of Iuly The Spaniards ancre before Caleis Prince of Ascoli his good fortune The 28. of Iuly The 29. of Iuly The 30. of Iuly States Fleete Enâ—lish Hispaniolâ—zed traitors The Spaniards vaine opinion concerning their own fleet Sea-stratagem The 28. of Iuly The Galliasse of Hugo de Mon cada cast vpon the shoalds before Caleis M. Amias Preston 〈…〉 antly boordeth the Galliasse Moncada slain 50000. duckets The great fight before Greueling the 29. of Iuly Englishs ships aduantage Gods prouident mercies to the English Three Spanish ships sunke in the fight Two Galeons taken and carried into Zeland A small ship cast awaâ— abâ—ut Blankenberg The dishonorable flâ—gh of the Spanish nauy the prudent â—duiâ—e of the L. Admiral Our want of Powder Bullets pâ—â—clâ—ime th 〈…〉 u 〈…〉 of Gods present power merciful both deliuerance and victory Thâ— Enâ—lish return home 〈◊〉 the pursuit of the Spaniards the 4. of Aug. The Spaniards consult to saile round about Scotland Ireland and so to returne home Horses cast ouer-boord The ship wrack of the Spaniards vpon the Irish coast Of 134. ships of the Spanish fleet there returned home but 53. D. of Medina Ricaldes death Spaniards pittied Spaines general losse New coines stamped for the memory of the Spaniards ouerthrow The people of England and of the vnited prouinces pray fast and giue thankes vnto God The Kings wise speech Epinitian or triumph all verses Ad serenissimam Elizabetham Anglia Reginam Theodor. Beza * Like lips like lettuce A blind Balladmaker fit Homer for Achillian conquests By a Letter of Diego Peres chiefe Post-master of Logrono dated the second of September 1588. Copie of a letter that Iohn Gamarra wrote from Rean the 31. of August of the same yeere Copie of a Letter that Pèdro de Aluâ— did write from Roan the first of September of the same yeere Aduise from London which the Embassador of our Souereigne Lord the King resident in Parris had from thence By a Letter of the chiefe Post master of Burdeux written to the French Embassadour the 2. of Sept. 1588. Relation of that which haâ—h passed till this day the fifth of Sept. 1588. till three of the clock in the aâ—ternoon knowne by the relations and aduice come to his Maiestie from the happy Fleet wherof is Generall the Duke of Medina in the conquest of England A briefe rehearsall of the English exploits in this voyage Generall Noâ—râ—â— and Generall Drake Genâ—rall Norris his Martiall eduâ—ation and employments Earle of Essex his worthy Acts. Our men land within a mile of the Gâ—â—ine the 20. of April Intemperate drinking cause of sicknesse Nâ—â— voyage to England intended Gallion burnt Dangerous fire Vndermining Prouisions brought in Tower falleth Conde de Andrada his Armie The notable ouerthrow giuen to the Spaniards at Puente de Burgos Earle of Essex comes to them They land at Peniche Peniche taken They march towards Li 〈…〉 Good discipline Want of 〈◊〉 Some died with drinking water Earle of Essex his attempt They come to the suburbs of Lisbon Houses burnt by the Portugallâ— Colonell Bret flâ—ine Their retrait and chase by E. Essex Gen. Drakes comming Cascaiâ— forsaken Ships taken Consultation Don Antonies promises frustrate They mâ—â—h frpm Lisban The riches that they might haue gotten at Lisbon Desire of the English to fight Feare of the enemies Castle of Cascais yeelded Sixtie Hulkes brought Cardinall Albert after married to the Infanta and Ruler of the Spanish Port of the Low Countries Morocco Embassadour Bayon Vigo taken Borsis burned Vigâ— burned Their returne to Plimmouth * M. Hackluit had published the large report of this Voyage written byone emploied therin out of which I haue taken that which serued our purpose * Q. Mary said before her death that if they opened her they should finde Callis in her heart French and Flemming takeÌ„ and dismissed Hamburgers taken Letters taken Irishmans intelligence They arriue at Cadiz Some which professe martiall knowledg blame the not landing thâ— first day and sâ—y the weather serued but the scruple oâ— sunday and other pretences lost a million of wealth Doues lighting The Spanish Fleete The fight betwixt the two Fleetes Spanish losse Two Apostles forced to preach English Flemmish mischance The English land Bad way The English enter the town * I haue bin told by some of great worth then in this action that they heard the Lord Admirall affirme that he was 68. yeers old or between that and 70. who yet liueth 1624. crowned with siluer haires and golden raies of glorious acts The Castle deliuered Spaniards E 〈…〉 their ships Cadiz described My Sexton T. Rowly yet liuing hath often told me that he had the rifling of a Iewellers or Goldsmiths house and in his returne gaue and sold for toâ—es many Stones which by his description seemed Rubies of great bignes whereof he had his hatfull which proued not worth an angel to his ignorant simplicity neuer ordained to be rich Sir Iohn Winkfield buried Iune 21. 22. 27. Cadiz 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of the L Admirall his letters Faraon burnt Crossed with windes and stormes Danger of the Admirallship They put in to Plimmouth Sicknesse Order to discharge land forces Their 〈◊〉 â—oâ—th the second 〈◊〉 Leake remedies Cape Finisterre Enterprise of Feroll uerthrowne The Rocke South Cape Tercera Victuals sent after them False aduise of a smal Pinnace comming from the Indies Note Mistaking The Indian Fleet rec 〈…〉 uer the Rode of Tercera Three Spanish Ships taken Want of prouisions Punta delgada in S. Michael Punta de la Galera They land nee Villa Franca October the fifteenth Their returne A Carack ran her selfe on the Rocks A Ship of Brasil taken * Charles * Of these Ilands see before Linschotens obseruations to which I haue added this Authors description as containing somwhat therin omitted This booke was written A. 1607. and dedicated to that great hope of Great Britaine Prince Henry the Epistle to him and the Preface I haue omitted in regard of our long volume I haue not added a word of mine but the Title and Marginall Notes nor defalked any of the Authors after my wont in others not to make their writings mine but â—hine the tediousnesse in so often repetitions by often relators and the superfluities being such as would deterre the Reader The Discourses I haue vsually put in another letter to distinguish them from the History the one the Eyes obseruations the other the Minds and both worthy both thine eyes and minds best obseruation Hee added also Notes touching the Naâ—â—e Royall which are worthy the noting but perhaps not to be permitted to euery vulgar and notelesse eye Sometim 〈…〉 veritas 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Paines may cause paines and busie labour may reap the reward of a busie body I am loth to buy repentance Fayall Gratiosa Flores Cueruo S. Maries c. Commanders names and chiefe officers Noblemen imployed in this seruice The Nauie consisting of three Squadrons and
you samples by Master Huntlie especially one sort of Gumme which I am perswaded will proue very rich Also I haue sent vnto you a peece of a Stone taken out of a Manuate or Sea Cowe I am giuen to vnderstand that a little thereof beaten into powder and drunke in Wine or Ale will in few houres cure any man that is troubled with the Stone they say it dissolueth it instantly I doubt not but to get a dosen of them before this time twelue moneths my refiner hath made triall of sundrie Minerals but cannot yet finde any Mettals At my arriuall here I found a Dutch Shippe and sithence here hath arriued another they buye vp all the Flaxe they can get and pay so deere that I can get none they haue not gotten so little I thinke as ten tunnes of Flaxe within these two moneths I doubt not but I shall be able to returne a Shippe laden with Flaxe and other commodities the next yeare the Flaxe yeeldeth a wonderfull encrease and will grow any where but especially in low moorish grounds the Indians report that the Roote yeeldeth increase euery moneth and euerie yeelde may be some foure ounces by this accompt an acre of ground planted with these rootes and distant three foote a sunder will yeelde 17280. li. euerie yeare which amounteth at sixe pence the pound to 432. li. I doubt this will not proue answerable to their reports but I verily beleeue it will yeelde halfe the encrease they speake of the Dutch men haue reported that it is worth in Holland but six pence the pound but they confesse that Holland will vent 500. tunne thereof Some of the Dutch men haue reported that it is worth in Holland sixteene pence the pound which I rather beleeue for my Weuers tell me that they will warrant it to dresse exceeding well and then it must needes be excellent fine grounds for any stuffe for Cotten here is little not worth the speaking of yet the Countrie will yeelde abundance and in sixe weekes the seede will yeelde Cotten and it beareth continually and plentifully I pray you sir send me more Weauers for I know not how to get any thing spunne for them for the women here are put to that extreame labour that they haue no time to spinne for they onely fetch water cut wood to burne and bring it home vpon their backes they gather all their rootes and bring them out of their Gardens they make all their Bread which is verie laboursome they dresse all the victuals make all the drinke attend vpon the men while they are at meate and besides they dresse vp their houses in their kinde and nurse their owne children so as they are alwayes toiled with labour and haue little or no time to spinne For Sugar Canes the world doth not yeelde better soyle for their encrease and whereas in Barbarie it is fifteene or sixteene moneths before they come to perfection here they grow vp in ten moneths And in Barbarie they are planted onely in two Uallies where they are watered euery weeke but here they grow vpon the Mountaines and neuer watered but with raine onely A few yeares I doubt not will afford plentie of Sugars if wee shall haue meanes to make them My loose commodities as Hatchets Beades Kniues Looking-glasses c. are almost all gone a great part in buying of victuals but the most part to stoppe the mouthes of my Mutinors and monstrous Sailours to whom also I haue promised two third parts of my Iron Now for the prosecuting of this voyage in such sort as that we be not preuented by the Spaniard nor any other Nation I would entreate you with as much speede as possibly you can to send me a supply of one hundred men at least to abide here all labouring men and Gardners for such are the fittest here for a time with a few Carpenters and with them three or foure good peeces of Ordnance with shot and powder also fiftie Caliuers for the men that stay here if you can send these men in two Shippes I doubt not but to lade one of them backe in three moneths after arriuall and the other which I wish may be the Oliue plant I would keepe here and fit her for a Frigot to keepe and command the Riuer I haue written to my brother Iohn Leighe to deliuer vnto you such monies as he hath receiued of Gifford who I hope hath ere this time paid his debts I hope you shall get store of voluntarie men to ease the charge of the Uoyage and looke what you shall disburse in my behalfe for the accomplishment of the Uoyage I will God willing see you honestly paid with aduantage or else if it please you to put it in aduenture it shall be accomplished in any sort to your owne desirâ— As I doubt not of your loue and forwardnesse especially in so good an action so also I make no question but this Countrie will in few years yeelde you satisfaction beyond your expectation If my wife haue not alreadie attained her suite of the Kings Maiestie I hope she will the sooner speede vpon this newes which if she doe my desire is that all shall be imployed vpon these proceedings and to that effect I haue written to her I haue written a Letter to the Kings Maiestie another to the Lords of the Counsell and one to mâ— Lord Admirall The bearer hereof Captaine Huntlie is the worthiest yong Gentleman that euer went to Sea vpon any dangerous enterprize he was neuer dismaid neither with extreame dangers at Sea nor with all the Mutinies aboord which had beene able to haue discouraged an old experienced Souldier besides I found him alwaies a most true faithfull and loyall friend and therefore I pray accompt him for a right honest man I have made him my Lieftenant generall of these Countries during life and therefore I pray let him returne chiefe commander in the first supply I would pray you also to procure to come with him some honest and discreete men whom I might relie vpon as trustie friends and vse as companions both for aduise and societie for I am now very vncomfortably matched hauing no worldly strength to trust vpon but my selfe onely I haue sent vnto you foure Indians principall men in their Countrie which were deliuered vnto me as pledges of our safeties here and they are to returne again the first but I thinke some of them will be more willing to stay longer The English man which was left here by Captaine Lea is dead I pray you procure Sir Walter Rawleighes Indian or my Lord Admirals for I want an Interpreter exceedingly here is but one and he vnderstandeth but little to any purpose I pray forget not to send Preachers sober and discreete men and such as are well perswaded of the Church gouernment in England c. From Principium or Mount Howard this second of Iuly 1604. CHAP. XIII A true Relation of the traiterous massacre of the most part of threescore
and seuen English men set on land out of a Ship of Sir Oliph Leagh bound for Guiana in Santa Lucia an Iland of the West Indie the three and twentieth of August written by IOHN NICOL SIr Oliph Leagh a worshipfull Knight of Kent sending a supply of good numbers of men in a Ship called the Oliph blossome to his brother Master Charles Leigh which was planted in the Riuer of Wiapogo within three degrees and an halfe Northward of the Equinoctiall line in the West Indies which departed from Wolwich the foureteenth of Aprill 1605. vnder the conduct of Captaine Cataline and Captaine Nicholas Sainct Iohn I being desirous to see the world consorted my selfe with that coâ—pany But by contrary windes and vnknowne currents of the Sea and the vnskilfulnesse of our Master Richard Chambers wee were put to leeward of our port without any hope of recouering the same in any due time And being not victualled as it seemed for aboue foure or fiue moneths after consultation had we were faine to touch first at the Isle of Barbudos and then at Santa Luzia in the West Indies Where fearing to perish at Sea for hunger before we should be able being so many aboord to reach England Captaine Nicolas Saint Iohn with the rest of the passengers which purposed to haue staied with Master Charles Leagh at Wiopogo in Guiana resolued to stay and take their fortune in the aforesaid fruitfull Iland Thus sixtie seuen of vs at our owne seeking were left on shore in the aforesaid Iland of Santa Luzia the three and twentieth of August 1605. with our Swords Muskets and Powder and one Falcon and one barill of Biscuit onely for all our food The next day our Ship departed from vs with some discontentment because we had seased vpon her Boate to serue our turnes After our Shippe was departed from vs we liued very peaceably daily trading with the Indians for victuals which were Cassaui Potatos Plantans Pinas Popayes Pompions Calabassus Tobacco Pappies Mammeyes all very pleasant to eate Also they brought vnto vs Hens and Guls and some Pelicanes Woodcocks and Snipes we our selues did kill with our Peeces many of them likewise And euery night we sent out sixe vpon the sands to seeke for Tortoyses whereof we neuer missed night without one or two and many times three which was the greatest sustenance we found for they are very large and great I haue often taken out of one of them to the number of seuen hundred egges Also the Indians had great store of Roan linnen cloathes Serges and other Stuffes and Spanish wollen cloath and iarres of Oyle which they tooke and saued at Sea with their Periagnas For three Spanish Shippes had beene there cast away a little before our arriuall if we had had a Pinnesse there we could haue laden her with many good commodities which they had hid in their houses in the woods All which we could haue bought for Hatchets Kniues Beades Thimbles Fishhookes and other such trifles Thus for the space of fiue or sixe weekes wee went not much abroad till our Captaine seeing certaine foure square Plates which the Indians ware on the small of their armes asked Browne a Gold finer his opinion what he thought of them who told him that three parts thereof was Gold And asking the Indians where they got them they pointed vnto an high Mountaine on the North-west part of the Iland This caused Captaine Nicholas Saint Iohn and Iohn Rogers who was our interpreter for the Spanish tongue with as many of our chiefe men as could well goe in the Boate vpon a Munday to goe thither promising his Brother Alexander Sainct Iohn Master Garret and Master Tench whom he left to gouerne the rest at home to returne the next Saturday The Indians for three dayes after did not come vnto vs with victuals for they perceiued when the Boate went and as we thinke they were then at the slaughter of our men at the Mountayne Vpon Thursday morning we killed two Tortoyses on the sands where wee found a great company of the Indians gathered together for what purpose we knew not And lest wee should suspect them of any bad intent towards vs they willingly offered themselues to bring home our Tortoyses which they tooke into their Periaguas and brought them to our Houses All that forenoone wee kept good watch for there were very many that came both by Sea and Land to the number of two or three hundred and diuers of them were very merrie with vs drinking of Tabacco and Aquauitae vntill ten of the clocke and then they departed all saue one which was a Captaine of the I le of Saint Vincent called Augramert and an old man which was his Father who promised vs if wee would goe to their houses that wee should haue any thing that they had For the day before I had beene at their houses with other two of my fellowes to haue bought victuals yet they would not part with any no not for any commoditie that wee had and yet they had more store of victuals then euer I saw them haue before But wee perceiued afterwad that it was prouided for them that came to take their parts against vs whom they kept secret in the Woods So we three returned and trauelled farre into the Iland and passed through sixe or seuen Gardens very full of Cassabe Potatoes and many other rootes and fruits and by the way saw many tall trees of so huge bignesse that wee three could not at twice fathome one of them about and they were so hard that wee could not cut them with our Kniues and the Barke of them was white like Ash. Then we returned to our Sconce againe Vpon Thursday after dinner Master Alexander Saint Iohns Master Francis Kettleby the elder Master William Tench my selfe and diuers others to the number of eighteene went with Augramert and his father hauing neither Bowe nor Arrow onely his father had a Brasill sword They went thus meanly armed lest wee should suspect them Augramert also promised Master Alexander Saint Iohn that he should see his wife and we should haue Hamaccos which are Indian beds of net-worke made of cotton yarne to lye in So we trauelled along the Sands very securely young Saint Iohn going a little space before playing and jesting with the Indian Captain till they came within sight of their houses where in the woods they had placed an ambush of three hundred Caribes when suddenly Augramert tooke hold of his Rapier with the one hand and of his Poniard with the other and the old man his father with his Brasill sword strooke him downe to the ground Then out of the woods came the Arrowes so thicke about our eares that wee had not the time to put our matches in our cocks And many of our companie had their match to light which gaue a great encouragement vnto the enemie insomuch that we discharged not sixe peeces against
fellow Aâ— 14. or 〈◊〉 miles Christall Rock Ayre and Seasons Note well Feare is the beginning of piety ciuility What vse may be made of the Natiues Possown a strange beast Flying Squirrels Fowle Fish Nets The Lottery * To 100. 200. 300. 1000. 2000. and the highest 4500. crownes Spanish Ships aâ— Virginia English Pilatâ— oâ— Iudas rather suspended and exalted together according to his meâ—â—â— Cap Y 〈…〉 〈◊〉 ◠〈◊〉 Hitherto from Capt. Smith See my Pil. l. 8. c. 5. See my Pilg. vbi sup Powhatans remoue Virginian yeers which perhaps occasioned the conceits of their longevity A. 1617. Cap. Argolls gouernment 1618. Great drought L. De-la-Wars last voyages and death Plowing and Corne in Virginia Killingbeck slain Powhatans death Sir Edwin Sands Treasurer Sir George Yerdley Gouernour Profit to be made in Virginia Seuerall Burroughs Patent three times renewed Ships People Commodities Gifts Patents Cap. I. Smith Sir Edw. Sands was Treasurer from Ap. 1619. till Iun. 16â—0 Master Stockams Letter to Master Whitaker before 1620. Hollanders colours The Spaniards shot at the boat They shot at the Ship English vnprepared for fight Spanish aduantages Spanish colors Their conference Insolence of the Spaniards The English fight Spaniards seeke to enter Their repulse Second charge Third charge Their Captain slaine Lucas his braue act The case altered Omnium reâ—urâ— vicissitudo The English could 〈◊〉 but foure Ordnance Spaniards fall off Brauado turned English Next dayes fight The Vice-Admirall seeketh to recouer the Iland and the qualitie Sana Doctor Bohune and seuen others slaine out-right Spanish losse Spanish ships described Beads Maids Magazine Furre-trade Boat-builders East Indie Schoole Iron Cotton Indico Vines Silke and Mulberies Plum-drinke Salt-workes New Discoueties by M. Pory Copper Mine Summer Iland Plants 3570. people sent to Virginia in the three last yeeres 42. Saile of ships 1200. Mariners imployed 1500. To the Summer Ilands Nine ships 240. Mariners imployed Forrest of Pines M. Hariot in his Booke of Virginia A. 1585. Vines planted Note A China Boxe seene with the Sauages M. Berkley M. G. Sandys French Vignerous Mulberies The Booke is printed containing many good rules both for Silk works Vines othâ—r husbandry but too long here to be inserted Hasty security Opachankanoes dissimulation occasioned by English security 347. slaine and basely murthered some think more He had written letters the year before May 17 testifying the plentiful comming vp of the Cotten seede c. attributing the ill successe of things to the not seeking of Gods glory in conuerting the Natiues which he said were peace able wanted but meanes indeed to murther them which this conceit procured Sure binde sure find Pitty such an Abel should be so Kaiâ— deceiued Conuerted Indian Manner of the Sauages life Gunpowder sowne practised before in Captain Smiths time Cap. Ioh Smith M. Pâ—rie Naked breast concealed beast Prouident Sauages Iack of the Feather Câ—uâ—e of the Massacre M. Gookins M. Iordan Mistris Procter Sup. cap. 6. Saint Georges Iland Three men had staied behind and went not to Virginia Harter Water and Chard Commodites of the Countrie Fishes Tortoises great and of great vse Fowle Hogs by reason of their food there and our mens stomackes extraordinarily sweet The weather Fruits Peares not hurtfull Cedar Berries Palmitos Pepper Palme-liquor Ambergreece and Pearle Tobacco Silk-spider Timber Trees * I haue omitted the rest of this discourse as being better knowne to later Writers Ambergreece Rat-plague How vaine a thing is man whose best wits and industry are triumphed ouer by silly Rats Great God giue vs grace to feare thee that we may feare nothing else else shall we feare with Pharao Frogs Lice Flies Grashopper or with others Fleas Sparrowes â— Yea a few Rats in despite of Cats Dogs Traps poisons shall starue vs. The Feagâ— Cap. Tucker Whales Shares Wels. The Aire TeÌ„perature of the Countrey Spiders Inueniuntur opes irritamenta malorum Flies Ants. Wormes Lizards Spiders Fowles Moores Forts Master Keath Church built Supplies sent An. 1613. M. Barklie Increase of Potatos Spanish Ships Escapes from dangers Rats M. Barklies second coming 1614. Famine and sicknesse Rauens Contrary extreme Gouernment by a Counsell Caldicots lot M. Keath and M. Hughes Strange accident Andrew Hilliaras aduentures M. Tucker 1616. Tribes laid oâ—â— Assises The Gouernours Admirable voyage His course was neerer shoare with all prouisions fitting Small Boat from Bermudas commeth to Ireland Sanders his fortunes Cap. Powell 1617. Hurt by Rats filling all the Iland Gallowes clappers fate 1618. Magazines not so profitable as intended Escapers not escaping Two ships sent Cap. Butler Gouernour 1619. Great stormes Ambergreece New platforme Ministers scruples Sir George Summers memorial Their first Parliament Spanish Wrack These made false reports in England the Spanish Embasadoâ—r also vrging the same till the contraâ—ie was manifested Weauells cure Forts Ordnance in Bermudas M. Bernard Gouernour 1622. M. Harrison Gouernour 1623. Wormes noysome He mentions in other letters 3. s. a pound of Butter 6. d. rea dy monie for a pinte of Milke 10 s. or 12. s. a day for a workman Carpenter besides meate and lodging Corteregalis made a voiage to thosâ— parts An. 1500. and another 1501. After that his brother but both lost Gomes another Portugal sought straits ther. An. 1525. The land was called Terra Corteregalis from 60. deg to S. Laurence Iesuites * I haue heard that Sir T. Dale was the Gouernor of Virginia and â—â—â—t him Iesuite killed The South Sea suspected as before in Dermers l 〈…〉 ter by Sauages relations 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Aâ—at Of God and the image of God in Man Gen. 1. 1. Eph. 4. 24. Gen 1. 28. Gen. 9. 2. Gen. 2. Esay 53. 1. Cor. 3. Apoc. 21. 〈◊〉 Cor. 15. Of the right of Christians and that of Heathens to the world See these things more fully handled in To. 1. l. 1. c. 1. §. 3 4. 5. Ioh. 8. 35. 36. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 1. Tim. 1. 6. Christians may not spoile Heathens Gal. 3. 17. Tit. 1. Matth. 5. Iohn 19. 36. 2. Cor. 10. 4. Matth. 16. Iud. 8. 2. Pet. 2. 19. Iohn 19. 11. Rom. 13. 1. Gen. 11. Acts 17. 27. Deut. 2. 9 19. 1. Cor. 3. 1. Cor. 13. Matth. 5. 1. Pet. 3. Mans naturall right in places either wholly or in great part not inhabited Abraham Lot Iacob c. I haue heard by one which I thinke hath more searched the Countrie then any other Cap. Smith that in â—eere so much as all England they haue not aboue 5000. men able to bear armes which manured and ciuilly planted might well nourish 1500000. and many many more as appeareth by this oâ—â— câ—untrie not hauing so rich a naturall Inheritance Right of Merchandise 1. Cor 11. 21. Securitie of Ports Gen. 10. Rom. 2. 14. Right Nationall Ius gentium Lucan Right by righâ— conquest 2. Sam. 10. Deut. 2. 19. Englands ma 〈…〉 〈…〉 hts to Virginia First discouery Mercator D. d ee Ortel c. M. Thorne
Sir Seb Cabota his picture in the priâ—e gallerie at White Hall hath â—hese words Effigies Seb. Cabotae Angli filij Ioannis Cabotae Veneti militis aurati c. he was born at Venice and seruing H. 7. H. 8. Ed. 6. was accounted English c. Galpano saith he was borne at Bristol Sir Seb. Cab. Grand Pilot of England Possession continuation prescription The names of aboue 100. are extant in M. Hack. 3. Tome Two former Colonies wholly c. Virginians acknowledge subiection and seruice to the English Right by buying selling and by cession Right by Forfeiture Fatall possession Heb. 11. The Glorie of God in his Word and Workes aduanced by this Plantation * Cicero Ie. 15. Ps. 19. 1. Ps. 92. 4. Ps. 148. 5. Ps. 16. ac 2. E 〈…〉 The workes of God and vaâ—ietie there seen set forth his glorie Propagation of the Gospell rewards therof Ose 2. Iam. 5. 20. Obad. vlt. 2. Cor. 11. 2. Matth. 6. 22. 1. Tim. 4. 8. Answeres to Obiections first to the want of Gold and Siluer Mines * Compare 2 Sam. 24. with 1 Chron. 21. It seemes that there were aboue two millions of men besides women and children Virginias high valuation Cap. Ioh. Smith Answer to the obiected ill successes and causes thereof Iud. 5116. Prou. 13. 10. 1 Tim. 6. The massacre hatâ— been the chiefe cause of later miscarying This number of 1800. was presented by the Companie to the Lords of the Councell Arguments for Virginian plantation as being honorable 1. Religion 〈◊〉 Humanitie 3. Honor of the English Nation 4. Honour of the King 5. Honor of the Kingdome 6. Argument of profit generally propounded Illustrated by the Castilian greatnesse Vpon lesse probabilities See Ouiedo our sixth Book Their greatest benefit in commodities not in Mines to the common subiect The Earle had purposed to leaue Sir Iohn Barkley with a Garrison to hold it but a great sicknesse and mortalitie consuming most of his men he was forced to leaue the place to bring home his ships I finde this in a written Extâ—â—ct of all the Ports shipping Cities Men c. of Spaine which sometimes belonged to that industrious Gentleman M. W. Burrough Controller of the Nauie Arg. 7. from necessiâ—ie by our multitudes Arguments of particular coÌ„modities and commodiousnesse 1. The same climate with best Countries 2. Temperate 3. Large extension 4. Commodious diuision of Lands and Riuers Bay of Chesepeake 5. Fertile soile 6. Trees for timber and other vses many 7. Specially for Silkes 8. And for Wines Iuly 9. A. R. 20. See sup c. 15. 9. Iust aduantage from the Sauages to make vse of their labours 10. Drugs and diuers other commodities 11. Iron mines 12. Timbers for all vses 13. More especially for building both houses ship 14. The manifold materialls for shipping 15. Sauing of expenses and freeing from dangers in forreine Countries 16. Imployment and 〈…〉 ding of Mariners 17. Many probabilities by transplantation of cattell fruits c. exemplified by Spaniards 18. The Countrie cattell beasts not only for vse there but Merchandise hâ—re * Cap. Smith tels of 1000. Basses at a draught M. Rolse of 5000. the least of two foot long 300. as big as Cod by Sir T. Dale 19. Benefits by fishing D. D. Brit. Monarchie Et quae non prosunt singula multa inuant 20. Tobacco A Booke presented to the Parliament by Master Bennet It is said that some maliciously father all their bad Tobacco on Virginia and Bermuda â—nd thâ— go 〈…〉 â—rom thence â—n Spanish 〈◊〉 21. Hopes of future Tâ—â—â—e for clothes other English commodities 22. Manifold necessities of these times 25. Nâ—cessarie for streng thening other Plantations 24. Probâ—bilities of a South Sea passage mame manie commodities thereoy 25. Necessitie of mâ—intaining Virginia in case of war forcâ—d â—y others South Sea why so called * See sup the end of the 4. Booke Dermers Letter in this * M. Thomas Turner an English Merchant liuing then in Portugall in name of an Almaine Q Elizabeths praises Acosta l. 3. c. 4. 5. 6. 7. Ouiedo Summary Gen. hist. l. 2. Hereras Descri of Ind. 〈◊〉 2. 3. The brises and course of Nauigation Eddy windes Disaduantage to our Ships of warre by want of some such Plantation as this is and may be whence ma ny Voyages were frustrated in part or wholly S. Seb. Sabot Anno 1517. Ouiedo Gen. hist. l. 19. c. 13. Master Hore 1536. Sir Io. Hawkins 1564. 1567. Spanish perfidie Spanish crueltiâ— Cap. Lancaster 1591. Cap. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 1596. Santâ—s of 〈◊〉 Orient◠〈◊〉 East Indie societie The Conclusion Briefe recapitulation of the most remarkable premisses Ex. 13. Es. 11. 1. Ca. Challon 2. Cap. Hanam sent by Lord Chiefe Iustice Popham 3. Cap. Popham Cap. Gilbert Sir Iohn Pophams death Captaine Pophams death Death of the Plantation Sir Fr. Popham Frenchmen plant there Sir Sa. Argall Noua Scotia Cap. Hobson imployed with Cap. Herley c. 1611. Hunts Sauage hunting of Sauages Friers charitie Wicked effects of wickednes Cap. I. Smith Cap. Mason Gouernor in New found land Plantation Cap. Rocraft French seized Conspiracie Conspirators â—â—ft Sawaguatock Menehighon Barke sunke Rocraftâ—â—aine â—â—aine Cap. Darmers voiage Necessi ie of a Deck in Pinnaces of discouerie Hollanders in Hudsons Riuer Darmers discoueries New Patent thought on Dermer betraied by Sauages See sup his owne letter to me His death Peaceable Plantation by his meanes Patentrenewed Temperate Climate Fertile Soile Commodious Coast. Fowle Deere The Mosse a strange Beast described Mount Mansell How they take the Mosse or Musse Commodities Seuerall Plantations along the Coast. Thirtie saile 1622. Madera Saint Lucia Fortie English slaine by Sauages 1605. See the storie sup pag. 1255. Dominica Friar Blascus his request Three gallions lost at Guadalupa Causes of yeerly sending of Friars out of Spaine Gold in Dominica They land 〈◊〉 Friar on Port Rico. They by vnhappy hap fall amongst Spanish ships They are borded taken and abused King Iames his name little respected by Spaniards French courtesie Their imprisonment Hard hearted Spaniard Cruell imâ—â—nitie Spanish Presidents respect to the English Honest Spaniards Three ships cast away Cap. Iohn Legat of Plimmouth Mutine Cap. Legat slaine by his mutinous crew which knew not when they had done to bring home their ship and so stumbled on Spanish iusticers I haue heard him much commended for a proper and expert Sea-man Proofe 1. 1614. Proofe 2. 1615. Proofe 3. 1615. Proofe 4. 1616. Proofe 5. 1616. Proofe 6. 1616. Proofe 7. 1617. Proofe 8. 1618. Proofe 9. 1619. Proofe 10. 1620 A Plantation in New England Proofe 11. 1620 Proofe 12. 1620 A Letter from New Plimoth Proofe 13. 1622 For this yeere 1622. Opechancanough taken in â—he midst of his armie as Atabalipa was by Piçarra 1622. Sep. 6. 1620. No. 9. Cape Cod. Ill Landing Sight of Sauages A Deere and water Sepulchers Kettle and Corne found Pâ—lizado They returne Deuise to catch Deere Cold Harbour Note