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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A53074	A new method, and extraordinary invention, to dress horses, and work them according to nature as also, to perfect nature by the subtility of art, which was never found out, but by ... William Cavendishe ...	Newcastle, William Cavendish, Duke of, 1592-1676.	1667 (1667)	Wing N887; ESTC R18531	135,086	431

of the greatest Quality of that Nation did me the favour to see my Horses and the Prince of Conde himself with several Noble-men and Officers was pleased to take the pains to goe twice to my Mannage And though the French think That all the Horse-manship in the World is in France yet one of them and he a very great Man in his Country was heard say directing his Speech to me Par Dieu Monsieur il est bien hardi qui monte devant vous And another said at another time Il n'y a plus de Segnieur comme vous en Angleterre Among many great Persons of which the vast Country of Germany affords abundance who for the most part delight to travel the Landgrave of Hesse did not only do me the honour to Visit me and see my Horses but being return'd to his Country was pleased to shew by a very kind Letter That he had not forgotten me nor the Love he had observed I have for Horses being pleased to promise He would send me two of his own Breed but soon after he was Kill'd in the Warrs the King of Swede made with the King of Poland As poor as I was in those dayes I made shift to buy at several times four Barbes five Spanish-Horses and many Dutch-Horses all the most Excellent Horses that could be and among them a Grey Leaping-Horse the most beautiful that ever I saw and who went exceeding High and Just in Leaps without any Help at all as also upon the Ground and Terra a Terra beyond all other Horses and he did look as if he had been above the Rate of Horse-kind The Duke of Guise hearing of him Two Gentlemen a French-Rider and an Englishman wrote to me That if I would part with him the Duke of Guise would give me 600. Pistolls for him but he was Dead three dayes before I receiv'd their Letter and had he Liv'd I would not have taken any Money for him for he was above Price And besides I was then too great a Beggar to think to be made Rich by the Sale of a Horse I have bestow'd many Thousands of Pounds in Horses and have given many but never was a good Horse-Courser Selling being none of my Professions The KING Himself who is an Excellent Judge both of Men and Business of Things of Use and of Recreation of Necessity and of Ornament did like that Horse very well And having had the Honour when I was His Governour to be the first that Sate Him on Horse-back and did instruct Him in the Art of Horse-manship it is a great Satisfaction to me to make mention here of the Joy I had then to see That His Majesty made my Horses goe better than any Italian or French-Riders who had often Rid them could do And to hear Him say That there are very few that Know Horses Which was Knowingly said and wisely judg'd of His Majesty It being very certain That all Men undertake to Ride them but very few Know them or can tell what they are good for It would fill a Volume to repeat all the Commendations that were given to Horses and to Horse-manship by several worthy Gentlemen of all Nations High and Low-Dutch Italians English French Spaniards Polacks and Swedes in my own private Riding-House at Antwerp which though very large was often so full that my Esquier Capt. Mazin had hardly Room to Ride But these few already spoken of will serve very well instead of all And after I have given an Account That I have divided this whole Book in four Parts and every Part in many Sections and Paragraphs wherein I never intended to observe any exact Method I beseech my Readers to take in good part That I have however set down as clearly as I could without the Help of any other Logick but what Nature hath taught me all the Observations about Horses and Horse-manship which I have made by a long and chargeable though I must needs say very pleasant and satisfactory Experience And so Farewell THE NEW METHOD AND Extraordinary Invention TO DRESS HORSES THE FIRST PART Of the several Authors that have Written of Horse-manship both Italians French and English THis Noble Art was first begun and Invented in Italy and all the French and other Nations went thither to learn the seate of Horse-manship being at Naples The first that ever Writ of it was Frederick Grison a Neapolitan and truly he Writ like a Horse-man and a great Master in the Art for those times Henry the Eighth sent for two Italians that were his Schollars to come to him into England and of one of them came all our Alexanders and their Schollars fill'd the Kingdom with Horse-men Sir Philip Sidney brought an Italian Rider one Signior Romano to teach his Nephew William Lord Herbert afterwards Earl of Pembrook and the same Sir Philip Sidney brought also over an other Italian Rider call'd Signior Prospero The old Earle of Leicester sent for an Excellent Rider out of Italy call'd Signior Claudio Curtio who writ a Book of Horse-manship and is quoted by several Italian Writers but I think that very much of his Book is stolen out of Grison Laurentius Cussius is another Author none of the best with Horrible Bitts Then there is Cesar Fieske who hath writ a Book much out of Grison too where he meddles with Musick There is another Book of Horse-manship call'd Gloria del Cavallo with long discourses and much out of Grison There is another Italian Book of Horse-manship call'd Cavallo Frenato de Pietro Antonio a Neapolitan much stolen out of Grison But his Book consists most of Bitts to little purpose though they seem to be Great Curiosities But the most Famous man that ever was in Italy was at Naples a Neapolitan call'd Signior Pignatel but he never Writ Monsieur La Broue Rid under him five years Monsieur De Pluvinel nine years And Monsieur St. Anthoine many years The Liberty which is the best for Bitts at this Day we call A La Pignatel These three aforementioned French-men that Rid under Signior Pignatel fill'd France with French Horse-men which before were fill'd with Italians Monsieur La Broue I believe was the First that ever Writ of Horse-manship in the French Language and the first French-man that ever Writ in that Art His Book is very Tedious many Words for little Matter and his first Book is absolutely all Stolen out of Grison and his second Book from Pignatell's Lessons But La Broue to seem wiser than he was and to make up a Book divides a Circle into so many parts to bring a Horse to a whole Circle that it confounds a Horse more and is harder for him than to Work him upon a whole Circle at first And for Broue's third Book of Bitts there is no great Matter in it As for Pluvinel no doubt but he was a Good Horse-man but his Invention of the Three Pillars of which his Book Pretends to be an absolute Method is no

have Read his Book you can Do what he Teacheth No truly and yet not the Book 's Fault but Yours in being so Partial to your Self as to think you can do Any Thing at the first Sight without Practice or Study which would be a Miracle I never saw or any Body shall ever see In the same Manner if a Lutenist should Write a Rare Book Can you Expect that as soon as you have Read it you can Play on the Lute because it may be you can Jangle the Strings But you say You can Ride Truly just as you Jangle the Lute-Strings and no otherwise You have learnt in Italy and France that 's something indeed So many Crowns a Month and the Horse did not Throw you and that is all Mr. Spenser the Best Schollar in all the Academy where he Learned and a fine Gentleman who had been Two Years there when he came to Ride one of my Horses he could not make him Go His Brother-in-Law being present said to me My Lord you must Excuse him he hath not Ridd a great while But Mr. Spenser said with a great Oath Brother you are Deceived for I know now I could never Ride God knows how many Young Gallants comn newly out of Academies English French Irish and Dutch Gentlemen that were Famed for good Horse-men and truly no Piece of a Horse-man and Ridd the Wofullest that could be and so did before me some Masters of Academies And once two French-men Riding God knows very meanly were strangely Laught at and that very Worthily by two other French Riders that stood by But sayes One I can Ride a Ready Horse wherein he is Deceived for a Ready Horse is the Hardest of all to Ride because the Least motion is an Absolute Command unto him and an Ignorant gives him such Counter-times as he puts him quite Out Mr. Germain a Fine Gentleman and the Best Scholler Du Plessis had in all his Academy knew well the Difficulty of Riding a Ready Horse For to Perswade him to Ride one of Mine which he would not Do I told him If you will but Sit Still I warrant you the Horse will go Well with you But a Man said he with a great Oath cannot Sit Still Which was said Knowingly and like a Horse-man for to Sit Still belongs only to a Great Master Another because he hath Ridd a Hundred Miles in a Day which a Post-Boy can do thinks Himself a Horse-man or Because he can Run a Match with his Groom or Leap a Ditch or a Hedg in Hunting and Hold by the Main he thinks he is a Horse-man but his Hunts-Boy doth as much And my Lord Mayor when he goes to Weigh Butter sits a Legg of either side the Horse very Gravely An excellent Horse-man And I have seen many Wenches Ride Astride and Gallop and Run their Horses that could I think hardly Ride a Horse Well in the Mannage Are they not in All Trades bound Apprentices Seven and Nine Years and Many Bunglers of them too And in Higher Professions Twenty and Thirty Years is not too much before they are Great Masters in any One of them And though Horse-manship be the Hardest of All yet Many a Gentleman will Ride the First Day as well as the Greatest Master but he is Deceived as well as those that think to Buy with their Money any Quality For if Good Qualities could be Purchased with Money every Rich Citizen would be a Fine Gentleman Of which Opinion that French Cavalier was not who told me commending my Method Par Dieu Il est bien hardi qui monte devant vous that is He is very Bold that dares Ride before you And to the same Purpose Signor del Campo an Italian Rider at Bruxels after he had seen my Horses said Il faut tirer la Planche that is The Bridge must be Drawn up for no Horse-man so Good as You can come After There is no Horse-man but shall Make my Horses go for his Use either in a Single Combat or in the Wars better than he shall any bodies Horses else and that 's Sufficient for to make them go in Perfection in all Ayres as I can were too much and too great a Miracle But let My Method be what it will since every Man doth what he can if any Pleases himself with his Own Opinions though he Dislikes My Way never so much and should Censure a thing he Understands not and say That the Mannage is a Foolish thing It shall not Displease me at all OBSERVATIONS OF HORSES OF THE SPANISH HORSE YOu must Know that of All Horses in the World of what Nation soever they be Spanish Horses are the Wisest far the Wisest and strangely Wise beyond any Mans Imagination but I must Tell you they are not the Easlier Drest for that Because they Observe too much with their Eyes and their Memories are too Good and so Conclude with their Judgments too soon without the Man Reckoning without their Host whereas they should Follow and Obey his Hand and Heel and that not by Roat neither but by Art which is an Habit got by many Lessons Methodically Taught If he be Well Chosen I assure you He is the Noblest Horse in the World First There is no Horse so Curiously Shaped all over from Head to Croup He is the most Beautiful that can be For he is not so Thin and Lady-like as the Barb nor so Gross as the Neapolitan but between Both. He is of great Spirit and of great Courage and Docil Hath the Proudest Walk the Proudest Trot and Best Action in his Trot the Loftiest Gallop the Swiftest Careers and is the Lovingest and Gentlest Horse and Fittest for a KING in a Day of TRIUMPH to Shew himself to his People or in the Head of an Army of any Horse in the World Therefore no Horse so fit to Breed on as a Spanish Horse either for the Mannage the War Ambling for the Pad Hunting or for Running-Horses Conquerour was of a Spanish Horse Shotten-Herring was of a Spanish Horse Butler was of a Spanish Horse and Peacock was of a Spanish Mare And These Beatt all the Horses in their Time so much as No Horse ever Ran near them I say He is Absolutely the best Stallion in the World for all those several things I have formerly Named if you do Wisely appropriate such Mares to him as shall be fit for such Uses as you would have your Breed and so he is fit for all Breeds but to Breed Cart-Horses The King of Spain hath many Races but his Best is at Cordoua in Andalozia where he hath above Three Hundred Mares and Colts as my Lord Cottington told me and besides those of his Majesty there are other most Excellent Races not only of Noblemen but also of Private Gentlemen For the Prices the Earl of Claringdon now Lord Chancellor of England told Me That when he was Embassador in Spain Sir Benjamin Wright a Merchant there that Loves Horses sold a Couple of

the Barb Fearful and Skittish for the most part and Dogged and Rebellious to the Mannage and not commonly so Apt to Learn But those they call English Horses are so Compounded of Horses of all Countries that they always Participate something of their Sires and so that may somewhat alter the Case Certainly English Horses are the Best Horses in the whole World for All Uses whatsoever from the Cart to the Mannage and some are as Beautiful Horses as can be any where for they are Bred out of all the Horses of all Nations But if you would Buy for the Mannage at Fayrs you must go to Rowel Fayr Harborow Fayr and Melton Fayr to Northampton and Leicester-shire but Northampton they say is the Best You must Buy such Horses as they Sell for the Cart and Coach which are the best for the Mannage Do not think to Buy Delicate Shapt Horses like the Spanish Horse Barb or Turk but they are Handsomer Horses than commonly Dutch Horses are Chuse a Short trust Horse with Good Feet and Leggs full of Spirit and Action and Lively and if he Leap of himself so much the Better If your Horse-man hath Skill to Buy you such they cannot do Amiss for the Mannage and will prove most Admirable Horses both in all Ayres and upon the Ground but I would not Breed of them by no Means At Molten Fayr for the most part they are young Stone-Horses and some Geldings but fitter for the Padd and Hunting than for the Mannage Rippon Fayr is but the Remnant of Molten Fayr and commonly but Geldings and Naggs those Fayrs are in York-shire Lenton Fayr is in Nottingham-shire and is a great Fayr of all Sorts of Horses but especially Geldings and Naggs Fitter for the Padd and Galloping than for the Mannage you may also find some Stone-Horses there In Stafford-shire there is a great Fayr at Pankridge but it is for the most part of Colts and Young-Horses though sometimes by Chance there are also Others The other Fayrs in the Northern Parts which are many are not Worth naming I am very Ignorant of the West-Country where my Lord Pauletts Ancestors had a good Breed of Horses and by Chance now and then my Lord of Pembroke did Breed but I never heard of any Rare Horses of his Race In Worcester-shire and in the Vale of Esam there is good Strong Cart-Horses in Cornwall there is good Naggs and in Wales excellent good Ones but in Scotland the Gallawayes are the Best Naggs of them all There were afore the Warrs many good Races in England but they are all now Ru 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and the many New Breeders of Horses comn up presently after the Warrs are I doubt none of the Best for I believe their Stallions were not very Pure because the Men that did Govern in Those Dayes were not so Curious as the Great Lords and Great Gentry were Heretofore neither would they be at the Cost and besides they have not Knowledge of Horses as in other Countries For though Every man Pretends to it yet I assure you there are very Few that Know Horses as I have heard the KING say Since whose RESTAURATION the Probability of getting Good Breeds again is very Great For English Mares there are None like them in the World to Breed On but then you must Chuse them fit for such Horses as you would Breed As for Example If you would Breed for the Mannage the Mares must have Fine Fore-hands but not too Long Necks Fine Heads and well Hung On and their Necks rightly Turn'd Broad Brests Good Eyes and Great Bodies that the Foles may have the more Room to Lay their 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 They must have Good Hooffs short and bending Pastorns and are to be Short from the Head to the Croup and Stuffy This Shape fits the Mannage Best and if your Mares be thus Chosen it makes no matter what Colour they are of nor what Marks they have nor what Tayles and Manes so they be full of Strength and of a superfluity of Spirit and not above Six or Seven Years Old But I must Tell you That if you had Two or Three fine Dutch Mares Shaped as I formerly told you it Makes a fine Composition with a Spanish Horse for the Mannage and a Spanish Horse with such English Mares as I have Told you Now are not only for the Mannage but in a manner for all Uses If you would have Mares to Breed Running-Horses of then they must be Shaped thus As Leight as possible Large and Long but well Shaped a Short Back but Long Sides and a little Long-Legged their Breast as Narrow as may be for so they will Gallop the Leighter and Nimbler and Run the Faster for the Leighter and Thinner you Breed for Gallopping is the Better Your Stallion by any means must be a Barb and somewhat of the Shape that I have Described the Mares to be of For a Barb that is a Jade will Get a better Runing-Horse than the Best Running-Horse in England As Sir John Fennick told me who had more Experience of Running-Horses than any Man in England for he had more Rare Running-Horses than all England besides and the most part of all the Famous Running-Horses in England that Ran one Against another were of his Race and Breed Some Commend the Turk very much for a Stallion to Breed Running-Horses but they are so Scarce and Rare that I can give no Judgment of them And therefore I Advise you to the Barb which I believe is much the Better Horse to Breed Running Horses Of The FRISON THe Frison is Less Wise than the English but no Horse goes better in the Mannage either upon the Ground Terra a Terra or in all Ayres and no Horse is of more Use either for a Single Combat on Horse Back or in the Warrs for the Shock He is Hardy can Live of any Thing and will Endure either Heats or Colds and on no Horse whatsoever doth a Man Appear more a Sword-Man than on this Horse being so Quiet so Bold and so Assured He is also Manly and Fit for Every thing but Running Away though he will Run fast for a while yet I doubt not Long because his Wind is not like that of Barbs Yet a Heavy man Well-Armed upon a Barb and the same Weight upon a Dutch-Horse the Horse's Strength is so much Above the Barb's as Compared thus I believe the Dutch Horse may Run as Fast and as Long as the Barb for the Barb's Wind serveth to no Purpose when his Strength is not able to Carry his Weight And thus the Barb will want his little Light Jockey on him with a couple of Trenchers for a Saddle and Lute-Strings in his Mouth for a Bitt OF THE DANEMARK and HOLLAND HORSE THe Denmark-Horse is an Excellent Horse in the same Kind and commonly Apter to Learn and Leighter There are more Leaping-Horses of those Countries and Kinds than of any Horses in the World But now to make more Profit they

Heart or at least his Wind before you dare get Upon him For being Ordered as I have formerly Told you you may Safely Back Him and find him as Quiet as a Lamb and never Drive him into Faint-Sweats which will bring many Diseases upon him You need not then a Cavezone of Cord which Mr. Blundevil calls a Head-Strain nor a Padd of Straw but such a Saddle as you ordinarily Ride Horses of Mannage in with Stirrups and on his Nose an ordinary Cavezone as you Ride other Horses with but it must be well Lined with double Leather as the Rest are and if you will you may put a Watering-Bitt in his Mouth without Rains on only the Headstal and this but for a few Dayes and then to put such a Bitt as I would always Ride him withal of which we shall Speak hereafter and so give him the Lessons which you shall have Perfectly sett down in the Second Book But if you light on an Older Colt and Unruly then put him to the Single Pillar and Trot him and Gallop him on both Hands until he be very Quiet and will Peaceably suffer you to Take his Back which he will not Fail to do within four or five Dayes at the most if you Use this Method And I do not know that the Single Pillar the Old way is good for any thing but this At first you must Ride your Colt without Spurrs And thus much for Backing of Colts OF THE SPANISH MVLES I Have seen the Finest Shap't of them in the World the Finest Shap't Heads and the Best set On the Finest Turned Necks and the Thinnest and Well Risen Excellent Backs good Bodies their Leggs Clean and Sinewy Admirable Hooffs their Croups a little Slender And in a Word No Horse in the world Finer Shap't and only their Ears are a Little Long which methinks is a Grace to them They are of all Colours as Bayes Dapple-Grayes and so forth Extreamly Strong as Strong as Two Horses very Large some as Large as any Horse whatsoever and of great Prices as three and four Hundred Pistols a Mule The King of Spain hath Beautifull and Large ones in his Coach they Use them very much for the Saddle for they Amble most Curiously and Easily they seldom Stumble but when they Do they never Fall further than their Knees They are very Safe and Sure to Ride on there be some very Little ones and Fine ones like Gallowayes and those Commonly great Generals and Commanders Ride on in the Trenches and about Fortifi'd Castles to View them The Grosser sort they Use for Sumpters Waggons and Carriers for many things They also Ride Post on them and Don John de Borge who was Governour at Antwerp told me That they would Amble as fast as Any Horse could Gallop They Live Long and Sound Thirty Years at least There are Males and Females of them and very Hot they are in the Act of Generation but never produce any thing with any thing either to Get or Bring Forth They say One is never assured of them from Biting or Striking though the Groom hath kept them Twenty Years But I perceive no such Thing in them And I have seen a Mule go in Capriols excellently well They say They have Ill Mouths but that 's because they Spoyl them with Horrible Bitts For they use both Other Bitts and other Saddles and Furniture to them than to Horses wherein they are very much Mistaken To those that are for the Saddle I would use the very same Bitts and Saddles as for Horses and no otherwise 'T is true that for Sumpters there be Proper things that they use for Them only and not for Horses which is very Comely And in Spain they use in their Coaches Ropes for the Mules and the Horses also to Draw the Coaches withall They are Excellent to Ride on in Stoney-Wayes none like them they are so Sure of Foot The Stallions that Get these Mules are Asses upon very Fine Spanish Mares Sir Benjamin Wright being a Merchant at Madrid Writ to me once That a Stallion Asse would Cost at the least Two Hundred and Fifty Pistols but others Tell me of Greater Prices that They are at and great Reason since Mules are of so great Use to them in Spain My Lord Cottington told me That the Asses in Spain are Greater and Larger Beasts than ever he saw of Horses in all his Life and almost of Any other Beast and are so Furious and full of Spirit That there is Men that Live only by the Ordering of them and no Other Men can do it but those men which make a Trade of it for Others would be Kill'd by them And These Men Hood the Asses when they Cover any Mares that they may not See them for otherwise they would Pull the Mares in Pieces and Kill them When they Bray it is a most Lowd and Horrid Noise beyond any Lyon in the world Now you see There is great Reason why they should be of Great Prices but one that Thinks they should be just such Little dull Asses as are in England of Twenty or Thirty Shillings a Piece would Laugh to hear this Tale told Because they think there is Nothing more in the World than they have seen As in such a case Sir Walter Rawley said well That there are Stranger Things in the World than between Stains and London The Asses in France are just like the Asses in England Little Lazy Dull and Woful things and of as Small Price only in those Parts of France that are next Spain there the Asses are Large but nothing in Comparison of those in Spain The Shee-Asses in Spain are very Fair and Large For else How can you Imagine such huge large and great Puissant Beasts should be Produc'd THAT TRYING Is the Only Way to KNOW HORSES I Told you That Marks Colours and Elements are Nothing at all to Know a Horse by for they are but Philosophical Mountebanks that Talk of such Toyes Nay Shape is nothing to Know the Goodness of a Horse and therefore the best Philosophy is to Try him And you may be Deceived then if he be a Young Horse for Colts alter extreamly both in Spirit and Strength What Judgment can one give of a Little Boy what Kind of Man he will Prove No more can one give a Judgement of a Colt what Kind of Horse he will Prove But still Ride him and Try him and that is the Best Philosophy to Know him by Some say If a Horse have a Great Head a Thick Neck and Fleshy Shoulders that he is Hard on the Hand You must Know That if he have any Imperfection in his Leggs or Feet but especiall Before the Horse must be Hard on the Hand for he Leans on the Hand to Ease the Grief of his Leggs as a Gowty-Man doth Use his Staff And let him be finely Shap't or ill Shap't if he have any Imperfection in his Leggs he must be Hard on the Hand and then the Farrier