Selected quad for the lemma: england_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
england_n	earl_n	lord_n	robert_n	8,204	5	9.3818	5	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A09198	The gentlemans exercise Or an exquisite practise, as well for drawing all manner of beasts in their true portraitures: as also the making of all kinds of colours, to be vsed in lymming, painting, tricking, and blason of coates, and armes, with diuers others most delightfull and pleasurable obseruations, for all yong gentlemen and others. As also seruing for the necessarie vse and generall benefite of diuers trades-men and artificers, as namly painters, ioyners, free-masons, cutters and caruers, &c. for the farther gracing, beautifying, and garnishing of all their absolute and worthie peeces, either for borders, architecks, or columnes, &c. By Henrie Peacham Master of Artes.; Graphice	Peacham, Henry, 1576?-1643?	1612 (1612)	STC 19508; ESTC S114350	87,106	179

to be pared off to which commonly the best wits are subiect withall daily and contnuall practise were it but Apelles his vnica linea without which it is impossible for him to attaine to ready draught much lesse to excellency in generall The beginning and progresse of Painting CHAP. II. A comparison betweene the Painters of old times and the latter the great value and prizes of Pictures c. AElian saith Painters at the first were such bunglers and so rude that when they drew a Cow or a Hog they were faine to write ouer the head what it was otherwise the beholder knew not what to make of it but in short time they grew to that excellency that they were honoured welnigh as Gods as Metrodor●s the Athenian of whom as of some other that were the most famous in their times I will speake a word or two as well for methode as the recreation of my Reader Apollodorus among the Athenians was the first that did expresse the life with colours Euphranor hath attributed vnto him the inuention of Emblemes Impr●sa's and the like heroicall deuises and was the first obseruer of Simetry whereof he wrote many volumes Parrhasius most of all excelled in blacke and white Pyreicus as Volaterane saith was onely famous for counterfaiting all base things as earthen pitchers a scullery Rogues together by the eares swine tumbling in the mire c. whereupon he was sirnamed Rupographus Aristides was the most excellent of his time for expressing sence and passion as in that peece of his of a mother deadly wounded and giuing her child sucke in whose face he expressed a deadly feare as loath to denie it foode and vnwilling to giue it the teate for feare of killing it with her bloud which with the milke issued forth in great abundance This Table Alexander caried with him to Pella Protogenes was the first that could lay his colours so artificially that one being worne off a fresh should succeede to the number of foure or fiue when hee would vndertake any excellent peece he vsed to di●t himselfe with pease lupines and the like that his inuention might be the more quicke and refined Amongst his works his Ialysus or Bacchus was the chiefe taken at the Rhodes by Demetrius Poliorcetes which he so esteemed that as Plutarch reports hee sware he had rather loose all his fathers Images then that Table AElian saith it was seuen yea●es in making Ap●lles who liued in the 1012. Olympiade● excelled all the rest yet for action he gaue place to Amphion Among his peeces the picture of Alexander at Ephesus and his Venus which he left at his death vnperfect in Chios were the chiefest I will passe ouer the artificiall peeces of Zeuxis L. Manlius Pacuuius a Tragedian Poet Metrodorus before named an excellent Painter and withall a great Philosopher who when Lucius Paulus a great man in Rome wrote vnto the Vniuersitie of Athens to prouide him a graue and learned Schoolemaster for his sonnes was chosen by the generall consent of the whole Vniuersity as the fittest man both to bring vp his children and to adorne his triumphes Nothing inferiour to these rare Artistes in my iudgement haue beene our painters of late time and many now liuing in sundrie parts of Europe who if they could finde an Alexander or another Demetrius would remaine as famous to posteritie as Apelles or the best of them all haue done to vs neither do I suppose euery thing to haue beene excellent which ouer credulous Authors haue writ and ignorant antiquitie admired the best artes being then in their in●ancie whose perfection is not distilled to the puritie vntill it hath runne through many ages what times shall not euer admire that excellent peece of Raphael Vrbine in the Church of S. Victore in Millane the workmanship of Michael Angelo of the last iudgement in the Popes Chappell in Rome Her●ole di Ferrara and his notable art seene at this day in Bononia Pisanello who so beauti●ied ●he Church of Laterane in Rome Bellino the Ven●tian whom the Turke so royally rewarded what Apelles could excell Petro de Burgo for perspectiue Albert Durer for drapery Michael Angelo for action Goldzius for good standing and bold action Hans Holben for sence and the life Marcus de Siena for Sandtschap with infinite others as Titianus Antonio de Corregio Caesar Sestius Zenale Triuiliano Francesco Melzi nor must I be ingratefully vnmindfull of mine owne counrriemen who haue beene and are able to equal the best if occasion serued as old Mr. Hiliard Mr. Isaac Oliuer inferiour to none in Christendome for the countenance in small my good friend Mr. Peake and Mr. Marqu●s for oyle colours with many more vnknowne vnto me Neither doth our countrey want her Patrone● and fauourers of this worthy skil as first the Kings most excellent Maiestie Noble Prince Henry to whom I presented not long since his fathers Basilicon Doron which I had turned a little before throughout into Latine verse● And Emblemes limmed in liuely colours which he gratiously accepted The Right Honourable Robert Earle of Salisburie and Lord high Treasurer of England who as he fauoureth all learning and excellencie so he is a principall patrone of this art hauing lately imployed Mr. Butler and many other excellent Artistes for the beautifying of his houses especially his Chappell at Hatfield The right Honourable the Earles of Arundell Worcester South-hampton Pembrooke Suffolke and Northampton with many Knights and Gentlemen to whom our masters are daily beholden Now least you should esteeme ouer basely of this art and disdaine to haue your picture because you may haue it for a trifle which I account a fault in many of our good workemen I will tell you the prices of some peeces of note aswell in ancient times as of late daies Caesar the Dictator redeemed the tables of Ai●x and Medaea for eightie talents which amount to 24000 French crownes I speake with the least because take the lesser Athenian talent for generally where you finde this word Talentum in any Latine Author as in Tullie his Oration pro C. Rabirio Postumo and in Act in verrem and some other places where you shall finde it oftenest you must vnderstand the Athenian talent except you haue the addition of AEgineum Syrium Babylonium c. the greater as Budaeus saith was bigger by a third part King Attalus paid for one of Aristides peeces an hundred talents Hortensius the Orator gaue for a table of the Argonauts 144. talents Mnason paid to Asclepiodorus for the twelue Gods after three hundred pounds sterling a peece Candaules King of Lydia gaue to Bularchus for a peece of his the weight of the same in gold The Duke of Millane rewarded Raphael Vrbine as many ducats as couered the picture of a great breadth which he had made for him Pope Innocent the eight a worthy louer of all learning and ingenious artes bestowed vpon Andrea Mantega his painter in the Beluedere of

giue consent who sets downe foure primarie or first colours viz. White in the drie bodie as the earth Greene in thicke and moist as the water Blew in the thin and moyst as the ayre Yealow in the hot as the fire Yet not without reason for Aristotle affirmed that black was the priuation of white as darknesse of light to whom Scaliger replies that nothing can be made of priuation and habit but we will leaue their arguments and proceede to the species and seuerall kindes of colours shewing by their Etymologies their seuerall nature and af●er declare the manner of their mixture and composition CHAP. XX. Of the choyce of your grinding stone Mullar Penc●ls making your gummes gylding c. HAuing hitherto as plainely as I could giuen you those directions I haue thought most necessarie for drawing with the pen I will shew you next the right mingling and ordering of your colours that after you can draw indifferent well for before I would not haue you know what colours meaneth you may with more delight apparrell your wo●k with the liuely and naturall beautie and first of the choice of your grinding stone and pencils I like best the porphytie white or greene Marble with a muller or vpper stone of the same cut verie euen without flawes or holes you may buy them in London of those that make toombes they will last you your life time wearing very little or nothing some vse glasse but many times they gather vp their colours on the ground others slates but they with wearing though neuer so hard at the first will kill all colours you may also make you a mullar of a flat pibble by grinding it smooth at a grindstone if you doe it handsomely it is as good as the best● your great muscle shelles commonly called horse muscles are the best for keeping colours you may gather them in Iuly about riuers sides the next to ●hese are the small muscle shelles washt and kept very cleane Chuse your pencels by their fastnesse in the quils and their sharpe points after you haue drawne and whetted them in your mouth you shal buy them one after another for eight or tenne pence a dozen at the Apothecaries CHAP. XXI Of the seuerall Gummes that are vsed in grinding of water colours Gumme Arabicke THE first and principall is Gumme Arabicke choose it by the whitenesse cleerenesse the brittlenesse of it being broken betweene your teeth for then it is good take it and lay it in very faire water vntill it be quite resolued and with it grinde your colours you may make it thinne or thicke as all other Gummes at your pleasure by adding and taking away the water you put to it 2. Gumme Hederae or of the Iuie There is another very excellent gumme that proceedeth from the Iuie which you shall get in this manner finde out first an Oke or house that hath a great branch of Iuie climing vp by it and with an axe cut it a sunder in the midst and then with your axe he●d bruise both ends and let it sta●d a moneth or thereabouts at what time you shal●●●ke from it a pure and fine gumme like an oyle w●●ch issueth out of the ends take it off handsomely with a knife or spoone and keepe it in a viall it is good to put into your gold size and other colours for three respectes first it allaies the smell of the size secondly it taketh away the bubbles that arise vpon your gold size other colours lastly it taketh away the clamminesse and fatnesse from your other colours there is moreouer great vse of it in the confection of pomander 3 Gumme lake Gumme lake is made with the glaire of egs strained often and very short about March or Aprill to which about the qua●tity of a pinte you must put two spoonfull of honey and as much of Gumma Hederae as a hasell nut and foure good spoonefuls of the strongest woort you can come by then straine them againe with a sponge or peece of wooll so fine as you can and so long till that you see them runne like a fine and cleare oyle keepe it then in a cleane glasse it will grow hard but you may resolue it againe with a little cleare water as you doe gumme Arabicke it is moreouer an excellent vernish for any picture 4 Gumme Armoniacke Take Gumme Armoniacke and grinde it with the iuyce of Garlicke so fine as may be to which put two or three drops of weake Gumme Arabicke water and temper it so that it be not too thicke but that it may runne well out of your penne and write therewith what you will and let it drie and when you mean to gyld vpon it cut your gold or siluer according to the bignesse of the size you haue laid and then se● it with a peece of wooll in this manner first breath vpon the size and then lay on your gold vpon it gently taken vp which presse downe hard with your peece of wooll and then let it well drie being dried with a fine linnen cloath strike off finely the loose gold then shall you finde all that you drew very faire gold and cleane as you haue drawne it though i● were as small as any heire it is called gold Armoniack is taken many times for liquid gold CHAP. XXII Of gylding or the ordering of gold and siluer in water colours YOV may gyld onely with gumme water as I will shew you make your water good and stiffe and lay it on with your pencel where you would gyld then take a cushion that hath smooth leather and turne the bottome vpward vpon th●t cut your gold with a sharpe knife in what quantitie you will and to take it vp draw the edge of your knife finely vpon your tongue that it may be onely wet with which doe but touch the very edge of your gold it will come vp and you may lay it as you list but before you lay it on let your gumme be almost drie otherwise it wil drowne your gold and being laid presse it downe hard with the skut of an haire afterward burnish it with a dogs tooth I call burnisht gold that manner of gylding which we ordinarily see in old parchment Masse bookes done by Monkes and Priests who were very expert herein as also in laying of colours that in bookes of an hundred or two hundred yeares old you may see the colours as beautiful and as fresh as if they were done but yesterday A very faire manuscript of this kind Sir Robert Cotton my worshipfull friend had of me which was King Edward the fourthes compiled by Anthony Earle Riuers and as Master Cambden told me it was the first booke that euer was printed in England it lieth commonly embos●ed that you may feele it by reason of the thicknesse of the ground or size which size is made in this manner Take three parts of Bole Armoniacke and foure of fine chalke grinde them together as small as you