those_o island_n that_o lie_v before_o the_o shore_n of_o france_n for_o it_o be_v general_o know_v that_o after_o king_n john_n and_o henry_n the_o three_o be_v drive_v out_o of_o normandy_n itself_o that_o the_o isle_n caesaria_n and_o sarnia_n which_o we_o call_v jersey_n and_o garnesey_n aureney_n and_o some_o other_o neighbour_a isle_n lie_v near_o the_o shore_n of_o normandy_n and_o bretaign_n yea_o and_o situate_v within_o that_o creek_n of_o sea_n which_o be_v make_v by_o the_o shore_n of_o bretaign_n on_o the_o one_o side_n and_o that_o of_o normandy_n on_o the_o other_o have_v in_o the_o follow_a age_n 5._o both_o now_o and_o heretofore_o remain_v in_o the_o dominion_n of_o england_n but_o by_o the_o sentence_n pass_v against_o k._n john_n as_o duke_n of_o normandy_n for_o the_o murder_n of_o his_o nephew_n arthur_n the_o french_a will_v have_v he_o deprive_v of_o all_o the_o right_o he_o have_v to_o normandy_n and_o afterward_o 1_o henry_n the_o three_o resign_v his_o right_n to_o normandy_n but_o suppose_v we_o grant_v what_o be_v common_o receive_v that_o these_o island_n be_v of_o the_o norman_a jurisdiction_n or_o belong_v to_o the_o duchy_n of_o normandy_n yet_o true_o even_o so_o they_o neither_o can_v be_v take_v away_o by_o the_o sentence_n nor_o do_v they_o fall_v to_o the_o french_a by_o resignation_n forasmuch_o as_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o so_o of_o the_o island_n place_v therein_o be_v still_o retain_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n almost_o as_o many_o priory_n be_v in_o england_n itself_o who_o though_o they_o be_v belong_v to_o the_o norman_a government_n in_o church-matter_n yet_o even_o as_o they_o be_v of_o the_o government_n of_o normandy_n they_o ever_o remain_v under_o the_o dominion_n of_o england_n as_o long_o as_o the_o privilege_n of_o monastery_n be_v in_o force_n among_o the_o english_a as_o be_v situate_a within_o the_o undoubted_a bound_n of_o the_o english_a empire_n nor_o be_v it_o easy_o understand_v wherefore_o the_o island_n can_v have_v be_v so_o retain_v unless_o they_o also_o have_v be_v seat_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o english_a empire_n in_o the_o sea_n but_o the_o thing_n chief_o to_o be_v consider_v here_o be_v that_o very_o many_o foreign_a nation_n as_o well_o as_o the_o estate_n of_o england_n do_v in_o a_o libel_n or_o bill_n of_o complaint_n public_o exhibit_v in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o first_o and_o king_n philip_n the_o fair_a before_o a_o court_n of_o delegate_n special_o in_o that_o behalf_n by_o they_o appoint_v in_o express_a term_n acknowledge_v that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v ever_o be_v lord_n not_o only_o of_o this_o sea_n but_o also_o of_o the_o island_n place_v therein_o par_fw-fr raison_fw-fr du_fw-fr roialme_n d'_fw-fr d'angleterre_fw-fr upon_o the_o account_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n or_o as_o they_o be_v king_n of_o england_n which_o true_o be_v all_o one_o as_o in_o most_o express_a term_n to_o ascribe_v this_o whole_a sea_n unto_o they_o as_o far_o as_o the_o shore_n or_o port_n lie_v over_o against_o we_o but_o concern_v that_o libel_n i_o shall_v add_v more_o by_o and_o by_o nor_o be_v it_o to_o be_v omit_v that_o the_o addition_n of_o a_o shore_n large_a than_o that_o of_o picardy_n to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n happen_v first_o at_o that_o time_n wherein_o those_o isle_n be_v so_o retain_v by_o the_o english_a after_o they_o be_v out_v of_o normandy_n for_o before_o the_o shore_n of_o aquitain_n bretaign_n and_o normandy_n be_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o other_o prince_n that_o of_o aquitain_n and_o normandy_n be_v possess_v by_o the_o english_a and_o that_o of_o bretaign_n by_o the_o duke_n or_o earl_n of_o that_o country_n so_o that_o the_o french_a king_n have_v neither_o any_o shore_n almost_o nor_o any_o considerable_a use_n of_o sea-affair_n at_o that_o time_n by_o which_o mean_v also_o the_o english_a do_v with_o the_o more_o ease_n retain_v the_o aforesaid_a ancient_a possession_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o isle_n after_o they_o be_v deprive_v of_o the_o norman_a duchy_n and_o this_o sufficient_o appear_v also_o by_o that_o sea-fight_n perform_v between_o the_o french_a fleet_n command_v by_o eustachius_n the_o monk_n in_o the_o time_n of_o philip_n augustus_n king_n of_o france_n and_o the_o english_a fleet_n under_o the_o command_n of_o philip_n de_fw-fr albenie_fw-fr governor_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a island_n and_o john_n marshal_n who_o both_o careful_o guard_v the_o passage_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o french_a fleet_n of_o about_o 80_o sail_n be_v design_v to_o transport_v auxiliarie_n force_n out_o of_o france_n for_o lewis_n afterward_o the_o eight_o of_o that_o name_n that_o be_v king_n of_o france_n who_o through_o the_o treason_n of_o some_o conspirator_n make_v war_n upon_o the_o english_a king_n in_o england_n this_o of_o the_o french_a be_v assail_v by_o a_o english_a fleet_n of_o 40_o sail._n but_o cottonianâ_fw-la roger_n of_o wendover_n and_o matthew_n paris_n tell_v we_o that_o part_n of_o the_o french_a who_o have_v not_o be_v use_v to_o sea-fight_n be_v in_o a_o short_a time_n whole_o defeat_v observe_v here_o they_o say_v that_o hitherto_o the_o french_a be_v not_o accustom_v to_o fight_v by_o sea_n but_o of_o the_o english_a they_o say_v the_o english_a be_v warlike_a and_o skilled_a in_o sea-fight_n gall_v they_o with_o dart_n and_o arrow_n run_v they_o through_o with_o their_o lance_n do_v execution_n with_o their_o sword_n sink_v their_o ship_n and_o they_o with_o lime_n which_o they_o do_v by_o throw_v the_o powder_n of_o lime_n into_o the_o aër_fw-la so_o it_o may_v be_v drive_v by_o the_o wind_n into_o the_o french-men_n eye_n they_o be_v deprive_v also_o of_o all_o hope_n of_o relief_n and_o succour_n and_o know_v not_o which_o way_n to_o sly_a the_o english_a at_o that_o time_n time_n be_v expert_a in_o sea-fight_n do_v by_o this_o mean_n make_v good_a the_o possession_n of_o their_o sea_n and_o the_o isle_n also_o that_o be_v situate_a therein_o for_o even_o this_o fight_n relate_n to_o the_o second_o year_n of_o henry_n â—ondin_fw-fr the_o three_o or_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n mccxviii_o that_o be_v at_o the_o same_o time_n almost_o when_o the_o english_a be_v first_o deprive_v of_o normandy_n but_o as_o to_o that_o which_o be_v common_o say_v that_o these_o island_n first_o belong_v to_o the_o english_a norman_a privilegiis_fw-la right_a or_o by_o the_o right_n of_o the_o duchy_n of_o normandy_n it_o be_v as_o easy_o deny_v as_o affirm_v by_o any_o nor_o be_v there_o any_o weight_n in_o this_o reason_n that_o because_o those_o island_n have_v and_o ever_o have_v certain_a custom_n like_o the_o norman_a therefore_o they_o do_v belong_v to_o normandy_n for_o the_o norman_a custom_n be_v often_o use_v in_o england_n as_o the_o roman_a be_v sometime_o by_o other_o nation_n yet_o every_o man_n know_v this_o can_v be_v no_o ground_n for_o such_o a_o argument_n nor_o be_v it_o any_o more_o to_o the_o purpose_n that_o those_o island_n be_v within_o the_o diocese_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o constances_n in_o normandy_n until_o that_o in_o our_o grand-father_n day_n they_o become_v subject_a to_o the_o bishop_n of_o dorso_fw-la winchester_n their_o ecclesiastic_a government_n be_v a_o long_a time_n derive_v out_o of_o normandy_n with_o more_o convenience_n indeed_o because_o of_o the_o nearness_n of_o the_o place_n which_o begin_v as_o it_o be_v to_o be_v suppose_v in_o those_o day_n when_o the_o english_a possess_v the_o shore_n on_o both_o side_n but_o it_o do_v not_o follow_v thence_o that_o those_o island_n belong_v to_o the_o duchy_n of_o normandy_n any_o more_o than_o that_o the_o many_o priory_n heretofore_o in_o england_n who_o be_v of_o foreign_a jurisdiction_n in_o ecclesiastical_a matter_n do_v therefore_o belong_v to_o the_o dominion_n of_o foreign_a prince_n and_o not_o to_o that_o of_o the_o english_a king_n as_o king_n of_o england_n that_o be_v every_o jot_n as_o weak_a also_o which_o they_o use_v to_o allege_v about_o the_o norman_a language_n be_v in_o use_n among_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o those_o island_n the_o people_n of_o cornwâ—l_n in_o england_n have_v always_o use_v the_o welsh_a tongue_n at_o least_o with_o a_o little_a alteration_n in_o the_o dialect_n as_o the_o bretaigns_n do_v also_o in_o france_n in_o like_a manner_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o man_n use_v the_o irish_a tongue_n yet_o no_o man_n will_v conclude_v thence_o either_o that_o this_o paie_n obedience_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o lord_n or_o king_n of_o ireland_n or_o that_o the_o other_o be_v subject_a to_o their_o prince_n by_o any_o right_n of_o the_o welsh_a principality_n we_o know_v indeed_o that_o
our_o isle_n of_o gernesey_n jersey_n serk_n and_o aureney_n in_o the_o sea_n between_o easter_n and_o michaelmas_n be_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o those_o place_n acknowledge_v to_o belong_v unto_o we_o at_o a_o reasonable_a rate_n to_o be_v pay_v therefore_o and_o that_o the_o say_v fisherman_n be_v bind_v to_o carry_v all_o the_o fish_n by_o they_o take_v between_o the_o time_n aforesaid_a unto_o certain_a place_n in_o those_o isle_n appoint_v that_o the_o officer_n under_o our_o governor_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a isle_n may_v take_v thence_o for_o our_o use_n at_o what_o price_n they_o shall_v think_v fit_a and_o reasonable_a nor_o be_v that_o to_o be_v slight_v which_o we_o find_v in_o the_o chronicle_n of_o the_o abbey_n or_o monastery_n of_o teuxburie_n concern_v henry_n beauchamp_n duke_n of_o warwick_n who_o be_v invest_v by_o henry_n the_o sixth_o with_o the_o title_n and_o dignity_n of_o king_n not_o only_o of_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n but_o also_o of_o gernesey_n and_o jersey_n whereunto_o the_o other_o isle_n in_o this_o tract_n do_v in_o a_o civil_a sens_fw-fr belong_v the_o same_o thing_n be_v record_v of_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n by_o that_o learned_a man_n 430._o william_n camden_n and_o that_o out_o of_o the_o same_o book_n the_o cottonianâ_fw-la book_n itself_o speak_v after_o this_o manner_n but_o the_o noble_a lord_n henry_n duke_n of_o warwick_n and_o first_o earl_n of_o england_n lord_z le_z dispenser_n and_o de_fw-fr abergeveney_n king_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n and_o gardsey_n and_o jardsey_n lord_n also_o of_o the_o castle_n of_o bristol_n with_o the_o appurtenance_n thereunto_o belong_v die_v 3_o idus_fw-la junii_fw-la anno_fw-la dom._n 1446._o in_o the_o twenty_o second_o year_n of_o his_o age_n at_o the_o castle_n of_o hanley_n and_o be_v bury_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o choir_n at_o teuxburie_n and_o a_o little_a before_o it_o be_v say_v of_o the_o same_o man_n that_o he_o be_v crown_v king_n of_o wight_n by_o the_o king_n be_v own_o hand_n no_o express_a mention_n be_v make_v in_o that_o place_n of_o the_o other_o island_n but_o they_o reckon_v in_o the_o same_o condition_n with_o this_o as_o they_o be_v part_n of_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n but_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v believe_v that_o those_o isle_n which_o lie_v before_o the_o shore_n of_o normandy_n have_v be_v so_o turn_v into_o a_o kingdom_n though_o subject_a to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n unless_o even_o they_o also_o who_o make_v they_o a_o kingdom_n have_v conceive_v that_o they_o possess_v they_o before_o by_o a_o title_n superior_a to_o that_o of_o the_o duchy_n that_o be_v to_o say_v by_o a_o kingly_a title_n as_o king_n richard_n the_o second_o when_o he_o have_v determine_v that_o robert_n earl_n of_o oxford_n who_o also_o be_v marquis_n of_o dublin_n and_o duke_n of_o ireland_n shall_v be_v creât_v londin_n king_n of_o ireland_n questionless_a do_v not_o doubt_v but_o that_o he_o himself_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n possess_v that_o island_n by_o no_o less_o a_o title_n and_o dignity_n than_o of_o king_n although_o the_o name_n of_o lord_n be_v whole_o use_v there_o at_o that_o time_n 1._o in_o stead_n of_o king_n as_o also_o until_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o eight_o so_o it_o be_v conceive_v upon_o good_a ground_n that_o those_o isle_n and_o the_o sea_n lie_v about_o they_o do_v though_o they_o use_v different_a custom_n constitute_v one_o entire_a body_n of_o empire_n with_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n whereunto_o also_o that_o special_a privilege_n of_o they_o do_v relate_v whereby_o through_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n they_o enjoie_v the_o benefit_n of_o freedom_n from_o hostility_n by_o sea_n though_o there_o be_v a_o war_n on_o foot_n between_o the_o neighbor-nation_n round_o about_o but_o of_o this_o more_o 22._o hereafter_o and_o in_o their_o court-record_n which_o contain_v the_o act_n or_o decree_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a justice_n itinerant_a we_o very_o often_o find_v plea_n of_o the_o crown_n which_o phrase_n be_v a_o evidence_n of_o the_o english_a government_n also_o in_o londin_n their_o trial_n those_o form_n in_o contempt_n of_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n his_o crown_n and_o dignity_n and_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n be_v seize_v of_o the_o aforescid_a advousen_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n as_o of_o his_o fee_n and_o in_o right_a of_o his_o crown_n and_o other_o not_o a_o few_o of_o that_o kind_n we_o meet_v with_o which_o savour_v not_o of_o any_o right_n of_o the_o duchy_n add_v moreover_o that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n so_o hold_v the_o right_n heretofore_o not_o only_o of_o the_o isle_n over_o against_o the_o shore_n of_o normandy_n but_o of_o those_o also_o which_o be_v opposite_a to_o aquitain_n as_o a_o pledge_n or_o concomitant_a of_o his_o possession_n of_o that_o sea_n so_o far_o as_o it_o belong_v to_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n that_o though_o our_o henry_n the_o three_o renounce_v his_o claim_n to_o no_o small_a part_n of_o aquitain_n yet_o that_o isle_n lie_v before_o it_o call_v oleron_n no_o less_o famous_a in_o the_o west_n for_o chapter_n naval_a law_n than_o rhodes_n be_v of_o old_a he_o grant_v to_o his_o elder_a son_n edward_n to_o be_v hold_v in_o time_n to_o come_v as_o a_o perpetual_a appendant_a of_o the_o english_a crown_n for_o this_o claus_n be_v add_v to_o the_o grant_v so_o scaccarii_fw-la that_o the_o say_a isle_n may_v always_o remain_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n and_o never_o be_v alienate_v from_o the_o same_o also_o in_o his_o letter_n grant_v to_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o oleron_n he_o say_v 3_o we_o will_v not_o in_o any_o wise_a sever_v you_o from_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n some_o year_n before_o also_o he_o in_o like_a manner_n make_v a_o grant_n of_o 66._o gascoign_n or_o those_o part_n which_o lie_v upon_o the_o shore_n of_o aquitain_n near_o the_o sea_n to_o prince_n edward_n upon_o condition_n it_o shall_v remain_v entire_o and_o for_o ever_o to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n so_o without_o doubt_v his_o intent_n be_v that_o both_o the_o seacoast_n and_o this_o isle_n shall_v in_o a_o special_a manner_n be_v possess_v by_o the_o say_a prince_n but_o by_o no_o mean_n be_v disjoin_v from_o the_o english_a empire_n any_o more_o than_o the_o sea_n its_o self_n which_o wash_v their_o shore_n and_o although_o after_o a_o while_n both_o this_o and_o some_o other_o neighbour_a isle_n do_v many_o age_n since_o for_o divers_a reason_n follow_v the_o fate_n of_o those_o french_a shore_n which_o lie_v next_o to_o they_o yet_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n remain_v entire_a as_o it_o do_v before_o to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o it_o sufficient_o appear_v by_o those_o other_o passage_n which_o we_o have_v show_v the_o dominion_n and_o possession_n of_o the_o sea_n assert_v on_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n from_o that_o leave_v of_o praeter-navigation_n or_o passage_n which_o have_v be_v usual_o either_o grant_v by_o they_o to_o foreiner_n or_o desire_v from_o they_o chap._n xx._n those_o thing_n which_o we_o have_v hitherto_o allege_v concern_v this_o possession_n and_o dominion_n be_v confirm_v by_o several_a passport_n that_o have_v be_v obtain_v from_o the_o king_n of_o england_n for_o leave_v to_o pass_v through_o this_o sea_n whereof_o we_o have_v clear_a testimony_n in_o record_n that_o be_v to_o say_v grant_v at_o the_o entreaty_n of_o foreiner_n our_o henry_n the_o 5._o four_o grant_v leave_v to_o ferrando_n urtis_n de_fw-fr sarachione_n a_o spaniard_n to_o fail_v free_o from_o the_o port_n of_o london_n through_o our_o kingdom_n dominion_n and_o jurisdiction_n to_o the_o town_n of_o rochel_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o in_o this_o place_n our_o dominion_n and_o jurisdiction_n do_v relate_v to_o the_o sea_n flow_v between_o and_o when_o charles_n the_o sixth_o king_n of_o france_n send_v ambassador_n to_o robert_n the_o three_o king_n of_o scot_n to_o treat_v about_o the_o make_n of_o a_o league_n they_o upon_o request_n make_v to_o the_o same_o henry_n obtain_v passport_n for_o their_o safe_a passage_n par_fw-fr touz_v 14._o noz_fw-fr povoirs_fw-fr destrois_fw-fr &_o signory_n par_fw-fr mer_n &_o par_fw-fr terre_fw-fr that_o be_v through_o all_o place_n under_o our_o power_n territory_n and_o dominion_n as_o well_o by_o sea_n as_o by_o land_n there_o be_v innumerable_a other_o letter_n of_o passport_n call_v safe_a conduct_n in_o the_o record_n especial_o of_o henry_n the_o five_o and_o sixth_o whereby_o safe_a port_n and_o passage_n be_v usual_o grant_v as_o well_o by_o sea_n as_o by_o land_n and_o rivers_n that_o be_v to_o say_v throughout_o the_o whole_a dominion_n of_o he_o that_o make_v the_o grant_n and_o it_o be_v
he_o out_o of_o the_o catalogue_n of_o the_o admiral_n of_o france_n yet_o 2._o joannes_n tilius_fw-la place_v he_o among_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o french_a navy_n call_v he_o roverius_n grimaldus_n he_o also_o be_v that_o admiral_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n who_o as_o joannes_n de_fw-fr 93._o beka_n say_v have_v command_v of_o three_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o galley_n that_o be_v send_v by_o philip_n the_o fair_a in_o the_o year_n mccciv_o to_o aid_v the_o hollander_n against_o the_o fleming_n there_o be_v also_o several_a particular_n in_o the_o record_n of_o france_n which_o relate_v to_o the_o difference_n then_o on_o foot_n between_o the_o english_a and_o french_a and_o although_o that_o libel_n or_o any_o copy_n of_o it_o be_v not_o find_v therein_o if_o we_o may_v credit_v tilius_fw-la who_o set_v forth_o a_o catalogue_n of_o that_o kind_n of_o record_n yet_o there_o be_v that_o commission_n among_o they_o whereby_o the_o aforesaid_a auditor_n or_o commissioner_n be_v authorize_v to_o determine_v of_o thing_n do_v contrary_a to_o the_o league_n it_o be_v describe_v by_o 40._o tilius_fw-la after_o this_o manner_n pouvoir_fw-fr donè_fw-la par_fw-fr le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr edovard_n à _fw-fr deux_fw-fr nommez_fw-fr &_o accordez_fw-fr de_fw-fr sa_fw-fr part_n pour_fw-fr avec_fw-fr les_fw-fr deux_fw-fr eleuz_fw-fr de_fw-fr la_fw-fr part_n du_fw-fr dit_fw-fr roy_fw-fr phelippe_n d'_fw-fr enquerir_fw-fr &_o amendir_fw-fr les_fw-fr forfaicte_v durant_fw-mi lour_v trefue_a le_fw-fr dernier_fw-fr juin_n mccciii_o ou_fw-fr tresor_fw-la layette_fw-fr procurationes_fw-la posse_fw-la &_o potestates_fw-la angliae_fw-la k._n power_n be_v give_v by_o king_n edward_n to_o two_o person_n name_v and_o appoint_v on_o his_o part_n to_o meet_v with_o two_o person_n choose_v on_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o say_a king_n philip_n to_o make_v enquiry_n and_o give_v remedy_n touch_v injury_n commit_v during_o the_o truce_n betwixt_o they_o the_o last_o of_o june_n mccciii_o in_o the_o treasury_n in_o the_o box_n entitle_v procurationes_fw-la posse_fw-la &_o potestateâ—s_fw-la angliae_fw-la k._n the_o commission_n bear_v date_n the_o same_o day_n and_o year_n whereby_o these_o auditor_n or_o commissioner_n be_v appoint_v for_o this_o purpose_n as_o we_o observe_v before_o out_o of_o our_o own_o record_n nor_o be_v it_o of_o any_o force_n here_o to_o the_o contrary_a that_o commissioner_n be_v sometime_o etc._n depute_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n by_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o shore_n on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o also_o by_o the_o aforesaid_a king_n to_o determine_v complaint_n about_o robbery_n and_o other_o injury_n usual_o do_v by_o private_a person_n to_o one_o another_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n for_o if_o any_o one_o will_v collect_v thence_o that_o the_o prince_n which_o depute_v they_o have_v both_o a_o equal_a right_n in_o the_o sea_n it_o may_v as_o well_o be_v conclude_v upon_o the_o same_o ground_n that_o they_o be_v but_o part-owner_n of_o their_o own_o country_n and_o have_v a_o equal_a interest_n in_o each_o other_o be_v land_n beside_o in_o such_o a_o kind_n of_o deputation_n as_o that_o there_o be_v more_o regard_n have_v of_o the_o person_n offend_v that_o be_v to_o be_v try_v than_o of_o the_o dominion_n of_o territory_n which_o true_o be_v whole_o to_o be_v discover_v some_o other_o way_n a_o recognition_n or_o acknowledgement_n of_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n make_v by_o the_o fleming_n in_o a_o embassy_n to_o edward_n the_o second_o chap._n xxix_o to_o these_o let_v we_o add_v now_o the_o assent_n and_o voluntary_a acknowledgement_n of_o the_o fleming_n in_o the_o parliament_n of_o england_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o second_o when_o as_o the_o ambassador_n of_o robert_n earl_n of_o flanders_n complain_v of_o the_o take_n of_o their_o good_n away_o at_o sea_n implore_v remedy_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n they_o say_v more_o than_o once_o that_o they_o be_v take_v upon_o the_o english_a sea_n towards_o the_o part_n about_o crauden_n within_o the_o power_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o bring_v into_o england_n but_o that_o it_o appertain_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n to_o take_v cognisance_n of_o the_o crime_n for_o that_o he_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o say_a sea_n and_o the_o aforesaid_a depredation_n be_v commit_v upon_o the_o aforesaid_a sea_n within_o his_o territory_n and_o jurisdiction_n which_o be_v the_o word_n of_o the_o record_n but_o i_o shall_v set_v down_o the_o dorso_fw-la whole_a so_o far_o as_o it_o relate_n to_o this_o business_n memorandum_n that_o whereas_o for_o the_o reformation_n of_o certain_a injury_n in_o a_o amicable_a way_n do_v by_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o flanders_n to_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n and_o by_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o say_a kingdom_n to_o those_o of_o flanders_n since_o the_o time_n that_o our_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n undertake_v the_o government_n of_o his_o kingdom_n several_a treaty_n have_v be_v hold_v between_o the_o council_n of_o our_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n and_o the_o ambassador_n of_o the_o say_a earl_n often_o send_v into_o england_n upon_o the_o aforesaid_a occasion_n which_o treaty_n by_o reason_n of_o some_o impediment_n that_o happen_v do_v not_o aâ—tem_v the_o desire_a effect_n at_o length_n in_o the_o parliament_n of_o our_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n hold_v at_o westminster_n in_o ocâ—abis_fw-la sancti_fw-la michaâ—lis_fw-la in_o the_o fourteen_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n there_o appear_v certain_a ambassador_n of_o the_o say_a earl_n to_o treat_v about_o reform_v the_o aforesaid_a injury_n in_o the_o form_n aforesaid_a and_o when_o as_o the_o say_a ambassador_n have_v be_v admit_v by_o our_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n to_o treat_v anew_o of_o this_o kind_n of_o injury_n these_o ambassador_n as_o other_o ambassador_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a earl_n in_o the_o aforesaid_a treaty_n do_v among_o other_o particular_n that_o they_o require_v before_o all_o thing_n make_v supplication_n that_o the_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n will_v at_o his_o own_o sâ—â—t_n by_o virtue_n of_o his_o royal_a authority_n cause_n enquiry_n to_o be_v maâ—â—_n and_o do_v justice_n about_o a_o certain_a depredation_n laâ—ely_o make_v by_o the_o subject_n of_o england_n as_o they_o say_v upon_o the_o english_a sea_n of_o wine_n and_o divers_a other_o merchandise_n belong_v to_o certain_a man_n of_o flanders_n towards_o the_o part_n about_o crauden_n within_o the_o territory_n and_o jurisdiction_n of_o our_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n allege_v that_o the_o aforesaid_a wine_n and_o merchandises_n take_v from_o the_o say_a fleming_n be_v bring_v within_o the_o râ—â—â—m_n and_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n and_o that_o it_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n himself_o so_o to_o do_v for_o that_o he_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o say_a sea_n and_o the_o aforesaid_a depredation_n be_v make_v upon_o the_o say_a sea_n within_o his_o territory_n and_o jurisdiction_n in_o conclusion_n after_o diligent_a consideration_n have_v of_o the_o premise_n in_o the_o same_o parliament_n with_o the_o prelate_n earl_n baron_n and_o other_o peer_n of_o the_o say_a realm_n be_v there_o present_a it_o be_v conclude_v upon_o their_o advice_n by_o the_o say_a lord_n king_n that_o to_o preserv_v the_o benefit_n of_o peace_n between_o the_o subject_n of_o england_n and_o â—landers_n the_o say_a lord_n king_n do_v by_o his_o royal_a authority_n cause_n enquiry_n to_o be_v make_v about_o the_o good_n take_v at_o that_o time_n upon_o the_o aforesaid_a english_a sea_n towards_o the_o say_a place_n of_o crauden_n and_o bring_v within_o the_o say_a realm_n in_o those_o place_n where_o the_o malefactor_n go_v with_o the_o good_n so_o take_v to_o the_o say_a land_n of_o england_n and_o cause_v the_o same_o depredation_n to_o be_v hear_v and_o determine_v according_a to_o law_n and_o reason_n and_o that_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o ship_n who_o have_v a_o hand_n in_o the_o say_a depredation_n and_o other_o who_o know_o receive_v the_o say_v offender_n with_o the_o good_n so_o take_v in_o whole_a or_o in_o part_n may_v be_v charge_v and_o punish_v thereupon_o as_o partaker_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a depredation_n so_o far_o that_o record_n and_o commissioner_n be_v appoint_v with_o power_n of_o jurisdiction_n by_o the_o king_n commission_n through_o most_o of_o the_o maritime_a county_n to_o make_v reparation_n of_o damage_n but_o because_o there_o be_v upon_o the_o shore_n over_o against_o we_o especial_o those_o of_o zealand_n and_o there_o be_v also_o upon_o other_o neighbour_a shore_n beside_o inlet_n of_o river_n very_o many_o wind_n and_o turn_n of_o the_o sea_n flow_v in_o whereby_o the_o land_n be_v so_o interweave_v up_o and_o down_o that_o it_o can_v well_o be_v but_o that_o the_o sea_n also_o which_o flow'_v in_o and_o oftentimes_o remove_n bank_n and_o make_v harbour_n there_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n almost_o
before_o be_v make_v commander_n of_o the_o fleet_n and_o he_o be_v the_o first_o for_o aught_o we_o know_v that_o be_v create_v in_o this_o manner_n but_o in_o the_o next_o form_n of_o commission_n the_o name_n of_o picardy_n be_v leave_v out_o so_o indeed_o in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o henry_n the_o six_o or_o anno_fw-la dom._n mcdxxvi_o john_n duke_n of_o bedford_n be_v by_o commission_n julii_n make_v admiral_n of_o england_n ireland_n and_o aquitain_n that_o form_n continue_v about_o 88_o year_n or_o throughout_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n vi_o edward_n iv_o richard_n iii_o henry_n vii_o and_o the_o three_o first_o year_n of_o henry_n viii_o and_o about_o that_o time_n ten_o other_o be_v in_o like_a manner_n make_v admiral_n for_o the_o most_o part_n perpetual_a of_o england_n ireland_n and_o aquitain_n the_o last_o of_o which_o be_v john_n earl_n of_o oxon_n who_o be_v commissionated_a in_o that_o 1._o form_n in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o henry_n the_o eight_o but_o there_o follow_v another_o alteration_n or_o addition_n of_o title_n in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o that_o king_n anno_fw-la dom._n mdxiii_o at_o that_o time_n sir_n edward_n howard_n knight_n son_n of_o thomas_n earl_n of_o suâ—â—ie_n afterward_o duke_n of_o norfolk_n be_v make_v 15._o admiral_n of_o england_n wales_n ireland_n normandy_n gascoign_n and_o aquaitain_n to_o which_o word_n 16._o calais_n and_o the_o march_n thereof_o be_v add_v in_o the_o commission_n of_o william_n fitzwilliams_n who_o also_o be_v earl_n of_o southampton_n be_v appoint_v admiral_n in_o the_o twenty_o eight_o year_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o this_o form_n of_o commission_n hold_v in_o use_n afterward_o through_o the_o whole_a reign_n of_o that_o henry_n add_v according_a to_o ancient_a custom_n the_o clause_n touch_v jurisdiction_n but_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o edward_n the_o sixth_o thomas_n baron_fw-fr seymour_n of_o sudeley_n brother_n to_o edward_n duke_n of_o somerset_n be_v make_v admiral_n 9_o almost_o in_o the_o same_o word_n as_o that_o william_n earl_n of_o southampton_n insert_v after_o the_o name_n of_o calais_n boloign_n and_o the_o march_n of_o the_o same_o after_z him_z followed_z john_n earl_n of_o warwick_n who_o be_v create_v by_o edward_n the_o sixth_o in_o the_o three_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n 28._o our_o admiral_n of_o england_n ireland_n wales_n calais_n and_o boloign_v and_o our_o march_n of_o the_o same_o of_o normandy_n gascoign_n and_o aquitain_n as_o also_o governor_n general_a over_o all_o our_o fleet_n and_o sea_n and_o in_o the_o same_o commission_n he_o be_v style_v afterward_o great_a admiral_n of_o england_n and_o governor_n of_o our_o fleet_n and_o sea_n but_o after_o a_o while_n the_o name_n of_o boloign_n be_v omit_v the_o next_o high_a admiral_n of_o england_n be_v create_v in_o the_o very_a same_o form_n of_o word_n as_o be_v mention_v before_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o chapter_n for_o in_o the_o same_o 3._o form_n be_v william_n baron_n howard_n of_o effingham_n son_n of_o thomas_n duke_n of_o norfolk_n make_v admiral_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o queen_n marie_n or_o anno_fw-la dom._n mdliii_o and_o the_o command_n or_o government_n of_o those_o sea_n as_o the_o principal_a charge_n of_o that_o office_n or_o dignity_n be_v more_o notable_o express_v there_o as_o you_o may_v see_v than_o in_o the_o commission_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o warwick_n from_o that_o time_n forward_o the_o very_a same_o form_n be_v keep_v always_o as_o in_o the_o commission_n of_o the_o high_a admiralship_n grant_v to_o edward_n baron_fw-fr clinton_n afterward_o earl_n of_o lincoln_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o 10._o philip_n and_o marie_n also_o in_o the_o commission_n of_o charles_n baron_n of_o effingham_n afterward_o earl_n of_o nottingham_n in_o the_o time_n of_o q._n julii_n elizabeth_n and_o of_o charles_n duke_n of_o york_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n 27._o james_n beside_o george_n duke_n of_o buckingham_n who_o enjoy_v the_o same_o office_n or_o command_n in_o the_o same_o word_n in_o the_o reign_v of_o 17._o james_n and_o charles_n so_o that_o for_o above_o eighty_o year_n or_o thereabouts_o that_o be_v from_o the_o begin_n of_o q._n marie_n the_o whole_a form_n as_o it_o be_v set_v down_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o chapter_n be_v ever_o express_o retain_v in_o the_o commission_n of_o the_o high_a admiralship_n of_o england_n so_o far_o as_o they_o denote_v either_o the_o country_n or_o the_o sea_n or_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o same_o but_o therein_o the_o admiral_n be_v style_v governor_n general_n over_o all_o our_o fleet_n and_o sea_n just_a as_o john_n earl_n of_o warwick_n be_v likewise_o express_o appoint_v in_o general_a term_n under_o edward_n the_o sixth_o or_o over_o our_o sea_n aforesaid_a but_o what_o be_v those_o sea_n or_o the_o sea_n aforesaid_a they_o be_v in_o the_o foregoing_a word_n express_o call_v the_o sea_n of_o our_o say_a kingdom_n of_o england_n and_o ireland_n our_o dominion_n and_o island_n of_o the_o same_o that_o be_v in_o plain_a term_n mer_n d'_fw-fr engleterre_fw-fr d'_fw-fr ireland_n &_o gale_n or_o the_o sea_n of_o england_n ireland_n and_o wales_n after_o which_o manner_n the_o sea_n belong_v to_o the_o dominion_n of_o england_n be_v sometime_o also_o describe_v in_o 11._o our_o law_n which_o be_v call_v likewise_o now_o and_o then_o by_o 6._o our_o lawyer_n les_fw-fr quatre_fw-fr miers_n d'engleterre_fw-fr or_o the_o four_o sea_n of_o england_n divide_v according_a to_o the_o four_o quarter_n of_o the_o world_n so_o that_o in_o the_o most_o receive_a form_n of_o this_o commission_n after_o the_o begin_n of_o queen_n mary_n reign_n out_o of_o which_o also_o the_o sens_fw-fr and_o mean_v of_o former_a commission_n be_v to_o be_v collect_v we_o have_v a_o continual_a possession_n or_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n by_o sea_n point_v out_o in_o express_a word_n for_o very_a many_o year_n and_o what_o we_o have_v already_o speak_v by_o way_n of_o collection_n out_o of_o these_o that_o follow_v the_o beginning_n of_o marry_o touch_v the_o since_o or_o mean_v of_o former_a commission_n wherein_o a_o positive_a command_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o express_v be_v true_o to_o omit_v the_o thing_n itself_o which_o sufficient_o intimate_n as_o much_o of_o its_o own_o nature_n not_o a_o little_a confirm_v upon_o this_o ground_n that_o he_o also_o who_o before_o any_o express_a mention_n of_o our_o sea_n take_v place_n in_o the_o form_n of_o the_o commission_n of_o the_o high_a admiralship_n be_v next_o prefer_v to_o the_o same_o dignity_n be_v immediate_o after_o his_o creâtion_n according_a to_o the_o whole_a title_n of_o his_o office_n as_o be_v the_o same_o title_n which_o indeed_o always_o belong_v to_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n style_v great_a admiral_n of_o 30._o england_n and_z governor_z general_n of_o the_o navy_n and_o our_o sea_n so_o very_o thomas_n baron_n seymour_n who_o i_o mention_v before_o be_v style_v admiral_n of_o england_n in_o the_o patent_n roll_v grant_v to_o he_o by_o edward_n the_o sixth_o it_o be_v prove_v by_o word_n plain_a enough_o in_o the_o form_n of_o the_o commission_n for_o the_o government_n or_o command_n of_o the_o high_a admiral_n of_o england_n from_o ancient_a to_o the_o present_a time_n that_o the_o sea_n for_o who_o guard_n or_o defence_n he_o be_v appoint_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o lord_n and_o sovereign_n be_v ever_o bound_v towards_o the_o south_n by_o the_o shore_n of_o aquitain_n normandy_n and_o picardy_n chap._n xvii_o but_o in_o the_o form_n already_o show_v which_o have_v continue_v in_o use_n for_o so_o many_o year_n you_o see_v mention_n be_v make_v only_o of_o the_o sea_n of_o our_o kingdom_n of_o england_n and_o ireland_n our_o dominion_n and_o island_n belong_v to_o the_o same_o as_o the_o province_n for_o who_o guard_n or_o defence_n the_o admiral_n be_v appoint_v that_o be_v as_o we_o have_v tell_v you_o the_o english_a irish_a and_o welsh_a sea_n all_o which_o be_v contain_v under_o the_o name_n of_o the_o british_a as_o it_o have_v be_v obseruéd_v at_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o book_n yet_o the_o name_n of_o normandy_n gascoign_n and_o aquitain_n beside_o calais_n be_v add_v which_o be_v province_n seat_v upon_o the_o shore_n over_o against_o we_o as_o to_o what_o concern_v they_o in_o this_o place_n they_o be_v either_o to_o be_v consider_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v always_o hold_v in_o subjection_n by_o the_o english_a from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o first_o mention_n of_o they_o in_o the_o commission_n or_o as_o they_o have_v already_o for_o some_o age_n pass_v be_v out_o of_o their_o jurisdiction_n but_o suppose_v in_o the_o first_o place_n that_o they_o have_v always_o remain_v in_o the_o jurisdiction_n and_o possession_n of_o the_o english_a questionless_a
oppose_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n by_o sea_n chap._n xviii_o that_o there_o be_v admiral_n also_o constitute_v by_o the_o french_a king_n upon_o the_o opposite_a shore_n of_o france_n be_v know_v to_o every_o man_n and_o as_o there_o be_v a_o admiral_n appoint_v in_o gallia_n narbonensis_n to_o oversee_v maritime_a affair_n there_o so_o also_o on_o the_o opposite_a shore_n there_o be_v distinct_a office_n of_o the_o admiral_n of_o aquitain_n bretaign_n and_o normandy_n and_o the_o adjoin_a coast_n but_o the_o french_a lawyer_n of_o late_a be_v wont_a to_o call_v their_o admiral_n in_o latin_a praefectus_fw-la maris_fw-la governor_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o if_o the_o sea_n be_v subject_a to_o he_o also_o as_o a_o governor_n whereas_o notwithstanding_o if_o the_o thing_n be_v right_o consider_v that_o government_n of_o the_o sea_n by_o what_o name_n soëver_o it_o be_v call_v do_v not_o signify_v as_o among_o the_o english_a any_o dominion_n of_o one_o have_v command_n in_o any_o near_a part_n of_o the_o sea_n for_o we_o speak_v not_o of_o the_o sea_n of_o marseille_n which_o have_v no_o relation_n hereunto_o but_o only_o of_o their_o naval_a force_n in_o any_o sea_n whatsoëver_o together_o with_o the_o government_n of_o the_o seaman_n and_o jurisdiction_n over_o their_o person_n and_o moveable_n which_o may_v fall_v under_o the_o determination_n of_o a_o judge_n pour_fw-fr raison_fw-fr ou_fw-fr occasion_n as_o they_o 2._o say_v the_o faict_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mer_fw-fr that_o be_v by_o reason_n or_o upon_o occasion_n of_o any_o suit_n or_o controversy_n arise_v about_o sea-affair_n for_o the_o more_o plain_a understanding_n whereof_o we_o must_v make_v far_a enquiry_n in_o the_o more_o ancient_a time_n there_o be_v indeed_o admiral_n or_o governor_n of_o sea_n affair_n among_o the_o french_a yet_o so_o that_o their_o writer_n do_v not_o a_o little_a differ_v about_o the_o original_n of_o the_o dignity_n they_o for_o the_o most_o part_n say_v that_o rotlandus_n be_v find_v to_o have_v be_v governor_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o aremorica_n or_o alii_fw-la bretaign_v under_o charlemaign_n who_o they_o fetch_v out_o of_o eginhartus_n who_o write_v the_o life_n of_o charles_n at_o that_o time_n but_o in_o eginhartus_fw-la he_o be_v express_o call_v governor_n not_o of_o the_o british_a sea_n but_o only_o of_o the_o shore_n of_o britaign_n as_o we_o tell_v you_o in_o the_o 18._o former_a book_n in_o which_o name_n there_o be_v a_o description_n not_o of_o one_o that_o govern_n the_o sea_n as_o a_o province_n but_o who_o command_n be_v the_o shore_n as_o the_o limit_n of_o his_o dignity_n that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o the_o same_o kind_n as_o those_o count_n or_o officer_n be_v who_o be_v 4._o depute_v in_o that_o age_n to_o guard_v the_o sea_n coast_n and_o secure_v it_o from_o the_o incursion_n of_o enemy_n by_o sea_n there_o be_v also_o a_o 22._o nameless_a author_n of_o a_o chronicle_n belong_v to_o a_o monastery_n call_v monasterium_fw-la besuense_a who_o write_v that_o this_o guard_n of_o the_o shore_n under_o the_o caroline_n king_n be_v give_v over_o a_o little_a after_o the_o time_n of_o charlemaign_n but_o in_o the_o follow_a age_n the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n be_v divide_v as_o it_o whereby_o piece-meal_n into_o several_a principalite_n that_o which_o a_o long_o retain_v this_o name_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n be_v reduce_v into_o so_o narrow_a a_o compass_n that_o the_o province_n of_o narbon_n be_v hold_v by_o sovereign_a earl_n of_o its_o own_o aquitain_n or_o the_o western_a shore_n which_o lie_v more_o southerly_a with_o normandy_n by_o the_o english_a bretaign_a either_o by_o king_n or_o duke_n of_o the_o same_o and_o flanders_n by_o earl_n so_o that_o whilst_o the_o whole_a sea-coast_n except_o picardy_n remain_v separate_v from_o that_o kingdom_n there_o be_v sea_n little_a enough_o lie_v before_o it_o yea_o and_o the_o naval_a force_n be_v small_a enough_o of_o which_o before_o the_o accession_n of_o a_o large_a sea-coast_n to_o the_o french_a kingdom_n there_o be_v most_o use_v in_o the_o expedition_n of_o the_o holy_a war._n nor_o be_v any_o other_o governor_n wont_a to_o be_v appoint_v there_o by_o the_o name_n of_o admiral_n than_o he_o who_o as_o occasion_v require_v be_v put_v in_o command_n over_o the_o navy_n and_o military_a affair_n by_o sea_n yea_o and_o be_v borrow_v from_o some_o nation_n border_v upon_o the_o sea_n as_o the_o genoeses_n or_o other_o of_o that_o kind_n but_o the_o king_n themselves_o have_v at_o that_o time_n no_o command_n over_o the_o sea_n as_o it_o be_v express_o write_v by_o johannes_n tilius_fw-la a_o clerk_n of_o the_o parliament_n of_o paris_n his_o word_n be_v these_o 90._o after_o that_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n be_v lessen_v by_o division_n and_o the_o king_n confine_v to_o more_o narrow_a dominion_n because_o they_o have_v potent_a vassal_n who_o enjoy_v feud_n with_o absolute_a sovereignty_n if_o you_o except_o their_o homage_n for_o the_o king_n of_o england_n hold_v the_o dutchy_n of_o normandy_n and_o aquitain_n britain_n have_v a_o duke_n of_o its_o own_o and_o slander_n tholouse_n and_o provence_n have_v their_o earl_n the_o king_n of_o france_n for_o a_o long_a time_n have_v no_o command_n over_o the_o sea_n and_o therefore_o have_v no_o need_n of_o admiral_n until_o they_o undertake_v the_o expedition_n for_o the_o holy_a land_n at_o which_o time_n they_o make_v use_v of_o genoeses_n who_o they_o hire_v with_o spaniard_n or_o other_o of_o their_o neighbour_n that_o be_v well_o skilled_a in_o sea-affair_n to_o under-take_a the_o care_n of_o transportation_n have_v no_o office_n appoint_v for_o that_o purpose_n and_o by_o this_o mean_v they_o have_v many_o admiral_n in_o one_o single_a expedition_n but_o after_o that_o the_o english_a have_v quit_v normandy_n and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n have_v get_v ground_n upon_o the_o sea-coast_n the_o use_n of_o sea-affair_n also_o be_v somewhat_o augment_v that_o be_v to_o say_v about_o the_o time_n of_o john_n and_o henry_n the_o three_o king_n of_o england_n so_o that_o the_o first_o admiral_n that_o they_o reckon_v in_o the_o catalogue_n of_o french_a dignity_n of_o who_o any_o memory_n be_v leave_v to_o posterity_n be_v enguerandus_fw-la coucaeus_n in_o the_o time_n of_o philip_n the_o bold_a king_n of_o france_n or_o about_o the_o year_n 1280_o as_o it_o be_v relate_v by_o joannes_n feronius_n and_o what_o kind_n of_o dignity_n his_o be_v appear_v sufficient_o thence_o that_o his_o next_o successor_n matthew_n momorancie_n and_o john_n harcourt_n be_v only_o upon_o a_o particular_a occasion_n put_v in_o command_n over_o the_o sea-force_n by_o philip_n the_o fair_a as_o we_o 183._o understand_v by_o their_o commission_n yea_o and_o they_o be_v mention_v by_o william_n de_fw-fr nangis_n by_o the_o title_n of_o admiral_n as_o other_o also_o be_v by_o hollandiae_fw-la joannes_n de_fw-fr beka_n in_o the_o time_n of_o philip_n the_o fair_a although_o 14._o joannes_n tilius_fw-la reckon's_n amaurius_n viscount_n of_o narbonne_n to_o be_v the_o first_o that_o bear_v the_o dignity_n of_o admiral_n in_o france_n as_o a_o constant_a settle_a office_n over_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o sea_n to_o wit_n in_o the_o time_n of_o john_n and_o charles_n the_o five_o king_n of_o france_n that_o be_v about_o the_o year_n 1300_o while_o france_n other_o be_v too_o busy_a in_o sum_v up_o divers_a other_o particular_n touch_v the_o antiquity_n of_o this_o command_n among_o the_o french_a afterward_o aquitain_n be_v add_v to_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n in_o the_o year_n 1453._o henry_n the_o sixth_o of_o england_n be_v drive_v out_o but_o in_o the_o year_n 1481._o the_o province_n of_o narbonne_n in_o the_o year_n 1491._o the_o duchy_n of_o bretaign_n and_o last_o in_o the_o space_n of_o some_o year_n all_o that_o the_o english_a hold_v in_o picardy_n be_v add_v also_o so_o all_o the_o sea-coast_n except_o belgium_n return_v into_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n hereupon_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o four_o sea-government_n or_o admiralship_n be_v afterward_o in_o use_n therein_o notwithstanding_o that_o sometime_o one_o and_o the_o same_o person_n hold_v several_a together_o but_o of_o these_o the_o government_n that_o belong_v to_o the_o shore_n of_o normandy_n and_o picardy_n be_v at_o this_o day_n usual_o call_v the_o admiralship_n of_o france_n because_o before_o that_o the_o province_n of_o narbonne_n aquitain_n and_o bretaigne_n be_v annex_v to_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o crown_n the_o only_a maritime_a government_n in_o the_o realm_n of_o france_n be_v that_o of_o picardy_n whereto_o normandy_n be_v add_v afterward_o as_o the_o next_o province_n the_o other_o three_o be_v denominate_v from_o their_o respective_a province_n the_o whole_a matter_n be_v very_o well_o set_v forth_o by_o renatus_n choppinus_n
worthy_a of_o observation_n that_o this_o kind_n of_o letter_n be_v usual_o superscribe_v and_o direct_v by_o our_o king_n to_o their_o governor_n of_o the_o sea_n admiral_n vice-admirals_n sea-captain_n to_o wit_n the_o commander_n appoint_v by_o the_o king_n to_o take_v care_n of_o his_o territory_n by_o sea_n whereas_o notwithstanding_o we_o find_v no_o mention_n at_o all_o of_o any_o such_o commander_n in_o those_o passport_n of_o that_o kind_n which_o be_v grant_v heretofore_o by_o the_o french_a king_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n when_o he_o be_v to_o cross_v over_o into_o france_n letter_n of_o that_o kind_n be_v give_v to_o our_o edward_n the_o second_o by_o king_n philip_n the_o long_a superscribe_v only_o thus_o dorso_fw-la phelip_n par_fw-fr la_fw-fr grace_n de_fw-fr dieu_fw-fr roy_fw-fr de_fw-fr france_n a_o touz_v noz_n justicier_n &_o subgy_n salut_v philip_n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n king_n of_o france_n to_o our_o judge_n and_o subject_n greeting_n but_o the_o reason_n be_v evident_a why_o the_o k._n of_o england_n be_v wont_a to_o direct_v his_o letter_n to_o his_o commander_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o french_a king_n at_o that_o time_n only_o to_o his_o judge_n and_o subject_n in_o general_a to_o wit_n because_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v his_o sea-commander_n throughout_o this_o whole_a sea_n as_o lord_n of_o the_o same_o and_o therefore_o when_o he_o cross_v over_o it_o be_v not_o reasonable_a that_o the_o french_a k._n shall_v secure_v he_o by_o sea_n it_o be_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o english_a territory_n and_o yet_o the_o king_n of_o france_n may_v perhaps_o have_v a_o admiral_n at_o that_o time_n but_o only_o upon_o the_o shore_n of_o normandy_n and_o picardy_n for_o that_o of_o aquitain_n bretaign_n and_o narbonne_n be_v not_o as_o yet_o add_v to_o the_o patrimony_n of_o that_o crown_n and_o it_o be_v about_o that_o time_n or_o a_o little_a before_o that_o they_o be_v place_v who_o be_v first_o rank_v in_o the_o catalogue_n of_o the_o admiral_n of_o france_n but_o of_o late_a time_n it_o be_v true_a indeed_o that_o in_o those_o passport_n or_o letter_n of_o safe_a conduct_n which_o have_v be_v grant_v even_o by_o the_o sauf-conduit_n french_a king_n and_o other_o prince_n border_v upon_o the_o sea_n admiral_n be_v usual_o name_v in_o express_a term_n among_o the_o other_o kind_n of_o royal_a officer_n to_o the_o end_n that_o they_o to_o who_o the_o passport_n be_v grant_v may_v be_v secure_v in_o every_o place_n and_o part_n of_o their_o dominion_n but_o as_o touch_v the_o english_a command_n over_o such_o as_o pass_v or_o sail_v through_o their_o sea_n there_o be_v many_o other_o argument_n take_v as_o we_o shall_v show_v by_o and_o by_o from_o the_o manner_n of_o our_o king_n be_v prescribe_v limit_n to_o such_o as_o sail_v in_o this_o sea_n as_o also_o from_o those_o passage_n which_o we_o have_v book_n already_o cite_v out_o of_o record_n concern_v the_o tribute_n or_o custom_n impose_v by_o the_o english_a upon_o such_o as_o pass_v through_o the_o sea_n and_o true_o it_o be_v very_o considerable_a also_o that_o the_o king_n both_o of_o denmark_n and_o sweden_n together_o with_o the_o hans-town_n very_o often_o and_o earnest_o beg_v of_o queen_n elisabeth_n that_o they_o may_v have_v free_a passage_n through_o the_o english_a sea_n with_o provision_n towards_o spain_n during_o the_o war_n betwixt_o she_o and_o the_o spaniard_n i_o know_v indeed_o that_o such_o a_o licence_n be_v deny_v they_o not_o only_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o chief_o to_o prevent_v the_o convey_n of_o provision_n to_o the_o enemy_n for_o which_o cause_n also_o divers_a ship_n belong_v to_o the_o hans-town_n lade_v with_o corn_n be_v edita_fw-la take_v by_o english_a man_n of_o war_n in_o the_o very_a strait_n of_o lisbon_n without_o the_o sea-territorie_n of_o england_n which_o go_v by_o the_o 95._o scotish_n sea_n and_o the_o west_n towards_o portugal_n which_o be_v do_v doubtless_o that_o they_o may_v not_o presume_v to_o use_v the_o english_a sea_n without_o the_o leave_v of_o the_o queen_n but_o the_o hans-town_n cry_v out_o thereupon_o that_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n commerce_n and_o league_n be_v violate_v because_o their_o ship_n be_v so_o take_v by_o the_o english_a only_o upon_o this_o account_n that_o they_o carry_v provision_n to_o the_o enemy_n that_o be_v in_o a_o territory_n where_o the_o english_a do_v not_o in_o the_o least_o pretend_v to_o any_o dominion_n and_o concern_v this_o particular_a there_o be_v a_o notable_a question_n controvert_v by_o very_o 5._o learned_a man_n how_o far_o they_o that_o be_v not_o enemy_n or_o will_v not_o be_v call_v enemy_n may_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n afford_v supply_n unto_o a_o enemy_n but_o some_o year_n before_o the_o take_n of_o these_o ship_n when_o the_o hamburger_n who_o in_o the_o name_n also_o of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o hans-town_n desire_v leave_v to_o pass_v through_o this_o sea_n to_o portugal_n and_o spain_n be_v more_o than_o once_o deny_v any_o kind_n of_o liberty_n to_o transport_v either_o corn_n or_o warlike_a necessary_n they_o do_v not_o at_o all_o suggest_v that_o their_o petition_n at_o that_o time_n be_v ground_v upon_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n or_o commerce_n nor_o that_o the_o queen_n denial_n be_v contrary_a to_o this_o kind_n of_o law_n that_o be_v to_o say_v they_o be_v by_o her_o first_o 1589._o answer_n enjoin_v to_o abstain_v from_o transport_v arm_n with_o other_o warlike_a necessary_n and_o corn_n but_o say_v the_o queen_n in_o transport_v other_o commodity_n we_o shall_v not_o hinder_v you_o at_o all_o but_o shall_v with_o all_o favour_n permit_v the_o ship_n of_o your_o subject_n to_o abide_v and_o pass_v after_o the_o accustom_a manner_n that_o they_o may_v perform_v their_o voyage_n this_o answer_n they_o do_v not_o seem_v to_o take_v amiss_o but_o two_o year_n after_o they_o send_v into_o england_n sebastian_n à _fw-fr berghen_n their_o ambassador_n with_o petitionary_a letter_n desire_v that_o the_o exception_n in_o the_o licence_n former_o grant_v may_v be_v take_v away_o and_o a_o freedom_n to_o transport_v all_o kind_n of_o merchandise_n permit_v their_o petition_n be_v deny_v again_o and_o this_o moreover_o add_v that_o such_o as_o shall_v presume_v to_o do_v the_o contrary_a shall_v for_o their_o bold_a presumption_n suffer_v the_o loss_n of_o all_o their_o good_n and_o merchandise_n so_o carry_v against_o her_o majesty_n be_v will_v and_o pleasure_n if_o they_o fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o her_o man_n of_o war_n or_o any_o other_o of_o her_o majesty_n be_v subject_n thus_o they_o ever_o address_v themselves_o by_o petition_n and_o the_o queen_n give_v answer_n according_a to_o her_o pleasure_n they_o do_v not_o so_o much_o as_o pretend_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n or_o of_o commerce_n before_o that_o they_o understand_v their_o ship_n be_v seize_v in_o another_o sea_n to_o wit_n that_o of_o portugal_n which_o they_o conceive_v free_a for_o themselves_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o commerce_n without_o leave_v from_o the_o queen_n of_o england_n then_o it_o be_v they_o begin_v to_o plead_v that_o liberty_n ought_v not_o by_o any_o law_n to_o be_v deny_v even_o these_o man_n who_o but_o some_o year_n before_o have_v humble_o petition_v the_o queen_n of_o england_n more_o than_o once_o for_o free_a passage_n through_o the_o english_a sea_n so_o that_o that_o principal_a point_n as_o some_o will_v have_v it_o of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n that_o relief_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v convey_v to_o enemy_n by_o a_o friend_n be_v not_o only_o the_o ground_n either_o of_o the_o hans-town's_a petition_n or_o the_o queen_n denial_n but_o her_o right_a of_o dominion_n by_o sea_n be_v concern_v also_o which_o the_o hans-town_n well_o know_v they_o shall_v violate_v if_o they_o shall_v pass_v the_o queen_n sea_n without_o she_o leave_v hereunto_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n those_o particular_n relate_v which_o we_o find_v concern_v this_o matter_n in_o those_o point_n that_o be_v to_o be_v insist_v on_o in_o the_o year_n mdxcvii_o by_o witfeldius_n and_o bernicovius_n ambassador_n from_o christiern_n the_o four_o king_n of_o denmark_n to_o the_o queen_n of_o england_n library_n we_o be_v say_v they_o strict_o enjoin_v by_o our_o king_n to_o mediate_v with_o her_o majesty_n that_o our_o country_n man_n may_v be_v permit_v a_o freedom_n to_o transport_v corn_n or_o provision_n towards_o spain_n even_o as_o we_o have_v do_v former_o and_o do_v now_o again_o with_o all_o earnestness_n desire_n especial_o since_o it_o be_v suppose_v that_o the_o same_o licence_n of_o transport_v corn_n be_v grant_v sometime_o both_o to_o english_a and_o dutch_a that_o our_o countryman_n may_v not_o be_v use_v in_o a_o worse_a manner_n than_o your_o own_o
to_o be_v present_v touch_v that_o business_n unto_o the_o king_n as_o he_o be_v at_o that_o time_n king_n of_o france_n but_o only_o as_o king_n of_o england_n that_o be_v as_o lord_n of_o the_o whole_a sea_n flow_v between_o and_o it_o be_v very_o improbable_a and_o not_o in_o reason_n to_o be_v admit_v that_o they_o will_v so_o upon_o deliberation_n for_o both_o lord_n and_o commons_o use_v to_o debate_v such_o matter_n a_o long_a time_n before_o they_o pass_v a_o bill_n that_o they_o will_v i_o say_v so_o upon_o deliberation_n require_v a_o impose_v of_o custom_n by_o the_o act_n of_o a_o english_a parliament_n in_o a_o place_n that_o be_v not_o subject_a as_o a_o part_n of_o the_o royal_a patrimony_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o king_n of_o england_n from_o hence_o it_o be_v also_o that_o our_o present_a king_n charles_n do_v this_o last_o year_n declare_v that_o himself_o and_o his_o progenitor_n the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v in_o all_o time_n hitherto_o by_o a_o ancient_a and_o most_o just_a title_n be_v lord_n of_o this_o sea_n to_o wit_n in_o his_o 1634._o letter_n patent_n send_v to_o the_o maritime_a county_n of_o england_n whereby_o ship-monie_n be_v impose_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o his_o dominion_n by_o sea_n add_v moreover_o hereunto_o that_o in_o the_o agreement_n make_v betwixt_o our_o edward_n the_o first_o and_o guy_n earl_n of_o flanders_n about_o the_o wear_n of_o colors_z or_o flag_n in_o every_o ship_n and_o punish_v offender_n by_o sea_n william_n de_fw-fr leyburn_n be_v call_v londinensi_fw-la admiral_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mire_n du_fw-fr dict_z roy_fw-fr d_o engleterre_fw-fr or_o admiral_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o the_o say_a king_n of_o england_n other_o testimony_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n there_o be_v in_o record_n touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o it_o have_v be_v receive_v and_o acknowledge_v according_a to_o the_o common_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o our_o country_n which_o i_o shall_v discourse_n of_o in_o the_o next_o place_n and_o after_o that_o concern_v the_o testimony_n of_o foreiner_n of_o divers_a testimony_n in_o our_o own_o law-book_n and_o the_o most_o receive_a custom_n whereby_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v either_o assert_v or_o admit_v chap._n xxiv_o the_o seven_o of_o those_o head_n according_a to_o the_o former_a division_n which_o manifest_a the_o aforesaid_a dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n relate_n to_o our_o law-book's_a and_o the_o receive_a custom_n therein_o which_o prove_v it_o from_o the_o most_o ancient_a time_n there_o be_v also_o in_o they_o many_o particular_n that_o may_v relate_v hereunto_o which_o be_v explain_v now_o and_o then_o touch_v the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n the_o english_a admiralty_n and_o other_o thing_n already_o handle_v but_o in_o this_o chapter_n we_o shall_v use_v either_o the_o determination_n and_o commentary_n of_o our_o own_o lawyer_n or_o chief_o such_o court-record_n as_o explain_v their_o opinion_n i_o confess_v indeed_o in_o some_o of_o the_o author_n of_o our_o law_n who_o write_v above_o cccl_o year_n ago_o or_o thereabouts_o after_o they_o have_v as_o the_o manner_n than_o be_v read_v through_o the_o civil_a law_n also_o they_o be_v so_o strict_a in_o follow_v those_o determination_n word_n for_o word_n which_o they_o find_v concern_v the_o sea_n in_o that_o law_n that_o when_o they_o treat_v the_o acquirendo_fw-la rerum_fw-la dominio_fw-la of_o the_o manner_n of_o acquire_v the_o dominion_n of_o thing_n they_o tranfer_v they_o into_o their_o own_o writing_n from_o thence_o it_o be_v that_o henry_n bracton_n who_o be_v a_o very_a famous_a lawyer_n at_o the_o late_a end_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o say_v 6._o naturali_fw-la jure_fw-la communia_fw-la sunt_fw-la omne_fw-la haec_fw-la aqua_fw-la profluens_fw-la aër_fw-la &_o mare_n &_o litora_fw-la maris_fw-la quasi_fw-la maris_fw-la accessoria_fw-la by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n all_o these_o thing_n be_v common_a run_v water_n the_o aër_fw-la and_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o shore_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o accessory_n or_o dependent_n of_o the_o sea_n also_o aedificia_fw-la si_fw-la in_o mari_fw-fr five_o in_fw-la litore_fw-la posita_fw-la fuerint_fw-la aedificantium_fw-la sunt_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la gentium_fw-la if_o building_n be_v raise_v in_o the_o sea_n or_o upon_o the_o shore_n they_o become_v they_o that_o build_v they_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o a_o little_a after_o jus_fw-la piscandi_fw-la omnibus_fw-la common_a est_fw-la in_o portu_fw-la &_o in_fw-la fluminibus_fw-la a_o right_a of_o fish_v be_v common_a to_o all_o in_o a_o haven_n and_o in_o rivers_n which_o we_o find_v likewise_o in_o purchas_n some_o other_o of_o our_o law-book_n of_o that_o age_n as_o a_o passage_n that_o fall_v from_o some_o writer_n of_o who_o i_o speak_v at_o large_a in_o the_o former_a book_n that_o be_v more_o affect_v than_o be_v meet_v with_o the_o word_n of_o ulpian_n and_o justinian_n in_o the_o general_a division_n of_o thing_n but_o these_o very_a man_n in_o other_o place_n show_v the_o custom_n of_o our_o country_n do_v sufficient_o admit_v the_o king_n dominion_n by_o sea_n for_o bracton_n himself_o afterward_o speak_v of_o they_o that_o by_o the_o king_n grace_n and_o favour_n 57_o quieti_fw-la sint_fw-la de_fw-la theolonio_n &_o consuetudinibus_fw-la dandis_fw-la per_fw-la totum_fw-la regnum_fw-la angliae_fw-la in_o terrâ_fw-la &_o mari_fw-fr &_o per_fw-la totum_fw-la regnum_fw-la tam_fw-la per_fw-la terram_fw-la quà m_fw-la per_fw-la mare_fw-la be_v exempt_v from_o pay_v toll_n and_o custom_n throughout_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o england_n in_o the_o land_n and_o in_o the_o sea_n and_o throughout_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n both_o by_o land_n and_o by_o sea_n and_o in_o the_o same_o king_n time_n a_o freedom_n from_o some_o payment_n be_v grant_v to_o the_o citizen_n of_o london_n 〈◊〉_d per_fw-la totum_fw-la regnum_fw-la tam_fw-la per_fw-la mare_fw-la quà m_fw-la per_fw-la terram_fw-la throughout_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n as_o well_o by_o sea_n as_o by_o land_n and_o so_o bracton_n when_o he_o return_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o custom_n of_o our_o country_n acknowledge_v that_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n belong_v to_o his_o king_n no_o less_o than_o the_o land_n and_o hence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v also_o that_o inter_fw-la capitula_fw-la coronae_fw-la as_o they_o call_v they_o that_o be_v to_o say_v those_o article_n or_o chief_a head_n whereof_o enquiry_n be_v to_o be_v make_v according_a to_o the_o usual_a custom_n by_o judge_n delegated_a throughout_o england_n for_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o public_a peace_n we_o find_v this_o also_o de_fw-fr purpresturis_fw-la factis_fw-la super_fw-la dominum_fw-la regem_fw-la sive_fw-la in_o terrâ_fw-la sive_fw-la in_o mari_n etc._n etc._n of_o tenant_n pourpresture_n make_v upon_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n either_o on_o land_n or_o in_o the_o sea_n or_o in_o sweet_a water_n either_o within_o the_o liberty_n or_o without_o or_o in_o any_o other_o place_n whatsoëver_o and_o it_o be_v place_v among_o the_o article_n of_o this_o kind_n recite_v by_o a._n bracton_n himself_o and_o in_o the_o 20._o author_n of_o the_o book_n call_v fleta_n but_o in_o the_o language_n of_o the_o law_n we_o call_v those_o thing_n pourpresture_n whereby_o detriment_n be_v do_v to_o any_o public_a place_n belong_v to_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o crown_n as_o a_o public_a thoroughfare_n a_o river_n and_o the_o like_a so_o that_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o this_o ordinary_a article_n touch_v pourpresture_n in_o the_o general_a form_n of_o enquiry_n the_o dominion_n or_o ownership_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o king_n no_o less_o than_o of_o the_o land_n or_o of_o public_a road_n or_o thoroughfare_n and_o river_n agreeable_a hereto_o be_v that_o article_n about_o any_o kind_n of_o salt-water_n be_v enclose_v by_o any_o subject_n or_o possess_v in_o any_o other_o manner_n which_o in_o the_o ancient_a record_n of_o our_o court_n of_o admiralty_n be_v say_v to_o be_v do_v to_o the_o disherison_n of_o the_o king_n the_o word_n be_v there_o 33._o item_n soit_fw-fr enquis_fw-la de_fw-fr ceulx_fw-fr qui_fw-fr acrochent_fw-fr à _fw-fr eulx_fw-fr eaves_n salee_v en_fw-fr desheretison_fw-fr du_fw-fr roy._n and_o at_o this_o day_n enquiry_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v make_v about_o that_o business_n by_o authority_n of_o the_o high_a admiral_n robert_n belknap_n also_o a_o eminent_a judge_n in_o the_o time_n of_o richard_n the_o second_o 46._o say_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o king_n as_o a_o part_n of_o his_o english_a kingdom_n or_o of_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o crown_n his_o word_n in_o the_o norman_a tongue_n run_v thus_o le_fw-fr mere_a est_fw-fr del_fw-it ligeans_n del_o roy_n come_v de_fw-fr son_fw-fr corone_fw-fr d'_fw-fr d'angleterre_fw-fr he_o add_v to_o his_o word_n in_o a_o remarkable_a way_n as_o belong_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n or_o as_o belong_v
cognisance_n of_o thing_n do_v contrary_a to_o this_o truce_n and_o pass_v their_o judgement_n according_a to_o the_o dorso_n la_o or_o custom_n of_o merchant_n and_o the_o form_n of_o sufferance_n after_o a_o revolution_n of_o some_o year_n wherein_o this_o kind_n of_o truce_n take_v place_n and_o sometime_o not_o a_o league_n be_v make_v in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n mccciii_o which_o be_v the_o one_o and_o thirty_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o the_o first_o article_n of_o that_o league_n be_v 2._o that_o those_o king_n shall_v not_o only_o be_v at_o amity_n with_o each_o other_o but_o also_o that_o they_o shall_v defend_v one_o another_o in_o all_o manner_n of_o right_n against_o any_o other_o whomsoêver_o except_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n and_o on_o the_o part_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n his_o son_n in_o law_n john_n duke_n of_o brabant_n but_o on_o the_o part_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n albertus_n king_n of_o the_o roman_n and_z john_n earl_n of_o henault_n but_o the_o three_o article_n thereof_o for_o the_o first_o and_o three_o be_v of_o singular_a use_n in_o that_o libel_n or_o bill_n of_o complaint_n as_o will_v appear_v by_o and_o by_o be_v this_o item_n il_fw-fr est_fw-fr accord_n qe_fw-fr l'un_fw-fr ne_fw-fr receptera_fw-fr ne_fw-fr sustendra_fw-fr ne_fw-fr confortera_fw-mi ne_fw-fr fera_fw-fr comfort_n ne_o aid_n as_o enemy_n de_fw-fr l'_fw-fr autre_fw-fr ne_fw-fr soffera_fw-mi qu'_fw-fr ils_fw-fr eient_fw-fr comfort_n souccor_n ne_o aid_n soit_fw-fr de_fw-fr gent_n d'_fw-fr arm_n ou_fw-fr de_fw-fr victual_n ou_fw-fr d'_fw-fr autres_fw-fr choses_fw-fr queles_a q'_fw-fr eye_n soient_fw-fr de_fw-fr ses_fw-fr terres_fw-la ou_fw-fr de_fw-fr son_fw-fr poiar_n mais_fw-fr adiondera_fw-la sur_fw-fr peine_fw-fr de_fw-fr forfeiture_n de_fw-fr corpse_n &_o d'_fw-fr avoir_fw-fr &_o empeschera_fw-la à _fw-la tot_fw-la son_n poair_a loiaument_n en_fw-fr bon_fw-fr foi_fw-fr qe_fw-fr les_fw-fr dit_n enemy_n ne_fw-fr soient_fw-fr resceipt_n ne_fw-fr conforte_n es_fw-la terres_fw-la de_fw-fr sa_fw-fr seignurie_n ne_fw-fr de_fw-fr son_fw-fr poiar_n ne_fw-fr q'ils_fw-fr en_fw-fr aient_fw-fr comfort_n soccour_v ne_o aid_n soit_fw-fr gent_n d'_fw-fr arm_n des_fw-fr chevaux_fw-fr d'_fw-fr armeures_fw-fr de_fw-fr vitail_n ou_fw-fr d'_fw-fr autres_fw-fr choses_fw-fr queles_a q'_fw-fr eye_n soient_fw-fr which_o be_v in_o english_a to_o this_o effect_n that_o according_a to_o this_o contract_n of_o amity_n they_o be_v neither_o of_o they_o in_o any_o wise_a to_o cherish_v the_o enemy_n of_o the_o other_o nor_o suffer_v any_o kind_n of_o aid_n or_o relief_n to_o be_v afford_v they_o in_o their_o territory_n the_o war_n be_v thus_o at_o a_o end_n because_o there_o arise_v very_o many_o complaint_n concern_v injury_n do_v up_o and_o down_o as_o well_o in_o the_o more_o open_a as_o in_o our_o own_o sea_n during_o the_o special_a truce_n afore_o mention_v but_o also_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o other_o of_o that_o kind_n may_v arise_v perhaps_o after_o the_o league_n be_v make_v especial_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o difference_n at_o that_o time_n betwixt_o the_o french_a king_n and_o the_o earl_n of_o flanders_n therefore_o commissioner_n be_v appoint_v by_o both_o prince_n to_o hear_v and_o decide_v they_o and_o those_o at_o that_o time_n on_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v robert_n junii_fw-la de_fw-fr burghershe_n constable_n of_o dover_n castle_n and_z john_n the_o banquell_n steward_n of_o pontoise_n baraldus_n de_fw-fr sescas_n and_o arnaldus_n ayquein_o knight_n on_o the_o french_a king_n behalf_n be_v appoint_v the_o lord_n saquil_o mittonius_n blanvillius_n bertrandus_fw-la jordanus_n and_o gulielmus_fw-la ralastansius_n knight_n also_o to_o the_o end_n that_o they_o may_v take_v cognisance_n so_o it_o be_v in_o the_o king_n of_o england_n commission_n des_fw-fr enterprise_n mesprise_n &_o forfaites_n en_fw-fr treve_n ou_fw-fr en_fw-fr sufferance_n entre_fw-fr nos_fw-la &_o le_fw-fr dit_fw-fr roy_fw-fr de_fw-fr france_n d'_fw-fr un_fw-fr part_n &_o d'_fw-fr autre_fw-fr es_fw-mi costeres_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mer_fw-fr d'_fw-fr engleterre_fw-fr &_o autres_fw-fr per_fw-la deceâ—_fw-la &_o ausint_fw-la per_fw-la dever_v normandy_n &_o autres_fw-fr costeres_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mer_fw-fr per_fw-la de_fw-fr la_fw-fr that_o be_v of_o encroachment_n injury_n and_o offence_n commit_v on_o either_o side_n in_o time_n either_o of_o the_o league_n or_o sufferance_n or_o of_o the_o truce_n agree_v on_o between_o we_o and_o the_o say_a king_n of_o france_n for_o freedom_n of_o commerce_n only_o either_o upon_o the_o seacoast_n of_o england_n or_o any_o other_o neighbour_a coast_n of_o the_o sea_n either_o towards_o normandy_n or_o other_o more_o remote_a but_o the_o aforesaid_a party_n be_v authorize_v by_o two_o commission_n in_o such_o manner_n that_o the_o one_o commission_n contain_v four_o and_o the_o other_o also_o four_o a_o equal_a number_n be_v appoint_v by_o both_o the_o king_n they_o both_o bear_v date_n the_o last_o day_n of_o june_n mccciii_o to_o these_o commissioner_n or_o other_o of_o that_o kind_n the_o libel_n be_v joint_o exhibit_v by_o procurator_n on_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o prelate_n and_o peer_n of_o england_n also_o of_o the_o high_a admiral_n of_o england_n yea_o and_o of_o the_o city_n and_o town_n throughout_o england_n and_o last_o of_o the_o whole_a english_a nation_n and_o other_o subject_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o how_o this_o can_v be_v do_v otherwise_o than_o by_o authority_n of_o the_o estate_n in_o parliament_n be_v not_o to_o be_v imagine_v with_o these_o in_o like_a manner_n be_v join_v the_o procurator_n of_o most_o nation_n border_v upon_o the_o sea_n throughout_o europe_n as_o the_o genoëse_n catalonian_o spaniard_n almain_n zelander_n hollander_n friâ—slanders_n dane_n and_o norwegian_n beside_o other_o under_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o roman_n german_n empire_n all_o these_o together_o institute_v a_o action_n or_o complaint_n against_o reyner_n grimbald_n who_o be_v governor_n of_o the_o french_a navy_n have_v during_o the_o war_n between_o king_n philip_n of_o france_n and_o guy_n earl_n of_o flanders_n intercept_v and_o spoil_v merchant_n of_o their_o good_n in_o this_o sea_n that_o be_v bind_v for_o flanders_n and_o all_o these_o complainants_n joint_o say_v that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o his_o predecessor_n have_v time_n out_o of_o mind_n without_o controversy_n enjoy_v the_o sovereignty_n and_o dominion_n of_o the_o english_a sea_n and_o the_o isle_n of_o the_o same_o by_o right_a of_o their_o realm_n of_o england_n that_o be_v to_o say_v by_o prescribe_v law_n statute_n and_o prohibition_n of_o arm_n and_o of_o ship_n otherwise_o furnish_v than_o with_o such_o necessary_n as_o belong_v to_o merchant_n and_o by_o demand_v surety_n and_o afford_v protection_n in_o all_o place_n where_o need_n shall_v require_v and_o order_v all_o other_o thing_n necessary_a for_o the_o conservation_n of_o peace_n right_o and_o equity_n between_o all_o sort_n of_o people_n pass_v through_o that_o sea_n as_o well_o stranger_n as_o other_o in_o subjection_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n also_o that_o they_o have_v have_v and_o have_v the_o sovereign_a guard_n thereof_o with_o all_o manner_n of_o conisance_n and_o jurisdiction_n in_o do_v right_o and_o justice_n according_a to_o the_o say_a law_n statute_n ordinance_n and_o prohibition_n and_o in_o all_o other_o matter_n which_o may_v concern_v the_o exercise_n of_o sovereign_a dominion_n in_o the_o say_a place_n to_o wit_n such_o matter_n as_o concern_v the_o office_n and_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiral_n that_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v appoint_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n then_o add_v the_o first_o article_n aforementioned_a of_o the_o league_n make_v but_o a_o little_a before_o whereby_o both_o king_n be_v oblige_v to_o defend_v one_o another_o right_a they_o proceed_v in_o their_o accusation_n against_o grimbald_n say_v that_o he_o be_v only_a master_n of_o the_o navy_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n but_o call_v himself_o admiral_n of_o the_o say_a sea_n and_o pretend'_v that_o he_o be_v authorize_v under_o that_o title_n by_o the_o king_n of_o france_n upon_o occasion_n of_o his_o make_a war_n against_o the_o fleming_n and_o that_o after_o the_o make_n of_o the_o say_a league_n and_o contrary_a to_o the_o intent_n and_o meaning_n of_o the_o same_o he_o have_v for_o above_o a_o year_n time_n unjust_o assume_v aâ—d_v usurp_v the_o office_n of_o admiral_n in_o the_o say_a sea_n by_o authority_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n his_o commission_n take_v the_o people_n and_o merchant_n of_o england_n and_o other_o nation_n pass_v through_o that_o sea_n imprison_v and_o spoil_v they_o of_o their_o good_n and_o deliver_v they_o up_o to_o the_o king_n officer_n as_o good_n forfeit_v and_o confiscate_v and_o whereas_o he_o have_v in_o a_o very_a insolent_a manner_n justify_v these_o action_n of_o he_o in_o writing_n as_o don_v by_o authority_n of_o the_o king_n his_o master_n commission_n as_o also_o according_a to_o
that_o libel_n by_o so_o many_o nation_n moreover_o true_o it_o be_v worthy_a observation_n that_o about_o the_o very_a same_o time_n to_o wit_n a_o little_a before_o the_o make_n of_o the_o league_n the_o king_n of_o england_n do_v homage_n to_o the_o french_a king_n for_o the_o duchy_n of_o 40b._o aquitain_n the_o earldom_n of_o pontois_n and_o other_o province_n that_o he_o hold_v in_o france_n that_o he_o be_v also_o whole_o deprive_v of_o they_o some_o time_n before_o by_o decree_n of_o the_o parliament_n of_o alii_fw-la paris_n yea_o and_o that_o about_o one_o hundred_o year_n before_o king_n john_n be_v out_v of_o normandy_n and_o yet_o afterward_o that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n now_o and_o then_o regain_v a_o possession_n of_o it_o and_o that_o before_o the_o time_n of_o the_o league_n and_o of_o the_o publication_n of_o this_o libel_n which_o serve_v all_o to_o this_o end_n that_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o when_o the_o aforesaid_a famous_a controversy_n arise_v about_o the_o use_n and_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o sea_n flow_v between_o france_n and_o britain_n and_o the_o absolute_a dominion_n thereof_o be_v asscribe_v by_o so_o many_o nation_n upon_o a_o title_n derive_v time_n out_o of_o mind_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o his_o predecessor_n yet_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n no_o title_n at_o all_o be_v pretend_v in_o right_a to_o their_o possession_n either_o of_o normandy_n or_o aquitain_n whereupon_o a_o dominion_n of_o any_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n may_v in_o any_o sort_n be_v ground_v but_o claim_v upon_o the_o sole_a right_n of_o the_o english_a empire_n and_o it_o appear_v evident_a by_o the_o thing_n itself_o that_o the_o thing_n complain_v of_o by_o those_o nation_n in_o the_o libel_n be_v do_v by_o that_o governor_n of_o the_o french_a navy_n chief_o in_o the_o sea_n near_o the_o shore_n of_o france_n and_o flanders_n which_o be_v in_o hostility_n with_o each_o other_o and_o so_o certain_o they_o all_o unanimous_o affirm_v that_o the_o whole_a sea_n whereof_o they_o speak_v be_v under_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o that_o upon_o the_o sole_a account_n and_o right_n of_o the_o english_a empire_n and_o as_o for_o grimbald_n he_o do_v not_o defend_v himself_o either_o by_o a_o pretence_n of_o any_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n or_o by_o disprove_v of_o that_o prescription_n whereupon_o the_o english_a title_n depend_v as_o a_o thing_n not_o declare_v according_a to_o truth_n or_o ancient_a right_n nor_o do_v he_o at_o all_o pretend_v that_o the_o right_n which_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v in_o the_o sea_n board_n ring_n upon_o france_n do_v belong_v to_o they_o either_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o normandy_n or_o any_o other_o french_a province_n whatsoêver_o as_o fiduciarie_n client_n or_o vassal_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n though_o it_o have_v be_v convenient_a and_o very_o seasonable_a for_o he_o to_o have_v allege_v all_o these_o particular_n if_o the_o truth_n have_v be_v so_o indeed_o whereby_o also_o that_o be_v not_o a_o little_a confirm_v whereof_o we_o discourse_v before_o about_o take_v the_o name_n of_o the_o shore_n over_o against_o we_o in_o the_o late_a commission_n of_o the_o office_n of_o high_a admiral_n of_o england_n for_o limit_n only_o of_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o of_o the_o province_n thereof_o under_o their_o protection_n moreover_o also_o about_o seven_o year_n before_o the_o exhibit_v of_o the_o aforesaid_a libel_n to_o the_o commissioner_n when_o as_o the_o king_n of_o france_n by_o reason_n of_o divers_a heinous_a injury_n do_v to_o his_o subject_n by_o the_o english_a in_o this_o sea_n require_v that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o he_o be_v the_o fiduciarie_n client_n or_o vassal_n because_o of_o aquitain_n and_o other_o province_n that_o he_o hold_v under_o he_o in_o france_n shall_v be_v question_v not_o only_o for_o wrong_v do_v but_o also_o for_o his_o right_n to_o those_o land_n which_o he_o hold_v and_o be_v summon_v to_o appear_v in_o the_o parliament_n of_o paris_n the_o matter_n be_v set_v down_o at_o large_a in_o the_o letter_n of_o summons_n he_o insert_v nothing_o therein_o whereby_o he_o may_v seem_v to_o arrogate_v any_o sea-dominion_n at_o all_o to_o himself_o or_o diminish_v that_o which_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o 1293._o i_o lorilegus_fw-la who_o have_v set_v down_o a_o entire_a copy_n of_o they_o in_o his_o annal_n the_o same_o author_n also_o speak_v of_o the_o same_o time_n say_v 1294._o at_o that_o time_n there_o be_v neither_o lord_n nor_o law_n over_o the_o sea_n man_n but_o what_o every_o man_n be_v able_a to_o catch_v or_o snatch_v he_o call_v his_o own_o which_o plain_o denote_n a_o extraordinary_a licence_n or_o of_o depredation_n and_o infest_v the_o sea_n yet_o so_o to_o be_v understand_v that_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o incomparable_a power_n of_o the_o english_a in_o ship_n which_o guard_v their_o dominion_n by_o sea_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o their_o ancestor_n be_v chief_o signify_v thereby_o the_o king_n very_o free_o permit_v his_o subject_n to_o use_v depredation_n by_o sea_n as_o long_o as_o the_o war_n continue_v for_o florilegus_n himself_o relate_n that_o great_a number_n both_o of_o french_a and_o spaniard_n be_v then_o take_v at_o sea_n by_o the_o english_a yea_o and_o about_o 1297_o that_o time_n thomas_n of_o walsingham_n write_v that_o either_o a_o french_a or_o norman_a navy_n of_o two_o hundred_o sail_n which_o rove_v about_o this_o sea_n to_o rob_v the_o english_a be_v overcome_v by_o a_o fleet_n of_o sixty_o english_a ship_n and_o bring_v into_o england_n there_o be_v also_o another_o ancient_a author_n of_o the_o same_o time_n when_o these_o affair_n be_v act_v who_o say_v ms._n that_o in_o the_o month_n of_o may_n mccxciv_o there_o fall_v out_o a_o quarrel_n between_o the_o seaman_n of_o the_o cinque-port_n of_o england_n and_o the_o seaman_n of_o france_n and_o it_o be_v determine_v by_o a_o fight_n at_o sea_n wherein_o the_o english_a with_o a_o fleet_n of_o one_o hundred_o sail_n take_v two_o hundred_o ship_n of_o france_n and_o drown_v or_o kill_v almost_o all_o the_o seaman_n of_o france_n for_o which_o cause_n philip_n king_n of_o france_n endeavour_v to_o take_v away_o gascoign_n from_o the_o king_n of_o england_n other_o there_o be_v likewise_o that_o have_v other_o expression_n touch_v these_o thing_n whereby_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o collect_v what_o be_v mean_v by_o that_o of_o florilegus_n when_o he_o say_v that_o there_o be_v neither_o lord_n nor_o law_n over_o seaman_n at_o that_o time_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v let_v the_o reins_o loose_a to_o his_o subject_n as_o moderator_n of_o this_o sea_n and_o this_o he_o do_v that_o they_o may_v not_o only_o restrain_v his_o enemy_n but_o they_o also_o that_o shall_v reliev_n his_o enemy_n in_o any_o manner_n whatsoêver_o or_o that_o shall_v use_v the_o sea_n otherwise_o than_o at_o his_o pleasure_n who_o be_v lord_n thereof_o but_o as_o concern_v the_o like_a acknowledgement_n make_v single_o and_o apart_o by_o the_o fleming_n of_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n over_o the_o sea_n i_o shall_v treat_v by_o and_o by_o after_o that_o i_o have_v in_o the_o next_o place_n set_v before_o you_o the_o libel_n itself_o in_o its_o own_o that_o be_v the_o norman_a tongue_n as_o it_o stand_v record_v in_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n a_o copy_n or_o transcript_n of_o the_o libel_n or_o bill_n of_o complaint_n mention_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n chap._n xxviii_o in_o the_o archive_v of_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n where_o record_n of_o above_o four_o hundred_o year_n be_v keep_v there_o be_v a_o bundle_n of_o parchment_n which_o contain_v some_o affair_n relate_v to_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o and_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o and_o three_o the_o first_o conte_v a_o agreement_n make_v between_o edward_n the_o first_o and_o guy_n earl_n of_o flanders_n touch_v their_o ship_n bear_v of_o colors_z about_o this_o sea_n to_o the_o end_n that_o they_o may_v be_v the_o more_o easy_o know_v then_o there_o be_v annex_v three_o either_o original_n or_o copy_n of_o the_o say_a libel_n write_v at_o the_o same_o time_n for_o as_o it_o seem_v the_o several_a procurator_n of_o those_o nation_n that_o be_v party_n in_o the_o complaint_n have_v their_o several_a libel_n though_o express_v in_o the_o name_n of_o all_o together_o so_o that_o one_o be_v endorse_v thus_o de_fw-fr baiona_n as_o if_o that_o libel_n have_v be_v exhibit_v single_o by_o the_o man_n of_o bayonne_n but_o the_o title_n run_v thus_o de_fw-fr superioritate_fw-la maris_fw-la angliae_fw-la &_o jure_fw-la officii_fw-la admirallatûs_fw-la in_o eodem_fw-la