Selected quad for the lemma: england_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
england_n	earl_n	lord_n	marshal_n	3,722	5	11.2036	5	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A36795	The history of imbanking and drayning of divers fenns and marshes, both in forein parts and in this kingdom, and of the improvements thereby extracted from records, manuscripts, and other authentick testimonies / by William Dugdale.	Dugdale, William, Sir, 1605-1686.	1662 (1662)	Wing D2481; ESTC R975	640,720	507

at least which was a very great work 2. The Middle Levell also they defended from Peterborough water by a large Bank made from Peterborough to Wisebeche this being raised upon the foundation of that which the King begun excepting a little turn in Waldersey Bank From the River Ouse they likewise defended it by a great Bank extending from Erith to Salters lode on the North VVest side of Bedford River and made another new River parallel to the said Bedford river from Erith to Salters lode aforesaid containing an hundred foot in bredth and imbanked it with Banks on borh sides of threescore foot wide at the bottom ten at the top and eight foot in height The other new Drayns which he and his Participants made or repaired within this Levell being these viz. Uermudens Ea Hamonds Ea Stony Draine Nene old Chanel Pophams Ea Marshland Cut Moores Drayne Witlesey Dikes and some other small ones And the Sluses those at Salters lode Pophams Ea and Marshland Cutts 3. For scou●ing the South Levell from the overflowings of Ouse they raised also a great Bank from Over to Salters lode The lesser Rivers viz. of Grant Mildenhall Brandon and Stoke being defended by smaller Banks From Salters lode to Stow bridge they likewise caused a large River of one hundred and twenty foot wide and ten foot deep to be cut for the more speedy conveying away of the waters which River is now called Downham Ea As also two great Sasses at Salters lode for the passage of Boats and other great Vessels with three Sluses at the end of Downham Ea And divers small Drayns viz. Grunty fen Drayn the In-Drayn to the Bank of the Hundred foot River Reach lode and many others So that having accomplisht the whole work within the compass of five years the said Level was by a Decree of Sewers made at Ely on the 25th of March Anno 1653. adjudged to be fully drayned Whereupon the said Earl and his Participants had possession of those ninety five thousand Acres awarded to them CHAP. LV. Lindsey Levell Extending from Bourne to Lincolne OF this though I might have not incongruously discourst under my title of Kesteven and Holand yet forasmuch as 't is in truth a part of the great Levell before-mentioned however not so now taken notice of in Common reputation I have thought it more proper to speak of it here The first general attempt towards the Drayning of this part of the Country whereof I have taken notice was upon a complaint of the Inhabitants at a Session of Sewers held at Sempringham in the 8 year of the late Queen Elizabeth's Reign the Earl of Lincolne high Admiral of England with several other persons of quality being then Commissioners Whereupon a general Tax was laid for repairing and enlarging the Drayns and Sewers to carry off the waters which then annoyed these parts But little was done to any purpose herein as it seems for it appears that at another Session of Sewers held at Swinstede in the 17 year of that Queens Reign the Country complained that they were drowned more than formerly so that the Commissioners then decreeed that those Drayns which the Duke of Suffolke and others had ordained to be begun about the latter end of King Henry the 8 time as also some others should forthwith be set upon and laid a Tax accordingly But no payment of that Tax being made the work proceeded not Nor was there any farther considerable attempt therein whereof I have heard till the 5 year of the late King Charles of blessed memory that Sir Anthony Ireby Knight Sergeant Callice and other Commissioners finding all former essays fruitless by reason that the Inhabitants would never pay the Taxes and that the lands being surrounded had no Cattel upon them for distress and considering that the King as 't is observable in all the Statutes of Sewers was to give direction in works of this nature they did by their Letters represent to his Majesty the necessity of Drayning these lands and the Commodity which might accrue thereby humbly beseeching him to recommend some person of Honour to contract with them as Undertaker for performance of that work The King therefore understanding their design to be for the Drayning of all the surrounded Fens on the North side of the River of Glen in this County of Lincolne referred the view of those lying on both sides the Rivers of Fosse and Wythom from beyond the City of Lincolne to Kyme Ea unto Sir Henry Vane Knight Sir Robert Carr Baronet and others who in order to that good work did in a Session of Sewers held at Sleford 26 Febr. 8 Car. where were also present and Commissioners Robert Earl of Lindsey Theophilus Earl of Lincolne the Lord Willoughby Sir Henry Fines and others lay a Tax of xiij s. iiij d. the Acre for the scouring and clensing of the said Rivers and all Gotes and Drayns c. within those precincts to be imposed upon all the Landholders in the said low grounds and to be paid before the ix of April then next following And for the better furthering and compleating thereof the said Commissioners meeting again at Boston upon the second of March then next ensuing reciting their Decree so made at Sleford did extend their said Tax of xiijs iiijd the Acre to the other parts of that Level Nevertheless little was done therein as it seems till about three years afterwards but then the said King by his Letters Patents bearing date at Westminster 2 Aprilis in the xi year of his Reign directed unto George Earl of Rutland and others Commissioners of Sewers for the said Level recommended unto them Robert Earl of Lindsey Lord high Chamberlain of England a person of very great honour to be the sole Undertaker for the drayning of the whole Whereupon the said Commissioners at another Session of Sewers held at Sleford upon the second of Iune then next following proceeded to a treaty with his Lordship for that purpose and agreed with him to accept of twenty four thousand Acres in recompence of his chardges therein which was then accordingly decreed the work being to be perfected within the space of six years next ensuing the feast of St. Michael th'archangel then following And after this viz. in a Session of Sewers held at Boston the 29. of March the next year ensuing recitall being made of that Decree made at Sleford whereby the said Earl of Lindsey for the considerations therein expressed was to have those twenty four thousand Acres of land to be indifferently allotted out of the several Fens c. to enjoy to himself and his heirs for ever viz. as soon as ten thousand Acres or more should be drayned to have his portion thereof forthwith assigned As also the like recitall that upon consideration of the same Decree and other former preceding Decrees and Ordinances made at a ●ession of Sewers held at

Swinshed upon the xi of August then last past upon full debate and consideration of the former Decrees and consideration of a true and perfect scedule of all the Fens c. comprised in a Decree of Tax bearing date at Boston upon the second of March in the eighth year of the said King Charles from Kyme Ea South-wards aswell within the parts of Kesteven as Holand to the River of Glen being part of the said Level mentioned in that Decree made at Sleford c. it did at that time appear to the said Commissioners and then to those present Commissioners at Boston that that part of the Level amounted to thirty six thousand Acres or thereabouts And recitall being likewise made that whereas at the said Session of Swineshed it was proposed that the severals within the said Level lying from Kyme Ea to the River of Glen might not contribute any part of land to the making up of the said quantity of fourteen thousand Acres but that the whole proportion should be taken out of the Fens and Commons And in a Session of Sewers held at Bourne upon the xith of August the next year following there was a speciall assignation in what particular place in each of the Fens before-specified the quantities so decreed as aforesaid should be set out and a certain mistake concerning Poynton fen rectified Which said several Decrees viz. that at Sleford 2 Iunii 11 Caroli that at Boston 29 Martii 12 Car. and this at Bourne 11 Aug. 13 Car. were afterwards in a Session of Sewers held at Sleford 25 Sept. 14 Car. ratified and confirmed And in another Session held likewise at Sleford upon the xiiijth of March then next ensuing the Commissioners receiving information by the said Earl that he had then effectually drayned all the lands between the River of Glen and Kyme Ea containing more than thirty five thousand Acres and taking view of them with all the Sluses Banks Sewers c. therein did so adjudge thereof and that he had made a full performance of his said undertaking And lastly in another Session held at Sleford also upon the 14 of Iune next following reciting and confirming all the former Decrees And that whereas but three thousand Acres were by the said Law of Sleford made 2 Iunii 11 Caroli decreed for the perpetual maintenance of the works within the said whole Level and that the said Earl had nevertheless at the instance of the Commissioners condescended to ty the said fourteen th●usand Acres for the perpetual maintenance of the said works made between the River of Glene and Kyme Ea over and above the Rent of iiijd the Acre thereupon reserved to be paid out of the said fourteen thousand Acres in case the said iiijd. the Acre should not be sufficient they decreed and ratified the same accordingly After which the said Earl and his Participants having been at no less than fourty five thousand pounds charge therein did inclose build inhabit plant plow sow and reap two years without disturbance but the third year divers clamorous Petitions were exhibited to the Parliament then sitting by the Country people Whereupon after examination of Witnesses Orders were granted from both Houses to quiet the possession of the said Earl and his Participants and to secure their Crops then upon the land Nevertheless the Petitioners in contempt of all entred and destroyed the Drains and buildings as also the Crops then ready to be reapt to a very great value and have ever since held the possession to the great decay and ruine of those costly works and exceeding discommodity to all that part of the Country CHAP. LVI The East and West Fenns NOrthwards of this Fenny part of the Country called Lindsey Levell are divers other Marshes lying towards Waynflete the greatest whereof are called by the name of the East and West Fenns Upon a Writ of Ad quod Dampnum in 41 Eliz. concerning the Drayning of these Fens it appears that the East fen lying betwixt the parts of Holand and Lindsey was found to contain five thousand Acres or thereabouts and that the one half thereof being the Skirt Hills and Out-rings might conveniently be drayned but the other half consisting of deeps for the most part could not be recovered and moreover that the Commons and Severals pertaining to the Towns confining on the said Fen did then amount to the number of three thousand and four hundred Acres or thereabouts all which were at that time surrounded Whether any thing was done at that time towards the drayning of those Fens I am not able to say but in 6 Caroli 15 Maii there was a Decree made in a Session of Sewers held at Boston by Robert Earl of Lindsey Lord great Chamberlain of England Edward Earl of Dorset Lord Chamberlain to the Queen Iohn Shorey Mayor of Boston Sir Robert Killegrew Vice-Chamberlain to the Queen Sir Robert Bell Sir Iohn Browne Knights Robert Callice Serjeant at Law and others which Decree makes this following recital viz. that there was a Law of Sewers made at Boston 7 9 Apr. then last past by the said Sir Robert Bell and others whereby it appeared that the grounds hereafter named were overflowed with fresh waters viz. Dockdike hurne from Armitage Causey and Howbriggs East to the River of Witham VVest and from the said River of Wytham South to Hawthorne North from the East end of Hundell house grounds and so along by Raydyke to the North side of Moorhouse grounds from thence by Marcham Revesby East Kirkby and Hagnaby to Hagnaby gate from thence along by Bar loade banck and the West end of Stickney Severals to Stickney Graunge From thence on the North side of Westhouse grounds along to Blacksyke from thence on the North side of Medlam to Gamock stake from thence directly to the East end of Hundel house grounds from Stickney graunge Southwards on the VVest side of the severals of Stickney and Nordyke gate East to Nordyke stream South and the West fenne VVest wherein is included Westhouse grounds the low grounds belonging to Stickney grange and Thornedales from Norlands lane along between Sibsey severals a●d the new Drayn to Hale Causey from thence along to the Shottells And that all these grounds as also the grounds mentioned in a Verdict heretofore given up at a Sessiō of Sewers held at Boston aforesaid 16 Ian. An. 1629. viz. the East fenne extending in length from the severals of Wainflet on the East to the severals of Stickney on the VVest and in bredth from the severals of Waynflet Friskeney Wrangle Leake and Stickney on the South and the severals of Stichford Keales Toynton Halton St●ping and Thorpe on the North were for the most part surrounded grounds And likewise that certain severals and Commons of divers Lords and Owners belonging to Waynflet and Friskeney lying between a bank called Fen-dyke bank on the East and East fen on the VVest and abutting

the Arch-angel to answer unto the particulars contained in the said presentment who came accordingly and said that he himself and some of his Predecessors with their Tenants and Fermours in the Towns and places adjacent to those banks had for their own Commodity and benefit often repaired divers parts of them but not at all for the advantage of the Country and thereupon did put himself upon the tryall of a Jury Which being summoned to appear came and said upon their Oaths that the said Abbot and his Predecessors as also their Servants Tenants and Fermours of their Lands and Tenements lying in the places adjoyning to those Banks had very often for the avoiding of damage to themselves repaired those Bank for their own private advantage as he the said Abbot had pleaded and not otherwise And that neither the said Abbot nor any of his Predecessors had ever repaired them for the safeguard of the Country or keeping in the water within the said banks for the benefit and Commodity of the Kings liege people Wherefore the said Abbot was dischardged from that Presentment But after this viz. in H. 6. time there was an Inquisition taken at Staunford in this County before Sir Iohn Beauchamp Knight then Steward of the Kings Houshold and Iohn Duke of Norfolk Marshal of England and the Marshal of the Court of Marshalsi● in the said Kings Houshold where it was found by the Jurors that there was a certain Clough called Shiphey lying at Dousdale in the parish of Crouland then broken by reason whereof the Lands and Tenements of divers persons thereabouts were overflowed to their great damage and hindrance and that the Abbot of Crouland ought to repair the same as he and his Predecessors had formerly used to do which Clough had been broken and out of repair from the Feast of Easter in the xxxvi year of the reign of King Henry the vi and did so remain at the taking of this Inquisition Upon which presentment so made by the said Jurors as aforesaid the Abbot of Crouland by his Attorneys appeared at Deping upon Thursday next after the Feast of All Saints in the second year of King Edward 4th before the Steward and Marshal of the Kings Household and pleaded not guilty as to the said chardge but because he would not contest therein with the King he submitted himself and desired that he might be admitted to his fine and was accordingly which the Court assessed at vis. viij d. In 3 H. 5. there was an Award made betwixt the Abbot of Crouland and the Inhabitants of Spaldyng and Pinchebec by Iohn Woodhouse Chancellour of the Dutchy of Lancaster Iohn Leventhorp Receiver and Will. Babington one of the Council of the said Dutchy with the assistance of Richard Norton Chief Justice of the Common Pleas and the rest of the then Justices of that Court who did decree to the said Abbot and his successors all the soil of Goggisland together with the whole fishing and fowling therein and that the said Inhabitants of Spalding and Pinchebec should be excluded from taking any other profits therein excepting Common of Pasture CAP. XLV HAving now done with what concerns that sometime famous Monastery of Crouland I shall proceed with the remainder of this Province but before I descend to speak in particular as to the support and maintenance of those antient banks so long before made for the gaining thereof from the Sea and it's defence against the fresh waters as also such works of drayning or otherwise as tended to the better improving of all or any part of the same I think it not impertinent to take notice that these following Marshes and Fens are observed to have long since been within the limits of it viz. in the year of Christ DCCCxxxij in Langtoft to the extent of two miles in length and as much in bredth In Baston xvi furlongs in length and eight in bredth In Holbeche and Capelade in the year DCCCLi five thousand acres and in the Norman Conquerors time in Algarekirk ten Ox gangs then waste by reason of the Seas inundation Next to observe that King Henry the first did afforest a great part thereof aswell as of Kesteven already spoke of And that King Iohn did in the fift year of his reign deafforest all those lands that belonged to Surflet Gosbercherche Quadavering and Dunnington As to the Sea-banks in this Province I find no mention of them till King Henry the third's time but then it appears that the said King directed his Precept to the Shireeve to distrain all those that held any Lands lyable to the repair of them to the end that they might be repaired as they ought and used to be which Tenants were afterwards to have allowance thereof from their Landlords And about four years afterwards viz. in 44. H. 3. the said King by his Letters Patents to Henry de Bathe of whom I have had occasion to make signal mention in my discourse of Romeney marsh reciting that whereas through the inundation of the Sea into these parts of Holand inestimable losse had hapned and more was imminent as he had credible information and that by reason thereof he had sent his Precept to the Shireeve of this County to distrain all those who held any Lands and Tenements in these parts which ought to contribute to the repair of the Ditches Bridges and Banks of the Sea and Fens therein in order to the repair and maintenance of them according to the quantity of their said Lands Neverthelesse for the manifestation of his greater care of that work he appointed the before-specified Henry together with the said Shireeve to provide forthwith for those repairs and to make distresses for the same in such sort as he should think most fit and conducing to the benefit and security of those parts In 47 H. 3. there was a presentment by a Jury exhibited to Martin de Litlebury and his fellow Justices Itinerant at Lincolne on the morrow after the Clause of Easter shewing that anti●ntly in the time of old Will. de Rumare Earl o● Chester it hapned that two men carrying a Corps from Stikeney to Cibecey to be buryed in the Church-yard there drowned it on North dyke Causey Which being told to the said Earl he acquainted the Abbot of Revesby therewith and advertised him that he and his Covent ought at their own proper chardges to repair and maintain the said Causey in consideration of two pieces of ground which he the said Earl had given them to that purpose for ever whereof one was called Heyholme and the other West fewer containing about sixscore Acres and worth by the year vil. And the Jurors farther said that the before-specified Abbot and Covent which then were did receive that land of the gift of the said Earl for the maintenance of the same Causey for ever and that they did accordingly repair it for a long time untill that