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england_n earl_n king_n stephen_n 2,661 5 10.9068 5 false
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A90787 The natural history of Oxford-shire, being an essay toward the natural history of England. / By Robert Plot ... Plot, Robert, 1640-1696. 1677 (1677) Wing P2585; ESTC R231542 322,508 394

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quas_fw-la in_o cane_n insectantes_fw-la naturaliter_fw-la emittunt_fw-la 5._o emittunt_fw-la will._n malmesburiens_fw-la de_fw-fr henr._n 1._o lib._n 5._o i._n e._n cover_v over_o with_o sharp_a point_a quill_n which_o they_o natural_o shoot_v at_o the_o dog_n that_o hunt_v they_o 119._o of_o the_o town_n of_o thame_n ancient_o tamesforda_n i_o can_v find_v little_a till_o about_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n senior_n an._n 921_o when_o the_o danish_a army_n out_o of_o huntingdon_n come_v hither_o and_o erect_v some_o kind_n of_o fortification_n but_o at_o this_o time_n it_o seem_v it_o be_v so_o considerable_a that_o it_o have_v the_o reputation_n of_o a_o burg_n for_o king_n edward_n come_v against_o it_o the_o same_o year_n his_o army_n be_v say_v to_o have_v besiege_v the_o burg_n and_o take_v it_o and_o to_o have_v slay_v the_o danish_a king_n earl_n toglos_n and_o earl_n mannan_n his_o son_n his_o brother_n and_o all_o other_o whatever_o within_o the_o town_n 921._o town_n chronologia_fw-la saxonica_n in_o an._n 921._o and_o again_o an._n 1010._o when_o the_o dane_n overran_a most_o of_o this_o part_n of_o england_n we_o find_v this_o town_n among_o other_o to_o have_v suffer_v much_o by_o they_o citat_fw-la they_o joh._n bromton_n abb._n jornal_a in_o an._n citat_fw-la 120._o chippingnorton_n ancient_o ceapan-nertune_a be_v also_o most_o certain_o a_o town_n of_o note_n in_o the_o saxon_n day_n as_o one_o may_v gather_v from_o its_o name_n it_o be_v so_o call_v from_o ceapan_n emere_fw-la to_o buy_v or_o cheapen_v so_o that_o it_o imply_v as_o much_o as_o mercat_n norton_n or_o norton_n where_o the_o people_n usual_o cheapen_v ware_n and_o whitney_n now_o witney_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v a_o town_n of_o good_a repute_n before_o the_o conquest_n it_o be_v give_v about_o the_o year_n 1040._o to_o the_o church_n of_o st._n swithins_n winton_n with_o eight_o other_o manor_n by_o alwinus_fw-la then_o bishop_n of_o that_o see_v who_o for_o his_o over-familiarity_n with_o emma_n mother_n to_o k._n edward_n the_o confessor_n be_v causeless_o suspect_v of_o adultery_n with_o she_o of_o which_o suspicion_n queen_n emma_n purge_v herself_o and_o he_o by_o the_o fire_n ordeal_o of_o walk_v barefoot_a over_o nine_o red-hot_a ploughshare_n without_o hurt_n in_o thankfulness_n it_o be_v say_v they_o each_o give_v nine_o manor_n to_o the_o church_n of_o winchester_n which_o be_v all_o name_v by_o mr._n dugdale_n witney_n be_v one_o of_o those_o give_v by_o alwinus_fw-la 980._o alwinus_fw-la monastici_fw-la anglicani_n vol._n 1._o inter_fw-la addenda_fw-la pag._n 980._o 121._o and_o the_o neighbour_a town_n of_o bampton_n ancient_o bemtune_n seem_v to_o be_v of_o much_o about_o the_o same_o antiquity_n yet_o neither_o can_v i_o find_v any_o high_a record_n of_o it_o than_o of_o leofric_n chaplain_n to_o king_n edward_n the_o confessor_n who_o an._n 1046._o upon_o the_o union_n of_o the_o bishopric_n of_o criditon_n and_o cornwall_n and_o both_o of_o they_o translate_v to_o exeter_n whereof_o he_o be_v make_v the_o first_o bishop_n quick_o after_o give_v to_o this_o his_o new_a church_n his_o aet_fw-la bemtune_n princip_n bemtune_n e_o cod._n vet_z ms._n in_o bib._n bod._n fol._n med._n 120._o in_o princip_n to_o which_o it_o belong_v to_o this_o very_a day_n 122._o which_o be_v all_o i_o can_v meet_v with_o of_o the_o town_n of_o oxford-shire_n before_o the_o conquest_n for_o after_o long_a search_n i_o can_v find_v nothing_o of_o deddington_n till_o about_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n edw._n 2._o whereof_o when_o i_o come_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o castle_n there_o concern_v which_o i_o can_v have_v add_v much_o more_o and_o bring_v their_o history_n down_o to_o these_o time_n as_o above_o in_o banbury_n only_o that_o and_o whatever_o else_o be_v worthy_a notice_n of_o they_o may_v be_v find_v in_o some_o other_o modern_a history_n 123._o yet_o before_o we_o come_v to_o the_o time_n since_o the_o conquest_n let_v we_o first_o remember_v that_o the_o town_n of_o islip_n sax._n gightslepe_o or_o gibetslepe_o must_v needs_o be_v of_o good_a repute_n in_o those_o day_n for_o camden_n say_v express_o and_o so_o do_v several_a other_o author_n that_o king_n edward_n the_o confessor_n be_v bear_v there_o which_o they_o prove_v from_o his_o original_a charter_n of_o restoration_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o westminster_n wherein_o he_o give_v to_o this_o his_o new_a church_n the_o town_n of_o islip_n with_o the_o additional_a clause_n of_o the_o place_n where_o he_o be_v bear_v oxon._n bear_v camd._n britan._n in_o com._n oxon._n which_o though_o it_o be_v true_a i_o can_v not_o find_v in_o mr._n dugdale_n 59_o dugdale_n vid._n monasticon_fw-la angl._n vol._n 1._o p._n 59_o yet_o here_o remain_v some_o footstep_n of_o the_o ancient_a palace_n and_o a_o chapel_n now_o put_v to_o profane_a use_n call_v the_o king_n chapel_n and_o the_o town_n still_o belong_v to_o the_o church_n of_o westminster_n there_o be_v no_o great_a doubt_n to_o be_v make_v of_o the_o thing_n tradition_n itself_o be_v not_o like_a to_o be_v erroneous_a in_o a_o matter_n of_o this_o nature_n though_o there_o be_v no_o such_o charter_n to_o prove_v the_o thing_n allege_v which_o yet_o we_o have_v reason_n to_o believe_v there_o be_v or_o be_v though_o not_o produce_v by_o mr._n dugdale_n 124._o in_o the_o chapel_n abovementioned_a not_o many_o year_n since_o there_o stand_v as_o be_v constant_o deliver_v down_o to_o posterity_n the_o very_a font_n wherein_o that_o religious_a prince_n st._n edward_n the_o confessor_n receive_v the_o sacrament_n of_o baptism_n which_o together_o with_o the_o chapel_n in_o these_o latter_a day_n be_v put_v to_o some_o indecent_a at_o least_o if_o not_o profane_a use_n be_v careful_o and_o plous_o rescue_v from_o it_o by_o some_o of_o the_o right_n worshipful_a family_n of_o the_o brown_n of_o nether_a kiddington_n where_o it_o now_o remain_v in_o the_o garden_n of_o that_o worthy_a gentleman_n sir_n henry_n brown_a baronet_n set_v handsome_o on_o a_o pedestal_n as_o exact_o represent_v tab._n 16._o fig._n 6._o and_o adorn_v with_o a_o poem_n rather_o pious_a than_o learned_a which_o yet_o i_o think_v i_o have_v put_v down_o but_o that_o it_o be_v imperfect_a 125._o which_o holy_a king_n edward_n be_v the_o first_o to_o who_o be_v grant_v the_o gift_n of_o sanation_n only_o with_o the_o touch_n of_o his_o hand_n of_o the_o disease_n call_v the_o struma_n or_o scrofula_n and_o in_o english_a upon_o this_o account_n the_o king_n evil_a which_o as_o a_o mark_n of_o god_n most_o especial_a favour_n to_o this_o kingdom_n have_v be_v transmit_v with_o it_o as_o a_o hereditary_a gift_n to_o all_o his_o successor_n every_o sacred_a hand_n in_o all_o age_n ever_o since_o that_o have_v hold_v the_o sceptre_n of_o this_o most_o happy_a and_o now_o flourish_a kingdom_n have_v be_v signal_o blessed_v by_o divers_a and_o undoubted_a experiment_n of_o heal_v that_o disease_n 126._o before_o they_o touch_v for_o this_o distemper_n they_o have_v always_o prayer_n read_v suitable_a to_o the_o occasion_n both_o which_o when_o perform_v the_o king_n forthwith_o bestow_v on_o every_o patient_n a_o piece_n of_o angel-gold_n purposely_o coin_v and_o put_v upon_o a_o white_a ribbon_n to_o be_v hang_v about_o the_o neck_n which_o as_o long_o as_o wear_v preserve_v the_o virtue_n of_o the_o touch_n though_o dr._n tooker_n will_v have_v it_o only_o sanitatis_fw-la symbolum_fw-la inchoatae_fw-la &_o eleemosynae_fw-la sacrae_fw-la monumentum_fw-la concessum_fw-la monumentum_fw-la gul._n tookeri_n charisma_n sive_fw-la donum_fw-la sanationis_fw-la reg._n ang._n coelitus_fw-la concessum_fw-la i._n e._n a_o mark_n that_o the_o cure_n be_v already_o begin_v and_o a_o last_a memorial_n of_o the_o king_n charity_n and_o piety_n to_o the_o poor_a patient_n 127._o however_o it_o be_v that_o this_o be_v the_o custom_n ab_fw-la initio_fw-la i_o take_v to_o be_v plain_a from_o that_o piece_n of_o gold_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o confessor_n tab._n 16._o fig._n 5._o find_v in_o st._n giles_n field_n in_o the_o suburb_n of_o oxon._n have_v the_o initial_a letter_n of_o his_o name_n over_o the_o hinder_a part_n of_o the_o head_n and_o two_o small_a hole_n through_o it_o as_o if_o design_v to_o be_v be_v on_o a_o ribbon_n for_o the_o purpose_n abovementioned_a the_o hole_n be_v strengthen_v with_o gold_n wire_n fasten_v round_o they_o and_o to_o the_o piece_n itself_o much_o after_o the_o fashion_n of_o the_o eye_n of_o a_o man_n doublet_n as_o exact_o describe_v in_o the_o figure_n ut_fw-la supra_fw-la which_o piece_n be_v lend_v i_o by_o that_o courteous_a gentleman_n sir_n john_n holeman_n baronet_n in_o who_o possession_n it_o now_o remain_v at_o his_o house_n near_o northampton_n 128._o from_o king_n edward_n the_o confessor_n be_v bear_v at_o islip_n it_o be_v easy_a to_o collect_v that_o his_o father_n king_n aethelred_n must_v necessary_o have_v have_v
he_o teach_v they_o that_o can_v hear_v he_o how_o they_o shall_v live_v 7._o to_o which_o perhaps_o may_v be_v add_v the_o great_a council_n of_o kyrtlington_n hold_v there_o not_o long_o after_o in_o a_o 977_o at_o which_o be_v present_a king_n edward_n the_o martyr_n and_o st_n dunstan_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o at_o which_o die_v sidemannus_n bishop_n of_o crediton_n this_o council_n by_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n 493._o spelman_n h._n spelman_n council_n tom._n 1._o an._n 977._o p._n 493._o be_v take_v to_o be_v the_o same_o mention_v by_o wigorniensis_n hold_v at_o kyrtlinege_v which_o he_o guess_v to_o be_v now_o katlage_n in_o cambridge-shire_n but_o i_o rather_o believe_v it_o be_v hold_v here_o not_o only_o for_o the_o sake_n of_o the_o name_n which_o remain_v the_o same_o to_o this_o day_n but_o because_o of_o the_o one_o and_o only_a constitution_n make_v there_o viz._n that_o it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a for_o the_o country_n people_n to_o go_v in_o pilgrimage_n to_o st._n mary_n of_o abington_n a_o thing_n in_o all_o likelihood_n not_o so_o desirable_a to_o the_o people_n of_o cambridge-shire_n as_o to_o we_o of_o oxford-shire_n so_o near_o the_o place_n beside_o the_o great_a reputation_n that_o this_o place_n be_v of_o in_o ancient_a time_n seem_v to_o justify_v my_o plea_n it_o enjoy_v as_o great_a privilege_n and_o perhaps_o be_v a_o fit_a place_n in_o those_o day_n for_o the_o reception_n of_o such_o a_o assembly_n than_o oxford_n itself_o for_o i_o find_v it_o part_n of_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n from_o who_o it_o come_v to_o henry_n son_n of_o edmund_n crouchback_n earl_n of_o lancaster_n and_o father_n to_o henry_n the_o first_o duke_n of_o lancaster_n by_o who_o daughter_n and_o sole_a heir_n blanch_n it_o come_v to_o john_n of_o gaunt_n duke_n of_o aquitane_n and_o lancaster_n and_o be_v free_a a_o thelonio_n passagio_fw-la lastagio_fw-it pacagio_fw-it stallagio_fw-it tallagio_fw-la tollagio_fw-it cariagio_fw-it &_o terragio_fw-it per_fw-la totum_fw-la regnum_fw-la as_o i_o find_v it_o in_o a_o old_a charter_n in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o right_n worshipful_a sir_n tho_o chamberleyne_v now_o lord_n of_o the_o town_n who_o singular_a civility_n in_o impart_v this_o and_o some_o other_o matter_n hereafter_o to_o be_v mention_v i_o can_v but_o in_o gratitude_n ever_o acknowledge_v 8._o from_o whence_o after_o so_o long_o but_o i_o hope_v not_o unpleasant_a digression_n i_o return_v to_o the_o beautiful_a oxford_n again_o a_o place_n of_o so_o sweet_a and_o wholesome_a a_o air_n that_o though_o it_o must_v not_o be_v compare_v with_o that_o of_o montpellier_n yet_o upon_o my_o own_o knowledge_n it_o have_v prove_v so_o advantageous_a to_o some_o that_o it_o have_v prefect_o recover_v they_o of_o deep_a consumption_n and_o particular_o a_o worthy_a friend_n of_o i_o who_o though_o he_o come_v hither_o sufficient_o spend_v yet_o without_o the_o help_n of_o any_o other_o physic_n within_o few_o month_n feel_v a_o sensible_a amendment_n and_o in_o few_o year_n become_v of_o as_o sanguine_a a_o complexion_n as_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o friend_n that_o have_v almost_o despair_v of_o he_o 9_o some_o have_v think_v the_o small_a pox_n here_o more_o then_o ordinary_o frequent_a and_o it_o must_v indeed_o be_v confess_v that_o we_o be_v perhaps_o as_o often_o though_o not_o so_o severe_o infest_a as_o some_o other_o place_n for_o general_o here_o they_o be_v so_o favourable_a and_o kind_a that_o be_v the_o nurse_n but_o tolerable_o good_a the_o patient_n seldom_o miscarry_v but_o admit_v the_o objection_n be_v true_o make_v that_o it_o be_v more_o subject_n to_o the_o small_a pox_n than_o other_o neighbour_a city_n about_o yet_o if_o by_o so_o much_o the_o less_o it_o feel_v the_o rage_n of_o the_o plague_n i_o think_v the_o edge_n of_o the_o charge_n be_v sufficient_o rebate_v it_o be_v report_v among_o the_o 49._o the_o philosoph_n transact_v num_fw-la 49._o observation_n of_o a_o ingenious_a person_n that_o reside_v long_o in_o the_o island_n japan_n that_o though_o the_o air_n be_v very_o salubrious_a there_o yet_o the_o small_a pox_n and_o flux_n be_v very_o frequent_a but_o the_o plague_n not_o so_o much_o as_o ever_o hear_v of_o which_o have_v often_o make_v i_o reflect_v on_o the_o year_n 1665_o when_o the_o pestilence_n be_v spread_v in_o a_o manner_n all_o over_o the_o kingdom_n that_o even_o then_o though_o the_o court_n both_o house_n of_o parliament_n and_o the_o term_n be_v keep_v at_o oxford_n the_o plague_n notwithstanding_o be_v not_o there_o at_o all_o 10._o other_o again_o tell_v we_o of_o the_o black_a assize_n hold_v in_o the_o castle_n here_o an_z 1577._o when_o a_o poisonous_a steam_n break_v forth_o of_o the_o earth_n and_o so_o mortal_o seize_v the_o spirit_n of_o the_o judge_n sheriff_n justice_n gentry_z and_o juries_n beside_o great_a number_n of_o other_o that_o attend_v the_o business_n that_o they_o sicken_v upon_o it_o and_o almost_o all_o of_o they_o die_v but_o let_v it_o not_o be_v ascribe_v to_o ill_a fume_n and_o exhalation_n ascend_v from_o the_o earth_n and_o poison_v the_o air_n for_o such_o will_v have_v equal_o affect_v the_o prisoner_n as_o judge_n but_o we_o find_v not_o that_o they_o die_v otherwise_o then_o by_o the_o halter_n which_o easy_o persuade_v i_o to_o be_v of_o the_o mind_n of_o my_o 914._o my_o nat._n hist_o cent._n 10._o num_fw-la 914._o lord_n verulam_n who_o attribute_n it_o whole_o to_o the_o smell_n of_o the_o goal_n where_o the_o prisoner_n have_v be_v long_o close_o and_o nasty_o keep_v 11._o it_o be_v true_a that_o oxford_n be_v much_o more_o unhealthy_a heretofore_o then_o now_o it_o be_v by_o reason_n the_o city_n be_v then_o much_o less_o and_o the_o scholar_n many_o more_o who_o when_o crowd_v up_o in_o so_o narrow_a a_o space_n and_o the_o then_o slovenly_a townsman_n not_o keep_v the_o street_n clean_o but_o kill_v all_o manner_n of_o cattle_n within_o the_o wall_n do_v render_v the_o place_n much_o more_o unhealthy_a hence_o it_o be_v that_o we_o find_v so_o many_o rescript_n of_o our_o king_n prohibit_v mactationem_fw-la grossarum_fw-la bestiarum_fw-la infra_fw-la muros_fw-la &_o quod_fw-la vici_fw-la mundentur_fw-la à_fw-la fimis_fw-la &_o fimariis_fw-la bear_v date_n 13_o hen._n 3._o 29_o edw._n 1._o 12_o edw._n 3._o 37_o hen._n 6._o 91._o 6._o mss._n in_o arch._n bib._n bod._n fol._n 90_o 91._o and_o all_o allege_v the_o reason_n quia_fw-la per_fw-la have_v mactationes_fw-la etc._n etc._n aer_fw-la ibidem_fw-la inficitur_fw-la because_o by_o the_o kill_a such_o manner_n of_o cattle_n and_o lay_v the_o dung_n in_o the_o street_n the_o air_n be_v infect_v moreover_o about_o these_o time_n the_o isis_n and_o cherwell_n through_o the_o carelessness_n of_o the_o townsman_n be_v fill_v with_o mud_n and_o the_o common-shoar_n by_o this_o mean_v stop_v do_v cause_v the_o ascent_n of_o malignant_a vapour_n wherever_o there_o happen_v to_o be_v a_o flood_n for_o beside_o its_o stir_v the_o infectious_a mass_n great_a part_n of_o the_o water_n can_v not_o timely_o pass_v away_o but_o stagnate_v in_o the_o low_a meadow_n can_v not_o but_o increase_v the_o noxious_a putrid_a steam_n but_o the_o former_a be_v long_a since_o remedy_v by_o the_o care_n of_o the_o university_n and_o the_o latter_a by_o the_o piety_n and_o charge_n of_o richard_n fox_n bishop_n of_o winchester_n and_o founder_n of_o c.c.c._n oxon._n who_o in_o the_o year_n 1517._o cleanse_v the_o river_n and_o cut_v more_o trench_n for_o the_o water_n free_a passage_n 245._o passage_n hist_o &_o antiq._n univers_n oxon._n lib._n 1._o pag._n 245._o the_o town_n have_v ever_o since_o continue_v in_o a_o healthful_a condition_n though_o i_o can_v but_o believe_v but_o be_v there_o yet_o more_o trench_n cut_v in_o some_o of_o the_o meadow_n the_o air_n may_v be_v somewhat_o better_v still_o especial_o during_o the_o winter_n season_n when_o i_o fear_v sometime_o flood_n stay_v a_o little_a too_o long_o and_o that_o not_o only_o near_o oxford_n but_o in_o otmoor_n and_o all_o along_o the_o isis_n from_o ensham_n to_o north-moor_n shifford_n chim_o and_o rotcot_n which_o bring_v i_o again_o to_o the_o general_a consideration_n of_o the_o water_n as_o well_o of_o the_o whole_a county_n as_o city_n 12._o that_o the_o healthiness_n of_o water_n consist_v in_o their_o due_a impregnation_n with_o salt_n and_o sulphur_n and_o their_o continuance_n so_o in_o their_o continual_a motion_n be_v indisputable_o evince_v from_o the_o stink_a evaporation_n of_o they_o upon_o any_o stagnation_n now_o that_o the_o river_n here_o abound_v with_o these_o will_v be_v altogether_o as_o manifest_v as_o that_o they_o run_v if_o we_o consider_v but_o the_o spring_n they_o receive_v and_o earth_n they_o wash_v the_o isis_n it_o be_v true_a till_o it_o come_v to_o new-bridge_n receive_v not_o that_o i_o