Selected quad for the lemma: england_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
england_n	earl_n	king_n	stephen_n	2,661	5	10.9068	5	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A86615	Bella Scot-Anglica. A brief of all the battells, and martiall encounters which have happened 'twixt England and Scotland, from all times to the present. VVherunto is annexed a corollary, declaring the causes whereby the Scot is come of late years to be so heightned in his spirits; with some prophecies which are much cryed up, as reflecting upon the fate of both nations.	Howell, James, 1594?-1666.	1648 (1648)	Wing H3056; Thomason E435_25; ESTC R15335	15,099	23

Bella Scot-Anglica A BRIEF OF ALL THE Battells and Martiall Encounters which have happened 'twixt ENGLAND and SCOTLAND from all times to this present VVherunto is annexed a Corollary Declaring the causes whereby the Scot is come of late years to be so hightned in his spirits With some Prophecies which are much cryed up as reflecting upon the fate of both Nations Printed in the Yeare 1648. Bella Scot-Anglica A Briefe of all the Battels and Martiall Encounters which have happen'd 'twixt England and Scotland from all times to this present c. The Proeme THe Design of this short Discourse is to relate the Quarrels and sundry traverses of Warre which have passed from time to time between England and Scotland Extracted out of the most approved and impartiall Historians as well Scottish as English French and others Out of which premisses are deduced these Conclusions First That Scotland hath been alwayes apt and forward to apprehend any occasion to invade and visit her Neighbour England Secondly That when she was at the highest pitch of strength and had the greatest advantages against her when she had active and martiall Kings for her Generalls and the French for her firm Confederates with other Coadjutors and Auxiliaries she could never be a match no not by many degrees for England whether you respect the int●insick power of the Country or the innated prowesse of the people All which will clearly appeare by the circumstances and successe of divers Battells and interchangeable Exploits which being indifferently ballanc'd it will be found that if Scotland did sometimes beat England with the scabbard England may bee truly sayd to have beaten her more often with the blade I Will not look back and rake the ashes of antiquity so far as to speak of the sociall warre they entred into with the ancient Brittaines and Picts against the English when they began to take first firme footing in England Nor of that so famous battell 'twixt Athelstan and them at which time they had a great Army of Danes joyned with them when being above twice more in number then the English King Athelstan carried away a compleat victory by a kind of back-blow Parthian like For the two Armies being ready to joyne the English made semblance to fly away leaving all their baggage behinde and much matter for booty which as the Scots and Danes were sharing the English suddenly wheeled about by the advantage of a woody hill and finding them in disarray and the Souldiers laden with pillage they rushed upon them with that resolution that above fourty thousand of them fell and as Buchanan their Prime Chronologer recordeth the flower of their Nobility perished that day But I intend not to involve my discourse in these mistie times but will take my rise from the Norman Conquest for indeed the Historie of great Brittaine being over clouded with so many incertainties casteth but a dim light before those times whereas since she shines with such a lustre that what stands upon Record may be asserted for cleere and undeniable truth At that time I mean the time of the Conquest Scotland did England a very good office by preserving the English blood-royall which not long after returned to the Crowne in Henry the second but it was casually For Prince Edgar and his Mother with his two Sisters intending to goe for Denmarke some say for Hungarie and being by distresse of weather driven upon the Scottish coasts they were hospitably received by Malcoline then King of Scotland At which time civility with the English tongue took first footing in the Scottish Court as the French did amongst the English WILL the second THe first dart of War that was thrown 'twixt England and Scotland after the Conquest was in Will Rufus his raign when the Scots having made divers incursions into the English Pa●e Moubray Earle of Northumberland was sent against them who Encountring their King Malcoline with his eldest son in the field they were both slain and the whole Army overthrown Afterwards the Scots choosing the dead Kings brother King William went in person and depos'd him causing Edward the second son of the slain King to be crowned and making him to sweare fealty and homage to England But the Scots obtain'd the favour of King William that neither English or Norman should beare any office of State in Scotland King STEPHEN KIng Stephen having oblig'd the Scots by many high favours by giving Cumberland to David their King and making his eldest son Earle of Huntington Yet so ingratefull did they prove that they provok'd him to send Thurston then Archb. of Yorke with such an Army that meeting with the King himselfe in the head of his Forces he utterly discomfited him with the death of 10000. of his men HENRY the second HEnry the second though the pulse of those times did beat high and that he was distracted with a world of con●●●ions yet employing the York-shire Knights Humphrey Vile Scutvill and Vescy they with their victorious Armes tooke the Scots King in the field and tendred him prisoner at Northampton whence King Henry carried him along to attend him in his warres in France RICHARD the first RIchard coeur de Lion caused William King of Scotland to carry the Sword before him at his second Coronation at his return from the holy Land At which time King Rich. passed a Royall Charter that whensoever the King of Scotland was summond to the English Court the Bishop of Durham and Sheriffe of Northumberland should receive him at Tweede and accompany him to Teis from Teis the Archbishop of Yorke should attend him to the borders of that County and so the Bish. and Sheriffs of other Counties untill he came to the English Court King JOHN KIng Iohn one of the weakest Princes and the most forlorne that ever England had considering how the Pope and all the world did bandy against him and what fearefull exigents he was reduced unto yet finding Alexander the second then King of Scotland to give sanctuary to his fugitive clergy and foment others against him made an expedition thither himselfe but the two armies being ready to buckle the Scot seing fire and sword to gape upon him submitted himselfe and subscribed to such termes as the Conqueror propounded EDVVARD the First NOw come I to the scourge or as his Tombe in Westminster tells me the hammer of the Scotts-men Edwardus primus Scotorum malleus hic est He causeth Balioll to come to Newcastle to sweare Fealty and homage to him who after flying to the French King Edward was so netled for this his defection that though he had a farre greater arrand in France yet he chose rather to employ Edmund Earle of Lancaster thither and to march himselfe to Scotland in the front of a puissant army where the Scots in farre greater numbers shewed their teeth only but durst not bite King Edward summons Balioll to Berwicke when he resubmitted himself with all the Nobles in open Parliament which

he held there And for caution brought the King himselfe along with him leaving the Earle of Surrey Warden of Scotland Not long after the Scots revolted againe notwithstanding their King was in England having one Wallie for their ring-leader who did much mischiefe on the frontiers And their insolency grew to that hight that besides their inrodes they began to rhime upon him What this Edward with his land shanks But he payed them for their rhiming with a vengeance He goeth againe in person and at ●●nkirk battaile kild out right 200. of their Nobles and Gentry with 40. thousand common Souldiers Then he summons a Parliament at Edenburgh where all the Nobles sweare him fealty againe He carrieth away the Ragman roll the blacke crosse and the stone wherein they say the fate of their Kingdome is fixed Then was there offer'd a third provocation when le Bruce was crowned King of Scotland The Earle of Pembrooke was sent against him who utterly defeated him at Iohnston Hereupon le Bruce flyeth to the Popes pantofle making him Lord Paramount of Scotland which moved King Edward notwithstanding the menaces and fulminations of the Pope who wished him to forbeare the Scots because they were an exempt nation belonging to the Roman Chappell to make a fourth expedition thither where he constrained le Bruce to fly to Norway where he blew on his nayles while K. Edward lived And so eager was this great King in pursuite of this action that falling sickly upon the way He said If I die before I enter Scotland I charge you to go on couragiously and carry my body round about the Country but it pleased God to reprieve him untill he had done his businesse himselfe EDVVARD the second BUt here comes a cooling-card for the English Edward the second whose greatest honor was to be son to a Peerles father and father to an incomparable son Rosa spinam spina rosam genuit In his time all went to wrack especially in Scotland At Bannocks battaile Gilbert de clare Earle of Glocester and 40 Barons more with 700 Knights and Gentlemen and as some stories record above 40000. more were slaine Which defeat was imputed principally to the ill choice of ground the English had taken The Scots had behind them rocks hills and woods to fly into if necessity required before them loughs and moores that the assailant could not march further Adde hereunto the pusillanimity of the King and the spirits of men are much raysed by their leader who was sayd to fly first and better it is for a lion to lead sheepe then for a sheepe to lead a company of lions The Scots hereupon were so agog that they enter Ireland with an Army under the conduct of Edward Bruce the Kings brother who landing at Karig Fergus ransack'd all the North parts where he tooke such firme footing that he proclaym'd himselfe King of Ireland though he had onely over-ranne Ulster At which time there was such a direfull famine that in some places of Ireland dead bodies were digged up and their flesh boyled in their sculls to be eaten as the story tells But two yeares after Sir Io. Bremingham then chiefe Justice with the Archbishop of Armagh went with such a power against this upstart King that at Dundalke they got a most compleat victory one Manpas as it seemed having kild the King hand to hand for both their dead bodies were found together and Manpas covering the Kings body In England another Army was sent against the Scots called the Yorke Army which was also overthrowne at Milton upon Swayle Nevertheles the King would venture once more in Person and with a numerous Army invaded Scotland The Scots fly into the woods and places of fastnes And for want of provision in that hungry country the English were forced to retire but in the retraict they were so pursued that they lost all their ammunition which was attributed to the treason of Sir Andrew Harkley But your criticall Annalists ascribe it to the poverty of spirit in the royall head who being become hatefull to God and man first for perjury by infringing the oath he made to his Barons then by disobedience to his father who in his death bed charged him upon his blessing to abandon Piers Gaveston whom nevertheless he still doted upon with the Spencers by whose counsels hee guided himselfe And it was alwaies seen that Princes of an ill destiny follow the worst counsells EDVVARD the third BUt here comes a spirit who will soundly vindicate his fathers affronts Edward the third a Prince that was the soonest a man and the longest that lasted so of any in the whole catalogue of English Kings yet being but young when the Diadem first begirt his temples after an encounter at Stanhope Park where great multitudes of Scots appeared but vanished away like meteors skulking in woods and mountains In the Parliament held at Northampton the King of Scotland was released of his homage But some years after when the young King began to understand himself hee sent an army with Balioll whom he caused to be crowned at Scone And afterwards there was a Battell fought at Hallidowne where the English made the Scots a bridge of gold to fly over for they betook themselves all to their heeles King Balioll being thus restored Scotland became feuditary to England againe But a few years after king Ed. being deeply engag'd in his French wars and thinking Hoc agere the Scots presuming his absence would prove advantagious to them make cursorie sallies out of Scotland and plunder all before them in the North by the instigation of the French But the Queen and the Lords of the North make such a levy of Martiall forces that they entred Scotland like thunder and at a mighty battell one Copland takes the King prisoner whom pleading the law of arms he would not deliver the Queen untill the King had sent order from France This overthrow was given upon Saturday and upon Saturday six weeks before the battell of Cressy had bin fought with another against the Duke of Brittain in all which king Edward prov'd victorious And being triumphantly return'd from France with the Flower-de-luces upon his sword and redoubted now by all the Princes of the Christian world having a triumverate of kings his prisoners one would think the Scot would have bin quiet but they still provoked him so far that in the dead of Winter and King Ed. was a Prince for all weathers he went thither in Person himself tooke Berwick and had all Scotlond resign'd unto him by the King himselfe and the Nobles who joyntly swore fealty and homage to him RICHARD the second NOw the grand-childe of this great King who turn'd the wheele of his times every where up and downe the Christian world as he pleased mounts the stage The Scots begin to infest the borders and doe other acts of hostility being actually assisted by the French king who sent thither his Admirall with a 1000. men at armes

the Earl of Norfolke was sent with 20000. men who for 8. daies did what he would within the bowels of the Country Anothor Army was sent undet the Command of the Lord Dacres and Wharton who gave them such a mortall blow that eight Earls were taken prisoners and 200. Gentlemen and 800. more and the stories concurre that there was scarce a souldier but had at least his two prisoners this was Solmemosse battell Yet for all this such is the inclination of the English to bee at peace with their neighbours that a match was concluded and ratified by act of Parliament with a speciall instrument under the Scots Noble-mens hands between Prince Edward and the young Queen Mary yet by the cunning negotiation of the French the Scot fell off Hereupon old king Henry who could digest no indignities sent 200. ships laden with souldiers to the Frith under the Earl of Hereford who marched as far as Edinburgh burnt the town and part of the castle returning with revenge and rich bootie A while after the Scots understanding the King was gone to France thought to serve themselves of that advantage and to fall upon the borders but the Earl of Hereford repelled them EDVVARD the sixt EDward the sixt though yet in his minority seemed to be sensible of the affront the Scot had put upon him for a wife though his Father had vindicated it pritty well but as the case stood nothing could concerne England more then to hinder that the French of any in the world should have her And now am I come to the last true battell that was fought 'twixt England and Scotland since the Conquest The Duke of Sommerset was appointed Generall the Earle of VVarwicke his Lieutenant Generall the Lord Clinton Admirall had 60. shipps of warre which were to hold course with the Land-forces So from Barwicke with a sober Army they entred Scotland consisting of about 13000. foot and 1200. men at arms 2500. light horse 16. peeces of Ordnance every peece having a guard of Pioners who came in all to 1400. They had marched as far as Musselborough far within the Country and with infinite pains did they surmount the naturall and artificiall difficulties of the wayes three small Castles they seized upon in their march without offering any act of violence to small or great They understood the Regent of Scotland did far exceed them in number and there came Recruits hourely to him for the fire crosse was carried about by the Heralds through all parts which is two firebrands upon the point of a Spear that all above 16. and under 60 should resort to the Generall rendezvous so that the Historians on both sides leave the number of them indefinite to this day but they all agree that they were at least twice as many and they had twice as many Ordnance yet notwithstanding many other advantage it pleased God to give the English a compleat victory and victories are the decrees of Heaven when there is no tribunall on earth to determine the quarrell This hapned precisely the same day that Flodden field battell was fought 34. years before There were 14000. slain out-right whereof there were 3000. Kirk-men Fryars and Monks above 1500. taken prisoners whereof young Huntly and other great Lords were of the number the spoiles of the field 30000 jacks and 30. peeces of Ordnance were shipped for England and the English plundred the Country up and down 5. daies march further To these exploits at home may be added a smart blow the English gave the Scots in Ireland in Sir Io. Perrots government for some 2000. Redshanks being come over by the Burks means like a swarm of Catterpillers they proll'd and pill'd up and down Sir Ri. Bingham then Governour of Connaught made head against them with a small contemptible number and at the river of Earne neer Slego slew them all out-right so that not one soule escaped to return to Scotland with newes what became of the rest Touching these late traverses of warre 'twixt England and Scotland 't is true that infortunate England hath drawne upon her selfe a great deale of dishonour in the opinion of the world abroad specially among those who understand not the true carriage of things For these late rushings in of the Scot cannot be so properly call'd invasions a●invitations by some spurious and most unworthy degenerous Englishmen who from a long time had plotted the bringing of them in and it was the most pernicious and basest treason that ever was practis'd against poore England But to give a full and satisfactory relation of this Warre I will deduce the busines from the beginning Before this unlucky storme fell 'twixt England and Scotland there were certain clowds issuing from the vapors of divers discontented braines plainly discern'd to hover up and downe a long time in both Kingdomes specially in that Northerne Region The first which appeard was when some yeers after his Majesties accesse to the crowne there was an act of revocation passed where some things which had insensibly slipped away from the crowne and other things which were illegally snatch'd from the church were resum'd and reannex'd to both which lighting upon some of the great ones they were over heard to murmure though this was done with as much moderation as possibly could be and by the mature advice of the Counsell of state there with the free opinion of the approved'st Lawyers of that Kingdome and from hence issued the first symptome of discontentment Not long after his Majesty being inform'd of the meane and servile condition of the Ministers of that Kingdome which have the charge of the conscience and service of God and make up a considerable part of the free borne subjects his Majesty understanding what poore pittances they receiv'd for their subsistence and for those small stipends also or rather almes of benevolence they depended upon the pleasure of the Laiks His Majesty by a speciall Commission to that end found away to augment and acertain that allowance and free them from that slavish kind of clientele and dependency they had upon the seculars Whence may bee inferr'd what monsters of ingratitude those men shew'd themselves to be afterwards by exasperating and poysoning the hearts of the people against their soveraigne in their virulent and seditious preachments and inviting them to armes Not long after when the poore husbandman and owners of corn were bound to pay tithes to lay persons call'd there the Lords of the ●rection were much incommodated by them because they could not take in their corn till the Parson had fetch'd away his tithe who sometimes to shew his power or spleen peradventure would defer of purpose the taking in thereof whereby the whole crop by not taking advantage of the weather would oftimes suffer His Majesty for the redresse of this grievance appointed Commissioners who found a way to purchase those tiths and bring the impropriators to take a pecuniary certain rent counterveylable unto them Hereupon the Laie