the other This was the practise of those kings when they had a desire to change their wiues either for their pleasures or for some other aduancements the Pope interposing himselfe dispencing binding or dissoluing at his will and pleasure by the authoritie of the Romish Sea The second daughter of D. Sancho king of Portugal and of D. Aldoncia was Donna Malfada Queene of Castile a Lady of rare beauty whom D. Henry of Castile married but Pope Innocent the 3. dissolued this marriage within few daies by the solicitation of D. Berenguela sister to this king of Castile who in disdaine that Don Aluaro de Lara had concluded it without her priuitie informed the Pope of their neere allyance that was betwixt them and perswaded him to separate them but this Princesse being thus reiected retired in great disdaine into Portugal where she liued the rest of her daies in the Monasterie of Ronca built by her The third daughter was Donna Sancha a Nunne in the Monasterie of Saint Francis of Alanguer built by her The fourth Donna Blanche Lady of Guadalacaria in Castile and the fifth and last was D. Berenguela who was not maried but did accompany her eldest sister Donna Theresa when as she retired to the Monastery of Lorban This King D. Sancho had familiarity with two Gentlewomen after the death of his wife the first was called Donna Maria Aires of Fornello by whom hee had one daughter called Donna Vrraca and D. Martin Sanches of Portugall who was Gouernor of the fronter of Portugall and a great fauourite to Don Alphonso king of Leon his brother-in-law he married Donna Olalla Peres daughter to the Earle D. Pero Fernandes de Castro Don Sancho did marrie this Gentlewoman his friend to knight called D. Gil Vasquez de Sonça and tooke a second friend whose name was Donna Maria Peres de Ribera whom he loued much and by her had Donna Theresa Sanches who was wife to Don Alphonso Tellez founder of the towne of Albuquerque and had also one sonne called D. Ruy Sancho of Portugall and another daughter Donna Constance Sanches who built the Monasterie of Saint Francis at Coimbrâ— D. Ruy Sancho was slaine in a battaile neere vnto Porto so as the king D. Sancho had in all fifteene children nine lawfull and sixe Banards whereof there were seuen sonnes and eight daughters After the decease of his father hauing raigned abour foure yeares when as they began to treat of a League against the King of Castile whereof we haue made mention certaine English and French ships beeing arriued at Lisbone with many Knights and souldiers which went to the holy Land by the Streight of Gibraltar beeing stayed there by soule weather hee made vse of this occasion and intreated these passengers to assist him at the siege of Silues in the countrie of Algarbe and about the same time there arriued eighteen other ships of war which his brother-in-law Philip Earle of Flanders sent him with which forces hee tooke Sylues and did great harme vnto the Moores of that countrie It was at that time when the Emperour Frederick Barbarossa king Philip Augustus of France and Richard king of England called Corde-Lyon made their voyage into the East that this towne of Silues was taken from the Moores by the helpe of these strangers This King Don Sancho built more townes and peopled more countries then any of the kings of Portugall whereby he purchased the name of Poblador which is as much to say as Builder or peopler of Townes Valencia of Minio Torres-nouas Monte-Maior the new Batellas Penamaçor Sortella Penella Figueira Couillana Folgacino and Montemor were his works with many other places part of the which hee gaue to the Orders of Saint Iames and Auis which began in his time in Portguall to Saint Iames hee gaue Alcacar de Sal Pamela and Almada and to that of Auis Valeillas Alcanebe Geromegna Alcantade and Alpedrin with the castell of Mafra He recouered Yelbes from the Moores which they had taken from Portugall 25 D. Alphonso king of Castille Castile against whom as wee haue sayd the other foure Christian Kings of Spaine had made a League had not yet beene much annoyed thereby in the yeare 1194. An. 1194. wherefore hee thought rather to vndertake some warre against the Moores then to defend himselfe against his neighbours of whom he made shew to haue so little feare as he would not leaue any thing which he had taken or that were in controuersie nay Fort of Nauarre betwixt Logrogno and Negera he built a towne betwixt Logrogno and Nagera the which he called Nauarret to the which he gaue many liberties and freedomes as appeares by his letters granted in an assembly at Carrion in the yeare 1095. Notwithstanding all this the Confederats did not stirre but Histories make mention that D. Sancho surnamed the Strong king of Nauarre who had newly succeeded his father Don Sancho the Wise beeing deceased the yeare before 1194. and he of Leon allyed themselues with the King of Castile for the warre which he intended against the Moores of Andalusia to beginne the which he sent for Chiefe and General of his armie D. Martin Arch-bishop of Toledo a Prelate much esteemed by the Historiographers of Spaine by reason of his great vertues honoured among others by Don Roderigo his successour who termes Don Martin Stole the Diademe of the Church his wisedome prouidence the peace of many his tongue the reformation of discipline his hands the releefe of the poore and his armes the persecution of Blasphemie with other such Spanish elegancies saying in the end that the Church was happie which had such a Pastor these are his very words This Arch-bishop finding armes the fittest meanes to propagate the faith of Christ made so furious an entry into Andalusia as he left horrible markes throughout the whole Prouince where he filled all with murther ruine fire and desolation and then returned triumphantly beeing laden with great and rich spoiles but this expedition beeing suddenly made against the Moores did afterwards bring more miserie and dishonor to the King and his Estate then it had done profit or honor vnto the Bishop who had shewed more rage and fury then valour reason or warlike discipline 26 The Arch-bishops exploit did so incense Aben Ioseph King of the Arabians Moores beeing sollicited by the Moores of Spaine as hauing with great speed leuied a mighty armie of Affricane Arabians yea out of the regions neerest vnto the Negros hee passed the Sâ—eight and came into Andalusia where he ioyned with the Moores of Spaine and marched beyond the mountaine which they call Sierra Morena against the Christians King Don Alphonso the Noble beeing aduertised of this great preparation was come to lodge at Alarcos a fort at that time by reason of the situation of great Importance whether all his vassalls and men of warre of Toledo Extremadura and Castile came where hee also attended supplies from Nauarre and Leon. The Moores
stil roades and spoyling one of an other so as the Arragonois were forced to keepe great garrisons in those parts whereof the King of Arragon complayned to King Charles who commanded still that they should liue like neighbours and friends but he was not obeyed In the yeere of our Lord 1328. King Charles died at Bois de Vincennes haing raigned seuen yeeres and some daies leauing Queene Ieanne his wife with child who was deliuered of a daughter called Belanche married afterwards to Philip Duke of Orleance hee was buried at Saint Denis in France After the death of this King there were great quarrels and diuisions both in France and Nauarre In France for that during the Queenes being with child Edward King of England sonne to Isabel of France sister to the deceased King maintained that the Gouernment did belong to him One the other side Philip sonne to Charles Earle of Valois cousin germaine to the three last Kings said that the regency did belong to him as next heire to the crowne of France which did not belong but to males descended of males and was regent The Queene beeing deliuered at Bois de Vincennes of a daughter Philip of Regent was proclaymed King against the pretensions of Edward King of England who was put by vnder collour of the Salique law Herevpon followed great and continuall warres which had in a manner ruined France if God had not releeued it These contended a doubtfull title which belonged to neither of them if the crowne had fallne to the femal for Ieanne daughter to King Lewis Hutin did precede them al. 2 The death of King Charles beeing knowne in Nauarre this nation which was accustomed to liue licentiously for that they had not a long time seene the face of their Kings thought now they had gotten liberty to doe what they pleased so as they beganne to mutine and to raise seditions in all the townes of the realme In the end they discharged their choller vpon the Iewes who were dispersed throughout the townes in great numbers and very odious to the Christians as well by reason of the diuesity of religion Mâ—ssaker of Iewes in Nauarre as for their excessiue vsury whereby they did exhaust al their substance wherefore they beganne to spoile them in all places as enemies at Estella Viana Funes Marzilla and many other places with so great cruelty and greedinesse to get as it is sayd they slue aboue tenne thousand persons of that sect men women and little children To redresse which excesse and to take away the cause the Estates of Nauarre assembled at Puenta la Reyna to resolue without any respect to whom the realme of Nauarre belonged whether to Edward King of England or to D. Ieanne Countesse of Eureux The Estates were referred to Pampelone the chiefe towne of the Realme whereas their opinions were diuers many holding that King Edward should haue the Realme of Nauarre as grandchild borne of the daughter to Queene Ieanne daughter to King Henry rather then the Countesse of Eureux in regard of the sex others and with more reason held for the Countesse who was in the same degree but daughter to a sonne and heire to Queene Ieanne and peruailed drawing the rest to their opinion 3 Thus was Ieanne Countesse of Eureux declared the true and lawfull Queene of Nauarre D. Ieanne Queene of Nauarre in the yeere of our Lord 1328. the realme hauing beene vacant about foure monthes And vntill that she and Cont Philip her husband should come and take possession of the Realm An. 1328. they declared Regent and Viceroy D. Iohn Corboran of Leer Standard-bearer of the realme and Iohn Martines of Medrano Philip the third of that name the nine and twentith King of Nauarre PHilip Earle of Eureux sonne to Lewis of France who was sonne to Philip the third sonne to the King Saint Lewis is counted by vs for the nine and twentith King of Nauarre the third of that name and was surnamed the noble As soone as the Election was made by the Estates of Nauar they sent Ambassadors to Ph. of Valois the French King to let him vnderstand the reasons that the King elected had vnto the realme which had mooued the Estates to make this election and by the same Ambassadors they aduertised Philip of Eureux and Ieanne his wife thereof sommoning them to come and take possession of the realme and to gouerne it The French King did no way hinder it wherefore the Kings of Nauarre elect prepared for their voiage and arriued there about the beginning of the yeere of our Lord 1329. An. 1329. hauing not seene a King in their country of a long time The Prelats Knights and wise men of the realme before their comming had set downe in writing the conditions wherevnto they would receiue them in the succession of the realme the which before the solemnities of the coronation and oth they presented vnto Philip and to Ieanne his wife the which they yeelded willingly vnto The Estate beeing assembled at Pampelone these conditions were sworne by them whereof the principal Articles were 1 First to the Estates to maintaine and keepe the rights Articles sworn by the Kings of Nauarre lawes customes liberties and preuiledges of the Realme both written and not written and whereof they were in possession to them and their successors for euer and not to diminish but rather augment them 2 That they should disanull all that had beene done to the preiudice thereof by the King their Predecessours and by their Ministers without delay notwithstanding any let 3 That for the terme of twelue yeeres to come they should not coine any money but such as was then currant within the Realme and that during their liues they should not conine aboue one sort of new money and that they should distribute part of the reuenues profits and commodities of the realme vnto the subiects 4 That they should not receiue into their seruice aboue foure strangers but should imploy them of the country 5 That the forts and garrisons of the realme should be giuen to gentlemen borne and dwelling in the Country and not to any stranger who should doe homage to the Queene and promise for to hold them for her and for the lawfull heire of the countrie 6 That they should not exchange nor ingage the realme for any other Estat whatsoeuer 7 That they should not sell nor ingage any of reuenues of the crowne neither should make any law nor statute against the realme nor against them that should lawfully succeed therein 8 That to the first sonne which God should giue them comming to the age of twenty yeeres they should leaue the Kingdome free and without factions vpon condition that the Estates should pay vnto them for their expences a hundred thousand Sanchets which was a peece of gold then currant or in other French money equiualent 9 That if God gaue them no children in that case they should leaue the realme after
of the towne he went abord a gally and houered along the coast and by the gulph finding the country very pleasant wherefore hee grew more desirous to beseege that fort and being returned to Seuile and giuen order for all things necessarie for such an enterprise he came and inuested it both by sea and land in the month of August 1342. hauing not yet all his forces together An. 1342. but onely 4000. foot and 2600. horse with his sea army of Castile and Arragon In Algezire they made accompt that there were at the least 800. horse and 12000. foote Moores all archers and Crosse-bow men who did much annoy the Christians by their continuall sallies and skirmishes but assoone as the king of Castile had taken a fort called Carthagena lying betwixt Algezire and Gibraltar they presented themselues more warily A Moore taken in this castell beeing brought vnto the king to discouer the state of the towne was so transported with a desperate furie as had not his Guard beene and others that were neere vnto the Kings person he had slaine him Matters standing on these tearmes the king of Arragon reuoked his army for that he had need thereof against the king of Maiorca the which did somewhat incomodate the seege and at the same time the king had another cause of griefe for the death of D. Alphonso Melendez de Guzman master of S. Iames in whose place D. Frederic the kings base sonne was chosen in the campe There arriued daily at the campe great numbers of men from diuers forrain countries to serue against the Infidels by reason whereof and fore-seeing that this seege would bee difficult and long King D. Alphonso intreated the Christian Princes of France and Portugal and the Pope himselfe to lend him mony The French king assisted him with 50000. Crownes which were made ouer to Genoa Whilst they lye before Algezire Ioseph King of Granado hauing gathered together 6000. horse which he had in his country with 2000. Affricans being in garrison at Ronda hee ouer-ran the country as far as Eccia where hauing spoyled all he came to Palma which he entred without any great difficulty putting all the Christians hee found in it to the sword then packing vppe his baggage hee returned with all speed to Granado fearing to be charged by the Garrisons and Commons there-abouts who began to make a head There was a More with one eye taken in the camp who came from Castellar and was sent to kill the King of Castile as hee himselfe confessed for the which he was executed This yeare about Nouember there arriued ten gallies sent by the king of Arragon and commanded by Mathew Mercier of Valence the like number came from Portugal and ioyned with the army but within three weekes they returned and to man knew the reason yet the seege was not stayed nor the batterie discontinued before Algezire Inigo Lopes of Ozorco who had charge of the Engines vsing great diligence This was one of the longest seeges we read of in Spaine An. 1343. without any intermission of Winter or other season The yeare 1343. beeing come the king of Granado entred againe into Andalusia hee recouered and razed the Catle of Benamexir and spoyled the Towne of Estepa but hee could not stay there for that the Castle held good and yet during all these incursions this Moorish king did sollicite King Don Alphonso to come to some truce offering the like conditions whereunto he and his Predecessors had beene formerly bound but for that he would not leaue the league and friendship of the King of Maroc the King of Castile would not hearken to any treatie although hee vnderstood that king Alboacen was a Ceuta and that he made great preparation to come and raise the seege of Algezire wherein he was stayed by the iealousie hee had of his sonne Alderramen least hee should make himselfe King of Maroc in his absence whose head hee was in the end forced to cut off hauing to that end sent Hâ—scar his Alguazil or Prouost to Maroc who by promises and good words lulled this sonne asleepe being impatient in his ambition and so executed his charge The Moores of Ronda and Malaga beeing two thousand horse and as many foot came running towards Eccia not knowing that the king had sent a great troupe of horse into those marches to hinder their courses yet they forraged the countrie and tooke their way home-wards but Fernand Gonçales of Aguilar cut off their passage in the right at a riuer called de las Yeguas and charged them so furiously at the breake of day as notwithstanding any resistance they abandoned their prey and were put to route leauing aboue sixe hundred of their men slaine and taken and three hundred horse which the Christians caried away There were a good number of horse past alreadie out of Affricke so as the king of Granado ioyning them to the forces of his countrie hee might put an arny to field able to present battell to them that were at the seege before Algezire their forces being then some-what diuided for that king Don Alphonso had as we haue sayd sent a good part of his horse-men towards Eccia Carmona Marchena Vtrera Aguilar and other places but beeing either fearefull by reason of former losses or he expected greater succours from Affricke hee deferred it very happily for the king of Castile and beganne to practise a truce whereunto King Don Alphonso made shew to incline protracting the time vntill the comming of his horse whome hee had sent for with all speed vnto the campe the which beeing come there were so many difficulties propounded by him as nothing was concluded The King of Maroc being vpon the Affricke shoare with a great army hee sollicited him of Granado to giue battaile offering to send him part of his troupes if he were not of sufficient strength The King of Granado excused himselfe for that both their forces vnited together were not able to resist the fury of the Christians before Tariffe wherfore he aduised intreated him to passe in person and to bring with him all the forces he had but there was no meanes to perswade the king of Maroc to passe the streight so as the seege continued where there daily arriued Princes and Knights from France England other places there is speciall mention made of a Duke of Lancaster and an Earle of Salisbury English men of Gaston Earle of Foix and his brother Roger Regnaud whom some call Bernard Vicount of Castelbon and especially of Philip King of Nauarre whose history we haue need to returne vnto 22 This Prince hauing his residence for the most part in France Nauarre employing himself vertuously for the defence of that realm against the English who eontended for it against Philip of Valois then raigning his country of Nauar being gouerned in the meane time by Lieutenants or Viceroys French-men whereof wee haue named some And in these times mention is made of one Regnaud
returned him many good words to witnesse the alliance which hee desired to entertaine with the king of Spaine King of Englands answer to the Spanish embassador vpon the like tearmes hee had with him as king of Scotland But aduowing the Scottish troups which were sent to the generall Estates of the vnited Prouinces to be leuied by his commaundement he said they had not deserued any punishment giuing leaue to king Philip to make vse of Scottishmen if he pleased and letting him know that he had not transgrest the lawes of neutralitie And as for their protection he desired he should vnderstand That the great interests which England hath with the vnited Prouinces as well in regard of their townes which they haue ingaged as for the succours which they haue receiued from thence did bind him to assist them and to haue a care of their preseruation and to second the intentions of the deceased queene and to build vpon the foundations which she had laied yet he desired to see them all well reconciled with the king of Spaine The embassador as my Author sayes answered That whosoeuer knew the power of the king of Spaine Spaniards think none so powerful as their own king were not ignorant that he can easily bring the rebelled Prouinces vnder the yoke of his obedience when hee shall please to make an enterprise equall to his power That no man should doubt that hee that had passed the Hellespont will easily passe the riuer of Granique and that a prince which triumphes ouer so many nations so many islands so many seas and so much firme land at the new-found world will not adde the islands of Holland and Zeland to his triumphant chariot the wise will alwaies giue the counsell which Phocion gaue vnto the Athenians either to make themselues the strongest or to be obedient vnto them that were so He then desired leaue to enter into conference with some of his Maiesties Councell and to consult of the meanes of some treatie which would be no lesse profitable and honourable to England than to Spaine the which was granted him After some meetings the lords finding that he had no power to treat they attended other deputies who came the next yeare with an ample Commission as you shall heare There fell out two accidents 1604 which had like to haue troubled the quiet of those two great Monarchs of France and Spaine Imposition exacted by the Spaniard The yeare before king Philip and the Archdukes had imposed thirtie in the hundred vpon all marchandise which came in or went out of the countries that were vnder their obedience the which did seeme directly to infringe the treatie of Veruins The French king commanded his embassadors to deale with those princes touching this imposition and to aduertise him of their resolutions But their aunswers and the force they vsed afterwards to the kings subiects to make them pay the imposition did witnesse sufficiently that they had no will to exempt them Whereupon the French king made a defence That no marchandise should bee carried out of France into Spaine or the Low Countries that were vnder the Archdukes obedience nor any bee brought from thence into France vpon corporall punishment and losse of goods But this did not alter the peace onely there were complaints made by the two kings one of another King Philip began He tooke it ill that the French going volâ—ntarily to serue the Estates did prolong their rebellion and did hinder the reduction of Ostend that the king did succour them with men and money and that hee had forbidden his subiects to traffique into Spaine and Flanders But the king disauowed them that went to serue the Estates If hee sent them money it was sayed he but to pay that which hee had borrowed And the defence of traffique tended to no other end but to force the king of Spaine and the Archduke to take away that intollerable imposition and to let him know that France can liue better without the commodities of Spaine than Spain without those of France The second accident Treason of Lost. or cause of jarre betwixt these two princes grew also from Spaine the French king complaining and justly That the secrets of his cabinet were discouered to his enemies Will the king of Spaine neuer cease said he to withdraw my subiects from their duetie and loyalties Will hee still entertaine some traytor within my realme My embassadour complaines vnto me by his letters that hee is so slowly aduertised of our affaires as the king of Spaines ministers know them before him The king being much troubled to find out the spring from whence this pestilent liquor of Infidelitie did flow behold God discouered the treacherie of Iudas by such meanes as the wisedome of man could not find out Villeroy the chiefe Secretarie of State who managed the greatest secrets of the kingdome had an vnder clerke called Nicholas Lost in whom hee reposed much trust and the rather for that his father had serued him long This young man hauing attended on Monsieur de la Rochepot being embassadour in Spaine there laied the plot of this treason whereof you may read the whole discourse at large in the historie of France There was some likelihood of a new enterprise this yeare vpon Africke Embassadours from the king of Cusco at Valencia The king of Cusco who had promised the last yeare to joyne with the Spaniards against Alger had receiued fortie thousand crownes vpon the bargaine and treacherously betrayed them that brought the money vnto their enemies this yeare hee sent an embassadour vnto the king who gaue him audience at Valencia Which made many thinke that hee would make another attempt vpon Alger for that he caused him to be conducted home by a Master of the campe and an Enginer giuing him great store of munition and fire-workes laden in three fregats The king of Spaine beeing aduertise out of England from his embassadour Taxis of the successe of his embassage Constable of Castille sent into England and of the expectation of a treatie hee appointed the Constable of Castille to vndertake this charge giuing him an ample Commission to treat and conclude a Peace betwixt England and Spaine hee past through France where he was verie honourably receiued and so came into Flanders to the Archdukes from whence he went into England for the conclusion of the peace There were Commissioners appointed on either side For the king of great Britaine were named Commissioners for the treatie of the peace for England the earle of Dorset high Treasurer of England the earle of Nottingham high Admirall of England the earle of Deuonshire Lieutenant of the kingdome of Ireland the earle of Northampton and the lord Vicont Cranborne principall Secretarie and now earle of Salisburie and high Treasurer of England being all of his Majesties priuie Councell For the king of Spaine there were deputed D. Iohn de Velasco Constable of Castille and Leon
Emperour D. Alphonso and with him the Earle of Barcelone accompanied with a good number of his Knights of Cattelogne to honour these kings It was this king Lewis who had put away Elenor Dutchesse of Guienne and Couâ—esse of Poictiers who married with Henry king of England which was the cause of long warres in France The yeare following 1151. Arragon and Barcelone for as much as the towne of Tarragone was not wel peopled it may be for that it did belong vnto the Archbishop and the Clergie and that feare of the Moores which were neere kept the people in those places which were commanded by martiall men The Archbishop D. Bernard Cord made cession againe of the sayd Towne vnto the Earle D. Raymond resigning it into his hands with the permission of Pope Eugenius the third and with the consent of the Chapter and Bishops Suffraganes ganes of the Church Don Raymond put it instantly into the hands of a Knight called Robert and did inuest him with a title of Principalitie The same yeare his wife D. Petronille Queene of Arragon was brought in bed of her sonne Don Raymond whose name after the decase of his father was changed to Don Alphonso and hee inherited the Realme of Arragon and Principalitie of Cattelogne Genealogie of Arragon This deliuerie was so dangerous as the Queene resoluing to dye made her will and instituted her after-birth for her heire and the Earle his father for Gouernour of his Estates but God deliuered her and sent her health after which shee had Don Sancho who was Earle of Roussillon and of Cerdagne and two daughters D. Aldonça the eldest married to Sancho the first of that name and second King of Portugall the other was wife to Don Armingol Earle of Vrgel After Queene Petronilles lying in Don Raymond cleansing the rest of the Countrie which lyes betwixt Sarrgossa and Torrosa of Moores hee to-oke from them the Castell of Mirauet A little before D Berenguels Queene of Castile was deceased who desired to be interred at Saint Iemes for the great opinion she had of the Apostles intercession as she had beene instructed by her Prelates D. Sancho the seuenth of that name the 20. King of Nauuarre 18 D. Sancho surnamed the Wise Nauarre sonne to D. Garcia beeing come to the Crowne of Nauarre hee made an Assembly and enteruiew of Princes at Tudele neere vnto Aigues-chaudes whither came the Emperour D. Alphonso and his sonne Don Sancho King of Castile and D. Raymond Berenger Prince of Arragon where they conspired against the new King of Nauarre and set downe many Articles concerning the warre as the Emperour and Earle had done some yeare before Among others they agreed That the Realme of Nauarre should be conquered at their common charge and diuided equally betwixt them except the forts which the Nauarrois held belonging to the Crowne of Arragon the which should be re-united As for the towne of Tudele the Iurisdiction should be diuided the moitie thereof entring into that portion of the lands which lye from Ebro to Montcajo and that for one halfe of the Realme of Nauarre which the Earle should enioy he should as Gouernour of Arragon do homage to the King of Castille That by Saint Michels day next ensuing the Infant Don Sancho should take vnto him D. Blanche the Infanta of Nauarre to marry her or if the thought good to leaue her These and such other like conditions were concluded betwixt these Princes to the ruine of the young King D. Sancho of Nauarre and of his Estates if God had not preserued him With this resolution the Castillan and Arragonois parted from Tudele and went euery one into his Countrie to giue order for that which was needfull for the warres thinking that their enemie who was but a child could not defend himselfe against so great forces but God had otherwise decreed and confounded all their practises Soone after D. Pedro â— ' Athares dyed who had fayled to bee King of Nauarre and Arragon the founder of the Monasterie of S. Mary of Veruela where he was interred The Nauarro is doubting some practise against their Prince in this Assembly of Tudele were very carefull to fortifie their frontier places and to renew the allyances of the house of Nauarre with the French king and other Noblemen of that nation The young king D. Sancho was crowned after the death of his father in the Church of Pampelone where he sware to obserue the lawes and statutes of the Countrie which were the same which they call at this day the lawe of Arragon according to the which Nauarre Guipuscoa and the places ioying to Nauarre were then gouerned Saint Sebastian which was at that time a place of great trafficke had priuiledges granted by him and so had the Towne of Durando in Biscaye They surnamed this king the Sage for that in truth he was a wife and a discreet Prince and for his valour and courage hee was called by some Valiant Hee had some knowledge of learning honored learned men and was studious of the Scriptures as the vse was in those times and shewed himselfe a great Iusticer for all which vertues he was much esteemed by other Princes and was honoured feared and loued of his subiects The armies of the league made at Tudele beganne to annoy him at his first entrance and did him some harme vppon his fronters yet he did not loose any place of importance for although hee were very young yet he was of an actiue spirit and a noble courage and was well and faithfully assisted by his allies and serued by the Nauarrois The warre was hottest in the valley of Roncall but there is no mention that either in that yeare or in the other following there was any memorable exployt done and they hold that Lewis the French king who had beene a great friend to Don Garcia his deceased father French king fauours the king of Nauarre did wonderfully crosse the enterprises of the League and hindred them all he could beeing either vppon his treatie of marriage or else newly married to Dona Isabells Infsanta of Castile in fauour of which allyance the Emperour D. Alphonso did desist from that warre or did neglect it and Don Sancho his sonne King of Castile who had his choice to marrie D. Blanche Genealogie of Castile or to leaue her married her and had a Ionne by her at the end of the yeare called D. Alphonso who was king of Castile and Toledo after the father Some hold that the marriage of king Lewis with D. Isabella was after all this in the yeare 1154. and that the King of Nauarre came to Burgos to the celebration thereof the which was admired by the French for the exceeding pompe The Countrie of Nagera was then one of the chief gouernments of Castile for the Gouernour thereof was Captaine generall of the fronter towards Nauarre The Infant Don. Sancho who was called king of Castile did enioy those lands
continued almost fiue and twentie yeares We must not wonder if Secular Princes were in combustion seeking to rule one ouer another hauing it may be some plausible pretext seeing that the Prelates of Spaine were a president for them without any reason Primacie of Toledo confirmed The Primacie which hee of Toledo held ouer other Bishops was not acknowledged of all for the Archbishop of Braga and he of Saint Iames resfused to obey him but the Primate of Primates Adrian the third sending l Hyacinth his Legat from Rome forced them by a sentence The end of the ninth Booke THE TENTH BOOKE of the Historie of Spaine The Contents 1. D. Alphonso the seuenth King of Castile and the fourth of that name called the Noble and the troubles which did rise by the factions of Castro and Lara 2 D. Alphonso the second of that name and sixth King of Arragon Earle of Barcelone 3 Confirmation of the Order of Calatraua 4 Beginning and continuance of the ancient house of Biscay 5 Marriage of King D. Alphonso the noble and of Elenor daughter to Henry the second King of England 6 Warre of Nauarre against Castile and Arragon 7 Marriage of D. Alphonso the second king of Arragon with D. Sancha of Castile to the disgrace of the daughter of Manuel Emperour of Constantinople 8 Prouâ—nce annexed to the Crowne of Arragon the which is exempted from all fealtie and homage to Castile 9 Institution of the knights of the sword of the Order of S. Iames in Galicia Their increase and forces with their Commanderies and benefices 10 Commanderies and other benefices of the Order of Calatraâ—a and their strength 11 Continuance of the warre against Nauarre and the taking of the lands of Bureuâ— and Rioja from this Realme by the Castillans 12 Sedition of the Nobilitie of Castile to defend their Immunities 13 Continuance of the deedes of D. Alphonso Henriques the new King of Portugal and the quarrels betwixt him and the king of Leon. 14 Limitations and diuisions of the conquests which were to be made vpon the Moores betwixt the Christian Princes of Spaine 15 Exploits of the Portugals against the Moores 16 Continuance of the raigne and deeds of D. Fernand the second king of Leon. 17 Beginning of the towne of Victoria in Alaua Expedition of the Nauarrois in Castile and other deeds of armes of D. Sancâ—o the seuenth 18 Cattelogâ—e reiects the Soueraigntie of the French 19 The last acts of D. Alphonso Henriques king of Portugal 20 D. Sancho first of that name the second king of Portugal 21 Marriage of D. Fernand the 28. king of Leon and his death 22 D. Alphonso the ninth of that name and 29. king of Leon. 23 Submission of the king of Leon to him of Castile Assembly of the ordinarie estates in Castile Enmitie and hatred betwixt fiue Christian kings raigning in Spaine 24 Deeds of D. Sancho king of Portugal the first of that name and the institution of the Order of Auâ—z 25 Continuance of the deeds of D. Alphonso king of Castile the building of the fort of of Nauarre neere to Nagera 26 Aben Ioseph Mazemut king of the Moores and his exploits against the Christians of Spaine 27 D. Sancho the strong 21 King of Nauarre the 8. of that name 28 Spoiles done by the Moores in the countries of Castille and Leon. 29 D. Pedro the 2. of that name 7. King of Arragon his marriages and submission to the Pope 30 Descent of the house of Champagne vnto Thibault King of Nauarre the first of that family 31 Inuasions of the realme of Nauarre by the Castillans and Arragonois the Prouince of Guipuscoa taken from it 32 Buildings and reparations of D. Alphonso the Noble King of Castille marriage of D. Blanche his daughter with Lewis father to Saint Lewis the French King 33 D. Rodrigo Ximenes Archbishop of Toledo his deeds buildings and the vniversity made at Palence by King D. Alphonso 34 Great preparatiues of warre both by the Christian Princes and the Moores the memorable battaile of Muradal 35 Armories of Nauarre 36 The last exploits of D. Sancho King of Portugal D. Alphonso second of that name and third King of Portugal 37 Exploits of D. Pedro the 2. King of Arragon Hatred betwixt him and Symon Earle of Montfort his death in the warre of the Albigeois mooued by Saint Dominike 38 D. Iaques the 1. of that name 8. King of Arragon 39 Seditions at Pampelone Exercises of armes appointed by D. Sancho the 8. King of Nauarre as necessary for a warlike nation 40 Order of the Knights of Alcantara 41 D. Henry the first of that name and 8. King of Castille 42 Councel of Saint Iohn de Latran vnder Innocent the 3. sute for the Primacy of Spaine This tenth Booke conteines the descent and continuance of the royall families of Spaine that is Of Nauarre 21 D. Sancho 8. Of Leon. 29 D. Alphonso 9. Of Portugal 2 D. Sancho 1. 3. D. Alphonso 2. Of Arragon 6 D. Alphonso 2. 7 D. Pedro. 2. 8 D. Iaques 1. Of Castille 7 D. Alphonso 4. 8 D. Henry 1. D. Alphonso the noble the seuenth King of Castille the fourth of that name THE death of the King D. Sancho confirmed his surname of desired for that there followed dangerous combustions begunne betwixt two great families of Castille through iealousie and desire of rule The young Kings person beeing then but foure yeeres old was vnder the charge of D. Guttiere Fernando Ruis de Castro according vnto the will of the deceased King his father who had also ordained that the captaines and Gouernors of Prouinces and places should continue in their charges Troubles in Castille by reason of the Kings Noâ—â—age vntill that his sonne D. Alphonso should bee fifteene yeeres old compleate Those of the house of Lara being men of great account were discontented with this decree of which family the chiefe was the Earle D. Manrique de Lara who had two brethren D. Aluaro and D. Nugno all sonnes to D. Pedro de Lara of whom wee haue made mention and of D. Aba forsaken by the Earle D. Garcia de Cabra with these there ioyned by reason of consanguinity D. Garcia d' Acia their brother by the mothers side sonne to that Lady D. Aba and the Earle D. Garcia de Cabra her first husband they were greeued to see the Kings person and the chiefe affaires of the Realme in the hands of them of Castro who held many places and good gouernments in Castille and Toledo wherefore they sought all occasions to seize vpon the authority and to dispossesse their aduersaries D. Guttiere Fernandes was an ancient Knight wise faithfull and without any malice who gaue no man occasion to complaine but great meanes to such as enuied his honour to hurt him by his sincerity Hee had also beene Gouernor to the King D. Sancho his father in his youth and was so worthy a knight as they say hee had made and armed fiue hundred Knights with
the Kings person notwithstanding whether remorse of so foule an act altered the mindes of these knights of Lara or that all the bretheren were not a like affected as D. Manrique D. Nugno the yongest of the brethren tooke king D. Alphonso and carried him to Atiença not respecting the accord made with the King D. Fernand who holding himselfe deceiued by D. Manrique sent him word by a knight that hee was a traytor and that he would bee reuenged The Earle made no other answer but that it was lawful for him to doe any thing to deliuer his King and natural Prince from captiuity Afterwards the Earle meeting with the King D. Fernand who accused him of treachery and demaunded Iustice of the Estates of Castille he answered againe that he knew not that he was a traytor but that hee repented him not to haue done his best endeauor to deliuer his King a child of so tender age from such vniust slauery After many reasons and allegations of either side The yong King D. Alphonso giuen in garde to the inhabitants of Auila the Earle D. Manrique was absolued but the King D. Fernand kept in a manner all the places and townes in Castille except some of the lesser which continued vnder the obedience of the King D. Alphonso who was not in any great safety vntill they had found meanes to put him into the Citie of Auila where hee was faithfully kept by his good subiects the inhabitants thereof vntill he was twelue yeeres old wherefore they say commonly in Spaine the Loyal of Auila The tumults and confusions of Castille Nauarre inuited D. Sancho King of Nauarre surnamed the wise to make his profit which is the marke whereat all worldly men doe aime yet had he some iust pretension to doe it especially to inuade the lands lying vpon the riuer of Oja which the Emperour D. Alphonso had laied hold on during the vacancie and Interregne of Nauarre and Arragon So as hee went to armes entred in hostile manner into that Prouince and tooke Logrogno Entrena and Cerezo and passing on he also tooke Birbiesca and in a manner all that was in his way euen vnto Burgos all which places he did fortefie but yet he enioyed them not long The King of Nauarre did all these things without any resistance made by them of Castille beeing fauoured by the confusion of the time and the infancy of the young King D. Alphonso besides that towards Arragon hee found himselfe assured by a peace concluded with the Earle D. Raymond Berenger Death of D. Raâ—monâ— berenger Earle of Barcelone 1162. the which was the better confirmed by his death which happened in the yeere 1162. in Piedmont in the Bourge of Saint Dalmace neere vnto Turin This Prince went by sea into Italy with his Nephew the Earle of Prouence to conferre with the Emperor Frederic Barbarossa who made warre then in the Dutchy of Milan D. Alphonso the second and the sixth King of Arragon 2. THis Earle had gouerned Cattelogne and Barcelone thirty one yeeres Arragon and the realme of Arragon fiue and twenty He was wise and valiant but too ambitious He lest D. Raymond his sonne who was afterwards called D. Alphonso heire of both Estates by his testament by the which hee gaue vnto D. Pedro his second son the Earledome of Cerdagne with the same rights as Cont Bernard William had held it and moreouer the demeins and reuenues of the lands of Carcassone Disposition of D. Raymond Berengers wil. and rights of Narbonne and other places in Languedoc reseruing the homage vnto the Earle of Barcelon and King of Arragon his eldest substituting to D. Pedro his third son D. Sancho in case hee died without children and them two to their eldest brother D. Alphonso either of them in his Siegneuries with his children vnto Henry the second King of England his ally and faithfull friend the Queene D. Petronille his wife remayning Regent and tutresse of her Son and Realme but she brought D. Alphonso being but 12. yeeres old to the gouernment of the State vnder the conduct of the Earle of Prouence his cousin germain the Queene giuing ouer that charge as vnfit for women This was the first King of Arragon that was Earle of Barcelone since which time these two Estates have not beene diuided Returning to D. Sancho King of Nauarre Nauarre hee gouerned his realme wisely and iustly and had about him many good and vertuous Prelats and Knights amongst the which were D. Viuian Bishop of Pampelone the Earle D. Bela Ladron Lord that is to say gouernor in Alaua Rodrigues Martines Gouernor in Maragnon Pedro Ruis in Estella and Gallipienço Sancho Ramires in Sanguessa Ximeno of Ayuar in Roncal Ximen Aznares in Tafalla Sancho Esquerra in Saint Mary of Vxua Martin de Lees in Peralta Aznar de Rada in Falses and in Valtierra Peter of Araçury in Logrogno and Tudele with diuers others As for his domestike affaires hee was married to D. Sancha Infanta of Castille whom others call Beacia or Beatrix daughter to the Emperor D. Alphonso by whom he had a goodly issue D. Sancho who was King after his father D. Fernand and D. Ramir Geneology of Nauarre the which was Bishop of Pampelone for Ecclesiastical charges which had great reuenues were not there giuen to Pastors which had care of Christians manners and consciences but were portions for Kings children hee was otherwise called D. Remy Beside three sonnes she brought him three daughters D. Berenguela who was married to Richard King of England surnamed Corde-Lion and had for her dowry the country of Maine in France where shee spent the remainder of her daies like a vertuous widow after the decease of the King her husband D. Sanchos second daughter was D. Theresa otherwise called Constance who died a virgin and the third was D. Blanche married to Thiband Earle of Champaigne and Brie from whom the race of the Kings of Nauarre of the house of Champaigne had their beginning in D. Thiband their son About the yeere 1165. An. 1165. the sentence of the Processe betwixt the Bishops of Pampelone and Sarragosse begunne in the time of D. Lope Predecessor to D. Viuian with D. Pedro of Zarroja for the lymits of their Dioceses and Iurisdictions which had beene iudged by the Legat Hyacinthe Cardinal of the title of Saint Mary in Cosmedin was confirmed by Pope Alexander the third successor to Adrian the fourth beeing at Montpellier in France who also by his Bull confirmed the preuiledges of the Church of Pampelone and the order of the regular Chanoins of Saint Augustin instituted by D. Pedro Roda the Bishop as other Popes his Predecessors had done During these things Portugal D. Alphonso Henriques King of Portugal hauing some quiet with the Moores who were not well setled vnder the obedience of the Almohades spent his time about the fortification of the fronter townes of his realme vnto the yeeres 1165. when as he went
country of Toledo he came to Burgos where hee called an other assembly and kept his court in the yeere 1170. An. 1170. touching that which lies on this side the mountaines belonging to Castille and Nagera D. Alphonso the noble King of Castille comes of years and for that the fifteenth yeere of his age was now ended all the townes forts were yeeled vp vnto him without any contradiction according to the will of his deceased father yea those which were held by D. Fernand of Castro who was neuer more seene in Castille by reason of the quarrels he had with the house of Lara but passing to the Moores hee shewed himselfe a perpetuall enemy to his country In the assembly at Burgos there was speech of the excesse and outrages done by Fernand King of Leon to reuenge the which hee resolued to proclaime warre against him but it was not put in execution long after by reason of D. Alphonsos youth who was not yet capable of so great an enterprise There they treated also of the Kings marriage with Elenor daughter to Henry the second King of England And marries Elenor of England who was as renouned as any Prince at that day in Christendome he was sonne to Geoffrey Duke of Aniou and Normandie It was this Henry which had married Queene Elenor heire of the Dutchie of Guienne and countie of Poictou put away by Lewis the seuenth the French King 5 After these things there was an enter-view of two yong Kings D. Alphonso of Castille and D. Alphonso of Arragon at Sahagun with shewes of great loue and from thence they went to Sarragosse from whence there was an Ambassage sent to effect the marriage of the King of Castille The Ambassadors were D. Celebrun Archbishop of Toledo the Bishops of Palenza Calaorra Burgos and Segobia the Earles D. Ponce and D. Nugno with other Noblemen who found the court with the Queene mother and her daughter at Burdeaux whose returne the King of Castille attended at Sarragosse where during his aboad the league was renewed betwixt Castille and Arragon and a new made for the mutuall defence of both Kings against all men except the King of England in the which were named all the great men belonging to either estate for assurance whereof there was consigned and laied in pawne the castles of Nagera Biguerra Clauijo Ocon and Arueda for the King of Castille and for the King of Arragon Hariza Daroca Aranda Epila Borja with a condition that hee which should breake the league should loose these places and the conuentions were signed and confirmed by the two Kings and their chiefest Nobles The Ambassadors of Castille were welcome to Burdeaux and their charge was very pleasing to the king of England wherevpon the Princesse Elenor was sent into Spaine beeing accompanied by Bernard Archbishop of Bourdeaux the Bishoppes of Poictiers Angoulesme Perigueux Xaintes Agen and Bazas by Raoul de la Faye Seneshall of Guienne Helie Earle of Perigort the Vicounts of Tartax Chasteleraud Chastillon Mortmar Vendome Augoulesme Labrit or Albret with very many other Noblemen and Knights By the treaty made with the Ambassadors it was sayd that the assurace and contract of marriage should bee made at Tarrassone and should be sollemnly ratefied in the presence of the King of Arragon wherefore the two Kings came to Tarrassone where these things were celebrated and sworne with great sollemnity Guifts to th◠new Queene of Castille in fouor of 〈◊〉 marriage in the yeere of our Lord 1170. and for accomplishment thereof at that instant D. Alphonso King of Castille caused all the Knights of Castille which were there present to sweare fealtie to his future spouse and moreouer hee gaue vnto her in faaour of the marriage the castles and city of Burgos Castro Xeris Auia Monçon Saldagne Tariego Dueregnas Carrion Aabeson Medina del Aampo Villa Escusa Aguillar Astudillo for her idle expences to furnish her cabinet he assigned particularly vnto her Burgos Nagera and Castro Xeris besides he gaue vnto her the rents of the port of Saint Emeterio Besgo Cabedo Briza de Centillana Calaorra Logrogno Arnedo Biguerra Granon Vilhorado Pancoruo Monasterio Poza Atiença Osma Penafiil Curiel Surita Hita Aegna Negra and others Moreouer hee promised to giue her the moytie of all hee should conquer from the Moores from the day of their marriage These promises and matrimoniall conuentions were sworne in the presence of the Archbishop of Bourdeaux and other English Ambassadors to whom in the Queenes name hee caused the forts to bee deliuered and the homages aboue mentioned to bee done all in the presence of the King of Arragon as an indifferent arbitrator for both parties These things thus finished the two Kings of Castille and Arragon parted good friends and the Ambassadors with the new spouse came with D. Alphonso the Noble to Burgos where the marriage was celebrated with great state and royal pompe after which the court parting from Burgos it came to Nagera in the countrie of Oja where the King gaue leaue to many which had come to attend the solemnitie of his marriage namely to them of Auila who had alwaies followed him to whom for their willingnesse to serue him hee graunted many priuiledges After which hee led the Queene to Toledo where hee grew so amorons of a Iew whom they called Hermosa as hee forgot his new spouse and intangled himselfe so farre in her loue Disordanat Iust of D. Alphonso king of Castille as hee almost lost his sences whereat some Knights of Castille beeing verie much greeued they thought to doe an act pleasing vnto God and profitable to the commen-weale to kill this Iew the which in the beginning the King did beare verie impatiently but in the end hee acknowledged his error and detested it Vpon the confines of Arragon and Castille there began at that time a petty estate in Albarrazin Fort of Albarrazin which place was vsurped by a Knight called D. Pedro Ruis d' Açagra who held it of God and his sword Hee was borne in Nauarre and wonne the loue of the Moores of Murcia and other neighbour places which did fauour and succor him in his enterprises and withall hee had newly made a league with D. Sancho King of Nauarre who supported him and vsed him to bridle Arragon and Castille with which estates hee had or feared some Iarres This fort which had beene in ancient time called Saint Marie of Albarrazin was a troublesome thorne in the feete of the Kings of Castille and Arragon An. 1172. into whose territories D. Pedro Ruis ◠Asagra made often roads at his pleasure who hauing about this yeere of our Lord 1172. taken some places in Castille the King D. Alphonso the noble resolued to make warre against him and to take them from him if hee could for this consideration hee made a priuate league with the King of Arragon who was interessed by the which it was concluded that the King of
King D. Sancho vntil that their victuals beganne to faile them During this siege the Deputies of the Prouince of Guipuscoa came to D. Alphonso King of Castille making offer that if he would goe thether in person they would yeeld vnto him hauing long desired to bee vnited to the crowne of Castille for that they were ouercharged by the Kings of Nauarre whose fortunes they had followed seuentie seuen yeeres This offer was very pleasing vnto D. Alphonso as a matter of great aduantage wherefore leauing D. Diego Lopes de Haro to continue the siege of Victoria he went in person to Guipuscoa which Prouince put it selfe vnder his protection Guipuscoa yeelded to the King of Castille and of the Kings of Castille vpon certaine conditions and deliuered into his hands the forts of Saint Sebastien and Fontaraby with the castle of Veloaga which is in the valley of Ojarçun which frontierd vpon France a fit place to assure him a passage if need were into Guienne which was then held by the English for that hee had married a Princesse of England Besides these places they gaue him the castle of Athau vpon the frontiers of Nauarre which is now ruined the castle of Achoros Val du L'eniz and the castle of Arrasate called at this present Mondragon vpon the frontiers of Biscay with the fort which was then built vpon the mountaine of Helosua the ruines whereof are to bee seene at this day which mountaine is in the iurisdiction of the towne of Vergara and is otherwise called Arizona This D. Alphonso King of Castille obtained this prouince of Guipuscoa without force and so returned wonderfully content to the siege of Victoria which continued stil the besieged hauing spent al their victuals who by daily messengers did sollicit D. Sancho their King aduertising him of their extremity whereby they should be forced to fall into their enemies hands if hee did not preuent it but hee beeing ignorant of all that had past in his country beeing absent ill disposed and without good councell aduised them to yeeld vnto the King of Castille vpon the best conditions they could Hauing receiued this answere the besieged held out senenteene daies longer attending if the King had not taken some better aduice but seeing there came nothing from him whereby they might hope of releefe Victoria taken by the King of Castille beeing extremely prest with hunger and want of all things they yeelded the towne the which for the scituation and fortification was held impregnable By the taking of Victoria the King of Castille was maister of that other Prouince of Alaua the country of Araya yeelded vnto him he tooke Irrurita Maragnon Saint Croix and all the valley of Campeso King D. Alphonso made this goodly conquest in the yeere 1200. part by force and part by a voluntary yeelding and did greatly diminish the realme of Nauarre although that some places submitted themselues againe vnder the obedience of the King D. Sancho neither did the Prouince of Alaua euer receiue any law from Castille except Victoria and Treuigno To assure himselfe the better of the Guipuscoans and to gralifie them also the King of Castille caused to bee re-edefied vpon the sea coast of that Prouince the townes of Guetario and Motrico the which hee did fortifie and indow with great preuiledges after all these things the King of Nauarre arriued at Carthagena and slipt through Arragon into his country bringing great treasure with him out of affrike at what time D. Alphonso had newly besieged Estella the which was freed from siege vpon the bruite of his comming so great power and reputation hath the name of a king that is present but if he had staied longer in Affrike his country of Nauarre had beene wholy lost Nauarre sends Ambassadors to Castille hauing visibly seene the great harme which the King D. Alphonso had done him hee sent Ambassadors vnto him to desire him to restore him that which hee had taken from him in his absence against al law and iustice and against the accustomed manner of making warre in that age full of loyalty but the King of Castille entertained him with delaies and doubtfull answeres 32. Whilst that D. Caâ—â—â—â— Sancho considers of his losses and of the best meanes to repaire them the King of Castille great mighty and redoubted being allied to him of Arragon and hauing a truce for many yeeres with Aben Ioseph hee beganne to repaire the ruines which the Arabians had made he restored the city of Plaisance Bejar and other places of the country ruined he did the like to Mirabel Segura de la Serra Monfredo Moya and many other places of the realme of Toledo hee also built Aquilar del Campe in Castille and moreouer in Guipuscoa he built the towne of Castro d' Ordiales Laredo Saint Ander and Saint Vincent de la Barquera About the yeere 1201. An. 1201. there was a peace treated of betwixt Iohn successor to Richard King of England and King Philip Augustus of France at Boutauant in Normandy by the which amongst other Articles a marriage was concluded betwixt the Infanta D. Blanche the daughter of D. Alphonso King of Castille Marriage betwixt Lewis of France and D. Blanche of Castille and Queene Elenor sister to the King of England with Lewis eldest sonne to Philip and heire of the realme of France for the which Ambassadors were sent from both Kings into Castille they were made sure by a Deputy for Lewis in the city of Burgos with great feasting and state and the Infanta was conducted by the King her father and other Noblemen of Castille vnto the frontiers of Guienne where the Deputies for the French King did receiue her for whose dowry there was assigned by King Iohn her vncle all the places which were in question betwixt him and the French King whereof the sayd French King was in possession in the Dutchies of Normandy Brittaine and Aniou At the same time D. Alphonso King of Leon seperated by the authority of Pope Innocent from D. Theresa of Portugal his wife sent to demande D. Berenguela the King of Castilles other daughter whereof by reason of the discords which were betwixt these two Kings the father made some difficulty yet vanquished by the perswasions and intreaty of Queene Elenor who desired as much to see her daughter weare a crowne as a peace betwixt Castille and Leon he yeelded vnto it and these two Princes meeting to that effect in the towne of Vailledo it the marriage was celebrated assigning her for her dowry the lands taken the yeere before from the king of Leon except Carpio and Monreal which remained to Castille Of this marriage was borne the Infant D. Fernand who succeded in the Realmes of Castille and Leon. Thinke that the Popes dispensation was not obtained for this marriage for being cousin germains remoued children of the vncle and nephew Pope Innocent the third did seperate them In the yeere 1202. Casfille and 1203
away and forced the towne being taken to flie into Affricke yet he left not to call himselfe King and would haue surprized Ceuta During these things Nauarre Arnaud of Puyane Bishop of Pampelona a Basque by nation held their Synods for reformation of his Clergie Priests allowed to keepe Concubines which was very needfull Two yeares before their had beene a Synode held of many Bishops at Pegnafiel where it was decreed that Priests might keepe Concubines secretly but not openly In Arragon a marriage was treated betwixt the Infant D. Maria Arragon daughter to the king Don Iames and Lewis Hutin the eldest Sonne and then with the Earle of Poictiers second sonne to King Philip the Faire and of the Queene Don Ieanne his wife but it tooke no effect We haue sayd before that the King Don Iames the better to entertaine the peace which he had made with the French raigning in Naples had promised to marrie Blanche the daughter of Charles the Limping Genealogie of Arragon the which he did By this Ladie he had the issue which followes Don Iames his eldest who was married to D. Leonora Infant of Castile but hauing not touched her he sent her home and made himselfe a knight of the order of Saint Iohn of Hierusalem and was afterwards Master of the order of Monteça D. Alphonso his second sonne was king after him Don Pedro the third Earle of Ampurias D. Raymond Berenger Earle of Prages and Ribagorça Don Iohn who was Archbishoppe of Toledo and afterwards Patriarch of Alexandria and Arch-bishop of Tarragone Moreouer D. Constance married to Don Iohn Manuel of Castile sonne to the Infant D. Manuel D. Maria who was wife to Don Pedro Infant of Castile sonne to Don Sancho the 4. D. Blanche a religious woman and a Prioresse of Sixena D. Violant married to the prince of Tarentum and D. Isabella wife to Don Frederick Arch-duke of Austria these were his lawfull children and by his stolne loues he had a daughter which dyed young and Don Iames of Arragon who hauing married the daughter and heire of Don Lope de Luna was Earle of Luna The marriage treated betwixt D. Maria of Arragon Nauarre and the second sonne of France by the meanes of Pope Boniface tooke no effect for that the conditions propounded semed very preiudiciall to Lewis Hutin to whom the succession of Nauarre by right belonged as the eldest the which the Pope and the king of Arragon would haue transferred to the Earle of Poictiers with the Earledomes of Champaigne and Brie and other lands belonging to Queene Ieanne their mother This Donna Ieanne Queene of Nauar a little before her death caused that famous Colledge of Nauarre to be built in Paris endowing it with good rents in Champaigne as well for the entertayning of Regents and Professors in Diuinity and Humanity as of the chappell and Ministers thereof The same Princesse built the towne called Pont de la Roine in Nauarre otherwise called Cares and hauing liued in France one and thirty yeares and neuer returned into Nauarre she died in the yeare 1305. leauing Lewis An. 1305. Philip and Charles who raigned in France and Nauarre successiuely one after another and Isabel who was Queene of England married to Edward the second her children She was buried at the Franciscans in Paris A yeare alter the decease of this Lady King Philip desired to make an allyance with Castille demaunding by his Ambassadors D. Isabel sister to the King D. Fernand but this marriage tooke no effect for some reasons not written some say it was three yeeres after the death of Queene Iane. Lewis Hutin the first of that name six and twentith King of Nauarre 19 LEwis sonne to King Philip and Donna Iane surnamed Hutin first of that name amongst the Kings of Nauarre succeeded his mother in the sayd realme he did not intitle himselfe King vntill hee had beene crowned at Pampelone but onely the eldest sonne and heire of the Realme his surname of Hutin signifies mutin or riotous which he purchased after his comming to the crowne of France or as some say before whether it were that he had beene the cause of contentions or that hee had pacefied them The Queenes death being knowne in Nauarre the Estates assembled at Pampelone where they resolued to send Ambassadors into France to beseech King Philip to send them Lewis his sonne their naturall Prince and hauing written letters to that effect in the name of the Estates they dispatched D. Arnaud of Puyana Bishop of Pampelone and Don Fortun Almorauid Nauarrois send Ambassadors to the King of France and to Lewis Hutin their King who were well and honorably accompanied who being come to the court of France they gaue the Kings to vnderstand the great griefe the people of Nauarre had for the death of their Queene and Soueraigne Lady for whose consolation they besought them that their new King Lewis might goe thither as soone as might bee accompanying this extreame desire of the Nauarrois with necessary reasons for that they had great complaints to make of the gouernment of their Viceroys who had gouerned the affaires of the realme to the great preiudice thereof Whereof the continuall absence of their soueraigne Magistrate was the cause who could not visibly see the Estate of his country and people but was serued by the eyes and eares of others whose reports are commonly false and the truth either concealed or dissembled This request seemed iust vnto the Kings both father and sonne yet King Lewis came not into Nauarre but two yeeres after and in the meane time hee married Marguerite daughter to Robert Duke of Bourgongne with whom hee had in marriage fifty thousand Liuers in siluer and the lands of Gyen vpon Seine of which marriage issued Ieanne who was Queene of Nauarre maried to Philip Earle of Eureux son to Lewis of France by whom the Kings of Nauarre haue pretended right to the Dutchy of Bourgongne against the Kings of France Genealogy of Nauarre for Robert Duke of Bourgongne father to this Marguerite hauing had many children most of them left not any heires and their posterity which had children failed soone there remayning no issue of the house of Bourgongne but that of this Lady married to Lewis Hutin 20 Whilst that the King of Nauarre delaied the time to come into his Realme there were Gouernors or Viceroies after the accustomed manner The great quarrels which had happened in France some yeeres before betwixt King Philp the faire and Pope Bontface the eight had caused many disorders by reason whereof there was a great famine throughout all the realme Pope Boniface had excommunicated King Philip and giuen his realme in prey to him that could take it but hee was a prey to the French who being led by Nogaret of Saint Felix and by the inteligence of Sarra Colonne surprized the Pope at Anania and intreated him so il as soone after for rage and spight hee
some and moreouer that he should deliuer the ships and merchants of Asturia Biscay Guipuscoa with their goods which he had taken and stayed whereof the K. D. Fernand made no accompt wherefore the king of Castile prepared to armes Diego Lope Pacheco a knight of Portugal was then in Castile who was retired thither by reason of the death of D. Agnes of Castro flying the fury of the king D. Pedro and had bin so fauored by the king D. Henry as he had got great reuenues honors This Knight had left many friends in Portugal by whose means he was aduertised of all that was done in D. Fernands Court and as he was a most affectionat seruant to the king of Castile so he sought to draw vnto him all those that were valiant in Portugall and if any one were persecuted he perswaded him to come into Castile declaring vnto them the bountie of the king D. Henry He had had intelligence of all that had past touching the marriage of D. Leonora Telles and of the discontent betwixt the K. and his brother D. Denis and them of the house of Acugna and the city of Lisbon wherfore imbracing these occasions fit for the war which was like to grow betwixt these two kings Diego Lope Pacheco wrought so as he drew D. Denis to come and put himselfe vnder the protection of the king D. Henry entertayned by all means such Gentlemen as were ill affected to their King to be reuenged of the wrongs he had done them Matters beeing thus prepared and the ambassador being returned who had bin sent to summon the king D. Fernand to deliuer the banished men which he had in his Realm to make restitution of the prizes which had bin taken by him the king D. Henry entred into Portugal with an army VVar betwixt â—â—tile and â—â—â—ugal and hauing sent D. Alphonso his son to Coimbra a castle in Gallicia where the banished men had fortified themselues the place was taken The king on his side seized of Almorda Panel Cillonico and Linares and there Don Denis ioyned with him with other Noblemen of Portugal who were liberally intreated and much honoured Pope Gregorie the eleuenth residing in Auignon hearing of the trobles betwixt these two kings was carefull like a good pastor to send a Legat which was Cardinall Guy of Bologno with full authoritie to reconcile them But before that hee could draw the parties to any friendly composition the king Don Henry made a new entrie tooke Viseo and ranne vp the countrie as farre as S. Iren finding no resistance for Don Fernand was not so able to maintain a quarrell as he was ready to breed one wherfore keeping himselfe within Saint Iren the king Don Henry had the passage free and open to go vnto Lisbone where he spoyled and burnt the lower part of the towne Lisbon spoiled and burnt by the King of Castile as the new street and some other places for that he neither found walles nor any resistance the quarter called Sus held good being walled in and well manned for all the inhabitants were retired thither during the which the sea-armie of Castile entred into the mouth of the riuer which is large and spacious where they did not onely recouer the ships of Biscay and others which had beene taken but many vesselles of all sorts which were fit for seruice were carried away by the Castillans and the rest burnt In the meane time the Legate laboured what he could to end these miseries wherein he preuailed so much as hee reduced the two kings to a peace the which was concluded to the great aduantage of the king of Castile Peace betwixt Castile and Portugal after which the kings met neere vnto Saint Iren either of them in a barke vppon the riuer of Tayo where they finished their accord and capitulations among the which there was a marriage concluded betwixt Donna Beatrix sister to the king D. Fernand and Don Sancho Earle of Albuquerque brother to the king of Castile and of Donna Izabella base daughter to the king Don Fernand and Don Alphonso Earle of Gijon base sonne to the king Don Henry The mariage betwixt Don Sancho and Donna Beatrix was celebrated the places taken were restored the peace was proclaimed and the king of Castile returned into his countrie leading his daughter-in-law Donna Izabella with him being but eight yeares old who was afterwards married to the Earle of Gijon to his great griefe The quarrels betwixt Castile and Arragon Arragon being not well ended they were forced to come to a new compromise wherein the Duke of Anjou brother to the French king was a dealer but with so bad successe as he became enemie to the K. of Arragon At that time were celebrated the mariages of D. Iohn D. of Girone the heire of Arragon and Martha daughter to the Earle of Armaignac who had fifteene thousand pounds starling in dowrie and of Don Martin of Arragon the kings youngest sonne with Donna Mary daughter to Don Lopes Earle of Luna and Lord of Segorbe The same yeare 1372. Don Pedro king of Arragon finding too late how easie he had beene to beleeue false reports and repenting himselfe of the vnworthie death of Bernand of Cabrera hee restored his Grand-child Bernardin sonne to Bernardin of Cabrera to all his goods except the Earldome of Vic which he kept to himselfe The father of this young Nobleman dyed in Castile in the seruice of the king Don Henry notwithstanding that hee had sought his fathers death There were this yeare seene in Arragon horrible Earthquakes with the ruins of mountaines about Ribagorça where as many villages were ouerthrowne and great multitudes of people perished In Castile the king Don Henry was prest by Donna Maria of Lara Castile Countesse of Alençon to do her right tfor the Lordships of Biscay and Lara she had many sons which were all aduanced in France the first was Earle of Alençon Biscay belongs to the house of Alenson the second of Estampes the third of Perch and two of the Church The king Don Henry made answer that she should send him two of her sonnes to remaine in Spaine and that he would giue the Lordship of Biscay to the one and that of Lara to the other He presumed that she could not do it all her children being so well aduanced in France and for some other reasons Edward king of England and his sonne Iohn Duke of Lancaster who intitled himselfe King of Castile and Leon in the right of his wife Donna Constance daughter to the king Don Pedro the Cruel sent Ambassadors to the king of Arragon 1373. Pretensiâ—ns of Iohn Duke of Lancaster to Castile in the yeare 1373. to treat a League with him beeing resolued to send a great army into Castile to conquer that Realme wherof the Duke of Lancaster should be Generall as belonging to his wife offering great conditions to the king of Arragon if he would adhere
and this was done to quench the bloudy thirst of the prelats and monkes counsellors and solicitors of that ill vnderstood conuersion Yet for all that after the fury was past the King caused the children of either sex amongst those miserable people vnder eleuen yeeres of age to bee separated and baptized giuing them their liberty as innocent of their fathers obstinacy This rigour was so farre off from fearing or abating the courage of the rest as they thereby became more stubborne their being no spurre in the world more sharpe then religion to make men giue ouer and contemne life and all other things to be beloued in this world when they are constrained to take armes for that respect for diuers Moores dwelling vpon the coast of Ronda La Sierra Vermeille and Villa longa being brought to the last hope of beeing able to liue in the freedome of their consciences and to keepe their old religion did arme themselues to the number of twelue thousand persons which caused the Kings to thinke that they were entred againe into a very difficult warre and that the conquest of the kingdome of Granado was not yet ended And because it behoued them to giue a present remedy to this fire which kindled VVar renued by the persecuted Moores they dispatched away Don Alphonso d' Aguilar and the Earle of Vregna with as great forces as the present necessity could furnish but Don Alphonso who was old and a well experienced captaine protested that with so small a number he could doe the King no seruice but should receiue losse and dishonour for the Moores were foure to one of his people neuerthelesse being vrged to it he marched against the enemies who keeping themselues closse togither and in strong places would not giue the least aduantage to the Christians for whom they laide waite in the valleies and streight places of the country well knowne to themselues to the end to surprize and defeat them the which came to passe for the Christians being lodged one night at the foote of Sierra Vermeille in such a place as Don Alphonso's troupes were separated from those of the Earle of Vregna by a great botome which was betwixt them the Moores at the shutting in of day-light fell vpon Don Alphonso and his people with such fury as they cut them all in peeces Don Alphonso himselfe lay dead vpon the place his sonne Don Pedro hauing his teeth beaten out with the blow of a stone and hurt with an arrow with great difficulty escaped at the beginning of the fight the Earle of Vregna beholding the slaughter of his friends not being able to succour them by reason of the botome that lay betwixt them Particular 〈◊〉 among captains of one setfe side doe oâ—tentimes cause the publike cause to be forgotten or else because hee would not as diuers did thinke for euer among great Lords and chiefe commanders vnder one Prince are enuy iealozie and emulation found which cause such effects to the losse of their Prince and commonwealth King Fernand did greatly apprehend this losse as also Don Alphonsos death the which could not bee imputed to rashnesse for he had protested that such resolute men as those Moores were who were in their forts ought not to haue beene assailed with such weake forces and that they knew very well the common prouerbe which saith that for to fetch a dead man out of his owne house there must alway bee foure how much more then did it behooue them to goe strongly accompanied against those with whom he had to do who weare liuing men souldiers and well armed It is reported that as he was assailed diuers Knights were of opinion to turne their backes and to flee but he would needs make head saying that neuer any of his race did turne their backes to a Moore Vnseasonable magnanimity of D. Alphonso de Aguilar Wherefore being kept backe by shame and dishonour hee susteined that conflict whereas hee might haue made an excusable retreat Now the King being in a merueilous chollor departed from Granado against these Moores with an intent to punish them rigorously but perceiuing that it is euermore harder to execute then to counsell hee was content to permit them to passe ouer into Afrike and to leaue the country by this meanes after sundry defeats and slaughters on either side he obtained his desire and returned to Granado where the marriage of D. Catherine his fourth daughter with Arthur Prince of Wales heire to the crowne of England was treated of This Princesse tooke her iourney towards her husband the yere 1501. accompanied by Don Alphonso de Fonseca Archbishop of Saint Iames Don Antonio de Rojas Bishop of Majorque who was afterward Archbishop of Granado and President of the royall counsel and D. Diego Fernandes de Cordoua Earle of Cabra and at the same time Queene Ioane the widdow of Naples sister of King Fernand tooke her leaue of him and withdrew herselfe to Valencia The Archdâ—ke Philip of Austria making preparation for his voyage into Spaine was father of his third child Donna Ioane his wife beeing brought in bed of a daughter named Donna Isabella This Princesse was wife to Christierne King of Denmarke hee who was deposed by his vncle Christierne King of Swethland taken by him and kept in perpetuall prison by which Christierne shee had two daughters that is to say Dorothy future wife to Frederike Earle Palatin and Elector of the Empire and Christine who was married to Francisco Maria Sforza Duke of Milan the yeere 1534. who died the yeere after shee was secondly married to Francis Duke of Lorraine father to Duke Charles who liues in our time After that King Christerne was deposed from his owne Kingdome for inuading that of Sweuia this Princesse D. Isabella went into England where her Aunt Donna Catherine was married and then she died being six and twenty yeeres of age Whilest these things passed on in Spaine the French King Lewis the twelfth did luckily end his enterprise of Milan Sforza taken by the French and did shut vp into close and perpetuall prison Duke Lewis Sforza surnamed the Moore the Author of all the warres and ruines of Italy in his time the which King Frederick of Naples considering hee was mooued partly by feare least he should againe haue to doe with the victorious French armies partly not to oblige himselfe ouer much to the Kings of Spaine and not to giue occasion to the Spanish insolency to grow ouer saucie in his Kingdome and namely because King Iohn of Arragon and Don Fernand his sonne had at one time called in question the late King Alphonso his testamentary decree whereby hee had left that Kingdome to his bastard sonne incapable thereby as they said of so great an inheritance wherefore hee beganne to haue secret intelligence with the French King whereof King Fernand was soone aduertized who thought that hee was very ingratefully delt withall and ill requited for all his cost bestowed in the
and of Fernando Cortez to the Indies 2 Expedition of Africke by the Castillans and the taking of the great port of Mersalcabir 3 Peace betwixt Castille and France and treaties of mariage 4 The Archduke Philip of Austria and D. Iaone his wife part out of Flaunders to returne into Castille and are stayed in England 5 Death of Christofer Columbus His posteritie 6 D. Philip and D. Ioane his wife kings of Castille Retreat of king Ferdinand into Arragon 7 Voyage of king Ferdinand into Italie Enteruiew of king Lewis and king Ferdinand at Sauonne 8 The duke Valentin being a prisoner in Castille escapes into Nauarre 9 Affaires of Nauarre Disposition of the king D. Iohn of Albret Contentions betwixt him and the queene his wife for the factions of Nauarre 10 Rashnesse of the earle of Lerin Constable of Nauarre Sentence and condemnation against him Warre betwixt the king and the earle Death of duke Valentin 11 Exploits of Pedro Nauarro in Africke in fauour of the Portugals 12 Rashnesse of the marquesse of Priego punished by the king D. Ferdinand Regent in Castille 13 Sedition at Lisbone for religion The mutines punished 14 Search of the firme land at the Indies by Alphonso Hojeda and others 15 League betwixt the Pope the Emperour Maximilian king Ferdinand and Lewis 12 the French king against the Venetians 16 Discouerie of the firme land at the Indies Forts built there 17 Expedition of Cardinall Francis Ximenes into Africke The taking of the citie of Oran 18 Warre against the Venetians 19 Practise of Pope Iulio against the French Schisme in the Church of Rome Counsell demanded by the French king 20 Taking of Bugia and other exploits in Africke by Pedro Nauarro Death of D. Garcia Aluares of Toledo 21 Behauiour of the Spaniards at the West Indies Seditions among them 22 Progresse of the warre of Italie made by the French against the Pope Councell of Pisa and a counter Councell at Rome at S. Iohn de Latran 23 Warre betwixt France and Spaine A league betwixt the Pope king Ferdinand and the Venetians 24 Continuance of this warre by the Pope against the French Exploits of Gaston earle of Foix duke of Nemours 25 Pursuit of the king and queene of Nauarre in Castille to be restored to much of their patrimonie in that realme but without any effect 26 Meanes vsed by the Pope and king Ferdinand to dispossesse the king D. Iohn of Albret and the queene D. Katherina his wife of the realme of Nauarre 27 Meanes vsed by the Emperor Maximilian to abandon the French Battell of Rauenna 28 Censures against Lewis the twelfth the French king and his realme Retreat of king Iohn of Albret into Fraunce Inuasion of the realme by the Castillans Pampelone taken by the duke of Alua. 29 Exploits of Vasco Nugnes of Bilbao and other Spaniards at the Indies D. Philip 1. and D. Ioane 21 Kings of Castille and 42 of Leon. THe Castillans and Leonois 1504 for want of their Queene proprietarie D. Isabella began to accustome themselues to the yoke of German princes hauing presently set vp in Castille the Armes of the Archduke Philip of Austria and of D. Ioane heire of these realmes in her mothers right and D. Frederic of Toledo duke of Alba aduanced these banners in their name yet the king D. Ferdinand continued lawfull gouernour vntill the comming of these princes who had aduertisement sent them presently into Flaunders of the Queenes death The Archduke Philip was then six and twentie yeares old faire of face well proportioned of his members of a good grace mild and courteous in speech of a great spirit actiue quicke and learned by reason whereof being in him more then ordinarie hee was surnamed the Great Whilest that he made preparation to come and take possession of this great inheritance king Ferdinand after the royall and stately obsequies of the deceased Queene and the bodie transported to Granado with a great traine he retired himselfe to the monasterie of Mejorada and from thence hee past to Toro being accompanied by D. Francis Ximenes Archbishop of Toledo Diego of Deca Archbishop of Seuille and others of great qualitie and learning to conferre about the execution of the deceased Queenes will 1 In the meane time Iohn de Cosa Voiage of Iohn de Cosa a good sea-man rigged forth foure Carauels out of port S. Maria at his owne charge and by Iohn of Ledesma of Seuille and others desirous to inrich themselues vndertaking the conquest of that countrey at the Indies which was held by the Caribes Whereupon setting sayle he came and toucht at a place called Carthagena there being joyned vnto him captaine Lewis Guerre who beginning to make warre together they tooke sixe hundred of these Barbarians in the island of Codego then coasting along the shore desirous to barter wares and to buy gold they entred into Vraba where they found some little gold in the sand and from thence they returned into the island of Hispaniola and the citie of S. Domingo laden with men but scanted of victuals and of all other things especially of gold wherof they were exceeding greedie The same yeare 1504 Fernando Cortez voyage to the Indies there went vnto the Indies Fernand Cortez borne at Medellin in Estremadura one of the most famous men that hath beene in these conquests vnto our dayes He arriued at S. Domingo in a ship belonging to Alphonso Quintero of Palos of Moguer where he was well entertained by the Secretarie Medine the gouernour being then absent and afterwards by the gouernor Nicholas d' Ouando himselfe being returned This was he which conquered Noua Hispania Of the maners of the Indians their idolatries and damnable superstitions the curious may be more amply informed by the particular histories of the Indies written by Peter Martyr of Angleria Gonsal Fernandes of Ouiedo Francisco Lopes of Gomara and others During king Ferdinands gouernment in Castille the Estate began to be trobled by some noblemen who thought that queen Isabel being dead they might lawfully tyrannise but the king hauing called the Estates to Toro 1505 in the yeare 1505 he caused a new oath to be taken to the queene D. Ioane his daughter and to her husband as kings of Castille Leon Granado c. and by his wisedome pacified those tumults and disorders which were likely to grow Chauncerie transported frō Cite Royall to Granado Which yeare for many reasons the Chauncerie which was at Cite Royall was transported to Granado where since it hath remained And by the persuasion of D. Francisco Ximenes Archbishop of Toledo and Primate of Spaine there was an expedition attempted against the Moores of Africke nothing concurring with the embassage which had beene sent to Caire whereof mention hath beene made 2 The Primate had had sundrie discourses with a Venetian called Ieronimo Vianello an industrious man and knowing the countrey of Africke His designe was vpon the citie of Oran Description of Oran well
then came and died in Spaine in the towne of Cigales neere to Vailledolit in the yeare 1558 and lyes in the monasterie of S. Benedict of Vailledolit 3 Whilest that the Queen D. Isabella liued they did still practise some meanes of peace betwixt France and Spaine and to this end the kings of Castille and Arragon had their embassadors in the French kings Court making shew that they would restore king Frederic to his realme of Naples or giue it to D. Ferdinand duke of Calabria his eldest sonne who was resident if Spaine but it was not credible for that is not the custome in our age to giue away kingdomes which they doe quietly enjoy especially hauing gotten it with so great charge neither did he any thing But the yeare of her decease there was a peace concluded betwixt the Emperor Maxmilian and his sonne Philip and king Lewis by the which it was the third time agreed That prince Charles of Austria should mariâ— Claude of France with the consent of the princes and noblemen of France by the kings commaundement and namely of Francis duke of Angoulesme who was next in degree to the Crowne It was also concluded That the Emperor Maximilian should grant the inuestiture of the duchie of Milan to king Lewis for him and his heires and successors males and for want of males to his daughter and to her future spouse prince Charles who dying before the consummation of the mariage she should be giuen in mariage to the Infant D. Ferdinand his brother and they their descendants should enjoy the said duchie of Milan For the expedition of which priuiledge and donation king Lewis should pay vnto the Emperor 70000. ducats vpon the deliuerie of the letters and the like summe six moneths after and euery yere vpon new-yeares day a paire of gilt spurs in signe of honor Betwixt the Pope the Emperour king Philip his Sonne and the French king there was a league made against the Venetians League made against the Venetians to recouer the townes and Lands which either of these Princes pretended to belong vnto him and had beene vsurped by this Common-weale into which league Ferdinand king of Arragon might enter if he pleased and there was not any mention made of the realme of Naples in expectation whereof king Fredederic ended his daies that yeare 1505. at Tours Peace betwixt France and Spaine That yeare the truce betwixt D. Ferdinand king of Arragon and the French king was conuerted to a peace vpon condition that king Ferdinand should marry Germaine the kings neece daughter to his sister and to Iohn of Foix and of Nauarre Vicount of Narbone which Lady was allyed to King Ferdinand in the third degree the Vicont of Narbone being borne of queene Leonora of Nauarre his Sister by reason of which consanguinity they had a dispensation from the Pope Treatie of marriage betwixt Ferdinand and the Lady Germaine of Foix. and in consideration of this marriage it was agreed that the part which the French king might pretend in the realme of Naples should stand in stead of a dowrie for his Neece the future queene of Arragon vpon condition that the king D. Ferdinand should pay vnto the French king seuen hundred thousand ducats for the charges hee had beene at in the warre of Naples and moreouer should indowe his spouse with three hundred thousand ducats and in regard thereof a peace being concluded the Noblemen and Barons of the Realme that were prisoners in the Spaniards hands should be deliuered and the banished men restored to their estates all confiscations being void That queene Germaine dying without children before the king D. Ferdinand her dowrie should remaine to him but if she suruiued and had no children it should returne to the crown of France That king Ferdinand shold be bound to assist Gaston of Foix brother to his future spouse to conquer the realme of Nauarre which he pretended to belong vnto him and not to queene Katherine his cousin That the French King should giue leaue to queene Elizabeth widowe to King Frederit to retyre into Spaine with two children which shee had in France to whome the King D. Ferdinand should giue honest meanes to liue and if she should refuse to goe that the French king should not giue any entertainment to her nor her children That for a stronger bond of peace and assurance of the two realmes the king of Spaine should be bound to aide him of France with two thousand light Horse three hundred men at armes and sixe thousand foot the French king him of Spaine with a thousand â— ances and sixe thousand foot in their warres The king of England was caution for both of them for this peace whereunto and to the marriage king Ferdinand did easily incline to quiet his minde in regard of the realme of Naples being also aduertised that his sonne in law king Philip contemning the will and testament of queene Isabell his mother in Lawe did not meane that hee should gouerne the realme of Castille Isabel widow to Frederic of Naples chased out of France The widow queene of Naples being chased out of France according to the accord she desired rather to retyre to Ferara vnder the protection of Duke Alfonso of Esse then to go into Spaine fearing it may be that king Ferdinand would put her children to death that there might not be any to pretend to the realme of Naples King Ferdinand hauing remained most part of the yeare at Segobia and hunting at Cerezuela hee came to salamanca there to spend the remainder in which yeare there dyed many great men of Spaine Death of many Gentlemen in Spaine D. Alfonso of Fonseca Bishop of Osma to whome there succeedded an ignorant and visaious prelate base Sonne to the Admirall D. Frederic Henriques called D. Alfonso Henriques borne of a slaue of which promotion the king did often repent him and was much blamed for it by other Prelates namely of frier Anthonie de la Pegna who preached before him There dyed also D. Pero Aluares Osorio Marquesse of Astorga who left for successor his Sonne D. Aluar Peres Osorio D. Gomes Suarez of Figueroa Earle of Feria to whome succeeded Don Laurence Suares of Figueroa his Sonne who hauing marryed D. Katherine of Cordoua eldest Daughter to D. Pedro of Cordoua and neece to the great Captaine came by her â—ight to bee Marquesse of Pâ—lego D. Alfonso of Fonseca Lord of Coca and Alacxos and D. Francisco of Velasco Earle of Siruela D. Hurtado of Mendosa gouernour of Casorla brother to the deceased Cardinall D. Pero Gonsales of Mendâ—ca did also end their daies this yeare The plague did also carry away infinite numbers of people in the citie of Burgos so as it was in a manner left desolate 4 In the yeare 1506 1506 vpon the controuersie growen betwixt the two kings father in lawe and sonne Difference betwixt D. FerdinaÌ„d king of Arragon and D. Philip and D.
Ioane king of Castille for the gouernment touching the gouernement of Castille Leon Granado and other the hereditarie lands of the deceased queene D. Isabella and for the which king Philip had sent embassadors into Spaine it was conculded that the kings D. Ferdinand D. Philip and D. Ioane should bee all three gouernours and that all letters should bee dispacht in their name whereupon their armes and Ensignes were againe set vp according to the ancient custome and this accord was proclaimed in the Citie of Salamanca on Twelfe day and soone after the kings D. Philip and D. Ioane parted from Flanders with many Ships D. Philip D. Ioan driuen into England by a storme who were suddenly dispersed by a violent storme and many of them driuen into diuers parts of England That wherein the kings were and two other ships came to Hampton where they caused some alteration in the towne the inhabitants fearing they had beene enemies but being knowne they did them honour as was fit for so great Princes Many knights and men of experience of their traine persuaded them not to land foreseeing that which did happen but king Philip hauing beene extreamely sicke and seeing the queene and noblemen which did accompany him in the same estate would not beleeue them but was the first who leaping into a boate caused himselfe to bee carried to land It being bruted abroad that a storme had driuen the kings of Castille vpon that coast a knight whose name was Thomas Trenchard hauing his house there nere adioyning came to doe him reuerence offring him his lodging with other commodities and entertained him vntill that king Henry the seuenth then raigning was aduertised by messengers sent in post then many men drewe thither in armes with a captaine called Iohn Carew who in the company of Thomas Trenchard besought king Philip not to depart out of England vntill that hee had seene their king who was his friend Then did king Philip find that hee had erred in not beleeuing the counsell of his followers and the queene more who notwithstanding carryed this crosse couragiously wherefore seeing that this intreatie was a commandement and that hee must obey it hee staied alleaging in vaine that his voyage was verie hastie with much other excuses Soone after there arriued many English noblemen who conducted them with great honour to the castle of Windsore whereas king Henrie attended them There king Philip was required by the king of England King of EnglaÌ„d forceth king Philip to deliuer him the duke of Suffolke to deliuer vnto him Edmond de la Poole duke of Suffolke his Competitor who was then a prisoner in the castle of Namur and so great was his desire to haue this duke as forgetting the lawes of hospitality and the friendship which princes allyes should beare one vnto another hee forced the king of Castille notwithstanding all excuses to giue him the duke vpon a promise that hee should not put him to death whereupon men were sent into Flanders to fetch this poore duke In the meane time king Henrie led his guests to London where hee entertained them with great and stately feasts and royall sports and the prisoner being arriued they had libertie to depart at their pleasures So as these kings hauing renewed the league with the king of England they imbarked and continued their voyage towards Spaine In the meane time Germaine the new queene of Arragon came to Duegnas Marriage of the king of Arragon with Germaine of Foix. wheras king Ferdinand came and married her There passed many noblemen of the realm of Naples of the Angeuin faction with her out of France into Spaine who soone after did accompany the king D. Ferdinand to Naples After the consummation of the marriage the king led the queene his wife to Vailledolit and there leauing her with D. Ioane his sister the old queene of Naples and one of her daughters hee went to Burgos to receiue the kings D. Philip and D. Ioane thinking that they had landed at Laredo or some other place of Biscaie but it fell out otherwise for they tooke port at Corunna or the Groine in Galicia whereof king Ferdinand being aduertised hee tooke the way to Leon and then to Torquemada to goe and meete his sonne in law and his daughter 5 At that time there dyed in Vailledolit the admirall Christopher Columbus the discouerer of the Indies Death of Christopher Columbus whose body was carryed to Seuile and was buried in the monasterie de las Cuenas of the Cartusiens To him his sonne Diego Columbus succeeded in the Admiraltie of the Indies who marryed D. Maria of Toledo daughter to D. Ferdinand of Toledo great Commander of Leon hee left another Sonne called D. Ferdinand Colomibus who was neuer married Among many deeds worthie of commendation of this Admirall D. Diego Colombus hee gathered together in the citie of Seuile Library gathered together by Diego Colombus one of the greatest and goodlyest Libraries in Christendome seeking out with great care and charge all good bookes in what language soeuer so as there were aboue twelâ—e thousand volumes for the keeping maintenance and increase of which liberarie he left and assigned sufficient rents 6 At the arriuall of the new kings of Castille the king D. Ferdinand found by experience that princes seruants doe most commonly follow then for profit Princes seruaÌ„ts follow for profit and not for affection and not for loue and affection for many of those that were with him in this voyage left him without leaue and went before to offer their seruice and to accompany their new maister the which discontented him very much These princes met betwixt Puebla of Saâ—abria and Asturie where hauing conferred together touching the manner of gouernment they did not agree whereupon the king D. Ferdinand came to Tordesillas much distasted of the king his sonne in law who with Queene D. Ioane past to Benauent The diligence and care of the Archbishop of Toledo to reconcile king Ferdinand and his children was such as they concluded that the king of Arragon should inioy the three masterships of Castille Order touching the gouernment of Castille Saint Iaques Calatraua and 〈◊〉 with the reuenues of the Indies and eight millions of Maâ—auidis of yearely rent during his life which queene D. Isabella had left him in regard whereof hee should bee contented to remaine in his countrie of Arragon to confirme which accord the two kings had an enteruiew within a league of Vailledolit in the vestrie of Renedo whereas the archbishop himself kept the doore There they say king Ferdinand gaue much counsel to his sonne in law by whome hee was intreated notwithstanding their accord to remaine in Castille and to helpe him to gouerne but he refused him and went away this yeare 1506 in Iuly King FerdinaÌ„d retires into Arragon leading his wife Queene Germaine with him into Arragon The kings D. Philip and D. Ioane entred into Vailledolit
and the French king again the Emperour 11 Mets besieged by the Emperour 12 Afrique a towne in the realme of Tunes taken by the Spaniards 13 Birth of Henrie of Bourbon king of France and Nauarre 14 Birth of D. Sebastian future king of Portugal 15 Mariage of D. Philip and Marie queene of England 16 Death of queene Ioane the Emperours mother 17 Death of Henrie of Albret king of Nauarre 18 The Emperor Charles giues ouer the gouernment to his sonne and retires into Spaine 19 Truce for fiue yeares betwixt France and Spaine soone broken 20 Mariage betwixt king Philip and Elizabeth of France and a peace concluded 21 Death of the Emperour Charles the fifth 22 Death of D. Iohn king of Portugal 23 Persecutions in Spaine for religion 24 Spaniards defeated in the island of Gelâ—es or Zerbi by the Turkes 25 End of the Councell of Trent 26 New bishop in the Netherlands 27 Contention betwixt the French and the Spanish for Precedence 28 Oraâ— defended and Pegnon de Veles taken by the Spaniards 29 Malta besieged by the Turkes releeued by the armie of Spaine 30 Enteruiew betwixt Charles the French king and Elizabeth his sister queene of Spaine 31 The Viceroy of Sicile in disgrace The Realmes of Castille Leon Arragon and Nauarre remaine vnited in D. Philip the second Portugal by the death of the King D. Iohn is gouerned by Queene Katherine his widow and the Cardinall D. Henrie during the Infancie of D. Sebastian 1 THis yeare 1545 the Emperour had two seuerall aduertisements the one of great joy and content Birth of prince Charls of Spain the other of much sorrow and heauinesse He had newes That the prince D. Philip had his first son born in Vailledolit the ninth of Iuly who at his Christening was called Charls at the which there were great solemne feasts prepared but within three dayes after all was turned into mourning and heauinesse by a strange accident for the princesse Marie the young childs mother died for that as they sayed she had eaten something disorderly contrarie to the state wherein she was which happened by the negligence of the duchesse of Alua and the wife of Couos the high Chauncellor to whom the care of her being committed they absented themselues a little being desirous to see a certaine sight Death of Marie of Portugal wife to D. Philip so as at their returne they found her dead or dying The prince felt that force which is vsuall at the losse of so deere a person yet bearing it with that constancie that was fit for his royall mind but the loue hee bare her being a princesse of singular vertues made him to retire himselfe for a time Shee was much lamented and wanted of all men for her great bountie and charitie She was honoured with a â—oyall funerall pompe her bodie remained for a time in Saint Paules church in that towne in the custodie of the Dominican Friers vntill that it was carried to the royall chappell of Granado D. Philip had this sorrow increased soone after with a new griefe for the death of D. Iohn of Tauera Cardinall and Archbishop of Toledo vnder whose wise gouernement he had beene bred vp from his infancie so as he loued and respected him much The Emperour Charles hauing concluded a peace with the French king he presently began to imbrace the affaires of Germanie which were in combustion by reason of religion since the preaching and writing of Luthar against the Pope to whom some princes of that nation and many townes did adhere Which controuersie many graue and religious men did beleeue might haue beene easily reconciled by the Emperours onely authoritie being assisted by the Estates and Princes of the Empire without crauing any other helpe But according to the common opinion this prince and the Popes were possest with one humor to rule absolutely the Popes aspiring to bee sole Iudges in matters concerning religion and Charles aspiring to the like soueraigne power in temporall things depending of the Imperiall function and not to gouerne himselfe by a certaine necessitie according to the aduice of the assemblies of the Estates which they call Diets by the which hee thought hee was kept in awe 2 Pope Paul and he concurring in one designe 1546 made a league the six and twentieth of Iune 1546 League betwixt the Pope and Emperour by the negotiation of the Councell of Trent and they concluded to pursue the Councell of Trent published the yeare before and begun in December and for that the Protestants did not allow of it nor would not submit themselues vnto it it was said the Emperour should force them by armes and if he entred into any treatie of peace with them hee should not doe any thing to the prejudice of the Church of Rome That the Pope should consigne an hundred thousand crownes at Venice besides an hundred thousand which he had alreadie consigned to be imployed in this warre That he should moreouer entertaine twelue thousand foot and fiue hundred light horse for six monethes ouer the which he should appoint a Legat colonels and captaines That the Emperour might for this warre take the one halfe of the reuenues of the Clergie and sell of abbie lands to the value of fiue hundred thousand crownes And if any prince should seeke to hinder their resolution they should joyne their forces together to resist him This was at such time as the Councell began whereas they made preparation for warre against the Protestants both in Germanie Spaine and Italie the Emperours designe extending faâ—ther for his 〈◊〉 was as it appeared since and was not then vnknowne That after that he had 〈◊〉 the Protestants Designe of the Emperour against Germanie which made the greatest power of Germanie he would subiect the Estates of the Empire to his will that he might keepe the Empire in his familie and make it hereditarie And to giue some proofe of this absolute power which he did affect he had made a truce with the Turke the better to attend this warre without taking the 〈…〉 those princes and States who had contributed great suâ—â—es of money to raâ—se an armie against that common enemie of Christendome The Protestants had long before made a declaration That they tooke the Pope and Sea of Rome for the◠〈◊〉 partie and therefore they would not haue him for Iudge accusing him of impietie saeriledge false doctrine and of vsurpation ouer the magistrats appointed by God and of many other crimes They offered to giue vndoubted proofes to a free Councell lawfully called were it generall or nationall in Germanie They complained That the Emperour had often put them in hope but now they saw themselues frustrat yea that contrarie to the decree of the last Diet of Spier and Wormes where it was concluded That to prepare the way to so holy an assembly there should be a conference of Doctors and men of State of either part which should bring in writing the
these there were as some write other secret articles concluded betwixt Caraffa and the duke of Alba concerning Palieno and that duke During these broiles betwixt the Pope and the king of Spaine the warre was as violent vpon the frontiers of Artois Picardie where the duke of Sauoy being general for the king of Spain S. Quentin taken entred with an armie of 40000 men he beseeged S. Quentin defeated and tooke the Constable which came for to relieue it and then tooke the towne after which the duke of Guise was called home out of Italie The duke of Sauoy hauing taken Castelet and some other places in Picardie dissolued his armie after which the French king hauing raised a great armie commaunded by the duke of Guise Calis taken hee tooke Calis Guines and all the land of Oye from the English in the heart of winter 1558 Soone after the Marshall of Termes went with an armie into Flaunders where hauing taken Bergues and Dunkerke and beseeged Grauelin hee was charged by the earle of Egmont his armie defeated and hee himselfe taken Marshall of Termes defeated After which rout the French king leuied new forces and came and camped about Amiens And king Philip on the other side being nothing inferiour in forces lodged neere vnto Dourlans Whilest that these two mightie armies which lay so neere one vnto another held all the world in expectation of some bloudie battell God inspired the hearts of these two great Princes with a desire to quench this warre without effusion of bloud and to preferre an accord before a doubtfull victorie wherefore their Deputies being assembled in the Abbaie of Cercampe vpon the Marches of Artois hauing propounded certaine Articles a peace was more easily concluded at Castell Cambresis Peace betwixt France and Spaine vpon the newes of the death of Marie queene of England The conditions were 1 That king Philip being a widower should marrie Elizabeth eldest daughter to king Henrie 2 That Marguerite of Fraunce the kings Sister should bee giuen in marriage to Emanuel Philibert duke of Sauoy and that in consideration thereof all his country townes Castles and iurisdictions of Sauoy and Piedmont should bee restored except the towns of Turin Quier Pignerol Chiuas and Villanoua of Ast which should continue three yeares in the French kings hands and that in the meane time the king of Spain should retaine Ast and Verceil 3 That all the Townes and forts which had beene taken in these last warres should bee restored on either part whether they did belong to those kings or to others which had followed their parties and namely the Island of Corsica to the Genouois Montferrat to the duke of Mantoua and the towne and castle of Bouillon to the bishop of Leege 4 That they of the house of Longueuille should bee put in possession of the countie of Saint Paul and the king D. Philip of the country of Charalois the Soueraigntie referued but there was no mention made of the Siennois 5 That the two kings should doe their best endeuours to entertaine the peace of Christendome and should procure the continuance and ending of the generall councell begun at Trent This yeare one thousand fiue hundred fiftie and eight Death of Queen Leonora queene Leonora sister to the Emperour Charles the fift died in Februarie at Talaberuela three leagues from Badajos shee was first wife to Emanuell king of Portugall and then to Francis the French king she was honoured with a royall funerall pompe And in September following the emperour Charles ended all his toiles Death of the Emperour Charles the fift and past to a better life in the monasterie of Saint Iust where hee had remained two yeares his bodie was left there to bee afterwards buried in the monasterie of Saint Laurence which king Philip his sonne did since build with great charge and state in remembrance of the victorie gotten against the French and the taking of the Constable on Saint Laurence day the tenth of August Hee left an immortall fame of his valour Praises of the Emperour Charles more than any of his predecessors had done in many hundred yeares before for that in him all those vertues might be seene which are to bee desired in one that shold gouerne his people iustly and commaund armes and manage warre iuditiously He was verie religious and pitifull to the poore wherein he seemed rather prodigal than liberall In his eating drinking apparel he was very temperate modest so as he might wel be a president to any priuat mā as wel as to great princes in the practise of that vertue He had a care of justice to haue it duly administred although the continual wars wherewith he was afflicted made him to endure many defects He not only spake the language of euery nation on where hee commaunded in Europe but also those that were not vnder his gouernment for hee spake the French and Sclauon tongues readily In other things hee was not learned but eloquent shewing great grauitie in his speech It seemed that his good fortune did strue with vertue to fauour him Hee was prompt in execution and constant against any apparent daunger little esteeming death Hee was so accustomed to the toyles of warre that vntill hee grew aged it seemed no trouble vnto him Hee liued eight and fiftie yeares sixe moneths and sixe and twentie daies his funerals were celebrated with great pompe throughout all the cities of his realme yea throughout Christendome euerie one seeming both in publike in and in priuate to be partakers of this generall losse In December after king Philip his Sonne caused his funerall to bee made at Brussells with great state and pompe where all his most glorious enterprises were represented Spaine this yeare besides the losse of two such great Princes was not a little annoyed by the Turkes army which going from Prouence landed some men in the Island of Minorca beyond the port of Maone and there after some difficultie and losse Armie of Turks in Minorca they tooke Cittadella where there were not aboue fiue hundred men to defend it of whome there were aboue foure hundred slaine the Turkes disdaining that they were forced to batter it and to giue some assaults before they could take it And so valour which is wont to bee admired and respected of the enemie did now cause a contrarie effect in the hearts of these barbarous and cruell men and hauing spoyled the towne and the whole island they returned with many prisoners into Prouence 22 A little before the emperours death Death of D. Iohn the third king of Portugal D. Iohn the third of that name king of Portugall died at Lisbone to the great griefe of his subiects by reason of the infancie wherein hee left D. Sebastian the heire of the Crowne Hee was stately and beautifull Prince and of hautie enterprise hee continued the Nauigation of the Indes with great happinesse and reputation and made the name
and bad impressions lightly receiued and especially how they stray dangerously from the dutie which they owe to God and nature when they enterlace religion with their human policies to countenance their actions Whilst the duke of Alua seeks to afflict the towns of the low countries by strange intollerable impositions exacting the tenth penie of all marchandise that was sold and the twentieth penie of euery mans estate He began to quarrell with the Queene of England Quarrell betwixt the duke of Alba and the English pretending that shee had staied a great summe of money which was sent by sea out of Spaine into the Lowe Countries the which said the Duke did belong vnto the King of Spaine his master whom she should intreat with all brotherly loue Whereunto the Queene answered that shee was duely informed the said money did belong to certaine Merchants of Genoua and hauing then occasion to vse it shee would staie it for a time and pay them reasonable interest Despes Embassadour in England for the Catholike King made great instance for this money Englishmen and their goods arrested in the Lowe Countries and Spaine but he could get no other answer Whereupon the Duke of Alba did presently arrest all the English merchants with their shippes and goods that were at Antwerp or within his gouernment Whereupon all commerce was broken betwixt the king of Spaines subiects and the English who left the trade to Antwerp and carried their goods to Hamborough The Queene of England published a declaration of her proceeding in this businesse complaining that the Duke of Alba had dealt vniustly with her and her subiects but all this could not procure any restitution for the English Merchants who had letters of reprisall granted them against king Philips subiects to recouer the losses which they had sustained by these arrests both in Spaine and the Lowe Countries The English Merchants became men of warre and so many went to sea some with a desire of gaine and others with hope to recouer what they had lost as not a shippe could passe betwixt Spaine and the Lowe Countries to the ruine of many poore men wherof great complaints came to the Court of Spaine The Duke of Alba seeing what a breach he had made betwixt those two States to the preiudice of his masters subiects seeking to repaire the errour which he had committed Queen of England refuseth to heare the duke of Albas Embassador he sent Christopher d'Assonuille a Counseller of Estate to the Queene of England to reconcile this quarrell but shee refused to heare him vnlesse he came from the king his master and had letters of credit signed with his owne hand but comming from the Duke of Alba her Maiestie sent him to treat with her Councell which hee hauing no warrant to doe returned without audience Yet shee let him vnderstand that although shee found her selfe much wronged shee would not take Armes vnlesse the Duke of Alba began The like shee wrot to the king of Spaine complaining of the Duke of Alba's presumption Soone after the Duke sent Chiapin Vitelli Marquis of Cetone with some others to demand the money and to free all arrests of either side but they effected not any thing whereupon the Duke sold all the English mens goods that were vnder arrest These were the seeds of warre betwixt the two Princes which continued vnto their deaths to the ruine of many of their subiects especially Spaniards and Portugals The Princes of Germanie hearing what cruelties and spoiles the duke of Alba and his Spaniards committed in the Lowe Countries they prest the Emperour Maximilian to deale in those matters betwixt the king and his subiects there yea to take knowledge thereof as Emperour saying that without doubt the Prouinces which are beyond the riuer of Escaut towards the East were of the Imperiall Iurisdiction as those that are on this side were of the soueraigntie of France But the Emperour did not thinke it fit to vse his Imperiall authority but prayers and intercessions Whereupon he sent the Archduke Charles his brother into Spaine Charles Archduke of Austria sent into Spaine vpon colour to aske the king of Spaines aduice for the mariage of his two daughters and withall hee had giuen him ample instructions to treat with him touching the affaires of his Netherlands and to intreat him by all faire meanes to grant a generall pardon to his people there and to call home the duke of Alba and his Spaniards assuring him that in so doing he should be obeyed but if he did persist in that cruell persecution they would be releeued both with men and money from Germanie the which he could not preuent The Archduke came to Genoua where he imbarkt in the duke of Sauoys gallies and was receiued by the king of Spaine with great honour Treatise of mariage his embassage was very pleasing touching that which concerned the mariages of his two neeces for he found the king disposed to marrie the elder the which had bin appointed for the vnfortunate Prince D. Charles his sonne And as for the second which the Emperour desired to match with the king of Portugall who was yet very yong hee had a promise from king Philip to imploy himselfe to haue the French king marrie her although he had alreadie demanded the other and they were entred into treatie by the means of the Cardinalles of Guise and Espinosa But as for the affaires of the Netherlands the Archduke could not obtaine anie thing in fauor of them that were banished nor of the poore prouinces afflicted For making relation vnto him of the speeches held by the Princes Electors to the Emperor and that they pretended he had a right of protection ouer those people and that hee should make himselfe iudge of their quarrels as depending of the Empire it did much incense the king who answered that the Germanes were much deceiued in their conceptions in that regard and that he had sufficient right and power to shew that he was a soueraign Prince and did not acknowledge any other superior on earth He knew well that the duke of Alba had vsed some excesse but he was woont to say that he had rather loose all those Prouinces with others than to haue rebellious subiects especially in matters which concerned religion Thus the Archduke was dismist hauing receiued a present of 100000 crownes to helpe him to furnish his frontier places against the Turke with many iewels of price And he had commission when hee came into Germanie to doe the ceremonies of their contracting in his name with his future Spouse Returning by Italie he did visit his sisters and neeces the duchesses of Ferrara Florence and Montoua and then he came vnto the Emperour to giue him an account of his negotiation with king Philip whom hee had left ingaged in a warre against the Moores of Granado almost as difficult as that of the Netherlands Wee haue formerly made mention of the discontents of
were D. Michel de Moncado D. Bernardin de Cardines and Salazar Captaine of the Citadell of Palermo in the middest were D. Francis Zapate and Lewis Carrillo and in the poupe D. Iohn with the great Commaunder of Castille the Earle of Plego D. Lewis de Cordoua Roderigo de Benauides D. Iohn de Guzman D. Philip de Heredia Ruy Dias de Mendosa and others In Aly Bassas galley were foure hundred Ianisaries shot and some Archers tryed men who fought verie valiantly against D. Iohns Spaniards who entred twice into the Turkes Admirall and were valiantly repulst by them Aly being succoured by diuers others gallies which were about him but such was the resolution of the Christians as they became masters thereof Marc Antonio Colonna arriuing in whose galley was the Commander Romeias who wanted neither iudgement nor courage Aly Bassa was slaine and in a maner all that were in his galley his head was cut from his bodie and presented vnto D. Iohn who caused it to bee set vpon the end of a pike for a spectacle to encourage the Christians to pursue the victorie and to daunt the Turkes who began then to faint Iohn Andrew Doria was also Victor on his part but some said that hee might haue done better if hee had list for hee suffered Vluccialy to escape In these actions there is no man troubled but such as are in them the rest speake at pleasure The most furious combat was in the left wing of the armie whereas the Proueditor Barbarigo commaunded who left scarce any one of the enemies gallies but was broken sunk or taken This wise and valiant Captaine was shot into the eye with an arrow whereof hee dyed Portau Bassa fled away in a boat seeing Aly slaine and the battell lost Caracossa Gouernour of Valona a famous Pyrat was slaine by Honorat Gaietan Captaine of one of the Popes Gallies The valour of Martin de Padille was great who with his onely galley tooke three of the enemies It was an horrible spectacle to see the Sea dyed with bloud full of dead Carkasses and peeces of gallies Many sought to runne themselues on gronnd but they were preuented by the Venetian gallies many Turkes cast themselues into the Sea thinking to saue their liues by swimming but they fainted and perished before they got to land It was the greatest victorie that had beene at Sea in many ages Number of the dead The battell continued eighteene houres wherein they spent some part of the night there died about fiue and twentie thousand Turkes and almost all the Commaunders others write that there were fifteene thousand Turkes slaine and seuen thousand Christian and some write thirteene thousand There were taken and carried away one hundred and seuenteene gallies and thirteene Galleots and many were sunke the number whereof was vnknowne there were some thirtie and nine gallies galleots and foists which escaped and came to Lepanto which relikes Vluccialy had charge to conduct to Constantinople yet they were so ill handled as hee was faine to leaue sixe of them behind They tooke one hundred and seuenteene Canons and two hundred fiftie and eight small peeces of Ordnance some number three thousand eight hundred fortie and sixe prisoners and some 5000 among which were the two Sons of Aly Bassa Sirocco gouernor of Negropont was taken but he was so wounded as he died soone after his wife who was exceeding faire was also taken prisoner There were 15000 Christian slaues set at libertie The Christians besides priuat men lost 14 Captaines of gallies and sixty knights of Malta and aboue eight thousand that were hurt of men of name there were slaine Augustin Barbarigo the Prouiditor with fifteene other gentlemen of Venice D. Bernardin de Cardine a Spaniard Horatio and Virginio Vrsini with diuers others and of wounded D. Iohn himselfe the Generall Veniero Paul Iourdain Vrsini the earle of Sancta Fiora Troilo Saâ—elli and Thomas de Medicis They found in Alys galley two and twentie thousand peeces of gold called Soldamini and in that of Caracossa forty thousand The whole prey was diuided at Port Caligiero some write at Corfu to euerie one of the confederates according to the rate the king of Spaine had of six parts three the state of Venice two and the Pope one and all the captaines and souldiers were commended and rewarded for their good seruice After which D. Iohn Marc Antonio Colonna and D. Iohn Andrew Doria retyred to Messina whereas they found that the Marquesse of Pescara the Viceroy was newly dead hauing frequented women too much Marc Antonio Colonna went to Rome the great Commaunder of Castille with him to treat with the Pope touching the next yeres seruice for the league and to goe to his gouernment of the duchie of Milan which the king had giuen him after the death of the duke of Albuquerque This victorie was wonne the seuenth of October 1571 without any further poursuit for the opinions of the commanders depending of sundrie masters were diuers and also for that the season of the yeare was too farre spent The duke of Alba being incensed against the Queene of England Duke of Alba sends to treat with the queene of England for that she had staied his money and as hee thought fauoured the Rebels of the Netherlands vnder hand he studied how to crosse her and to cause some troubles in her Countrie and to giue the better forme to that which had been begun by his practises hee sent Chiapin Vitelli vnder colour to treat with her of the composition of reprisals and restitution of that which had beene taken from king Philips subiects but hee gaue him secret instructions against that state if hee might conueniently effect them There was no meanes to come to any accompt for the spoiles which were taken by the English from any of the king of Spaines subiects or adherents for that they were either wasted by priuat men or else the truth could not be verified Wherefore Vitelli was sent backe with good words and could doe nothing in that respect And as for the enterprises whereof hee had charge to conferre with certaine Noble men discontented with the present gouernment hee could not worke any thing for during his aboad in England hee was carefully obserued yet the Pope had his Spies and Negotiators in the countrie and did solicite king Philip to help to depriue the queen both of her crowne and life and that the Roman Catholikes and such as vnder that pretext desired innouations might be the Masters To effect this they had need both of men and money but especially of a stranger to bee their leader such a one as the duke of Alba whome they held to be fitter than any other The king whither through importunitie or willingly being full of other affaires yeelded and it happened that Chiapin Vitelli after his returne from England comming into Spaine to craue leaue of the king for that he was called into Italie by some princes vnto whome
Iohn Andrew Doria was gone to that end the nobilitie hauing prouided money to make warre when D. Iohn hearing that they to whom it was compromitted in the name of those great princes could not pacifie them he sent order to the Gouernour of Milan to dismisse his Germans and Italians that the faction of the Nobles might imploy them to reduce them to their duties that had no will of an accord With which troupes the faction of the Old went to field and tooke diuers places In the end after many letters written from the Pope Emperour and King of Spaine it was wholly compromitted to their agents who caused a suspension of armes and there were hostages giuen by both factions to stand to their arbitrement but the accord was not fully concluded vntill the yeare following This yeare there grewe seeds of warre in Afrike which past into Europe to the great preiudice of Christendome for that Muley Mahomet king of Marocco beeing loath to leaue the gouernment of that realme to Muley Moluc his vncle according to the will of his grandfather dying Moluc fled de vnto the Turkes for aid and obtained it with the which Muley Mahomet expelled out of his realm and with the Moores which fauoured him he made warre against his nephew and defeated him thrice in battell so as he remained absolute Lord of the realmes of Fez and Marocco his nephew beeing fled vnto the mountaines where with some that followed him he ranne vp and downe not as a king but like a thiefe beeing by nature both couetous and cruell vntill that in the end he persuaded the ill aduised king of Portugal not onely to giue him succours to recouer his realme but to passe thither in person with the ruine of that royall house as you shall hereafter heare 2 After the death of Lewis de Requesens 1576 great Commaunder of Castille D. Iohn d' Austria was appointed to succeed him in the gouernment of the Netherlands D. Iohn of Austria gouernour of the Netherlands to which end he came into Luxembourg but he would not aduance vntill that the Estates had accepted him for gouernour and Lieutenant generall to the king his brother This prince was once in an humour as wee haue said to obtaine the crowne of Tunis by the bountie of the king D. Philip whom hee had caused to bee often importuned by the Pope wherein the king tooke no delight but the taking of that citie by the Turkes and the razing of those forts which the Spaniards had built to keepe it in awe made him to forget that humour but it did not quench his desire to raigne in some other countrie in the which a Secretarie of his called Iohn de Soto entertained him Which the king vnderstanding hee tooke him from him and commaunded him to vse the seruice of Iohn d' Escouedo Iohn de Escouedo Secretarie to Don Iohn by which change he got little he animating him more to greatnesse wherefore he thought it expedient to diuert him somewhat from these ambitious desires to drawe him out of Italie and from those honourable imployments which presented themselues and to send him into Flanders to contend against his rebellious subiects the which D. Iohn hearing hee bare it with great impatiencie to see himselfe so much deiected as to become as a man would say an Algouzil or Prouost Marshall to punish common people whereas he had been Generall of armies to the greatest Potentates in Christendom against the incomparable forces of the great Turke Hauing failed of Tunis he conuerted his thoughts vpon England and caused the king to be solicited to make warre vpon that realme D. Iohn a-spires to the crowne of England for that said he Queene Elizabeth had alwaies fauoured the Estates and townes of the Lowe countries in their contumacie and rebellion and to make him Generall hoping to make himselfe king thinking that the affaires of the Lowe countries were too little to keepe him occupied The king D. Philip for that hee would not flatly refuse him seemed to yeeld to it but hee said they must first subdue the Flemings commaunding him to goe directly out of Italie thither and not to passe by Spaine but he obaied him not for he went out of Italie into Spaine and all by the counsell of Escouedo which made the king to bee ill conceited of him but in the end hee was forced to goe and arriued as you haue heard Beeing accepted for their gouernour hee ratified the treatie of Gand made by the Deputies of the Prouinces for the expelling of all strange souldiers and other things the which was confirmed by the king of Spaine 1577 in April 1577 and his Letters of approbation sent to D. Iohn Then the poore Netherlanders beganne to hope for better vsage thinking that they were at an end of all their miseries but the effects which followed did soone shew that this hope had beene conceiued vpon apparances For in all D. Iohns gouernement there was nothing but dissimulations D. Iohns carriage in his gouernment secret enterprises accusations false imputations surprises and apparent designes to heap vpon this people all the miseries of the precedent gouernements although the effects did not follow according to the Spaniards desires The which they imputed to D. Iohn who was not come into the Low Countries to liue there in a quiet estate or to walke in his night gowne but with an intent that the enterprise of England should proceed and that the King would make him Generall but seeing that notwithstanding all troubles in his gouernement were in a maner pacified they made no preparation tending to inuade that Iland and that there came no aduice out of Spaine conformable to his desire yet would hee commaund an armie and breed occasions to imploy it where he was What his particular actions were you may read in that countrie historie Sir Francis Drake beeing incouraged by the good successe of his first voyage to the Indies Voyage of Sir Francis Drake into the South sea and about the world resolued to make a new attempt and to passe into the South thinking thereby to doe his Prince and Countrey great seruice to winne himselfe immortall fame and to annoy the King of Spaine and his subiects wherefore in Nouember in the yere one thousand fiue hundred seuentie and seuen he went forth of Plimmouth with fiue English shippes and barques bending his course towards the Indies my meaning is nto to report the particularities of this voyage but onelie to touch the action summarily for that it concernes Spaine in August after his departure he past the Strait of Magellan and came into the South sea whereas the Spaniards liued secure from all feare hauing neuer seene any Englishman there before Beeing in this sea hee tooke many ships and barkes with great store of treasure but there was one shippe which exceeded all the rest in wealth he tooke it at a place called Cape S. Francisco
by Diego de Carcamo This Carcamo vvas a gentleman of Castile who had serued D. Antonio when he was but Prior of Crato in the life of King Henry who seeing that King Philip had resolued after his decease to seize vpon the Realme of Portugal by armes and that the Gouernors made a shew that they would defend it he had demaunded his leaue and was retired into Castile whereas the King suffred him to follow the Duke of Albas campe as a voluntary Being in the army after the taking of Setuual Discours betwixt D. Antonio aâ—d Carcaâ—o at the passage of the riuer of Tayo he had leaue giuen him to goe to Lisbone to see the new King D. Antonio letting the Duke vnderstand that it was the King their Masters pleasure Being well entertained by D. Antonio they beganne to discourse of the present Estate of the affaires and of what might happen seriously and without vanity they both concluding that D. Antonio had committed an error in taking vpon him the title of a King Carcamos speech to D. Antonio and that he should haue beene satisfied with that of defender of the country and that hauing in effect no support neither from the Gouernors who were opposite vnto him nor from the Estates who were disperst nor of the Nobility nor of any other but of the Inhabitants of Lisbone and some other townes whereas the multitude being ignorant inconstant base and vilde are alwaies mutinous and disobedient in such occasions he must needs thinke that he could not subsist and that he must yeeld vnto the forces of Castile being in danger to be ill intreated and without any respect if he were taken and escaping hee must not hope that any Prince in Christendome would vndertake a warre for his sake He might well procure some weake succors from France or England vnder the name of voluntaries without advow for once with the hazard of some incounter but this were no great foundation obtayning a victory either at sea or land to thinke your selfe thereby setled against a mighty Prince as King Philip is who hath meanes in an instant to repaire all the losses that may happen vnto him It is true said Carcamo that this name and title of a King or Soueraigne Prince is a sweet enchantment to bewitch men and it seemes that honour doth binde your highnesse hauing once gotten it to maintaine it with the hazard of your life and rather to die fighting then to leaue it This were good if we knew our aduentures which are most incertaine Man dies not when nor how hee doth imagine it depends of the wil of God A King is as soone taken as slaine in a battaile If your highnesse should be taken consider what would be your condition and seeke no farther into Gods secret Iudgements who shewes plainly by the successe of King Philips enterprises that he hath ordained the realme of Portugal should be vnited to that of Castile That he should haue recourse whilest he had time to those remedies which might warrant him from dishonour and infamy rather then to contend in vaine against heauen and nature and cast himselfe into the Kings armes whom hee holds for his enemy assuring him that he should find him milde and forgetting all that was past giuing him meanes to liue with honour if not with the title of a King yet in quality of a Prince whom hee will loue and acknowledge as his kinsman Diego de Carcamo did without any dispute make D. Antonio allow of these reasons who knowing them to be most true resolued to write an humble letter vnto King Philip yet still retayning some right vnto himselfe He excused himselfe for that hee had taken the name of King D. Antonio wriâ—s to king Philip. and receiued royall honours at Saint Iren Setuual and at Lisbone the question of succession beeing not decided saying that he had beene forced by the multitude who would haue yeelded him no obedience if he had onely carried the title of defender of the country and that if he had prepared to make defence it was by authority from the states which is the greatest power within the realme the royall seat being voide and that his Highnesse should impute that to the loue and charity which euery good Portugues should carry vnto the crowne of Portugal being then free and full of honours purchased by the proper and peculiar vertues which God had infused into the Nation both in Kings and subiects the which he greeued to see conâ—ounded and in danger to be darkened beeing mingled with the trophees of Castile And howsoeuer he held himselfe bound to perseuer in this defence thinking the quarrel iust in his conscience and by the consultations which hee had had both in the vniuersities of the country as strangers as well of Diuines as Lawiers yet considering the condition of humaine things and the vncertentie of their euents and also to spare bloud and to preuent the insolencies and spoiles which follow warre he was content to lay aside armes and the title of King knowing how his highnesseâ—ment to intreat both the realmes and him This was the substance of the letter which Diego de Carcamo carried vnto King Philip being yet at Badajos the which hee receiued in good part seeming desirous the quarrel might be ended by such submissions without any more force But for that this negotiation fell out either during the Kings sicknesse or vpon his recouery being it may bee aduised to haue this matter treated of farre from him to the end hee might not haue his spirits continually importuned nor haue occasion to alter his humors by any difficulty that should put him in choller hee gaue the whole charge thereof to the Duke of Alba to whom Diego of Carcamo was sent who made some voiages more to Lisbone and had so well aduanced the businesse as there remained nothing but to draw neere and to conferre together by their Deputies or in person if it might bee when as Don Antonio receiuing letters from the Duke conceiued by the termes thereof an opinion that hee contemned him and that hee would treat with him as a Master for although that the Duke did witnesse by the tenor of his letters that hee would imploy his best endeauors to attaine vnto a peace saying that he honoured the memory of the Infant D. Lewis his father the which did binde him to seeke D. Antonios aduancement in this treaty yet he gaue him no other title but your Lordship where they had beene accustomed to say vnto him your Highnesse since he was King and before your Excelleny when he was but Prior of Crato This ceremonious kinde of speaking being omitted by the Duke of Alba willingly to humble Don Antonio was the cause that the treaty went not forward which was a great crosse both for the country and himselfe D. Philip being now King of all Spaine King Philip enters into Portugal entred into Portugall soone after his recouery and came
and couetous gouernement This yeare there was another enterprise by an English Gentleman whose name was Thomas Cauendish who passed into the South seas as Sir Francis Drake had done where after many accidents in Nouember 1587. the Generall hauing two shippes mette with a great shippe of the King of Spaines called Saint Anna the which was Admirall of the South-sea Cauendish takes the S. Anna in the South seas beeing about 700. tunnes burthen the which after six or seuen houres fight and thre seuerall charges yeelded to haue their liues saued In which shippe by the confession of the Captaine and Pilot they had an hundred and two and twenty thousand Pezo's of gold and the rest of the lading was in silkes satten damaske muske with many other good commodities in the end they set fire of the Kings shippe and burnt her hauing to the quantitie of 500. tunnes of goods in her then sayling by the Philippina's the Moluccos and the Cape of Bona Speranza they arriued safely in England in September 1588. King Philip after much warre the losse of his wiues and children and the little hope he had of long life in the Prince his sonne beeing of a weake complexion and ill disposed beganne this yeare to haue more cause of content for now the young Prince began to bee vigorous and of a spirit befitting an heire of so great dominions and on the other side the second Infanta Donna Catherina hauing had a sonne the last yeare did this yere double his ioy with another giuing him the more content for that the first was christened with so great solemnitie the twelfth day of May foure daies after that the second was borne Yet touching his publike affaires the Low-countrie warres troubled him much the which hee referred to the valour and wisedome of the Duke of Parma and liued himselfe quietly in Spaine But finding that the Queene of England did fauour and protect his Rebels of the Low-countries as he tearmed them and that shee did feed the fire of that long warre to be reuenged of that iniurie and to employ his forces to aduance the Romish religion he made preparation to transport the miseries of warre into England giuing countenance and entertainment to all the fugitiue Papists of that country The Queene of England beeing aduertised of this great preparation in Spaine for the inuasion of England shee was aduised to preuent it whereuppon shee armed foorth a Fleet of some 30 sayle in the which there were 4. ships and a pinaces of her Maiesties the rest were Merchants of good seruice Sir Francis Drake was appointed Generall of this Fleete which went towards the coast of Spaine this yeare in Aprill And beeing aduertized that there was great store of warlike prouision at Cadiz the which was readie to go for Lisbon he made all possible speed thither to intercept these prouisions so as on the 19 of Aprill he entred with his Fleet into the harbour of Cadiz where at the first they were affronted by sixe gallies but they soone retired vnder their fort There lay in the roade sixtie ships with diuers smaller vessels vnder the fort and such as could passe the sholds fled vp to port Real there came foure gallies more downe against them from Saint Mary port and port Real but they were well beaten they burnt in this harbor a shippe of Ragouça of a thousand tunne hauing fortie peeces of brasse Ordinance in her Ships burnt at Cadiz by the English and richly laden and another great new ship of twelue hundred tunne belonging to the Marquis of Santa Cruz high Admirall of Spaine with many others laden with victuals wine iron workes biscuit oyle fruite and other commodities which were to be transported to the Indies or to serue for the prouision of the Fleet which was preparing for England so as they burnt sunke and carried away to the number of thirty shippes and barkes beeing as they esteemed them ten thousand tuns of shipping Whilest they lay in the roade the gallies and forts shot continually at them and such shippes as they could defend no longer they fired to driue among the English shippes who were somewhat troubled to auoid them This resolute attempt was performed in one day and two nights to the great amazement of the King of Spaine and the Marquis of Santa Cruz his Admirall After their comming out of the roade of Cadiz this English Fleete was followed by ten gallies who notwithstanding suffred them to ride quietly at an anchor by them Then they bent their course towards cape Sacre beeing well victualled at the enemies charge vpon the way they tooke at seuerall times almost an hundred shippes barkes and carauels laden with hoopes gally oares pipe-staues with other prouisions for the King of Spaines armie intended for England all which they burnt and landed the men They also spoyled the fisher-boates and nets for the fishing of Tunies And comming to Cape Sacre they landed and tooke three forts some by force the rest by composition From thence they came neere vnto Lisbone anchoring neere vnto Cascais where the Marquis of Santa Cruz was with his gallies and yet he came not foorth against them Hauing a message sent him by the Generall that he was readie there to exchange certaine bullets with him the Marquis returned him an answer that hee was not readie for him neither had he any such commission from the king his master The Generall seeing no more good to be done vpon the coast of Spaine hee bent his course towards the Ilands of the Açores where by good fortune beeing within thirty leagues of Saint Michels he met with a Caracke of Portugall called S. Philip the which they tooke Carack of Portugal taken by Sir Francis Drake hauing made little resistance sending the people home into their country in other vessels well furnished with victuals And this was the first Carake that euer was taken comming from the East Indies The riches of this prize was held exceeding great whereupon they resolued to returne into England the which they did with their whole Fleete and their admirable rich prize The religious desire which the Catholike King had long had to haue Friar Diego Seniliano of the castle of Saint Nicholas S. Diego canonized to be canonized a Saint being dead in Spaine some hundred and fiue and twenty yeares before with an opinion of holinesse throughout all Spaine did this yeare take effect for that since the yeare 1563. instance beeing made by him and the Spaniards to Pope Pius the fourth to Pius the fifth and then to Gregory the 13. all which dyed before this busines could be ended But continuing in this zealous disposition he commanded the Earle of Oliuares his Ambassadour resident at Rome to mooue it againe to Pope Sixtus the fifth so as on the third of Iuly this yeare hee was canonized a Saint at the charges of the King of Spaine and his feast day appoynted the twelfth day of Nouember to the great
the possibility the honour and safety or any other important consideration whatsoeuer But discoursing now of the easinesse of this conquest in regard of that of the Netherlands I will proue said he that the difficulties be the same to inuade England and the Netherlands First of all I presuppose that a sufficient army beeing leauied a royal enterprise is sooner brought to perfection when as they are attempted both by sea and land the which King Philip may do with greater aduantage in the enterprise of England then in that of the Nertherlands for as the voiage by sea is shorter and more easie so he may more commodiously inuade England by land hauing meanes to land part of his army safely in Scotland as we will hereafter shew whereas if he should send an army by land into the Low countries the way would be long to passe from Spaine through Italy and Germany and it would be exceeding chargeable and dangerous The second reason is that it is more commodious neerer and more safe to passe into England for that from the straight of Gibraltar thether is all open sea without any let but to go into the Low countries hee must of necessity passe by England the which by all reason of state should let the King of Spaine vnderstand in his passage that neither friends nor foes are welcome when they come with a great power wherefore there is no doubt that whosoeuer wil muade the Netherlands hee must breake this barre or make plaine this mountaine of England which crosseth him in his passage My third reason said he is grounded vpon a firme maximy of the Art of warre that thou must neuer seeke to inuade any place and leaue any thing behind to disturbe thee wherefore it were a rash enterprise to attempt the Low countries and leaue England behind who beeing full of iealousie may sodainely set vpon the Catholike Kings army in the hottest of their warre against the Netherlanders The forth that going to conquer the Low countries they must fight with braue old souldiers bred vp in the warre See here his error and ignorance but on the other side the English are without Art or practise of warre they cannot vse the harguebuse nor any other offenciue armes but onely bowes and arrowes the which are of no force against corselets and head-peeces as wee vse so as said he there is the like comparison to bee made betwixt the English and the Dutch souldiers as is betwixt idlenesse and exercise or an armed and disarmed man And what an aduantage it is to fight with vnskilful souldiers it it apparent by the example of Miltiades in the fields of Marathon who with lesse then 10000. braue men put to flight that mighty but vnwarlike army of Xerxes being aboue 600000. men The fifth that there is more difficulty in that of the Netherlands for that they will keepe themselues more close so as they must bee wonne by inches and a whole army must be imployed in the seege of a towne and so of the rest the which happely wil be of no great importance but that they wil stay in course of his victory that seekes the winne them But contrarywise England hath not any towne to stay the violence a victorious enemy hauing once set footing into the Island the which wil be no difficult thing for the King of Spaine to effect So as England being without any forts but vpon the frontiers and the Low countries ful of forts both within and without there is no doubt but the enterprise of that is more easie then this as it is more easie to vanquish them that make no resistance Whereof the Low countries are a familiar example where notwithstanding that the King had great garrisons yet they many times found so great crosses as they were often vanquished by the opposition of those forts whereas there being no place in Portugal able to resist the enemies forces the Spaniards entred into the heart of the realme they being not able to make resistance The sixth reason is that forts and townes of strength are to an inuading army but incombers after they be wonne for that the greatest part of the army is drawne away into garrisons whereby it is much weakened The seuenth reason said hee seemeth sufficient in this case to proue the truth of my opinion If the King of Spaine sends an army to purge the rebellious humors of the Netherlanders it is to bee feared that this Phisicke will rather stirre vp the good humors then euacuat the bad breeding a disease full of corrupt matter whereas now the good matter hauing the predominant power wee may hope that in time it will vanquish the violence of the disease whereas by this course the humors of Malcontents may bee corrupted and they drawne to desire innouations we know that by the composition made betwixt the King and his subiects the Malcontents they haue taken vpon them the burthen of this warre so as the Spaniards and other strange souldiers might bee drawne out of the Low countries If then an army should bee sent out of Spaine to subdue the Netherlanders or they should but heare it were so resolued they would easily vnderstand that the victors would prescribe a Law to the vanquished and the Malcontents would not only loose that great desire they had to beare that great burthen of the warre and the reward which they expected from his Maiesty but they would feare to loose their preuiledges and liberties in regard whereof they haue made cruell warre against themselues By this then and many other reasons it apeeres how dangerous it is to exasperates the mindes of friend with so sharpe a medicine If the Malcontents should ioyne themselues with the aduerse partie and oppose against the Spaniards that warre would proue more difficult then euer for the Catholike King not only for that the Kings forces should be diminished but also for that the enemy should be fortified So as we haue hetherto proued that it is more easie and more commodious to inuade England then the Netherlands Now we will shew said hee not by way of comparison but in respect of it selfe how much it doth import the Catholike King and how easie it is for him to inuade England It is not to bee doubted but the Phisicke is best which not onely cures the member that is greeued but also takes away the cause of the disease If then the Catholike King seeke to conquer the Low countries hee may well close vp the wound of their rebellion but he shall neuer euacuat the corrupt humors which haue fed the disease seeing that England hath alwaies norrished the rebellions of the Low countries And admit it were cured of this present indisposition what health can it bee called when as the body is still subiect to these peccant humors wherefore England is first to be attempted that afterwards wee may with safety digest or euacuat all concurrent humors But to intreat more plainely of the facility of
Spanish fleete almost at her doore called home her Commissioners and prepared for her defence But now to come to this admirable fleete the King of Spaine had deuised how hee might conquer England King Philip resolues to inuade England and the Netherlands hoping by that meanes to recouer his Inheritance in the Low Countries for beeing Lord in England hee might cut off their trafficke by sea the which many well acquainted with the scituation of both countries held easie to bee done Wherefore the King of Spaine hauing spent one and twenty yeares and wasted an infinite treasure in those Lowe Country warres resolued to make an other attempt vpon the Netherlands by sea but with greater forces for that England was now his enemy and might hinder all trade into those parts So as hee resolued first to inuade England wherevnto he was perswaded by diuerse subtill spirits both Spanish and Dutche and by some English rebels holding it more easie to bee conquered then Holland and Zeland and that it would bee more profitable to inuade both England and the Lowe Countries by sea at one instant then to maintaine a continuall armie to cut off their traffick from both the Indies For the effecting of this resolution hee had for some yeares together made preparation of a great Nauie at Lisbone the like whereof had not beene seene in many ages in the Ocean sea It was ready in the beginning of this yeare 1588. the fame of this action was such as there was not an honorable house in Spaine but had a sonne a brother or some of the bloud in it thinking all to winne euerlasting honor with this inuincible Armie as they called it and to make themselues rich with the spoiles of England and the Netherlands The King had resolued to make Don Aluaro de Bassan Marquis of Saint Cruz a Nobleman of great note who had done the King great seruice in the conquest of Portugall and the Tercera's Generall of this armie Hee sent vnto him and acquainted him with his desseigne hee put him in minde of his promise that hee would spend his life in his seruice and hee commanded him to prepare himselfe to conduct this fleete The Marquis in his answer humbly thanked his Maiestie yet hee seemed by circumstances to disswade the King from this enterprise telling him that the English were gallant men at sea of whome they had made good tryall that they had good shipping and that he should finde strong opposition The King was much discontented with the Marquis for this answer hauing euer relyed vpon him and sent him word that seeing hee failed his expectation and had no courage to vndertake this Action he would finde an other to command his Army wherevpon he made the Duke of Medina Sidonia his Generall The Marquis finding himselfe in disgrace with the King conceiued such greefe as he died before the fleet went to sea But let vs returne vnto the Armie whereof I will make a perticular relation Discription perticular preparation of the Spanish Fleete as the Spaniards themselues haue set it downe Portugall did furnish ten great Gallions with two smaler ships vnder the command of the Duke of Medina Sidonia the Generall in the which were 1300. saylers 3300. soldiers and 350. peeces of Ordinance Biscay set forth ten Galleons and foure Pinasses An. 1588. with saylers soldiers and ordinance proportionably vnder D. Iohn Martines de Ricaldo the Admirall Gnipuscoa did arme ten Galeons and fourteene Pinasses vnder Michel Oquendo Andalouzia set forth ten Galions one Pinasse vnder comand of D. Pedrode Baldes Italie had furnished ten Gallions the which were commanded by Martin de Bretendona Castille prouided fourteene Gallions and two Pinasses ouer which squadron Diego Floris de Baldes had charge There were also three and twenty Hulks conducted by D. Iohn Lopes de Medina From Naples there were foure Galeasses sent comanded by D. Hugo de Moncado they had in them 1200. slaues to row 480. saylers 870. soldiers and 200. peeces of Ordinance Portugall sent foure gallies vnder the conduct of Diego de Medrana with all thinges proportionably There were 22. Pinasses and other smal ships vnder the gouernment of Antonio Buccado de Mendoça Besides all these there were 20. Carauells which carried owers and other necessaries for the ships so as there were 150. sayle of all sorts in the which they had aboue 8000. sailers and 20. thousand souldiers besides Commanders Officers and voluntaries with 2650. peeces of ordinance The galleons being 66. in number were very great and strong built high like castles easie to fight withall but not easie to board In this great fleet there were 1600. great brasse peeces and aboue a thousand iron to the which there were two hundred and twenty-thousand bullets 4600. kintals of poulder one thousand kintals of lead 1200. kintals of match 7000. muskets and caliuers 10000. pikes partisans and halberds with canons field peeces and all prouision for carriages or whatsoeuer might be needful for an army either at land or sea And for the seruice of the ordinance there were leauied 4200. men whereof 400. of them were Pioners There was bread and wine for six months euery one hauing halfe a hundred of bread euery month The countries subiect to the King of Spaine did furnish a great part of the prouisions of this fleet as some of them write viz. Andaluzia did contribute 12000. kintals of biscuit Malaga and that country 27000. and 500. Carthagena and Murcia 5000. kintals Sicile 50000. kintals Burgos and Campos 56000. Naples and the Islands 15000. kintals Seuille and Extremadura did contribute 4000. kintals of salt meats Gallicia 6000. Asturia and other parts a thousand kintals Seuille and Extremadura did contribut 5000. kintals of hogs flesh and bacon Ronda 2000. Gallicia 2000. and Biscay 2000. kintals Algarbe did contribute 8000. barils of fish Almendraua del Duca 11000. barils and Cadiz 4000. Maiorca did contribute 2000. kintals of cheese Seuille and Extremadura a 1000. Portugal 25000. Genoua and Valencia 14000. kintals of Rise Andalouzia and Naples did contribut 23000. pezes of oyle and vineger euery peze beeing 25. pounds and euery pound 16. ounces Malaga Marouella Xeres and their iurisdictions did furnish 13000. buts of wine Naples 6000. and Seuille with that iurisdiction 7000. buts Cathagena did furnish 15000. Aneghes Naples and Sicile 11000. Aneghes of beans and peaze Andaluzia Naples and Biscay did furnish other prouisions of corne iron wollen and linnen cloth with other necessaries They had in the fleet 12000. pipes of fresh water with whatsoeuer else might be thought needfull This army as D. Diego Pimentel did confesse cost the King 30000. ducats a day reporting the army to be 32000. strong There were fiue regiments of the old souldiers of Naples Collonels of the regiments Sicile and the Terceres The fiue Colonels were D. Diego Pimentel brother to the Marquis of Taueras cousin to the Earles of Beneuent and Calui a Knight of the Order of Saint
beames did teare so as they looked hourely when the Oretoppe would fall and the ordnance sinke downe into the Keele Whereupon hee was forced to put backe to Plymouth where hee found a great part of the fleet There they repaired their shippes and the earle tooke another his owne being made vnseruiceable But they were kept in by continuall stormes and contrarie windes vntill their three monethes victuals was in a manner spent and the sicknesse growne great in the flie boats which carried the land armie Whereupon the Generall had order to discharge his land forces all but a thousand old souldiers which had beene drawne out of the Low Countries so as they were made vnable to land any forces at Farol After which there was a project made by the earle to send in certaine ships of fire and to bume the king of Spaines fleet as it should lye in the harbour without any daunger to the queenes ships Which counsell being allowed of at Court they put the second time to sea But some of good judgement in the fleet held this exploit vnfeasable they hauing not sufficient forces to performe it neither could they attempt it without apparent daunger as indeed it succeeded not for that the Saint Mathew one of the chiefe ships which should haue beene imployed in that action had lost her fore-mast and was put backe into England as they pretended So as hauing no meanes to doe any seruice vpon the fleet at Farol they concluded for the intercepting of the Indian fleet and defeating of the Adelantado if he did put to sea for there was no meanes to take in the island of Tercera their land forces being discharged Whereupon they shaped their course for the islands where they layed wait for the Indian fleet but they escaped them and got into Tercera road What the reasons of the missing of this Indian fleet were and what was else done at the islands by this armie I leaue to an ample relation of him who was an eye witnesse and did well obserue it And so hauing failed in all their designes this fleet returned home into England The Spaniards did in like manner arme Spaniards preparation at sea There was the regiment of Alexander de Monti consisting of 15 companies imbarked at Naples the which had like to haue beene cast away in a storme vpon the coast of Romania In the end they came to Genoua and there joyned with the troupes of Gambalaita all which were transported into Spaine in Dorias gallies passing from Barcelona to Cadiz where a part of the fleet lay there they imbarked their land forces in certaine galleons being six thousand Italians going towards the Groine with an intent being joyned with the Adelantado and the rest of the fleet to make some attempt vpon England But on the eight of September they had so cruell a storme as they were scattered from their Admirall and in exceeding great daunger whereof some were cast away A galleon wherein Alexander de Monti was and some of his companies hauing lost her maine mast was driuen to the Canaries and after that to the coast of Africke hauing lost his pilot with most of his mariners there he ran her on ground and recouered Mazagon where he furnished himselfe of all that hee wanted and then he past towards the strait meeting with an English ship which fought long with him but in the end he tooke her Then joyning with D. Pedro de Toledo with some other vessels they scoured the coast of Barbarie securing the coasts of Spaine and in the end they came to winter in Saint Marie port The rest of this Spanish fleet after this cruell storme for the most part recouered Farol Thus both fleets this yeare without any fruits put themselues to the hazard of the sea and receiued great losses The warres hauing continued long betwixt France and Spaine Mediation for a peace betwixt France and Spaine many princes desired to see the miseries of Christendome at an end Pope Clement the eight as much affecting this generall peace as any of his predecessors considering the great miseries which the diuisions of the French and Spaniards did cause and that the Turke made his profit thereof and had incroached farre into Christendome hee resolued to reconcile these two kings of Spaine and France Father Bonauâ—enture Calatagirone a Siâ—ilian borne Generall of the Franciscanes and who afterwards was made Patriarke of Constantinople was sent by him into Spaine vnder colour to visit the Conuents of his Order but in effect it was to sound king Philip whether he had any inclination to a peace with France where hee found all things well disposed and the Spaniards desirous to change the doubtfull euents of a troublesome warre with the assured and more profitable effects of peace his old age his son young whom he desired to marie and to leaue him his Estates quiet his eldest daughter to whom he would giue the Low Counties marying her to cardinall Albert of Austria who like new Lords should haue need of the loue and good neighbourhood of a French king 1698 the French being vnited and their ciuile warres ended they were likely to transport the warre into his countries hauing taken Amiens by force euen in view of his armie All these considerations made the king of Spaine incline to a peace not onely with the French but with the Queene of England and the vnited Prouinces of the Netherlands Calatagirone being returned to Rome assured the Pope that hee had found a disposition and desire of peace in king Philip and that he was wearie of the warres So the Pope continuing in this good desire sent this Franciscan into France to persuade the king to peace and friendship with the king of Spaine Alexander cardinall of Florence his Holinesse Legat in France vnderstanding the Popes pleasure together with Calatagirone persuaded the king to yeeld vnto a peace And on the other side by the exhortations of the Patriarke Caietan his Holinesse Nuntio at Madrid the king of Spaine referred the whole treatie of the said peace to his nephew cardinall Albert. Whilest that Calatagirone went to Brussels to solicite the cardinall to send the deputies to Veruins the French king aduertised all his allies to the end they might be comprehended in this accord with the Spaniard if they thought good The queene of England who had more annoyed the Spaniard than all the princes of Christendome refused to be comprehended in the accord and so did the Estates of the vnited Prouinces who sent their embassadours to the French king to dissuade him from a peace with the Spaniard The king of Spaine did greatly desire a peace with them and sought it by the meanes of his kinsmen and allies who at his request sent their embassadours to that end into England Queene of England Estates of the Low Countries refuse a peace with the Spaniard and the vnited Prouinces but without effect The king of Spaine hearing of all their aunswers and
the ceremoniall law which yeare all debts and iniuries were abolished and the trumpets and comets did sound lowder than of custome Vrban 6 had another consideration Our Sauiour had liued thirty and three yeres in the world and therefore he wold that men reuerencing the yeare which fell out at the end of that space should sanctifie it with the celebratioÌ„ of the Iubile Paul 2 finding the time yet too long diuided the huÌ„dred into foure parts that as the Buls are proclaimed at the foure corners of Rome and bind theÌ„ that pretend to obtaine the pardons which are granted in this reuolution of yeres to visit the foure principall Churches so the foure parts of the world should bee inuited to frequent this Iubile so called of the Hebrew word Iobel which signifies a Rammes home for that it was published that yeare by the sound of the Cornet with reioycing It doth commonly begin on New yeares eue with a solemne procession in the which the Pope the Cardinals the Embassadors of Christian Princes the Prelates Clergie and Officers of the citie of Rome march according to their ranks with a world of people vnto the doore called Holy which finding walled vp and neuer open but the yeare of Iubile they put a candle into one of the Popes hands and a little siluer hammer into the other with the which hauing strooke thrice vpon the wall it is presently beaten downe by men appointed to that purpose whereupon the people carrie away the peeces with great prease and deuotion Clement had presidents for the deferring of this day Iulio 3 began his Iubile in the yere 1550 on S. Mathias day for that the Sea had been void vntill then The importune paine of the gout shold haue made Clement delay this ceremony but the concourse of people was greater at Rome than had bin in the memory of man the Pilgrimes were exceeding poore and a longer stay wold haue bin very hurtfull vnto them Which inuited the Pope not to frustrate their expectation wherefore hee was carried in a chaire according to the custome and gaue his first blessing to this worke the first day of the yeare The French king hauing long expected restitution of the Marquisate of Salusses which the duke of Sauoy detained from him Spaniard apprehends the French kings taking of Sauoy or some recompence was forced to seek it by arms whereupon he came in person with an army into Sauoy and tooke the chiefe places of strength The earle of Fuentes Gouernor of Milan fortified the duke with foure thousand Spaniards The Ministers of Spaine murmured much at the French kings approaching so neare Italie saying that the Marquisate of Salusses was the pretext but Milan or Naples was the true cause of this warre 1601 Italie was in alarme who thought that the idlenesse of the French at home would make them trouble their neighbours The Pope feares that these first sparkles will set all their neighbours on fire The duke of Sâ—ssa king Philips embassador at Rome prâ—sses him hee cries out of the miseries calamities which the continuance of this warre would cause hee doth intreat beseech and coniure the Pope to send Cardinall Aldobrandin his nephew to the most Christian king to quench the fire of this great diuision and to exhort them to come vnto the effects of the treatie of Paris which the Pope did willingly yeeld vnto After an accord made betwixt the French king and the duke of Sauoy Spanish forces keep Christendome in alarme all things seemed quiet but suddenly both Italie and France were in alarme hauing intelligence that both the duke of Sauoy and the Earle of Fuentes kept their forces together and increased them daily and that they had some great designe which could not be yet descouered they threatned many to strike but one but no man knew where the chance would fall that all the Princes of Christendome had cause to doubt him and that the king of Spaine would make himselfe fearefull by armes in the beginning of his raign but they knew not whether his designe was against Asia Afrike or Europe Men spake diuersly of this preparation In France some said that the king of Spaine would reuiue the pretensions of his Grand-father Charles the fift against the Venetians others said and with some reason as the issue will verifie that hee threatned to enter the estates of the great duke of Tuscany with this mightie army if he deliuered not into his hands that man which for some yeares had qualified himself D. Sebastian the true and lawfull king of Portugall who being banished from Venice vpon this occasion had beene staied at Florence as hee past thinking to imbarke at Liuorne to get to Marseilles and so come vnto the king during the warre of Sauoy The Venetians gaue order for their Gulphe and did thinke to demaund Frances de Bonnes Lord of Des Digueres from the French king to be their leader if they were inuaded to the end that as France had lately furnished the Emperour with a Lieutenant General and Malta with a great Master against the Infidels it might also supply them with a great Captaine against the Spaniards if hee did attempt to trouble the quiet of their estate At Rome it was bruted that Geneua was in danger and that the Marquesse of Aix was sent thither to intreate the Pope to blesse the enterprise and to fortifie it with his meanes In England they thought that some great men had some practises in Castille and the yeares following will shew that their jealousie was not vaine The Flemings said that it was to make king Philip to be declared king of Romans but it were not conuenient to breed new factions among the Princes of Germany when as the Turke was so powerfull in Hungarie All these erred in their iudgements time had discouered that this great armie which so troubled mens affections was entertained for an enterprise which they had vpon Marseilles but one of them which should haue deliuered the Towne to the Earle of Fuentes discouered it to the duke of Guise and so they were disappointed During the stay of this army in Italie Gentleman of Venice executed a Venetian Gentleman of the house of Donati appointed to be gouernour of Creme was conuicted to haue intelligence with the Spaniard and publikely executed hee testified that this army had many and diuers designes at one instant of the which if any one had succeeded it may be they had not lost their time and paines at sea as they did at land But seeing all their designes proue vain both in Italie and Prouence the army imbarked at Vada in the State of Genoua in two troupes the one vnder the commaund of D. Iohn Andrew Doria and the other vnder Charles Doria his Son and so they bent their course towards the Turkes being in all seuenty gallies to the which the Pope the king of Spaine the great duke of Tuscanie the duke of Sauoy and the great
meane than to a lackey for pillaging of that dead bodie which his master had slaine Thus much I haue set downe out of his owne mouth touching the seruice that was done vpon those six gallies of Spaine This yeare there was a new fleet made readie in Spaine 1603 the which bred a jealousie in the French Armie of Spain at sea and made them to stand vpon their gard in Languedoc and Prouence This fleet was readie to set saile the which vnder colour of renewing the enterprise of Alger in Afrike might frame some designe vpon that coast Prince Doria and D. Iohn de Cordoua had beene both vnfortunat in their charges The honour of Christendome made all men wish that this execution might proue more succesfull than the rest But as bad designes do manie times prosper better than good the successe depending commonly on the blindnesse of fortune this enterprise of Alger was no more succesfull than the two former It was managed by a Franciscan Frier called Father Mathew who promised as great glorie vnto himselfe in chasing away those petiâ— kings of Afrike as Aratus had of freeing Sicyonia of tyrans He had negotiated with the king of Cycco who promised that for a certaine summe of money whereof he should receiue fortie thousand crowns in hand not onely to fauour any designe but to declare himselfe openly against the king of Alger and to reduce the towne to what condition they would but there is a great difference betwixt saying and doing And it is a great simplicitie to giue credit to an Infidell seeing that treacherie is inseparable from his soule The Viceroy of Majorca who was Generall in this action and with whom the king of Cycco had promised to joyne approached with foure gallies vpon this assurance and landed about an hundred men Moors treacherous to deliuer fortie thousand crownes vnto the Moores who receiued the money and deliuered the men into the hands of the Viceroy of Alger where the Frier was slain and the Viceroy retiring freed their neighbours from jealousie They of Barcelona who are subiect to the king of Spaine did no lesse apprehend this armie than the Moores they feared that the Catholike king would take their priuiledges from them as hee had done from them of Arragon Passage of the prince of Piedmont into Spain yet the passage of the three princes of Sauoy into Spaine renewed their jealousie in France The duke came with them to Nice where they attended the commoditie of their imbarking the princesse Marguerite his eldest daughter commaunding in Piedmont and from thence they past to Barcelona where they attended the kings pleasure and were entertained with all the honours that might be done vnto princes of that alliance The king of Spaine rejoyced at the dukes resolution and seemed to haue a great desire to see them He sent D. Henriques de Guzman to congratulate their arriuall and to commaund them to take small journeyes by reason of the heat of the season Being come to Court he made prince Victor the dukes second sonne Viceroy of Portugall the which did much content the Portugals to see the fruits of D. Beatrix his great grandmother who was daughter to D. Emanuel king of Portugall and maried to Charles duke of Sauoy The third sonne was afterwards made Archbishop of Toledo and then cardinall The queene of England being dead this yeare King of Spaine sends an embassador into England and the king of Scotland come to the succession of that Crowne the king of Spaine sent D. Iohn Baptista Taxis earle of Villa Mediana his embassadour into England to witnesse vnto the king the great contentment hee receiued by his happie comming to the Crowne who after his first audience of congratulations and ordinarie complements made a speech vnto the king to this effect The king of Spaine my master assuring himselfe to find the same effects and affections of friendship in you being king of England which you haue alwayes made shew of vnto him being king of Scotland Speech of the embassador of Spain to the king of England hath sent me vnto your Maiestie to confirme the sinceritie to desire the continuance and to preserue it by all the proofes of friendship and assistance which he offers you which is the same that many great princes haue desired and could not obtaine and for that it is offered is no lesse necessarie and to be wished for of your Maiestie If the king D. Philip the second of glorious memorie hath attempted any thing against England and queene Elizabeth against the Estates of Spaine it was more vpon some priuat spleene than for any reason of State But one tombe should interre both their bodies and their passions The successours doe inherit the greatnesse and power of their predecessors but they are not tied to their designes which haue no end but the ruine one of another The Catholike king hath such rich and goodlie Crownes in Europe Asia and Africke and at the East and West Indies as they are sufficient to settle the desire of his ambition within the bounds of his owne greatnesse If hee hath dealt in the affaires of any other princes it was to support them and keepe them from ruine time hauing discouered how many things were readie to fall if they had not beene vnderpropt by the hand of D. Philip. The enemies of the house of Spaine haue published That the ambition of this prince was to make himselfe Monarch of all Christendome and that hee had left these designes hereditarie to his posteritie But the wiser sort may easily judge that if hee had beene so affected he would haue carried himselfe otherwise and begun the execution of the enterprise by Italie in the which hee is the stronger the conquest whereof would be easie hauing such aduantages But as hee is contented to preserue his owne and desires no lesse to raigne justly than long and happily so is hee grieued to see his friends crosse him in a thing that is so just and reasonable Complaints are free for all men but they are more affectionate among neighbours My master who holds you in this qualitie of a friend and will dow what possibly hee may that you bee neuer other complaines to you of your selfe Hee cannot dissemble how much hee thinkes himselfe wronged for that your Majestie doth affect the defence and protection of the rebels of the Low Countries against their lawfull Lord and that you haue lately graunted them a great leuie of Scottish men Hee assures himselfe of all friendship and justice from you and hee intreats you that in calling home these Scottish men you will punish them as they haue deserued Hee desires to treat sincerely with you and beleeues that your Maiestie considering how much the friendship of so mightie a prince should bee deere vnto you and will be profitable will seeke and imbrace it and will neuer be so carelesse of his good as to wish him ill The king
should compell them to enter into churches vnlesse they would but if they did enter they should performe those dueties and reuerence which are vsed towards the holy Sacrament of the Altar being there and if they should see the Sacrament comming towards them in any street they shall doe reuerence by bowing their knees or else they shall passe aside by some other street or turne into some house 3 If any of the said persons being masters or masters mates or any other officers of ships which be not their owne doe exceed in any of these things the Inquisition proceeding against them by office is onely to sequester their own proper goods and are to leaue the ships and all other goods not belonging to the offenders free and the same was to be vnderstood for all traders and factors During this treatie betwixt England and Spaine Discomodities for the cessation of traffique the defence of traffique betwixt France and the dominions of the king of Spaine and the Archdukes was verie troublesome The French suffered great discommodities and the Spaniards found this restraint heauie and insupportable for that all things grew exceeding deere and the tradesmen murmured and grew almost desperat The Pope commaunded his Nuntio to deale in this businesse and to reconcile these princes but the French king would not yeeld to any thing vntill that the Spaniards who had first troubled the water had cleered it againe in reuoking the imposition of thirtie in the hundred which made the libertie of traffique a meere seruitude and the profit an assured losse This was verie seuere and rigorous It is in euerie kind bitter vnto the marchant couetousnesse hauing changed the first cause as well as the quantitie of customes and imposts At the first they were paied onely to haue free libertie and assurance of passage from one place vnto another and for that princes haue vnder their protection the highwayes for the which they are called Royall they did acknowledge this right of protection with some duetie Such impositions for so necessarie causes are just others are not and yet they must be borne being not lawfull for the subiect to murmure against the customes and imposts wherewith the prince doth charge him They said That the Spaniards which are long in their consultations and constant in their resolutions would neuer reuoke this imposition for that they would not loose the reputation of constancie in their lawes Coâ—merce set at liberty in France and bee noted of inconstancie and lightnesse by applying themselues to the time and affaires But there was no remedie the deputies of the two kings and Archdukes meeting tooke off the imposition and set the commerce free The peace being fully concluded betwixt England and Spaine and sworne by the king of England in the presence of the king of Spaines Commissioners Constable of Castille returns into Spaine the Constable of Castille hauing receiued great honour in England both in his entertainment and presents giuen him from the king returned into Flanders much satisfied in himselfe to carrie home with him such joyfull tidings From thence hee past into France where the French king vsed him so royally as hee afterwards said That hee had entertained him as a king and intreated him as a kinsman In the yeare a thousand six hundred and foure the king of Great Britaine sent the earle of Nottingham 1605 high Admirall of England Earle of Notingham sent into Spaine into Spaine to take the Catholike kings oath for the confirmation of the peace as hee did the earle of Hartford vnto the Archdukes to the same end The sayd earle of Nottingham being attended on by a gallant traine of noblemen knights and gentlemen arriued at the Groine where hee was no sooner discouered from the land but D. Lewis de Carilla de Toledo marquesse of Carascena Gouernour both of the towne and of the countrey of Gallicia gaue order for his entertainment the which was verie royally performed At his comming into the harbour a fort vpon the North side of the towne did first salute him with twentie peeces of ordnance then a fort lately built vpon a rocke with six and thirtie peeces and lastly from the towne and castle with aboue thirtie peeces of ordnance And the earles ship with the whole fleet beeing at an anchor requiâ—ed them with all their ordnance Presently after the Gouernour sent foure chiefe officers of the towne with D. Iohn de Pacheco his brother and D. Lewis de Carilla de Toledo his onely sonne to welcome the earle After some time spent in complements the Gouernour himselfe came aboord the earles ship in a barge the maâ—iners and rowers being in blew silke cassockes and cappes and the barge couered with blew veluet After hee had saluted the earle he told him That the king his master had giuen vnto him an especiall charge to haue a respect who he was that came embassadour from whom hee came and to whom hee was sent and that he should doe euerie thing for the honour of these three persons not sparing any thing that might be fit for his Lordships entertainment Wherefore hee did intreat the earle to goe to land the which he did forbeare vntill the next day so as that night hee sent vnto his Lordship a present of fish fruits bread and such commodities as the countrey yeelded On Tuesday He lands at the Groine the sixteenth of Aprill the earle of Nottingham prepared to goe to shore to his lodging which was appointed in the gouernours house The gouernour hauing taken care to receiue his Lordship in most honourable manner had vpon notice of his comming to the Groine caused a bridge of timber being aboue fortie yards long to be built and painted the which was garnished with many penciles of silke of diuers colours The way into the towne was set on either side with boughes of bayes and Orange trees and strewed with rushes and flowers The whole garrison of the towne and other companies that were drawne out of the countrey were there readie to make a gard for him His Lordship being readie to land the gouernour sent diuers of the Commaunders to let him vnderstand that he and the magistrats of the towne would attend him on the bridge Whereupon the earle tooke his barge and being followed by his whole traine went vnto the bridge where the Spaniards entertained the English as they landed the haultboyes and shagbots playing all the while Being all landed they entred into the towne an English man and a Spaniard marching together in verie good order At their entrance into the towne they were saluted with a great volley of shot both great and small and so they went on foot to the gouernours house where when the earle entred there were many chambers shot off During the earle of Nottinghams stay at the Groine hee solemnized Saint Georges feast the which was performed with the greater state for that the people came thither in troupes to see that
ceremonie and it was thought the gouernor being inuited would haue dined with his Lordship but hee fearing to heare something that might touch the king his master in honour excused himselfe and so retired hauing seene his Lordship set downe But hearing after dinner by his owne brother that there was not any thing that might giue cause of offence or exception hee was sorie and did accompanie his Lordship at supper whither many ladies and gentlewomen came to see the order of that State On the foure and twentieth of Aprill D. Blasco d' Arragon nephew to the duke of Terranoua who had beene in England the yeare before with the Constable of Castille came from Court being sent from the king his master to salute his Lordship and to acquaint him with such preparations as were made for him and his traine for that journey There was also D. Gaspar de Bullion the kings chiefe Harbinger who came with commission from the king to prouide all things necessarie for his Lordships journey After some conference notwithstanding they had promised there should be no want of any thing they found that the whole countrey would not furnish mules ynow there being six hundred and fiftie persons besides the carriages which were verie many Wherupon his Lordship resolued to leaue some of his owne companie aboord his ships vntill his returne There were foure coaches and foure litters attended them at Villafranca besides their riding mules whereof there was a coach and a litter for his Lordships owne vse another coach and a litter for sir Charles Cornwallis who was then sent to be embassador leager in Spaine and the rest for the knights and gentlemen which should be sicke During his Lordships stay at the Groine hee was entertained with sundrie sports the which were performed in a square made of purpose on the market place as assaulting of a castle by armed knights and freeing a ladie from foure monsters which defended it fighting at barriers and in the end verie rare fire-works the which were generally commended for their strangenesse Earle of Nottingham goes from the Grâ—ine After which his Lordship hauing all his traine furnished with mules began his journey towards the Court the 3 of May the gouernor and magistrats bringing him out of the town with musick shot He was accompanied by D. Blasco d' Arragon D. Gaspar de Bullion chief harbinger to the K. who had the charge of the conduct His Lordship past from the Groyne to Bytance to Villa Alua Lugo Terra Castella Cebrera Villa Franca Bubibre Astorga where his Lordship saw a fayre castle belonging to the marquesse of Astorga Banesa Benauent Villa Garcia and from thence hee had order to goe to Simancas which was as farre as Vailledolit To which towne his Lordship came in twelue dayes hauing beene honourably receiued in all places where he past His Lordship comming to Simancas on Tuesday the 14 of May he had order from the king not to come to Court till Thursday On the Wednesday after dinner there came D. Pedro de Suniga or Estuniga newly appointed embassadour for England and D. Iohn de Taxis sonne to the earle of Villa Mediana then embassador in England who hauing saluted his Lordship departed againe On Thursday He goes to Court his Lordship being appointed to goe to Court there came to attend him the marquesse of Camerasa D. Pedro de Suniga D. Iohn de Taxis D. Blasco d' Arragon with diuers other knights and gentlemen of the kings house and chamber bringing diuers coaches with them Simancas was not aboue six English miles from Court. Vpon the way the earle of Nottingham was persuaded to goe into a banqueting house which stood vpon the highway and to see the delicacie of their orchards and gardens and to tast of the fruits but it was rather to stay for the noblemen which were appointed by the king to meet him During his stay in this garden there was a horse presented vnto him from the king which he did vsually ride on After an houres stay there came diuers Grandoes Noblemen 〈◊〉 the Earle of Nottingham and other noblemen the chiefe whereof were the duke of Frias Constable of Castille lately embassadour in England the duke of Infantasgo the duke of Albuquerque the duke of Cea the duke of Sessa the duke of Pastrana the marquesse of S. German the earle of Chinchon the earle of Punno en Rostro the marquesse of Baneza the earle of Aguilar the earle of Berosa the earle of Nieua the earle of Corunna the earle of Paredes the marquesse of Carpio the marquesse of Tauera the marquesse of Villanoua the earle of Salinas the marquesse of Seralua the marquesse de Fuentes the marquesse of Alcanices the earle of Galues the Admirall of Arragon with many other lords and knights The earle with all these nobles and his whole traine being vpon the way the weather being exceeding hot there fell a verie great showre which continued vntill they came into the towne where his lodging was appointed in the house of the earle of Salinas not farre from Court There was a multitude of people and eight hundred coaches as it was thought full of ladies and gentlewomen gotten out of the towne to see the earle and his companie I omit the manner of their marshalling with the Spanish knights and lords They entred by a gate called Puerta del Campo and passed through the chiefe parts of the towne by the Court gate the king queene and ladies standing as they said at certaine windowes to take view of the companie That night there came diuers noblemen and the queene sent her Major Domo to visit his Lordship which caused some admiration in the Spaniards who saied they neuer knew the like fauour done to any embassador The day after his Lordship comming to Vailledolit D. Francisco Gomes de Sandoual duke of Lerma the kings great fauourite being accompanied by many dukes and earles came to visit him and so consequently all embassadours and most of the Grandoes and noblemen of the Court came to visit him and congratulate his comming He had his first audience on Saturday the eighteenth of May. In the morning the king sent the earle of Galues and diuers of his priuie chamber to visit his Lordship In the afternoone the Constable came accompanied with aboue twentie noblemen The Earle goes to Court wherof three or foure were of the Grandoes bringing many coaches with them to conduct his Lordship and his companie to Court The kings gard made a way for them them to the presence chamber doore they being three hundred in number Suisses Spaniards and Wallons attired in red and yellow veluet but of seuerall fashions At the palace gate stood the duke of Infantasgo and the marquesse of Vellada with diuers noblemen knights and gentlemen to receiue his Lordship to conduct the companie into the presence where the king sat vnder a rich cloth of Estate His Audience and by him eight
Grandoes of Spaine couered His Lordship hauing deliuered his message by his interpretor his letters into the kings own hands coÌ„ming from his chaire he gaue his Lordship a very kind honorable entertainment causing him to sit neere vnto him which fauour was much obserued as a thing sayd the Spaniards neuer vsed to any embassadour before that time After some conference the noblemen and gentlemen hauing kist the kings hand his Lordship was conducted by the Constable and others to the queenes presence where shee sate vnder a rich cloth of Estate and the Infanta by her hee was receiued by the Major Domo to the queene and conducted to her presence where hauing ended his complements being somewhat late he tooke his leaue and returned with those dukes and lords vnto his lodging On the nineteenth of May King of Spaine goes in procession being Sunday the king went in procession going first to S. Paules church neere the Court and then through the town to S. Maries after this maner First went the Monkes and religious Orders singing and bearing crosses banners and other church reliques the Sacrament being also carried by foure officers of the Church Then followed diuers noblemen in their rankes according to their degrees And next before the kings owne person went the younger of the princes of Sauoy After king followed the cardinall being Archbishop of Toledo and with him the prince of Sauoy his elder brother Then followed the prince of Maroc with the Emperours embassador the embassador of France and he of Venice after whom followed diuers gentlemen of the kings chamber and the rest of the traine After dinner the same day there was preparation made for the Christening of the prince Christening of the prince of Spaine There was a large scaffold made for their passage at the end of a long gallerie and joyned to the church the timber of which scaffold was couered with rich cloth of gold They came vnto the church after this manner The trumpets were set in seuerall companies neere vnto the church still sounding and answering one another About foure of the clocke there past by this scaffold to go into Saint Paules church the Knights Lords and Grandoes going before and some Dukes of especiall name bearing sundrie ceremonies as the salt carried by one a wax taper by another then came the Constable who carried the Crowne before whom went the king at Armes The duke of Lerma bare the prince in his armes being tied vnto him with a rich scarse he was assisted by the prince of Sauoy and the earle of Miranda Then followed the Infanta in a chaire the which diuers gentlemen of the kings bed-chamber and priuie chamber carried on their shoulders the younger prince of Sauoy going by At the church doore the cardinall attended them in his pontificall robes hauing three bishops and other officers of the Church with him and so they conducted them with singing vnto the Font the which was richly couered with a canopie of cloth of gold The cardinall performed the ceremonie the which ended with church musicke sounding of trumpets and other wind instruments and so they returned as they came being accompanied by most of the great Ladies of the Court and kingdome The prince was Christened by the name of Philip Domingo Victor The elder prince of Sauoy was his godfather of whom he tooke the name of Victor and the Infants his sister was his godmother The Lord embassador of England was placed in the earle of Ribadauias house both to see the procession in the morning and the prince going to the Christening after which he was conducted by a priuat way into the church to see the ceremonie The next day Churching of the queene of Spaine being Monday the embassador leger was presented to the king and gratiously allowed of by him On Tuesday the Lord embassador was conducted to S. Mâ—ries church by D. Blasco d' Arragon to see the ceremonie of the queenes Churching whither the king and queene came together the king being on horsebacke and the queene in a verie rich carroch of cloth of gold drawne with foure horses hauing their furnitures of cloth of gold with whom the Infanta sat After which in another carroch came the yong prince in the armes of an auncient ladie and then followed two other carroches of blacke veluet with diuers duchesses countesses and other great personages widowes Then came foure other carroches all of one fashion with diuers ladies the queenes maides This was the first day of the queenes going abroad and as it was held her Churching day That day the Lord embassador was inuited to dine with the Constable Earle of Nottingham feasted by the Constable where he was accompanied by the dukes of Albuquerque of Sessa others where there wanted not any thing that the countrie could yeeld for his entertainment On Friday being the 20 of May there were certaine presents Presents sent to the king and Queen of Spain sent by the king of England deliuered the king and Queene comming themselues into a priuat garden to receiue them They were sixe horses three for the king and three for the Queene with saddles and clothes verie richly imbrodered two Crosse-bowes with sheafes of arrowes foure fowling peeces with their furnitures all verie richly garnished and inlaied with plates of gold and a couple of lime-hounds which presents were kindlie receiued the king and Queene admiring the fashion and richnesse thereof On Tuesday the eight twentieth of May Embassador feasted by the duke of Lerma the Lord embassador with all the English were inuited to dine with the duke of Lerma where they were verie honorably entertained to their great contentment he was accompained at the table by the duke of Lerma the duke of infantasgo and the duke of Albuquerque They were attended on at the table by Marquesses Earles Knights and gentlemen of the kings priuy-chamber and few others Hauing receiued what pleasure could be deuised at the table they were afterwards caried down into a faire Court paued with square stone in the middest wherof was a fountaine of cleere water the whole Court was couered with canuas to keep them from the heat of the Sunne There was a stage set vp in this Court with al things fitting for a play which the embassadour and the rest were inuited to see The king and Queene were also in priuat to see this Comedie The day appointed for the taking of the kings Othe King of Spaine goes in procession was vpon Thursday the thirtieth of May being Corpus Christi day on the which the king went in procession and for that hee would bee seene by the English hee appointed to passe by the gate where the embassador was lodged after this manner First there came eight great Giants three men three women and two Moores with a Taber and pipe playing and they dauncing Then followed certaine Pilgrimes clad in blew After whome fiue and twenty or sixe and
Castille his second wife mother to D. Sancha Vicontesse of Bearn and then wife to D. Pedro de Molina of which second marriage came Americ Vicont of Naborna for D. Pedro his father was sonne to Ermisenda Vicountesse of Naborna XX. D. SANCHO 7 of that name called the wife sonne to D. Garcia Ramires in the yere 1150 he raigned 46 yeres D. BEACIA or BEATRIX or as some say D. Sancha daughter to D. Alfonso Raymond king of Castille and Leon his wife by whom he had Children D. Sancho King of Nauarrâ— D. Ferdinand D. Ramir Bishop of Pampelone D. Berenguela Queene of England D. Thersa or Constance D. Blanche Countesse of Champaigne and Brie XXI D. SANCHO 8 of that name called the strong sonne to Sancho 7 in the yere 1194 he raigned 40 yeres D. CLEMENCE daughter to Raymond 4 Earle of Tolousa his wife D. Ferdinand who died before the father Of a Concubine whose name is vnknowne this king had William a bastard By the death of the king the Crowne of Nauarre past into the house of Champaigne D. Blanche his sister wife to Cont Thibaud remayning sole of the race hauing issue XXII D. THIBAVD 1 of that name sonne to D. Blanche of Nauarre succeeded his vncle D. Sancho 8 in the yere 1234 and raigned 19 yeres His first wife was of Metz. The 2 was daughter to Guichard Earle of Beausieu and had D. Blanche Duchesse of Britaine The third wife was daughter to Archembaud Earle of Foix named Marguerite mother to Children D. Thibaud D. Henry D. Leonora D. Pedro. XXIII D. THIBAVD second of that name sonne to the first in the yeâ—r 1253 he raigned 18 yeres D. ISABELL of France daughter to S. Lewis by whom he had not any children D. Marquise Lope de Rada â— Concubine brought him D. Marquise a bastard who was wife to Pedro Fernandes of Ixar base sonne to D. Iames the first King of Arragon XXIIII D. HENRY brother to Thibaud the second in the yeare 1271 he raigned three yeres the first of that name D. IOANE daughter to Robert Earle of Artois Children D. Thibaud died an infant D. Ioane Queene By a Concubine of the house of Lacarra he had D. Henry bastard Marshall of Nauarre XXV D. IOANE sole daughter to D. Henry the first married to Philip the faire king of France and raigned in Nauarre in the yere 1274 the space of 31 yeres of which mariage issued Children D. Lewis Hutin D. Philip the long D. Charles the faire D. Ioane D. Isabell Queene of England XXVI D. LEVVIS HVTIN King of France and Nauarre first of that name in the yere 1305 he raigned 10 yeres in Nauarre D. MARGVERITE daughter to Robert of Burgundie D. Ioane of Nauarre His second wife was Clemence daughter to the King of Hungarie D. Iohn an after-birth who liued but eight dayes XXVII D. PHILIP the long king of France and Nauarre second of that name in the yere 1315 he raigned fiue yeres D. IOANE daughter to Othelin Earle of Burgundie Children D. Ioane Duchesse of Burgundie D. Marguerite Countesse of Nemours D. Marie wife to the Daulphin Himbert D. Blanche a religious woman XXVIII D. CHARLES the faire first of that name king of Nauarre and France in the yere 1320 he raigned about eight yeres D. BLANCHE daughter to Othelin Earle of Burgundie his first wife D. MARIE of Luxembourg his second wife mother to D. Blanche Duchesse of Orleans A sonne which died in his infancie D. IOANE daughter to Lewis Earle of Eureux by whom some say D. Blanche was borne XXIX D. IOANE daughter to King Lewis Hutin heire of Nauarre in the yere 1328 she raigned with her husband 21 yeres D. PHILIP Earle of Eureux husband to D. Ioane the third of that name among the kings of Nauarre of which marriage descended Children D. Charles king D. Philip Earle of Longueuille D. Lewis Earle of Beaumont This D. Lewis married the heire of the house of Beaumont le Roger in Normandie and were the stemme of the Earles of Lerin D. Ioane Countesse of Rohan D. Marie Queene of Arragon D. Blanche Queene of France D. Agnes Countesse of Foix. XXX D. CHARLES second of that name sonne to D. Philip the third in the yeare 1349 he raigned in Nauarre 37 yeares and was surnamed the bad D. IOANE of France daughter to king Iohn his wife of which marriage descended these following Lawfull children D. Charles King D. Philip died yong D. Pedro Earle of Mortaing from whom descended D. Pedro of Peralta Constable of Nauarre the stemme of the Marquesse of Falses D. Blanche D. Ioane Duchesse of Britaine and Queene of England D. Marie Countesse of Denia it is doubtfull whether she were daughter to this Queene D. Leon or Lionell a bastard the beginning of the Marquesse of Cortes Marshals of Nauarre XXXI D. CHARLES third of that name sonne to Charles the second in the yeare 1386 he raigned 39 yeares D. LEONORA of Castille his wife Children D. Ioane Countesse of Foix. D. Marie D. Blanche Queene of Sicile and Nauarre D. Beatrix Countesse of Marche D. Isabell. D. Charles D. Lewis By a Concubine whose name is vnknowne Bastards D. Godefray Earle of Cortes D. Ioane maried to D. Inigod Ortis of Estuniga XXXII D. BLANCHE daughter to D. Charles the third had to her second husband D. Iohn of Arragon and began to raigne in the yere 1425 and lasted 17 yeres then after her decease D. IOHN who was king of Arragon and Sicile continued his raigne vnto the yere 1479 who had by D. Blanche Children D. Charles D. Blanche Queene of Castille D. Leonora Countesse of Foix and afterwards Queene of Nauarre This King Iohn had a second wife and other issue which is set downe in the Line of Arragon XXXIII D. LEONORA Countesse of Foix wife to Gaston the fourth came to the Crowne of Nauarre suruiuing her brother and sister in the yere 1479 and died the same yere D. GASTON Earle of Foix called Prince of Viana husband to D. Leonora by who he had Children D. Gaston of whom and of Marguerite of France descended D. Iohn Vicount of Narbona D. Pedro Cardinall D. Iames. D. Marie Marquesse of Montferrat D. Ioane Countesse of Armaignac D. Marguerite Duchesse of Britanie D. Katherine Countesse of Candalle D. Leonora died a maid Francis and Katherine XXXIIII D. FRANCIS sonne to Gaston surnamed Phebus and grandchild to D. Leonora his father being dead before her decease he succeeded her in the realme of Nauarre in the yere 1479 and raigned foure yeares he died without any children XXXV D. KATHERINE sister to Francis Phebus raigned after her brother in the yeare 1483 she married with D. IOHN of Albret of which marriage issued Children D. Iohn D. Andrew D. Henry king of Nauarre D. Charles or rather Francis who died at Naples in Monsieur de Lautrecs voyage D. Katherine D. Anne D. Quiterie D. Magdelaine D. Isabell. And fiue other children which died young During the time and raigne of these Kings D.
Iohn of Albret and D. Katherine D. Ferdinand and D. Isabella his wife kings of Castille and Arragon seized on the realme of Nauarre beyond the Pyrenees and joyned it to Castille XXXVI HENRY the second of Albret successor to the rights of Nauarre second of that name in the yere 1517. MARGVERITE of France sister to king Francis the first his wife Ioane whom Bertrand Helie calls Charlotte XXXVII IOANE daughter to Henry the second succeeded in her fathers rights married to ANTHONIE Duke of Vendosme of the noble house of Bourbon Henry Katherine XXXVIII HENRY the third of that name in Nauarre and the fourth in France in the yere 1572 and raigned 38 yeares MARGVERITE of Valois from whom he was diuorced hauing no children MARIE de Medicis daughter to the duke of Florence his second wife by whom he had Lewis with diuers other children XXXIX LEVVIS now raigning the second of that name in Nauarre and the thirteenth in France he succeeded to his fathers rights in the yere 1610. Line of Arragon I. There is mention made about the yeare 775 of Aznar the sonne of Aznar and grand-child to Ende Duke of Aquitaine who had two sonnes Galinde and Ximenes Garces II. D. Galinde obtained some lands of the Soueraigntie of Nauarre and had his dwelling and seat at Iaca This was the beginning of Arragon D. Theuda who was Queene of Nauarre D. Ximen Aznares D. Endregot III. D. Ximen Aznares sonne to D. Galinde the third Earle of Arragon IIII. D. Ximen Garces brother to D. Galinde fourth Earle of Arragon in the yeare 803. D. Garcia Aznares his sonne V. D. Garcia Aznares sonne to D. Ximen Garces fift Earle of Arragon D. Fortun Ximenes his sonne VI. D. Fortun Ximenes sixt Earle of Arragon D. Vrraca as some say daughter to this D. Fortun and others to Endregot aboue named vnited the Earledome of Arragon to the Crowne of Nauarre bringing it in dowrie to the King D. Garcia Inigo second of that name VII D. Garcia Inigo king of Nauarre and seuenth Earle of Arragon in the yeare 867. D. Vrraca aboue named his wife D. Fortun their eldest sonne the rest are named in the Line of Nauarre VIII D. Fortun king of Nauarre second of that name and eight Earle of Arragon in the yeare 885. IX D. Sancho Abarca king of Nauarre and ninth Earle of Arragon brother to D. Fortun in the yeare 901. X. D. Garci Sanches sonne to D. Sancho Abarca king of Nauarre and tenth Earle of Arragon in the yeare 920. XI D. Sancho Garces sonne to D. Garci Sanches eleuenth Earle of Arragon raigning in Nauarre in the yeare 969. XII D. Garcia the shaking sonne to D. Sancho Garces king of Nauarre and twelfth Earle of Arragon in the yeare 993. XIII D. Sancho the Great sonne to D. Garcia the shaking thirteenth Earle of Arragon in the yeare 1000. This king of Nauarre erected the Countie of Arragon to a Realme and gaue it to his base sonne D. Ramir as appeares by the discourse by the Historie First King of Arragon D. RAMIR first of that name sonne to D. Sancho the great king of Nauarre was the first king of Arragon in the yeare 1034 and raigned 42 yeares D. ERMISENDE daughter to the Earle of Bigorre by some named Guberge his wife Children D. Sancho Ramires D. Garcia Bishop of Iaca. D. Sancha Countesse of Tolousa D. Theresa Countesse of Prouence He had by a concubine D. Sancho Lord of Ayuar Atares and Xauierre II. D. SANCHO RAMIRES king of Arragon in the yeare 1076 he raigned 18 yeares and vsurped the realme of Nauarre D. FELICE daughter to the earle of Vrgel his wife Children D. Pedro king D. Alphonso king D. Ramir a Monke and then a king By a concubine whose name is not extant D. Garcia Bishop of Iacca III. D. PEDRO first of that name sonne to D. Sancho Ramires in the yere 1094 he raigned 14 yeres D. BERTHE or IGNES his wife an Italian They died both before the father D. Pedro D. Isabell IIII. D. ALPHONSO first of that name brother to D. Pedro in the yeare 1108 and raigned 26 yeares he married D. Vrraca the heire of Castille and died without children after him Nauarre was separated from Arragon V. D. RAMIR a Monke sonne to D. Sancho Ramires and brother to the last kings was king of Arragon in the yeare 1134 by election of the Estates his raigne was vncertaine for hauing for the most part led a Monkish life he gaue ouer the gouernment of the realme vnto his sonne in law D. Raymond Berenger Earle of Barcelona D. AGNES sister or daughter as some hold to William Earle of Poictiers his wife mother to D. Petronilla heire of Arragon D. Petronilla daughter to D. Ramir did not raigne as some hold but her sonne D. Raymond whom she had by the Earle of Barcelona D. Raymond Berenger who gouerned the realme in qualitie of a Regent and was called Prince of Arragon who had by his wife Petronilla among other children which are named in the line of Cattelogne this sonne D. Raymond who changed his name and was called Alphonso VI. D. ALPHONSO second of that name called before Raymond sonne to the Earle D. Raymond Berenger and of the Princesse D. Petronilla in the yeare 1162 he raigned 34 yeares D. SANCHA daughter to D. Alphonso Raymond king of Castille and Leon and of D. Rica she was mother to Children D. Pedro king of Arragon D. Alfonso Earle of Prouence who had to wife D. Maria de Folcaquier whence descended D. Raymond Berenger who was married to Beatrix daughter to Thomas Earle of Morienne who had Marguerite queene of France Leonora Queene of England Sancha Queene of England Empresse Beatrix Queene of Naples Ioane who had the countie of Prouēce as the Arragonois say D. Ferdinand a Monke D. Constance Queene of Hungarie and then Empresse D. Leonora Countesse of Tolousa D. Sancha Countesse also of Tolousa D. Doulce a Nunne VII D. Pedro 2 of that name sonne to D. Alfonso the 2 in the yeare 1196 he raigned about 18 yeares His first wife was of the house of Folcaquier by whom he had D. Raymond Berenger D. Marie daughter to the Earle of Mompellier who had beene marryed to the Earle of Cominges by this second wife he had D. Iames king By a Concubine not named D. Constance marryed to William Raymond of Moncado Seneschall of Cattelogne VIII D. Iames first of that name sonne to the king D. Pedro the first in the yeare 1213 hee raigned 43 yeares D. Leonora of Castille daughter to king D. Alfonso the 9. by whom he had D. Alfonso who dyed before the father D. Violant daughter to the king of Hungarie his second wife mother to Children D. Pedro king of Arragon D. Iames king of Maiorca who married Esclermond of Foix who brought him D. Iames a Monke D. Sancho king of Maiorca D. Ferdinand D. Philip. D. Sancha D. Sancho Archbishop of Toledo D. Isabell Queene of France D. Ferdinand D.
Pegnafiel 669 Gouernment of a woman cause of contention 719 Gonsalo the great captaine breakes his faith and promise 996. he is made duke of Terranoua Sessa 874. his is honored by king Lewis 12. 883 Gouleta taken by the Emperor 988. taken againe by the Turkes 1174 Gouernors made by D. Sebastian going into Affrike 1200 Gouernors of Portugal after Henries death 1207 Gretians Authors of lies 2 Gracchus victory against the Celtiberians 92 Gregory Bishop of Ostia Protector of Vines 265 Grecians defeated by the Cattelans 455 Greene crosse the badge of the Knights of Calatraua 676 Granado yeelded to the Kings of Castile 940 Greedines of the Flemmings gouerning K. Charles 945. Greatnes of the King of Spaines dominions 1095 Gun-powder an ancient inuention 8 Guadalquibir the Spring and course 16 Guipuscoa a member of the realme of Nauarre 201. Guifts to Elenor of England Queene of Castile in fauour of her marriage 315 Guipuscoa yeelded to the king of Castile 335 Guipuscoans enemies to the Nauarrois 500 Gifts of Henry the 4. king of Castile 753 Gouernors draw king Philip into Portugal 1210 they seeke to dissolue the Estates ibid. H HAnno's voyage along the coast of Affricke 34 Hannibal sent into Spaine ibi he is made Gouernor of Spaine 36. he marcheth towards Italy 39 Hanno defeated by Scipio ibid. he is sent againe into Spaine 61 Hambroz the Moore betrayes the Toledains 180 Hatred betwixt fiue Christian kings raigning in Spaine 326 Habit of the knights of Alcantara 355 Haro Lord of Biscay much honored by the king of Castile 429 Hatred betwixt D. Iohn Nugnes de Lara and Don Alphonso of Albuquerque 532 Hatred among Courtiers cannot be reconciled but with the ruine of the one partie 701 Hatred of the Portugueses and Castillans 1210 Hesperus of whom Italy and Spaine are named 5 Hercules defeates the Curetes 9 Heauines in Gn. Scipio's army without apparent cause 47 Hermingild a Christian slaine by his fathers commandement being an Arrian 141 Henry of Lorrain the stemme of the house of Portugall 247. he is the fitst Earle of Portugall 258. D. Henry takes vpon him the title of king of Castile 566. he is defeated in battell 570. he is releeued againe by the French 572. hee is setled king of Castile 578. he is poysoned 596 D. Henry the 3. proclaymed king of Castile 628 Hermite an Impostor 644 D. Henry subdues his rebels ibid. D. Henry Master of the Order of Christ first discouered at sea 681 D. Henry Infant of Arragon depriued of his lands in Castile 684 D. Henry de Guzman drowned neere to Gibraltar 711. Henry Prince of Castile wonne by the Constables faction 726 Henry the fourth king of Castile giues his enemies meanes to make war against him 783. beeing destitute of all humane helpe hee hath recourse vnto God 784. he is degraded in effigie and his brother declared King of Castile 781. his patience ibid. hee oppresseth his trustie seruants and dares not deale with his rebels 796. hee is forsaken by his subiects 800 his indiscretion 803. his false oath 825. hee takes no cares for the succession of the Realme 841 Hermandades of Castile 828 Hernando Alraco beheaded 881 S. Herme at Malta taken by the Turke 1116 D. Henry king of Portugall 1204. his proceeding touching the succession 1205. his death and disposition 1207 Hypocrisie of the Infant D Sancho 417 Hypocrifie of the Inquisitors in Spaine 1123 Horses in Spaine 27 Hope and Despaire breed like effects at the seege of Sagunt 37 Honor and liberty animate valiant men 66 Hospitality of king Almenon a Moore 241 House of Biscay 313 Houses of Religion built by Alphonso king of Portugall being excommunicate 391 Hospitaliers enriched with the spoyls of the Templers 453 Houses of strength retreats for theeues ruines in Guipuscoa 740 House of Braganza in Portugall 776 House of Mendoza gouernes the Realme of Castile 797 Hospitall of S. Iames built for Pilgrimes 917 Hope of gaine makes vice remaine vnpunished 915. Hunger in the Emperors army at Alger 1005 Humanity of Metellus to poore innocents 100 Huns chase the Gothes out of their conquests 129 Humanity of the Gothes to the vanquisht Sueues 135. Humanity of King Hazen to a Christian his prisoner 214 Huesca taken and the Moores defeated 264 Humanity and modesty of a Moorish king 417 Hugh Iudge of Arborea murthered by his subiects 618. Humanity of Christians to banished Iewes 947 Husbandrie of Cardinall Ximenes 937 I IAen deliuered to the king of Castile 376 Iacobins first Inquisitors in Spaine 1120 Iberians gaue the name to Spaine 3 Idlenes makes souldiers insolent and mutinous 68. Idlenes and ease enemies to vertue 88 S. Iames taken by the Moores 21â— S. Iames of Compostella made an Arch-bishoprick 278. D. Iames king of Maiorca dispossest by his Nephew 428 D. Iames king of Maiorca slaine 525 Iew Collector of the kings reuenues slaine in Guipuscoa 774 Iewels and plate taken from Churches by the king of Castile 852 Iewes and conuerted Moores oppressed vpon slanderous reports 992 Iewes constrained to be baptized 958 Ignorance makes people subiect 30 Ignalada surprized by the Prince of Arragon 788 D. Iohn Nugnes de Lara defeated and taken prisoner 444 D. Iohn of Castile brings the Moores into Spaine against the king his brother 438 D. Iohn Alphonso of Albuquerque poisoned 537 D. Iohn of Abendagno murthered by the Lord of Biscay 539 D. Iohn de la Cerde slaine by the king of Castiles commandement 546 D. Iohn of Arragon in the king of Castiles presence 547 D. Iohn Master of Auiz aspires to the gouernment of Portugal 603. he is chosen king of Portugal 607. he cals the English into Spaine 613 D. Iohn de Pachâ—co gouerns Prince Henry of Castile 717 Iohn king of Arragon pawneth Roussillon to Lewis the French king 769. he is proclaimed an enemy to the country ibid. his clemency 1830. his second marriage ominous to the realme of Nauar 862. he giues the precedence to his son the king of Castile 864. his death 873 Iohn king of Nauar goes into Castile 962. hee is forced to retire into France 903 Saint Iohn de Luz burnt by the Spaniards 1006 D. Iohn de Luna flies into France 1076 Iohn de la Valette great Master of Malta 1116 Islands about Spaine 3 Illiturgis beseeged by the Carthaginians 44. taken by Scipio 66 Illora yeelded to king Fernand. 917 Impiety of Valens 126 Impatiency of Thiâ—aud Earle of Champagne to reigne 366 Impiety of Manfroy Frederies bastard 389 Imprisonment and murther of D. Iohn Nugues de Prada 536 Imprisonment of the Master of Auiz 599 Imprisonment of D Pedro Maâ—rique 712 Imprisonment of Charles Prince of Viana 763 Impunity the nurse of all disorders 836 Impositions cause of troubles 1001 Imperial army landed at Alger 1003 Islands of Philippina discouered 1113 Imputations laied vpon the Duke of Alba. 1216 Indiscretion and rashnesse of Bostares 41 Infidelity of the Celtiberians 46 Integrity of Paulus Aemilius 86 Incounter of L. Bibius vnfortunat ibid.
king of Castile in his last testament 629 Orders for the gouernment of the realme of Castile ibid. Order for the gouernment of Castile 637 Orders for the giuing of spirituall liuings 641 Officers called in question 659 Order of the golden fleece instituted 696 Outrage committed by a Moore in Seuile vnpunished 776 Opinion of the Biscains concerning Bishops 863 Orders for the quiet of the realme of Nauar. 891 Order touching the gouernment of Castile 881 Oran in Affrike taken miraculously 893 Order of the Nuns called the Conception 900 Orders for the Indies 930 Outrage committed by the Earle of Vregna 948 Oran beseeged by the Turkes and valiantly defended 1077 Occasion of a victory lost by the Christians 1086 Order of the Christians army at Gerbe 1087 Oran beseeged againe and well defended 1112 Obiections against the Prince of Spaine 1130 Order of the Christians and Turkes armies at Lepanto 1168 P PAssion in Amilcar the ruine of his country 35 Parle betwixt Masinissa and Scipio 74 Palantines among the Spaniards 106 Pampelone begun 112 Paliardise the ruine of the Gothes kingdome 157 Palence restored to the king of Nauarre 230 Patricide among the Princes of Cattelonia 254 Papacy disputed by armes 276 Parliament at Toledo for the Moores warre 339 Pampelona in sedition 346. diuided into two factions 405 Parricids committed by Conrade 412 Pablo a Iew conuerted a learned Doctor and of a good life 658 Pampelona made one body 689 Pardon granted to the confederats 731 Parliament at Toledo 880 Pastors being negligent cause persecutions 946 Pampelona beseeged in vaine by king Iohn 910. it is abandoned by the Castillans 962. it is taken by the Lords of Asperaut 965 Passage of king Francis a prisoner into Spaine 974 Pardon for the Moores proclaimed 1145 Perpenna and his confederats murther Sertorious 111. he is punished for his treason 112 Pelagius the first king of the Asturies 168. he flâ—es into the mountaines 169. he stiles himselfe king of Ouiedo 171 Pelagius a religious man cruelly murthered 194 Peace betwixt Nauarre and Castile 289 Peace betwixt Nauarre and Arragon 303 Pero Nugnes a faithful vassal to his king 309 D. Pedro king of Arragon slaine in France 345 D. Pedro of Arragon drawes his brother 401 D. Pedro Sanches of Montagu regent of Nauarre 402. he is murthered 405 Peace betwixt France and Arragon 436 Perpignan taken by the French 427 Peace betwixt Nauarre and Castile 501 D. Pedro king of Castile called the cruel 531. hee leaues his new wife 3. daies after his marriage 534. he marries a second wife the first beeing liuing 536. murthers committed by him 538. he puts his brother to death 546 his diuilish cruelty 548. he spoiles the Venerians at sea 551. hee murthers two other of his brethren 552. hee murthers Queene Blanch his wife 554. his cruelty couetousnesse and treachery 557. his flight out of Castile 567 he discontents the English 571. he is slaine by his base brother D. Hen. 575 Peace broken by the Castillan with Arragon 556 Peace betwixt Castile and Portugal 585 Peace betwixt Castile and Nauarre 594 D. Pedro of Portugal a great traueller 691 D Pedro of Arragon slaine at Naples 714 Pedro Sarmiento deliuers Toledo to Prince H. 739 Peace concluded betwixt Castile Arragon 768 D. Pedro of Portugal chosen king of Arragon 775 he is crowned at Barcelona 786. he is defeated with the Cattelans ibid. he is poisoned 789 Pedro de Velasco made Constable of Castile 834 Pero Gonzales of Mendosa Cardinal of Spaine 835 Perpignan yeelded to the French 847 Peace betwixt France and Castile 870 Peace betwixt Portugal and Castile 875 Pedro of Nauarre made Earle of Albeto 874. hee is chiefe conductor of the warre at Oran 892 Peace betwixt France and Spaine 879 Pegnon de Velez fortified by the Castillans 888 Pedro Arias d' Auila viceroy of the firme land at the Indies 917 Pearles in aboundance at the Indies 918 D. Pedro Giron raiseth new troubles 955 Peru discouered 981 Peace betwixt the Pope and king of Spaine 1080 Peace betwixt France and Spaine 1081 Persecutions in Spaine for religion 1083 Pegnon de Velez how scituated 1112 Pedro Aroio defeated and slaine by the Moores 1144 Pegnon of Fregiliana taken by the great Commander 1148 Peace betwixt the Turke and the Venetians 1172 People of the Terceres brutish 1218 Pedro de Baldes defeated by them of the Terceres ibid. Phenitiens spoile Spaine 8 Philip Archduke of Austria and Ioane his wife driuen into England by a storme 880 Philip Prince of Spaine sworn future king of Spain 1007. he goes into Flanders 1025. his marriage with Mary Queene of England 1039. hee is made king of Naples 1040. he is desirous of a peace with the Pope 1078. hee returnes into Spaine 1083. he sends succors into France 1094 his marriage with his Neece 1156. he sends his gallies to assist the Venetians 1157. his resolution to warre against the Turke 1173. he disswads D. Sebastien from the voiage of Affrike 1198. his troupes march towards Portugal 1208. he enters into Portugal 1217. his bounty in Portugal 1220. he is acknowledged king in Lisbone ibid. he goes out of Portugal 1226 Pyrenee mountaines ful of yron mines 2 Pirenees why so called 14 Piety of Isabel Queene of Portugal 469 Pisans abandon the Island of Sardinia 480 Piety of a sonne ill rewarded by D. Pedro king of Castile 530 Pizarro abandoned by his soldiers at Peru 1031. he defeats his enemies 1032. he is defeated and executed 1033 Pialy Basha hauing taken Gerbe enters Constantinople in triumph 1093 C. Plautius defeated by Viriatus 99 Pleasures corrupt both minde and body 215 Plague in Alphonso de la Cerdes campe 441 Places vpon the frontier of Castile abandoned by bad counsel 736 Places yeelded to the king of Castile 930 Placentia taken from D. Aluaro d' Estuniga 932 Places returne to the obedience of the king of Nauarre 910 Places belonging to the Portugals in Afrike yeeld to king Philip. 1215 Portugal whence it was so called 18 Pouerty assures the peoples liberty 28 Policy of the Romaine and Carthag captaines 43 Pompey deceiues the Numantins 103. he is sent into Spaine against Sertorius 111. his wisdome to end the ciuil war 112. he is made perpetual gouernor in Spaine ibid. he gets the farther Spaine to be at his deuotion 115 Policy of Flaccus Commissary of the victuals 105 Popilius Lenas vnfortunat in the warre of Numantia 104 Pompeys sonne slaine by Caesar. 116 Power of Ballancing that of kings 146 Pope Benedict an heretike 151 Posterity of Mudarra Gonsales 218 Portugal held in fee of the crowne of Leon. 258 Pope ratifies the election of the Emperour Rodolphus 406 Pope and D. Alphonso king of Castile met at Beaucaire 407 Pompe at the creation of the Earl of Barcellos 551 Policy cruell and detestable of Queene Leonora Telles 558 Pope Clement sends a Legat into Castile 631 Portugals slaine at Aliubarota 609 Power of the realme of Granado 644 3. Popes at one time in
THE GENERALL HISTORIE OF SPAINE Containing all the memorable things that haue past in the Realmes of Castille Leon Nauarre Arragon Portugall Granado c. and by what meanes they were vnited and so continue vnder Philip the third King of Spaine now raigning Written in French by LEVVIS DE MAYERNE TVRQVET vnto the yeare 1583 Translated into English and continued vnto these times by EDVVARD GRIMESTON Esquire LONDON Printed by A. Islip and G. Eld Anno Dom. 1612. TO THE RIGHT NOBLE AND MOST WORTHY OF ALL HONORS AND ALL TITLES ROBERT Earle of Salisburie Lord High Treasurer of England c. THOMAS Earle of Suffolke Lord Chamberlaine to his Maiestie MY most Honoured Lords I might iustly feare that my continuall desire to acknowledge my dutie vnto your LL. by some acceptable kind of seruice would be held importunitie if your Noble dispositions and mine owne experience in particular of your Honours gratefull acceptance of the meanest seruice that is well meant had not freed me from that feare and enabled my weake faculties to adde this vnto the rest of my oblations which I consecrate vnto your LL. vpon the Altar of my deuotion I must confesse that your fauorable reception of my French and Netherland Histories hath added courage to my will to passe the Pyrenee Mountaines and to take a suruey of this Historie of Spaine the which I held in my weake judgement for many respects as worthie the knowledge of our Nation as any other It is a generall Historie of all the Continent of Spaine wherein the seuerall Histories of those seuerall Kingdomes as they were in former times distinctly diuided and gouerned by diuers Princes are vnited being collected out of all the best authors that haue written of that subiect These considerations I say were the inspiring meanes to moue me to vndertake the traduction of this Historie of Spaine and haue giuen me resolution and constancie to finish it and to send it forth to the view of the world The worke I hope will giue good content it being a faithful relation of so many variable and strange accidents as haue happened in those Countries during the manie alterations and changes of that State and the long and cruell wars betwixt the Moores Spaniards If I in my plaine maner of translation haue not giuen it that grace which a more eloquent penne might haue done I most humbly craue pardon and intreat that my desire to benefit others may giue satisfaction for my disabilitie and defects I haue presumed to shroud the fruites of my poore endeuors vnder your LL. countenance and protection desiring to leaue a testimonie to all posteritie how much I am Your LL. deuoted in all duetie and seruice EDVVARD GRIMESTON To the Reader GEntlemen in the last edition of the Historie of France I did willingly omit all matters acted by the Spaniards wherein the French were not principally interressed hauing then a resolution to make the Histories of those countries distinct and priuat And for that I would not leaue you long in suspence I promised within the yeare to publish this Historie of Spaine wherein notwithstanding my publique seruice and many other difficulties I haue forced my selfe to keepe my word and to giue you satisfaction though it be with some preiudice to my health I will not vse many complements in the behalfe of the Author his worke shall plead for himselfe This Historie was written by a Frenchman who is yet liuing a man of grauitie and iudgement It is no translation but a collection out of the best writers that haue treated of that subiect his chiefe Authors were Stephen Garebay Ierome Surites Mariana Ambrose Morales Iohn Vasee a Fleming with many other Spanish Italian Latin writers out of all which he hath compyled this worke and as it were vnited and tyed together the discourse of all these realmes with a continued style by reason of the warre accords marriages and other treaties and alliances which they haue had common among them yet hath he so distinguished them as seeing them all you may easily read any one seuerally by it selfe by the direction of notes and inscriptions set in the margent at euerie section or breach whereby you may choose what belongs to Nauarre Portugall Castille or to any other of those realmes and read the Historie apart from the beginning to the end The antiquitie of this Spanish Nation wherof he hath breefely made mention in the beginning of the first Booke he confesseth to be obscure and vncertaine and the writers thereof ignorant or negligent so as it may be his discourse agreeth not with some authors which treat of the same men of whom he maketh mention as of Hercules Cacus Gerion Denis and such like but he pleads thus much for himselfe that he could not contemne nor reiect the Spanish authors which haue so written of them the which are to be receiued as obserued and produced by them This Historie comes but to the winning of the Terceres which was in the yeare 1583 he hath finished the rest vnto these times I my selfe haue seene it in his studie at Paris but he hath not yet put it to the Presse so as I haue beene constrained in the continuance thereof to helpe my selfe out of the best that haue written of these later times wherein I haue been assisted by some worthie gentlemen in the relation of some great actions and haue continued the Historie vnto my Lord Admirals returne out of Spaine You must not hold it strange if you find a great part of Philip the seconds raigne barren of any great actions done in Spaine his chiefe designes were against foreine States imploying his brauest men abroad either against France England or the vnited Prouinces at the Indies or at Sea all which actions are either related here or in their distinct Histories I must aduertise the Reader that from the yeare 1530 I haue not directly followed my Author for I haue both inserted diuers things out of other Authors whereof he makes no mention and haue related some more at large then he hath done for your better satisfaction as I haue found them written in other approued Authors My last suit must be for my selfe and the Printer yet will I not vse any great circumstances to captiuate your fauors in mine owne behalfe my stile I confesse is plaine and harsh it were folly nay madnesse in me to seeke to conceale it being so well knowne vnto you yet let me intreat so much fauor at your hands that as I haue spent my spirits to giue you content so you will spare your spleenes and censure fauorably vntill you come to the like tryall then shall you find that either by your owne mistaking or by the errors of the Presse you shall haue iust cause to sue for the like grace which is to supply all escapes and errors with your iudicious reading And so I rest Yours E. G. A GENERALL HISTORIE OF SPAINE Collected out of diuers Authors as well
those realmes 2 Philip the 3. King of France and his sonne Philip the faire King of Nauar being entred into Cattelogne had taken Perpignan ruined seuen and twenty townes and castles Arragon Perpignan taken by the French laied siege to Girone The victuals for the campe were brought from Narbone to the neerest hauens and ports of Empurias Roses and others and from thence was carried a little space by land with a gard of horsemen Which the King desiring to preuent and withall to take the treasor which he knew was brought to pay the souldiers The siege of Girone he came and laied an ambush of fiue hundred horse and about two thousand foot betwixt the sea and the French campe whereof the King of France being aduertised by his spies sent before by the aduice of the Constable of France three hundred choise men at armes vnder his charge who being come to the ambush and discouered to be few in number were presently inuironed and charged with great cries by the Arragonois who thought to defeat them but the French who were come thether to fight did incounter them in such sort as although they were much inferior in number yet they seemed more then equal in valour and courrage The Arragonols animated by their King who was present and fighting behaued themselues valiantly so as the one yeelding nothing vnto the other the fight continued long without aduantage vntill that the King D. Pedro being grieuously hurt in the face with a Lance retired himselfe out of the fight wherevpon his men beganne to faint Many of his horsemen escaped with him but as for the footmen they were all cut in peeces there were some horsemen slaine vpon the field on either side but most Arragonois The King D. Pedro hauing caused himselfe to be carried to Villa-franca died soone after of his wound He had raigned nine yeeres three monthes and foure daies A generous Prince but ambitious beyond all measure being growne an irreconciliable enemy to the French since the successe of the Island of Sicile the which he left to D. Iaime or Iames his yonger sonne D. Alphonso the third of that name and the tenth King of Arragon 3 DOn Alphonso his eldest succeeded to the realme of Arragon this yeere 1285. Don Pedro being aduertised by his Physitions the chiefe whereof was Arnaud of Villeneufue whose workes we haue but much curtalled by the Inquisitors that he drew neere his end he did sollicite his sonne D. Alphonso to hasten the conquest of Majorca which he had vndertaken D. Iames King oâ— Maiorca dispossest by his Nephew and did much desire wherefore D. Alphonso presently after his fathers death led the army to Majorca and tooke the Island ioyning that of Majorca to the other titles of the Kings of Arragon In this action the chiefe Commanders were D. Blasco of Alagon Sancho of Antillas Pedro Garces Nuez Pedro Seses Blasco Ximenes of Aierbio Symon Perez Andosilla of Arragon and of Cattelogne D. Pedro de Moncade Raymond of Vrgi and Maimon Plaigaman Euen vpon the death of the King D. Pedro there arriued in Cattelogne Charles Prince of Salerne called the halting a prisoner being conducted by Raymond Alleman Symon of Estorio and William Ponce Cattelans who had bound themselues to the Infant D. Iames who was appointed King of Sicile to carry him into Cattelogne or to loose their liues swearing that if any came to rescue him and that they found themselues too weake they would kill him and cast him into the sea You must vnderstand that one of the chiefe conspirators in Sicile against the French called Alain Leontain a councellor of Estate and chiefe Iustice of the realme which is one of the greatest dignities staied not long before he receiued from the Arragonois a worthy reward for his notable treachery Alain Leontin Author of the Sicilian Euensong a double traitor and his end and immoderat appetit of reuenge for being discouered that he sought to reconcile himselfe vnto the French for some discontentment he was sent prisoner to the castle of Siurane from whence he neuer parted being knowne to be a double traitor and God brought him to this end to shew that he detests those that for their priuat passions seeke the ruine of Estates The Constable of France returning to the campe before Girone he was receiued with all possible signes of ioy whereas soone after they had newes of the death of D. Pedro King of Arragon Girone taken by the French whereof hauing aduertised the besieged that they should not continue obstinate Raymond of Cardona who commanded within the towne demanded leaue to send one thether to vnderstand the truth who brought him word that hee had seene the King his maister dead wherevpon he yeelded vp the towne to the French King the souldiars and Inhabitants departing and carrying away what they could except gold and siluer which they were to leaue for the which they were sercht At this siege the plague fell into the campe and the King himselfe grew sick so as this warre ceased and they began to thinke of their returne into France The King had entertained certaine gallies of Pisa and Genoa which hee now sent backe hauing no more vse for them Sayling towards Italy they were met by Roger of Loria Admiral of Sicile who came to Cattelogne with fiue and fortie gallies to succour the King of Arragon his Maister of whose death he was then aduertised This man who was pollitike and loath to loose any oportunity hauing vnderstood from these captaines the Estate of the affaires in Cattelogne and especially of the enemies army he entertained all their fleete and lead them backe towards Ampurias where they found the remainder of the French fleete in the hauen whom they did sodainely set vpon and burne all the souldiers and marriners hauing escaped and ioyned with the rest of the Land-army King Philip who caused himselfe to bee carried in a litter was much grieued at this losse and his sicknesse did so increase Death of Philip the third King of France as he gaue vp the ghost in the towne of Perpignan whether the annie came with great difficulty the Arragonois hauing stopt the passages of the mountaines so as they were forced to make their way by the sword Philip the first of that name the fiue and twentith King of Nauarre 4 PHilip his sonne called the faire Nauarre who succeeded him was both King of France and Nauarre hauing a little before married D. lean the heire of Nauarre Of which marriage were borne three sonnes Lewis Hutin Philip the long and Charles the faire all which three were Kings of France and Nauarre one after an other hauing no children They had also two daughters Ioane who died young who is not in the French Genealogies and Isabel Queene of England mother to Edward the third who contended for the succession of the Realme of France against Philip of Valois At the time 1286. An. 1286.
who whilest they liued did continually afflict both themselues and thier subiects by tyrannies so as they purchased the surnames of Bad and Cruell Charles the second of that name and the thirtith king of Nauarre 5. LEauing the Estate of Castile at this time somewhat quiet Nauarre we will returne to the affaires of Nauarre the which we left at the death of Donna Ieanne wife to King Philip of Eureux to whome of three sonnes Charles Philip and Lewis Charles the eldest succeeded to the Crowne of Nauarre who was surnamed the bad by reason of the troubles he caused as well on this side as beyond the Pyreneé mountaines and of his strange disposition Beeing called by the three Estates of the Realme hee came in the yeare 1350. and was crowned in the cittie of Pampelona in an assembly made to that end after the manner of his Predecessors swearing to obserue the lawes and liberties of the country His coronation was accompanied with some bountie to the Cathedrall church of Pampelona to the which among other things he gaue a great crosse of siluer enameled with Flower de Luces azure During his coronation some of his people mutined pretending a breach of thier priuiledges whome the king did punish to seuerely causing many to be hanged and to bee executed by other cruell punishments as the cure farre exceeded the disease With the like violence he afflicted the Nobility of Nauarre Manners of K. Charles the 2. so as they decayed greatly and he shewed himselfe in all his actions inconstant wauering and light of beleefe If hee had any good in him it was a certaine respect he bare to Clergie men and to schollers At his coming the king of Arragon sent a Secretarie of his vnto him called Peter of Tarrega to confirme the League which was betwixt these two Realmes and soone after hee sent him another ambassage by Don Lope Earle of Luna and Don Iohn Fernandes of Heredia Castellan of Amposta for a more ample confirmation of the league and allyance betwixt them two propounding vnto the king of Nauarre an allyance by marriage to the end he might hold the kingdomes of Nauarre and Arragon well vnited for the king of Arragon feared much least Don Pedro king of Castile who was a violent dangerous and faithlesse Prince should breake the peace that was betwixt the two Realmes imbracing the quarrels of the Queene dowager of Arragon and of her children and should ioyne with Nauarre by some allyance which might be preiudiciall vnto him Hereuppon the Ambassadors propounded a marriage betwixt Don Charles king of Nauarre and one of the daughters of the king of Sicily who was of the house of Arragon And for that it was bruted that the king of Castile who had not then concluded a marriage with Blanche of Bourbon pretended to marrie Blanche of Nauarre sister to this King Charles and widdow to Philip of Valois the French king he was intreated to hinder it King Charles who had a desire and was councelled to take a wife in France excused himselfe from marrying with Sicile assuring the king of Arragon that the Queen Dowager of France would not marrie any more for it had beene a custome long obserued in France that the Queenes remayning widowes how young soeuer did not marrie againe finally hee conclded with the Ambassadours of an interview betwixt the king of Arragon and him but before it could be effected Don Pedro king of Castile who had beene aduertised of all which had past betwixt the King Don Charles and the ambassadours of Arragon wrought so as he drew the King of Nauarre to Bourgos Enterview of the Kings of Nauarre and Castile where there was great embracings and rich presents giuen of either side in the yeare 1351. as we haue sayd At this enterview was Philip brother to king Charles Beeing returned into Nauarre and hauing many great desseigns in his head hee made preparation to passe into France Whereof the King of Arragon beeing aduertised he sent to summon him of his promise that they should meete together whereunto he yeelded assigning the place at Momblanc where by the same meanes he should visit Enterview betwixt the kings of Arragon and Castile passing by Huesca his Neeces D. Constance and D. Ieanne Infants of Arragon Then the King Don Charles tooke his way towards France leading with him his two breethren Don Philip and Don Lewis The enterview of these Princes at Momblanc made them no better friends neither did they conclude that which D. Pedro king of Arragon did expect The king of Nauarre being come into France he beganne to make claime to many things for besides the Earledomes of Champagne and Brie which he pretended to belong vnto him hee made a title to the Duchie of Bourgongue by reason of his mother Queene Ieanne issued from that house of Bourgogne by her mother with many other claimes wherein king Iohn had no intent to do him right finding it so by his Councell ◠He had for his chief aduersarie another Charles or Iohn according to the French Histories who was Constable of France of the house of Castile Earle of Angoulesme sonne to Don Alphonso de la Cerde of whome wee haue often made mention whereby there were great insolencies murthers and rebellions committed throughout the Realme of France as we will touch briefly in passing for that these quarrels belong rather to the Historie of France then Spaine The king of Nauarre beeing in these poursuites by the course of Iustice before the Estates of France and the Courts of Parlament King Iohn thinking to pacifie him and to make him more tractable gaue him one of his daughters in marriage and in recompence of his demands gaue him Mante and Meulan but this did not abate his pride but wrought a contrarie effect This Princesse called Ieanne was the onely wife of King Charles of Nauarre Genealogie of Nauarre who had a great and a noble issue by her Charles was the first borne of this marriage who was king after his father Philip who dyed young Peter who was Earle of Mortaing in Normandie Moreouer they had these daughters following Mary who was Countesse of Denia married to Don Alphonso of Arragon Blanche who died at the age of thirteene yeares and Ieanne future Duchesse of Brittaine and after that Queene of England Of the Earle of Mortaing some Histories say is issued one sonne named Peter of Peralta who was Constable of Nauarre the stemme of the Marquis of Falses yet by the feminine line who are also Earles of Saint Esteuan Before the marriage of King Charles hee had a bastard sonne called Don Leon of Nauarre or Lyonel from whome are descended the Marquises of Cortes Marshals of Nauarre begotten of a Gentlewoman of the house of Euçe Of him was borne Don Philip the first of that line Marshall of Nauarre◠of Don Philip was borne Don Pedro of him Don Philip and Don Pedro brethren of Don Pedro anther
Nauarre Notwithstanding these things aboue-mentioned D. Henry did so labour the king of Nauar as he made him forget the promises he had made at Bayone to D. Pedro king of Castile and to the English comming to meet with D. Henry at Santa Cruz of Campeço where hee promised and sware to bee of his side and to do his best to stop the passage of the English army through Nauarre which would haue auayled him much to breake the desseines of the dispossessed king for in the passage of the Pyreneé hilles hee had nothing to fauour him but the Townes of Saint Sebastian and Guetaria in Guipuscoa At these promises sollemnly made by the king of Nauarre vnto Don Henry there assisted Don Gomes Manrique Arch-bishop of Toledo D. Lopes Fernandes of Luna Arch-bishop of Sarragossa Don Alphonso of Arragon Earle of Denia and Marquis of Villena Bertrand of Guesclin and many other great personages of Castile France and Arragon And a league was concluded betwixt the kings of Arragon Nauarre and Don Henry for their common defence against all men And the king promised to be readie with the forces of his countrie and to be in person at the Battaile which they thought would be giuen for assurance whereof there was deliuered into the Arch-bishops hands of Sarragossa the castle of Garde and that of S. Vincent to Bertrand of Guesclin and that of Buradon was giuen in gard to D. Iohn Ramires of Areillan In recompence of the good offices which D. Henry expected from King Charles he promised to giue him the towne of Logrogno to him and his for euer It was likely that D. Henries affaires should succeed better then those of Don Pedro and therefore K. Charles made choice to hold with the stronger as he thought The dispossessed king of Castile and the Prince of Wales vnderstanding of this league found it very strange and the English being more familiar with the king of Nauarre he complained much vnto him and sought to reduce him to his first promises the which he did making him againe with the note of great inconstancie to quit the party of Don Henry and of the king of Arragon in regard that they had promised to giue him besides Logrogno the citie of Victoria which did yet hold for the king Don Pedro for the which he bound himselfe by oath to giue them passage and to be in person with his troupes in the battell in their fauor excusing his lightnesse for that the Realme of Castile did by right belong vnto the King D. Pedro and withall he had a desseine to make vse of the friendship and forces of the English in the quarrels and pretensions he had with the French King who did much trouble his affaires The conditions which D. Pedro king of Castile made with the Prince of Wales were these He gaue him from that time the Segneurie of Biscay Castro of Ordiales Conditions betwixt D. Pedro and the Prince of VVales promised to pay the soldiers which he led into Spaine leauing his three daughters in hostage with the English he promised the citie of Soria to Iohn Chandos Constable in Guienne for the English and to many other Noblemen and knights other places and townes in Castile Vpon these accords being full of good hope seeing they had the king of Nauar their friend they marched with a great and mighty armie in the Spring time 1367. An. 1367. to repossesse the king D. Pedro in his Realme King Charles whether troubled in conscience for the oaths which he had so often broken or for some other consideration would not bee in person at this incounter betwixt the king D. Pedro and D. Henry as hee had promised but vnder colour of going a hunting he caused himselfe to bee taken prisoner by a plot and accord made with Olyuer of Manny or Maulny a Britton Knight who held the castle of Berja for Bertrand of Guesclin who had it by gift from the king of Arragon in the which he was shut vp and for that he would not shew himselfe altogether disloyall hee left Don Martin Henriques of Lacarra the master of his horse and his Standard-bearer at Pampelona with three hundred Lances commanding him to ioyne with the English armie and to fight in it The English armie arriued at Cuenca or Combe of Pampelona Castile about the beginning of March this yeare 1367. from whence it past into Alaua besides the Prince of Wales and Don Pedro king of Castile there were in it Iohn Duke of Lancaster brother to the Prince D. Iames of Maiorca son to the king Don Iames who had come for refuge to this English Prince being at Bourdeaux Iohn Chandos Constable of Guien Robert Felton great Seneshall Richard of Angle and Stephen of Consentone Marshals of Guien moreouer the Earle of Armaignac and Albert who offered and brought to this warre a thousand complet lances of his subiects and friends but they were reduced to his great griefe to two hundred by the Prince beeing so aduised by some other or of his own proper motion and for enuy which vice some write did often blemish the great vertues that were in him For euen some affirme that this voyage whih he vndertooke into Spaine was not for charity nor any loue he bare to the dispossessed king D. Pedro but for that the honor and reputation which Bertrand of Guesclin hand gotten to haue made D. Henry K. of Castile would not let him sleepe Besides the aboue named there did accompanie the Prince of Wales in this expedition the Earls of Perigort and Cominges the Vicont of Carmain Bernard and Perducas of Albert Captal of Buch the Lord of clisson the Seneshals of Xaintong Rochel Querci Limosin Agenois and Bigorre with many other Noblemen and renowned knights of England Poitou Brittaine Gasconie and other contries and among them some which had a litle before serued D. Henry vnder the command of Bertrand of Guesclin which Guesclin did not fayle at need but came to D. Henries army with a good number of Knights and souldiers to ayd him to maintaine his conquest Vpon the newes of this mighty army D. Henry had gathered together all his good subiects so as according to the French Authors it may be exceeding in their computations he made accompt to haue 7000. men at arms 20000. light horse and 40000. foot wherof many were armed with slings much feared in those dayes with these forces hee came to incounter his enemie and lodged betwixt S. Dominike of Calçada and Bagnares the enemy being camped about Saluatierra who approching towards Logrogno he came to Calderan The Captaines were of opinion that D. Henry should not fight but only coast the enemy and keepe him in continuall feare cutting off their victuals and other commodities whereby they should be soone forced to breake of themselues so had the French king aduised him to do but hee who was a Prince of great spirit and more resolute in such actions then was
places where they found very great resistance but it was first entred by the sea where they found the wall weakest and therefore had made the greater breach they wonne it foot by foot and in the end many of them being retired into the rauel in to make their last resistance vnder a Turke which was their leader they neuer gaue it ouer vntill death so as the slaughter was great Afrike taken by D. Iohn de Vega. There were manie prisoners taken some say aboue tenne thousand others but seuen thousand The wealth was not so great as was expected for that euer since Dragut was Lord thereof it was nothing but a retreat for theeues and pirats The prisoners were carried into Sicile whereas the women and children were sold good cheape the men that were fit for labour were distributed among the gallies The viceroy caused the breaches and ruines to be repayred and left a garrison of Spaniards there vnder the commaund of D. Aluaro his sonne Whilest that the armie remained there for the finishing of the fortifications they had a cruell storme which continued foure daies and did them much harme after which they returned all home safely to the great ioy of all Italie for this victorie Muley Hascen the dispossessed king of Tunes died at this siege Soone after the Viceroyes returne it was resolued in the Emperours councell that the towne of Afrike should be rased as a place lying too farre off of great charge and hard to be kept 13 This yere one thousand fiue hundred fiftie and three Ioane of Albret the presumptiue heire of Nauarre Birth of Henrie Burbon King of France and of Nauarre was deliuered of a sonne and he was named Henrie who should ioyne the rights of Nauarre to them of the house Bourbon which made him apprehend the Crowne of France Dragut after the losse of the towne of Afrike beeing retired into the Iland of Gerbe hee aduertized Sultan Solyman of his losse who retained him into his seruice and honored him with charges Doria beeing aduertized in the Spring that Dragut was gone to Gerbe whereas by a long narrow channell hee entred into a poole where hee might at ease trimme his gallies and goe out to his theeuing at pleasure Dorias armie came sodainely vpon him and besieged him Dragut besieged at Gerby by Doria escapes cunningly who to defend his vesselles had a Tower which garded the channell and withall hee had built a Bastion to couer him Notwithstanding they must in a short time haue all perished with hunger both hee with his Turkes and the Moore which was Lord of that Iland who beeing loath to breake his faith would not yeelde him prisoner to Doria yet hee persuaded him to finde some meanes to escape 1554 else they should bee all famished for that the Iland was but little barren and had small prouisions to liue withall Being then forced by necessitie hee set all his Turkes Moores and slaues to worke who beganne to make a channel in a lower part the which hee continued daie and night vntill hee came vnto the sea neyther was hee discouered by the enemies And so in the night time hee escaped this imminent daunger with admiration Doria being much discontented that the Turke had circumuented him with such a stratageme and moreouer that in his retreate hee had taken two of his gallies Andrew Dorias gallies lost but not so satisfied pursuing this pirate hee lost seuen more which were cast away in a storme with the death of aboue a thousand persons The Turkes armie beeing then at sea and Dragut ioyned with it beeing in all a hundred and fiue gallies and thirtie other vesselles they entred into the streight of Messina and tooke the towne of Augusta in Sicile which in auncient times was called Megara from thence he landed in the Iland of Malta and attempted the strong Castell of Saint Angelo in vaine then comming to the Iland of Goze they sacked it and carried away many slaues Finally he came into Barbarie and tooke Tripoly from the Knights of Malta hauing held it forty yeeres There was some discord betwixt Amida King of Tunes and D. Lewis Perez gouernour of Goulette who pretended that the Barbarian after the vsuall manner of the Moores had broken his faith with the Emperour touching the accord made with Muley Hascen Amida a King of Tunes makes a new accord with the emperour when he was put in possession and therefore he annoyed him much so as Amida fearing worse made a new accord and bound himselfe to giue euerie yeare vnto the Emperour twelue thousand crownes to pay the garrison of Goulette and moreouer fifteene Barbarie horses and eighteene faulcons to furnish wood for the vse of Goulette to release all Christian slaues within his realme and not to suffer anie more to be made and finally that hee should not receiue anie pirates but should aide and defend the Emperour with all his forces against any one that should seeke to offend him The marriage of D. Iohn prince of Portugall sonne to King Iohn the third and of D. Ioane the Emperours daughter Portugall was consummated in the yeere one thousand fiue hundred fiftie and foure the which confirmed the friendship and alliances betwixt their houses and states But this yong prince who was not fully seuenteene yeeres old dyed within a yere after his marriage leauing the princesse his wife with child who eighteene dayes after was deliuered of a sonne Birth of D. Sebastian of Portugall whom they named D. Sebastian King Iohn and Queene Katherine hauing not any more children remaining D. Ioane being risen from her child-bed went into Castille to gouerne the realme in the name of the Emperour Charles her father The Emperour finding himselfe much broken and troubled with many infirmities made his will about that time at Brussells committing in the meane time the execution of many things to his sonne D. Philip for that which concerned the affaires of Italie And as for Flanders and the Countries adioyning he himselfe with Queene Marie his sister widow to Lewis king of Hungarie would gouerne 15 This yeare a marriage was concluded betwixt D. Philippe prince of Spaine Marriage of D. Philip and Marie Queene of England and Marie Queene of England for the effecting whereof the Prince made preparation to go into England hauing foure score great shippes and fortie carauells in the which besides the noblemen and knights which did attend the Prince with their ordinarie traine there were foure thousand foote Spaniards to defend the fleete and to serue in Flaunders in the warre against the French he tooke shipping in Biscay hauing a prosperous wind leauing for gouernesse in Spaine D. Ioane his sister who as we haue said was in the beginning of the yeare left a widow by the prince of Portugall About the middest of Iulie hee came within sight of Hampton where there was a fleete of sixe and thirtie shippes some of the Queenes some of
content of all Spaine This yeare the Catholike King sent the Duke of Sabioneta out of Italy into Poland to pacifie the tumults and confusions of that Realme which were growne by the election of two kings the Pope hauing also sent Cardinall Aldobrandini thither to that end The King of Spaine after the conquest of Portugal hauing gathered together a great Nauy of ships and leauied a mighty army euery man thought hee would make some great enterprise according to the opportunity that was offered but mens opinions were diuided touching the action for that their humors and dispositions beeing diuers they propounded things according to the quallitie of their owne passions And so it fell out in the ordinarie discourses which were made touching the Catholike Kings enterprise which they all restrained to three against Afrike England or the vnited Estates of the Netherlands but to resolue which was most expedient for his Maiesty they all disagreed some seeking to perswade him to attempt the Netherlands others Afrike but most England In the end a truce beeing concluded betwixt the King of Spaine and the Turke and thereby the enterprise of Afrike cut off the question was now whether hee should invade England or the Netherlands Wherevpon there was one which deliuered his reasons by way of discourse to the Catholike King shewing that it was more conuenient for him to make warre against England then against the vnited Estates It seemes hee was vassall to the King of Spaine 〈…〉 prepara 〈◊〉 of Spaine 1588. as you may iudge by the vanity of his discâ—urse Many said he considering at the first sight the Catholike Kings interest to the Netherlands and to England affirme that although hee haue great pretensions to this Island yet he is more bound to recouer the Netherlands then to conquer England for that in all policy of state wee should rather seeke to preserue that which wee hold then to conquer new Although this maxime of state be of great force yet said he I doe not hold it to bee of such import as it shall sway downe the ballance without all contradiction For in these graue consultations we must not onely consider what is to bee done but how it may be most profitable most easily and most conueniently done For that many times Princes are incited to enterprises by honour and duty and yet the consideration of many circumstances and discommodities restraine them wherefore the consideration which binds vs more to preserue that which wee hold then to get new is not sufficient to conclude that his Catholike Maiesty should rather vndertake the enterprise of the Netherlands then that of England neither should wee in effects of so great importance giue credit to such light reasons But to the end it may appeere plainely that the King of Spaine is bound in all respects to the enterprise of England I will first of all said he lay not onely a true but a necessary foundation which shall support the whole building of my opinion which is that conquering England he shal at the same instant conquer the Netherlands but winning the Netherlands England is not gotten nay their hopes are no whit increased Moreouer hee said that the conquest of England was not so difficult as that of the Netherlands If then said he the conquest of England drawes with it the Netherlands and if bee more easie and more certaine who doubts that to peruert this order were to loose a goodly occasion and to bee the workeman of his owne disgrace but I will prooue said he with pertinent reasons either member of my ground That the conquest of England is more profitable then that of the Netherlands and that it is more easie For my proofe of the first ground I will produce three heads The first that the Low countries haue not so long maintained warre but with the helpe of England without the which they could not stand no more then mans bodie can liue without nourishment That fire is more easily quenched by taking away that which feeds it then by casting on water for that not hauing wherewith to feed it it consumes it selfe but seeking to vanquish it by the contrary it may bee it will grow more violent So the Florentines could not quench the rebellion of the Pisans before they had taken away the matter which nourished that fire which came from strangers and therefore it was all one action to take away their succours which came from confederats Princes and to winne the city which otherwise all their forces and of their confederats would not haue beene able to effect For my second head said he I set downe that England doth not onely maintaine the rebellion of the Nertherlands by sending succors but also by her countenance for where as the Netherlanders see the forces of Spaine conuerted against them they flie vnto England as to a Sanctuary knowing that the English would alwaies take armes against any that should inuade them Wherein they imitate the Athenians who thought themselues safe as long as the Olynthians stood who being subdued they knew not how they should keepe Philip out of their country Euen so if England should fall into the Spaniards hands the Netherlanders should loose the ground of their rashnesse being destitute of that support which hath maintained them in their insolencies My third reason said he is that the burthen of so long a warre hath so wasted the spirits and faculties of the Netherlanders as they scarce haue any pulse remayning they hauing not onely beene cruell butchers of their owne liues but Tyrants ouer their goods taxing themselues at aboue forty in the hundred besides hauing lost so many yeeres profit their land being vntilled and their trade of Marchandise fayling which doe much import them hauing also endured so many spoiles inuasions burnings routs of armies and ruines of townes with other great losses So as they cannot possibly maintaine this rebellion wanting life and spirit which England gaue it Whereby it appeeres that the conquest of the Low countries followes that of England as the shadow doth the body But on the other side we must not thinke the Netherlands being won England would be so easily vanquished the which being a rich and a mighty Kingdome seekes no support from any other but relies vpon her owne forces the which they would oppose against their fortaine enemies if the Netherlands should fall absolutly into the Spaniards hands standing as they doe now wherefore England in her defence depends onely of her owne power and if it should expect any forraine succors they would not flie vnto those rebellious States which are needy and depend vpon others Hetherto said he we haue shewed the difference of these enterprises and how much more proffitable that of England would be Now I must prooue the second head of my ground that the conquest of that Island is more easie then that of the Netherlands and therefore ought to bee preferred whether wee doe consider the proffit the oportunity
diuers accidents The first was the strange swelling and ouerflowing of the Riuer of Guadalquibir to the great spoile of the neighbour Countrie for passing ouer her bankes there were many persons drowned with much cattel and very many buildings ouerthrowne but the greatest losse was at Seuille in which port there lying many Ships of the Fleet they were staied long from making of their preparations And in the meane time whilest they proceeded slowly in this action according to the custome of that nation who persuade themselues to doe great matters with fame onely and repose the chiefe of their most important enterprises in tyring the enemie and consuming him at leysure the English armie appeared vpon their coast as you shall â—eare The charge of the English fleet and armie was giuen to the Lord Charles Howard high Admirall of England who at his returne from that seruice Armie of English for Spaine was by the Queenes Maiestie made Earle of Nottingham and to the Earle of Essex being ioyned together in Commission Being vpon their going from the coast of England they did publish in print in seuerall languages the true iust and vrgent reasons which had mooued her Maiestie to vndertake the sending forth of so great an Nauie with a full declaration of her Majesties pleasure and so they set saile from Plymouth vpon the third of Iune this yeare the whole English fleet consisting of some hundred ships of all sorts the which was diuided into foure squadrons of the which the Lord Admirall commaunded the first the Earle of Essex the second the Lord Thomas Howard now Earle of Suffolke the third and Sir Walter Rawleigh the fourth On the tenth of Iune this fleet got sight of Caliz or Cadiz in Andalusia but they kept not the order appointed for their comming in by reason of the mistaking of their masters and their falling in the night with the West sooner than they expected which made them stand vpon another boord and had somewhat disordered their fleet The Lord Admiral one of the Generals was with the greatest part of the fleet ahead to the Windward of the other Generall the Earle of Essex and his Squadron the wind being then at South Sir Walter Rawleigh was by reason of some chase in the night to Leeward and a sterne The Spaniards which were to the number of fiftie and seuen saile English fleet enters into Cadiz roade rod vnder the Towne of Caliz and the Gallies being seuenteene lay in the mouth of the Bay to couer the ships and to attend the landing of the English The Lord Admirall came to an anchor before the Southwest point of the Iland called Saint Sebastians the Earle of Essex seeing the Gallies rowe towards the landing place which hee had chosen bore with them vntill hee made them leaue their course and then looft vp and came with his squadron to an other anchor by the Lord Admiral which the rest of the fleet seeing came all vnto them only the Lord Thomas Howard in the Sea-honor anchored between them and the shoare The Generals called a Councell where it was ioyntly agreed vpon by them that their men should bee landed and the Town presently attempted on the West side which was next to the anchoring for which purpose the Earle of Essex Lord Generall Sir Francis Vere Lord Marshall and sir Coniers Clifford Sergeant Maior went to draw together as many souldiers and Gentlemen as their boats could wel carrie at once which being done and all their boates about the Lord Admirals ship sir Walter Rawleigh who was but then arriued in the Due Repulse came and protested against their landing holding the attempt to be dangerous and the performance as the wind blew and billowe went impossible for indeed it was growne to a storme whereupon it was resolued that the souldiers should bee returned to their ships and the Spanish fleet first assailed according to sir Walter Rawleighs aduice It was past noone before this later resolution was taken and more than two houres after before the Souldiers could bee carried backe vnto their Shippes some of their boates miscarrying before they could recouer their shippes which being done my Lord Thomas Howard weighed anchor first to giue the other ships scope to cast about then the rest of their principall ships as they could get leaue of the smaller Vessels which rodde close by them who also put themselues vnder saile but the winde was so strong and in such a place as most of their ships had beene driuen too farre to leeward if they had not come to anchour which the chiefe leaders perceiuing they came to a roade Besides the Sunne being not verie high they thought that the bringing in of so greaâ— a fleet towards night would so disorder them as the attempt should bee made to their great disaduantage So as the first day there was nothing executed by reason of these accidents Onely in the euening from the Bulwarke called Saint Philip from the Ships of warre which lay at Anchor and from the Gallies which did aduance a little towards them some few Canon shot were bestowed vpon the Due Repulse who answered them with the like especially against the Gallies when they approached to make them know the English could entertaine them if they came on That night the gallies coasting by the shore betwixt S. Mary Port Rotta came to obserue what order was kept by the rereward of the English fleet but they were soon turned backe On Munday earely in the morning there was a Councell held aboord the Lord Admirals Shippe where it was resolued to weigh anchor presently and to assaile the Spanish fleet the which was accordingly performed after this maner The Lord Thomas Howard and Sir Walter Rawleigh for so the Generall had appointed it bare right in the middest of the Chanell with the kings great ships which retyred before them scorning to bestowe a shot on the gallies which discharged their Canon as they passed by them The Lord Marshall being in the Raine-bow looft vp the Gallies which lay vp with their sternes close vnder the Towne and kept their prowes towards the Ships that should passe by them The Rainebow was a good while in fight before that any other ship came vnto her and was plyed with shot both from the gallies and from the Towne The Earle seeing her so ouer-matcht made haste vnto her and so making the enemie a fairer marke than the Rainebow which was a farre lesser ship eased her of many blowes Some other ships shot but farther off and to lesse purpose This incounter with the Gallies was a verie great aduantage vnto the enemy they hauing so many to so fewe for in effect these two ships aboue mentioned performed this whole seruice Besides there were two Bulwarkes of the Towne on their side all which notwithstanding the Gallies were forced to flie before them into the Baie two onely except which Sir Iohn Wingfield comming then vp in the Vangard did keep so in
one lesser which was betwixt the other two In which middle chaire the Infanta being taken out of her Chariot was placed the two virgins neere her and the other sixe vpon the degrees at the foot of the estate At the nether end of the Hall stood the maskers in a gallerie made of purpose who vpon drawing of a curtaine appeared as it were in clouds They were eight and twentie Knights Ladies besides torch-bearers whereof the king and Queen made two the rest were 〈◊〉 Grandoes and men of great honour the Ladies were the Queens Maides The gallerie being built in maner of an arch and set full with looking glasses did with the light of torches shine as if it had beene ful of Starres The musick playing the maskers descended by foure and foure at a time vpon a stage made in fashion of a cloud vntill the whole number was come forth dancing together in good forme and measure Hauing danced a while they all vnmasked themselues the king and Queene sitting in the chaires aboue mentioned where after some other dances the sport ended On the seuenth of Iune the Lord embassadour was appointed to take his leaue of the king and returne for England Before his comming to Audience the king sent by D. Pedro de Suniga and some others to the number of foureteene chaines of gold or thereabouts for some of the kings Seruants and his lordships chiefe officers hauing likewise sent before by the said D. Pedro vnto the Lords and to many knights and other especial men of his Lordships companie seuerall Iewels and chaines which were verie rich In the afternoone the king sent vnto the embassadour a verie rich present of Iewels both for himself and his Lady the which were presented vnto him by D. Blasco and brought by the masters and officers of the jewel house whome he rewarded honorably Not long after the Constable came with some others to conduct him to his Audience where after some priuate conference with the king hee tooke his leaue hauing receiued many gracious words from his Maiestie as also a ring with a Diamond which some valued at three thousand pounds the which the king put vpon his finger in token as hee said of wedding him perpetually in true loue After which the king commanded the duke of Infantasgo to conduct him vnto the Queen where hauing performed all due complements he tooke his leaue also of her Highnesse And the same day being accompanied a mile out of the Towne by the Constable and some other Noblemen he began his iourny towards England and on the fifteenth day came to Saint Andreas where his ships attended him Where being arriued and all things ready for his imbarking hee shewed his bountie in rewarding D. Blasco the Aposentador or chiefe Harbinger and al the kings officers seruants that attended him with great chains of gold faire Iewels of good value and large sums of money to their generall content After which hauing feasted them on shipboard hee put to sea on the 25 day of Iune Thus haue I summarily set downe the substance of the Earle of Nottinghams honorable entertainment at the Court of Spaine when as he was sent thither embassador for the swearing of the othe with the which I will end this Historie and conclude my labour with his Lordships safe returne into England FINIS ⧠Obseruations touching the state and gouernment of Spaine FOr as much as my Authour in the beginning of this Historie hath made an exact description of Spaine setting downe the number of leagues the whole continent doth containe in circuit describing the principall riuers within the Countrie with their Springs and courses setting downe the mountaines and hils and distinguishing the Prouinces within the countrie as they lye at this day and by whome they were in ancient time inhabited with a declaration of the fertilitie riches and commodities of the Countrie I haue thought good to adde something touching the gouernment of that state with some other obseruations concerning that subiect the which I haue collected out of such as haue beene curious to see obserue and write thereof The king of Spaine as hee is a potent Prince and Lord of many countries so hath hee many Councels for the managing of their affaires distinctly apart without any confusion euerie Councell treating only of those matters which concerne their Iurisdiction charge and meddle not one with anothers businesse with which Councels and with the Presidents being men of chiefe note the king doth conferre touching matters belonging to the good gouernment preseruation increase of his Estates and hauing heard euerie mans opinion he commands that to be executed that shall be held most fit and conuenient The first is The Councel of state Councel of state wheron the rest depend They name Viceroyes for all the king of Spaines countries and prouide for many things for the preseruation of his realms The king himselfe is President of this Councell the Counsellours who are the chiefe men in the court haue no fees The Councell of warre Councell of war It prouides for Generals Colonels Captaines the Generall of the gallies and for whatsoeuer concernes the war with the aduice of his Majestie who is president of this Councell They punish all commanders and officers at warre that doe not their duties And in like maner they dispose of the companies of men at arms appointed for the gard of the kingdom and they giue order for the artillerie munition and fortifications or any thing that is necessary for the warre The counsellors haue no wages The royall Councel of justice Councell of iustice Here they treat of the good gouernment of all Spaine they determine controuersies betwixt Noblemen and ease the greeuances of other Courts This councell is of great preheminence the president names al Iustices of Spain the Prouosts of the kings house with many other Counsellors and Iustices They take information how euerie one hath behaued himselfe in his charge punishing and changing as they shall think good but with the kings priuity There is a President and sixteen counsellors who haue all wages The Councell of Italie Councel of Italy which treats of matters concerning the realms of Naples and Sicile and the Duchie of Milan The Constable of Castille is President there are sixe Counsellours three Italians and three Spaniards In this Councell they dispose of the gouernment of Italie and giue aduancement to the Souldiers that serue in those Countries they appoint Gouernours and Iudges in cities and giue titles to Noblemen but they first acquaint the king with their consultations The Councel of the Indies The President is of greatest esteeme next vnto the councel royall The Councell of the Indies there are eight Counsellors and haue all wages They appoint Viceroys for Peru Noua Hispagna and a general of the army that goes into these parts with all other Offices and Spirituall liuings In this Councell they also treat of all greeuances
Violant Queene of Castille D. Constance wife to D. Manuell D. Sancha D. Maria. Of D. Ferdinand 3. sonne to D. Iames of Maiorca and of Isabell heire of Morec issued D. Iames king of Maiorca D. Frederic And of his 2. wife of Cypres D. Ferdinand D. Iames sonne to D. Ferdinand had by Constance of Arragon Isabell Marquesse of Montferrat Iames heire of Maiorca King Iames had also by D. Theresa Gil de Bridaure whom hee had married secretly D. Pedro Lord of Ayerbes D. Iames Lord of Xerica D. Berenguela a concubine D. Pedro Fernandes Lord of Ixar Of the daughter of D. Sancho d' Antillaâ— a concubine D. Ferdinand Sanches IX D. PEDRO third of that name son to D. Iames 1 in the yere 1276 he raigned 9 yeres D. CONSTANCE daughter to Manfroy bastard to the Emperour Frederic 2 his wife mother to Children D. Alphonso King of Arragon D. Iames King of Sicile and then of Arragon D. Frederic King of Sicile D. Pedro. D. Isabel Queene of Portugall D. Constance or Violant queen of Naples D. Maria Nicolosa a concubine brought him D. Iames Perez D. Anne Zapate a concubine mother to D. Ferdinand By another concubine not named D. Sancho X. D. ALPHONSO third of that name sonne to D. Pedro in the yeare 1285 he raigned six yeares and died without children XI D. IAMES second of that name brother to D. Alphonso in the yeare 1291 he raigned 36 yeares BLANCHE daughter to Charles King of Naples called the Lame his wife mother to Children D. Iames who became a Monke D. Alphonso D. Pedro Earle of Ampurias D. Raymond Berenger Earle of Prages D. Iohn Archbishop of Toledo D. Constance wife to D. Iohn Manuel D. Maria wife to D. Pedro of Castille D. Blanche a Nunne D. Violant Princesse of Tarentum D. Isabel wife to the Emperour Frederic the third This King had first of all maried D. ISABEL daughter to D. Sancho King of Castille but the Pope dissolued this mariage D. MARIA of Cypres was his third wife D. ECLISENDE sister to Othon of Moncado his fourth wife By a concubine not named D. Iames of Arragon Earle of Luna XII D. ALPHONSO fourth sonne to D. Iames 2 in the yere 1328 and raigned 8 yeres D. THERESA ENTENZA Countesse heire of Vrgel his wife Children D. Pedro King D. Iames Earle of Vrgel D. Constance Queene of Majorca Some write hee had fiue other children which died D. LEONORA of Castille his second wife mother to D. Ferdinand Marquesse of Tortosa D. Iohn XIII D. PEDRO 4 of that name son to D. Alphonso 4 in the yere 1336 he raigned 51 yeres D. MARIA second daughter to Philip 3 King of Nauarre his wife Children D. Constance Queene of Sicile D. Ioane Countesse of Ampurias D. Maria. A sonne which dyed young D. LEONORA or ELVIRA of Portugall his second wife D. CONSTANCE or LEONORA of Sicile sister to King Lewis his 3 wife mother to Children D. Iohn King D. Alphonso D. Martin who was King D. Leonora Queene of Castille D. SIBILLE FORTIA widow to Artolde Fosses his 4 wife by whom he had D. Isabel Countesse of Vrgel XIIII D. IOHN 1 of that name son to D. Pedro 4 in the yere 1387 and raigned 8 yeares D. MATTHEA daughter to the Earle of Armaignac D. Iames who dyed D. Ioane wife to Mathew of Castelbon Earle of Foix. D. VIOLANT second wife to D. Iohn mother to Children D. Violant wife to Lewis of Anjou mother to Lewis Rene. Iohn Duke of Calabria Nicholas Marquesse of Pont. Marguerite Queene of England Violant Duchesse of Lorraine Charles Earle of Mayne One sonne who dyed young XV. D. MARTIN brother to D. Iohn deceased for want of heires male by him succeeded by election of the Estates and by will to the realme of Arragon to the prejudice of D. Ioane Countesse of Foix and against her matrimoniall conuentions and the promises made by her father and grandfather to Mathew of Castelbon her husband D. MARIA de Luna was his first wife before he came to the Crowne by whom he had D. Martin who was King of Sicile and dyed before his father without any children D. MARGVERITE de Prades his 2 wife by whom he left no issue XVI D. FERDINAND first of that name brother to Henrie 3 king of Castille hee obtained the realme of Arragon by election of the Estates all other pretendants being rejected in the yeare 1412 and raigned about foure yeares D. LEONORA d' Albuquerque a Princesse of the bloud of Castille his wife mother to Children D. Alphonso King of Arragon D. Iohn King of Nauarre and Arragon D. Henrie Master of S. Iames in Castille D. Sancho Master of Alcantara D. Pedro. D. Marie Queene of Castille D. Leonora Queene of Portugall XVII D. ALPHONSO 5 of that name sonne to D. Ferdinand in the yere 1416 he raigned 42 yeares D. MARIE of Castille his wife but without children By concubines not named he had D. Ferdinand king of Naples D. Maria Marquesse of Ferrara D. Leonora Princesse of Rossano XVIII D. IOHN second of that name brother to king Alphonso fift for want of lawfull heires succeeded to the Realme of Arragon in the yeare 1458 and raigned one and twentie yeares and sixe moneths D. BLANCHE of Nauarre his first wife in whose right he was king of Nauarre and had by her three children D. Charles who died before his father and had these base children D. Philip Master of Montesa D. Iohn Bishop of Huesca D. Anne duchesse of Medina Celi D. Blanche Queene of Castille D. Leonora Queene of Nauarre D. Ioane daughter to D. Frederic Henriques Admirall of Castille his second wife mother to D. Ferdinand king of Arragon Castille Nauarre c. D. Ioane Queene of Naples By concubines whose names are vnknowne Bastards D. Alphonso Earle of Vilhermosa D. Iohn Archbishop of Saragosse D. Leonora Countesse of Lerin D. Ferdinand D. Maria. XIX D. FERDINAND second of that name sonne to king Iohn in the yeare 1479 he raigned 37 yeares in Arragon D. ISABEL Queene of Castille his wife by whom the realmes of Arragon and Castille were vnited D. Ioane mother to the Emperour Charles the fift The other children of D. Ferdinand and D. Isabel are mentioned in the Line of Castille D. GERMAINE second wife to king Ferdinand D. Iohn who died an infant The Vicountesse of Eboli a concubine mother to D. Alfonso of Arragon Arch-bishop of Saragosse Of another concubine D. Ioane of Arragon wife to D. Bernardin de Velasco Constable Of D. Tota of Bilbao a concubine D. Marie of Arragon a Nun. By a Portugall of the family of Pereira D. Marie of Arragon a Nun. Line of Cattelogne BERNARD Earle Duke and Marques of Spaine vnder Charles the great confirmed by Lewis the gentle gouerned Cattelogne about the yere 795. D. GEOFFREY d' Arria Earle of Barcelona vnder the French in the yeere 839. D. ALMIRA his wife a French woman mother to D. Geoffrey the hairie D. SALOMON Earle of
if his enterprise succeeded well it fell out according to his desire for he put his men secretly into the towne beeing ill guarded S. Iren taken 〈◊〉 Mores without discouerie and tooke it in the yeare 1147. on Saint Michaels day putting all that resisted to the sword and taking many prisoners Beeing returned to Coimbra and hauing giuen thankes vnto God for the fauour which he had done him hee performed his vow and built the Monasterie of Alâ—ouaça where he placed Monkes of the Order of Cisteaux for the loue of Saint Bernard who liued in those times After this conquest seeing that the Miralmumin of Affricke and Spaine was much troubled to defend himselfe against the faction of the Almohades he followed his good fortune and tooke from the Moores the castell of Mafra where he placed D. Fernand of Montezo for Gouernor who in succession of time was great Master of the Order of Auis of the profession of S. Benet which had its beginning during the life of this king of Portugall Hee tooke also from them the castell of Sintra and from thence came to lay seege to Lisbone where he was assisted by many knights of France England â—landers which came by sea and landed at Cascais then came they camped where as the Monasterie of S. Francis was since built the Kings armie beeing lodged where as Saint Vincent now stands which places were then without the circuit of the citty wals The cittie was so prest by these forces as after many dangerous assaults it was taken the Christians entring by the port of Alfama the 25. of October 1147. the seege hauing continued fiue whole moneths Many Knights and other strangers which were come to this warre desirous to employ themselues continually against the Infidels enemies of our faith Lisbone taken froÌ„ the Mores vowed neuer to returne into their countries but to remaine in Portugall who by the kings permission inhabited there and peopled Almada Villeuerda Arruda Zambuja Castagrera Lourinhan Ville franche and other places This cittie of Lisbone which since hath beene the chiefe of Portugall and the ornament of Spaine was purged by the bishops from the impieties of Mshumet and their great Mosquee made a Cathedrall church where as one Gilbert a stranger but of a holy life was made bishop and the king caused the Monasterie of S Vincent to be built in the same place where he had camped By means of this important conquest the king took also from the Mores Alanguer Obidos Torresuedras and many other places so as he dispossest them in this warre of all the counâ—â—ie which is called Extremadura and paâ—â—ing Tayo he extended him limits conquering Acaçar de Sal Ebora Yelbes Moura Serpa vnto Veja where he put the Moores which defended it to the sword for that during this seege other Moores hauing taken the towne of â—roncoso had vnpeopled it and chased away all the Christians that were within it King D. Alphonso Henriques did these goodly exploits Moores whilst that the Arabians were at war among themselues by reason of the factions of the Almorauides and Almohades the which was continued with such animositie as after many routes of either part on the one side the followers of Abdelmon and his companions Aben-Thumert and Almohaâ—â— not ceasing to vrge the new interpretatior of the law of Mahumet and to perswade the Affricans to poursue the race of the Almorauides as tyrannous and detayning the Soueraigntie of the Arabians vniustly and on the other side Albo-Ali Aben Tefin defending the royall Soueraigntie couragiously which he had receiued from his predecessors in the end the chiefe forces of both factions incountring in a bloudie battell End of Almorauides raigne in Affrick and toe beginning of the Almobades the Almorauides were vanquished and their King Albohali slaine vppon the place and the victors neuer ceased vntill they had ruined all the contrarie faction the soueraigne command remayning to the Almohades so as Abdelmon was chosen Miralmumin and king in the yeare of our redemption 1147. and of the Arabians Empire 530. the Almorauides Moores hauing raigned in Affricke about 79. yeares and 55. in Spaine The troubles of Affricke not presently pacified did so busie the new king Abdelmon as he had no meanes to prouide for the affaires of Spaine vntill the yeare 1150. during which time the Christian kings had leysure to do these exploytes Beside the which Arragon and Barcelone it is found that D. Raymond Berenger wonne the strong townes of Lerida and Fraga and D. Armingl Earle of Vrgel those of Alquarra Tamarit Litera and others D. Raymond Berenger changed the Bishoprickes of Roda and Barbastro to Lerida with the Popes approbation the first Prelat was D. William Pedro de Rayeta This Prince of Cattelogne beeing no lesse deuout to Monkes then others of his time gaue vnto the Monasterie of Escala Dei the towne of Alma in perpetuitie whereas the Monasterie of Oliue was built Hee intitled himselfe then Prince of Arragon Earle of Barcelone and Marquis of Torrose In the yeare 1150. Nauarre An. 1150 D. Garcia king of Nauarre died a Prince endowed with royal vertues Beeing prouoked by the daily mutinies of the Inhabitants of Pampelone to suppresse and punish them he went thitherward from Estelle and by the way stayed some little time at Lorca to hunt as he galloped through the woods and mountaines his horse stumbling fell with him in a narrow stonie place so as the king brake his leg and with-all was so brused as he dyed past all cure vpon the place hauing raigned sixteene yeares and some dayes His body was carried to Pampelone and interred in the Cathedrall Church with a royall pompe beeing the first of the kings of Nauarre which had bin 〈◊〉 there D. Sancho his son succeeded him the seuenth of that name surnamed the Wife This yeare D. Raymond Berenger continued to annoy the rest of the Moores Arragon and Barcelone whom he chased quite out of all the countrie which lyes betwixt Lerida and Sarragosse hauing dispossest them of the forts of Aytona Seros and Mechinesa this was when the Almohades began to shew themselues in Spaine The marriage betwixt Lewis the French King Castile called the young and Don Isabella daughter to the Emperour D. Alphonso of Castille and of D. Berenguela sister to the Earle D. Raymond was then treated of Beeing concluded some put a conceipt in the Kings head that D. Isabella was a bastard wherefore he came in person into Spaine vnder colour to go to Saint Iames but it was in truth to informe himselfe of the birth of D. Isabella and to see her where he found that she was the lawfull daughter of D. Alphonso Raymond and of D. Berenguelâ— his wife In this voyage king Lewis was receiued in the cittie of Burgos the royall seate of Castille with all the honors fit for such a king who in his returne came to Toledo where as he found the King or
armes captaines souldiers victuals ships and all other things necessary for the warre yet said hee all was of no moment wanting money which giues forme and essence to all enterprizes for that the crowne of England not onely by the small reuenues but also by the superfluity of their ordinary expences is growne into that want as they are not able to vndergoe any royall enterprise hauing scarce meanes to entertaine themselues for he that doth arrogate to much to his owne force and ouer-chargeth himselfe with warre is the instrument of his owne ruine Hauing hetherto shewed that it is easie for the Catholike King to inuade England in regard of it I will proue the facility thereof with greater reasons in regard of the Catholike Kings forces The first is the great power of the King of Spaine whose dominions doe imbrace the whole diameter of the globe and is Lord of more land then any Monarke or state in the world did euer hold A Prince rich in armes souldiars captaine shipping victuals and all other necessaty prouisions for warre A Prince who as Iudge and moderator seemes to gouerne the reines of the Empire of the sea and land The second is for the great nauy which hee hath ready which is not onely that which of late yeeres made the enterprise of Portugall but 150. more which hee hath gotten in that Kingdome which ioyned with the rest will breed admiration in all men and seeme to fill the sea with their multitudes The third that besides these ships and those which hee may haue in Biscay as faithfull to the crowne as expert in nauigation besides the ships of priuat men which his Maiesty hath in a readinesse he shall receiue no small seruice from his gallies who in the action of Portugall discouered our error in thinking that they were not of any vse in the Ocean sea at any time as if that sea were not calme in Sommer and that it were neuer to be failed in so as there is no doubt but our gallies may safely aduenture in those seas the three monthes in Sommer They that obiect Caesars wrack in the Brittish seas doe not remember that he himselfe doth not impute it to the sea but to the Moone which not only in the Ocean but in all other seas doth shew her power as the Meteoroligikes and experience doe teath The fourth that the Catholike King being Lord at sea by reason of his great fleet he will at the same instant bee Lord at land For hauing sufficient forces to vanquish the defences of the Island he shal with ease land his men and ouer-run the Island with his victorious armes for such is the condition of that Island that as soone as an enemy is entred and his army orderly lodged hee may cut off their victuals and famish the Islanders Fifthly for that by sea King Philip shall haue the fauor of them of Ireland who haue securely shewed themselues to adhere vnto him and by land there is no man doubts said he but that Scotland will assist him in his deseignes with all her meanes The sixth in order but the first to be considered is the Iustice and honesty of the cause the which carries so honorable a title as the defence of religion and the Catholike faith as nothing shal be able to hinder it yea his Maiesties pretensions said he are such to that realme and such is the duty which hee owes vnto the name which he carries of Catholike as there is no enterprise more due to him then this whereby he shal not only take possession of a realme which is his due but also hee shal purchase vnto himselfe immortall glory aboue all other Kings adding so rich and famous a Kingdom to that of Spaine The seuenth is the commodity of the passage knowing how short a cut it is from the Streight of Gibraltar to the Island and what great commodities grow by expedition and the ease of transportation of victuals soldiers artillery munition and al other prouision necessary for the enterprise The eight if King Philip makes warre against his enemy at his owne doores he shal fill England with feare and amazement and the approching danger will trouble all their counsels There is nothing more terrible then to see the sword that must be the murtherer of them and theirs The ninth for that said he his Catholike Maiesty had many partisans in that Island it importing much to haue some that fauor him among his enemies And to proue that he hath some at his deuotion in that Island I wil produce three reasons First the remembrance of his clemency which remaines yet in the hearts of those people and of his curtesie hauing sometimes gouerned them as their lawful Prince with so great satisfaction to them al in general as any other gouernment in respect of his should seeme tyranous The second reason is that of religion knowing that there are many in this Island which adhere to the Church of Rome The third is the riches of King Philip who in his large dominions hath so many commanderies pensions offices and rents to aduance men that shal deserue wel as it wil be easie for him to draw the hearts of the English vnto him Hauing thus shewed the reasons why the Catholike King should rather inuade England then the Low countries and with what facility it is to be performed I will said he to the end that nothing shal remaine vnsatisfied make answere to an ordinary obiection which is made by many vpon this subiect which is that the king of Spaine making an attempt against England he shal reuiue the emulation which hath beene betwixt him and the house of France which fire lying now smothered vnder the ashes of peace may kindle a great warre for if the French should remaine as spactators of this tragedy of England it might in the end turne to the preiudice of France whereby they conclude that the Christian King should be forced to ioyne with England least that hauing conquered that Island he should afterwards turne his forces vpon France which obiection notwithstanding he left vnsatisfied During this great preparation of three yeeres in Spaine which held all Europe in suspence the King of Spaine caused an ouerture of a peace to be made vnto the Queene of England onely as it seemed to abuse her with the imagination of a treaty and to make her neglect the defence of her realme who imbraced this proposition and sought to draw the vnited Prouinces into this treaty which they absolutly refused Notwithstanding the Queene desirous of a peace sent her Commissioners in February 1588. to Ostend and in March following there came others to Bruges from the Duke of Parma to treat with them in the King of Spaines name who these Commissionars were and what the successe of that treaty was I leaue to the Netherland History beeing but a fained shew of the Spaniard to winne time and to find England vnprouided the Queene of England seeing the