Complaints of master Thomas Candish Folio 14 Of master George Raymond ibid Company sicke 38. dismayed Folio 84 Losse of the Edward Cotton Folio 33. Clothes made in Coquimbo Folio 107 Crabby Cove Folio 84 Care of Currants Folio 33 D DEparture from Lyma Folio 103 Devises in sudden accidents Folio 76. Directions to be secret Folio 130 Discipline of the Spanish Folio 67 Cause of their prosperities ibid Discipline neglected by the English Folio 8 Pried into by the Spaniards Folio 134 And by them imitated ibid Vse of Discoueries Folio 1 Discouery on the coast to be avoyded Folio 100 The Dolphin Folio 42 Sir Francis Drake vpon the sothermost part of the world Folio 9â— Providence of the Dutch â—7 Ducks Folio 74 E ELizabeths Bay  Disvse of Engines of Antiquitie Folio 143 The English carry vp their flag Folio 20 English Authours of Sea Disâ—ipline Folio 8 Carelesnesse of the English Folio 127 Exchange of trifles Folio 98 Of sheepe ibid Exercise alwayes necessary Folio 26 F Ed Fenton Folio 85 Iuan Fernandes Folio 100 Danger of Fier 39. By heating of Pitch ibid. By taking Tobacco ibid. By Candle light ibid. By hooping and scutling Folio 40 By nature of waters ibid Strange tree in Fiero Folio 25 Beginning of the Spanish Fight 126. Their intertainment Folio 122 The English 75. The Spanish 130 ibid. pay deere for their rashnes 135. Take a new resolution Folio 1â—6 Flying fishes Folio 44 French and English salute Folio 20 French surprised Folio 57 To know wholsome fruits Folio 55 Fuego Folio 29 End of Fugitiues Folio 135 G GAnnetts Folio 54 God propitions Folio 84 Therefore praised ibid One Shippe and some Gold taken Folio 101 Euery shower a shower of Gold ibid. S R Greenfild at Flores Folio 10 Guls. Folio 73 Deceit of the Gunner Folio 127 H MAster Thomas Hampton Folio 20 Annoyances in Harbours Folio 51 Vse of Havas purgativas Folio 55 Master Wil Hawkins Folio 86 Hawkins Mayden-â—and Folio 70 Helm-man Folio 54 I SAint Iago 29. sacked ibid S. Iames Ilands Folio 54 The Iesus of Lubeck Folio 3 Ienero Folio 77.59 Vnwholsome Ilands 27 Their heat ibid. The breze ibid. The best remedie Folio 28 Inconvenience of Imprests Folio 15 Their true vse Folio 16 Indians howsing 63. and manner of sleeping ibid Indians apparrell Folio 98 Indians poligamy Folio 63 Indians trechery Folio 97 Indians foresight Folio 81 Indians industry 57. dismissed 123. led by a Mulato Folio 124 Consequence of Instructions Folio 17 Isla Graund Folio 60 Planting of Iuca Folio 62 By women ibid L VNknowne Land Folio 69 Care of approch ibid New devise for stopping Leakes without Bourd Folio 104 Best time to paâ—se the Lyne Folio 48 M Madera Folio 24 Who to be accounted a Mariner Folio 128 His knowledge ibid. and materials ibid. for navigation ibid The Mariners revenge Folio 43 Wilfulnesse of Mariners Folio 100 S. Maries Folio 100 Care of the Master Folio 53 Vnskilfulnesse of the Masters Mate Folio 52 Fittest places of meeting Folio 17 Mocha Folio 96 Monkies Parrots Folio 31 Influence of the Moone Folio 28 Mutinies how to be winked at Folio 94 Vnadvisednesse of the multitude Folio 126 O OBiections resolved Folio 141 Office of a Master Folio 129 Of a Pilot. ibid Of the Boteswaine ibid Of the Steward ibid Of the Carpenter ibid Of the Gunner Folio 130 Lawes of Oloron Folio 111 Vertue of Oranges Folio 52 Beds of Oreweed Folio 70 P MOdestie of Sir Hen Palmer Folio 8 Patience of the Earle of Nottingham Folio 93 Parts requisite in a Comâ—â—nder at Sea Folio 8 The Palmito Folio 29.55 Palmito Iland Folio 59 Pearles Folio 88 Iland of Pengwins Folio 72 Described ibid Hunting of Pengwins Folio 73 Kept for store ibid Care of the Pentagones Folio 63 King Philips comming into England Folio 21 Pilats Fishes Folio 44 Challenging of pillage Folio 110 Prevention of vndue pillage Folio 113 What to be reputed pillage Folio 112 Placentia Folio 30 The Plaintaiâ— Folio 30 Dutie of Pynaces Folio 24 Pynace lost Folio 13 Porke good foure yeare old Folio 96 Danger of open Ports Folio 5 Providence of God Folio 53 Corrupt or scantie ProvisioÌ„s Folio 109 Provisions better provided at Pliâ—â—â—outh Folio 5 Puerto Viejo Folio 122 Puma Folio 121 Purgatiues Folio 5â— Purflain Folio 55 Q. BAy of Quintera Folio 105 R. PRevention of Ratts Folio 89 Calamities they bring ibid Long Reach Folio 81 The Repentance Folio 3 Reasons of returne dangerous Folio 87 The Revenge Folio 2 Spare Râ—dders Folio 105 Runnawayes Folio 68 S SAbboth reserved for holy exercises Folio 27 Sailes of Cotton cloth Folio 102 Ilands of Salomon Folio 1â—0 Arrivall at Santos Folio 49 Forbidden to trade Folio 50 Pedro Sarmiento Folio 71 The Scurvy 35. The signes ibid The causes ibid Seething Meat in Salt water Folio 36 Corruption of Victuall ibid Vapours of the Sea ibid The remedies By Dyet ibid By Shift ibid By labour ibid By early eating and drinking ibid. By sower Oranges and Lemmons ibid By Doctor Stevens water ibid By oyle of â—itry ibid By ayre of the Land ibid Abuses of Sea-faring men Folio 14 Seales Folio 75 Setting the Ship vpon a Rocke 83. diligence to free it ibid Shething of Ships Folio 78 In Spaine and Portingall Folio 79 With double Plankes ibid. With Canvas ibidem With burnt Planks ibid With Varnish in Chiâ—â— ibid In England Folio 80 Best manner of Shething Folio 80 The Sharke Folio 43 What requisit in Shipping Folio 2 The honour of his Maiesties Ships Folio 20 Ships of trade Folio 138 The Prince his Ships ibid All Ships of warre are not to be low built Folio 139 Foure Ships taken Folio 10â— Dutie of a small Ship against a greater Folio 141 Shooting at Sea 19. Mischances therevpon ensuing ibid Sloth cause of fancies Folio 82 Care of sounding Folio 32 Spanish discipline Folio 132.133.134 Spanish officers Folio 134 Spanish Admirall commeth to Leeward Folio 131 Spaniards parley Folio 134 Inexperience of the Spaniards Folio 126. Weaknesse of the Spaniards Folio 9 Vain-glory of the Spaniards Folio 142 Severitie of Spaine Folio 144 Care of Steerage Folio 53 Exquisite in the Spaniards and Portingals ibid The Straights Folio 70 Second peopling of the Straights Folio 76. South part of the Straights Ilands Folio 95 Effects of courage in Stormes Folio 10 A cruell Storme Folio 99 Birds like Swans 68. how caught good refreshment Folio 69 Swearing remedied Folio 41 T DEscription of Tenerif Folio 25 The Thunderbolt of London Folio 3. Tobias Cove Folio 83 Concealement hindereth Trading Folio 113 Point Tremontame Folio 70 Entertainment of Time Folio 88 V CAptaine Vavisor Folio 10 Importance of a small Vessell Folio 100. Place of Vice-admirall Folio 9 Considerations for Voyages Folio 4 Voyages overthrowne by pretences Folio 95 Overthrow of the Voyage Folio 66 The cause ibid Infidelitie ibid W ORder of the Flemish Wafters Folio 8. Deteyning of Wages Folio 110 Warehouses sacked Folio 101 Obiection of wast Folio 78 answered ibid
traversing and mounting yea greater security of the Artillery and consequently of the ship For the longer the peece is the greater is the retention of the fire and so the torment and danger of the peece the greater But here will be contradiction by many that dare avouch that longer peeces are to be preferred for that they burne their powder better and carrie the shott further and so necessarily of better execution whereas the short Artillery many times spends much of their powder without burning and workes thereby the slenderer effect To which I answere that for Land service Fortes or Castles the long peeces are to bee preferred but for shipping the shorter are much more serviceable And the powder in them being such as it ought will be all fiered long before the shott can come forth and to reach farre in fights at sea is to little effect For hee that purposeth to annoy his Enemie must not shoote at randome nor at point blanke if hee purpose to accomplish with his devoire nether must he spend his shott nor powdâ—r but where a pot-gun may reach his contrary how much the neerer so much the better and this duely executed the short Artillery will worke its effect as well as the long otherwise neither short nor long are of much importance but here my meaning is noâ— to approue the overshort peeces devised by some persons which at every shott they make daunce out of their cariages but those of indifferent length and which keepe the meane betwixt seaven and eight foote SECT XLVII THe entertainement wee gaue vnto our contraries being otherwise then was expected they fell off ranged a head having broken in peeces all our gallerie and presently they cast about vpon vs and being able to keepe vs company with their fighting sayles lay a weather of vs ordinarily within Musket shott playing continually with them and their great Artillerie which we endured and answered as we could Our Pinnace engaged her selfe so farre as that before shee could come vnto vs the Vice-admirall had like to cut her off and comming to lay vs aboord and to enter her men the Vice-admirall boorded with her so that some of our company entred our ship over her bow-sprit as they themselues reported We were not a little comforted with the fight of our people in safetie within our shippe for in all wee were but threescore and fifteene men and boyes when we began to fight and our Enemies thirteene hundred men and boyes little more or lesse and those of the choise of Peru. SECT LVIII HEere it shall not be out of the way to discourse a little of the Spanish Discipline and manner of their governement in generall which is in many things different to ours In this expedition came two Generals the one Don Beltran de Castro who had the absolute authoritie and commaund The other Michael Angell Filipon a man well in yeares and came to this preferment by his long and painefull service who though he had the title of Generall by sea I thinke it was rather of courtesie then by Pattent and for that hee had beene many yeares Generall of the south Sea for the carriage and waâ—tage of the silver from Lyma to Panama Hee seemed to bee an assistant to supply that with his counsell advice and experience whereof Don Beltran had never made tryall for hee commanded not absolutely but with the confirmation of Don Beltran for the Spaniards neuer giue absolute authoritie to more then one A custome that hath beene and is approoued in all Empires Kingdomes Common-wealthes and Armies rightly disciplined the mixture hath been seldome seene to prosper as will manifestly appeare if we consider the issue of all actions and iourneys committed to the government of two or more generally The famous victory of Hanniball against the Romane Consuls Paulus Emillius and Terrentius Varro was attributed to their equality of government The vnhappie ouerthrow giuen by the Turke Amurate to the Christian Princes in the Iourney of Nicapolis is held to haue proceeded from the difference betwixt the Heads euery one leaning to his owne opinion The ouerthrow in recouerie of the Holy land vndertaken by King Richard of England and King Philip of France sprang from the like differences and dissentions The victory of the Emperour Charles the fifth against the Protestant Princes of Germanie is imputed to their distractures arising from parity in command If we looke into our owne actions committed to the charge of two Generals thâ— effects and fruits which they haue brought forth for the most part will be found to be little better yea most of them through emulation envie and pride overthrowne and brought to nought though to couer their confusions there haue neuer beene wanting cloakes and colours The most approoved writers reprooue and call it a monster with two heads and not without reason For if the Monarchy be generally approoued for strongest soundest and most perfect and most sufficient to sustaine it selfe And the Democracie and Aristocracie vtterly reprooued as weake feeble and subiect to innovations and infirmities it cannot be but errour confusion and imperfection to differ or dissent from it For where the supreame government is divided betwixt two or more the Authoritie is diminished and so looseth his true force as a fagget of stickes whose bond being broken the entire strength is easily dissolued but all vnder correction The Spaniards in their Armadoes by Sea imitate the discipline order and officers which are in an Army by land and divide themselues into three bodies to wit Souldiers Marriners and Gunners Their Souldiers ward and watch and their officers in every Shippe round as if they were on the shoare this is the only taske they vndergoe except cleaning their Armes wherein they are not ouer curious The Gunners are exempted from all labour and care except about the Artillery And these are either Almaynes Flemmings or strangers for the Spaniards are but indifferently practised in this Art The Marriners are but as slaues to the reâ—t to moyle and to toyle day and night and those but few and bad and not suffered to sleepe or harbour themselues vnder the deckes For in faire or fowle weather in stormes sunne or raine they must passe voyde of couert or succour There is ordinarily in every shippe of Warre a Captaine whose charge is as that of our Masters with vs and alâ—o a Captaine of the Souldiers who commandeth the Captaine of the Shippe the Souldiers Gunners and Marriners in her yea though there be diuers Captaines with their companies in one shippe which is vsuall amongst them yet one hath the supreme authoritie and the residue are at his ordering and disposing They haue their Mastros de Campo Seargeant Master Generall or Captaine of the Artillery with their Assere Maior and all other officers as in a Campe. If they come to fight with another Armado they order themselues as in a
we might discry the hull of a Ship beaten vpon the Beach It was of the Spanish Fleete that went to inhabite there in Anno 1582. vnder the charge of Pedro Sarmiento who at his returne was taken Prisoner and brought into England In this Bay the Spaniards made their principall habitation and called it the Cittie of Saint Philip and left it peopled But the cold barrennes of the Countrie and the malice of the Indians wiâ—h whom they badly agreed made speedie end of them as also of those whom they left in the middle of the Straites three leagues from Cape Froward to the East-wards in another habitation We continued our course alongst this reach for all the Straites is as a River altering his course sometimes vpon one poynt sometimes vpon another which is some eight Leagues long and lyeth West North-west From this we entred into a goodly Bay which runneth vp into the land Northerly many Leagues and at first entrance a man may see no other thing but as it were a maine Sea From the end of this first reach you must direct your course West South-west and some foureteene or fifteene leagues lyeth one of the narrowest places of all the Straites This leadeth vnto another reach that lyeth west and by north some six leagues Here in the middle of the reach the wind tooke vs by the north-west and so we were forced to anchor some two or three dayes In which time we went a shore with our Boates and found neere the middle of this reach on the Star-boord side a reasonable good place to ground and trimme a small Ship where it higheth some nine or ten foote water Here we saw certaine Hogges but they were so farre from vs that wee could not discerne if they were of those of the Countrie or brought by the Spaniards these were all the Beasts which we saw in all the time we were in the Straites In two tydes we turned through this reach and so recovered the Ilands of Pengwins they lye from this reach foure leagues South-west and by west Till you come to this place care is to be taken of not comming too neere to any poynt of the Land for being for the most part sandie they haue sholding off them and are somewhat what dangerous These Ilands haue beene set forth by some to be three we could discover but two And they are no more except that part of the Mayne which lyeth over against them be an Iland which carrieth little likelihood and I cannot determine it A man may sayle betwixt the two Ilands or betwixt them and the Land on the laâ—boord side from which land to the bigger Iland is as it were a bridge or ledge on which is foure or fiue fathome water and to him that commeth neere it not knowing thereof may iustly cause feare for it sheweth to be shold water with his rypling like vnto a race Betwixt the former reach and these Ilands runneth vp a goodly Bay into the Country to the North-wards It causeth a great indraught and aboue these Ilands runneth a great tide from the mouth of the Straites to these Ilands the land on the larboord-side is low land and sandy for the most part and without doubt Ilands for it hath many openings into the Sea and forcible indraughts by them and that on the starboord side is all high mountaynous land from end to end but no wood on eyther side Before wee passed these Ilands vnder the lee of the bigger Iland we anchored the wind being at North-east with intent to refresh our selues with the fowles of these Ilands They are of divers sorts and in great plentie as Pengwins wilde Ducks Gulles and Gannets of the principall we purposed to make provision and those were the Pengwins which in Welsh as I haue beene enformed signifieth a white head From which derivation and many other Welsh denominations given by the Indians or their predecessors some doe inferre that America was first peopled with Welsh-men and Motezanna King or rather Emperour of Mexico did recount vnto the Spaniards at their first comming that his Auncestors came from a farre Countrie and were white people Which conferred which an auncient Cronicle that I haue read many yeares since may bee coniectured to bee a Prince of Wales who many hundreth yeares since with certaine shippes sayled to the westwards with intent to make new discoveries Hee was never after heard of The Pengwin is in all proportion like vnto a Goose and hath no feathers but a certaine doune vpon all parts of his body and therefore cannot flie but avayleth himselfe in all occasions with his feete running as fast as most men He liveth in the Sea and on the Land feedeth on fish in the Sea and as a Goose on the shore vpon grasse They harbour themselues vnder the ground in burrowes as the Connies and in them hatch their young All parts of the Iland where they haunted were vndermined saue onely one valley which it seemeth they reserved for their foode for it was as green as any Medowe in the moneth of Aprill with a most fine short grasse The flesh of these Pengwins is much of the savour of a certaine fowle taken in the Ilands of Lundey and Silley which wee call Puffins by the tast it is easily discerned that they feede on fish They are very fatt and in dressing must be flead as the Byter they are reasonable meate rosted baked or sodden but best rosted We saltâ—d some dozen or 16. hogsheads which served vs whilest they lasted in steede of powdred beefe The hunting of them as we may well terme it was a great recreation to my Company and worth the sight for in determining to catch them necessarily was required good store of people every one with a cudgell in his hand to compasse them round about to bring them as it were into a ring if they chanced to breake out then was the sport for the ground being vndermined at vnawares it fayled and as they ran after them one fell here another there another offering to strike at one lifting vp his hand sunke vpp to the arme pits in the earth another leaping to avoyd one hole fell into another And after the first slaughter in seeing vs on the shore they shunned vs and procured to recover the Sea yea many times seeing themselues persecuted they would tumble downe from such high rocks mountaines as it seemed impossible to escape with life Yet as soone as they came to the beach presently wee should see them runne into the Sea as though they had no hurt Where one goeth the other followeth like sheepe after the Bel-wether but in getting them once within the ring close together few escaped saue such as by chance hid themselues in the borrowes and ordinarily there was no droue which yeelded vs not a thousand and more the maner of killing them which the hunters vsed being in a cluster together was with their cudgels to
proverbe to bee falsely founded for that it was not to bee vnderstood that for erring it is better but because it is supposed that by hitting a man shall get emulation of the contradictors I encounâ—ered it with another that sayth better to be envied then pittied and well considering that being out of the Harbour if the winde tooke vs contrary to goe to Elizabeth Bay was better then to bee in the Port for a man must of force warpe in and out of it and in the time that the Shippe could be brought foorth into the Channell the winde being good a man might come from Elizabeth Bay to the Port and that there we should haue the wind first being more to the East-wardes and in an open Bay and moreover might set sayle in the night if the wind should rise in the Evening or in the Night whereas in the Port of force we must waite the light of the Day I made my selfe deafe to all murmurings and caused my commaund to be put in execution and doubtlesse it was Gods gracious inspiration as by the event was seene for being gotten into the Channell within an houre the winde came good and we sayled merrily on our Voyage and by the breake of the day wee had the mouth oâ— the Straites open and about foure of the Clocke in the afternoone wee were thwart of Cape Desire which is the westermost part of the Land on the Souther side of the Straites SECT XXXVIII HEre such as haue command may behold the many miseries that befall them not onely by vnexpected Accidents and mischances but also by contradictions and murmurs of their owne people of all calamities the greatest which can befall a man of discretion and valour and as difficult to be overcome for to require reason of the common sort is as the Philosopher sayth To seeke Counsell of a madd man Herein as I sayd before they resemble a stiffe necked Horse who taking the bridle in his teeth carrieth the rider whether he pleaseth so once possessed with any imagination no reason is able to convince them The best remedie I can propound is to wish our Nation in this poynt to be well advised and in especiall all those that follow the Sea ever having before their eyes the auncient Discipline of our Predecessors who in conformitiâ— and obedience to their Chiefes and Commanders haue beene a mirror to all other Nations with patience silence and suffering putting in execution what they haue beene Commanded and thereby gained the blessings due to such vertues and leaving to posteritie perpetuall memories of their glorious Victories A iust recompence for all such as Conquer themselues and subiect their most specious willes to the will of their Superiors SECT XXXIX IN apprehension whereof at land I cannot forbeare the Discipline thereof as at this day and in the dayes of late memory it hath beene practised in the States of Flaunders Fraunce and Brittayne wherâ— as the Spaniards Wallons Switzers and other Nations are daily full of murmurings and mutenies vpon every sleight occasion The like I also wish should be imitated by those who follow the Sea that is that those who are subiect to Command presume no further then to that which belongeth vnto them Qui nescit parere nescit imperare I speake this for that I haue sometimes seene vnexpert and ignorant persons yea vnable to iudge of any poynt appertaining to government or the guide of a Shippe or company of men presuming vpon their fine witts and enamored of their owne concâ—its contradict and dispute against graâ—e wise and experimented Governours many forward fellowes thinking themselues better worthie to command then to be commanded Such persons I advise not to goe but where they may command or els looking before they leapt to consider well vnder whom they place themselues seeing for the most part it is in their choyce to choose a Governour from whom they may expect satisfaction but choyce being once made to resolue with the patient wife in History That that day wherein shee married her selfe to an husband that very day shee had no longer any will more then the will of her husband And so he that by Sea or Land placeth himselfe to serue in any action must make reckoning that the time the iourney endureth he hath no other will nor dispose of himselfe then that of his Commander for in the Governors hand is all power to recompence and reward to punish or forgiue Likewise those who haue charge and Command must sometimes with patience or sufferance overcome their fury and misconceits according to occasions for it is a great poynt of wisedome especially in a generall murmuring where the cause is iust or that as often times it happeneth any probable accident may divert the minds of the discontented and giue hope of remedie or future event may produce Repentance to turne as they say the deafe eare and to winke at that a man seeth As it is saâ—d of Charles the fifth Emperour of Germany and King of Spaine who rounding his Campe one night disguised heard some Souldiers rayle and speake evill of him those which accompanied him were of opinion that he should vse some exemplary punishment vpon them not so sayth he for these now vexed with the miseries they suffer ease their hearts with their tongues but if occasion present it selfe they will not sticke to sacrifice their liues for my safetie A resolution worthy so prudent a Commander and so magnanimous a Prince The like is written of Fabius Maximus the famous Romayne who endured the attribute of Coward with many other infamies rather then he would hazard the safetie of his Countrie by rash and incertaine provocations No lesse worthy of perpetuall memory was the prudent pollicie and government of our English Navie in Anno 1588. by the worthy Earle of Nottingham Lord high Admirall of England who in like case with mature and experimented knowledge patiently withstood the instigations of many Couragious and Noble Captaines who would haue perswaded him to haue laid them aboord but well he foresaw that the enemy had an Armie aboord he none that they exceeded him in number of Shipping and those greater in Bulke stronger built and higher molded so that they who with such advantage fought from aboue might easily distresse all opposition below the slaughter peradventure prooving more fatall then the victory profitable by being overthrowne he might haue hazzarded the Kingdome whereas by the Conquest at most he could haue boasted of nothing but Glorie and an enemie defeated But by sufferance he alwayes advantaged himselfe of winde and tide which was the freedome of our Countrey and securitie of our Navie with the destruction of theirs which in the eye of the ignorant who iudge all things by the externall appearance seemed invincible but truely considered was much inferior to ours in all things of substance as the event prooved for we sunke spoyled and tooke of them many and they diminished