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A50828
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The present state of Denmark. By Guy Miege, author of the New cosmography, or survey of the whole world.
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Miege, Guy, 1644-1718?
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1683
(1683)
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Wing M2024; ESTC R214182
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71,445
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167
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raised upon the Subjects by the name of Danegelt Till at last King Ethelred weary of these Exactions and willing to shake them off plotted with his Subjects to kill all the Danes as they slept in their Beds Which Plot took effect according to expectation on St. Brice's night Nov. 12. Anno 1012. Sueno was then King of Denmark to which Crown he added Norway by Conquest He being a right Valiant Prince heard no sooner of the Nocturnal Exploit of the English but he prepared a mighty Fleet in order to revenge so great an Outrage and Dishonour done to his Nation He came over himself with his Fleet unto England and the dreadful noise of his Approach compelled King Ethelred to fly Away he goes into Normandy leaving his poor Subjects to the Mercy of a cruel Invader who breathed nothing but Revenge The Danes having thus by the Valour and good fortune of Sueno their King recovered their Power in England obtained at last the Kingdom in the Person of his younger Son Canute A Temperate Prince and who did really deserve the Title of Great Besides the Crown of England he got the Kingdoms of Denmark and Norway upon the Decease of his Brother Olaus and conquered that of Sweden Thus he was King of England Denmark Norway and Sweden But unhappily for his Posterity he opened a way to their Exclusion from the Crown of England when he sent back his Danish Forces into their Country A very Impolitick Act as if a Kingdom got by Force could be held by Favour 'T is true he reigned twenty Years and at his Death left the Crown of England to Harold his base Son But then the Danes Interest here grew so weak that in less than seven years this Crown returned to the Saxon Line For King Harold reigned but four years and died without Issue To whom succeeded his Brother Hardy Canute King of Denmark who reigned here but about two Years and was the last King of the Danish Race in England Thus the Danes had here in all but three Kings of their Nation viz. Canute the Great and his two Sons Harold and Hardy Canute who reigned here all three but about 26 years To Hardy Canute succeeded his half Brother Edward surnamed the Confessor the seventh Son of Ethelred by Emma his Queen Goodwine Earl of Kent being the main Instrument in setting him up The Saxon Line being thus re-inthroned we must now follow the Danes into Denmark and take a view of their Transactions in the North. Canute the Second aforesaid had a Sisters Son called Sueno who was his next Successor but one in Denmark This Sueno restored the Kingdom of Norway to the Norvegians But it was again united to Denmark in the Reign of Aquin King of Norway by his Marriage with Margaret Daughter of Waldemar the Third King of Denmark that is above three hundred Years ago In which State it has continued ever since Aquin being dead his Widow Queen Margaret took up the Reins of the Government And not being contented with two Crowns she ventured them to get that of Sweden as a Crown that had gone away from her Ancestors and that by course should have fallen to the share of her Husband Albert of Mecklemburg was then King of Sweden This Semiramis of the North challenges him as an Usurper raises an Army against him fights him routs his Army and takes the King Prisoner So that Albert was fain to resign his Crown to Margaret as her due This brave Queen having thus united the three Kingdoms under her Command caused an Act of State to be passed in Calmar one of the chief Towns in Sweden for the Perpetuation of this Union unto her Successors the Law and Privileges of each Kingdom continuing as before they were Her immediate Successor was Eric Duke of Pomeren her own Sisters Son Him she adopted for her next Heir and he was accordingly chosen in her life time King of the three Kingdoms into which he succeeded actually after her Decease Anno 1422. Having reigned about 27 years he resigned his Kingdoms Anno 1439. This Resignation was followed by an Anarchy which lasted six years At last viz. Anno 1445 Christopher Count Palatine of the Rhine and Nephew of Eric being the Son of Margaret his Sister was chosen by the joynt Consent of all the States of these Kingdoms He reigned but three years and died without Issue Whereupon the Swedes grown weary of the Danish Government broke the foresaid Agreement made at Calmar and chose a King of their own The Danes on the other side considering the great Advantage they had got by the Addition of Norway pitched upon Adolph Duke of Sleswick and Earl of Holstein for the next Successor that they might get in those Estates to their Kingdoms But he excused himself by reason of his Age and want of Children and commended to them Christiern Earl of Oldenburg his Nephew and next Heir who was accordingly chosen An. 1448. Adolph dying some years after King Christiern succeeded him in the Estates of Holstein and Sleswick continuing ever since united unto that Crown And from this Christiern the Succession was hitherto continued in his Line As for the Crown of Sweden 't is true the Danes recovered it in the time of the said Christiern For Charles Canute King of Sweden whom the Swedes had chosen on the Death of Christopher King of Denmark and Sweden being upon discontent fled to Dantzick where he ended his days Christiern was called in by a Party of the Swedes and crowned King of Sweden But he was outed again under colour that he had not kept Conditions with them Christiern dying Anno 1482. his Son John succeeded him and the Swedes then overpowred by the Moscovites received him as their King But their turn being served they expelled him also To John succeeded Anno 1513. his Son Christiern the Second the Nero of the North who recovered once more the Crown of Sweden But he used his Subjects so insolently at home and his Victory in Sweden so cruelly that he was driven out of Denmark by his Uncle Frederick and out of Sweden by Gustave Eric descended from the ancient Kings of Sweden Thus the Danes recovered no less than three times the Crown of Sweden till they were utterly dispossessed of it by the foresaid Eric Anno 1523 in whose House it has continued ever since And such is the Vicissitude of humane Affairs that whereas in former Ages the Crown of Sweden was subject to Denmark in this our Age that of Denmark was twice reduced to such straits by the Swedes that the whole Kingdom of Denmark was in a manner confined within the Walls of Copenhagen and then in the greatest Distress imaginable All which hapned within the compass of four years viz. in the years 1657. 1658. 1659. 1660 under the late Reigns of Charles the Ninth King of Sweden and of Frederic the Third King of Denmark The History of which Wars you will find accurately written by Sir
improved the University of Copenhagen and was a great Admirer of the Learned but especially of Tycho Brahe Sophia his Queen was Daughter of Ulric Duke of Mecklemburg He got by her three Sons and four Daughters His eldest Son Christiern succeeded him but Ulric and John died young and without Issue His eldest Daughter Elizabeth was second Wise to Henry-Julius Duke of Brunswick Ann was given in Marriage to James King of Great Brittain Hedwige to Christiern the Second Elector of Saxony and Augusta to John Adolph Duke of Holstein Christiern IV Son of Frederick the Second Brother of Ann Queen of Great Brittain and Knight of the Garter succeeded his Father at the Age of twelve Years Four Counsellors were appointed to be Regents during his Minority and he was not crowned till the year 1596. In the Month of July Anno 1606 he came over into England to visit the King and Queen He had been long expected when at last News were brought to Court that he was come with eight Ships into the River of Thames and that he anchored before Gravesend This hapned on the seventeenth of July and the next day King James with Prince Henry and divers of the Lords went by Barge to meet this Royal Guest and bring him up to London Where he stayed about four Weeks being entertained all that while with all the Magnificence that could be imagined Both Kings did ride in great state through the City there being Pageants erected in many Places He was shewed the chief Places about the Town as the Royal Exchange the Tower the Monuments at Westminster and that he might have a full Prospect of the City and Suburbs he went to the top of Pauls No manner of Pastime was omitted to divert so welcome a Guest and the Earl of Salisbury feasted him at Theobalds four days together At last on the twelfth of August being conducted by the King the Queen and Prince with many other great Lords he departed to his Ships and arrived in eight days at home In July 1614. he came the second time into England but Incognito and with a small Company The Queen was surprised to see him arrived at Somerset House before she knew any thing of his Coming King James was then in Progress in Bedfordshire who heard no sooner of it but he came back He admired his Frankness as well as his Affection and thanked him heartily for both In return whereof he regalled him with all the possible Marks of Kindness and Gratitude And King Christiern returned Aug. 1 extreamly satisfy'd with his Entertainment A rare thing to see Princes converse together with so much Freedom and not kept asunder with Jealousies of State Anno 1610. King Christiern made War against Sweden In the year 1625. the Protestants of Germany made him Head of the League against the Emperour Ferdinand the Second for the Restauration of Count Palatine of the Rhine to his Estates But he was suddenly beat out of all Jutland by the prevailing Imperialists till he compounded the Business upon very good Terms and was restored to all his own Afterwards he turned his Arms against the Swedes in the year 1644 who got several Places from him but the Peace put a stop to their Conquests He reigned sixty years and died at 70 years of age Ann Catharine his Queen was Daughter of Joachim Frederick Elector of Brandenburg He got by her amongst other Children Christiern and Frederick Christiern was chosen King of Denmark in his Fathers life-time He was a very hopeful Prince but unhealthy so that he died before his Royal Father going to drink some Waters in Saxony His Death made room for Frederick III second Son of Christiern the Fourth He was Archbishop of Bremen in Saxony before he came to the Crown upon the Death of his Royal Father and not long after the decease of Christiern his elder Brother who as I said before was King elect This is that magnanimous Prince who by his invincible Constancy has not long since redeemed this Crown from the hands of the Swedes This is that Frederick whose late Calamities served only to set off the greatness of his Courage And as if the same Rules of Providence were appointed for the Royal Families of England and Denmark whilst King Frederick was struggling for his Crown with the Swedes the late Usurpers here kept the Crown from King Charles And as it was their fortune to suffer both together so they had the Comfort to be both the same Year restored to their Dominions 'T is true King Frederick was fain to part with some of the best Jewels of his Crown But that Loss whatever it is is not Irrecoverable and has already been sufficiently made up on the part of his Subjects by their deep sense of Gratitude in making his Crown Hereditary which formerly was but Elective On the 18th of October 1643 some years before he came to the Crown he married with the Lady Sophia Aemilia of Luneburg by whom he got 1. Christiern V now King of Denmark a Prince of a warlike and generous Temper He was born Apr. 18. 1646 and has got Issue by Queen Charlotte his Royal Consort a Princess of the most Ancient and Illustrious House of Hassia Cassel in Germany 2. Prince George born in the year 1653. Whose Royal Birth and Princely Qualifications as well as other Regards have made him in our King's Judgment a proper Match for the Lady Ann. The Solemnity of which Marriage is at hand 3. Anna Sophia married to John George Elector of Saxony 4. Frederica Aemilia married in the Year 1667. to Christiern Albert Duke of Holstein Gottorp 5. Guilliemetta-Ernestina married in the Year 1671. to Count Palatine of the Rhine 6. Vlrica-Eleonora-Sabina married to the present King of Sweden Charles XI The Titles of the King of Denmark run thus Christiern the Fifth by the Grace of God King of Denmark and Norway of the Vandals and Goths Duke of Sleswick Holstein Stormaren and Dithmarsen Count of Oldenburg and Delmenhorst c. His Arms are Quarterly 1. Or three Lions passant Vert crowned of the first for the Kingdom of Denmark 2. Gules a Lion rampant Or crowned and armed of the first in his paws a Dansk Hatchet Argent for the Kingdom of Norway What Arms belong to him as Duke of Holstein and Sleswick and Earl of Oldenburg I am as yet to seek Lastly to omit nothing that may be essential to this our present Subject I must give some Account of the Dukes of Holstein as being of the Blood-Royal of Denmark and accordingly holding several Estates of that Crown in Holstein The House of Holstein is generally divided into three principal Branches The King of Denmark is the Head of the first Branch and the standing Protector of the Princes of the House of Holstein The other two Branches are that of Holstein Gottorp and that of Holstein Sunderburg The Branch of Holstein Gottorp so called from Gottorp a Castle near Sleswick in Holstein began with Adolph