dover_n and_o the_o dutch_a fleet_n put_v out_o in_o like_a manner_n upon_o the_o north-east_n sea_n and_o fight_v the_o spanish_a fleet_n in_o the_o down_n it_o be_v true_a that_o sir_n john_n pennington_n who_o then_o command_v the_o english_a guard_n endeavour_v to_o hinder_v they_o from_o sight_v so_o near_o the_o port_n to_o the_o disturbance_n of_o the_o security_n and_o protection_n of_o they_o and_o trouble_v the_o commerce_n and_o intercourse_n of_o the_o king_n liege_n and_n ally_n but_o no_o complaint_n make_v either_o then_o or_o afterward_o of_o the_o two_o fleet_n of_o war_n enter_v the_o sea_n aforesaid_a parcel_n of_o the_o dominion_n and_o territory_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n without_o a_o special_a licence_n first_o ask_v and_o obtain_v and_o it_o will_v be_v time_n misspend_v to_o recount_v how_o often_o either_o spaniard_n french_a or_o dutch_a have_v enter_v these_o sea_n with_o arm_a fleet_n and_o convoy_n as_o their_o occasion_n oblige_v they_o free_o without_o leave_n and_o without_o control_n i_o speak_v not_o here_o of_o the_o private_a notice_n and_o intimation_n which_o one_o prince_n may_v in_o friendly_a manner_n give_v another_o to_o satisfy_v he_o of_o the_o reason_n of_o any_o extraordinary_a military_a preparation_n and_o of_o the_o clearness_n of_o his_o intention_n towards_o he_o but_o of_o a_o formal_a previous_a leave_n to_o be_v ask_v and_o obtain_v by_o a_o foreign_a prince_n or_o state_n before_o they_o put_v out_o to_o sea_n upon_o the_o maritime_a territory_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n in_o a_o warlike_a equipage_n in_o the_o year_n 165â—_n the_o state_n general_n give_v public_a notice_n by_o their_o ambassador_n here_o in_o england_n that_o they_o have_v resolve_v to_o fit_v out_o to_o sea_n a_o extraordinary_a fleet_n of_o one_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o man_n of_o war_n beside_o those_o in_o present_a service_n for_o the_o security_n and_o preservation_n of_o their_o navigation_n and_o commerce_n they_o 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better_a regulation_n of_o commerce_n which_o from_o the_o place_n of_o their_o first_o publication_n be_v call_v the_o law_n of_o oleron_n a_o small_a island_n situate_a in_o the_o bay_n of_o aquitain_n and_o a_o member_n of_o that_o great_a and_o wealthy_a duchy_n which_o be_v in_o the_o actual_a possession_n of_o king_n richard_n as_o his_o maternal_a inheritance_n for_o it_o come_v to_o his_o father_n henry_n the_o second_o by_o marriage_n with_o elinor_n daughter_n and_o heir_n of_o william_n duke_n of_o aquitain_n and_o by_o the_o way_n it_o may_v be_v note_v that_o this_o duchy_n either_o in_o whole_a or_o part_n continue_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n by_o ten_o descent_n to_o the_o 32d_o of_o henry_n the_o six_o near_o 300_o year_n though_o that_o of_o normandy_n continue_v but_o five_o descent_n and_o end_v in_o king_n john._n but_o whether_o these_o law_n be_v publish_v as_o aforesaid_a by_o king_n richard_n or_o whether_o about_o sixty_o year_n 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measure_n like_o a_o law_n of_o nation_n for_o the_o more_o equal_a distribution_n of_o justice_n among_o the_o people_n of_o different_a government_n but_o to_o infer_v from_o hence_o a_o universal_a monarchy_n at_o sea_n and_o that_o king_n richard_n in_o right_a of_o his_o imperial_a crown_n of_o england_n and_o ducal_z crown_n of_o nâ—rmandy_n and_o aquitain_n do_v as_o sole_a or_o supreme_a legislator_n for_o the_o marine_a authoritative_o impose_v sea-law_n upon_o the_o people_n and_o subject_n oâ—_n other_o nation_n be_v but_o a_o strain_a inference_n the_o roman_n be_v far_o enough_o from_o yield_v a_o sea-sovereignty_n to_o the_o little_a republic_n of_o rhodes_n and_o yet_o be_v so_o well_o satisfy_v with_o the_o equity_n of_o their_o sea-law_n that_o they_o not_o only_o conform_v to_o they_o dâ—â—â—l_n lab._n 11._o dâ—â—â—l_n but_o incorporate_v they_o into_o the_o body_n of_o their_o digest_v and_o as_o the_o rhodian_a law_n obtain_v in_o the_o mediterranean_a and_o the_o law_n of_o oleron_n in_o the_o western_a and_o english_a sea_n so_o the_o law_n of_o wisbuy_n a_o town_n situate_a upon_o the_o little_a isle_n of_o gotland_n in_o the_o eastern_a part_n of_o the_o baltic_a former_o under_o denmark_n now_o under_o the_o crown_n of_o sueden_n call_v from_o thence_o leges_fw-la wisbuicenses_fw-la 19â—_n pâ—â—k_v in_fw-ge 〈…〉_o tit._n diâ—_n &_o cod._n 〈…〉_o p._n 19â—_n be_v receive_v by_o the_o general_a consent_n of_o the_o northern_a trader_n as_o a_o common_a measure_n for_o all_o nautick_a assair_n to_o the_o northwards_o of_o the_o rhine_n and_o throughout_o the_o whole_a baltic_a that_o the_o sea_n be_v within_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v a_o matter_n unquestionable_a not_o at_o home_n only_o but_o among_o all_o nation_n his_o admiral_n have_v and_o ever_o have_v through_o a_o long_a series_n of_o age_n the_o conusance_n of_o all_o contract_n plea_n and_o querrels_n make_v upon_o the_o sea_n out_o of_o the_o body_n of_o any_o county_n of_o england_n which_o power_n be_v enlarge_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o 15_o r._n 2._o cap._n 3._o to_o death_n and_o mayhem_n upon_o great_a ship_n in_o the_o main_a stream_n of_o great_a river_n and_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o 28._o hen._n 8._o cap._n 15._o a_o court_n of_o commission_n may_v be_v hold_v under_o the_o great_a seal_n coram_fw-la admirallo_fw-la etc._n etc._n to_o hear_v and_o determine_v all_o treason_n felony_n robbery_n etc._n etc._n do_v or_o commit_v upon_o the_o sea._n but_o then_o it_o be_v evident_a and_o undeniable_a also_o that_o the_o neighbour_a kingdom_n and_o state_n who_o border_n upon_o the_o sea_n have_v their_o distinct_a admiralty_n likewise_o and_o have_v long_o since_o have_v where_o their_o subject_n and_o people_n receive_v sinal_a sentence_n in_o all_o maritime_a cause_n without_o exception_n of_o any_o sea_n or_o without_o appeal_n to_o the_o admiralty_n of_o england_n as_o the_o last_o resort_n or_o as_o have_v supreme_a conusance_n of_o all_o thing_n do_v and_o commit_v in_o and_o upon_o the_o british_a sea_n if_o a_o french_a or_o dutch_a vessel_n take_v a_o pirate_n of_o what_o nation_n soever_o who_o have_v commit_v a_o robbery_n upon_o the_o english_a sea_n they_o do_v not_o remit_v he_o to_o the_o admiralty_n of_o england_n as_o to_o the_o sole_a tribunal_n of_o the_o place_n where_o the_o fact_n be_v do_v to_o receive_v sentence_n there_o but_o they_o carry_v he_o before_o their_o own_o judicatories_n and_o judge_v he_o as_o a_o enemy_n of_o mankind_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n if_o one_o foreigner_n do_v any_o injury_n to_o another_o be_v it_o fraud_n or_o violence_n upon_o the_o british_a sea_n the_o party_n injure_v make_v not_o his_o complaint_n to_o the_o admiralty_n of_o england_n as_o the_o proper_a court_n and_o as_o have_v the_o sole_a juridical_a conusance_n of_o his_o plea_n but_o resort_v to_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o his_o own_o sovereign_n or_o
to_o that_o of_o the_o sovereign_n of_o the_o wrongdoer_n and_o there_o implead_v he_o and_o pray_v for_o justice_n if_o a_o frenchman_n kill_v a_o frenchman_n one_o alien_a another_o upon_o the_o land_n of_o england_n the_o fact_n be_v commit_v within_o the_o local_a ligeance_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o against_o the_o peace_n and_o protection_n of_o his_o crown_n and_o therefore_o triable_a before_o his_o court_n but_o if_o two_o englishman_n be_v under_o the_o pay_n and_o service_n of_o the_o french_a king_n and_o one_o of_o they_o kill_v the_o other_o aboard_o a_o french_a man_n of_o war_n within_o the_o 4_o sea_n the_o french_a king_n judicature_n will_v have_v the_o conusance_n of_o the_o crime_n as_o do_v within_o his_o ligeance_n and_o against_o the_o peace_n and_o protection_n of_o his_o crown_n thus_o stand_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n as_o to_o the_o marine_a jurisdiction_n and_o thus_o it_o have_v be_v for_o many_o age_n but_o yet_o there_o be_v a_o ancient_a precedent_n which_o seem_v to_o impugn_v something_o that_o have_v be_v say_v and_o not_o to_o take_v notice_n of_o it_o be_v to_o report_v thing_n unfaithful_o and_o therefore_o i_o crave_v leave_n to_o examine_v it_o it_o be_v a_o bundle_n or_o roli_n in_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n superscribe_v de_fw-fr superioritate_fw-la maris_fw-la angliae_fw-la &_o jure_fw-la officii_fw-la admiralitatis_fw-la in_o codem_fw-la record_n i_o can_v scarce_o call_v it_o 27_o 〈…〉_o cap._n 27_o for_o it_o be_v not_o any_o judicial_a act_n or_o monument_n of_o a_o court_n of_o record_n and_o it_o may_v be_v read_v as_o it_o be_v transcribe_v at_o large_a by_o lord_n chief_a justice_n cake_n and_o by_o mr._n selden_n who_o high_o insist_o upon_o it_o i_o shall_v abbreviate_v it_o true_o and_o in_o short_a the_o case_n be_v this_o a_o league_n have_v be_v conclude_v betwixt_o edward_n the_o first_o of_o england_n and_z philip_z the_o fair_a of_o france_n 〈…〉_o of_o the_o 〈…〉_o in_o which_o it_o be_v covenant_v that_o each_o shall_v defend_v the_o other_o right_n and_o neither_o relieve_v the_o other_o enemy_n after_o this_o a_o war_n ensue_v betwixt_o philip_n and_o the_o earl_n of_o flanders_n who_o edward_n secret_o savour_v whereupon_o reyner_n grimbald_n who_o be_v general_n at_o sea_n for_o the_o king_n of_o france_n take_v several_a ship_n both_o of_o england_n and_o of_o other_o nation_n trade_n to_o flanders_n and_o confiscate_v ship_n and_o good_n and_o imprison_v person_n as_o carry_v relief_n to_o a_o enemy_n upon_o which_o and_o other_o complaint_n commissioner_n be_v appoint_v by_o both_o king_n call_v in_o the_o roll_n write_v in_o norman_a french_a auditor_n deputez_fw-fr per_fw-la les_fw-fr roys_n d'engleterre_fw-fr &_o de_fw-fr france_n a_o redresser_n les_fw-fr damage_n faits_fw-fr the_o plaintiff_n who_o be_v of_o several_a nation_n appear_v by_o their_o procurator_n or_o attorney_n before_o the_o say_a commissioner_n and_o join_v all_o together_o in_o one_o bill_n or_o libel_n as_o be_v all_o involve_a in_o one_o common_a cause_n in_o the_o rehearsal_n of_o the_o say_a libel_n it_o be_v allege_v that_o whereas_o the_o king_n of_o england_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o say_a kingdom_n from_o time_n to_o time_n whereof_o there_o be_v no_o memory_n to_o the_o contrary_a have_v be_v in_o peaceable_a possession_n of_o the_o sovereign_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o england_n and_o of_o the_o isle_n of_o the_o same_o by_o ordain_v of_o law_n etc._n etc._n and_o whereas_o it_o be_v covenant_v in_o the_o league_n late_o make_v betwixt_o the_o two_o king_n that_o each_o shall_v defend_v the_o other_o right_n franchise_n and_o liberty_n etc._n etc._n mounseur_fw-fr reyner_n grimbald_n commander_n of_o the_o fleet_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n who_o name_n himself_o admiral_n of_o the_o say_a sea_n be_v commissioned_n by_o that_o king_n to_o serve_v he_o in_o his_o wâ—â—_n against_o flanders_n have_v contrary_a to_o the_o say_a league_n wrongful_o assume_v the_o office_n of_o the_o admiralty_n in_o the_o say_v gea_n of_o england_n upon_o pretence_n of_o the_o say_a commission_n take_v the_o people_n and_o merchant_n &c_n &c_n they_o pray_v that_o the_o person_n ship_n and_o good_n so_o take_v may_v be_v deliver_v to_o the_o admiral_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n to_o who_o the_o counsance_n of_o the_o whole_a matter_n of_o right_o appertain_v he_o who_o shall_v read_v more_o at_o large_a in_o the_o place_n before_o quote_v the_o magnificent_a attribute_n give_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n of_o their_o be_v peaceable_o possess_v time_n immemorial_n of_o the_o sovereign_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o england_n by_o ordain_v law_n and_o statute_n prohibit_v arm_n and_o arm_a vessel_n take_v surety_n and_o give_v safeguard_n and_o ordain_v all_o other_o thing_n necessary_a to_o the_o preservation_n of_o peace_n and_o right_n among_o all_o people_n pass_v upon_o that_o sea_n etc._n etc._n will_v at_o first_o view_n be_v ready_a to_o cry_v out_o suimus_fw-la troes_n fuit_fw-la ilium_n we_o be_v english_a man_n england_n be_v and_o yet_o perhaps_o no_o need_n of_o such_o exclamation_n at_o first_o read_v it_o seem_v to_o i_o at_o some_o distance_n like_o a_o stone_n wall_n athwart_o my_o way_n and_o no_o possibility_n of_o pass_v far_o but_o when_o i_o examine_v it_o more_o near_o i_o find_v it_o but_o a_o silken_a curtain_n of_o specious_a word_n draw_v artificial_o before_o the_o eye_n and_o easy_a to_o be_v put_v back_o by_o the_o hand_n 1._o first_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o all_o this_o be_v but_o a_o plaidoyé_n a_o plea_n or_o action_n a_o supplicatory_a libel_n or_o bill_n of_o complaint_n no_o definitive_a sentence_n or_o arrest_n nothing_o that_o do_v pass_v in_o rem_fw-la judicatam_fw-la this_o alone_a be_v there_o nothing_o more_o be_v sufficient_a to_o abate_v the_o intrinsic_a value_n of_o it_o the_o roll_n make_v no_o mention_n of_o any_o decision_n give_v by_o the_o delegate_n upon_o any_o the_o matter_n contain_v in_o the_o libel_n and_o either_o none_o be_v give_v which_o seem_v most_o probable_a and_o those_o controversy_n decide_v some_o other_o way_n or_o the_o roll_n be_v leave_v imperfect_a 2._o though_o the_o interessent_n of_o several_a nation_n as_o dane_n german_n hollander_n etc._n etc._n suffer_v damage_n by_o the_o seizure_n of_o grimbald_n in_o like_a manner_n as_o the_o english_a do_v and_o therefore_o join_v with_o they_o in_o the_o same_o libel_n yet_o the_o libel_n be_v pen_v by_o english_a council_n as_o be_v manifest_a by_o the_o address_n or_o direction_n oâ—_n it_o a_o vous_fw-fr signior_n auditeurs_fw-fr deputez_fw-fr to_o you_o lord_n auditor_n depute_v par_fw-fr les_fw-fr roys_n d'engleterre_fw-fr &_o de_fw-fr france_n by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o france_n where_o england_n have_v the_o preference_n of_o order_n to_o france_n contrary_a to_o the_o style_n of_o neutral_a nation_n of_o that_o age._n 3._o the_o allegation_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v be_v time_n immemorial_n in_o the_o peaceable_a possession_n of_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o make_v by_o the_o french_a delegate_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o king_n their_o master_n but_o by_o english_a advocat_n in_o favour_n of_o their_o client_n cause_v the_o french_a king_n have_v commission_v grinthald_v to_o exercise_v jurisdiction_n at_o sea_n by_o arrest_v and_o confiscate_v ship_n and_o good_n and_o imprison_v person_n for_o carry_v relief_n to_o the_o earl_n of_o flanders_n his_o enemy_n by_o which_o commission_n grimbald_n justify_v himself_o for_o do_v such_o act_n as_o be_v manifest_o repugnant_a to_o the_o peaceable_a possession_n of_o the_o say_v sovereign_a dominion_n on_o the_o part_n of_o england_n if_o the_o king_n of_o france_n have_v acknowledge_v the_o admiral_n of_o england_n the_o only_a competent_a judge_n of_o thing_n do_v and_o commit_v upon_o the_o sea_n of_o england_n why_o do_v he_o together_o with_o the_o king_n of_o england_n depute_v auditor_n or_o delegate_n for_o determine_v those_o matter_n then_o in_o controversy_n 4._o the_o art_n in_o pen_v the_o say_a libel_n be_v remarkable_a it_o affirm_v the_o marine_a jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n but_o it_o do_v not_o except_v against_o a_o power_n in_o the_o king_n of_o france_n to_o constitute_v a_o admiral_n with_o the_o like_a jurisdiction_n and_o that_o upon_o the_o sea_n towards_o flanders_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n have_v admiral_n before_o the_o time_n of_o philip_n the_o fair._n it_o be_v true_a that_o great_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n have_v be_v cantonize_v and_o divide_v after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o german_a nation_n into_o many_o franca_n fâ—uda_n as_o they_o â—alied_v they_o free_a fee_n which_o be_v supreme_a and_o independent_a sovereignty_n only_o the_o person_n of_o those_o
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limit_n of_o the_o sea-sovereignty_n of_o england_n and_o consequent_o have_v no_o relation_n to_o it_o beside_o this_o honour_n to_o the_o king_n flag_n be_v require_v from_o his_o own_o subject_n but_o it_o be_v needless_a to_o require_v from_o they_o a_o acknowledgement_n of_o sovereignty_n to_o who_o benefit_n it_o redound_v the_o import_n be_v that_o foreigner_n will_v acknowledge_v it_o to_o who_o profit_n it_o be_v oppose_v well_o then_o if_o this_o ceremony_n do_v not_o relate_v to_o a_o acknowledgement_n of_o a_o sovereignty_n in_o the_o sea_n what_o be_v it_o that_o it_o relate_v to_o and_o what_o be_v the_o true_a import_n and_o signification_n of_o it_o i_o answer_v it_o import_v these_o two_o thing_n 1._o it_o be_v cultus_fw-la superioris_fw-la it_o be_v a_o reverence_n or_o respect_n perform_v to_o a_o person_n of_o superior_a quality_n and_o degree_n 2._o it_o be_v symbolum_n pacis_fw-la &_o amicitiae_fw-la it_o be_v a_o sign_n or_o symbolical_a expression_n of_o peace_n and_o friendship_n sometime_o it_o signify_v both_o these_o together_o and_o sometime_o but_o one_o of_o they_o according_a to_o the_o different_a degree_n of_o the_o person_n perform_v it_o but_o it_o always_o signify_v one_o of_o they_o and_o never_o any_o thing_n more_o the_o dutch_a and_o other_o small_a republic_n perform_v it_o both_o as_o a_o respect_n to_o the_o crown_a head_n of_o england_n and_o as_o a_o salutation_n of_o peace_n and_o friendship_n also_o but_o crown_v head_n can_v perform_v it_o as_o to_o one_o of_o a_o superior_a order_n because_o they_o be_v in_o a_o parity_n and_o equality_n of_o degree_n but_o they_o do_v it_o upon_o the_o late_a account_n only_o as_o it_o be_v a_o expression_n of_o peace_n and_o amity_n the_o dutch_a and_o other_o do_v not_o by_o the_o flag_n and_o topsail_n recognize_v the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o sovereign_a of_o the_o four_o sea_n nor_o acknowledge_v themselves_o thereby_o his_o local_a subject_n and_o their_o person_n ship_n 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