defraud him of it § 22. Most of the Lords after this great Defeat in the North came in upon Publick Faith given them and were conducted to Barkamstead by the Abbot Frederick Where some write that the King again took a personal Oath before the Archbishop Lanfranc and the Lords to observe the Antient Laws of the Realm Established by his Noble Predecessors the Kings of England and especially those of Saint Edward And all the Lords upon their Oath and submission were then reconciled unto him and thereupon held themselves quiet for a Time But whether it were that they found not their Entertainment such as they expected or that they had received Intelligence of new Hopes from abroad or that Edgar who was still in Scotland had sollicited them upon Promise of fresh Succours to aid him or howsoever it was many of them again Conspired contrary to their Oaths and went out The Earl Edwin making towards Scotland was Murthered by his own People by the way The Earls Morcar and Hereward betook them to the Isle of Ely meaning to make good that Place for that Winter whither also came the Earl Siward and the Bishop of Durham out of Scotland But the King who was no Time giver to growing Dangers beset all the Isle with flat Boats on the East and made a Bridge of a Mile long on the West and safely brought in his People upon the Enemy who seeing themselves surprised yielded them all to the King's Mercy Except Hereward a man of great Valour and Courage who with his Souldiers made a Retreat through the Fenns and Escaped into Scotland The Rest were sent to divers Prisons where they died or remayned during the King's Life § 23. We find that those Lords who remained Loyal upon their last Submission were all imployed and well graced by the King As Edric the Forrester that was the first Revolter in his Reign was held in especial Favour and Trust near about him Gospatric was made Earl of Northumberland and sent against Malcolm who in this time takes Advantage of subdue the Countries of Tisdall Cleveland and Cumberland Waltheof the Son of the Earl Siward he so highly Estemeed as he Married him to his Niece Iudith Though he were a Principal Actor in this last Commotion and in the Defence of the City of York against him and is said to have stricken off the Heads of divers Normans one by one as they entred upon a Breach to the great Admiration of all Men By which Valour of his he ransomed the Offence he had made and grew to that great Grace with the King who therein shewed a Noble and Magnanimous Nature to honour Vertue even in his Enemies § 24. And now there rested nothing for the general Quieting of the Kingdom but only the Suppression of Malcolm King of Scots the greatest Kindlefire of all these Conspiracies in the North parts and the only Fefuge for all that were discontented and mutinous in this State Against him the King led such mighty Forces both by Sea and Land as Malcolm rather then to adventure Battle was content to make his Peace and not only to give up Hostages for securing the same but also to do him Homage for the Kingdom of Scotland And so all his Home-Wars were ended Regni Anno 6. Saving only in Anno 15. he levied a Puissant Army and subdued Wales which Business held him not long For the Rest of his Government here he had no more to do here with the Sword though he had it always abroad during his whole Reign § 25. Now for the Doubt he might have of the great Men of the Kingdom who by Power or Love were aptest to disturb his Government it was in this sort taken away First by the Submission of Edgar Atheling who Anno 7. was restored into Grace and had a fair Maintenance which held him ever after quiet Then by those whom the Prisons kept from Attempting any more And lastly by the Revealing of a new Conspiracy contrived at a Marriage between Ralph de Waher Earl of Norfolk and Suffolk and his new Kinswoman the Sister of Roger the Young Earl of Hereford At which Solemnization in their Banquetting and Jollity the two Earls Normans with Waltheof and divers English Plotted to call in the Danes again and to make away the King Upon which Discovery they were all apprehended except the Earl of Norfolk who fled the Land and died some in Prison and some on the Scaffold § 26. The The Danes being on the Coasts with 200 Sail hearing how their Confederates had sped and the great Preparations the King had made after some spoils taken on the Coast of England and Flanders returned home and never after infested this Kingdom Though in Anno 20 of this King there was a great Rumour of their fresh Preparations for a new Invasion which made him entertain a great number of Frenchmen besides Normans which he brought into England about Harvest and held the most part of them all the Winter to the great Charge of the Kingdom But it came to nothing For the Wind held so long against the Danish Navy consisting of about 1000 Sail as it overthrew their intended Action and freed both the King and his Successors from future Fears that way for ever after § 27. The Forein Wars he had were all about his Dominions in France and raised by his own Son Robert whom he had left his Leiutenant Governour of the Dutchy of Normandy and the County of Maine Where by his Fathers Absence tasteing the Glory of Command he grew to assume into his own Power the Soveraign Rule of the Province caused the Barons there to do him Homage as Duke not as Leiutenant and put himself wholly under the Protection of the King of France who was not a little pleased to apprehend so good an Occasion to foster a Division in the House of so great and near a Neighbour who was now grown fearful and dangerous to all the Princes about him and therefore spared for uo Cost to set forward this Work The King understanding the Fire thus Kindled in his own House whilest he laboured to quench that himself had made in Others hasts with his Forces into Normandy to have surprised his Son Who advertised of his Coming furnished with 2000. Men at Arms by the King of France put himself in Ambush where his Father should pass and set upon him so Fiercely as he Defeited most of his People and in the Press happened to encounter with himself whom he unhorsed and wounded in the Arms with his Lance. But perceiving by his Voice it was his Father he hasted to lift him up again to his Horse craving most humble Pardon for his Offence which the King seeing in what Case he was easily granted and received him into Grace with whom and with his Son William who was likewise hurt in the Skirmish he retired to Roan and after being there cured of his Hurt returned again into England §
to prepare the Way for the great After-work intended And having done much Mischeif on the Coast of Kent Harold with strong Navy forced him to draw towards the North parts where seeking to Land he was repulsed by the Earls Morcar and Edwin and forced to look Aid of the Scots and after of the King of Norway whom he induced to invade this Kingdom with great store of Men and Shipping These landing at Tinmouth and discomfiting their first Encounterers marched into the heart of England without Resistance But being come near to Stamford King Harold with a mighty army met them and after long Fight with the Loss of much Bloud and his best Men he finished that Action with the Death of Tosty and the King of Norway § 10. But from hence was he called with his wearied and broken Forces to a more fatal Business in the South For now William Duke of Normandy pretending a Right to the Crown of England both by the Testament of the late King Edward and also by Parentage upon the Advantage of the Time and the Disfurnishment of those parts Landed at Hastings Near to which Place was Fought that bloudy Battle wherein Harold Valianty Fighting amidst his Enemies Ended his Life and Reign which was scarce of one Year and the English with the loss of 20000. Men and the Flower of the Kingdom became the miserable Prey of the Normans § 11. But how so great a State as this could be with one Blow subdued by so small a Province in such sort as it could never after come to make any general Head against the Conqueror may seem strange and considerable But the Circumstances with the Disposition of that Time as may be Collected from the Writers that lived near it may somewhat though not altogether satisfy us in that point For they say the People of the Kingdom were by their being secure from their Foreign Enemies the Danes and their long Peace which had held in a manner from the Death of Edmon Ironside the space of fifty Years grown neglective of Arms and generally debauched with Luxury and Idlenesse The Clergy licentious and only Literaturâ tumultuariâ contenti Scholae non vitae discebant saith Malmesbury the Nobility given to Gluttony Venery and Oppression the Common sort to Drunkenness and all Disorder And they say that in the last Action of Harold at Stamford the bravest Men perished And himself growing insolent after the Victory retaining the Spoils without Distribution to the Souldiers made them discontent and unruly Or peradventure being not inured to be Commanded by Martial Discipline they were of themselves unmanageable and that coming to the Battle of Hastings with many mercenary Men and a discontented Army there was not that Valour and Resolution shewed as was meet in so important an Occasion Besides the Normans had a peculiar Militia or Fight with Bowes and Arrowes wherein they were Excellently practised and the English unacquainted with that Weapon were altogether unprovided for the Defence And thus they excuse the shame of our Nation THE REIGN OF WILLIAM the I. Anno I. § 12. BY these Advantages William the base Son of Robert Duke of Normandie having gotten the Victory in the Battle near Hastings Marched without any opposition towards London Where the Earls Edwin and Morcar Brothers of eminent Dignity and Respect in the Kingdom laboured with all their Power in solliciting the People for the Conservation of the State And to have Established Edgar Etheling next of the Royal Issue in the Soveraignty whereunto the rest of the Nobility had likewise consented had they not seen the Bishops averse or wavering And all Men generally transported with Fear or corrupted with new Hopes runing from themselves and their endanger'd Country and striving who should be first to entertain the present Fortune sought to preoccupate each other For streight upon his Approach to London the Gates was set all open the Archbishop of Canterbury Stigand with other Bishops the Nobility Magistrates and People all rendred themselves and their Obedience unto him and he returning plausible Promises of his future Goverment was within a short Time after Crowned at Westminster by Aldred Archbishop of York for that Stigand was not held Canonically Invested in that See and yet was thought to have been a principal Adherent to this Enterprise § 13. Here according to the accustomed Form in his Coronation the Bishops and Barons of the Realm took their Oath to be his true and Loyal Subjects and he reciprocally being required thereunto by the Archbishop of York made his personal Oath before the Altar of Saint Peter to defend the holy Church of God and the Rectors of the same to govern the universal people subject unto him justly with care to establish equal Laws for the preservation of Justice and upright Judgment to be used amongst them and taking Hostages for his more Security and Order for the Defence and Government of his Kingdome § 14. At the opening of the Spring then next following he returns into Normandy so to settle his Affairs there as they might not distract him from his Business in England which required his whole powers And to leave all sure behind him he committed the Rule of the Kingdom in his Absence to Odo Bishop of Bayeux his half-Brother by the Mothersside and to his cozen Fitz-Osborn whom he had made Earl of Hereford taking with him the chiefest Men Natives of the State who were likeliest to be Heads to a Revolt as the Arch-Bishop Stigand lately discontented Edgar Atheling a Titular Edwin and Morcar with many other Bishops and Noblemen In his Absence which was all that whole Summer nothing was here attempted against him but only that Edric surnamed the Forrester in the County of Hereford called in the Kings of the Welch to his Aid and Forraged onely the remote Boders of that Country The rest of the Kingdome stood quiet expecting what would become of that new World wherein as yet they found no great Alteration their Lawes and Liberties remaining still the same they did and might hope by this Accession of a new Province the State of England would be inlarged in Dominion abroad and not impaired in profit at home by reason the Nation was but small and being a plentifull and not over-peopled Country they were not likely to impester them § 15. The King now grown to this power soon settled his Estate in Normandy which in his Youth he had alwayes found turbulent within and overhardly neighboured abroad and secured him of that side of the World wherein he was much advantaged by the Time For Philip the first then King of France was a Child who otherwise would never have suffered the Normans being so stubborn and little affectionate to that Crown to have grown to such Greatness and besides was under the Curature of Baudovin Earl of Flanders his Uncle by the Mother whose Daughter King William of England had to wife which Alliance indeed gave him the greatest Means to
the same maner and took none but from such as after his Possession of the Crown Rebelled against him or were slain in the Wars § 34. He imposed no new Taxations on the State and used those he found very moderately As Danegelt being a Tax raised by the former Kings of two Shillings upon every Hilde-Land to maintain the Wars against the Danes he would not have it made an Annual payment but only taken upon urgent Occasion And it was seldom gathered in his Time or his Successors Scutagium or Escuage which was also then an Imposition of Mony upon every Knight's Fee afterwards only imployed for the Service in Scotland was never Levied but in Like Occasions for Stipends and Donatives to Souldiers § 35. Only one Exaction he he was forced to raise to cure a Mischief which arose by his Means In the begining of this Reign the Rancor of the English towards the New-come Normans was such as finding them single in Woods and remote Places they secretly murthered them and the Deed doers for any the severest Courses taken could never be discovered Whereupon it was ordained that the Hundred wherein a Norman was found slain and the Murther not taken should be condemned to pay the King some thirty-six pounds and some twenty eight pounds according to the Quantity of the Hundred And this was done to the End the Punishment being generally inflicted it might particularly deter them and hasten the Discovery of the Malefactor by whom so many must otherwise be interessed This Mulct and the seizing into his Hands the Church Treasure before-noted though both were done by the especial commanding Warrant of Necessity were much taken to heart in the Kingdom both by the Clergy and Common People § 36. And yet otherwise was he to both very gratious and beneficial For upon petition made unto him he relieved the Oppression of such as were Tenants at will of their Lords which were a very great Number and began after this manner All those who were discovered to have had a Hand in any Rebellion and were pardoned only to injoy the Benefit of Life having all their Lively-hood taken from them became Vassails unto those Lords to whom the Possessions were given of all such Lands as were forfeited by Attainders And if by their diligent Service they could attain any Portion of Ground they held it but only so long as it pleased their Lords without having any Estate for themselves or their Children and were oftentimes miserably cast out upon the sudden contrary to Promise upon any small Displeasure Whereupon it was ordained that whatsoever they had obtained of their Lords by any obsequious Service or agreed for upon any Lawful Pact they should hold by an inviolable Law during their own Lives § 37. And for the Clergy other than in this one Act he maintained all their Immunities and Priviledges and they grew very much under him But this it seems was the Cause that made them so much disfigure his Worthiness and leave his Memory in so black Colours to Posterity as they did in delineating his Tyranny Rigor and Oppression when the Nature and Necessary Disposition of his Affairs do much excuse him therein and shew that he was a Prince of a most active Virtue whose Abilities of Nature were equal to his Undertakings of Fortune as preordained for so great a Work And though he might have some Advantage of the Time wherein we often see Men prevail more by the Imbecilities of others than their own Worth Yet let those Times be well examined his Strength and Eminency if we take his just Measure where of an exceeding Proportion Neither wanted he those Encounters and Concurrences of sufficient able Princes his Neighbours to put him to the Trial thereof having on one side the French to grapple withal on the other the Dane far mightier in People and Shipping than himself strongly sided in the Kingdom as greedy to recover their former Footing here as ever and as well or better prepared § 38. But this name of Conquest which ever imports Violience and Misery is of so harsh a found and so odious in nature as a people subdued seldom gives the Conquerour his due tho' never so worthy And especially to a Stranger whom only time must naturalize and let in by degrees into their Liking and good Opinion Wherein also this King was greatly advantaged by reason of his twenty years Government which had much impaired the Memory of former Customs in the younger sort and well inured the elder to the present Usances and Form of State Whereby the Rule was made more easy to his Sons who tho' they were far inferiour to him in Worth were a little better beloved then he and the rather for that they were content somewhat to unwrest the Sovereignty from the Height whereunto he had strained it which brought the State to a better proportion of Harmony § 39. Of those who were the especial Men of Employment in his Reign time has shut us out from the knowledge of many it being in the Fortune of Kings to have the Names and Memory of their Counsellors like Rivers in the Ocean Buried in their Glory Yet these we find principally mentioned in Stories First William Fitz-Osborne Earl of Hereford the especial Mover and Counsellor of this Voiage of England reported also to have furnished forty Ships at his own Charge for the Enterprise Odo Bishop of Bayeux and Earl of Kent sometimes his Viceroy in England and seems also to have managed the Finances but of such excessive Avarice that he gathered so much Treasure as he went about to buy the Papacy and attempting to go to Rome about the same the King staid him at Home in a fair Prison and excused the matter upon Exclamation made in this sort that he only Imprisoned the Earl of Kent not the Bishop of Bayeux Beside he had Lanfranc a Man of universal Learning and an excellent Lawyer Born in Lumbardy who peradventure might introduce something of the Constitutions of that Province to the making up our Laws which in many things seem to participate with theirs And no doubt he had many others else For being of a strong Constitution of Judgment he could not but be strongly furnished in that kind seeing ever weak Princes have weak Sides and our most renowed Kings have been best underset with Counsel and happily served with the ablest Officers § 40. He had a fair issue by Maud his Wife Four Sons and Five Daughters To Robert his Eldest Son he left the Dutchy of Normandy to William the Kingdom of England and to Henry his Treasure with an Annual Pension of 8000. pounds to be paid him by his two Brothers Richard that was his Second Son Died in his Youth of a surfeit taken by Hunting in the New Forrest and began the fatal Misfortune that followed of that place by the Death of King William the Second there slain with an Arrow and of Richard the Son of Robert Duke of
Sir Walter Raleigh's HISTORY of the Reigne of William the First The true Effigies of is HON ble S r. Walter Rawlegh Knight F. H. Van. Hove sculp An Introduction to a BREVIARY OF THE History of England With the REIGN OF King Williamthe I. Entitled the CONQUEROR Written by Sr. Walter Raleigh Kt. And Dedicated to the then Earl of Salisbury LONDON Printed for Sam. Keble at the Great-Turks-Head in Fleet-street And Dan. Brown at the Black-Swan and Bible without Temple-Bar 1693. THE PREFACE OF THE PUBLISHER THIS Life of William the Conqueror Writ by Sir Walter Raleigh was found in the Library of a Person of High Quality Whosoever hath been conversant in the Works of that accomplisht Knight and a little acquainted with his great Genius and Spirit and his manly and unaffected Stile will make no doubt but what here is presented unto the World was his genuine Issue For the Comprehensive and Penetrating thoughts the lively imagination and the mature and exact Iudgment of Sir Walter Raleigh do all manifestly appear in this small Treatise It may be matter of some wonder that a Work filled with such a number of judicious Reflections upon the Nature of Government in General and so many Wise Observations relating to the particular State of our own Country should have been thus long condemn'd to obscurity had not an ill fate attended the learned Compositions as well as the brave Actions of this renowned Gentleman But by what unhappy Accident soever it hath been hitherto confined to Privacy it was thought it would be an injury to the publique any longer to conceal a just and true Account of the Reign of William the First wherein so many remarkable matters and great Revolutions happened and to which the Writers of Government and Policy in our Nation have very frequent recourse Since the Transactions of that Time unto which they so commonly appeal are here related with that faithfullness brevity and clearness that become an Exact Historian IMPRIMATUR December 31 1692 EDM. BOHUN A BREVIARY OF THE History of ENGLAND Beginning at the REIGN of WILLIAM the I. Entitled the Conquerour The Introduction § 1. I Intend by the Help of God and your furtherance Right Noble Earl of Salisbury to write a Brief History of England from William I. entitled the Conqueror to the End of the Reign of Queen Elizabeth of perpetual Memory A Work difficult as well for the Antiquity as the Lateliness of things done the one bereaving our Knowledge of the certain Counsels held in the managing of Businesses so long past the other not allowing our Understanding the inward and particular Motives of such Actions as are so near us Yet according to my Collections out of those antient Remains that are left unto the World and the Conferences Acts and Instruments of latter Times I will deliver the Succession and course of our Affairs insomuch as shall be fit for the publick Understanding without passion or partiality endeavouring to be of no other side then of Truth as it shall appear to my Apprehension § 2. And though I had a Desire to have deduced this History from the Beginniug of our first Kings as they are delivered in their Catologue yet finding their Actions uncertainly delivered and the Beginning of all eminent States to be as uncertain as the Heads of great Rivers and that idle Antiquity discovering no Apparent Way beyond their Times have ever delighted to point Men out into imaginary Tracts of Fictions and monstrous Originalls I did put off that Desire with this Consideration that this space of five hundred years which the Government of twenty Kings and two Soveraign Queens was more than enough for my and Ability weighing withal that it is but our Curiosity to look further back into the Times past than we can well discern and wherof we can neither have Proof nor Profit Besides it seemeth that God in his Providence hath bounded our Searches within the Compass of a few Ages as if the same were sufficient both for Example and Instruction in the Government of Men For had we the particular Occurrents of all Nations and all Ages it might more stuff but not better our Understanding We shall find the same Correspondencies to hold in the Actions of Men Vertues and Vices the same though rising and falling according to the Worth or Weakness of Governors the Causes of the Ruins and Changes of Commonwealths to be alike and the Train of Affairs carried by the Precedent in a Course of Succession under like Figures § 3. But yet for that this Chain of Affairs hath a link of Dependency to the former Times it shall not be amiss briefly to repeat the three Mutations in the State foregoing this last Conquest since the Time that Letters and Christianity were here received which left more certain Knowledge of Things done though not in that sort as we can assuredly learn either the Form of the Brittish Government under their Kings or by what Rule they held together whether their Petty Princes whereof they had many were subject to one Monarch or all Soveraign alike whether any parties did Cantonize or were free Estates or Common-wealths as peradventute they might be as well as the Gaules with whom they were one in Language or the Germans antient Precedents of like Liberties For no doubt the same Necessity that is the Mother of Society and Contriver of Mens Defences and Safeties finds out like Forms of Government in like times upon like Occasions But insomuch as is delivered in these uncertain Antiquities we find this Isle was never or never long subject to one entire Monarch but ruled by divers Kings § 4. And so Caesar found it and thereby found the easier Means to subdue it which was the first Dissolution of the State after it had remained under the Government of the Brittons as say our Stories one thousand and sixty years from Brutus to Cassibalan And yet the State then seem'd by this Conquest to lose little besides their Savage Liberty being reduced to a Civil Subjection For the Vanquisher sought not to extirpate the Nation but to maintain and improve it And under this Government it remained almost five hundred years until the Division of the Roman Empire in the time of Theodosius when it became neglected and recovered again the State of a Kingdome under Princes partly Brittish and partly Romans which by reason of continual Tumults and Mutinies seemed never to have held any calm or flourishing Government worthy the observing and in the end Vortigern an Earl of the Guisses abusing the Weakness of Constantius supplanted him and obtained the Kingdome which the better to keep against Aurelius and Pendragon the Sons of Constantius and also to oppose against the Invasion of the Picts and Scots he called in the Saxons to his Aid § 5. Who entring this Land under the Conduct of Hengist and Horsus gave the occasion of the second and indeed the most absolute Dissolution of the State For
his Conâ—uest Besides he had made the Pope most sure unto him by promising if hee subdued this Kingdome to hold it of the Church for which Alexander uppon his enterprize sent him a Banner and a Hair of Saint Peter He held strict Amity also with the Princes of France that bordered upon him and might interrupt his Affairs as with the Earls of Anjou Poictou Main Ponthieu Bologne and others to every one of whom he had promised Lands in England upon their Aids lent him And to keep fair with the State of France in general he ingaged himself to their King to hold this Kingdome from him and to do him homage for the same by which means he so strongly under set himself as made his Fortune such as it was § 16. And now having disposed his Affairs in Normandy he returns towards Winter into England Where he was to satisfie three sorts of men First the especial Adventurers in the Action Secondly those of his own People whose Merits or Nearness deserved Recompence whereof the Number being so great many must have their Expectations Fed though not satisfied Thirdly the People of this Kingdom by whom he must now subsist For being not able with his own Nation so to People the same as to defend it if he should proceed to a general Extirpation of the Natural Inhabitants he was likewise to give them Satisfaction Wherein he had more to do than in his Battle at Hastings seeing all Remunerations with discharge of Monies must be raised out of the Stock of the Kingdom which could not be pleasing to the State in general And all Preferments and Dignities conferred on his must be either by Vacancies or displacing others which needs must breed very feeling Grievances in particular And yet we find no great Men thrust out of their Rooms but such as put themselves out by their Revolting after his Establishment in the Crown § 17. In the second Year of his Reign no Exaction was made to raise Treasure for these Satisfactions so that it seems he contented himself and his for the time only with what he found here ready and with filling up their Places who were slain in these two last Battles or fled as many were out of the Kingdom with the Sons of Harold But the English Nobility incompatible of these new Concurrents found notwithstanding a Disproportion of Grace and a darkning of their Dignities by the Interposition of so many as must needs lessen their Light And doubting daily to be more impaired in Honour and Estate all the Chiefest of them conspired and fled some into Scotland some into Denmark to try if by Aid from abroad they might recover themselves and their Greatness again at home § 18. Amongst these the Cheifest was Edgar Atheling intitled Englands Darling with shewed the Peoples Zeal to his Bloud and with him besides his Mother Agatha and his two Sisters Christine and Margaret fled the Earls Edwin and Morcar Marleswin Hereward Gospatric and Siward and shortly after Stigand and Aldred the two Arch-Bishops with many other Noblemen and divers of the Clergy Those that fled into Scotland were all Hospitably received of King Malcolm whom it concerned to look to his own his Neighbour's House being thus on Fire and to succour a Party against so dangerous an Incommer Which made him not only to entertain them but to enter League with them for the Publick safety And to combine himself the more firmly he Married Margaret the Sister of Edgar by whom the Bloud of our antient Saxon Kings was conjoyned with the Norman in Henry the Second and so became English again § 19. These Noblemen with the Aid of the Scots and Danes in the third year of this King's Reign raised great Commotions in the North beyond Humber and wrought very valiantly themselves to recover their lost Country But now it being too late and the Occasion not taken before the settling of the Government whilest it was new and brandling they prevailed nothing but gave Advantage to the Conqueror to make himself more then he was for all Conspiracies of Subjects that succeed not advance the Soveraignty And nothing gave Root to the Normans planting here more then the petty Revolts made by scattered Troops in several parts begun without Order and weakly seconded without Resolution whereas nothing could be done for the general Recovery but by the general rising of the People which seldom we see to happen And for this the new King had taken good Order First by disarming them then by sorbidding them Assemblies and all secret Intercourse upon heavy Penalties that every Man at the closing of the Day by the Warning of a Bell should cover his Fire and go to bed by making them to be bound Pledges one for another to answer for their Obedience and Loyalty by building divers Fortresses in several parts of the Kingdom to awe the Country and to hold them in with many such like provisions § 20. So that these Lords though they did as they might hold him doing in the North and imbroil themselves in an unsuccessful Businesse yet he having all the South settled under his Power with well practised and prepared Forces could not but needs tire and consume them in the end and in the mean Time invest the Normans in their Rooms and possessions forfeited by this Attempt As the Earldom and all the Lands which Edwin held in Yorkshire were given to Alanus Earl of Brittain his Nephew the Archbishoprick of Canterbury conferred on Lanfranc an Italian That of York on Thomas his Chaplain a Norman and all the rest both of the Clergy and others which fled and were out had likewise their Places supplied by Normans § 21. And now the King having appeased the Commotion in the West where the Sons of Harold had landed with Forces out of Ireland and Wales and also represt the Rebellion of Oxford he takes his Journy in Person Northward with all Expedition least the Enemy there should grow too great in Heart and Opinion by the Defeat of his Lieutenant with 700 Normans at Durham and the great Slaughter of his People made at York Where at his first coming he so wrought as he corrupted the Generals of the Danes with Mony and sent them well contented away and then set upon the Army of the Earls weakened both in Strength and Hope by this Departure of their Confederates and put them to Flight Which done he utterly wasted and laid desolate all that goodly Country between York and Durham the space of Sixty Miles that it might be no more a Succour to the Revolter And the like Course he used on all the Coasts where any certain Landings were known thereby to prevent Invasions and so returned to London where he seized into his Hands all the Plate Jewels and Treasure within all the Monasteries of England pretending that the Rebels and their Assisters had conveyed their Riches into these Religious Houses as into Places Priviledged and free from Seizure to