Henry of Castile Created a Duke p. 404 Chap. IV. Proceedings and Defeat of the Rebels in Catalonia Death of Ismael King of Granada Progress of the Rebellion in Castile and most Villanous Action of the Rebels who Proclaim Prince Alonso King The King and they Disband p. 406 Chap. V. Peter Constable of Portugal dies The Rebels in Catalonia chose the Duke of Anjou for their King The Battle of Olmedo The Death of the Queen of Aragon and Prince Alonso of Castile The King recovers Toledo The Rebels of Castile affront the Pope's Legate and are Excommunicated p. 408 Chap. VI. John Duke of Lorrain supports and heads the Rebels in Catalonia for his Father Ferdinand Prince of Aragon declar'd King of Sicily The Crown of Castile offer'd to the Princess Elizabeth she refuses it Peace betwixt the King and Nobles p. 410 Chap. VII The Marriage of Ferdinand King of Sicily with the Princess Elizabeth of Castile and of the Duke of Guienne with the Princess Joanna who is sworn Heiress of Castile Differences betwixt the Knights of Alcantara and their Master and Troubles in Biscay The Portugueses take Arzila and Tangier in Africk p. 412 Chap. VIII The Tumults and Confusions in Aragon Sardinia and Navarre The King of Castile labours to reduce his Rebels Pope Paul II. dies Sixtus IV. chosen King Alonso of Portugal takes Arzila and Tangier in Africk p. 414 Chap. IX Catalonia reduc'd Charles Duke of Guienne dies Cardinal Borgia the Pope's Legate comes into Spain Interview of the Kings of Castile and Portugal The Master of Santiago strengthens himself against his Enemies Barcelona surrendred to the King of Aragon p. 416 Chap. X. The Pope's Legate's Practices against King Henry of Castile Massacre of the Jews Signal Loyalty of Peter de Peralta Traiterous Practices of Elizabeth Sister to King Henry of Castile A Synod at Aranda p. 417 The Twenty Fourth BOOK Chap. I. THE Princess Elizabeth pretends to be reconcil'd to her Brother and openly aspires to the Crown upon his Indisposition D. John Pacheco Master of Santiago dies Differences betwixt the French and Aragonians King Ferdinand goes to Barcelona Jews Massacred in Sicily Ferdinand and Elizabeth Proclaim'd King and Queen of Castile The King of Portugal undertakes the Protection of the Princess Joanna his Niece p. 420 Chap. II. The Death of Henry King of Castile Ferdinand and Elizabeth Vsurps the Crown of Castile from Joanna the Rightful Heiress and are Proclaim'd King and Queen The King of Portugal undertakes the Protection of the Rightful Heiress his Niece p. 422 Chap. III. The King of Portugal calls himself King of Castile and is assisted by many of the Nobility being contracted to Joanna the Rightful Heiress He takes several Places in Castile The French make Peace with England and engage to assist Portugal against Ferdinand p. 424 Chap. IV. Prince John of Portugal comes into Castile with Forces to his Father's assistance The Battle of Toro betwixt King Ferdinand and him of Portugal The latter defeated The Castilian Nobility forsake him and he returns home p. 426 Chap. V. The Tumults of Navarre The King of Portugal 's Zoyage into France Toro recover'd by the Castiliano from the Portugueses Several other Places retaken Charles the Bold Duke of Burgundy and Galcazzo Duke of Milan murdred p. 428 Chap. VI. King Ferdinand possesses himself of the Mastership of Santiago in trust which has ever since continued in the Kings of Spain War with the Moors of Andaluzia The King of Portugal after having Abdicated his Crown returns home and is restor'd by his Son p. 429 Chap. VII Sardinia entirely reduc'd The Birth of John Prince of Castile The Inquisition first setled in Spain Peace concluded betwixt France and Castile The Death of King John of Aragon p. 431 Chap. VIII Ellenor Queen of Navarre The Troubles of that Kingdom and her Death The Countess of Medellin raises Tumults in Castile Portugueses overthrown by the Castilians Heretical Opinions started and condemned in Spain King Ferdinand goes into Aragon p. 434 Chap. IX Peace concluded betwixt Castile and Portugal The Turks get footing in Italy and are again expell'd King Alonso of Portugal dies Henry the late King of Castile 's Grants vacated by the Cortes Prince John Son to King Ferdinand Sworn Heir of Castile p. 435 Chap. X. Francis King of Navarre comes out of France is Crowned and soon after dies A Conspiracy against the King of Portugal punished and the Conspirators punished Peace betwixt Castile and Portugal ratified Luis XI King of France dies p. 437 The Twenty Fifth BOOK Chap. I. THE beginning of the War with Granada King Albahazen surprizes Zahara Alhama taken from the Infidels and in vain besieged by them again p. 440 Chap. II. Preparations for carrying on the War against the Moors Loxa in vain besieged and that War laid aside for some time Some Tumults in Galicia A great slaughter of Christians on the Mountains of Malaga p. 441 Chap. III. The Moors defeated and Boabdill their King taken and afterwards released The Affairs of Navarre Pope Sixtus dies Innocent VIII succeeds him Marquess del Gasto and Pescara from whom descended p. 444 Chap. IV. Alora and other Places taken from the Moors Albohardil Vsurps the Crown of Granada and defeats the Earl of Cabra The Rebellion in Naples Birth of the Princess Katherine of Castile afterwards Wife to Henry VIII King of England p. 446 Chap. V. The Tumults in Aragon and Catalonia Several Towns taken from the Moors A Sedition in Galicia King Albohardil attacks the Castle called Albayzin in Granada and is repulsed Azamor on the Coast of Africk delivered to the Portugueses p. 448 Chap. VI. King Ferdinand takes Malaga and other Places from the Moors Albohardil King of Granada having been defeated by the Christians is expelled by his Subjects and Boabdil Proclaimed King Mighty Discoveries made by the Portugueses in the East p. 450 Chap. VII Tumults in Aragon the Cities Associate there The War with the Moors renewed and several Places taken from them which they with the same facility recover Maximilian King of the Romans aims to Marry the Princess Elizabeth of Castile p. 452 Chap. VIII The Masterships of all the Military Orders in Spain annexed to the Crown for ever Three Cities and other Places taken from the Moors Elizabeth Princess of Castile Married to Alonso Prince of Portugal His and his Father's Death p. 453 Chap. IX The War with the Moors now effectually renewed The Description of the City of Granada King Ferdinand lays Siege to it and Builds a Town for his Army to Quarter in during the Siege to shew his Resolution not to depart without being Master of that City p. 456 Chap. X. A mighty Mutiny raised in Granada by a Phanatick Moor. The City surrendred to King Ferdinand The Character of King Ferdinand and Queen Elizabeth Their Triumphal Entry into Granada and Vniversal Joy for their Success p. 457 The Twenty Sixth BOOK Chap. I. THE Affairs of Britany The
or were taken by force and Toledo it self did not escape for it appears that City submitted to King Ferdinand so that a very small part remain'd to the young King On the other side the King of Navarre thinking this a good opportunity to recover his losses having first made Peace with Aragon broke into the Dominions of Castile and possess'd himself of Logron̄o Entren̄a Briviesca and other Towns Thus all the Country was filled with confusion Whilst Castile was thus rent with intestine Divisions the Moors of Andaluzia enjoy'd perfect Peace Only the Forces of Portugal and Aragon kept them in aw Raymund Prince of Aragon was in great renown for his perpetual good Fortune which was such that Lope the Moorish King of Murcia was subject to him and in France he had taken above 30 Strong-Holds and the Town of Trencataye which he destroy'd from the Family of Beauce who invaded Provence The Emperor Frederick who had favoured his Enemies sought his Friendship and a League was concluded betwixt them Raymund had brought out of Castile Rica the Widow of the Emperor Alonso and his Daughter Sancha contracted to his own Son At the instance of the Emperor Frederick it was agreed that Rica who was his Kinswoman should Marry Raymund Berengarius Earl of Provence who thereupon should possess all the said Earldom of Provence and the City Arles with its Territory To ratifie this Agreement it was resolv'd both Raymunds should meet the Emperor at Turin on the first of August in the Year 1162. On the way thither at S. Dalmacius a Town at the foot of the Alps Raymund Prince of Aragon fell sick and dy'd the 6th day of the same Month. Notwithstanding his Death Raymund Earl of Provence obtained of the Emperor all he desired Prince Raymund's Body was brought to his Country and buried in the Monastery of Ripoli as he had ordered Cortes or a Parliament being held at Huesca Raymund's last Will left by word of Mouth was repeated whereby he declared his Son Raymund his Successor who took possession of his Father's Principality by the name of Alonso To Peter his second Son he left Cerdagne Carcassonne and Narbonne Sancho the youngest was to succeed Peter in case he died without Heirs He made no mention of his Daughter Dulcis who was after Queen of Portugal nor of his Bastard Son Berengarius who was Bishop of Taraçona and Lerida and Abbot of Montaragon The King's Minority he being but 11 years old gave an opportunity to turbulent Spirits to raise Commotions An Impostor now openly affirmed he was King Alonso who as has been said was killed 28 years before at the Battle of Fraga He said he had been till then in Asia serving against the Infidels in the Holy-Land His Age and Features but most of all the Love the Multitude has for Novelties gained him some Reputation Great mischiefs might have ensued had not the Impostor been taken at Zaragoça and put to Death in the very beginning of the Tumult In the Year 1163. the Assembly of States or Parliament of Aragon was held at Barcelona The Queen Petronilla by the advice of the Nobility resigned over the Crown of Aragon to her Son then 13 years of Age. Raymund Earl of Provence who had some time governed Catalonia for his Cousin returned home and died in the Year 1166. King Alonso receiving the News at Girona by advice of the Nobility called himself Marquess of Provence for they pretended by the Emperor's Grant that Country was not only given to the late Earl of Provence but to Raymund Prince of Aragon and his Heirs which occasioned Wars in France CHAP. IV. Alonso the young King of Castile takes upon him the Government recovers most of his Dominions joins in League with the Aragonian and Marries Ellenor Daughter to Henry II. King of England Some Actions of Ferdinand King of Leon. IN Castile the People growing weary of the King of Leon invited their young King Alonso to take upon him the Government promising all would declare for him These invitations and the persuasions of the Nobility prevailed and he resolved to depart from Avila and visit the principal places of the Kingdom This was in the Year 1168. as some write I rather believe two years sooner by the computation of time for when his Father died he was 4 years of age and at this time 11. He was not deceived for many Cities received him with Joy and furnished all Necessaries for him and his Retinue which at first consisted of only a few Nobles and a Guard of 150 Horse furnished by the City Avila This was a small Force to recover so many Places as the King of Leon held with strong Garisons The King encouraged by Success resolved to try Toledo but feared Ferdinand Ruiz de Castro who held it would not be prevailed upon to deliver that City Stephen Illan a Citizen of note had built the Church of S. Romanus in the highest part of the City and adjoyning to it a Tower which served as well for Strength as an Ornament He was an Enemy to Ferdinand de Castro and therefore getting privately out of the City he conveyed the King disguised into the Tower Then setting up the Royal Standard he gave notice the King was there whereupon the Citizens running to Arms Ferdinand de Castro fled to Huete a Town then very strong as lying upon the Frontiers exposed to the Moors The People of Toledo as well those who had been against admitting the King as the most Loyal expressed great Joy and nothing resounded but God save the King Stephen Illan for his good Service was much honoured and made Governour of the City After his death the Citizens caused his Picture on Horse-back to be drawn on the Roof of the Cathedral behind the High Altar where it is still to be seen The King entred Toledo upon Friday the 26th of August On Michaelmass-day following died John Archbishop of Toledo when he had governed that Church with much applause 16 years Cerebrunus or Cenebrunus succeeded him a Man grateful to King Alonso having taught him the first Rudiments of Learning He had been Arch-deacon of Toledo and Bishop of Siguença and it is thought was a Frenchman The King after securing Toledo at the instigation of Manrique Earl of Lara his General marched against Ferdinand de Castro who refused not to meet him being supported by the People of Huete that stood firm to him Two Leagues from that Town at a place called Garcinaharro they came to a Battle Ferdinand de Castro fought in a disguise D. Manrique with all his might charged a Gentleman that was armed like a General and killed him believing it had been Ferdinand but was himself soon after slain by one of the said Ferdinand's Followers The General being killed the King's Forces were put to flight Nun̄o Brother to Manrique understanding the deceit used by Ferdinand de Castro laid Treachery to his charge
to reduce the Aragonians to submit to the Jurisdiction of the See of Toledo The Prelates of that Country in a Provincial Synod held at Valencia had Decreed that the Archbishop of Toledo should not have his Cross carry'd before him in that Province and Interdicted any Town that should permit him to do it D. Roderick happening to be there continu'd to have his Cross carry'd as usual for which D. Peter de Alvalete the chief Fomenter of that Contention declar'd him Excommunicate They had recourse to Pope Gregory IX who gave Judgment in favour of Toledo Yet the Aragonians not submitting D. Roderick now undertook this Journey to secure his Prerogative He dy'd in France being upon his way home His Body was brought into Spain and bury'd at Huerta a Monastery of Benardine Monks on the Borders of Aragon Near to the High Altar is to be seen his Sepulchre with an Inscription in unpolish'd Latin suitable to that time to this effect Birth Navarre gave Castile me bred and Paris taught Huerta my Bones receiv'd my Soul Heaven sought His Body dy'd but the fame of his Vertue will last for ever John II. of that Name by some called of Medina succeeded him in the Archbishoprick About the same time dy'd Raymund Earl of Provence leaving four Daughters Margaret Marry'd to S. Luis King of France Ellenor to Henry King of England Sancha to Richard the Brother of the said Henry and Beatrix to Charles Earl of Anjou This Earl tho' his Wife was the youngest by the assistance of King Luis and consent of that People inherited the Dominions of his Father-in-law Mean while King Ferdinand staid at Cordova resolving to lay close Siege to Sevil. He sent Raymund Boniface a Native of Burgos and well versed in Maritime Affairs to fit out a Fleet in Biscay that Country being stor'd with Wood and the People good Sea-men Whilst the Fleet was providing the King laid Siege to Carmona in the Year 1246. or thereabouts The Town was well Fortified had a strong Garison and plenty of Provisions for which reasons it could not be entred yet it submitted to pay down a great Sum of Money and a Yearly Tribute for the future Constantina Reyna Lora Cantillana and Guillena were all taken some by Assault others surrendred Reyna was given to the Knights of Santiago Constantina to the Council of the City Cordova and Lora to the Knights of S. John All things succeeded prosperously only it was fear'd lest the King of Aragon should be some hindrance to the Affairs of Castile for that King was displeased with Prince Alonso upon pretence that he did not keep within the Limits assign'd by agreement to the Conquest of each Crown It was fear'd this might come to a Breach and therefore some Persons employ'd to adjust these Matters sought means to reconcile all differences Nothing appear'd more effectual than a Match betwixt Prince Alonso and Violante King Jayme's Daughter which might be advantagious to both Kingdoms This was no sooner proposed than agreed to by both Parties and the Marriage was Celebrated with all Magnificence at Valladolid in the Month of November King Ferdinand was not present at the Solemnity being wholly bent upon the Siege of Sevil for now Raymund Boniface with a Fleet of 13 Sail had Coasted about by Cape Finisterre and lay before the Mouth of the River Guadalquivir where he Vanquisht the Enemies Navy The Moors of Tangier and Ceuta fitted out a Fleet of 20 Ships and Galleys for the Relief of Sevil and meeting with our Squadron there ensu'd a desperate Fight Those Africans were experienced Seamen and being so much superior in number would not give way to the Biscainers who with the lightness of their Vessels had the advantage to shun the Enemy when there was occasion and to lay them Aboard when they found it for their purpose Three Ships of the Moors were taken two sunk one burnt and the rest fled Aragon was now under an Interdict and all the Churches shut up The occasion was that the King in his Youth had familiarity with D. Teresa Vidaura who now challenged him for her Husband before the Pope pleading a Verbal Contract She having no Witness Sentence was given against her After this the Bishop of Girona to whom some say the King had revealed the secret acquainted the Pope with it upon which the Pope was inclinable to call the Cause over again This being known to the King in a rage he sent for the Bishop and caused his Tongue to be cut out If the Bishop revealed a secret told him in Confession he well deserv'd that Punishment As soon as Pope Innocent who then held the Council at Lions as has been said heard what had been done he laid an Interdict on the Kingdom and Excommunicated the King Hereupon the King submitting begg'd Absolution which was granted and the Pennance imposed on him that he should finish the Monastery of Benifacianum begun 20 Years before in the Mountains of Tortosa and assign it Revenues to the yearly value of 200 Marks of Silver also 600 Marks yearly to the Hospital at Valencia and that he should erect a Chapellany in the Cathedral of Girona where Prayers should be perpetually offered up for himself and Successors This account is taken out of the Records of the Monastery Benifacianum and tho' most Authors make no mention of it I would not wholly omit it The Reader may give credit to it as he thinks the thing deserves In the utmost part of Spain towards the West stands the City of Sevil the Metropolis of Andaluzia and for Riches may be reckoned among the Chiefest in Europe It s strength consists not only in the Walls but the number of Inhabitants its beauty in the numerous stately Buildings and splendour of the People Betwixt this City which is on the left hand and a Suburb called Triana on the right runs the River Guadalquivir hem'd in with high Keys and carrying water enough for Ships of great burden which renders it commodious for the Trade of the Ocean and Mediterranean A Bridge of Wood built upon Boats joyns the Suburb to the City In the City is the old Palace inhabited by the ancient Kings in the Suburb facing the East is another stately Royal House Near the River stands a Tower for the excellency of its Workmanship commonly call'd the Golden Tower Near the Cathedral is another Tower of Brick exceeding all the others being 60 Yards in breadth and four times that height upon it another little Tower now White-washed and Painted with sundry Figures wonderfully beauteous It would be too tedious to relate all that is great and extraordinary in this City There were in it at this time 24000 Families divided into 28 Parishes The first and chiefest is S. Mary and is the Cathedral none in Spain compares with it for greatness It is a common saying of the Churches of Spain that of Toledo is Rich that of Salamanca Strong
Abbot of Valladalid for that it was he who started that Discourse and consulted with the Queen how to be reveng'd They thought fit to call him to Aâ—â—ount for the administration of the Royal Revenue which he had Charge of and the Business was committed to the Arch-Bishop of Toledo King Sancho went away to Santiago in 〈◊〉 and by the way in the Monasterâ— of Sahagun finding that the Bonca of King Alonso the VIth and his two Queens Elizabeth and Mary were meanly laterred he â—â—us'd them to be put into decent Tombs with 〈…〉 Being return'd to Valladâ—lid he honour'd D. Lope Diaz de Haro â—â—rd of Biscay to whom chiefly he 〈…〉 Crown with the place of Lord Steward of his Household and his Standard heaâ—ery Besides he made him Governour of many Forth and on the 1st of January gave him the Title of an Earl all these Honours in remainder to his son James Lopez de Haro 〈…〉 de Haro Brother to D. Lope was made General of 〈…〉 Thus that Family increas'd Riches and Power and D. Lope became the King 's Favouriâ—â— all Things were govern'd according to his Will in so much that the other Nobles complain'd he tyranniz'd in the Name of King Sancho Paticularly the People of Leon and Gâ—â—cia found fault that he bestow'd all 〈…〉 upon his own Creatures D. Lope great yâ—t more Hanghty having marry'd his Daughter Mary to Prince John and endeavour'd to have the King put away his Queen that he might Marry his Consin Gulielma Daughter to â—astâ—n Earl 〈…〉 This was not at all pleasing to the King who had now by the Queen another Son call'd Alonso and therefore sought an Opportunity to â—ake off D. Lope yet fearing some Rebellion kept him close about his Person in the same Hâ—â—â—ur whilst he visited the Kingdom of Toledo and went to 〈◊〉 The Design of this burney was to 〈◊〉 the People of Galicia who had revolted and put a stop to the incursions of the 〈…〉 Prince Alonso the King of Portugal's Brother and D. Alvar NunÌ„oz de Lara Son to D. John de Lara a restless Man and us'd to live upon Rapine Prince Alonso was possess'd of the 〈◊〉 of Pertalegâ—â— and Roncaâ— on the Frontiers of Castile and Portugal 〈◊〉 Lope de Haro was lest to reduce the Rebels of Galicia The affair of Portugal was 〈◊〉 of between that King and him of Castile and they agreeing with joynt Forces laid Siege to Ronca destroy'd all the Country and oblig'd it to surrender The two Kings being together at this Siege the Portuguese advis'd the Castilian to take D. Alvar NunÌ„ez de Lara into Favour that his Greatness might serve as a check to D. Lope de Haro which was done accordingly D. Lope diving into that Design upon pretence of visiting his Cousin the Viscount of Bearne withdrew into Navarre The Navarrois were of themselves inclinable to make War against Castile and therefore upon his coming took up Arms. Clement Luna a Frenchman was then Viceroy of Navarre Many Incursions were made by the Navarrois as well into Castile as Aragon but nothing of Note was done except taking the Town of Salvatierra from the later The Aragonians made War into Italy with better success Roger Lauria a brave Commander and famous for his late Victories surpriz'd a mighty Fleet of the Enemy near Naples and after a sharp Dispute obtain'd a compleat Victory taking 42 Sale and 5000 Prisoners among which were many of Note Most of them were ransom'd only Guido de Montfort was not releas'd the Kings of England and Aragon being his 〈…〉 Enemies because this Man was Great Grand-son to Simon Earl of Montfort who as has been said overthrew and kill'd Peter King of Aragon in the War of Toulouze And Simon Grand-son to the other Simon took Richard Brother to King Henry of England Prisoner Guido also cruelly Murder'd Henry the Son of that Richard the Emperour in the Cathedral of Viterbo at Man in Revenge for his Father kill'd in Battle by Edward King of England The French and English Historians affirm 〈◊〉 Guido was deliver'd up to the King of England A Sicilian Writer of that Age positively says he 〈…〉 Sicily of a Disease which could not be cur'd without having to do with a Woman which he absolutely refus'd because he would not wrong his Wife Margueriâ—e who after his Death behav'd not her self so well as she ought to have done The Aragonians were now at Peace and famous for their Riches Strength and the memorable Action they had perform'd Only the King of Majorca â—â—â—ested the Coast of â—â—â—alonia but â—â— nothing Remarkable Alonso King of Aragon was renowned and had the Ballance of Peace and War in his Hands keeping the two rightful Princes of Castile Prisoners in Aragon and him of Salerâ—o in Sicily These Princes growing weary of their Confinement inclin'd to admit of any 〈…〉 so they might be enlarg'd and great Kings interceded for them Many 〈…〉 sent from France and Castile upon that Affair but the Authority of Edward King of England was of most Weight because the Aragonian sought to Marry his Daughter Ellâ—â—or â—â—ose Kings resolv'd to meet at the City Oloron in the Province of Bearne and there 〈…〉 of the King of England it was agreed that the Prince of Salerno should be set at Liberty within a Year upon these Conditions That the Kingdom of Sicily should remain to D. Jayme That he should prevail with the Pope to give his consent and take 〈…〉 censures under which the Kingdom of Aragon lay That he should Pay 30000 Marks of Silver That Charles of Valcis should quit his Pretensions to the Crown of Aragon given him by Pope Martin And that if all this were not perfor 〈◊〉 within the Term of three Years that Prince should return in Prison and in the mean while should give his Three Sons Robert Charles and Luis and Sixty Men of Note of 〈…〉 as Hostages Charles Prince of 〈◊〉 being set at liberty went over into France and thence into Tuscany and after having appeas'd the Tumults rais'd by the 〈◊〉 in Rodâ— was at last by Pope 〈◊〉 the IV th declared King of Apulia and Sicily and accordingly 〈…〉 Pope pretended the late Agreement was invalid being made without his Consent that Kingdom being an antient Fleâ— of the Church This highly perplexed the King of Aragon and the Wordâ— for that he understand that Sancho King of Castile was 〈…〉 to break 〈◊〉 him and joyn with the King of France the Queen and Arch-Bishop of Toledo favouring the French and many others oppos'd He â—â— many Troubles ensu'd and D. Lope de Haro dying â—â— shall be related but Friends and 〈…〉 fled to Aragon and were the 〈◊〉 of new Wars This 〈…〉 speedily with the French The Embassadors of both Kings and the Popes 〈…〉 at the â—â—ity Lyons in French and â—here they agreed Thâ—â— King Sancho should give to D. Alonso de la Cerda the Kingdom of Mâ—â—câ—â— upon Condition he
chosen in his stead Also Pope Sixtus gave the Archbishoprick of Sevil to Cardinal Roderick Borgia but the King opposed him and it was given to James de Mendoça then Bishop of Palencia Thus the Kings of Spain began to claim the Right of nominating their Bishops The Neapolitans and Venetians were now at War about Hercules Duke of Ferrara whom the former Protected because he was Married to their King's Daughter On the 12th of August died Pope Sixtus His Successor was Cardinal John Baptista Cibo who took the Name of Innocent the 8th At the same time died In̄igo Davalos Son to the Constable Ruy Lopez Davalos He was in high favour with the Kings of Naples and left several Children of whom some Princes in Italy are descended and particularly the famous Ferdinand Marquess of Pescara who filled not only Italy but all the World with the same of his Exploits Inigo Davalo was Father to D. Alonso Marquess del Gasto who was also renowned for his Valour and his Cousin dying without Children he Inherited his Estate which he left to his Heirs upon Condition one of them should be called Marquess de Pescara and the next Marquess del Gasto alternatively as is practised till this day CHAP. IV. Alora and other Places taken from the Moores Albohardil usurps the Crown of Granada and defeats the Earl of Cabra The Rebellion in Naples Birth of the Princess Catherine of Castile afterwards Wife to Henry VIII King of England IN Andaluzia our Forces never ceas'd to harass the Enemies Country At Cordoua a Council was held to agree about undertaking some Enterprize and tho the Master of Santiago was of another Opinion the Marquess of Cadiz his Advice prevailed which was to attack Alora a Town almost in the mid-way between Antequera and Malaga It is stronger by Nature than any addition of Art The Army was ready to march when King Ferdinand came and approved of the Enterprize The better to amuze the Enemy he gave out he was going to put new Forces into Alhama but being come to Antequera turned short and set down before Alora unexpected Our Cannon soon beat down part of the Walls which so terrified the Moores that they surrendred on the 21th of June upon Condition to carry their Goods with them We lost not one Man in this Siege Several other Places were attacked and at one called Caçarabonela where there was a Skirmish with a Body of the Enemy D. Gutierre de Sotomayor Earl of Benalcaçar being too eager was killed in the prime of his Age. After this 300 Knights of Calatrava were put into Alhama under the Command of Garzi Lopez de Padilla chosen Master of that Order in the place of Roderick Tellez Giron deceased The King marched on and incamped in sight of Granada His Army consisted of 6000 Horse and scarce 10000 Foot In the City there were reported to be 70000 Combatants a number scarce to be believed However King Ferdinand ravaged all that place and having spent 50 days in this Expedition returned with his Army entire and loaded with Plunder to the Christian Territories The Command of Alora he gave to Luis Fernandez Portocarrero D. Alvaro de Mendoça Earl of Castro was made Admiral that he being a Man of singular Conduct might hinder any Succours from passing out of Africk After the heat of the Summer was over the Christians again took the Field They battered a Castle near Malaga called Septenil which the Besieged terrified with the Cannon surrendred being payed for the Provisions they left behind them Thence our Army marched towards Ronda a strong and almost inaccessible City being seated betwixt craggy Mountains the greatest part of it encompassed by a River the rest covered with Rocks The Inhabitants of this place were Resolute and Warlike and well provided with all Necessaries for their Defence Our Forces being come in sight of the Walls destroyed all the Orchards and Olive-Trees thereabouts but Money growing short to pay the Soldiers they made but a short stay there The Army being put into Winter-quarters the King and Queen went away to Sevil and came to that City upon the 2d of October In the month of January 1485 the King took the Field thinking to surprize the City Loxa but desisted by reason of the Rains and bad Weather as also because a Soldier of Note called John de Ortega said that design was impracticable The Nobility came in daily with their Troops so that in a little time the Army amounted to 9000 Horse and 20000 Foot With this Force it was decreed to prosecute the War At the same time the Citizens of Almeria as if their King Boabdil were the Cause of all their Misfortunes assaulted his Palace killed his Brother and secured his Mother who had been the chief Incendiary betwixt the Father and Son King Boabdil himself being then out of the Town as soon as he received the News of that Misfortune fled with a few Followers to Cordoua The Inhabitants of Ronda whose numbers were much decreased were in a great Consternation A Moore called Joseph Xerife gave notice of it to the Marquess of Cadiz and it was decreed to undertake that Enterprize First they attacked a Town called Cohine near Alora which they took by Assault and razed because it was too large to be defended Another Town called Cartama of which all the Valley takes Name was also taken The Master of Santiago was made Governor of it at his own Request This done they marched to Malaga where Albohardil the Moorish King's Brother resided in whose Valour the Moores chiefly confided for the Reputation he gained in the Slaughter of the Christians on the Mountains of Malaga Little was done there and the Army returned the way it came to Ronda The Forces were divided into 5 parts that they might encompass the Town on all sides The King with the greatest Body encamped before the Castle All the Avenues were secured that no Succours might get into the Town which was then much weakned a great number of the Inhabitants being abroad upon Parties to plunder in Andalusia For these Reasons and because the Christians advanced their Works with great Industry the Besieged surrendred upon Articles the 23d of May. Among the other Conditions it was agreed that some of the Principal Inhabitants should have Revenues assigned them at Sevil out of the Estates of Gonçalo Picon and others condemned by the Inquisition A good Garrison was put into that City Several other Towns along the Mountain surrendred the chief whereof were Caçarabonela and Marbella which lies near the Sea The Moores were in a great Consternation and had little help in their Kings the one being fled the other ancient sickly and almost blind This moved them to choose for their King Muley Albohardil who resided at Malaga and was a Man of great Courage and Conduct He immediately accepted of the Crown they offered him went away to Granada and entred that City in Triumphant manner being proud
that he had killed 90 Christians by the way who lay very secure upon Sierra Nevada The Citizens with great Acclamations proclaimed him King Albohazen at the beginning of this Mutiny went away to Almun̄ecar where his Treasure lay There his cruel Brother caused him to be Murdered only to secure himself in the Throne he had usurped King Ferdinand tho many were of Opinion the Soldiers who were harassed with the late Expeditions ought to rest commanded the Army to Rendezvous at Alcala Real because that Town was upon the Frontiers and went himself thither from Cordcua upon the first of September notwithstanding the Heat was excessive that part of the Country being naturally hotter than the rest of Spain The Earl of Cabra desiring to signalize himself begged he might first enter the Moorish Territories as he did with 700 Horse and 3000 Foot He was ordered to take with him Martin Alonso de Montemayor and to sit down before Moclin a strong Town near Granada the King promising to back them with the whole Army The Earl marched day and night to surprize the new King Albohardil who he understood was quartered near that place with 1500 Horse and a greater number of Foot This Design being discovered to the Moore he removed to a Hill and at break of day fell upon the Christians in certain Defiles with such fury that the best Soldiers were killed and most of the Foot The Earl lost his Brother Gonçalo and he with a few Horse fled towards the way where he expected to meet Garzi Lopez de Padilla Master of Calatrava who followed those that had advanced before This Loss so troubled King Ferdinand that he retired for some time On the Frontier near Jaen are two Towns and Castles called Cambil and Albahar The River Frio runs betwixt them and tho small is difficult to be waded because of its high Banks Both these Places were besieged Albahar is beyond the River and near it is a Hill that commands it on which the King tho with much labour caused the Cannon to be planted This so terrified the Moores that they surrendred both Towns and Castles on the 23d of September being the very day on which they were lost 120 years before After this the King put the Army into Winter Quarters and went himself with the Queen to Alcala de Henares During this Expedition died D. Alonso de Aragon Duke de Villahermosa the King's Brother a brave Commander His Body was deposited at Baeça and thence translated to Poplete the burial-place of his Ancestors Of him are descended the Dukes of Villahermosa and Earls of Ribagorça In Toledo the Inquisition severely punished those who renouncing the Christian Faith became Jews A great number of those People who were reconciled and implored Mercy was pardoned They are now called De la Gracia that is the People of Grace The Nobility of Naples had now raised a Bloody War against their King Ferdinand upon the usual Pretences Pope Innocent favoured them but it was rather in Words than Effect for he was ancient and otherwise employed The chief of the Conspirators were the Princes of Salerno Basigniano and Altamura as also the Marquess del Gasto It was reported that Frederick the King's Son under-hand supported the Rebels but this could never be proved The Wicked Life of Alonso Duke of Calabria the King 's Eldest Son was one great Motive of this Revolt The King resolved to reduce the Rebels rather by Policy than Force and therefore gave his General Pardon to all the Mutiniers King Ferdinand of Spain also sent the Earl of Tendilla his Ambassador to ingage to those Noblemen for their safety provided they laid down their Arms. But the King of Naples as soon as the Storm was over made no account of those Promises and at several times as occasion served seized the Heads of the Rebellion and put them all to death King Ferdinand of Castile ceased not to protest against those Proceedings but he of Naples ceased not to proceed in cutting off his Enemies which proved fatal to him at last as we shall see in its place Let us turn back On the 16th of December Queen Elizabeth at Aloala de Henares was delivered of a Daughter called Catherine well known in the World as Wife to two Brothers Sons to the King of England and for her great Sufferings caused by the inordinate Lust and infidelity of her Husband which also drew great Calamities upon the whole English Nation Their Sins and Rebellion drew Judgments upon them Richard III. having murdered his Two Nephews Edward and Richard the rightful Heirs of the Crown usurped the Kingdom He Govern'd like a Tyrant and ended accordingly Henry Earl of Richmond who had been a Prisoner in Britany having obtained his Liberty overthrew the Tyrant in Battle and killed him By that means he secured the Crown to himself This Henry had a Son called Henry like himself who was the Eighth of that Name King of England and famous for his Incontinency for putting away Catherine his Wife and for disowning the Supremacy of the Pope besides many other Crimes which have left an indelible stain upon his Name CHAP. V. The Tumults in Aragon and Catalonia Several Towns taken from the Moores A Sedition in Galicia King Albohardil attacks the Castle call'd Albaizin in Granada and is repulsed Azamor on the Coast of Africk delivered to the Portugueses SOme small Tumults hapned in Aragon but those in Catalonia were more dangerous yet the Prudence of King Ferdinand overcame them all The City Zaragoça is seated in a Plain on the Banks of the River Ebro and is in Beauty Riches and number of Inhabitants almost equal to the best in Spain This Place has often Mutinied in defence of its Priviledges as it hapned at this time John de Burgos the King 's Alguazil gave some ill Language to Peter Cerdan the Chief of the Aldermen and Head of their Counsel Others coming in apprehended the Alguazil Tried Condemned and Hanged him which was a great Affront to the King He was then upon the point of entring upon the Kingdom of Granada with his Army and therefore sent Orders to John Hernandez de Heredia supream Governor of that Kingdom to punish all that had a Hand in that Affair with the utmost rigor and at the same time told the Deputies sent by the City that no harm should be done for he was expert in Dissembling The Head of the Aldermen could not be apprehended because the Chief Justice of Aragon protected him but Martin Pertusa who was the next and had been very active in the Business of the Alguazil was suddenly Executed the King's Letters being carried before him upon a Spear to awe the People who were ready to Rescue him This struck a Terror into the others and so the Sedition was appeased Soon after another Tumult hapned upon account of a more Hainous Crime than the last Peter Arbuc was Inquisitor in that City and punished
a Breach being made in the Wall they entred the City by Force The Earl was wounded in the Arm with a Dart and obliged to retire into the Castle which was not well provided for a Siege The Castle was battered and undermined This News being carried to Tangier where D. John de Meneses lay and to Sevil where the Catholick King was D. John set out immediately with his Fleet. He fought Two days with the Enemy who were already Masters of one of the Bulwarks drove them thence and relieved the besieged reduced to extreamity The King sent Orders to Peter Navarro who lay at Gibraltar to Succour Arzila Ramiro de Guzman Governor of Xerez with a Ship wherein were 300 Foot and some Horse sailed first and got into the Castle with John de Meneses With this Relief the besieged not only defended themselves but sallying drove the Enemy from their Ditch and Out-works On the 30th of October came Count Peter Navarro who plaid his Cannon so furiously among the Moors that Encamped along the Shore that they were forced to break up and the King of Fez having burnt the Town retired to Alcaçarquivir The saving of this Place contributed much to preserving of the others on the Coast of Africk King Emanuel joyful for this good News sent 6000 Cruzados as a Present to Peter Navarro for his good Service and the same Sum to the Governor of Xerez They both excused themselves from receiving this Present saying they served the Catholick King and expected their Reward from his Bounty He returned thanks to the Catholick King for so seasonable a Relief yet at the same time complained of his taking Pen̄on as appertaining to the Conquests of Portugal being in the Kingdom of Fez. The Catholick King pleaded that Veles was a distinct Kingdom of it self and that Pen̄on was a Charge and no Profit only to secure the Coast of Granada yet offered if it appeared to belong to the Crown of Fez to deliver it up whensoever King Emanuel should attempt any thing on that Side In November died the Earl of Lerin at Aranda de Xarque in Aragon his Son D. Luis de Biamonte succeeded him CHAP. VI. Discovery of Conspiracies in Spain The League of Cambray The Soldans Fleet worsted in India Death of Henry VII of England Henry VIII succeeds him THE Catholick King returned from Sevil to Castile in the dead of Winter for Two reasons One was that D. Peter Brother to D. James de Guevara who was in Germany in the Emperor's Service coming to Spain disguized in the Habit of a Footman was taken and being put to the Rack declared that many of the Nobility held Intelligence with the Emperor the chiefest of them were the Great Captain the Duke of Najara and Earl of Urena The other was that the Duke del Infantado and other great Men conspired against him and the Cardinal of Spain had a Hand in those Proceedings The Earl of Tendilla by his Wisdom drew the Duke del Infantado and others of that Family from their purposes by his good Advice King Ferdinand reduced the others some by fair Promises and some by Threats In particular he agreed with the Marquess of Villena and in lieu of that City and Almansa besides the full value of them gave him Tolox and Monda in the Kingdom of Granada wherewith he seemed content The Emperor to be at leasure to Revenge himself of the Catholick King was for composing all Differences with France and in order to it the Princess Margaret on his Part and the Cardinal d' Amboise for the Pope and King of France met at Cambray Thither repaired Jaime de Albion the Catholick King 's Ambassador in France and tho' the Emperor designed to exclude King Ferdinand the Business was so managed by the Pope that those Three Princes joined in League with him against the Venetians for Recovery of what that State had taken from each of them He that first recovered his own was obliged to assist the others and the Emperor and King of France to go in Person to this Expedition The first day of April following they were to commence the War The Emeperor offered by that time to give the King of France the investiture of Milan provided he paid him 100000 Crowns for the same and should be obliged to assist him to Recover what the Venetians had taken from him and yet the Emperor not to be obliged to Aid him for recovery of what appertained to Milan That Judges should be appointed to decide all Differences betwixt the Emperor and the Catholick King lest they should be any hindrance to their Proceedings against the Venetians It was agreed the Duke of Savoy should be invited to come into the League on account of the Kingdom of Cyprus which he pretended to and the Venetians were possessed of Also the Duke of Ferrara and Marquess of Mantua who had their Pretensions What is more the Kings of Spain and France to whom the People of Florence and Pisa had referred all their Differences delivered up Pisa to the Florentines in hopes to draw them into the League and for the Sum of 100000 Ducats A shameful thing for such Princes to sell the Liberty of a Republick that had put it self into their Hands but chiefly King Ferdinand was to blame Pisa being immediately under his Protection This League was concluded on the 10th of December Thence the Princess Margaret went to Franche Comte to take Possession of some Towns the King of France had ingaged to deliver to the Duke of Burgundy This same Month died at Naples Robert de Sanseverino Prince of Salerno He left a young Son called Ferdinand who was Heir of his Estate and Hatred to the Crown of Aragon which produced his Ruin King Ferdinand swore to the performance of the Articles aforesaid at Valladolid in the beginning of the following Year before the Pope's Nuncio and the Emperor and King of France's Ambassadors Canspon Soldon of Caire moved by the Importunity of the Kings of Calicut and Cambaya but much more by the decrease of his Revenue occasioned by the Loss of the Trade of Alexandria resolved to ruin the Trade of the Portugueses in India To this purpose he first sent the Guardian of Hierusalem to the Pope as has been said Finding this did not succeed he fitted out a Fleet at Suez in the Red Sea consisting of 6 Gallies 1 Galleon and 4 Carracs and in them 800 Mamalukes which were his best Men being most Renegado Christians The Command of this Fleet he gave to Mir Hozem who sailing out of the Red Sea directed his Course for India Francis de Almeyda the Portuguese Governor there had sent his Son Laurence with 8 Sail to secure the Coasts and Convoy the Ships bound for Portugal some part of the Way He burnt many Ships of the Moors and was in the Port of Caul when News was brought to him of the Soldan's Fleet. Melique Governor of Diu for the King of Cambaya
was proposed that Prince Ferdinand should Marry the youngest Daughter of France and her Portion should be the States of Milan and Genoa and King Ferdinand should give his Grandson the Kingdom of Naples These were only Contrivances to gain time especially on the King of France his part who dreaded the English breaking into Picardy by the way of Calais King Henry laid Siege to Therouenne and having defeated the French that came to relieve it took and dismantled it Then he sat down before Tournay at such time as the Earl of Surry in England vanquished and killed the King of Scots who in favour of the French invaded England Hereupon Tournay surrendred There the Emperor Princess Margaret and Prince Charles came to see the King of England Thence they went to Lisle where it was agreed as soon as the Truce was expired the Emperor and Kings of England and Spain should each on their own Side Invade France King Ferdinand was to conquer Guienne for the English but it appeared he did not approve of this Treaty The Match before proposed betwixt Prince Charles and the King of England's Sister was confirmed and it was agreed it should be Consummated the following Year Summer being spent King Henry returned into England France was in distress the Swisse having broke through Burgundy Monsieur de la Trimoville overthrew and yet compounded with them The King of France ingag'd not to favour the Council of Pisa and to withdraw his Garrisons out of the Castles of Milan and Cremona No part of this Accord was performed except what related to submitting to the Church Whilst the other Christian Kings wasted their Forces against one another King Emanuel of Portugal enjoyed Peace at home and extended his Conquests in Africk and India On the Western Coast of Africk stands the City Azamor which is large and rich and belongs to the Kingdom of Fez. The Country about it is plentiful being watered by the River Omirabin which runs by the Town King Emanuel had some Years before this as has been said thought to possess himself of this Place by the means of one Zeiam a Moor who deceived him and made himself Master of it At this time the King fitted out a Fleet shipping aboard it 20000 Foot and 2700 Horse under the Command of the Duke of Bragança After a troublesome Voyage they landed at Azamor about Autumn Several Skirmishes passed betwixt them and the Defendants as also those that came to relieve the Place but many Men of Note among the Moors being killed the rest fled out at a Gate that could not be secured and thus the City was taken about the beginning of September Some neighbouring Places surrendred and among them the Citties of Gita and Almedina Having left a good Garrison at Azamor under the Command of Roderick Barreto and John de Meneses the Duke returned to Portugal tho' many advised to besiege the City Morocco but he said he had no such Orders This Success encouraged King Emanuel to prosecute his Conquests along the Coast of Africk on that side and therefore resigned any Pretensions he might have to Pen̄on and the City Velez upon Condition the Catholick King should not pretend to any thing along the Coast of the Kingdom of Fez even down to Cape Bojador In Italy the Viceroy entred the Territory of the Venetians by the way he took many Boats and Carts loaded with the Goods of People that fled Pieve de Saco a delightful Place where are all the Country Houses of the Venetians he plundered and burnt He passed the River Brenta and took Mistre which is as it were a Suburb of Venice At the end of the Channels are certain Houses which they call Palizas within Cannon-shot of the City Thence they Cannonaded it the Balls flying as far as the Monastery of S. Segundus but the Affront was more than the harm done Our Army was encompassed by Enemies On the one side was Treviso on the other Padua and Albiano who drew near with his Army being resolved to fight The Viceroy retired towards Vincenza and marched in one Day 14 miles tho' above 500 Carts followed the Army loaded with Baggage and Plunder Paul Baillon from Treviso and the Garrison of Padua joyned Albiano In all his Army consisted of 7000 Foot and 1200 Horse besides 10000 of the Country People that appeared upon the Mountains Albiano marched to cut off the Viceroy from Vincenza and encamped in a narrow Pass near a Town called Olmo Our Army was in great danger it being impossible to advance and dangerous to turn back yet they resolved to retire that they might draw the Enemy into the open Field They thinking our Men had fled pursued hastily and in Disorder whereupon the Viceroy by the advice of Prosper Colona and the Marquess of Pescara commanded his Germans to charge the Enemy which they did with such fury that they soon broke them The Marquess of Pescara pursued them up to the City where the Gates being shut many were drowned in the River and among them Sacromoro Visconte This done the Viceroy with the Germans and some Spaniards attacked a Body of the Enemies Horse and Foot who fortified themselves on a Hill with 5 Pieces of Cannon These also were easily put to flight This Battel was fought on the 7th of October 700 Venetian Men at Arms were killed all their Foot dispersed Paul Baillon and many others and 22 Pieces of Cannon were taken Albiano and Griti escaped The Viceroy marched to Vincenza where he stayed some Days At the same time the Castle of Bergamo was taken from the Venetians by Storm Paul Baillon was released upon his Parole that he would surrender himself again in case the Venetians would not give Alonso de Carvajal in Exchange for him Carvajal died in Prison and Baillon never returned On the 20th of November the Castle of Milan was surrendred as was that of Cremona Nothing was left the French in Lombardy but the Castle of Lanterna at Genoa The Duke layed Siege to it and the Adornos and Fliscos encamped before Genoa but were forced to retire leaving some of their Cannon behind The Pope continued the Lateran Council and admitted the French Ambassadors they in their King's Name renouncing the Council of Pisa and the Protection of the Schismaticks so the Gallican Church submitted to the Roman The Pope was concerned to see the Republick of Venice so near Destruction and underhand designed to relieve it He sent to require the Viceroy to proceed no farther against it that some Accommodation might be made Aragon was now in an Uproar on account of some Quarrel between the Earls of Ribagorça and Aranda At length the King interposing the Difference came to Tryal and the Earl of Ribagorça being found faulty was banished the Kingdom of Aragon during the King's Pleasure In the Kingdom of Naples some Towns had revolted being oppressed by their Lords And Peter de Castro tho' with much trouble reduced them all
15 Hannibal Governs in Spain 19 Marches through France towards Rome 21 His Progress in Italy 22 Hanno His Voyage to the Southward He and Hunilco Return to Carthage 15 His Actions in Spain 16 Hanno in Sicily with 21 Spaniards and 10000 Africans 16 Hegira the Mahometan Computation of time used in Spain 100 Heir of Castile made Prince of Asturias 305 Heliogabalus Reigns 3 Years and 9 Months 57 Helvius Pertinax Reigns 2 Months and 28 Days 57 Helvius recovers Illiturgum and routs the Spaniards 31 Henry I. King of Castile but 11 Years of Age. 196 Is Married Parted from his Wife on account of consanguinity 197 His Death 399 Henry the Bastard Proclaims himself King of Castile and is the 2d of the Name 283 Is routed 285 Returns into Spain 286 Finds many Enemies Takes Carmona and breaks the Articles 289 His Death 295 Henry III. Proclaimed King of Castile 307 Takes upon him the Government 313 Dies 323 Anotable Action of his His Will 324 Henry IV. of Castile his Birth 346 Rebels against his Father 372 Reconciled to him 376 Proclaimed King of Castile 381 How disposed 381 Ravages the Territories of the Moors and Marries Joanna Sister to the King of Portugal 383 Raises mean Persons in opposition to the Nobility 386 Proclaimed Earl of Barcelona by the Rebels there 404 Supposed to be Poisoned 420 Dies 422 Henry V. King of England Invades France 339 Henry VII King of England his Death 533 Heny VIII King of England 533 Takes Therouenne and Tournay 556 Henry King of Navarre F. 216. p. 2 Dies 216 Henry Prince of Castile Governs 236 Henry Earl of Portugal Dies 165 Heresie of the Albigenses its Original 191 Of Nestorius revived 109 Heretical Opinions Condemned in Spain 434 Hereticks expelled Leon. 192 Herminij entirely subdued 44 Hesperus Reigns 7 Hierome Savonarola a famous Preacher in Florence burnt 481 Hierusalem lost 184 Taken by the Christians 158 Himilco and Hanno 14 Himilco Sails along the Coast of Spain 14 Hirtuleyus General for Sertorius twice routs the Romans 42 Hispalus King 7 Holy War in the East 155 Honorius the Emperor Reigned above 28 Years 70 Honours done to the Archbishop of Toledo 196 Horrid Treason of a Bishop 99 Houses of Haro and Lara reconciled 242 Huesca besieged Surrendred 156 I. Jaen City described Besieged Surrendred F. 209 p. 2 Jayme or James I. King of Aragon 194 Comes into Spain 195 Escapes from his Keepers 198 Marries Ellenor of Castile 201 A Conspiracy against him He is Seized 202 Escapes and invades Valencia 203 Kills the Rebel Peter de Ahones 203 Lands in Majorca 205 Wounded at the Siege of Valencia F. 217. p. 2 Marries his Son to the Daughter of the King of Sicily F. 213 2 Goes to Toledo 215 2 Imbarks for the Holy Land 216 Dies His Issue 219 Jayme or James the 2d King of Aragon Pag. 233 Proclaim'd King of Sardinia and Corsica 238 Dies 252 Jayme Heir of Aragon Abdicates 250 Jealousies of Princes 540 Jealousie the Cause of King Philip's Quen's Distemper 519 Jews banish'd Spain 83 460 Converted 336 Murder'd in Sicily Jews and Moors distinguish'd in Castile 323 Infamous Life and Death of the Queen Mother of Castile 274 Infidels twice defeated 176 Victorious 159 Divide and overrun Spain 99 Twice overthrown 243 Defeated by Prince Peter of Castile 249 200000 slain in one Battel 190 262 Ingundis Wife to Ermenegildus persecuted for the Catholick Religion 79 Inigo Arista King of Navarre 119 Innocent the 7th Chosen Pope of Rome 322 Dies 323 Innocent the 8th Pope 445 Dies 461 Insolency of the Moors 205 Intercasia surrendred 35 Interdict in Castile and Aragon at one time 224 Interregnum 77 Inquisition first setled in Spain 432 Interview of the King of Aragon and Navarre Fol. 205 p. 2 Of the Kings of France and Castile 231 Of Princes at Perpignan 337 Of Kings 269 Of the Kings of Castile and Navarre 384 Of two Kings 518 528 Invasion of the Normans Investiture of Naples granted to King Ferdinand 539 Joanna Daughter to King Henry Heiress of Navarre 216 Joanna Queen of Naples dies 359 Joanna Princess of Castile Contracted to the Duke of Guienne 414 Joanna Queen of Castile wholly unfit to govern 524 Deliver'd of a Daughter 525 John the first King of Castile 296 Proclaim'd King of Portugal 299 Makes his Will 301 Kill'd by a Fall from his Horse 306 Contents of his last Will. 308 John the 2d an Infant Proclaim'd King of Castile 325 Govern'd by the Archbishop of Toledo 339 His Character Is under Restraint 340 Makes his Escape 342 Breaks into Aragon 352 Invades Granada 355 Drives the Moors into that City gives them a great Overthrow 355 Made Prisoner by his Rebds 367 Makes his Escape 370 His Designs 380 Dies 381 John the first Crown'd King of Aragon 304 His Qualities 307 His strange Death 317 John the 2d King of Aragon dies 433 John King of France dies Charles the 5th succeeds John King of France dies 281 John Proclaimed King of Navarre 347 Crown'd 351 Subdues his Rebellious Subjects 526 John Master of Avis a Bastard aspires to the Crown of Portugal 300 Is Proclaim'd King 301 All Portugal submit to him 302 His Issue 310 His Government 332 Dies 358 John the 2d of Portugal while Prince comes to his Father's Assistance into Castile 426 Restores the Crown to his Father 313 His Accession to the Crown 473 Dies 455 469 John King of Hierusalem comes into Spain 206 John Prince of Castile usurps the Title of King of Leon and Galicia 236 Is reconcil'd to the King 239 John Prince of Castile born 432 Dies 480 John the 20th Chosen Pope 249 John the 23th Chosen Pope 330 Forced to quit the Papacy 336 John Duke of Lorrain in Catalonia for his Father 410 D. John Nunez de Lara revolts from Castile 232 Is reconcil'd to King Sancho and again ready to flie from him 232 John Hus and Hierome of Prague burnt 338 Joseph the Miramamolin comes out of Africk 154 His Death 158 Joseph governs Spain 106 Joseph King of Granada dies 311 Joseph the 2d King of Granada his strange Death 318 Joseph the 3d King of Granada dies 344 Jovianus reigns 7 Months and 22 Days 63 Irruption of the Moors into France 102 Of the Goths 64 Italy in War Jubilee first Instituted 239 Judges appointed to decide the Right to the Crown of Aragon 333 Julian the Apostate Chosen Emperor Reigns one Year 7 Months and 27 Days 62 Is kill'd 63 Julian the famous Count that betrayed Spain to the Moors 97 Invites the Moors into Spain 98 His and his Families End 101 Julianus Reigns 6 Months 57 Julius Pope dies 553 Julius the 2d Pope 503 Just Reward of Treachery 179 K. Kingdom of Aragon under an Interdict Fol. 210 p. 2 Kingdoms of the Moors 138 King of Aragon in Danger Fol. 207 p. 9 King of Aragon with 3 Princes in League against France 209 King of Aragon makes Peace
to plead for the Empire before the Pope and returns re infecta p. 216 The Fourteenth BOOK Chap. I. THE King of Morocco passes over into spain The War with the Moors The Christians twice defeated Death of Prince Ferdinand the Heir of Castile Troubles in Navarre betwixt the Natives and the French p. 217 Chap. II. Three Popes die in one Year Prince Sancho of Castile contrives to Vsurp that Crown from his Nephews The Death of Jayme King of Aragon and of Alonso of Portugal Peter succeeds the first and Denis the latter p. 218 Chap. III. The Practices of Prince Sancho He Rebels against his Father The King of Morocco comes to aid King Alonso returns home leaving 1000 Horse to serve under him King Alonso disinherits and curses his Son Prince Sancho p. 221 Chap. IV. The Conspiracy of John Prochita in Sicily against the French and slaughter of them call'd the Sicilian Vespers Kings of France and Aragon at War about Sicily Castile and Aragon under an Interdict at the same time p. 222 Chap. V. The Death of Alonso King of Castile The beginning of the Reign of King Sancho IV. The defeat of the French Fleet on the Coast of Italy Albarazin taken by the King of Aragon p. 224 Chap. VI. The French Invade Catalonia take Girona and retire back to France with loss The King of Morocco Besieges Xeres and is repuls'd The Death of the four Kings of France Aragon Naples and Morocco p. 226 Chap. VII The Kings of Castile and Portugal meet D. Lope de Haro flies to Navarre A Treaty in order to release the two Princes of Castile Charles Prince of Salerno set at liberty France and Castile joyn against Aragon Denis King of Portugal 's Issue p. 228 Chap. VIII Troubles in Castile The rightful Heirs to that Crown before Prisoners in Aragon set at liberty Wars on that account betwixt the two Crowns Badajoz Mutinies and is reduc'd An Interview betwixt the Kings of France and Castile p. 230 Chap. IX The Revolt of D. John Nun̄ez de Lara The Death of the King of Aragon His Brother Jayme Succeeds him Matches betwixt the three Kings of Spain Defeat of the Moors at Sea Original of the Dukes of Medina Sidonia p 232 Chap. X. Alcala de Henares made an Vniversity Tarifa Besieg'd by the Moors A brave Action of the Governour Sancho King of Castile dies Ferdinand IV. succeeds Peace betwixt France and Aragon p. 234 The Fifteenth BOOK Chap. I. NEW Troubles and Wars in Castile where Prince Henry takes the Government from the Queen Prince John Proclaimed King of Leon and Galicia Castile invaded by the Moors Portugueses and Aragonians p. 236 Chap. II. Peace betwixt Castile and Portugal setled by means of the double Alliances betwixt those Princes The Progress of the Wars in Sicily The Jubilee first Instituted Bilbao built and Prince John reconcil'd to the King p. 238 Chap. III. Of Raymundus Lullus and the Master of Calatrava The Marriage of King Ferdinand Peace concluded betwixt the Kings of Sicily and Naples A Synod of Bishops Troubles in Castile Pope Boniface dies Benedict XI succeeds him p. 240 Chap. IV. The Differences betwixt the Kings of Castile and Aragon reconcil'd After which they joyn in league against the Moors but to no considerable effect Death of Roger Lauria the great Admiral of Aragon and Divisions among the Moors p. 241 Chap. V. The King of Granada depos'd The King of Castile 's Sister Marry'd to the Duke of Britany The Extirpation of the Knights Templers The Death of Ferdinand IV. King of Castile p. 244 Chap. VI. The beginning of the Reign of Alonso XI King of Castile The many Confusions in that Kingdom by reason of his Infancy The Moors of Granada expell their King The Turks their Original and Growth p. 246 Chap. VII The Actions of the Catalonians in Greece The War in Andaluzia Death of Luis Hutin King of France Philip the Long succeeds him John XX. chosen Pope Defeat of the Moors by Prince Peter of Castile p. 248 Chap. VIII Institution of two new Orders of Knighthood in Aragon and Portugal Peter and John Princes of Castile kill'd by the Moors The Government of that Kingdom in Confusion A great Overthrow given the Navarrois by the Biscainers p. 249 Chap. IX King Alonso XI of Castile takes upon him the Government The Conquest of Sardinia by the Aragonians The Death of King Denis of Portugal His Son Alonso succeeds him Jayme II. King of Aragon is succeeded by his Son Alonso IV. p. 251 Chap. X. The Wars betwixt the Christians and Infidels Rebellions in Castile Aragon Castile and Portugal joyn in League The King and Queen of Navarre come into that Country and return again to France p. 253 The Sixteenth BOOK Chap. I. THE King of Granada goes into Africk Abomelique passes over into Spain The War with the Moors A Truce concluded Alonso de la Cerda rightful King of Castile submits to King Alonso the Possessor p. 256 Chap. II. The Moors of Granada murder Mahomet their King Wars among all the Christian Kings of Spain Alonso King of Aragon dies Fresh Rebellions in Castile The Portuguese Fleet beaten by the Castilians p. 257 Chap. III. The Death of Frederick King of Sicily A Truce betwixt Castile and Portugal The Death of Abomelique and defeat of his Army Peace betwixt Castile and Aragon A Synod at Barcelona p. 259 Chap. IV. A new Invasion of Spain by Albohacen King of Morocco with 470000 Moors he Besieges Tarifa is there routed with the loss of 200000 Men by the Kings of Castile and Portugal Three defeats of the Infidels at Sea p. 261 Chap. V. The Siege and Surrender of Algezira The Infidels attempt to murder King Alonso of Castile The Earls of Derby and Salisbury come to his assistance out of England and the Earl of Faux out of France Robert King of Naples dies p. 263 Chap. VI. The King of Aragon Conquers Majorca and all its Dominions Great Troubles in Aragon The Rebels suppress'd An Vniversal Plague The Knights of Calatrava at variance at length reconcil'd p. 265 Chap. VII The Siege of Gibraltar the King dies and the Siege is rais'd King Peter succeeds him The Lady Ellenor de Guzman kill'd Some Nobles Rebel and are subdu'd Biscay annexed to the Crown of Castile Interviews of Kings p. 267 Chap. VIII Embassadors sent by King Peter into France to obtain for his Wife Blanch Daughter to the Duke of Bourbon who is brought into Spain and Marry'd to the King but he being before in Love with the Lady Mary de Padilla slights and forsakes his Queen p. 269 Chap. IX King Peter of Castile removes his Officers punishes some Rebels and reduces several Towns The War of Sardinia where Diseases rageing in the Aragonian Army that King claps up a dishonourable Peace and returns to Aragon p. 270 Chap. X. The Nobility of Castile particularly the King's Bastard Brothers in Rebellion they treat with the King without success the
that Victory Some Slaves also were given him and he return'd Home with great Honour the King of Castile bearing him company as far as Caçalla de la Sierra A Present was sent to the Pope then at Avignon of 100 Horses each carrying a Cimiter and Buckler hanging at the Pummel of the Saddle 24 Colours taken from the Moors the Royal Standard and the Horse upon which King Alonso Charg'd The Cardinals came out of Town to meet John Martinez de Leyva the Embassador The Pope himself after saying a thanksgiving Mass spoke much in Commendation of King Alonso The King of Castile appointed Giles Bocanegra a Genoese Admiral giving him in Charge to secure the Streights Mouth lest the Moors should return This was done to oblige the Genoeses that they might not recal their Galleys as the Aragonians and Portugueses had tho they soon after sent them again more in Number than at first it being fear'd the Moors having recruited their Army would return in Spring This Danger being over all Mens Thoughts were bent upon wholly driving the Moors out of Spain It was requisite to raise Mony for all that was taken had been expended in Gratifying and Paying the Souldiers and the King was in great want Only the Merchants were rich the rest of the Kingdom being exhausted with Taxes At Ellerena and Madrid an extraordinary Subsidy was granted but it was small in regard of the pressing Necessities of the Crown However at the beginning of the Year 1341 the Army having Rendezvous'd at Cordova enter'd the Kingdom of Granada Some Ships were sent loaden with Provisions to divert the Enemy as if it were design'd to besiege Malaga The Moors supply'd that Place with all Necessaries and the King on a suddain set down before Alcalà la Real which surrender'd on the 26th of August upon condition the Inhabitants might freely depart After this Priego Rute Benanècir and several other Towns and Castles were taken Then the Army was sent into Winter-Quarters leaving sufficient Garrisons upon the Frontiers All the Kings Thoughts were fixed upon besiegeing Algezira and raising Mony He was advis'd to lay a Duty upon Merchandize which then seem'd easy yet afterwards was found to be attended with some Inconveniencies This Advice being approv'd of the King went away for Burgos leaving the care of the Frontiers to the Master of Santiago He kept his Christmas at Valladolid In the beginning of the Year 1342 the King summon'd many Prelates and Nobles to Burgos particularly the Arch-Bishop of Toledo the Bishop of Burgos and D. John de Lara that they might gain the others At theirs and the Kings Instance the People of Burgos granted the King the 20th Part of all things that should be sold towards the War against the Moors but this only during the Siege of Algezira This Example set by Burgos was follow'd by Leon and most of the Towns in the Kingdom This new Imposition was call'd Alcavala a Word taken from the Moors The People were not a little encourag'd to grant this new Duty by the News brought that the Moors had been defeated at Sea At Ceuta on the Coast of Africk there lay 83 Galleys in order to renew the War and 12 more in the Port of Bullon These last were destroy'd by 10 of ours that surpriz'd them before they could joyn the Main Fleet. Afterwards the whole Fleet of the Infidels was overthrown at the Mouth of the River Guadameçil after a Bloody Fight 25 Galleys were Taken and Sunk and both the Admirals of Africk and Granada kill'd The Galleys of Aragon were not in this Action but they coming from Home defeated 13 Galleys of the Enemy laden with Provisions near Estepona took four and sunk two of them the rest fled into Africk Both Sea and Land favour'd the Christians The Victory at Guadameçil had been greater had the Moors been assail'd by Sea and Land and the King hasted towards Xerez in order to it There the News of the Victory overtook him An Accident caus'd the Battle to be given so soon for Three of our Ships being left aground upon the Ebb the Moors attack'd them and the Christians coming up to rescue them that bloody Battle ensued CHAP. V. The Siege and Surrender of Algezira The Infidels attempt to Murder King Alonso of Castile the Earls of Derby and Salisbury come to his Assistance out of England and the Earl of Faux out of France Robert King of Naples dies THE late Successes made all Things appear easy Our Fleet lay in the Port of Xatarez near Tarifa Thither the King went to take a View of Algezira by Sea and finding it a Beautiful and Spacious City the Captives also affirming it was ill provided with Corn he resolv'd to lay Siege to it His Forces we 〈◊〉 â—ut small and he had no store of Provisions Nevertheless he call'd together all the Garisons of the Neighbouring Places and summon'd many of the Nobility to attend him The Councils of Andaluzia furnish'd more than their usual Quota towards the War and the King went away to Sevil to provide Magazines 2000 Horse and about 5000 Foot being gather'd he set down before Algezira on the Third of August The Galleys of Castile and Aragon were to guard the Sea for those of Portugal after the Victory of Gaudameçil return'd Home In the Town were 800 Horse and 12000 Archers a Force great enough to have given Battle in open Field They made often Salleys and skirmish'd with various Success yet the Tower of Cartagena near the City was taken from them One Day the King was in great danger of being kill'd by a Captive who struck at him with a Dagger he snatch'd out of a Souldier's Hand but such as were near interpos'd It was believ'd the Siege would last long and therefore Trenches were â—â—ast up Mean while to the King 's great Dissatisfaction in September the Fleet of Aragon went away on pretence of the War with Majorca Yet soon after upon the King of Castile's pressing Instances 10 Galleys were sent him under the Aragonian Viceadmiral Mathew Mercero and again 10 more under Jayme Escrivia At this time died the Master of Santiago a Man of great Worth and much in the King's Favour That Honour was given in the Camp to Frederick the King's Son tho under age In October fell such great Rains that all that was in the Camp was spoil'd The Army labour'd under many Hardships especially want of Mony and the Kingdom being exhausted the King was oblig'd to borrow of Pope Clement the VIth and the Kings of France and Portugal The King of France lent 50000 Ducats 20000 down and the rest upon Bills at Genoa The Pope gave the 3d part of Ecclesiastical Revenues These were but small Sums yet the King's Resolution overcame all Difficulties The besieg'd promis'd great Rewards to any that would undertake to Murder the King and a Moor blind of one Eye was taken and confess'd he and several others were out
Trastamara was with him this Man was employ'd to offer Bertran Claquin many Towns and 200000 Castilian Doubles to leave the service of Henry and carry the King off Bertran refus'd but being press'd consulted with some Friends who advis'd him to acquaint Henry with the Proposal He did so and Henry thanking him for his Fidelity perswaded him to carry on that Design and secure King Peter at his Quarters King Peter accordingly came with only a few Gentlemen to Bertran and said it was time to be gone At the same time Henry enter'd the Tent and stood some time as it were astonish'd at the sight of the King till a Frenchman pointing at him said to Henry Take notice that is your Enemy King Peter with his natural fierceness answer'd I am I am Then Henry taking out his Dagger wounded him in the Face they clasped one another and both fell to the Ground but Henry was undermost till Bertran turning them Henry got uppermost and then stabb'd the King several times till he dy'd A horrid sight to behold a lawful King descended of Kings murder'd by a Bastard Frossarte a French Historian writes that as Henry enter'd the place where the King was he said Where is this Jewish Son of a Where who calls himself King of Castile and at that the King answer'd Then art the Son of a Where for I am the lawful Son of King Alonso King Peter dy'd on the 23d of March in the flower of his Age being but 34 Years and 7 Months old he reign'd 19 Years lacking 3 Days His Body was carry'd without any Pomp to Alcoçer and there deposited in the Church of S. James Afterwards he was translated by King John the IId to the royal Monastery of Dominican Nuns at Madrid After the King's death several of his Followers were apprehended CHAP. VIII Several Foreign Princes pretenders to the Crown of Castile War with Aragon Portugal and Granada Affairs of Aragon Sardinia and Navarre The League bewixt Portugal and Aragon MOntiel immediately submitted and Toledo upon the News of the King's Death was surrender'd Among foreign Princes there arose a Dispute concerning the succession of the Crown All agreed that Henry being a Bastard could have no Right and every one strove to make his Advantage of the Troubles of Castile The King of Navarre as has been said had already taken several good Towns belonging to Castile Molina Can̄ete and Requena were betray'd by their Governours to the Aragonian The King of Portugal call'd himself King of Castile and Leon being great Grandson to King Sancho and Grandson to Beatrix his Daughter He was already possess'd of Cuida Rodrigo Alcantana and Tuy The King of Granada always a Friend to King Peter hop'd to make his Advantage Yet the greatest Storm was threaten'd from England and Guienne for John Duke of Lancaster Brother to the Prince of Wales had marry'd Constance Daughter to King Peter and the Earl of Cambridge another Brother had to Wife Elizabeth the younger Sister both Daughters to Da. Maria de Padilla The only remedy against all these Evils that hung over the new King Henry was to secure the Affections of the Nobility and Commons of the Kingdom Therefore he immediately went away to Sevil where he was receiv'd with the usual Joy of the Rabble thither all the Cities of Andaluzia sent to make their Submission except Carmona where King Peter had left his Children and Treasure under the Care of Martin Lopez de Cordova Master of Calatrava who still continu'd faithful to his dead Master At Sovil King Henry not without Infamy endeavour'd to settle a Truce with the King of Granada but could not obtain it Therefore having secur'd the Frontiers he went to Toledo knowing his Wife and Son were come thither from Burgos Here it was taken into Consideration how to raise Mony to pay the Arrears due to the Foreigners and what was promis'd to Bertran Claquin at Montiel for his good Service or rather infamous Treachery All that could be gather'd of the King's Revenue was but a small Summ towards satisfying the Foreigners who boasted they had put the Crown upon Henry's Head To supply this want two new sorts of base Coin were invented the one call'd Cruzados the other Royals which caus'd all things to grow excessive dear The Kings of Aragon and Portugal at this time infested the Frontiers Pero Gonzalez de Mendoça and Alvar Garcia de Albornoz were sent with an Army to oppose the Aragonians and recover'd Requena from them Henry himself march'd towards Galicia where he heard the Portugueses did much harm By the way he attempted Zamora yet stay'd not to take it but enter'd Portugal between the Rivers Duero and Min̄o burning and destroying all the Country and taking Braga and Bragança This done he return'd into Castile His Brother Sancho was with him having been ransom'd from the English who took him at the Battel of Najara The King of Portugal was too weak to give Battel and Henry drew off with much hast upon the News that the King of Granada wasted all Andaluzia having taken Algezira and so demolish'd it that it was never after Rebuilt Besides he was forc'd to return to Castile to raise Mony for Payment of the foreign Souldiers and discharging of Bertran Claquin who was courted by the King of Aragon to go over into Sardinia against Marianus the Judge of Arborea who had again rebell'd and taken many Towns D. Peter de Luna had been sent against him before who reduc'd him to secure himself in the City Oristan whence watching his Opportunity he sally'd and surprising his Besiegers put the whole Army to flight killing the General and his Brother Philip. Some Days after Brancaleon Doria who was of the Lord of Arborea his Party was reconcil'd to the King but the Rebels made even for this loss by taking the City Sacer the Capital of the Island Berengarius Carroz Earl of Quirra was sent as General to put some stop to the Proceedings of the Rebels and Bertran Claquin was sollicited to accept of that Command Bertran was about to accept of that Offer when another more important War drew him away The People of Guienne weary of the English Government sollilicited the King of France to assist them in their Rebellion He gladly condescended and sent for Claquin to command his Army in that Expedition At the same time he desir'd the King of Navarre to assist him That King resolv'd to go into France tho he had but then sent John Cruzate Dean of Tudela into Aragon to settle a Confederacy He left his Queen to govern Navarre and went to his own Estate in Normandy resolving not to trust the King of France but to make his advantage of those Wars The King of France sent Embassadors to him and at last they had a Meeting at Vernon on the Seine Here they agreed the Navarrois should deliver up Mante Meùlan and the County of Longeuville about which they were
kill'd The Portugueses kept their Ground because it was advantagious and drew their Army into two Bodies NunÌ„o Alvarez Pereyra created Constable by the new King led the Van the main Body the King himself headed Both Parties advanc'd somewhat but the Portugueses not above a Stones throw to avoid coming out to the Plain Then the new Constable demanded a Conference at it were to make some Overtures of Peace but tho some Men of Note were sent to him they only spent time in fruitless Debates Mean while the Castilian Commanders consulted whether it were better to give Battel or delay it till the next Day The more prudent were against attacking the Enemy in that advantagious Post but the younger sort thought they had got them in a Pound whence none could escape John de Rio the French Embassador being ask'd his Opinion earnestly disswaded giving Battel and the King was inclinable to take his Advice when some young Noblemen without expecting the Signal furiously charg'd the Enemy then the others rather than leave them in the Danger advanc'd First the Darts and Arrows flew then they came to their Swords and the Horse and Foot fought desperately mixt without any Order Every Man stood his Ground resolving to kill or be kill'd The King of Castile by reason of his Indisposition was carry'd about upon Mens Shoulders and thence encourag'd his Men. The first Body of the Enemy began to give way and was ready to fly when their new King advanc'd with his Party loudly calling upon the Souldiers and encouraging them Thus animated they rally'd and the Fortune of the Day was soon chang'd The Castilian Commanders were slain in their King's sight without turning their Backs and great Numbers of Souldiers were Slaughter'd being depriv'd of their Officers The King fearing to fall into the Enemy's Hands mounted on Horseback and fled the rest follow'd his Example 10000 Men were slain and among them many of great Quality as two Cousin Germans of the King the Lieutenant of Castile the Admiral a Marshal de Camp and the French Embassador Night which came on soon after the Fight sav'd â—any Some of these joyned the Body commanded by the Master of Alcantara which notwithstanding the Rout held together Others went to meet Charles Son to the King of Navarre who had enter'd Portugal another way but came too late for the Fight The greatest Numour having lost their Arms fled into Castile It was no cheap Victory to the Portuguesess there are those who write they lost 2000 Men. The King of Castile Fear being more prodominant than his Weakness travell'd all Night without stopping till he came to Santarem which was 11 Leagues distant Thence he went down the River Tagus in a Boat and getting aboard his Fleet which lay before Lisbon sail'd away for Sevil. Thither he came cover'd with Mourning which he wore some Years That City receiv'd him with Joy and Tears mixt lamenting that great Loss but glad their King had escap'd the Danger This is the memorable Fight in which the Portugueses Triumph'd over the Power of Castile and was call'd of Aljubarrota because fought near the Village of that Name a Place only Famous for this Overthrow This Day was kept every Year by the Portugueses as a Holy Day and the Preachers from the Pulpits extoll'd the Valour of their Nation reproaching the Cowardize of the Castilians with Language misbecoming that Place the People resorting to hear them as it had been to a Play After the Victory all Portugal submitted to the Conqueror Sant arem Braganca and all other Places surrender'd and thus the New King secur'd to his Posterity the Crown he had wrongfully obtain'd At this time the King of Aragon was very ill at Figueras he was worn with Age and Troubles As soon as recover'd he shew'd himself Dissatisfy'd with his Son Prince John The People laid the Blame upon the Queen saying she had bewitch'd the King Prince John in Discontent withdrew from Court and call'd the Earl of Ampurias who had been outed his Estate with Forces from France to his Assistance For this reason the King depriv'd him of the Vicarship of the Kingdom an Honour peculiar to the eldest Son of those Kings In Aragon as has been said heretofore they have a Magistrate call'd the Justice of Aragon who is a sort of Moderator betwixt the King and the People in the Nature of the Roman Tribunes of the People To him the Prince had recourse to support him against the Wrongs offer'd him by his Father openly and by the Queen under hand That Justice supported him in the Possession of his Employment as having been Arbitrarily depos'd till the Case were brought to Judgment The Debate began this Year and was ended the next ensuing Let us see what happen'd in Castile and Portugal after that memorable Battel CHAP. VI. The Portugueses make an Inroad into Castile and defeat a Body of Castilians The Duke of Lancaster lands at Corunna and takes several Towns The Death of the Kings of Naples Aragon and Navarre THE Portugueses resolving to prosecute their Victory and make the most of their Success sent a solemn Embassy into England to joyn in League with the Duke of Lancaster the old pretender to the Crown of Castile in right of his Wife Whilst that Business was in agitation to avoid lying idle and hinder the Enemy from recovering themselves the new King of Portugal travers'd all the Country recovering entirely all that was possess'd by the Castilians His Constable NunÌ„o Pereyra made an Incursion into Andaluzia pillaging and wasting all that Province Peter NunÌ„ez Master of Santiago Gonzalo NunÌ„ez de Guzman now Master of Calatrava and the Earl of Niebla with what Forces had escap'd the late Rout went out to meet the Portugueses who were less in Number and inclos'd them as it were in a Net near a Town call'd Valverde They seeng their Danger offer'd to capitulate but Fortune still favour'd them for at the first Onset the Master of Santiago's Horse and then he himself was kill'd His Men taking this for an ill Omen drew off and the Portugueses return'd Home with a rich Booty NunÌ„o Pereyra the Constable for his good Service was by the new King created Earl of Barcelos Garci Fernandez de Villagarcia was by the King of Castile made Master of Santiago in stead of Peter NunÌ„ez That King was concern'd how to defend himself against the English He went away from Sevil to Valladolid to hold the Cortes or Parliament Charles Son to the King of Navarre a brave Prince and grateful towards his Brother-in-Law met him at that City It was resolv'd to levy greater Forces than had been in Arms till that time That all Subiects should arm themselves according to their Power That publick Prayers should be made to appease God That Foreign Succours should be procur'd as well of Mony as Men for there was great scarcity of it France was judg'd the most likely place to find
was done tho with some Difficulty and thus at length after so many Revolutions that Island was pacify'd Sardinia was also brought under by an Agreement made with William Vincent Narbonne in Virtue of which he was to deliver up to the King the City Sacer which he was then possess'd of and all his other Lands and Possessions in that Island and in lien thereof to have certain Towns and a Sum of Mony in Spain This was the Posture of Affairs in Aragon In France about this time dy'd Archimbaud Earl of Faux He left 5 Sons John who succeeded him in the Earldom Gaston the IId Archimbaud the IIId Peter the IVth who became a Priest and was Cardinal of Faux and the youngest Matthew Earl of Cominges John the eldest marry'd the Princess Joanna Daughter to the King of Navarre and she dying without Issue he took to Wife Mary Daughter to Charles d' Albret by whom he had two Sons Gaston the eldest and the youngest Peter Viscount Lautrec the Founder of the Family of that Name in France which has produc'd many famous Men and continu'd very renown'd till near our Days The Peace the Kingdom of Aragron enjoy'd abroad could not influence the Earl of Vrgel to desist from his wicked Machinations In Castile the Truce concluded with the Moors at their Instance the foregoing April was prolong'd for 17 Months more For this reason the Mony that the Country had rais'd to carry on the War against the Moors and amounted to the Sum of 100000 Ducats was by the general Consent and Approbation of the whole Kingdom given to the new King Ferdinand for his present Expence besides a good Body of Horse and Foot that attended him A very opportune Supply to settle him in his new acquir'd Kingdom and curb the wicked Designs of ill-meaning Men. His greatest Recommendation was his courteous and loving Disposition which gain'd him the good Will of all Men and yet the Aragonians were dissatisfy'd that he kept about him a Guard of Strangers and pretended by that Method to secure to himself the Crown they had of their own accord given him They complain'd it was a Reflection upon the Loyalty of the Natives and the Fidelity they had inviolably observed towards their Kings since that Kingdom was first 〈…〉 King with 〈…〉 what he could gather in Aragon march'd after 〈…〉 punish him The Earl had but a small Power to 〈…〉 thought to make use of Policy Therefore he sent Embassadors to 〈…〉 to do Homage to him which accordingly they 〈…〉 October All this was only to amuse the new King to the 〈…〉 his Army and send back the Troops of 〈…〉 greatest part of them The King and Pope Benedict 〈…〉 upon there the Pope gave the King the Investiture 〈…〉 and Corsica as was of Custom they being Feoâ—es of 〈…〉 the Kings of Aragon After this Interview at the end of 〈…〉 the next which was 1413 the Cortes of Catalonia met at 〈…〉 to pacify the Earl of Vrgel that he might not disturb the Peace 〈…〉 to which purpose they granted all he sent to demand and particularly that Prince 〈◊〉 should marry his Daughter and Heiress All these Condescentions did not satisfy him but 〈…〉 Correspondence with England and France to procure Assistance 〈…〉 The King having notice of it to â—â—â—sh him in time rais'd all the Forces he 〈…〉 sent him 400 Horse out of Castile but they 〈…〉 joyning him The King of Navarre offer'd his 〈…〉 Subjects should take it ill if he made use of many 〈…〉 of â—ortes Bastard Son to that King came with a good 〈…〉 With this Force he broke into the Country of the Earl of Vrgel 〈…〉 till he sâ—t down before â—alaguer the chief Town of that Dominion in which 〈…〉 confiding in the Strenâ—â—â— of the Place was The Siege was tedious and difficult but whilst it lasted all the rest of the Earldom submitted to the King At this time came 〈…〉 Embassadors from the Kings of France and Naples He of France advertiz'd him 〈…〉 the Insolency of the â—â—â—ke of Burgundy and the rebellious Practices of the 〈…〉 as in great Danger being in a manner a Prisoner with his Son and 〈…〉 and therefore earnestly intreated he would assist him King Ladislaus 〈…〉 their Forces against the Duke of Anjoâ— his Competitor in the Kingdom 〈…〉 might prove a dangerous Enemy to Aragon having also 〈◊〉 to that Kingdom To the King of France he answer'd he was much conceâ—â—◠〈…〉 Misfortunes and would as soon as his Affairs did permit assist him with his utmost â—ower The answer to Ladislaus was That he thank'd him for his offer of Friendship but that there had been an uninterrupted Friendship betwixt him and the Duke of Anjon which he could not violate and therefore would rather chuse to be a Mediator betwixt them 〈…〉 part with either against the other The Embassadors being dismiss'd the Siege was 〈…〉 observ'd 〈…〉 began to want Provisions and desir'd to Article Elizabeth thâ— Countesâ— to prevent further 〈◊〉 with her Husband's leave and the King's Permission 〈◊〉 out to endeavour to appâ—â—â— him All she could obtain of the King was the Earls 〈…〉 he would surrender himself The Case was desperate and there was no way 〈◊〉 â—o submit to Necessity On the last day of October the Earl came to the Camp and â—â—lling at the King's Feet begg'd Pardon promising to behave himself better for the future All the King answer'd was That tho he had deserv'd Death he gave him his Life yâ—â— made â—o 〈…〉 his Liberty or Estate but order'd him to be secur'd at Lerida After the 〈…〉 and that Earldom pacify'd the Earl was convicted of high Treason and 〈…〉 was confiscated and he condemned to perpetual Imprisonment 〈…〉 many Friends in that Kingdom and therefore was sent to Castile where 〈…〉 Castle of VrenÌ„a next in that of Mora and lastly dy'd a Prisoner at 〈…〉 of Valencia Antony de Luna who held the Castle of Lohorri for the Earl seeing that had befallen him left that Castle and his own Estate and fled Thus those Troubles concluded with more ease than had been expected CHAP. III. The Christian Princes all combine with the Emperor to put an end to the Schism in the Church In order to it King Ferdinand of Aragon has a Conference with Pope Benedict The Council of Constance The two Popes John and Gregory abdicate WHilst what has been related happen'd in Aragon all the Princes of Christendom sent their Embassadors to Sigismund the Emperor desiring him to find out some means to restore the Unity of the Church by putting an end to the Schism which had lasted so many Years He having consulted with the Embassadors about that Affair sent to require those who call'd themselves Popes to consent to the calling of a General Council where they should all freely renounce the Papacy and stand to the Determination of the Fathers Hitherto their Condescention was fegn'd and they had
him to King Emanuel writing to him these Words This is my last which I write with many Sighs and assured Tokens of my End I leave only one Son who I beg may find Favour in regard to my great Services I will say nothing of my Sufferings but refer my self to my Actions His Body was buried at Goa in a Chapel he had built of the Invocation of the Blessed Virgin His Funeral Pomp was performed with Regal Magnificence and great Grief of all sorts of People When the News of his Death was brought to Portugal the King was much concerned he sent for his Son whose Name was Blas but in memory of his Father he would have him called Alonso d' Albuquerque The King provided for him and matched him Honourably He lived many Years and beautified the Chapel where his Father lay King Emanuel designed to build a Fort at the Mouth of the River Mamora in Africk about 100 miles from Arzila He sent Antony Noronha with a Fleet of 200 Sail and in it 8000 Men to perform this Work They sailed from Lisbon on the 13th of July and came to the Mouth of that River on the 23d As the Work began such a multitude of Moors came upon them that they were forced to quit that Enterprize and return to Portugal with Dishonour and the loss of 4000 Men as also the Cannon which they left in the Fort they had begun CHAP. X. The King of France recovers Milan The Swiss overthrown Death of the Great Captain and of Ferdinand King of Spain AS soon as King Francis of France found himself peaceably possessed of his Kingdom he gathered a powerful Army in order to go over into Lombardy 15000 Swiss marched to the Defence of the Duke of Milan Prosper Colona with his Men at Arms thought to secure a Pass but was himself surprized at Supper in Villafranca and made Prisoner by the Forces of the Sieur de la Palisse The Viceroy lay with his Army near the River Abdua Laurence de Medicis Son to Peter that was drowned in the River Garellano with the Forces of the Pope Quartered at Plasentia It was very requisite these Forces should join with the Swiss and the Duke of Milan earnestly pressed them so to do and the more because the French began already to be successful for Alexandria yielded to them and Novara with the Castle was taken by the Industry of Peter Navarro who in a Passion for that he was not Ransomed agreed to serve the King of France he purchasing his Liberty for 2000 Ducats King Ferdinand sent to make him great Offers but too late for he was engaged and therefore excused himself resigning up the Earldom of Oliveto he had in Naples The Viceroy was jealous that the Swiss held Correspondence with France and no less of the Pope's Forces fearing he should compound with the Enemy to save Parma and Plasentia which the Swiss intended to take from him He left Mark Antony Colona in Verona and Luis Icart in Bressa with good Garrisons and he with the rest of the Army passed the Po and fortified himself near Plasentia and the River Trebia The Swiss were offended at this Delay which proved fatal They resolved themselves with only a few Italians to fight the French who lay strongly encamped near Donato and Marignano This they did to prevent Albiano joining the French with the Venetian Forces which consisted of Nine hundred Men at Arms One thousand four hundred Light-horse and Nine hundred Foot The Swiss marched out in good Order and the French drew up to receive them Charles of Bourbon led the Van the Sieur de la Palisse the Rear and the King the main Battel The French Artillery which was numerous did the Swiss great harm They charged furiously to take it and overcoming the Enemy's Works made themselves Masters of part of it Night came on and yet the Fight ceased not as long as there was Moon-light which was till between Eleven and Twelve of the Clock The King was so forward that he was forced to stand upon his Guard only reposing himself a little on a Cart. He neither took off his Helmet nor eat a mouthful in Twenty seven Hours Understanding the Swiss would charge the rest of the Cannon he gave the Charge of it to the Germans At break of day the Fight was renewed with as great Fury as before The French Artillery playing athwart the Swiss did great execution and Albiano coming upon them with some Troops of Horse they imagining his whole Army was come retired in good order to Milan This famous Battel was fought on the Thirteenth and Fourteenth of September From Milan the Swiss marched away towards Lago de Como The Milaneses delivered up the City to the King who laid straight Siege to the Castle whither the Duke retired with what Forces he could After Thirty Days Siege the Duke surrendered and was sent to France It was Articled he should have a Pension of Thirty six thousand Crowns upon condition he should not depart that Kingdom All the other Cities and Strong-holds of the Dukedom immediately submitted to the King D. Raymund de Cardona the Viceroy marched in haste to Naples to secure that Kingdom He had Orders for employing of the Soldiers to attempt the taking of Gelves on the Coast of Africk The Pope easily temporized and meeting the Victorious King at Bolonia granted him all he could ask In Spain King Ferdinand had many other Cares upon him It was reported the Great Captain the Marquess of Priego and Earls of Cabra and Uren̄a designed to go over to Flanders The King sent Orders to secure the Great Captain but it happened he fell sick of an Ague at Loxa where he generally resided and yet it was thought his Sickness was counterfeit The King of England's Displeasure ran very high and it was convenient at such a ticklish time to appease him King Ferdinand sent him a rich Present of Jewels and Horses by the Commendary Luis Gilabert He arrived at such time as it was confirmed the Queen was with Child to the great Joy of that Kingdom At the same time Thomas Wolsey received the Cardinal's Cap for which there were great Demonstrations of publick Satisfaction This Prelate rose from a very mean Extraction to that High Dignity through the Favour of his King His Pride and Ambition afterwards fatal to that Kingdom cast him down This Cardinal and the Catholick King 's Ambassador conferred together and on the Eighteenth of October concluded a firm League betwixt the Two Kings Before this Luis de Requesens with Nine Galleys he Commanded near the Island Pantalarea defeated 13 Vessels of Turks that did great harm on the Coast of Sicily and all those Seas Barbarossa the famous Turkish Commander with his Fleet came before Bugia Many Moors came down to his Aid by Land and the Siege lasted some Months D. Raymund Carroz Commander of that Place defended it with much Bravery D.
Elizabeth Queen of England died at London the 23d of March when she had lived 70 Years 6 Months and 16 Days and reigned 44. Her Successor was King James the 1 st of England and 6th of Scotland being the Great Grandson of Margaret Sister to King Henry the 8th His Father and Mother were Catholicks and she a Saint but his Tutor George Buchanan was a perverse Heretick tho a Learned Man This was the first sole Monarch of that Island and consequently took the Title of King of Great Britain Anno 1603. D. John de Tarsis Earl of Villamediana and Post-Master General was sent Embassador into England to compliment that King upon his Accession to the Crown He behaved himself with singular Wisdom and Dexterity and laid the Foundation of that Peace which was afterwards concluded betwixt Spain and England in the Year following At Madrid died Mary the Empress who was Daughter Daughter-in-law Wife and Mother to five Emperors a thing never before heard of and was her self a Person excellently qualified She was there buried in the Monastery of the Barefooted Nuns Anno 1604. John Fernandez de Velasco Constable of Castile was sent by the King Embassador into England He took his Journey through France and was nobly entertained by that King at Paris thence he went to Flanders and so to London There on the 29th of August he concluded the Peace before agreed upon by the Marquis of Villamediana his Catholick Majesties Embassador Anno 1605. On the 3d of March died at Rome Pope Clement the 8th a Person of extraordinary Piety and Zeal Cardinal Alexander de Medicis succeeded him on the 2d of April by the Name of Leo the 11th He was very old and sickly and lived but till the 27th of that Month and on the 16th of May Cardinal Camillus Borgelia born at Rome but originally of Siena was enthroned in his Place He took the Name of Paul the 5th and was at variance with the Venetians which was so high that it threatned a War The Difference was about certain Laws by them established one of them was to enable the civil Magistrate to punish the Clergy another that no Estates real might be settled upon Monasteries which Law is called De Manu mortuis This Dispute was argued and bandied on both sides till at last by the Prudence and Conduct of the Pope all things were pacified Besides because a Difference had many years depended betwixt the Dominicans and Jesuits about Matters of Grace and Free-will he decreed that both Parties might without reflecting upon one another still follow their Opinions till such time as another Decree passed to justify either the one or the other Prince Philip was born the 8th of April at Valladolid D Galceran de Alluanel a Catalonian Gentleman of great Learning and Modesty was appointed his Preceptor and D. Balthasar de Zun̄iga Anno 1606. At Valladolid on the 18th of August was born the the Princess Mary At Toledo died the Lady Stephania Manrique Great Grand-daughter to D. Roderick Manrique Master of Santiago Her Revenue and that of her Brother Peter neither of them being married were given to the Colledge and Monastery of the Jesuits in that City where they both lye with Inscriptions upon their Tombs Anno 1607. At Madrid Prince Charles was born in September The Parliament gave the King 23 Millions payable in 8 years This Tax is raised out of the 8th part of all the Wine and Oyl of the Growth of the Kingdom The first time it was imposed was in the Reign of King Philip the 3d but was not laid so high as this time Anno 1608. In the Church of S. Hierom in Madrid upon Sunday the 13th of January Prince Philip was sworn Heir to the Crown The Cardinal of Toledo said Mass and performed the Ceremony His Grand-mother by the Mother's side the Princess Mary of Bavaria died at Gratz the Capital of Stiria in Germany on the 29th of April Her Daughters she left nobly matched Charles the Archduke was her Husband her Son was Ferdinand the Archduke Brother to Margaret Queen of Spain and Cousin-German to the Emperor Rodulphus About this time the Territory and Government of Cazorla was after great and tedious Disputes restor'd to the Church of Toledo through the Means and Procurement of the Archbishop D. Bernard de Rojas y Sandoval Anno 1609. In the Netherlands on the 14th of April a Truce was concluded with the Dutch Rebels but not well observ'd tho the King ratified it at Segovia in July Prince Ferdinand was born at the Escurial the 17th of May. The 27th of June the Pope Beatified the Holy Father Ignatius de Loyola Founder of the Jesuits Pope Gregory the XV. Canonized him March the 12th 1622. Anno 1610. At Paris on the 14th of May Francis Ravilliac a bloody Villain who had been a School-Master barbarously murder'd Henry IV. King of France stabbing him with a Ponyard His Son Luis XIII succeeded him The Princess Margaret was born the 25th of the same Month at Lerma In November by the contrivance of a certain Moor with whom private Correspondence was held our Forces possessed themselves of the strong Castle of Alarache a place of great importance upon the Coast of Africk on the Ocean About it is a Bay and River called Mamora which was a Den of Pyrats For this reason four Years after D. Luis Faxardo Admiral of the Fleet possessed himself of that place and built a good Castle in which he left a sufficient Garison The Moores at first flocked thither to hinder this Work but prevailed not This Year was very remarkable for the banishing of all the Morisco's that is those descended of the Moores out of Spain This wicked Race held correspondence with the Turks and Barbary Moores So great a Work could not be finished this Year but was afterwards continued however many are said to have remain'd behind not being well known to be such tho the multitude of those that departed was incredible Anno 1611. This Year was unfortunate for the death of Margaret of Austria Queen of Spain who for her extraordinary good Qualities was entirely beloved of all her Subjects She was deliver'd on the 22th of September at the Escuriall of a Son call'd Alonso who lived not out a Year and she died on the 3d. of October Her Body was buried in the Escuriall She built at Madrid a Monastery of Nuns called of the Incarnation Anno 1612. Treaties were a-foot at Paris and Madrid for two Matches the one between our Prince and the Lady Elizabeth Sister to the French King The other betwixt the same King and the Princess Anne the Consummation was put off because the Parties were so young Rodulphus the Emperor by reason of his want of Health lived a long time retired at Prague the Capital City of Bohemia There the last Year on the 11th of August he resigned up his Dominions of Hungary
to King Ferdinand 463 Rout of the Spaniards in Africk 539 S. Saguntum Built by the Greeks 8 Besieged 20 Destroyed 21 S. Dominick Preaches to the Albigenses 193 S. Elizabeth Queen of Portugal 300 S. Francis of Assis 200 S. German taken 501 S. Gregories Books sent for to Rome 89 S. James Apostle of Spain His Martyrdom His Body brought into Spain 52 His Church made an Archipiscopal See 115 Miracle at his Tomb. 129 S. Isidorus his Body Translated from Sevil to Leon. 140 Salamanea made an University F. 208 p. 2 Sancha Wife to King Ferdinand the First of Leon her Death 143 Sancho the First of Castile Is Restored after having been expelled 124 Is Poisóned 126 Sancho II. of Castile 143 Wars upon his Brothers 144 Expets his Brother Garcia Besieges Zamora Treacherousiy Murdered there 145 A Combat about his Death 146 Sancho III. of Castile 175 His Death 176 Sancho IV. his Father living aspires to Usarp the Crown of Castile from his Nephews 218 His Practises to gain the Affections of the People Rebels against his Father 221 Usurps the Crown of Castile 225 Dies 235 Sancho I. King of Navarre called Abarca and why 121 Sancho II. Inherits the Crown of Navarre 125 Sancho III. King of Navarre 131 Inherits Castile 135 Divides the Dominion of Spain among his Sons Settles matters of Religion 136 Is Murdered 137 Sancho IV. King of Navarre 140 Sancho V. King of Navarre 147 Breaks into Castile Dies 185 Sancho VI. King of Navarre Dies 206 Sancho King of Aragon His Actions against the Moors 155 Is killed 156 Sancho Son to Alonso the First King of Portugal sent to besiege Cuidad Rodrigo defeated 182 Succeeds to the Crown of Portugal and is the first of the Name 184 His Death 188 Sancho II. King of Portugal expelled the Kingdom by his Rebellious Subjects F. 209 p. 2 Dies at Toledo 210 213 Sancho Earl of Castile 131 Makes his Mother drink Poison she had prepared for him 133 His Issue 134 Sancho Prince of Castile killed by the Moors 158 Sappho the Carthaginian 14 Sarazens their great Power Sardima Conquered by the Aragonians 252 Reduced 431 Saxons first mentioned in Roman History 63 Scanderbeg comes to the Assistance of Ferdinand King of Naples 402 Schism in the Church 163 295 297 316 Ends. 350 Schismatick Cardinals submit Scipio Gneius passes into Spain 21 Overthrows the Carthaginians 26 Scipio Pub. Corn. sent to assist his Brother 22 Scipio's defeats Asdrubal 23 Stain 26 Scipio Pub. Corn. Proconsul of Spain takes Carthagena 27 Gains the Africans 29 Scipio Nasica 31 Scipio Corn. 34 Scipio Africanus sent against Numantia 36 Triumphs over Numantia and is called Numantinus 40 Sea Fight the Aragonians defeated by the Genoeses 361 Seditions in the Dominions of Castile 269 Seeds of Discord in Castile 230 Siege of Saulses Raised 503 Sempronius Gracchus 32 Sempronius Longus 32 Sergius Galba 34 Sertorius his Actions 41 Founds an Vniversity at Osca 42 His last Exploits and Death 43 Servilius Cepio 32 Servilius breaks the Peace and Routs Viriatus 37 Several Provinces submit to the Romans 31 Governors of Spain 31 Synods 85 Towns taken from the Moors 104 Governors in Spain 104 Towns Rebuilt 114 Towns Conquered Towns in Navarre taken by the Castillians 182 Towns taken from the Moors 166 208 Exploits against the Moors Places taken from the Moors 250 255 452 Governors chosen in the Provinces of Castile 250 Places in Castile Rebel 454 Pretenders to Castile 288 Towns taken by the Christians 330 Losses of the French 493 495 Cities in Italy sue for the Protection of Spain 506 Severus Reigns 17 Years 57 Sevil described F. 210 2 Besieged Siege Reinforced Bridge broken Delivered 211 Sicily Reduced under the Dominion of Aragon 311 Siculus Son to Atlas Inherits the Crown 7 Signal Loyalty of Peter Peralta 418 Silingi who they were 67 They come into Spain 68 Silon and Adosinda King and Queen 108 Simon Earl of Montforte General of the Catholicks 198 Is killed 199 Sintra taken from the Moors 170 Siracusa in vain besieged by the Aragonians 239 Sisebutus Elected King 86 Subdues the Asturians Overthrows the Romans Dies 87 Sisenandus Usurps the Crown having expelled Suinthila and his Son 88 Sixteen put to Death for Treason 286 Sixtus IV. chosen Pope Dies 415 Slaughter of Moors and Christians 313 Of the Christians 443 360 Of Aragonians 219 Small Body of Christians deseats a great one of Moors 360 Soldans Fleet worsted in India Some Rebels submit but fresh Troubles ensue in Castile 411 Spain its Description 1 It s Form and Situation 2 Its Rivers and Mountains 3 It s Ancient and Modern division 3 It s Language 5 Divided betwixt Caesar and Pompey 46 Entirely subdued by Augustus 50 How divided and governed 54 True Religion flourishes there 84 Spaniards Revolt from the Romans who kill 15000 of them They Revolt again 30 Honoured to incline them to serve the Romans 25 Decline in Calabria 470 Defeated 482 Their Practices 489 Spurius Lucretius 32 Storms 17 Strange Custom 49 Way of Adoption 129 Prodigy 159 Fondness betwixt King John and D. Alvaro de Luna 348 Strangers come to serve against thr Moors 154 Strife among the Nobility of Castile 308 Success of the Aragonians 164 Of the Castilians 164 203 Of the Aragonians against the Moors 166 Of the Aragonians at Naples 369 Of the Portugueses in In India 533 543 Succession of the Moorish Monarchs 108 Of the Moors 148 Of the Earls of Barcelona 148 In Sicily F. 213 p. 2 Succours from England and other Parts 264 Succours from Spain land in Naples 497 Suevians who they were 67 They come into Spain 68 Are Converted Cause of their Conversion 77 Reduced under the Dominion of the Goths Their Kingdom abolish'd 81 Suinthila Chosen King 87 Causes of his Ruine Is expell'd by his own Subjects and the Francs 88 Swisters descend into Italy 549 Rout the French 555 Synods Vid. Councils Syphax routed by Massinissa 25 T. Tacitus Reigns 6 Months and 20 Days 98 Tahuste and other Places taken 163 Tamerlan the Tartar his Exploits 321 Tangier and Arzilla taken by the King of Portugal 415 Tarifa besieg'd by the Moors 234 237 261 Terentius Varro 32 Teresa Countess Dowager of Portugal Governs 165 Territories of the Infidels ravag'd 139 260 Theobald the first King of Navarre ingages in the Holy War 208 Dies 212 Theobald the 2d King of Navarre 212 Marries Fol. 213 p. 2 Dies 216 Theodoredus King of the Goths 71 Theodorick King of the Goths Invades Spain 72 Theodorick by the French call'd Thierri 77 Theodosius declar'd Emperour in the East 64 Excommunicated for his Cruelty at Thessalonica Dies at Milan Reign'd 16 Years and 2 Days 66 Theudis King by Election His Death 76 Theudiselus elected King Is murder'd 76 Three Synods 75 Remarkable Things 17 Legates sent to govern Spain 45 Cities and other small Towns taken from the Moors 454 Defeats of the Infidels at Sea 357 Great Men die 437 Tiberius Reigns
Riches and Prosperity he shall be very Devout of a virtuous Inclination and a great Defender of Christianity Amidst so many Virtues considering human Frailty there could not be wanting some Allay of Vice Avarice which is laid to his Charge may be well excused with the lowness of the Revenue The Wickedness of those Times was the cause of the Severity and Rigour he is blamed for Foreign Writers accuse him of a wicked Craft and that he valued not his Word where it was for his Advantage to break it I will not dispute how true this is He contracted Affinity with the Greatest Princes in all Christendom as the Kings of England and Portugal and the Dukes of Austria Several other Princes were near of Kin to him for he was Unkle to Anne Dutchess of Britany as Brother to her Grandmother by the Mother's side He was Cousin German to Ferdinand King of Naples and great Unkle to Catherine Queen of Navarre as brother to her Grandmother This particularly is laid to his Charge That without any regard of Kindred only thro' Ambition of enlarging his Dominions he thrust this Lady and her Husband out of their Kingdom and obliged them to retire to France Others excuse him upon pretence of Religion and the Pope's Command but that is a weak Defence Great Troubles ensued hereupon Henry d' Albret Son to that Queen endeavoured to recover his Kingdom with more Valour than good Fortune He had by the Lady Margaret Sister to Francis King of France one Daughter and Heiress called Joanna who married Anthony of Bourbon Duke of Vendosme and was Mother to that Henry who married Margaret the Sister of Three Kings of France viz. Francis II. Charles and Henry who all dying without Issue he inherited that Crown as next of the Male Line Notwithstanding the People of France pretended he could not inherit because he had embraced the then new-broached Heresies that spread abroad in France But let us leave this to put an end to the Affair of Granada King Ferdinand and Queen Elizabeth having taken possession of that City by the special Providence of God the Moors remaining in that part of Spain were for ever after brought under the Dominion and Government of the Christians This solemn Entry was upon Friday the 6th of January 1492. and according to the Arabian Account the Year 897 of the Hegira on the 8th of the Month which they call Rahib Haraba Which Day as it is a Feast of great Solemnity throughout the Christian World as being the Epiphany of our Lord so was it particularly Joyful and Fortunate to all Spain and no less unhappy to the Moors For by their Extirpation the Honour of Spain was restored and a great Province added to the Christian Dominions All other Provinces of Christendom were made Partakers of this Joy and particularly Pope Innocent had a large account given him of the Reduction of all Spain to its former Obedience to the Church In all Parts there were Bonfires and Sports celebrated in token of Joy and Men Women and Children went in Procession to the Churches to give Thanks to Almighty God for so signal a Mercy Rome was rejoycing for the Peace concluded betwixt the Pope and King of Naples when John de Estrada King Fedinand's Ambassador brought this happy News In token of their great Satisfaction the Pope Cardinals and People of Rome went in Procession to the Spanish Church of Santiago there the Divine Office was performed with great Solemnity and a Sermon suitable to the Occasion preached in which the Preacher highly extolled the King and Queen and magnified the Valour of and Victories obtained by the Spanish Nation The End of the 25th BOOK The History of SPAIN BOOK XXVI CHAP. I. The Affairs in Britany The Jews expelled Spain Pope Innocent VIII dies Alexander VI. succeeds him Navarre pacified AFter putting so Honourable an end to the War of Granada and totally subverting the Kingdom of the Moores in Spain King Ferdinand and Queen Elizabeth bent their thoughts upon greater and more glorious Undertakings Lest the great number they had of brave and expert Soldiers should be debauched with Luxury and Ease since nothing remained to Conquer at home they sent them to subdue Kingdoms abroad Thus the Dominion and Name of the Spaniards till then confined within the bounds of their own Country was not only spread abroad through France Italy and Barbary but extended to the utmost bounds of the Earth I am sensible the Work that lies before me is too great for my weak Capacity and might startle the greatest Wits For this Reason in the Preface to my Latin History I said I would conclude with the War of Granada but several Learned People have perswaded me this Work would be imperfect ending there that the Actions since performed are so glorious they will be an Ornament to all the rest and that every one is more delighed with Modern History than with that which its Antiquity makes dubious I have therefore resolved to continue this History some years longer in which the Spaniards performed the most glorious Actions that were ever done not only by them but by any People in the whole World Before we enter upon those mighty Exploits it will not be amiss to put the Reader in mind of some things we have hinted before Francis Duke of Britany Married Margaret Daughter to Ellenor Queen of Navarre and Niece to King Ferdinand They had no Issue Male but only two Daughters Ann and Elizabeth Many Princes were ambitious to Marry those Ladies and especially the Eldest Among the rest Charles VIII King of France was he that stood fairest notwithstanding he was before Contracted to Margaret Daughter to Maximilian King of the Romans who being now a Widdower Treated of Marrying the same Lady Ann. The King of France sought to gain by force what he feared not to compass by fair means and therefore upon pretence that the Duke of Orlcans was protected against him in Britany he made War upon that Country The Duke applied himself for Succour to the English Germans and Spaniards To this purpose as has been said Alan d' Albret Father to the King of Navarre hoping to Marry the Lady Ann came to King Ferdinand then at Valencia and prevailed with him to send a Fleet and Land Forces under the Command of John Gralla into Britany These Forces and the Dukes were defeated by the French in the Month of August 1488. After this the King of France and Duke of Britany were reconciled the Duke promising not to Marry his Daughters without that King's Consent which he performed for he died the following year leaving them both Maids He appointed the Mareschal of Britany Tutor to his Daughter and Governour of the Province who favoured the Pretentions of Monsieur d' Albert but the Earl of Dunois and the Chancellor opposed and the Prince of Orange who was her near Kinsman seized upon the Dutchess and her Sister The Mareschal obtained Succours
out of England The Prince of Orange had recourse to the Kings of the Romans and of Spain King Ferdinand sent 1000 choice Horse under the Command of D. Peter Gomez Sarmiento Earl of Salinas who landed in Britany at the beginning of the year 1490. This Succour did nothing there and d' Albret despairing of success upon promise of being made Constable of France resolved to change Parties and accordingly delivered up Nantes the chief City of that Dukedom to the French King Ferdinand seeing his Forces were of no use in Britany and upon hopes given him of being restored to Russillon and Cerdaigne called them home Luis XI King of France had ordered that Restitution to be made in his Will being perswaded so to do by F. Francis de Paula Founder of the Minims whom he sent for out of Italy before his death The Spaniards being gone the King of France soon possessed himself of the greatest part of Britany and presently after Married Ann the Dutchess This Marriage so increased the Power and confirmed the Affairs of France that all Divisions being at an end the French had leasure to invade Italy In Spain King Ferdinand and Queen Elizabeth having ended the War with the Moors resolved to banish the Jews out of all their Dominions To this purpose they ordered a Proclamation to be set forth at Granada where they then were in the Month of March 1492 commanding all that Nation to depart the Kingdom within four months leave being given them either to sell their Goods or carry them with them In the month of April F. Thomas de Torquemada the first Inquisitor General published an Order forbidding all Christians after that time to Entertain or Conceal them under severe Penalties This caused an infinite number of those People to transport themselves to several places Some went over to Africk others to Italy and many to the Eastern Countreys where their Descendents still use the Spanish Tongue A great number of them stayed in Portugal upon Leave granted by King John II. yet so that each of them should pay Eight Crowns in Gold for their Reception and depart the Kingdom within a certain time limited After the expiration whereof all such as stayed should be made Slaves Many of them were accordingly brought into Servitude and afterwards set free by King Emamul at the beginning of his Reign What number of Jews went out of Spain cannot be positively affirmed Most Authors say there were 170000 Families and some say they made up 800000 Souls A vast Multitude which caused many to condemn this Action of the King 's as a great loss to his Kingdoms these being a Rich and Industrious People No doubt but it was a great advantage to those Countreys whither they went because they carried with them great part of the Riches of Spain True it is many of them rather than leave their Country and sustain such great loss were Baptized some sincerely others only for Protection At this time died at Rome Pope Innocent VIII The next day after his Death the Cardinals met to choose another and at last after much struggling whether by fair or soul means is not mine to decide Cardinal Roderick Borgia was Elected and took the Name of Alexander VI. Many ill things have been said of this Pope some it is likely were true but magnified through Malice because he was a Stranger as being born at Valencia When his Unckle Calixtus was chosen Pope he made haste to Rome and being created Cardinal had by a Roman Woman called Zanocia or Vanezia four Sons Peter Luis the Eldest Cesar John and Godfrey and one Daughter called Lucretia He was so rich that he bought the Dukedom of Gandia and gave it to his Son Peter Luis and after his decease to his 3d Son John whose Son and Heir was John Father to D. Francis Borgia a Holy Man for quitting that Estate he became a Jesuit Alexander was Elected on the 11th of August and Crowned on the 27th The same day he confirmed the Decree before passed for Erecting the See of Valencia into an Archbishoprick and gave it to his Second Son Cesar then Bishop of Pamplona The year following he made him a Cardinal several Witnesses being produced to Swear he was not Son to the Pope but to Dominick Arin̄ano Husband to Zanocia such was the Corruption of that Age. The youngest Son of all was Godfrey who by Contract with the King of Naples was created Prince of Esquilache Lucretia was first Married to John Sforzia then to Luis Alonso de Aragon Bastard Son to Alonso King of Naples and lastly to Alonso de Este Eldest Son to Hercules Duke of Ferrara During the Papacy of Alexander 〈◊〉 Cardinals Caps were given to Spaniards Navarre was now in an uproar for two Reasons One was that John Viscount Narbonne Unckle to the Queen of Navarre pretended he had a better Right to the Crown than she because his Eldest Brother Gaston died before his Mother Queen Ellenor and therefore he said he was to take place of the Grandchildren On the other side the Earl of Lerin disturbed the Country being possessed of Pamplona Olite and several other Places Each Party had recourse to King Ferdinand to justifie their Proceedings as to one who was so nearly concerned and might be so great a support to them As to the Viscount King Ferdinand answered he would stand by the King and Queen of Navarre their Right being undisputable He therefore took several Places in the County of Faux by force of Arms and at the same time pleaded his Title in the Parliament of Paris yet at length he compounded and gave over his Pretentions for a while For the Earl of Lerin it was ordained that he should deliver up those Places he was unjustly possessed of and be banished Navarre during his Life together with his two Sons Luis and Ferdinand To mollifie these hard Conditions the Town of Huescar in the Kingdom of Granada was given him with the Title of a Marquess This was concluded the following year and put in execution 3 years after Let us turn back to what we have left behind CHAP. II. Discoveries and Conquests of the Spaniards in the West-Indies Controversies arise betwixt the Crowns of Spain and Portugal concerning their Discoveries Roussillon and Cerdagne restored to King Ferdinand THE most Honourable and Advantageous Enterprize that Spain ever undertook was the Discovery of the West-Indies properly called The New World which hapned in this manner A Ship being drove by a violent Storm from the Coast of Africk was cast upon an unknown Land After the Storm had ceased the Master with only 3 or 4 Mariners the rest being consumed by Famine returned to the Island Madera Christopher Columbus a Genoese but Married in Portugal was then in that Island and was an able Seaman and daring Man He entertained the Master of that Ship in his House who died soon after and left Columbus his Journal of that Voyage Others