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sometime_o slight_a mention_n be_v make_v not_o only_o in_o the_o proêm_n of_o some_o charter_n of_o late_a time_n but_o also_o in_o several_a ancient_a petition_n of_o the_o islander_n that_o those_o island_n belong_v heretofore_o to_o the_o duchy_n of_o normandy_n and_o upon_o that_o account_n be_v hold_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n but_o yet_o we_o know_v as_o well_o that_o those_o province_n which_o in_o ancient_a time_n be_v derive_v by_o inheritance_n to_o our_o king_n in_o france_n of_o which_o kind_n true_o these_o island_n be_v to_o be_v reckon_v if_o they_o be_v hold_v as_o part_n of_o normandy_n be_v always_o permit_v so_o to_o use_v their_o own_o custom_n and_o ancient_a form_n of_o jurisdiction_n that_o they_o be_v not_o at_o all_o subject_n to_o the_o 19_o ordinary_a jurisdiction_n of_o the_o court_n of_o england_n the_o same_o privilege_n be_v ever_o allow_v likewise_o to_o the_o people_n of_o aquitain_n anjou_n normandy_n and_o other_o yea_o and_o some_o age_n since_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v please_v to_o order_n that_o such_o controversy_n as_o happen_v there_o shall_v not_o be_v decide_v in_o any_o other_o place_n out_o of_o the_o island_n but_o in_o their_o own_o court_n of_o judicature_n whereas_o notwithstanding_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o in_o the_o reign_v of_o edward_n the_o 2d_o second_o and_o a._n three_o time_n which_o without_o doubt_n make_v good_a search_n into_o that_o right_n whereby_o those_o island_n be_v annex_v to_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n there_o be_v justice_n itinerant_a that_o be_v officer_n create_v of_o old_a who_o be_v often_o by_o ordinary_a right_n to_o take_v cognisance_n especial_o of_o the_o more_o heinous_a crime_n through_o all_o the_o county_n of_o england_n also_o of_o such_o right_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o crown_n as_o be_v usurp_v and_o arrogate_a by_o any_o and_o of_o other_o matter_n for_o the_o most_o part_n that_o be_v usual_o bring_v into_o court_n of_o justice_n who_o be_v 16._o sometime_o also_o call_v justitiae_fw-la errantes_fw-la justice_n errant_a be_v wont_a to_o be_v send_v forth_o into_o those_o island_n as_o well_o as_o into_o the_o county_n of_o england_n though_o the_o inhabitant_n do_v indeed_o exclaim_v and_o sometime_o prefer_v their_o petition_n against_o this_o kind_n of_o jurisdiction_n but_o yet_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o the_o opinion_n of_o those_o very_a officer_n who_o be_v themselves_o learned_a in_o the_o law_n then_o be_v that_o those_o commission_n whereby_o they_o be_v so_o enable_v to_o administer_v justice_n in_o those_o island_n be_v not_o only_o ground_v upon_o law_n which_o be_v the_o opinion_n also_o of_o those_o who_o rule_v at_o that_o time_n in_o this_o nation_n but_o also_o that_o the_o very_a province_n of_o the_o island_n be_v so_o incorporate_v one_o with_o another_o as_o they_o be_v all_o with_o england_n throughout_o the_o extent_n of_o that_o sea_n which_o lie_v between_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o our_o english_a custom_n in_o the_o province_n or_o country_n that_o a_o caus_n be_v sometime_o enlarge_v they_o may_v appoint_v day_n of_o appearance_n to_o any_o inhabitant_n of_o those_o island_n in_o the_o king_n bench_n in_o england_n as_o well_o as_o to_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o any_o one_o of_o the_o isle_n in_o the_o other_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o be_v use_v within_o england_n itself_o which_o appear_v by_o the_o commission_n of_o john_n de_fw-fr scardeburgh_n and_o his_o fellow-justice_n in_o the_o time_n of_o scaccarii_fw-la edward_n the_o three_o and_o londinensi_fw-la other_o of_o that_o age._n but_o it_o be_v never_o hear_v i_o suppose_v that_o upon_o such_o a_o enlargement_n a_o time_n of_o appearance_n may_v by_o our_o common_a law_n be_v appoint_v in_o any_o other_o place_n but_o that_o which_o be_v of_o the_o same_o jurisdiction_n as_o contain_v within_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o crown_n whereto_o also_o that_o place_n belong_v out_o of_o which_o any_o one_o be_v so_o adjourn_v nor_o do_v i_o remember_v that_o any_o such_o thing_n be_v ever_o so_o much_o as_o attempt_v in_o those_o province_n which_o be_v not_o reckon_v in_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o english_a empire_n yet_o possess_v upon_o another_o title_n by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o the_o dutchy_n of_o anjou_n normandy_n aquitain_n and_o the_o like_a moreover_o also_o in_o the_o more_o ancient_a charter_n of_o some_o of_o our_o king_n in_o confirmation_n of_o the_o etc._n privilege_n of_o islander_n they_o be_v note_v more_o than_o once_o for_o such_o privilege_n as_o they_o or_o their_o ancestor_n or_o predecessor_n have_v enjoy_v under_o the_o obedience_n of_o any_o of_o our_o progenitor_n be_v king_n of_o england_n sure_o if_o it_o have_v be_v then_o believe_v that_o those_o island_n be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o duchy_n of_o normandy_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v doubt_v but_o they_o have_v add_v also_o or_o duke_n of_o normandy_n which_o we_o find_v true_o in_o some_o charter_n of_o 19_o late_a time_n yet_o so_o that_o in_o these_o also_o those_o isle_n be_v say_v in_o express_a term_n and_o that_o upon_o very_o good_a ground_n to_o be_v retain_v in_o sealtie_n and_o obedience_n to_o our_o crown_n of_o england_n but_o in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o three_o the_o islander_n petition_v the_o king_n in_o parliament_n for_o their_o privilege_n and_o custom_n be_v which_o have_v be_v establish_v time_n out_o of_o mind_n annex_v the_o custom_n of_o some_o of_o the_o island_n among_o which_o be_v these_o item_n that_o no_o man_n ought_v to_o be_v question_v about_o his_o freehold_n after_o he_o have_v quiet_o enjoy_v it_o a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n unless_o it_o be_v by_o writ_n take_v out_o of_o the_o chancery_n of_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n make_v special_a mention_n both_o of_o the_o tenement_n itself_o and_o of_o the_o tenant_n item_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v put_v to_o answer_n before_o the_o king_n justice_n of_o assize_n until_o they_o first_o give_v they_o copy_n of_o their_o commission_n of_o assize_n under_o their_o seal_n item_n that_o the_o king_n justice_n assign_v by_o commission_n for_o the_o bold_v of_o assize_n ought_v not_o to_o hold_v plea_n here_o long_a than_o the_o space_n of_o three_o week_n true_o these_o ancient_a custom_n seem_v so_o to_o reâ—â—sh_v as_o if_o those_o island_n have_v be_v subject_a to_o our_o king_n &_o their_o ordinary_a jurisdiction_n by_o the_o right_n of_o english_a empire_n not_o by_o the_o norman_a although_o the_o islander_n insinuate_v also_o in_o the_o same_o petition_n that_o they_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o neighbour_a province_n of_o normandy_n add_v hereto_o also_o that_o the_o â—sle_n of_o serk_n be_v grant_v by_o queen_n 3_o elisabeth_n to_o herelie_o the_o carteret_n to_o be_v hold_v in_o capite_fw-la by_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n that_o be_v to_o say_v as_o a_o feud_n belong_v to_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n notwithstanding_o that_o it_o be_v unaware_o or_o else_o careless_o admit_v in_o the_o charter_n of_o this_o grant_n to_o be_v within_o the_o duchy_n of_o normandy_n but_o in_o the_o treaty_n hold_v at_o chartres_n when_o edward_n the_o three_o renounce_v his_o claim_n to_o normandy_n and_o some_o other_o country_n of_o france_n that_o border_v upon_o the_o sea_n it_o be_v add_v that_o no_o controversy_n shall_v remain_v touch_v the_o island_n but_o that_o he_o shall_v hold_v all_o island_n whatsoëver_o which_o he_o possess_v at_o that_o time_n whether_o they_o lie_v before_o those_o country_n that_o â—ee_n hold_v or_o 3._o other_o for_o reason_n require_v this_o to_o maintain_v the_o dominion_n by_o sea_n yea_o both_o jersey_n and_o gernsey_n as_o also_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n and_o man_n be_v say_v in_o divers_a treaty_n hold_v betwixt_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o other_o prince_n to_o belong_v unto_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n and_o to_o lie_v cottonianâ_fw-la near_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n these_o isle_n also_o be_v grant_v heretofore_o by_o king_n 27._o henry_n the_o five_o to_o his_o brother_n john_n duke_n of_o bedford_n without_o any_o recognition_n to_o be_v make_v unto_o we_o or_o our_o heir_n notwithstanding_o any_o prerogative_n of_o the_o crown_n for_o any_o other_o tenure_n hold_v of_o we_o out_o of_o the_o say_a island_n which_o may_v in_o any_o wise_a belong_v unto_o the_o say_a island_n castle_n or_o dominion_n which_o word_n seem_v not_o in_o the_o least_o measure_n to_o admit_v any_o right_n of_o the_o duchy_n perhaps_o also_o that_o ancient_a custom_n be_v as_o a_o token_n or_o pledge_n of_o the_o sea_n dominion_n be_v conjoin_v with_o that_o of_o the_o isle_n whereby_o all_o the_o fish_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o record_n of_o 18._o edward_n the_o three_o take_v by_o the_o fisherman_n of_o
our_o isle_n of_o gernesey_n jersey_n serk_n and_o aureney_n in_o the_o sea_n between_o easter_n and_o michaelmas_n be_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o those_o place_n acknowledge_v to_o belong_v unto_o we_o at_o a_o reasonable_a rate_n to_o be_v pay_v therefore_o and_o that_o the_o say_v fisherman_n be_v bind_v to_o carry_v all_o the_o fish_n by_o they_o take_v between_o the_o time_n aforesaid_a unto_o certain_a place_n in_o those_o isle_n appoint_v that_o the_o officer_n under_o our_o governor_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a isle_n may_v take_v thence_o for_o our_o use_n at_o what_o price_n they_o shall_v think_v fit_a and_o reasonable_a nor_o be_v that_o to_o be_v slight_v which_o we_o find_v in_o the_o chronicle_n of_o the_o abbey_n or_o monastery_n of_o teuxburie_n concern_v henry_n beauchamp_n duke_n of_o warwick_n who_o be_v invest_v by_o henry_n the_o sixth_o with_o the_o title_n and_o dignity_n of_o king_n not_o only_o of_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n but_o also_o of_o gernesey_n and_o jersey_n whereunto_o the_o other_o isle_n in_o this_o tract_n do_v in_o a_o civil_a sens_fw-fr belong_v the_o same_o thing_n be_v record_v of_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n by_o that_o learned_a man_n 430._o william_n camden_n and_o that_o out_o of_o the_o same_o book_n the_o cottonianâ_fw-la book_n itself_o speak_v after_o this_o manner_n but_o the_o noble_a lord_n henry_n duke_n of_o warwick_n and_o first_o earl_n of_o england_n lord_z le_z dispenser_n and_o de_fw-fr abergeveney_n king_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n and_o gardsey_n and_o jardsey_n lord_n also_o of_o the_o castle_n of_o bristol_n with_o the_o appurtenance_n thereunto_o belong_v die_v 3_o idus_fw-la junii_fw-la anno_fw-la dom._n 1446._o in_o the_o twenty_o second_o year_n of_o his_o age_n at_o the_o castle_n of_o hanley_n and_o be_v bury_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o choir_n at_o teuxburie_n and_o a_o little_a before_o it_o be_v say_v of_o the_o same_o man_n that_o he_o be_v crown_v king_n of_o wight_n by_o the_o king_n be_v own_o hand_n no_o express_a mention_n be_v make_v in_o that_o place_n of_o the_o other_o island_n but_o they_o reckon_v in_o the_o same_o condition_n with_o this_o as_o they_o be_v part_n of_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n but_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v believe_v that_o those_o isle_n which_o lie_v before_o the_o shore_n of_o normandy_n have_v be_v so_o turn_v into_o a_o kingdom_n though_o subject_a to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n unless_o even_o they_o also_o who_o make_v they_o a_o kingdom_n have_v conceive_v that_o they_o possess_v they_o before_o by_o a_o title_n superior_a to_o that_o of_o the_o duchy_n that_o be_v to_o say_v by_o a_o kingly_a title_n as_o king_n richard_n the_o second_o when_o he_o have_v determine_v that_o robert_n earl_n of_o oxford_n who_o also_o be_v marquis_n of_o dublin_n and_o duke_n of_o ireland_n shall_v be_v creât_v londin_n king_n of_o ireland_n questionless_a do_v not_o doubt_v but_o that_o he_o himself_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n possess_v that_o island_n by_o no_o less_o a_o title_n and_o dignity_n than_o of_o king_n although_o the_o name_n of_o lord_n be_v whole_o use_v there_o at_o that_o time_n 1._o in_o stead_n of_o king_n as_o also_o until_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o eight_o so_o it_o be_v conceive_v upon_o good_a ground_n that_o those_o isle_n and_o the_o sea_n lie_v about_o they_o do_v though_o they_o use_v different_a custom_n constitute_v one_o entire_a body_n of_o empire_n with_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n whereunto_o also_o that_o special_a privilege_n of_o they_o do_v relate_v whereby_o through_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n they_o enjoie_v the_o benefit_n of_o freedom_n from_o hostility_n by_o sea_n though_o there_o be_v a_o war_n on_o foot_n between_o the_o neighbor-nation_n round_o about_o but_o of_o this_o more_o 22._o hereafter_o and_o in_o their_o court-record_n which_o contain_v the_o act_n or_o decree_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a justice_n itinerant_a we_o very_o often_o find_v plea_n of_o the_o crown_n which_o phrase_n be_v a_o evidence_n of_o the_o english_a government_n also_o in_o londin_n their_o trial_n those_o form_n in_o contempt_n of_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n his_o crown_n and_o dignity_n and_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n be_v seize_v of_o the_o aforescid_a advousen_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n as_o of_o his_o fee_n and_o in_o right_a of_o his_o crown_n and_o other_o not_o a_o few_o of_o that_o kind_n we_o meet_v with_o which_o savour_v not_o of_o any_o right_n of_o the_o duchy_n add_v moreover_o that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n so_o hold_v the_o right_n heretofore_o not_o only_o of_o the_o isle_n over_o against_o the_o shore_n of_o normandy_n but_o of_o those_o also_o which_o be_v opposite_a to_o aquitain_n as_o a_o pledge_n or_o concomitant_a of_o his_o possession_n of_o that_o sea_n so_o far_o as_o it_o belong_v to_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n that_o though_o our_o henry_n the_o three_o renounce_v his_o claim_n to_o no_o small_a part_n of_o aquitain_n yet_o that_o isle_n lie_v before_o it_o call_v oleron_n no_o less_o famous_a in_o the_o west_n for_o chapter_n naval_a law_n than_o rhodes_n be_v of_o old_a he_o grant_v to_o his_o elder_a son_n edward_n to_o be_v hold_v in_o time_n to_o come_v as_o a_o perpetual_a appendant_a of_o the_o english_a crown_n for_o this_o claus_n be_v add_v to_o the_o grant_v so_o scaccarii_fw-la that_o the_o say_a isle_n may_v always_o remain_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n and_o never_o be_v alienate_v from_o the_o same_o also_o in_o his_o letter_n grant_v to_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o oleron_n he_o say_v 3_o we_o will_v not_o in_o any_o wise_a sever_v you_o from_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n some_o year_n before_o also_o he_o in_o like_a manner_n make_v a_o grant_n of_o 66._o gascoign_n or_o those_o part_n which_o lie_v upon_o the_o shore_n of_o aquitain_n near_o the_o sea_n to_o prince_n edward_n upon_o condition_n it_o shall_v remain_v entire_o and_o for_o ever_o to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n so_o without_o doubt_v his_o intent_n be_v that_o both_o the_o seacoast_n and_o this_o isle_n shall_v in_o a_o special_a manner_n be_v possess_v by_o the_o say_a prince_n but_o by_o no_o mean_n be_v disjoin_v from_o the_o english_a empire_n any_o more_o than_o the_o sea_n its_o self_n which_o wash_v their_o shore_n and_o although_o after_o a_o while_n both_o this_o and_o some_o other_o neighbour_a isle_n do_v many_o age_n since_o for_o divers_a reason_n follow_v the_o fate_n of_o those_o french_a shore_n which_o lie_v next_o to_o they_o yet_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n remain_v entire_a as_o it_o do_v before_o to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o it_o sufficient_o appear_v by_o those_o other_o passage_n which_o we_o have_v show_v the_o dominion_n and_o possession_n of_o the_o sea_n assert_v on_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n from_o that_o 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the_o king_n they_o both_o bear_v date_n the_o last_o day_n of_o june_n mccciii_o to_o these_o commissioner_n or_o other_o of_o that_o kind_n the_o libel_n be_v joint_o exhibit_v by_o procurator_n on_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o prelate_n and_o peer_n of_o england_n also_o of_o the_o high_a admiral_n of_o england_n yea_o and_o of_o the_o city_n and_o town_n throughout_o england_n and_o last_o of_o the_o whole_a english_a nation_n and_o other_o subject_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o how_o this_o can_v be_v do_v otherwise_o than_o by_o authority_n of_o the_o estate_n in_o parliament_n be_v not_o to_o be_v imagine_v with_o these_o in_o like_a manner_n be_v join_v the_o procurator_n of_o most_o nation_n border_v upon_o the_o sea_n throughout_o europe_n as_o the_o genoëse_n catalonian_o spaniard_n almain_n zelander_n hollander_n friâ—slanders_n dane_n and_o norwegian_n beside_o other_o under_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o roman_n german_n empire_n all_o these_o together_o 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thing_n in_o a_o manner_n be_v acknowledge_v by_o a_o subject_n of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n no_o mean_a man_n in_o a_o letter_n that_o he_o write_v some_o year_n since_o to_o a_o friend_n of_o he_o in_o england_n his_o name_n be_v gudbrandus_fw-la thorlacius_n bishop_n of_o hola_n in_o island_n who_o in_o a_o letter_n 590._o send_v hither_o anno_fw-la mdxcv_o to_o hugh_n branham_n pastor_n of_o harwich_n call_v the_o britain_n almost_o lord_n there_o of_o the_o whole_a sea_n there_o be_v say_v he_o a_o report_n now_o at_o this_o day_n that_o you_o of_o britain_n who_o i_o have_v almost_o call_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n have_v negotiation_n every_o year_n in_o groenland_n but_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n deny_v it_o here_o and_o this_o more_o northerly_a sea_n which_o belong_v to_o island_n they_o challenge_v to_o themselves_o as_o they_o be_v king_n of_o norway_n and_o that_o by_o ancient_a right_n if_o not_o unjust_o pretend_v to_o this_o purpose_n let_v we_o observe_v that_o passage_n which_o i_o find_v in_o a_o speech_n of_o the_o ambassador_n of_o erricus_n the_o ten_o king_n of_o norway_n and_o denmark_n deliver_v unto_o our_o henry_n the_o five_o which_o run_v to_o this_o effect_n cottoniavae_fw-la most_o victorious_a king_n of_o england_n may_v it_o plea_n your_o majesty_n to_o understand_v that_o our_o most_o gracious_a lord_n the_o king_n of_o norway_n etc._n etc._n aforesaid_a have_v certain_a island_n to_o wit_n island_n jeroy_n hietland_n and_o many_o more_o belong_v to_o his_o kingdom_n of_o norway_n whereunto_o of_o old_a no_o person_n be_v wont_a to_o repair_v out_o of_o other_o country_n upon_o any_o occasion_n whatsoëver_o either_o of_o fish_v or_o merchandise_v under_o peril_n of_o life_n and_o limb_n nor_o may_v the_o man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o norway_n more_o than_o those_o of_o other_o country_n without_o special_a licence_n from_o his_o majesty_n nor_o may_v they_o after_o licence_n obtain_v set_v forth_o out_o of_o any_o other_o 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clear_o explain_v about_o this_o business_n and_o that_o right_a of_o the_o english_a defend_v at_o large_a in_o the_o letter_n send_v by_o queen_n elisabeth_n to_o christiern_n the_o four_o bear_v date_n cal._n septembris_fw-la anno_fw-la mdxcix_o so_o much_o whereof_o as_o concern_v this_o particular_a i_o think_v meet_v to_o insert_v at_o the_o request_n of_o the_o most_o excellent_a prince_n your_o highness_n father_n we_o send_v say_v the_o queen_n letter_n a_o ambassador_n into_o germany_n anno_fw-la mdlxxvii_o who_o treat_v with_o his_o commissioner_n about_o all_o matter_n in_o controversy_n and_o especial_o about_o the_o fish_n of_o island_n and_o norway_n where_o it_o be_v find_v that_o the_o king_n insist_v only_o upon_o a_o former_a treaty_n of_o two_o year_n r._n truce_n wherein_o it_o be_v at_o that_o time_n agree_v that_o the_o english_a shall_v not_o sail_v beyond_o hagaland_n but_o there_o be_v several_a treaty_n with_o the_o king_n john_n and_o christiern_n allege_v on_o our_o part_n wherein_o all_o former_a controversy_n be_v compose_v it_o be_v otherwise_o agree_v and_o conclude_v and_o both_o party_n be_v to_o stand_v to_o this_o treaty_n of_o general_a peace_n make_v afterward_o not_o to_o the_o precede_a two_o year_n truce_n which_o the_o most_o excellent_a prince_n your_o father_n acknowledge_v desire_v by_o his_o letter_n that_o that_o controversy_n may_v be_v refer_v to_o another_o disquisition_n but_o since_o that_o time_n no_o such_o disquisition_n have_v be_v make_v nevertheless_o we_o understand_v that_o our_o subject_n fish_v have_v be_v take_v torment_v and_o handle_v in_o a_o hostile_a manner_n whether_o this_o be_v just_o do_v all_o man_n will_v be_v able_a to_o judge_n who_o shall_v weigh_v our_o reason_n with_o a_o impartial_a mind_n we_o do_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n whitfeld_n and_o de_fw-fr barnico_n when_o 1597._o they_o come_v unto_o we_o do_v in_o word_n pretend_v that_o the_o fish_n of_o island_n and_o norway_n be_v use_v by_o the_o english_a contrary_a to_o the_o league_n and_o agreement_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o see_v they_o neither_o do_v nor_o can_v produce_v any_o proof_n and_o we_o have_v authentic_a evidence_n attest_v by_o the_o king_n john_n and_o christiern_n to_o the_o contrary_a whereto_o more_o credit_n ought_v to_o be_v give_v than_o to_o bare_a allegation_n the_o matter_n be_v put_v off_o to_o another_o time_n it_o be_v answer_v also_o too_o d_o r_o craig_n that_o the_o transaction_n which_o be_v conclude_v with_o king_n frederick_n at_o haderslabe_n in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n mdlxxxiii_o belong_v nothing_o at_o all_o to_o this_o business_n for_o the_o reason_n before_o mention_v and_o a_o little_a after_o the_o letter_n speak_v thus_o but_o that_o which_o be_v pretend_v from_o the_o treaty_n with_o king_n john_n the_o aforesaid_a treaty_n at_o koppenhagen_n that_o licens_fw-la for_o fish_v aught_o
that_o in_o it_o which_o may_v seem_v to_o import_v that_o he_o call_v himself_o king_n of_o the_o ocean_n especial_o if_o you_o consider_v those_o word_n which_o we_o find_v sometime_o among_o german_a writer_n in_o the_o title_n of_o charles_n the_o five_o emperor_n and_o king_n of_o spain_n in_o the_o preface_n to_o the_o constitution_n concern_v public_a judicatories_n in_o the_o empire_n he_o be_v call_v king_n of_o the_o canary_n land_n also_o of_o the_o island_n of_o the_o indies_n and_o of_o the_o continent_n and_o of_o the_o ocean_n archduke_n of_o austria_n etc._n etc._n and_o in_o the_o imperial_a sanction_n publish_v in_o high_a dutch_a konig-und_a jnsulen_n canariae_fw-la auch_fw-ge der_fw-ge jnsulen_n indiarum_fw-la und_fw-ge terrae_fw-la firmae_fw-la des_fw-fr maer_n oceant_fw-la etc._n etc._n as_o you_o may_v meet_v with_o it_o at_o least_o six_o hundred_o time_n the_o word_n ocean_n be_v add_v as_o if_o he_o entitle_v himself_o king_n of_o the_o ocean_n but_o this_o 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count_n baron_n and_o noble_n of_o bretaign_a what_o these_o nobilitates_fw-la be_v and_o whence_o they_o have_v their_o original_n be_v partly_o declare_v by_o bertrandus_fw-la argentraeus_fw-la sometime_o precedent_n of_o the_o province_n of_o renes_fw-la where_o he_o discourse_v also_o of_o the_o right_n of_o give_v pass_v port_n which_o they_o call_v bref_n the_o conduct_n at_o this_o time_n in_o use_n on_o that_o shore_n 44._o that_o say_v he_o whereas_o till_o then_o it_o have_v be_v a_o right_n peculiar_a to_o the_o prince_n be_v give_v by_o way_n of_o dowry_n to_o the_o baron_n of_o leon_n of_o which_o we_o have_v already_o speak_v out_o of_o the_o aforesaid_a record_n remain_v a_o hereditary_a and_o proper_a right_n to_o that_o family_n until_o joannes_n ruffus_n the_o duke_n redeem_v it_o for_o a_o vast_a sum_n of_o money_n of_o guynomarius_n baron_n of_o leon_n after_o that_o peter_n mauclerc_n of_o dreux_n duke_n of_o bretaign_n have_v in_o vain_a attempt_v to_o re_fw-mi assume_v it_o by_o force_n of_o arm_n it_o have_v its_o original_n they_o say_v upon_o this_o occasion_n when_o our_o prince_n and_o ancient_a king_n consider_v the_o daily_a shipwreck_n make_v upon_o that_o shore_n where_o there_o be_v many_o rock_n and_o but_o few_o havens_n they_o make_v a_o law_n that_o none_o shall_v set_v to_o sea_n without_o their_o leave_v such_o as_o do_v set_v out_o pay_v a_o certain_a rate_n have_v pass_n and_o guide_v appoint_v they_o that_o be_v well_o acquaint_v with_o the_o sea_n and_o shores_n they_o that_o refuse_v forfeit_v their_o ship_n with_o all_o their_o tackle_n and_o furniture_n thereof_o and_o if_o the_o ship_n be_v cast_v away_o their_o good_n also_o be_v confiscate_v they_o that_o have_v leave_v be_v in_o no_o danger_n of_o confiscation_n and_o if_o they_o suffer_v shipwreck_n have_v liberty_n to_o recover_v as_o many_o of_o their_o good_n as_o they_o can_v and_o these_o guide_n be_v pay_v their_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o conduct-money_n which_o we_o have_v mention_v elsewhere_o call_v by_o they_o droit_fw-fr de_fw-fr savage_n these_o ticket_n or_o pass_n be_v give_v out_o now_o as_o heretosore_n at_o a_o certain_a price_n and_o among_o other_o revenue_n of_o the_o exchequer_n they_o also_o be_v rent_v out_o to_o the_o farmer_n of_o the_o custom_n so_o far_a bertrandus_fw-la from_o who_o renatus_n 106._o choppinus_n borrow_v almost_o the_o very_a word_n but_o 51._o petrus_n berlordaeus_n advocate_n of_o the_o parliament_n of_o rein_n tell_v we_o we_o that_o the_o custom_n of_o take_v forfeiture_n in_o that_o manner_n of_o all_o shipwreck_v good_n be_v abolish_v there_o by_o a_o edict_n in_o the_o year_n mdlxxxiii_o but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n for_o so_o much_o as_o concern_v any_o part_n of_o that_o western_a sea_n lie_v next_o the_o shore_n these_o be_v manifest_a evidence_n either_o of_o dominion_n or_o of_o subjection_n in_o the_o sea_n which_o indeed_o sufficient_o prove_v by_o the_o custom_n of_o that_o people_n that_o the_o sea_n be_v capable_a of_o dominion_n moreover_o upon_o occasion_n of_o these_o pass_n there_o have_v be_v controversy_n raise_v sometime_o between_o the_o duke_n of_o bretaign_a and_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o certain_a cottoniana_n memorial_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o bretaign_a which_o have_v relation_n to_o the_o time_n of_o our_o richard_n the_o second_o and_z john_n the_o four_o duke_n of_o bretaign_n but_o this_o we_o know_v for_o certain_a that_o in_o the_o agreement_n make_v between_o our_o edward_n the_o four_o and_o francis_n the_o second_o duke_n of_o bretaign_n in_o the_o year_n mcccclxviii_n concern_v mutual_a traffic_n and_o free_a passage_n to_o and_o fro_o for_o the_o subject_n of_o each_o nation_n during_o a_o seqq_fw-la truce_n of_o thirty_o year_n there_o be_v a_o express_a proviso_n concern_v wreck_n but_o such_o a_o one_o as_o leave_v a_o equal_a right_n to_o both_o of_o they_o not_o altogether_o unlike_a that_o which_o for_o many_o age_n have_v be_v in_o use_n upon_o the_o english_a shore_n no_o mention_n at_o all_o be_v make_v in_o the_o article_n of_o the_o truce_n either_o of_o the_o right_n or_o use_v of_o these_o aforesaid_a pass_n as_o be_v a_o thing_n in_o no_o wise_a admit_v by_o the_o english_a but_o some_o modern_a lawyer_n among_o the_o french_a do_v vain_o affirm_v that_o their_o king_n be_v lord_n not_o only_o of_o a_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n neighbour_a upon_o the_o territory_n of_o bretaign_n but_o of_o the_o whole_a sea_n that_o be_v adjoin_v to_o any_o part_n of_o france_n and_o so_o of_o the_o british_a or_o english_a sea_n also_o by_o which_o very_a assertion_n of_o they_o they_o sufficient_o declare_v their_o judgement_n that_o there_o may_v be_v a_o sovereign_a over_o the_o sea_n the_o king_n say_v 1._o charondas_n caronaeus_n be_v supreme_a lord_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o flow_v about_o his_o
least_o allow_v such_o a_o dominion_n viii_o some_o ancient_a testimony_n of_o inferior_a note_n all_o the_o testimony_n almost_o that_o be_v comprehend_v in_o this_o division_n be_v indeed_o domestic_a but_o so_o public_a and_o of_o so_o approve_a credit_n that_o hardly_o any_o thing_n can_v be_v imagine_v which_o may_v give_v a_o clear_a proof_n of_o possession_n whether_o civil_a as_o they_o call_v it_o consist_v in_o the_o act_n and_o intention_n of_o the_o mind_n or_o natural_a which_o require_n the_o presence_n of_o the_o body_n as_o it_o will_v appear_v to_o any_o man_n that_o plea_n to_o make_v enquiry_n especial_o if_o he_o add_v hereunto_o the_o judgement_n or_o acknowledgement_n of_o such_o foreign_a nation_n who_o it_o chief_o concern_v whereof_o we_o shall_v treat_v also_o by_o and_o by_o but_o of_o these_o thing_n several_o and_o in_o order_n that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n since_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n have_v perpetual_o enjoy_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n flow_v about_o they_o be_v in_o the_o first_o place_n prove_v from_o the_o guard_n or_o government_n thereof_o as_o of_o a_o province_n or_o territorie_n that_o be_v to_o say_v from_o the_o very_a law_n of_o the_o english_a admiralty_n chap._n fourteen_o as_o concern_v the_o guard_n or_o government_n of_o this_o sea_n there_o be_v three_o thing_n therein_o that_o deserv_v special_a consideration_n 1._o the_o bare_a mention_n and_o nature_n of_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o of_o the_o guardian_n or_o admiral_n thereof_o in_o public_a record_n and_o history_n 2._o the_o tribute_n and_o custom_n impose_v demand_v or_o accustom_v to_o be_v pay_v for_o and_o in_o consideration_n of_o the_o say_a custody_n and_o last_o the_o tenor_n and_o variety_n of_o commission_n belong_v to_o this_o guard_n and_o english_a admiralty_n or_o government_n by_o sea_n since_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n there_o be_v frequent_a mention_n of_o a_o guard_n or_o government_n institute_v for_o the_o defence_n and_o guard_v of_o the_o sea_n here_o call_v to_o mind_v those_o observation_n touch_v this_o kind_n of_o guard_n which_o have_v be_v already_o gather_v out_o of_o that_o record_n or_o breviarie_n of_o england_n call_v doomsday_n and_o king_n henry_n the_o first_o say_v florentius_n of_o worcester_n give_v order_n to_o his_o butsecarli_n to_o guard_v the_o sea_n and_o take_v care_n that_o no_o person_n from_o the_o part_n of_o normandy_n approach_v the_o english_a coast_n the_o same_o say_v roger_n hoveden_n in_o the_o very_a same_o word_n almost_o save_v only_o that_o the_o print_a copy_n err_v in_o put_v buzsecarlis_n for_o butsecarlis_n these_o butsecarli_n or_o butescarles_n in_o the_o old_a english_a language_n be_v officer_n belong_v to_o the_o navy_n or_o sea-soldier_n as_o hutesecarli_n be_v domestic_a servant_n or_o officer_n in_o court_n and_o that_o to_o guard_v the_o sea_n here_o signify_v to_o secure_v the_o sea_n itself_o not_o to_o defend_v the_o seacoast_n as_o sometime_o though_o seldom_o it_o do_v with_o land-force_n plain_o appear_v out_o of_o henry_n of_o huntingdon_n in_o who_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o the_o person_n who_o thus_o guard_v the_o sea_n be_v employ_v by_o the_o king_n to_o make_v war_n by_o sea_n against_o robert_n duke_n of_o normandy_n who_o be_v then_o prepare_v a_o expedition_n against_o england_n now_o those_o public_a record_n be_v lose_v wherein_o the_o royal_a commission_n for_o the_o delegation_n of_o this_o command_n or_o government_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v register_v all_o that_o space_n of_o time_n betwixt_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n and_o the_o reign_n of_o k._n john_n but_o from_o thence_o through_o all_o the_o succeed_a age_n unto_o this_o present_a time_n it_o be_v as_o clear_a as_o day_n that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v be_v wont_a to_o constitute_v governor_n or_o commander_n who_o have_v the_o charge_n of_o guard_v the_o english_a sea_n and_o be_v the_o guardian_n or_o governor_n thereof_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v some_o province_n upon_o land_n first_o of_o all_o there_o be_v 9_o entrust_v with_o the_o government_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o the_o maritimae_n and_o marinae_fw-la the_o maritime_a and_o marine_a part_n of_o the_o empire_n understand_v by_o those_o word_n not_o only_o some_o country_n lie_v upon_o the_o seacoast_n but_o comprehend_v the_o british_a sea_n itself_o though_o i_o confess_v it_o be_v not_o always_o so_o such_o as_o be_v to_o guard_v and_o keep_v it_o under_o the_o title_n sometime_o of_o custodes_fw-la navium_fw-la guardian_n of_o the_o ship_n but_o more_o frequent_o custodes_fw-la maritimae_n or_o marinae_fw-la in_o the_o sens_fw-fr aforesaid_a and_o in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o thomas_n de_fw-fr moleton_n be_v style_v 3._o captain_n and_o guardian_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o have_v authority_n give_v he_o to_o guard_v the_o sea_n and_o the_o maritime_a part_n of_o the_o eastern_a shore_n in_o the_o same_o king_n reign_n also_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o cinque-port_n be_v say_v to_o guard_v the_o dorso_fw-la coast_n of_o england_n and_o the_o sea_n so_o hugh_n de_fw-fr crequeur_n be_v warden_n of_o the_o 14._o cinque-port_n and_o of_o the_o sea_n in_o those_o part_n afterward_o the_o title_n of_o guardian_n or_o warden_n very_o often_o change_v into_o that_o of_o admiral_n edward_n the_o first_o say_v thomas_n of_o 1295._o walsingham_n for_o the_o keep_n of_o the_o sea_n divide_v his_o ship_n into_o three_o fleet_n set_v over_o they_o three_o admiral_n namely_o over_o the_o ship_n at_o yarmouth_n and_o the_o road_n thereabouts_o john_n the_o botetort_n over_o those_o at_o portsmouth_n william_n de_fw-fr leyburn_n and_o over_o the_o western_a and_o irish_a ship_n a_o certain_a irish_a knight_n moreover_o also_o that_o john_n de_fw-fr butetort_n be_v in_o the_o 5._o record_n of_o that_o time_n style_v custos_fw-la maritimae_n as_o be_v other_o also_o after_o this_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o second_o three_o admiral_n of_o the_o three_o several_a coast_n of_o england_n say_v 22._o walsingham_n have_v the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n namely_o sir_n john_n oturvin_n sir_n nicolas_n kyriel_n sir_n john_n felton_n we_o find_v moreover_o in_o our_o 2._o public_a record_n that_o the_o principal_a end_n of_o call_v a_o parliament_n in_o the_o fourteen_o year_n of_o edward_n the_o three_o be_v de_n treter_n sur_fw-fr la_fw-fr guard_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr pee_z de_fw-fr la_fw-fr terre_fw-fr &_o de_fw-fr la_fw-fr march_n d'escoce_fw-mi &_o de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mere_a i._n e._n that_o consultation_n may_v be_v have_v concern_v keep_v the_o peace_n of_o the_o land_n also_o of_o the_o border_n of_o scotland_n and_o of_o the_o sea_n the_o same_o regard_n they_o have_v to_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o of_o the_o island_n or_o land-province_n give_v we_o to_o understand_v that_o the_o land_n and_o sea_n together_o make_v one_o entire_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n other_o evidence_n of_o the_o same_o nature_n we_o find_v in_o the_o 21._o record_n of_o parliament_n of_o the_o same_o king_n time_n or_o in_o the_o consultation_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o realm_n have_v about_o this_o matter_n that_o whilst_o they_o treat_v indifferent_o de_fw-fr la_fw-fr saufegard_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr terre_fw-fr concern_v the_o safeguard_n or_o defence_n of_o the_o land_n or_o island_n and_o de_fw-fr la_fw-fr saufeguard_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mere_n the_o safeguard_n of_o the_o sea_n they_o seem_v sufficient_o to_o declare_v be_v well_o inform_v by_o their_o ancestor_n that_o the_o dominion_n of_o this_o as_o well_o as_o of_o that_o do_v belong_v unto_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n for_o the_o business_n debate_v by_o they_o be_v not_o only_a how_o to_o provide_v a_o navy_n to_o make_v resistance_n against_o their_o enemy_n by_o sea_n but_o for_o the_o guard_v the_o sea_n itself_o as_o well_o as_o the_o secure_n of_o the_o isle_n and_o so_o for_o the_o maintain_v the_o ancient_a right_n of_o their_o king_n in_o both_o in_o the_o time_n of_o richard_n the_o second_o hugh_n calverlee_n be_v make_v admiral_n of_o the_o sea_n say_v parâ—_n walsingham_n and_o m_o r_o thomas_n percy_n join_v in_o commission_n with_o he_o to_o scour_v the_o road_n of_o the_o sea_n for_o one_o year_n and_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o same_o king_n and_o likewise_o of_o the_o two_o succeed_a henries_n the_o four_o and_o the_o five_o debate_n be_v have_v in_o 6._o parliament_n about_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o six_o the_o guard_n 27._o of_o the_o sea_n be_v with_o a_o numerous_a navy_n commit_v to_o richard_n earl_n of_o salisbury_n john_n earl_n of_o shrewsburie_n john_n earl_n of_o worcester_n and_z james_z earl_n of_o wilts_n to_o who_o be_v add_v baron_n sturton_n and_o afterward_o to_o john_n duke_n
subject_n and_o that_o at_o least_o some_o certain_a ship_n may_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o king_n majesty_n have_v leave_v grant_v they_o once_o a_o year_n at_o least_o during_o the_o war_n to_o carry_v provision_n and_o that_o we_o may_v be_v able_a to_o certify_v the_o king_n our_o master_n how_o far_o we_o in_o this_o case_n prevail_v but_o the_o ambassador_n have_v this_o answer_n that_o the_o queen_n can_v in_o reason_n be_v induce_v to_o consent_v it_o shall_v be_v do_v as_o they_o desire_v and_o whereas_o you_o allege_v a_o supposal_n that_o both_o english_a and_o netherlander_n have_v licence_n give_v they_o sometime_o to_o transport_v corn_n we_o to_o wit_n the_o chief_a man_n of_o her_o majesty_n be_v privie-council_n who_o give_v the_o answer_n dare_v confident_o affirm_v that_o never_o any_o such_o matter_n be_v grant_v by_o the_o queen_n nor_o will_v she_o ever_o incline_v to_o grant_v the_o like_a during_o the_o war_n if_o the_o queen_n have_v not_o in_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o dane_n as_o well_o as_o of_o the_o hans-town_n before_o be_v sovereign_a of_o the_o sea-territorie_n through_o which_o they_o be_v to_o pass_v to_o what_o end_n then_o be_v this_o so_o earnest_a a_o petition_n and_o so_o imperious_a a_o answer_n here_o in_o this_o often_o iterate_a petition_n no_o liberty_n be_v pretend_v beside_o that_o which_o depend_v upon_o the_o queen_n pleasure_n as_o sovereign_a of_o the_o passage_n for_o this_o cause_n also_o it_o be_v that_o john_n king_n of_o sweden_n in_o that_o letter_n of_o his_o scent_n to_o queen_n elisabeth_n in_o the_o year_n 1587._o wherein_n he_o desire_v leave_v for_o olavus_n wormaeus_n a_o swede_n to_o carry_v merchandise_n into_o spain_n acknowlege_v that_o he_o must_v of_o necessity_n maritimas_fw-la reginae_fw-la ditiones_fw-la pertransire_fw-la pass_v through_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o queen_n which_o be_v the_o very_a library_n word_n of_o the_o letter_n nor_o be_v it_o any_o new_a thing_n that_o this_o 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hastings_n and_o wimund_n de_fw-fr winchelsey_n and_o other_o of_o our_o baron_n of_o the_o cinque-port_n and_o other_o our_o faithful_a sturemanni_n and_o marinelli_n of_o our_o galley_n to_o arrest_v all_o ship_n that_o they_o shall_v find_v and_o they_o safe_o to_o bring_v with_o all_o that_o shall_v be_v find_v in_o they_o into_o england_n and_o therefore_o we_o command_v you_o that_o you_o be_v attend_v upon_o they_o in_o this_o business_n so_o that_o you_o be_v in_o england_n with_o all_o your_o ship_n and_o merchandise_n at_o such_o port_n and_o coast_n as_o they_o shall_v appoint_v you_o and_o if_o any_o shall_v attempt_v to_o resist_v they_o contrary_a to_o our_o command_n you_o our_o liege-man_n be_v require_v to_o assist_v they_o with_o all_o your_o strength_n as_o you_o tender_v your_o selus_fw-la and_o your_o chattel_n and_o peace_n and_o residence_n in_o our_o land_n for_o you_o or_o any_o of_o your_o generation_n witness_v hereunto_o william_n briwr_n at_o lutegar_n the_o eight_o day_n of_o february_n these_o sturemanni_n here_o do_v signify_v sea-captain_n and_o marinelli_n sea-soldier_n but_o to_o command_v that_o all_o ship_n shall_v be_v arrest_v throughout_o the_o sea_n that_o be_v stay_v or_o take_v and_o bring_v into_o england_n what_o else_o be_v it_o but_o undoubted_o to_o declare_v himself_o lord_n of_o the_o sea_n through_o which_o they_o pass_v now_o let_v no_o man_n object_n that_o this_o commission_n extend_v only_o to_o the_o ship_n of_o english_a man_n or_o of_o the_o subject_n of_o he_o that_o give_v the_o commission_n it_o be_v true_a indeed_o that_o the_o commission_n before_o cite_v be_v send_v and_o direct_v only_o to_o the_o sea-captain_n man_n of_o war_n and_o merchant_n of_o england_n but_o yet_o it_o be_v manifest_a thereby_o that_o the_o four_o person_n there_o name_v and_o other_o baron_n of_o the_o cinque-port_n and_o the_o rest_n that_o be_v add_v be_v oblige_v by_o the_o aforesaid_a command_n to_o arrest_v all_o the_o ship_n that_o they_o shall_v find_v throughout_o the_o sea_n and_o bring_v they_o safe_o into_o england_n with_o all_o that_o shall_v be_v find_v in_o they_o but_o this_o part_n of_o the_o commission_n be_v add_v as_o it_o plain_o appear_v that_o no_o english_a sea-captain_n or_o soldier_n or_o merchant_n whatsoëver_o may_v be_v want_v in_o their_o assistance_n in_o stay_v the_o ship_n of_o foreiner_n if_o any_o one_o shall_v attempt_v to_o resist_v they_o contrary_a to_o our_o command_n you_o our_o liegeman_n be_v require_v to_o assist_v they_o with_o all_o your_o etc._n etc._n our_o liege-man_n in_o this_o place_n or_o they_o that_o ought_v to_o give_v assistance_n in_o make_v stay_n of_o ship_n be_v all_o the_o seaman_n and_o merchant_n of_o england_n that_o sail_n up_o and_o down_o throughout_o this_o sea_n they_o therefore_o who_o ship_n be_v to_o be_v stay_v do_v not_o come_v under_o the_o name_n of_o liege-man_n or_o subject_n and_o that_o it_o so_o appear_v to_o be_v by_o the_o very_a form_n of_o this_o commission_n that_o there_o need_n be_v not_o any_o thing_n more_o be_v add_v touch_v this_o matter_n i_o suppose_v no_o man_n will_v doubt_v who_o take_v it_o into_o his_o more_o serious_a consideration_n nor_o do_v the_o word_n make_v mention_n of_o the_o ship_n of_o enemy_n but_o of_o any_o whatsoëver_n as_o be_v deliver_v by_o a_o sovereign_a prince_n who_o be_v concern_v at_o that_o time_n for_o his_o own_o occasion_n and_o at_o discretion_n to_o use_v not_o only_o his_o own_o sea-territorie_n but_o also_o the_o ship_n sail_v therein_o as_o well_o as_o those_o that_o be_v in_o port._n we_o find_v a_o commission_n of_o the_o like_a nature_n and_o which_o speak_v to_o the_o same_o purpose_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o wherein_o command_n be_v give_v to_o make_v stay_n of_o all_o ship_n of_o ten_o tun_n and_o upward_a that_o shall_v be_v find_v in_o the_o south_n and_o western_a sea_n except_o some_o that_o
to_o be_v present_v touch_v that_o business_n unto_o the_o king_n as_o he_o be_v at_o that_o time_n king_n of_o france_n but_o only_o as_o king_n of_o england_n that_o be_v as_o lord_n of_o the_o whole_a sea_n flow_v between_o and_o it_o be_v very_o improbable_a and_o not_o in_o reason_n to_o be_v admit_v that_o they_o will_v so_o upon_o deliberation_n for_o both_o lord_n and_o commons_o use_v to_o debate_v such_o matter_n a_o long_a time_n before_o they_o pass_v a_o bill_n that_o they_o will_v i_o say_v so_o upon_o deliberation_n require_v a_o impose_v of_o custom_n by_o the_o act_n of_o a_o english_a parliament_n in_o a_o place_n that_o be_v not_o subject_a as_o a_o part_n of_o the_o royal_a patrimony_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o king_n of_o england_n from_o hence_o it_o be_v also_o that_o our_o present_a king_n charles_n do_v this_o last_o year_n declare_v that_o himself_o and_o his_o progenitor_n the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v in_o all_o time_n hitherto_o by_o a_o ancient_a and_o most_o just_a title_n be_v lord_n of_o this_o sea_n to_o wit_n in_o his_o 1634._o letter_n patent_n send_v to_o the_o maritime_a county_n of_o england_n whereby_o ship-monie_n be_v impose_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o his_o dominion_n by_o sea_n add_v moreover_o hereunto_o that_o in_o the_o agreement_n make_v betwixt_o our_o edward_n the_o first_o and_o guy_n earl_n of_o flanders_n about_o the_o wear_n of_o colors_z or_o flag_n in_o every_o ship_n and_o punish_v offender_n by_o sea_n william_n de_fw-fr leyburn_n be_v call_v londinensi_fw-la admiral_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mire_n du_fw-fr dict_z roy_fw-fr d_o engleterre_fw-fr or_o admiral_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o the_o say_a king_n of_o england_n other_o testimony_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n there_o be_v in_o record_n touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o it_o have_v be_v receive_v and_o acknowledge_v according_a to_o the_o common_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o our_o country_n which_o i_o shall_v discourse_n of_o in_o the_o next_o place_n and_o after_o that_o concern_v the_o testimony_n of_o foreiner_n of_o divers_a testimony_n in_o our_o own_o law-book_n and_o the_o most_o receive_a custom_n whereby_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v either_o assert_v or_o admit_v chap._n xxiv_o the_o seven_o of_o those_o head_n according_a to_o the_o former_a division_n which_o manifest_a the_o aforesaid_a dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n relate_n to_o our_o law-book's_a and_o the_o receive_a custom_n therein_o which_o prove_v it_o from_o the_o most_o ancient_a time_n there_o be_v also_o in_o they_o many_o particular_n that_o may_v relate_v hereunto_o which_o be_v explain_v now_o and_o then_o touch_v the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n the_o english_a admiralty_n and_o other_o thing_n already_o handle_v but_o in_o this_o chapter_n we_o shall_v use_v either_o the_o determination_n and_o commentary_n of_o our_o own_o lawyer_n or_o chief_o such_o court-record_n as_o explain_v their_o opinion_n i_o confess_v indeed_o in_o some_o of_o the_o author_n of_o our_o law_n who_o write_v above_o cccl_o year_n ago_o or_o thereabouts_o after_o they_o have_v as_o the_o manner_n than_o be_v read_v through_o the_o civil_a law_n also_o they_o be_v so_o strict_a in_o follow_v those_o determination_n word_n for_o word_n which_o they_o find_v concern_v the_o sea_n in_o that_o law_n that_o when_o they_o treat_v the_o acquirendo_fw-la rerum_fw-la dominio_fw-la of_o the_o manner_n of_o acquire_v the_o dominion_n of_o thing_n they_o tranfer_v they_o into_o their_o own_o writing_n from_o thence_o it_o be_v that_o henry_n bracton_n who_o be_v a_o very_a famous_a lawyer_n at_o the_o late_a end_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o say_v 6._o naturali_fw-la jure_fw-la communia_fw-la sunt_fw-la omne_fw-la haec_fw-la aqua_fw-la profluens_fw-la aër_fw-la &_o mare_n &_o litora_fw-la maris_fw-la quasi_fw-la maris_fw-la accessoria_fw-la by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n all_o these_o thing_n be_v common_a run_v water_n the_o aër_fw-la and_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o shore_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o accessory_n or_o dependent_n of_o the_o sea_n also_o aedificia_fw-la si_fw-la in_o mari_fw-fr five_o in_fw-la litore_fw-la posita_fw-la fuerint_fw-la aedificantium_fw-la sunt_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la gentium_fw-la if_o building_n be_v raise_v in_o the_o sea_n or_o upon_o the_o shore_n they_o become_v they_o that_o build_v they_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o a_o little_a after_o jus_fw-la piscandi_fw-la omnibus_fw-la common_a est_fw-la in_o portu_fw-la &_o in_fw-la fluminibus_fw-la a_o right_a of_o fish_v be_v common_a to_o all_o in_o a_o haven_n and_o in_o rivers_n which_o we_o find_v likewise_o in_o purchas_n some_o other_o of_o our_o law-book_n of_o that_o age_n as_o a_o passage_n that_o fall_v from_o some_o writer_n of_o who_o i_o speak_v at_o large_a in_o the_o former_a book_n that_o be_v more_o affect_v than_o be_v meet_v with_o the_o word_n of_o ulpian_n and_o justinian_n in_o the_o general_a division_n of_o thing_n but_o these_o very_a man_n in_o other_o place_n show_v the_o custom_n of_o our_o country_n do_v sufficient_o admit_v the_o king_n dominion_n by_o sea_n for_o bracton_n himself_o afterward_o speak_v of_o they_o that_o by_o the_o king_n grace_n and_o favour_n 57_o quieti_fw-la sint_fw-la de_fw-la theolonio_n &_o consuetudinibus_fw-la dandis_fw-la per_fw-la totum_fw-la regnum_fw-la angliae_fw-la in_o terrâ_fw-la &_o mari_fw-fr &_o per_fw-la totum_fw-la regnum_fw-la tam_fw-la per_fw-la terram_fw-la quà m_fw-la per_fw-la mare_fw-la be_v exempt_v from_o pay_v toll_n and_o custom_n throughout_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o england_n in_o the_o land_n and_o in_o the_o sea_n and_o throughout_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n both_o by_o land_n and_o by_o sea_n and_o in_o the_o same_o king_n time_n a_o freedom_n from_o some_o payment_n be_v grant_v to_o the_o citizen_n of_o london_n 〈◊〉_d per_fw-la totum_fw-la regnum_fw-la tam_fw-la per_fw-la mare_fw-la quà m_fw-la per_fw-la terram_fw-la throughout_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n as_o well_o by_o sea_n as_o by_o land_n and_o so_o bracton_n when_o he_o return_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o custom_n of_o our_o country_n acknowledge_v that_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n belong_v to_o his_o king_n no_o less_o than_o the_o land_n and_o hence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v also_o that_o inter_fw-la capitula_fw-la coronae_fw-la as_o they_o call_v they_o that_o be_v to_o say_v those_o article_n or_o chief_a head_n whereof_o enquiry_n be_v to_o be_v make_v according_a to_o the_o usual_a custom_n by_o judge_n delegated_a throughout_o england_n for_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o public_a peace_n we_o find_v this_o also_o de_fw-fr purpresturis_fw-la factis_fw-la super_fw-la dominum_fw-la regem_fw-la sive_fw-la in_o terrâ_fw-la sive_fw-la in_o mari_n etc._n etc._n of_o tenant_n pourpresture_n make_v upon_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n either_o on_o land_n or_o in_o the_o sea_n or_o in_o sweet_a water_n either_o within_o the_o liberty_n or_o without_o or_o in_o any_o other_o place_n whatsoëver_o and_o it_o be_v place_v among_o the_o article_n of_o this_o kind_n recite_v by_o a._n bracton_n himself_o and_o in_o the_o 20._o author_n of_o the_o book_n call_v fleta_n but_o in_o the_o language_n of_o the_o law_n we_o call_v those_o thing_n pourpresture_n whereby_o detriment_n be_v do_v to_o any_o public_a place_n belong_v to_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o crown_n as_o a_o public_a thoroughfare_n a_o river_n and_o the_o like_a so_o that_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o this_o ordinary_a article_n touch_v pourpresture_n in_o the_o general_a form_n of_o enquiry_n the_o dominion_n or_o ownership_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o king_n no_o less_o than_o of_o the_o land_n or_o of_o public_a road_n or_o thoroughfare_n and_o river_n agreeable_a hereto_o be_v that_o article_n about_o any_o kind_n of_o salt-water_n be_v enclose_v by_o any_o subject_n or_o possess_v in_o any_o other_o manner_n which_o in_o the_o ancient_a record_n of_o our_o court_n of_o admiralty_n be_v say_v to_o be_v do_v to_o the_o disherison_n of_o the_o king_n the_o word_n be_v there_o 33._o item_n soit_fw-fr enquis_fw-la de_fw-fr ceulx_fw-fr qui_fw-fr acrochent_fw-fr à _fw-fr eulx_fw-fr eaves_n salee_v en_fw-fr desheretison_fw-fr du_fw-fr roy._n and_o at_o this_o day_n enquiry_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v make_v about_o that_o business_n by_o authority_n of_o the_o high_a admiral_n robert_n belknap_n also_o a_o eminent_a judge_n in_o the_o time_n of_o richard_n the_o second_o 46._o say_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o king_n as_o a_o part_n of_o his_o english_a kingdom_n or_o of_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o crown_n his_o word_n in_o the_o norman_a tongue_n run_v thus_o le_fw-fr mere_a est_fw-fr del_fw-it ligeans_n del_o roy_n come_v de_fw-fr son_fw-fr corone_fw-fr d'_fw-fr d'angleterre_fw-fr he_o add_v to_o his_o word_n in_o a_o remarkable_a way_n as_o belong_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n or_o as_o belong_v
there_o be_v no_o memorial_n to_o the_o contrary_a have_v be_v in_o peaceable_a possession_n of_o the_o sovereign_a lordship_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o england_n and_o of_o the_o isle_n within_o the_o same_o with_o power_n of_o make_v and_o establish_v law_n statute_n and_o prohibitions_n of_o people_n as_o well_o of_o other_o dominâ—â—ns_n as_o their_o 〈◊〉_d pass_v through_o the_o say_a sea_n and_o the_o saveraign_a guard_n thereof_o and_o also_o 〈…〉_o all_o manner_n of_o cognisance_n in_o cause_n and_o of_o do_v right_o aâ—d_v justice_n to_o high_a and_o low_a according_a to_o the_o say_a law_n statute_n ordinance_n and_o prohibition_n and_o all_o other_o thing_n which_o may_v appertein_a to_o the_o exercise_n of_o sovereign_a jurisdiction_n in_o the_o place_n aforesaid_a and_o whereas_o a._n de_fw-fr b._n depute_a admiral_n of_o the_o say_a sea_n by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o all_o other_o admiral_n appoint_v by_o the_o say_a king_n of_o england_n and_o his_o ancestor_n heretofore_o kings_z of_o england_n of_o aâ—â—â—al_n and_o complaint_n make_v of_o they_o to_o their_o sovereign_n the_o king_n of_o england_n in_o default_n of_o justice_n or_o for_o evil_a judâ—â—â—nâ—_n aâ—d_n especial_o of_o make_v prohibition_n do_v justice_n and_o take_v surety_n of_o the_o peace_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o people_n use_v arm_n in_o the_o say_a sea_n or_o carry_v sâ—â—ps_n otherwise_o furnish_v and_o â—et_a forth_o thâ—â—_n merchantman_n use_v to_o be_v aâ—d_v in_o all_o other_o point_n where_o a_o man_n may_v have_v reasonable_a cause_n to_o suspect_v they_o of_o robbery_n or_o other_o â—…uors_n and_o whereas_o the_o master_n of_o the_o ship_n of_o the_o say_a kingdom_n of_o england_n in_o the_o absence_n of_o the_o say_a admiral_n have_v be_v in_o peaceable_a possession_n of_o take_v cognisance_n and_o judge_v of_o all_o â—_z do_v in_o the_o say_a sea_n between_o all_o manner_n of_o people_n according_a to_o the_o law_n statute_n prohibition_n and_o custom_n and_o whereas_o in_o the_o first_o article_n of_o the_o league_n late_o make_v between_o the_o say_a king_n in_o the_o treaty_n upon_o the_o last_o peace_n at_o paris_n there_o be_v comprise_v the_o word_n here_o follow_v in_o a_o schedule_n annex_v to_o these_o present_n but_o that_o which_o follow_v we_o be_v not_o write_v in_o a_o schedule_n annex_v but_o in_o the_o same_o parchment_n from_o whence_o it_o may_v perhaps_o be_v conjecture_v that_o these_o be_v not_o so_o much_o the_o very_a libel_n themselves_o which_o be_v exhibit_v to_o the_o commissioner_n or_o auditor_n as_o ancient_a copy_n take_v from_o the_o original_a as_o also_o from_o this_o that_o the_o name_n of_o the_o admiral_n be_v set_v down_o a._n de_fw-fr b._n which_o two_o first_o letter_n do_v not_o agree_v with_o the_o name_n of_o any_o one_o that_o we_o can_v find_v in_o record_n to_o have_v be_v admiral_n of_o england_n at_o that_o time_n first_o it_o be_v conclude_v and_o accord_v between_o we_o and_o the_o agent_n and_o procurator_n aforesaid_a in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o say_a king_n that_o the_o say_v king_n shall_v from_o this_o time_n forward_o become_v to_o each_o other_o good_a true_a and_o faithful_a friend_n and_o be_v aid_v to_o one_o another_o against_o all_o man_n save_v the_o church_n of_o rome_n in_o such_o manner_n that_o if_o any_o one_o or_o more_o whosoever_o they_o be_v shall_v intend_v to_o disturb_v hinder_v or_o molest_v the_o say_v king_n in_o the_o franchise_n liberty_n privilege_n right_n and_o custom_n of_o they_o and_o their_o kingdom_n they_o shall_v be_v good_a and_o faithful_a friend_n to_o each_o other_o and_o aid_v against_o all_o man_n live_v and_o ready_a to_o die_v to_o defend_v keep_v and_o maintain_v the_o franchise_n liberty_n privilege_n right_n and_o custom_n aforesaid_a except_o on_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o say_a king_n of_o england_n john_n duke_n of_o brabant_n in_o brabant_n and_o his_o heir_n descend_v from_o he_o and_o the_o daughter_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o except_o on_o the_o behalf_n of_o our_o lord_n the_o say_a king_n of_o france_n the_o excellent_a prince_n mounseur_fw-fr albert_n king_n of_o almaign_n and_o his_o heir_n king_n of_o almaign_a and_o mounseur_fw-fr john_n earl_n of_o henault_n in_o henault_n and_o that_o the_o one_o shall_v not_o be_v of_o counsel_n nor_o aid_v where_o the_o other_o may_v lose_v life_n member_n estate_n or_o honour_n mounseur_fw-fr reyner_n grimbald_n master_n of_o the_o navy_n of_o the_o say_a king_n of_o france_n who_o call_v himself_o admiral_n of_o the_o say_a sea_n be_v depute_v by_o his_o aforesaid_a lord_n in_o his_o war_n against_o the_o fleming_n do_v after_o the_o say_a league_n make_v and_o confirm_v against_o the_o tenor_n and_o obligation_n of_o the_o say_a league_n and_o the_o intent_n of_o they_o that_o make_v it_o wrongful_o assume_v and_o exercise_v the_o office_n of_o admiralty_n in_o the_o say_a sea_n of_o england_n above_o the_o space_n of_o a_o year_n by_o commission_n of_o the_o say_a king_n of_o france_n take_v the_o people_n and_o merchant_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n and_o of_o other_o place_n pass_v through_o the_o say_a sea_n with_o their_o good_n and_o commit_v they_o so_o take_v to_o the_o prison_n of_o his_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o deliver_v their_o good_n and_o merchandise_n to_o the_o receiver_n of_o the_o say_a king_n of_o france_n by_o he_o depute_v in_o the_o port_n of_o his_o say_a kingdom_n as_o forfeit_v and_o due_a unto_o he_o to_o remain_v at_o his_o judgement_n and_o award_n and_o the_o take_n and_o detain_v of_o the_o say_a people_n with_o their_o say_a good_n as_o also_o his_o say_a judgement_n &_o award_n for_o the_o forfeiture_n &_o acquest_n of_o they_o he_o have_v justify_v before_o you_o lord_n auditor_n in_o write_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o authority_n of_o his_o say_a commission_n of_o admiralty_n aforesaid_a by_o he_o usurp_v after_o this_o manner_n and_o during_o a_o prohibition_n or_o restraint_n general_o make_v and_o proclaim_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n in_o right_a of_o his_o dominion_n according_a to_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o three_o article_n of_o the_o league_n aforesaid_a which_o contain_n the_o word_n above-written_a require_v that_o he_o may_v thereupon_o be_v acquit_v and_o discharge_v of_o the_o same_o to_o the_o great_a damage_n and_o prejudice_n of_o the_o say_a king_n of_o england_n and_o of_o the_o prelate_n &_o noble_n &_o other_o abovementioned_a wherefore_o the_o say_a procurator_n in_o the_o name_n of_o their_o say_a lord_n do_v pray_v your_o lordship_n auditor_n that_o you_o will_v cause_v due_a and_o speedy_a deliverance_n of_o the_o say_a people_n with_o their_o good_n and_o merchandise_n so_o take_v and_o detain_v to_o be_v make_v to_o the_o admiral_n of_o the_o say_a king_n of_o england_n to_o who_o the_o cognisance_n of_o the_o same_o of_o right_n appertain_v as_o be_v before_o express_v so_o that_o without_o disturbance_n from_o you_o or_o any_o other_o he_o may_v take_v cognisance_n thereof_o and_o do_v what_o belong_v to_o his_o office_n aforesaid_a and_o the_o say_v mounseur_fw-fr reyner_n be_v condemn_v and_o constrain_v to_o make_v satisfaction_n for_o all_o the_o say_a damage_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o he_o shall_v be_v able_a and_o in_o his_o default_n his_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n of_o france_n by_o who_o he_o be_v depute_v to_o the_o say_a office_n and_o that_o after_o satisfaction_n give_v for_o the_o say_a damage_n the_o say_v mounseur_fw-fr reyner_n may_v be_v so_o due_o punish_v for_o the_o violation_n of_o the_o say_a league_n that_o his_o punishment_n may_v be_v a_o example_n to_o other_o in_o time_n to_o come_v so_o far_o the_o libel_n of_o so_o many_o nation_n manifest_o acknowledge_v the_o sovereignty_n and_o dominion_n of_o our_o king_n over_o the_o sea_n and_o thereupon_o demand_v protection_n for_o themselves_o and_o whereas_o no_o mention_n be_v make_v of_o this_o thing_n in_o the_o history_n either_o of_o the_o french_a english_a or_o other_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n since_o the_o proceed_n of_o court_n of_o judicature_n be_v very_o seldom_o set_v down_o in_o historiâ—â—_n but_o we_o understand_v by_o the_o french_a history_n that_o this_o griâ—bald_n be_v gouâ—â—â—or_n of_o the_o french_a navy_n at_o the_o very_a same_o time_n paulus_n aemiliuâ—_n write_v of_o philip_n the_o fair_a say_v 8._o he_o hire_v sixteen_o galley_n from_o genoa_n â—ver_v which_o reyner_n grimbald_n be_v governor_n or_o commander_n he_o sail_v about_o by_o sea_n infest_a the_o sea-coast_n of_o flanders_n regimerus_n reginâ—rus_n or_o reynerus_n grimbaldus_n be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o man_n and_o among_o the_o genoêse_n there_o be_v a_o eminent_a family_n of_o that_o name_n but_o because_o he_o be_v a_o foreiner_n and_o mercenary_a therefore_o it_o seem_v joannes_n feronius_n leave_v
he_o out_o of_o the_o catalogue_n of_o the_o admiral_n of_o france_n yet_o 2._o joannes_n tilius_fw-la place_v he_o among_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o french_a navy_n call_v he_o roverius_n grimaldus_n he_o also_o be_v that_o admiral_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n who_o as_o joannes_n de_fw-fr 93._o beka_n say_v have_v command_v of_o three_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o galley_n that_o be_v send_v by_o philip_n the_o fair_a in_o the_o year_n mccciv_o to_o aid_v the_o hollander_n against_o the_o fleming_n there_o be_v also_o several_a particular_n in_o the_o record_n of_o france_n which_o relate_v to_o the_o difference_n then_o on_o foot_n between_o the_o english_a and_o french_a and_o although_o that_o libel_n or_o any_o copy_n of_o it_o be_v not_o find_v therein_o if_o we_o may_v credit_v tilius_fw-la who_o set_v forth_o a_o catalogue_n of_o that_o kind_n of_o record_n yet_o there_o be_v that_o commission_n among_o they_o whereby_o the_o aforesaid_a auditor_n or_o commissioner_n be_v authorize_v to_o determine_v of_o thing_n do_v contrary_a to_o the_o league_n it_o be_v describe_v by_o 40._o tilius_fw-la after_o this_o manner_n pouvoir_fw-fr donè_fw-la par_fw-fr le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr edovard_n à _fw-fr deux_fw-fr nommez_fw-fr &_o accordez_fw-fr de_fw-fr sa_fw-fr part_n pour_fw-fr avec_fw-fr les_fw-fr deux_fw-fr eleuz_fw-fr de_fw-fr la_fw-fr part_n du_fw-fr dit_fw-fr roy_fw-fr phelippe_n d'_fw-fr enquerir_fw-fr &_o amendir_fw-fr les_fw-fr forfaicte_v durant_fw-mi lour_v trefue_a le_fw-fr dernier_fw-fr juin_n mccciii_o ou_fw-fr tresor_fw-la layette_fw-fr procurationes_fw-la posse_fw-la &_o potestates_fw-la angliae_fw-la k._n power_n be_v give_v by_o king_n edward_n to_o two_o person_n name_v and_o appoint_v on_o his_o part_n to_o meet_v with_o two_o person_n choose_v on_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o say_a king_n philip_n to_o make_v enquiry_n and_o give_v remedy_n touch_v injury_n commit_v during_o the_o truce_n betwixt_o they_o the_o last_o of_o june_n mccciii_o in_o the_o treasury_n in_o the_o box_n entitle_v procurationes_fw-la posse_fw-la &_o potestateâ—s_fw-la angliae_fw-la k._n the_o commission_n bear_v date_n the_o same_o day_n and_o year_n whereby_o these_o auditor_n or_o commissioner_n be_v appoint_v for_o this_o purpose_n as_o we_o observe_v before_o out_o of_o our_o own_o record_n nor_o be_v it_o of_o any_o force_n here_o to_o the_o contrary_a that_o commissioner_n be_v sometime_o etc._n depute_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n by_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o shore_n on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o also_o by_o the_o aforesaid_a king_n to_o determine_v complaint_n about_o robbery_n and_o other_o injury_n usual_o do_v by_o private_a person_n to_o one_o another_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n for_o if_o any_o one_o will_v collect_v thence_o that_o the_o prince_n which_o depute_v they_o have_v both_o a_o equal_a right_n in_o the_o sea_n it_o may_v as_o well_o be_v conclude_v upon_o the_o same_o ground_n that_o they_o be_v but_o part-owner_n of_o their_o own_o country_n and_o have_v a_o equal_a interest_n in_o each_o other_o be_v land_n beside_o in_o such_o a_o kind_n of_o deputation_n as_o that_o there_o be_v more_o regard_n have_v of_o the_o person_n offend_v that_o be_v to_o be_v try_v than_o of_o the_o dominion_n of_o territory_n which_o true_o be_v whole_o to_o be_v discover_v some_o other_o way_n a_o recognition_n or_o acknowledgement_n of_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n make_v by_o the_o fleming_n in_o a_o embassy_n to_o edward_n the_o second_o chap._n xxix_o to_o these_o let_v we_o add_v now_o the_o assent_n and_o voluntary_a acknowledgement_n of_o the_o fleming_n in_o the_o parliament_n of_o england_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o second_o when_o as_o the_o ambassador_n of_o robert_n earl_n of_o flanders_n complain_v of_o the_o take_n of_o their_o good_n away_o at_o sea_n implore_v remedy_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n they_o say_v more_o than_o once_o that_o they_o be_v take_v upon_o the_o english_a sea_n towards_o the_o part_n about_o crauden_n within_o the_o power_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o bring_v into_o england_n but_o that_o it_o appertain_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n to_o take_v cognisance_n of_o the_o crime_n for_o that_o he_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o say_a sea_n and_o the_o aforesaid_a depredation_n be_v commit_v upon_o the_o aforesaid_a sea_n within_o his_o territory_n and_o jurisdiction_n which_o be_v the_o word_n of_o the_o record_n but_o i_o shall_v set_v down_o the_o dorso_fw-la whole_a so_o far_o as_o it_o relate_n to_o this_o business_n memorandum_n that_o whereas_o for_o the_o reformation_n of_o certain_a injury_n in_o a_o amicable_a way_n do_v by_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o flanders_n to_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n and_o by_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o say_a kingdom_n to_o those_o of_o flanders_n since_o the_o time_n that_o our_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n undertake_v the_o government_n of_o his_o kingdom_n several_a treaty_n have_v be_v hold_v between_o the_o council_n of_o our_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n and_o the_o ambassador_n of_o the_o say_a earl_n often_o send_v into_o england_n upon_o the_o aforesaid_a occasion_n which_o treaty_n by_o reason_n of_o some_o impediment_n that_o happen_v do_v not_o aâ—tem_v the_o desire_a effect_n at_o length_n in_o the_o parliament_n of_o our_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n hold_v at_o westminster_n in_o ocâ—abis_fw-la sancti_fw-la michaâ—lis_fw-la in_o the_o fourteen_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n there_o appear_v certain_a ambassador_n of_o the_o say_a earl_n to_o treat_v about_o reform_v the_o aforesaid_a injury_n in_o the_o form_n aforesaid_a and_o when_o as_o the_o say_a ambassador_n have_v be_v admit_v by_o our_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n to_o treat_v anew_o of_o this_o kind_n of_o injury_n these_o ambassador_n as_o other_o ambassador_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a earl_n in_o the_o aforesaid_a treaty_n do_v among_o other_o particular_n that_o they_o require_v before_o all_o thing_n make_v supplication_n that_o the_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n will_v at_o his_o own_o sâ—â—t_n by_o virtue_n of_o his_o royal_a authority_n cause_n enquiry_n to_o be_v maâ—â—_n and_o do_v justice_n about_o a_o certain_a depredation_n laâ—ely_o make_v by_o the_o subject_n of_o england_n as_o they_o say_v upon_o the_o english_a sea_n of_o wine_n and_o divers_a other_o merchandise_n belong_v to_o certain_a man_n of_o flanders_n towards_o the_o part_n about_o crauden_n within_o the_o territory_n and_o jurisdiction_n of_o our_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n allege_v that_o the_o aforesaid_a wine_n and_o merchandises_n take_v from_o the_o say_a fleming_n be_v bring_v within_o the_o râ—â—â—m_n and_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n and_o that_o it_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n himself_o so_o to_o do_v for_o that_o he_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o say_a sea_n and_o the_o aforesaid_a depredation_n be_v make_v upon_o the_o say_a sea_n within_o his_o territory_n and_o jurisdiction_n in_o conclusion_n after_o diligent_a consideration_n have_v of_o the_o premise_n in_o the_o same_o parliament_n with_o the_o prelate_n earl_n baron_n and_o other_o peer_n of_o the_o say_a realm_n be_v there_o present_a it_o be_v conclude_v upon_o their_o advice_n by_o the_o say_a lord_n king_n that_o to_o preserv_v the_o benefit_n of_o peace_n between_o the_o subject_n of_o england_n and_o â—landers_n the_o say_a lord_n king_n do_v by_o his_o royal_a authority_n cause_n enquiry_n to_o be_v make_v about_o the_o good_n take_v at_o that_o time_n upon_o the_o aforesaid_a english_a sea_n towards_o the_o say_a place_n of_o crauden_n and_o bring_v within_o the_o say_a realm_n in_o those_o place_n where_o the_o malefactor_n go_v with_o the_o good_n so_o take_v to_o the_o say_a land_n of_o england_n and_o cause_v the_o same_o depredation_n to_o be_v hear_v and_o determine_v according_a to_o law_n and_o reason_n and_o that_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o ship_n who_o have_v a_o hand_n in_o the_o say_a depredation_n and_o other_o who_o know_o receive_v the_o say_v offender_n with_o the_o good_n so_o take_v in_o whole_a or_o in_o part_n may_v be_v charge_v and_o punish_v thereupon_o as_o partaker_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a depredation_n so_o far_o that_o record_n and_o commissioner_n be_v appoint_v with_o power_n of_o jurisdiction_n by_o the_o king_n commission_n through_o most_o of_o the_o maritime_a county_n to_o make_v reparation_n of_o damage_n but_o because_o there_o be_v upon_o the_o shore_n over_o against_o we_o especial_o those_o of_o zealand_n and_o there_o be_v also_o upon_o other_o neighbour_a shore_n beside_o inlet_n of_o river_n very_o many_o wind_n and_o turn_n of_o the_o sea_n flow_v in_o whereby_o the_o land_n be_v so_o interweave_v up_o and_o down_o that_o it_o can_v well_o be_v but_o that_o the_o sea_n also_o which_o flow'_v in_o and_o oftentimes_o remove_n bank_n and_o make_v harbour_n there_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n almost_o
officer_n that_o be_v call_v precedent_n or_o 16._o master_n of_o the_o water_n and_o forest_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o public_a water_n which_o be_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o over_o which_o the_o king_n have_v dominion_n do_v belong_v to_o another_o dignity_n not_o at_o all_o to_o the_o admiral_n who_o according_a to_o the_o general_a nature_n of_o his_o office_n be_v not_o appoint_v to_o take_v charge_n of_o any_o province_n there_o much_o less_o of_o the_o river_n as_o in_o england_n the_o principal_a intent_n therefore_o of_o this_o office_n or_o dignity_n be_v only_o to_o command_v the_o fleet_n by_o sea_n for_o which_o cause_n also_o some_o year_n since_o henry_n of_o momorancie_n admiral_n of_o france_n have_v set_v up_o a_o statue_n on_o horse_n back_o at_o chantillie_o in_o honour_n of_o his_o father_n henry_n duke_n of_o momorancie_n 1612._o call_v himself_o in_o latin_a only_a navalis_fw-la militiae_fw-la magistrum_fw-la master_n of_o the_o militia_n by_o sea_n instead_o of_o admiral_n so_o that_o never_o any_o admiral_n constitute_v by_o the_o french_a king_n either_o of_o france_n or_o britain_n or_o aquitain_n have_v any_o authority_n in_o the_o sea_n itself_o whereby_o he_o may_v challenge_v a_o dominion_n to_o himself_o as_o governor_n or_o commander_n in_o chief_a which_o may_v be_v say_v in_o like_a manner_n of_o all_o the_o admiral_n of_o the_o belgic_a and_o the_o neighbour_a shore_n on_o this_o side_n and_o of_o the_o cantabrian_a or_o spanish_a shore_n on_o the_o other_o side_n for_o the_o authority_n of_o they_o all_o so_o far_o as_o concern_v this_o particular_a have_v be_v and_o be_v alike_o we_o know_v indeed_o that_o this_o dignity_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v style_v admiral_n of_o france_n and_o governor_n of_o the_o royal_a navy_n as_o the_o same_o dignity_n among_o the_o english_a be_v usual_o call_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n admiral_n of_o england_n and_o governor_n of_o the_o royal_a navy_n in_o etc._n several_a league_n that_o have_v be_v make_v betwixt_o the_o english_a and_o french_a but_o it_o be_v clear_a by_o what_o have_v be_v show_v that_o they_o bear_v the_o office_n or_o dignity_n call_v by_o the_o same_o name_n upon_o a_o different_a account_n and_o the_o quality_n of_o a_o dignity_n be_v to_o be_v value_v by_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o charge_n not_o by_o the_o bare_a name_n or_o title_n and_o let_v so_o much_o serve_v to_o be_v speak_v touch_v the_o defect_n of_o ancient_a testimony_n and_o the_o nature_n or_o quality_n of_o the_o government_n but_o now_o as_o to_o what_o concern_v the_o most_o ample_a and_o entire_a command_n of_o the_o english_a for_o very_a many_o age_n and_o the_o compare_v of_o it_o with_o those_o several_a government_n heretofore_o on_o the_o opposite_a shore_n it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o there_o be_v almost_o from_o the_o very_a beginning_n of_o the_o very_a first_o time_n of_o the_o english-saxons_a one_o entire_a empire_n throughout_o england_n and_o so_o on_o the_o whole_a shore_n which_o lie_v over_o against_o germany_n france_n and_o that_o part_n of_o spain_n call_v biscay_n and_o this_o also_o in_o the_o time_n of_o that_o heptarchy_n which_o be_v mention_v by_o writer_n for_o there_o be_v always_o some_o one_o person_n who_o have_v most_o power_n therein_o and_o to_o who_o the_o rest_n yield_v obedience_n as_o we_o be_v tell_v by_o 97._o beda_n and_o touch_v that_o particular_a there_o be_v a_o notable_a testimony_n in_o alcuinus_fw-la where_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o quarrel_n betwixt_o offa_n king_n of_o the_o mercian_n that_o be_v indeed_o of_o the_o most_o large_a and_o in_o a_o manner_n the_o most_o midland_n part_v of_o the_o heptarchy_n and_o charles_n surname_v the_o great_a king_n of_o france_n navigation_n be_v so_o 1669_o prohibit_v on_o both_o side_n that_o trade_n be_v whole_o obstruct_v which_o true_o can_v be_v conceive_v unless_o these_o large_a territory_n near_o the_o sea_n have_v be_v under_o the_o dominion_n of_o offa_n yea_o the_o inscription_n whereby_o offa_n be_v wont_a to_o set_v forth_o his_o royal_a title_n be_v often_o express_v after_o this_o manner_n etc._n offa_n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n king_n of_o the_o mercian_n and_o also_o of_o the_o nation_n round_o about_o but_o after_o the_o time_n of_o egbert_n or_o the_o 800_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n there_o be_v a_o continue_a catalogue_n plain_a enough_o of_o those_o king_n whether_o english-saxons_a or_o dane_n who_o unless_o you_o fond_o except_o edmund_n the_o anglo_n saxon_n and_o canutus_n the_o dane_n by_o who_o the_o kingdom_n be_v for_o some_o little_a time_n divide_v do_v reign_v without_o any_o other_o sharer_n in_o the_o dominion_n upon_o this_o shore_n no_o wonder_n then_o that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v entire_a and_o absolute_a lord_n in_o command_n of_o so_o ample_a a_o shore_n for_o so_o many_o age_n do_v also_o take_v special_a care_n to_o retain_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n lie_v before_o it_o as_o a_o appendant_a of_o the_o island_n especial_o see_v they_o not_o only_o have_v so_o long_o and_o large_a a_o command_n likewise_o on_o the_o shore_n over_o against_o we_o but_o also_o there_o be_v not_o any_o of_o their_o neighbour_n that_o can_v in_o any_o wise_a hinder_v it_o except_o such_o as_o possess_v some_o petty_a country_n border_v on_o the_o sea_n which_o true_o may_v be_v so_o call_v be_v compare_v to_o the_o spacious_a shore_n of_o the_o english_a empire_n and_o those_o also_o that_o be_v under_o distinct_a jurisdiction_n the_o sum_n of_o all_o this_o be_v see_v that_o about_o the_o begin_n of_o our_o great_a grand-father_n day_n there_o be_v only_o a_o very_a small_a shore_n contain_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o french_a kingdom_n and_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o maritime_a province_n by_o the_o addition_n whereof_o that_o kingdom_n as_o we_o have_v already_o show_v be_v afterward_o enlarge_v do_v not_o so_o much_o as_o pretend_v any_o right_n to_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o neighbour_a sea_n upon_o the_o interest_n of_o those_o province_n and_o see_v no_o testimony_n can_v be_v have_v in_o the_o monument_n of_o ancient_a writer_n concern_v such_o a_o kind_n of_o dominion_n but_o that_o very_o many_o be_v find_v touch_v the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n they_o have_v continual_o possess_v the_o whole_a english_a shore_n in_o its_o full_a latitude_n under_o one_o entire_a empire_n for_o above_o a_o thousand_o year_n and_o concern_v the_o perpetual_a enjoiment_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o a_o appendant_a of_o the_o kingdom_n therefore_o it_o follow_v we_o that_o their_o right_n be_v very_o manifest_a in_o this_o particular_a and_o so_o that_o the_o sea_n itself_o be_v a_o province_n under_o the_o tuition_n or_o protection_n of_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n as_o part_v of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o that_o the_o admiral_n of_o the_o shore_n lie_v over_o against_o we_o be_v not_o in_o reason_n to_o be_v call_v governor_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o such_o a_o sens_fw-fr as_o may_v signify_v any_o dominion_n of_o a_o commander_n in_o chief_a in_o the_o sea_n itself_o out_o of_o the_o port_n or_o other_o in-lets_a of_o that_o kind_n for_o which_o cause_n also_o it_o be_v that_o some_o age_n since_o very_o many_o of_o the_o neighbor-nation_n understand_v well_o enough_o the_o right_n of_o england_n make_v their_o complaint_n in_o express_a term_n against_o reyner_n grimbald_n admiral_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n because_o that_o l'_fw-fr office_n del_fw-it admiralté_fw-fr en_fw-fr la_fw-fr mire_n d'_fw-fr engleterre_fw-fr per_fw-la commission_n de_fw-fr roy_fw-fr de_fw-fr france_n tourcenousment_n emprist_n &_o usa_fw-la un_fw-fr a_fw-fr &_o plux_n etc._n etc._n that_o be_v because_o he_o have_v arrogate_a to_o himself_o and_o for_o the_o space_n of_o a_o year_n exercise_v the_o office_n of_o admiralty_n by_o the_o king_n of_o france_n his_o commission_n in_o the_o english_a sea_n the_o old_a record_n from_o whence_o this_o be_v take_v be_v set_v down_o entire_a by_o and_o by_o where_o you_o have_v more_o also_o that_o make_v to_o the_o same_o purpose_n and_o so_o much_o may_v serve_v to_o be_v speak_v touch_v the_o guard_n or_o government_n of_o the_o english_a sea_n as_o a_o part_n of_o the_o king_n territory_n or_o province_n and_o patrimony_n of_o the_o crown_n that_o in_o the_o dominion_n of_o those_o island_n lie_v before_o the_o shore_n of_o france_n which_o have_v ever_o be_v enjoy_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o sea_n wherein_o they_o be_v situate_a be_v derive_v from_o their_o predecessor_n chap._n xix_o that_o a_o possession_n and_o dominion_n of_o this_o southern_a sea_n have_v be_v hold_v also_o of_o old_a by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v not_o a_o little_a manifest_a by_o the_o dominion_n of_o