Offerings and obtayned diuers Immunities of the Emperour and Pope After his returne he inuaded the Scots and ouercame King Malcolme with two other Kings He going from Rome to Denmarke sent a Letter to his English subjects thus beginning Canutus Rex totius Angliae Danemerciae Norreganorum partis Suanorum Aethelnotho Metropolitanâ— Alfrico Eboracensi Archiepiscopo omnibusque Episcopis Primatibus toti Anglorum genti tam nobilibuâ— quam plebeijs salutem Notifico vobis me nouiter iuisse Romam oratum pro redemptioâ—e peccaminum meorum pro salute Regnorum quique meo subiacent regimini populorum Hanc quidem profectionem Deo iam olim deuoueram sed pro negotijs Regni causis impedientibus huc vsque perficere non potui Nunc autem ipsi Deo meo Omnipotenti valdè humiliter gratias ago qui mihi concessit in vita mea Sanctos Apostolos suos Petrum Paulum omne Sanctuarium quod iuxta vrbem Romam aut extra addiscere potui expetere secundum desiderium meum presentialiter venerari adorare Ob id ergo maximè hoc patrauâ— quia à sapientibus didici sanctum Petrum Apostolum magnam potestatem à Domino accepisse ligandi atque soluendi clauigerumque esse Regni Celestis ideo speciale eius patrocinium apud Dominum diligenter expetere valdè vtile duxi c. HONDIVS his Map of Denmarke DANIAE REGNUÌ„ Canutus before his death set his Sonne Suanus in possession of Norway and Hardecanutus his Sonne ouer the Danes Harald and Hardecanutus diuided England betwixt them after his death Anno 1035. and Harald dying Anno 1040. that quarrell was ended and soone after by the others death the Danish Empire in England the small space of King Edward interceding that and another Conquest of the Normans descended also of like Northerne namely of Norwegian Originall Canutus his Daughter Cunilda was married to Henry the Emperour and being accused of Adultery against a Giantly Champion appeared in her defence a childish English Dwarffe which serued her who slue the Giant and presented his head to the Ladie who thereupon diuorced herselfe and became a Nunne Suâ—nâ— King of Norway after fiue yeeres deceased and Canutus his ill-gotten English and Norwegian wings were quickly not only pulled but cut off The English had occasion of further inuasion to and from Norway For Suanus decessing the Norwegians chose Magnus the Sonne of Saint Olaue for their King which when Hardecanutus vnderstood as the Danish Storie set forth by Erpold Lindâ—nbruch testifieth hee inuaded Norway with his English and Danish forces where he and Magnus came to composition that the Suruiuour should enjoy both Kingdomes When Hardâ—canuâ—â— was dead Suâ—â—â— the Sonne of Estrid his Sister succeeded and Magnus King of Norway fought with Suâ—â—â— to obtayne his couenanted Kingdome of Denmarke and ouercame him Suâ—â—â— fled into Sweden and there abode till the death of Magnus after which he recouered his Danish Scepter Floreâ—tius writeth that Suanus sent to King Edward the Confessor intreating his side with a Nauie against Mâ—gnus Earle Godwine counselled to send fiftie ships but Earle Leofrike and the people refused and Magnus with a great Nauie fought with Suâ—â—us and expelled him his Kingdome which hee after recouered Harald Haruager the Sonne of Siâ—ard King of Norâ—ay and Brother by the Mothers side to Saint Olaue obtayned Norway after his Nephew Magnus and sent an Embassage to King Edward whereby Peace and Amitie was concluded betwixt both the Kings He after King Edwards death inuaded England with a great Nauie of three hundred ships and discomfited the Earles Edwine and Mâ—rcar neere Yorke but fiue dayes after Harold then King Sonne of Earle Godwin slue his Brother Tosti and Haruagre at Stamford Bridge permitting his Sonne Olaue to returne vpon conditions to Norway But whiles he conuerted the spoyle to his owne proper vse he gaue such disgust to the English that a few dayes after in the battayle with William Earle of Normandie they were lesse zealous of his cause where a new Norman period beganne those Northerne quarrels hauing had no other end but this succession I shall not need to adde what followed the Norman Acts in Italie Palestina and other places I haue handled else-where little occurring of Mars but Mercurie of which I haue by me Letters from King Henry the Third the first yeere of his Reigne to 〈◊〉 or Haquâ—n then King of Norway for mutuall Trafficke betwixt both their subjects It is remarkable that the Northerne humour of spoile slaughter and bloud continued whiles they were Pagans and expired in manner with their Paganisme both in Norwegians and Danes as if God would first by them punish the vices of those times and withall conquer the Conquerours with the Religion of the conquered and by so strange a way bring the Northerne World by this way of destroying to saluation Since that time the State of Norway Island and other parts hath decayed in numbers of shipping courage of men and other meanes of Earthly greatnesse Somewhat yet for History and an Historians sake I will adde of Matthâ—â—â—ariâ— an Englishman his Voyage to Norway In the yeere 1247. Matthew Paris recordeth that on the day of Saint Olaue a famous Saint in the Regions and Ilands of Norway Haâ—on was crowned King and solemnely anointed at Berga by the Bishop of Sabine then Legate from the Pope in those parts For the honour whereof the said King gaue the Pope 15000. Markes sterling besides inualuable Gifts which the Legate himselfe had and fiue hundred Markes by him extorted saith our Author from the Church of that Kingdome The King also receiuing the Crosse for the Holy Land Expedition obtayned of the Pope the third part of the Ecclesiasticall Reuenues of that Kingdome towards his charges Which Lewis the French King knowing writ in friendly termes to Hacon to beare him company in the said Expedition offering him full power in regard of his Sea-skill ouer his Nauie and ouer the French Army This Letter was carried by our Authour Matthew Paris to whom King Hacon answered that he gaue great thankes to that deuour King but knew in part the nature of the French as saith the Poet 〈…〉 and I say Omnisque superbus Impatiâ—us consâ—rtis erit My people is impeâ—uous indiscreet and impatient of wrongs which might occasion irreparable damage and therefore it is fitter for each to goe by himselfe But I haue written to the King for quiet passage thorow his Countrey and prouisions as need required The Kings Answere thereto and Letterâ— Patents were also deliuered to him by this our Author in this forme Ludonicus Dei gratia Francorum Rex vniuersi 〈◊〉 fidâ—libus 〈◊〉 Balliâ—is Maioâ—ibus Praepositis ad quos praesâ—ntes literâ— pâ—ruanerint salutem Cum clarissimus noster Illustris Hacon Rex Norwegiae in subsidium Tâ—rrae sancta transfretare proponat sicut nobis
per suas literas intimaâ—it vobis mandamus quatenus si cundem Regem vel ipsius Nauigium per mare coâ—tiguum terrae nostra tranâ—irâ— contingat vel in Terram nostram vel in feâ—da nostra alicubi applicarâ— ipsum suos benignè honorificè recipiatis permittentes eosdem in terra nostra a victualia 〈◊〉 sibi pâ—r forum legitimum de sibi necessarijs prouidere Actum apud Sanctum Germanum in Laia A. D. 1248. When the King of Norway had read this for hee is a discreet and modest and well learned man hee reioyced much and was gratefull to the bearer respecting him with Royall and bountifull gifts Thus writeth Matthew Paris of himselfe and his employment The cause of his going into Norway he further relateth that King Cnuto or Canutus hauing founded a famous Monastery of Saint Bennet of Holm in Norway of which title and order hee had founded another in England it happened that the said Abbie with the appurtenances was almost ruined by an impious Abbat who forsaking his Order and stealing away priuily the Seale of the Chapiter either sold or by forged writings fraudulently engaged almost all the possessions thereof wherein hee had the Sacrist the keeper of the Seale his copartner both in this fugitiue apostacie and treacherie Heereupon the Archbishop of Nidrosia in whose Diocesse the said Abbie was situate seised the same and the appurtenances into his hands alledging that the Monkes had only the habite but were altogether ignorant of Monastike order and Saint Bennets rule some of them also theeues and fugitiues The Monkes appealed to the Pope which caused the Archbishop to suspend his proceedings and the Prior recouering somewhat and gathering together a summe of money went to the Roman Court where the Abbat had beene a little before and intangled by writings the said house in fiue hundred markes which caused the Prior to returne frustrate and full of griefe But in his way hearing that the said Abbat was dead in the Abby of Saint Alban in Selio in Norway he and the Couent made choice of an Abbat and this Prior with another Monke and three hundred markes in mony together with the Kings letter being sent to Matthew Paris to take paines for their freedome it was procured happily that the temporalties of the said house were freed from the Caursines the Popes Vsurers then residing at London within one yeeres space But their Spiritualities were much maimed they by bribes purchasing delayes lest the Archbishop should take possession of the Iland which wholly belonged to the Abby and of it also expelling the Monkes Now the Cardinall Bishop of Sabine then comming Legate into Norway the Monkes sought to him for succour and hee counselled them to go and petition the Pope to prouide them of an Instructor and Reformer and he would write in their behalfe The Abbat therefore and Prior went with Letters from the King and Legate to the Pope who gaue them leaue to chuse any man of whatsoeuer Region or Monasterie to be their Instructer They answered the next day that all the World had not Monkes of that Order liuing in more composed order then England nor England any comparable by report to Saint Albans of which House they desired Matthew to be their Reformer of whose wisdome and faithfulnes they had had experience a man also almost familiar and friendly to their King and able by his meanes to order the rebellious and vnruly Hereupon the Pope gaue them this Briefe to the Abbat of Saint Albans Innocentius c. Dilecto Filio Abbati Sancti Albani in Anglia Ordinis S. Benedicti c. Cum sicut ex parte dilecti filij Abbatis Monasterij de Holâ—s Ordinis S. Benedicti Nistorsiensis Diocesis fuit propositum coram nobis idem Monasterium propter Pradecessorum suorum negligentiam sit in his quae ad Monasticum Ordinem pertinent deformatum nec inueniator in illis partibus aliquis qui statuta obseruantias eiusdem Ordinis bene sciat Nos ad supplicationem eiusdem Abbatis discretionem tuam rogamus attentius hortamur per Apostolica tibi scripta mandantes quatenus dilectum filium Fratrem Mattheum Monachum tuum qui dicitur probeta vitae ac religionis expertae ad idem Monasterium vt dictum Abbatem Monachos suos in regularibus disciplinis statutis quae ad eundem ordinem pertinent informet instruat transmittere pro diuina Apostolicae sedis ac nostra reuerentia non postponas Datum Lugduni c. Hereto the Abbat obeying and Matthew to his Abbat the businesse luckily succeeded and Monkerie both in that of Holâ—s and other Norwegian Monasteries was reformed I might here shew the great stirres which in the first Ages after the Conquest the Norwegians haue caused in Ireland Wales Man Anglesey the Hebrides and Orcades as also of Harald whom the Conquerour slue his two sonnes and daughter fleeing to Sueno King of Denmarke who gaue the daughter in Marriage to Ieruslaus or Waldemarus King of Russia and of Nicolas de Lynna a Franciscan Frier and Mathematician of Oxford before mentioned of whom Iacobus Cuoyen saith in his Iournall that he learned of a Priest who had descended of those which King Arthur had left to people the Ilands of Norway Anno 1364. that in the yeere 1360. the said Frier had comne into those Ilands and proceeding further by Art Magicke had described those Aâ—â—ike parts as the Map presents with foure Whirl-pooles or In-draughts Yea as Master Dee addeth at the Northerne Ilands the Record whereof at his returne he gaue to the King of England the Booke being called Inuentio fortunata or fortunae contayning a description from fiftie foure degrees to the Pole I might also adde out of Thâ—mas of Walsingham the Trauels of Henrie Earle of Darbie afterwards Henrie the Fourth King of England into Prussia and Lettow or Lithuania where by his helpe especially was taken Vilna the chiefe Citie Skâ—rgalle the King of Lettow hauing fled thither for refuge his Colours being first aduanced on the walls foure thousand slaine of which the King of Polands Brother and three thousand captiued Also I might adde the Voyage of Thomas of Woodstocke Duke of Glocester sonne to King Edward the Third along the Coasts of Denmarke Norway and Scotland Other Letters likewise of King Edward the Second to Haquin or Hacon King of Norway in behalfe of English Merchants there arrested with Entercourses betwixt the English and the Dutch Knights in Liefland But hauing only briefe mentions of these and them or the most of them recorded by Master Hakluyts industrie before I doe here but Index-wise referre the Reader thither I rather choose to giue new things and rare and such may seeme these Notes which Anno 1605. I writ from the mouth of Master George Barkeley HONDIVS his Map of the Arctike Pole or Northerne World POLUS ARCTICUS cum vicinis regionibus CHAP.
hee gaue the command of his Guard consisting of strangers to Captayne Gilbert a Scot to haue made one Buchenskoy a Learned and Religious Protestant his Secretarie and otherwise to haue beene so alienated from Russian manners and so well affected to Strangers that they conspired as aforesaid The people are said to haue entred the Castle which was a quadrant hauing a high bricke wall of seuen stories and another of stone and a Market place with stones in their pockets which are rare thereabouts and some with weapons Some report from Captayne Gilberts Relation that lying on his bed not long before his death as hee thought awake an aged man came to him which sight caused him to arise and come to Captayne Gilbert and his guard that watched but none of them had seene any thing Hereupon he returned to his Bed but within an houre after he againe troubled with like apparition called and sent for Buchinskie telling him that he had now twice seene an aged man who at the second comming told him that though for his owne person he was a good Prince yet the injustice and oppressions of his inferiour Ministers must bee punished and his Empire should bee taken from him In this perplexitie his Secretarie gaue him good and holy counsell saying till true Religion were there planted his Officers would bee lewd the people oppressed and God Almightie offended who perhaps by that Dreame or Vision had admonished him of his dutie The Emperour seemed much moued and to intend that good which that Countrey was not so happy to receiue For a few dayes after as that Relation auerreth his Russe Secretarie came to him with a Sword at which the Emperour jested and hee suddenly after sawcie speeches assaulted him with many other Grandes of that Conspiracie and like another Caesar slue him crying Libertie before his guards could apprehend the danger of which some were slaine but the most with Gilbert their Captayne got to a place called Coluga which with the helpe of some Russes they fortified and held for their defence Buchinskie the Secretarie was taken and imprisoned the strangers murthered the English except who haue in all changes been well beloued of the Russians as indeed they deserue hauing alway done good seruice to the Emperours And their interest saued the life of that worthy man Buchinskey which they requited with much obseruance to the succeeding Emperour Suiskey who comes next to be spoken of and first you shall haue his Letter to our Gracious Souereigne §. IIII. SVISKEY the Successour his Letter to our King describing the former DEMETRIVS his Acts and Tragedie The Copie of the Translation of a Letter sent from the new Emperour Vassily Euanowich Shoskey to the Kings Maiestie by Master Iohn Mericke The loue and mercie of God that guideth vs in the wayes of peace we glorifie with the Trinitie FRom the great Lord Emperour and great Duke Vassily Euanowich of all Russia sole Commander of Voladomer Mosko Nouogrod King of Cazan and Astracan of Syberia Lord of Vobsko and great Duke of Smolensko Twerskoy Yauharskoy Pearmskoy Vatskoy Bollharskoy and of other Lord and great Duke of Nouogroda of the Low Countrey of Cherneego Rezanskoy Polotskoy Rostouskoy Yereslaueskoy Bealozerskoy Leeflanskoy Owdorskoy Obdorskoy Condinskoy and Commander of all the North parts also Lord of the Land of Eeuerskoy Cartalinskoy and ouer the Empire of the Gorgians of the Land of Cabardinskoy and Eeharskoy Land likewise of many other Lordships Lord and Commander To our beloued Brother Iames King of England Scotland France and Ireland Wee giue to vnderstand that Sigismund King of Poland and great Duke of Letto in Anno 7109. did send vnto the late Emperour Boris his Embassadour named Lewis Sapeago being Chancelor of the great Dukedome of Poland requesting the said Emperour Boris that the former league and peace made and concluded vpon by the great Lord Emperour and great Duke Theodore Euanowich of all Russia and him Sigismond King of Poland might be stedfastly holden and continued till the time of that league were expired As also that the Emperour Boris would inlarge the said league for thirtie yeeres more whereupon the Emperour Boris yeelded thus farre vnto the request of the King of Poland that hee would continue the old league till the full time were expired and assent to a new league for twentie yeeres more and to that effect he tooke an Oath to hold and keepe all the contents faithfully mentioned in the said Writing touching the same league and instead of the King of Poland his Embassadour Lewis Sapeagoe was sworne in the presence of the Emperour Boris And after the Polish Embassadour was departed from the Mosko the Emperour Boris sent vnto Sigismund King of Poland his Embassadour being one of the Priuie Councell called Michailo Zleabowich Sallteecoue with some others to end and finish the aforesaid league to the which league the King of Poland himselfe was sworne in the presence of the Emperours Embassadour to hold and keepe the said league faithfully according to the tenour of their Writing But not long after Sigismund King of Poland with one Pauarade entred into such a practise as be therein falsified his Oath and made way to the shedding of much Christian bloud First by retayning and vpholding one Gryshca Otreapyoue a Runnagate a Coniurer and one that left his profession being a Monke and ran away out of Russia into Poland and being come thither tooke vpon him to be the Son of the great Emperour Euan Vassilawich of famous memorie and by name Demetry Euanowich when as it was well knowne in our Kingdome that before he was shorne a Monke he was commonly called Yowshco Son to one Bowghdan Otreapyoue dwelling at a place called Galitts and when hee had committed much villanie to saue his life he shoare himselfe a Frier and so runne from one Monasterie to another and lastly came into a Monasterie called Chowdo where hee was made one of the Clearkes being so placed there by the Patriarke of Mosko himselfe But he did not leaue off his former life for he continued still in his most Deuillish actions as he did before he was shorne committing villany forsaking God and falling to the studie of the Blacke Arte and to many such like euils he was inclined Also there was found by him a Writing which shewed how he was falne from God and the same was made well knowne to the holy Patriarch of Mosko and of all Russia and to the Metropolitanes Archbishops and Bishops and to all the holy Cleargie whereupon the said Rulers of our true Christian Faith which is from the Grecian Law for these his most vngodly works consulted to send him to perpetuall Prison there to end his life Whereupon this notorious Instrument of Satan perceiuing this his ouerthrow and that his vile practises were discouered ran away out of the Kingdome of Mosko beyond the borders and into Letto to a place
King some thing of no great value our King would haue sent him many precious things and dismissed you his Ambassadours honourably and haue sent his Ambassadours with you but now hee only endeth his Letter to your Emperour The Citie of Catay where the King dwelleth is built vpon an euen plaine ground and is incompassed round about with a Riuer called Yoâ—ga which falleth into the blacke Sea which is from the Citie Catay seuen dayes trauell so that there come no ships neerer the Citie Catay then seuen dayes trauell off but all things are transported in small Vessels and ship-boats The Merchandizes the King doth send into all parts of his Dominions of Catay and from thence are carried ouer the borders into the Land of Mugalla to the King Altine to the blacke Kollmakes to the Iron King into Boghar and other Dominions their Patriarkes and Friers trauell with the Commodities as Veluets Sattens Damaskes Siluer Leopard Skinnes Turkesses and blacke Zenders for which they buy Horses and bring them into Catay for in Catay are but few horses only Mules and Asses and Cloth they haue none their Horses and Siluer goeth into strange Countreyes or as they say Nemâ—sij the Siluer is made in Brickes which they call Kritsij valued each Kritsij at fiftie two Rubles their Apparell they weare with long broad hanging sleeues like the Gentlewomens Summer-coats or Lettiâ—ks in Russia the people are very faire but not warlike timorous most their endeuour is in great and rich traffick They told vs that not long before our comming the people of Mugalla had taken two Castles from them by deceit also they told vs that their King hath a stone which lighteth as the Sunne both day and night called in their Language Sarra and in our Tongue Iachaâ—t or Rubie another stone they say hee hath which driueth away water from it it is also called a Rubie There come to them Strangers or Nemtsij euery yeere with all manner of Merchandizes and barter for Deere Skinnes and Loshids Sables Beuers Veluets Taffataes and Zendews or Calico these strangers they say come to them out of the blacke Sea from the East and the South also they say there is a Riuer called Kartalla which falleth into the great Riuer Ob but they know neyther the head nor the fall of it they imagine it commeth out of the blacke Sea and falleth into it againe vpon this Riuer dwell many people with walking Herds For a triple testimony of Sir Iohn Merikes honourable courtesie I haue added this succeeding Patent which howsoeuer in some things it concurre with the former of Boris and Demetrius Yet those being obscurely translated or written this may illustrate them and it also presenteth both larger Priuiledges the Partriarkes name ioyned with the Emperours and the Golden Seale WE the great Lord Emperour and great Duke Michaell Pheodorowich of all Russia sole Commander of Volodemer Mosco and Nouogrod Emperour of Cazan Emperour of Astracan Emperour of Siberia Lord of Plesco and great Duke of Sâ—olensky Twensky Vgorsky Psermesky Vatsky Bolgorsky and others Lord and great Duke of Nouogrod in the lower Countreyes Cheringosky Rahansky Rostouskey Yaraslausky Belozersky Vdorskey Obdorsky Condinsky and of all the Northerne parts Commander and Lord ouer the Country of Iuersky and Caberdynland Cherkaskey and of the Dukedomes of Igorskey and of many other Kingdomes Lord and Conquerour Together with the great Lord Philleret Neketich the holy Patriarke and Head of the Reuerend Clergie of the Imperiall Citie of Mosco and of all Russia by the flesh our naturall Father and by the power of the Holy Ghost our Spirituall Pastâ—r and Ghostly Father Whereas there was sent vnto vs the great Lord Emperour and great Duke Michaell Pheodorowich of all Russia and to our Father the great Lord the holy Patriarke of Mosco and of all Russia From our louing Brother Iames by the grace of God King of England Scotland France and Ireland and of many others his Maiesties Ambassadour Sir Iohn Merike Knight and Gentleman of his Maiesties Priuie Chamber vpon both our Princely Affaires The said Sir Iohn Merike in the name of our said louing Brother King Iames requested our Imperiall Maiestie and our Father the great Lord the holy Patriarke to bee pleased graciously to fauour the English Merchants to grant them leaue to come with their shippes vnto our Port and Hanâ—ns of Archangell with all kind of Commoditieâ— and freely to traffique from the Sea side to our Imperiall Citie of Mosco and to our Patrimoniâ— of great Nouogrod and Plesco and vnto all other our Cities Townes and Countreyes of our Empire with all sorts of Commodities without paying of Custome in as ample manner as formerly hath beene granted to the English Merchants and that our Imperiall Maiestie together with our deere Father the holy Patriarke would be pleased to grant a new our gracious Priuiledges vnder our Princely Seale accordingly as our Predecessors Emperours and great Dukes of all Russia haue heretofore granted vnto them We therefore the great Lord Emperour and great Duke Michaell Pheodorowich of all Russia sole Commander together with our deere Father the holy Patriarke of Mosco and of all Russia for the loue we beare to our most louing Brother the great Lord King Iames with whom wee are willing and desirous euer to remayne in the strongest bonds of brotherly loue and friendship haue graciously granted to his Kingly Maiesties Subiects the English Merchants Sir Thomas Smith Knight Sir Iohn Merike Knight Sir Richard Smith Knight Sir William Russell Knight Sir George Bowles Knight Hugh Hamersley Alderman Ralph Freeman Richard Wytch Morris Abbot Robert Bateman William Stone Rowland Healing Iob Hanby Richard Ironside Edward Iames Iohn Caslen Beniamin Deicrow Fabyan Smith and their fellowes free leaue to come with their shippes into our Kingdomes into our Countreyes of Dweena vnto the Port of Archangell and from thence to our Imperiall Citie of Mosco and of Nouogrod the Great and vnto Plesco and into all other the Cities of our Empire to trade and traffique with all kind of Merchandizes free of all Customes as well the great Customes as Tole vnlading of Vessels or Boats passages through any place by water or Land entries Head-money Bridge-money Ferryings or any manner of Customes or Duties whatsoeuer can bee named The English Merchants being thus licensed to trade in our Kingdomes free of all customes for their owne commodities shall neither colour nor sell strangers wares as their owne neither shall our people sell for them any of their goods nor yet shall they keepe any of our people vnder their protection and into what Cities the English Merchants themselues or their Factors or Seruants shall come with their goods it shall be lawfull for them freely to trafficke and sell their owne commodities in barter or otherwise against Commodities of our Countrey And whensoeuer the said Merchants shall come into our Patrimony of great Nouogrod and Plesco or into any other the Cities of our
afterwards deliuered to the generall Assembly of the said Companie at a Court holden the 25. of Iune 1611. Published by authority of the said Counsell pag. 176â— CHAP. IX A Letter of Sir Samuell Argoll touching his Voyage to Virginia and Actions there Written to Master Nicholas Hawes Iune 1613. H. p. 1764. CHAP. X. Notes of Virginian Affaires in the gouernment of Sir Thomas Dale and of Sir Thomas Gates till Ann. 1614. taken out of Master Ralph Hamor Secretarie to the Colonie his Booke pag. 1766. CHAP. XI A Letter of Sir Thomas Dale and another of Master Whitakers from Iames Towne in Virginia Iune 18. 1614. And a peece of a Tractate written by the said Master Whitakers from Virginia the yeere before pag. 1768. To the R. and my most esteemed friend M. D.M. at his house at F. Ch. in London ibid. Part of a Tractate written at Henrico in Virginia by M. Alexander Whitaker Minister to the Colonie there which then gouerned by Sir Thomas Dale 1613. pag. 1771. CHAP. XII Of the Lotterie Sir Thomas Dales returne the Spaniards in Virginia Of Pocahuntas and Tomocomo Captaine Yerdley and Captaine Argoll both since Knighted their Gouernment the Lord La Warres Death and other occurrents till Anno 1619. pag. 1773. CHAP. XIII The estate of the Colonie Anno 1620. and Master Dermers Letter to me from Virginia touching his Voyage for the South Sea pag. 1775. A Note of the Shipping Men and Prouisions sent to Virginia by the Treasurer and Companie in the yeere 1619. pag. 1776. CHAP. XIIII A true Relation of a Sea-fight betweene two great and well appointed Spanish Ships or Men of Warre and an English ship called the Margaret and Iohn or the Black Hodge going for Virginia pag. 1780 CHAP. XV. Virginian affaires since the yeere 1620. till this present 1624. pag. 1783. § 1. A Note of the shipping Men and prouisions sent and prouided for Virginia by the Right Honourable Henry Earle of South-hampton and the Companie and other priuate Aduenturers in the yeere 1621. c. With other Occurrents then published by the Companie ibid. Ships and People ibid. And for the benefit of the Plantations these things following haue beene here done this yeere ibid. Other Occurrents of note ibid. Gifts pag. 1784. § 2. Newes from Virginia in Letters sent thence 1621. partly published by the Company partly transcribed from the Originals with Letters of his Maiestie and of the Companie touching Silke-workes pag. 1787. His Maiesties gracious Letter to the Earle of South-hampton Tresurer and to the Counsell and Companie of Virginia here commanding the present setting vp of Silke-workes and planting of Vines in Virginia pag. 1787. § 3. The barbarous Massacre committed by the Sauages on the English Planters March the two and twentieth 1621. after the English accompt pag. 1788. § 4. A Note of prouisions necessarie for euery Planter or personall Aduenturer to Virginia and accidents since the Massacre pag. 1719. CHAP. XVI English Voyages to the Summer Ilands Henry Mays Shipwracke there 1593. The first Colony sent 1612. pag. 1793. A Copie of the Articles which Master R. More Gouernour Deputie of the Summer Ilands propounded to the Company that were there with him to be subscribed vnto which both hee and they subscribed the second of August in his House Anno 1612. which about the same time hee sent into England to the Worshipfull Companie of the Aduenturours pag. 1795. CHAP. XVII Relations of Summer Ilands taken out of Master Richard Norwood his Map and Notes added thereto printed 1622. The Historie of the Creatures growing or liuing therein being inlarged out of Captaine Smiths written Relations pag. 1796. CHAP. XVIII Extracts out of Captaine Iohn Smiths Historie of Bermudas or Summer Ilands touching the English acts and occurrents there from the beginning of the Plantation pag. 1801. CHAP. XIX Briefe intelligence from Virginia by Letters a supplement of French-Virginian occurrants and their supplantation by Sir Samuel Argal in right of the English plantation pag. 1â—05 CHAP. XX. Virginias Verger or a discourse shewing the benefits which may grow to this Kingdome from American-English Plantations and specially those of Virginia and Summer Ilands p. 1809. The Contents of the Chapters and Paragraphs in the tenth Booke of the Second part of Purchas his PILGRIMS CHAP. I. A Briefe Relation of the discouerie and plantation of New England and of sundrie accidents therein occurring from the yeer of our Lord 1607. to this present 1622. published by the President and Councell and dedicated to the Princes Highnesse here abbreuiated p. 1827. CHAP. II. The voyage of Master Henrie Challons intended for the North plantation of Virginia 1606. taken by the way and ill vsed by Spaniards written by Iohn Stoneman Pilot. H. pag. 1832. CHAP. III. Extracts of a Booke of Captaine Iohn Smith printed 1622. called New Englands trialls and continuing the storie thereof with Motiues to the businesse of fishing there pag. 1837. An Abstract of Letters sent from the Colonie in New England Iuly sixteene 1622. p. 1840. CHAP. IIII. A Relation or Iournall of a plantation setled at Plimoth in New England and proceedings therof printed 1622. and here abbreuiated p. 1842. CHAP. V. Good newes from New England or a relation of things remarkable in that Plantation written by E. Winslow and here abbreuaited pag. 1853. CHAP. VI. Noua Scotia The Kings Paâ—ent to Sir William Alexander Knight for the plantation of New Scotland in America and his proceedings therein with a description of Mawooshen for better knowledge of those parts pag. 1871. The description of the Country of Mawooshen discouered by the English in the yeere 1602.3 5 6 7 8 and 9. H. pag. 1873. CHAP. VII The beginning of the Patent for New-found-land and the plantation there made by the English 1610. deliuered in a Letter dated thence from M. Guy to M. Slany Also of the weather the three first winters and of Captaine Weston with other remarkable occurrents H. pag. 1876. Master Iohn Guy his Letter to Master Slany Treasurer and to the Counsell of the New-found-land plantation pag. 1877. To Master Iohn Slany Treasurer and others of the Councell and Companie of the New-found-land plantation the 29. of Iuly 1612. pag. 1879. CHAP. VIII Captaine Richard Whitbournes voyages to New-found-land and obseruations there and thereof taken out of his printed booke p. 1882. A Relation of New-found-land pag. 1884. CHAP. IX The names of diuers honourable persons and others who haâ—e vndertaken to helpe to aduance his Maiesties plantation in the New-found-land written by the said R. W. with extracts of certaine Letters written from thence pag. 1888. The second Part of the tenth Booke CHAP. X. DIuers warlike Fleets set forth to Seâ— against the Spaniards by our English Debora Queene Elizabeth of glorious memorie Her manifold deliueries and victories pag. 1891. CHAP. XI The Popes Bull the King of Spaines preparations the Duke of Medinas Expedition the Duke of Parmas Forces for the inuasion of England diuers Sea fights twixt
speedily to succour and defend the faithfull For we know for certayne that about the Octaues of Easter the Tartarian Nation will inuade cruelly and forcibly the Lands of the Bohemians and if not preuented will there perpetrate vnheard-of slaughter And because our next neighbours house is now on fire and the next Countrey â—ieth open to waste and some are alreadie wasted we earnestly and pitifully entreat the ayde and counsell of God and of our neighbour-brethren for the vniuersall Church And because delay is full of danger with all our hearts we beseech you that you make all possible speed to arme as well for your as our deliuerance making strong preparations of store of Souldiers diligently exciting the noble mightie and couragious with the people subiect to them that yee may haue them in readinesse when we shall next direct our Messengers to you And we by the ministerie of our Prelates Preachers and Minors cause the Crosse because the businesse belongs to him which was crucified to be generally preached fastâ— and prayers to be appointed and our Lands in common to be called to the warre of Iesus Christ. Hereto wee adde that a great part of that detestable Nation with an other Armie adioyned to them wasteth Hungaria with vnheard-of tyrannie insomuch that the King is said to haue retayned but a small part to himselfe And to speake much in few words the Church and People of the North is so oppressed and brought to such Straits as it neuer was so scourged since the World began Dated the yeere of grace 1241. on the day on which is sung Laetare Ierusalem And this was the Letters sent to the Bishop of Paris by the Duke of Brabant The like was written by the Arch-bishop of Cullen to the King of England Therefore for this grieuous tribulation and for the discord betwixt the Pope and the Emperour so hurtfull to the Church there are appointed fasts and prayers with larger Almes in diuers Regions that our Lord being pacified with his people who as a magnificent triumpher is as strong in a few as in many may destroy the pride of the Tartars The French Kings mother Queene Blanch with deepe sighs and plentifull teares spake hereof to her sonne What shall we doe my dearest sonne about this lamentable euent the terrible rumour whereof is comne to our Confines generall destruction of vs all and of holy Church hangs ouer our times by the impetuous inuasion of the Tartars The King with mournfull voice not without the Spirit of God answered The heauenly comfort Mother exalt vs and if they come on vs either we shall send againe those Tartarians to their Tartarean places whence they came or they shall exalt vs to Heauen THe Emperour certified hereof wrote to the Princes and especially to the King of England in this forme Frederike Emperour c. to the King of England greeting Wee cannot conceale though it somwhat lately came to our eares but giue you notice of a thing which concerneth the Roman Empire as prepared to the preaching of the Gospell all zealous Christian Kingdomâ— in the World threatning generall destruction to all Christendom A barbarous Nation hath lately come from the Southerne Region which had long layne hid vnder the torrid Zone and after towards the North by force possessing Regions long remayning is multiplied as the Canker worme called Tartars wee know not of what place or originall not without the fore-seene iudgement of God is reserued to these last times to the correction and chastisement of his people God grant not losse of all Christendom A publike destruction hath therefore followed the common desolation of Kingdomes and spoile of the fertile Land which that wicked people hath passed thorow not sparing sexe age or dignitie hoping to extinguish the rest of mankind whiles it alone goeth about to domineere and reigne euery where by their immense and incomparable power and number Now all things which they haue beene able to set eye on being put to death and spoyle leauing vniuersall desolation behind them these Tartarians yea Tartareans when they had come to the well peopled Colonie of the Cumani prodigall of their liues hauing Bowes their most familiar Armes with Darts and Arrowes which they continually vse and are stronger in the armes then other men they vtterly ouerthrew them and with bloudy sword killed all which escaped not by flight Whose neighbourhood scarcely warned the Rutheni not farre distant to take heed to themselues For they suddenly flie thither to prey and spoile as the wrath of God and lightning hurles it selfe and by their sudden assault and barbarous inuasion take Cleua the chiefe Citie of the Kingdome and all that noble Kingdome was wasted to desolation the Inhabitants being slayne Which yet the neighbouring Kingdome of the Hungarians who should haue taken warning neglected whose sluggish King too secure being required by the Tartars messengers and letters that if he desired that he and his should liue he should hasten their fauour by yeelding himselfe and his Kingdom yet was not hereby terrified and taught to fortify against their irruptions but they ignorant or insolent contemners of their enemies secure in their enemies approach trusting in the natiue fortification of the place vnexpectedly compassed and oppressed at vnawares by them entring like a whirlewind opposed their Tents against them And when the Tartars Tents were fiue miles from the Hungarian the Tartarian fore-runners in the dawning of the morning rushed suddenly and compassed the Hungarians and first slaying the Prelates and chiefe men killed an infinite number with such vnheard-of slaughter as scarcely is recorded euer to haue hapned in one battell The King hardly escaped by flight on a swift Horse which fled with a small companie to the brotherly portion of the Hyllirian Kingdome there to be protected the Enemie possessing the Tents and spoyles And now wasting the nobler and greater part of Hungarie beyond Danubius consuming all with fire and sword they threaten to confâ—und the rest as by the venerable Bishop Vâ—tienâ—is the Anbassadour of the said Hungarian King notâ—ce is giuen to our Court first as he passed being destined to the Roman Court Wee are also hereof fully certified by the Letters of our deare sonne Conrade elect King of Romans alway Augustus and heire of the Kingdome of Ierusalem and of the King of Bohemia the Dukes of Austria and Bauaria by the Messengers words also instructed experimentally of the Enemies neerenesse Nor could wee learne these things without great griefe Truly as the report goeth their vndetermined damnable Armie by our Lords sufferance hath proceeded diuided purposely in three parts For one being sent by the Pructeni and entring Poland the Prince and Duke of that Land were slayne by them and after that all the Region spoyled The second hath entred the bounds of Bohemia and being entred hath made stay the King manly opposing himselfe The third hath runne thorow Hungaria bounded by Austria
and that the secret Counsels and waylesse wayes of the Tartars were fraught with Imperiall Counsels For they conceale their Language varie their Armes and if one be taken knowledge of them or their purpose can by no tortures be extorted from him And where say they should they lurke in which of the Climats till this time whence their so secret and fraudulent Conspiracie They are Hircans and Scythians sauage bloud-suckers who with the confederate Cumani through the Emperours deuise haue ouerthrowne the King of Hungarie to make him seeke shelter vnder the Imperiâ—ll wings and doe him homage c. Needs must they goe whom the Deuill driues or how else but by mad malice and furious faction or an Antichristian mist could such impossibilities haue beene conceiued Of their driuing the Turkes and the Choerosmines out of Persia is else-where spoken Of the Popes entertainment of the Tartarian Messengers Anno 1248. close Conferences with them and gifts to them with diuers other discourses in the said author or Authors I omit Onely this Epistle following as containing both the strange aduentures of an Englishman and his relations of the Tartars from better experience I could not but adde heere making so much to the Readers purpose and ours It was written by one Yuo of Narbone a Clergie man which being accused of Heresie to Robert de Curzun the Popes Legat fled and liued one while with the Patarines another with the Beguines and at last writ this Letter containing a discourse of his trauels amongst them in Italie and Gâ—rmanie He begins Giraldo Dei gratia Burdegalensi Archiepiscopo Yuo dictus Narbonensis suorum olimâ—ouissimus Clericorum salutem c. and after some premisses of the Patarines and Beguines too long for this place hee proceeds Hoc igitur multis alijs peccatis inter nos Christianos emergentibâ—s iratus Dominus c. In English Our Lord therefore being angry with this and other sinnes falling out amongst vs Christians is become as it were a destroying enemie Part of an Epistle written by one YVO of Narbona vnto the Archbishop of Burdeaux containing the confession of an Englishman as touching the barbarous demeanour of the Tartars which had liued long among them and was drawne along perforce with them in their expedition against Hungarie Recorded by Matthew Paris in the yeare our Lord 1243. THe Lord therefore being prouoked to indignation by reason of this and other sinnes committed among vs Christians is become as it were a destroying enemy and a dreadfull auenger This I may iustly affirme to bee true because an huge Nation and a barbarous and inhumane people whose Law is lawlesse whose wrath is furious euen the rod of Gods anger ouerrunneth and vtterly wasteth infinitâ— Countries cruelly abolishing all things where they come with fire and sword And this present Summer the foresaid Nation being called Tartars departing out of Hungarie which they had surprised by treason layd siege vnto the very same Towne wherein I my selfe abode with many thousands of Souldiers neither were there in the said Towne on our part aboue Fifty men of warre whom together with twenty Corsse-bowes the Captaine had left in Garrison All these out of certaine high places beholding the enemies vaste Armie and abhorring the beastly cruelty of Antichrist his complices signified forthwith vnto their Gouernour the hideous lamentations of his Christian subiects who suddenly being surprised in all the Prouince adioyning without any difference or respect of condition Fortune sexe or age were by manifold cruelties all of them destroyed with whose carkesses the Tartarian chieftaines and their brutish and sauage followers glutting themselues as With delicious cates left nothing for vultures but the bare bones And a strange thing it is to consider that the greedy and rauenous vultures disdained to pray vpon any of the reliques which remained Old and deformed Women they gaue as it were for daylie sustenance vnto their Canibals the beautifull deuoured they not but smothered them lamenting and scritching with forced and vnnaturall rauishments Like barbarous miscreants they quelled Virgins vnto death and cutting off their tender paps to present for dainties vnto their Magistrates they engorged themselues with their Bodies Howbeit their spials in the meane time discrying from the top of an high mountaine the Duke of Austria the King of Bohemia the Patriarch of Aquileia the Duke of Carinthia and as some report the Earle of Baden with a mighty power and in battell aray approching towards them that accursed crew immediatly vanished and all those Tartarian Vagabonds retired themselues into the distressed and vanquished land of Hungarie who as they came suddenly so they departed also on the sudden which their celeritie caused all men to stand in horrour and astonishment of them But of the said fugitiues the Prince of Dalmatia tooke eight one of which number the Duke of Austria knew to bee an Englishman who was perpetually banished out of the Realme of England in regard of certaine notorious crimes by him commâ—tted This fellow on the behalfe of the most tyrannicall King of the Tartars had beene twise as a messenger and Interpreter with the King of Hungarie menacing and plainely foretelling those michiefes which afterward happened vnlesse he would submit himselfe and his Kingdome vnto the Tartars yoke Well being allured by our Princes to confesse the truth he made such oathes and protestations as I thinke the Deuill himselfe would haue beene trusted for First therefore hee reported of himselfe that presently after the time of his banishment namely about the thirtieth yeare of his age hauing lost all that he had in the Citie of Acon at Dice euen in the midst of Winter being compelled by ignominious hunger wearing nothing about him but a shirt of sacke a paire of shooes and a haire cap onely being shauen like a foole and vttering an vncoth noyse as if hee had beene dumbe he tooke his iourney and so trauelling many Countries and finding in diuers places friendly entertainment he prolonged his life in this manner for a season albeit euery day by rashnes of speech and inconstancy of heart hee endangered himselfe to the Deuill At length by reason of extreame trauaile and continuall change of ayre and of meates in Caldea hee fell into a grieuous sicknesse insomuch that he was weary of his life Not being able therefore to goe forward or backward and staying there a while to refresh himselfe hee began being somewhat learned to commend to writing those wordes which he heard spoken and within a short space so aptly to pronounce and to vtter them himselfe that he was reputed for a natiue member of that Countrie and by the same dexteritie he attained to manie Languages The man the Tartars hauing intelligence of by their spies drew him perforce into their societie and being admonished by an oracle or vision to challenge dominion ouer the whole earth they allured him by many rewards to their faithfull seruice by reason that they wanted Interpreters
Mare Caspium and on the North side there is a base Towne the which hath also a Bricke wall about it and so it ioyneth with the Castle wall The Emperour lieth in the Castle wherein are nine faire Churches and therein are Religious men Also there is a Metropolitan with diuers Bishops I will not stand in description of their buildings nor of the strength thereof because we haue better in all points in England They be well furnished with Ordnance of all sorts The Emperours or Dukes house neither in building nor in the outward shew nor yet within the house is so sumptuous as I haue seene It is very lowe built in eight square much like the old building of England with small windowes and so in other points Now to declare my comming before his Maiestie After I had remayned twelue dayes the Secretarie which hath the hearing of strangers did send for mee aduertising me that the Dukes pleasure was to haue me to come before his Maiestie with the King my Masters Letters whereof I was right glad and so I gaue mine attendance And when the Duke was in his place appointed the Interpreter came for mee into the outer Chamber where sate one hundred or moe Gentlemen all in cloth of Gold very sumptuous and from thence I came into the Counsell-chamber where sate the Duke himselfe with his Nobles which were a faire companie they sate round about the Chamber on high yet so that he himselfe sate much higher then any of his Nobles in a Chaire gilt and in a long garment of beaten Gold with an Imperiall Crowne vpon his head and a Staffe of Crystall and Gold in his right hand and his other hand halfe leâ—ning on his Chaire The Chancellour stood vp with the Secretarie before the Duke After my dutie done and my Letter deliuered he bade me welcome and enquired of mee the health of the King my Master and I answered that he was in good health at my departure from his Court and that my trust was that he was now in the same Vpon the which he bade me to dinner The Chancellor presented my Present vnto his Grace bare-headed for before they were all couered and when his Grace had receiued my Letter I was required to depart for I had charge not to speake to the Duke but when he spake to mee So I departed vnto the Secretaries Chamber where I remayned two houres and then I was sent for againe vnto another Palace which is called The golden Palace but I saw no cause why it should be so called for I haue seene many fairer then it in all points and so I came into the Hall which was small and not great as is the Kings Maiesties of England and the Table was couered with a Table-cloth and the Marshall sate at the end of the Table with a little white rod in his hand which Boord was full of vessell of Gold and on the other side of the Hall did stand a faire Cupboord of Plate From thence I came into the dining Chamber where the Duke himselfe sate at his Table without Cloth of estate in a Gowne of Siluer with a Crowne Imperiall vpon his head he sate in a Chaire somewhat high there sate none neere him by a great way There were long tables set round about the chamber which were full set with such as the Duke had at dinner they were all in white Also the places where the tables stood were higher by two steps then the rest of the house In the middest of the chamber stood a Table or Cupboord to set Plate on which stood full of Cups of Gold and amongst all the rest there stood foure maruellous great Pots or Crudences as they call them of Gold and Siluer I thinke they were a good yard and a halfe high By the Cupboard stood two Gentlemen with Napkins on their shoulders and in their hands each of them had a Cup of Gold set with Pearles and Precious Stones which were the Dukes owne drinking Cups when hee was disposed hee drunke them off at a draught And for his seruice at meate it came in without order yet it was very rich seruice for all were serued in Gold not onely be himselfe but also all the rest of vs and it was very massie the Cups also were of Gold and very massie The number that dined there that day was two hundred persons and all were serued in Golden Vessell The Gentlemen that wayted were all in Cloth of Gold and they serued him with their Caps on their heads Before the seruice came in the Duke sent to euery man a great shiuer of Bread and the Bearer called the party so sent to by his name aloude and said Iohn Basiliuich Emperour of Russia and great Duke of Moscouia doth reward thee with Bread then must all men stand vp and doe at all times when those words are spoken And then last of all hee giueth the Marshall Bread whereof he eateth before the Dukes Grace and so doth reuerence and departeth Then commeth the Dukes seruice of the Swans all in pieces and euery one in a seuerall dish the which the Duke sendeth as he did the Bread and the Bearer saith the same words as hee said before And as I said before the seruice of his meate is in no order but commeth in Dish by Dish and then after that the Duke sendeth drinke with the like saying as before is told Also before Dinner he changed his Crowne and in Dinner time two Crownes so that I saw three seuerall Crownes vpon his head in one day And thus when his seruice was all come in hee gaue to euery one of his Gentlemen Wayters meate with his owne hand and so likewise drinke His intent thereby is as I haue heard that euery man shall know perfectly his seruants Thus when Dinner is done hee calleth his Nobles before him name by name that it is wonder to heare how he could name them hauing so many as hee hath Thus when Dinner was done I departed to my Lodging which was an houre within night I will leaue this and speake no more of him nor his Houshold but I will somewhat declare of his Land and people with their nature and power in the Warres This Duke is Lord and Emperour of many Countries and his power is maruellous great For hee is able to bring into the field two or three hundred thousand men he neuer goeth into the field himselfe with vnder two hundred thousand men And when hee goeth himselfe hee furnisheth his Borders all with men of Warre which are no small number He leaueth on the Borders of Liefland fortie thousand men and vpon the borders of Letto sixtie thousand men and toward the Nagayan Tartars sixtie thousand which is wonder to heare of yet doth hee neuer take to his Warres neither Husbandman nor Merchant All his men are Horse-men hee vseth no Foot-men but such as goe with the Ordnance and Labourers which are thirtie
thousand The Horse-men are all Archers with such Bowes as the Turkes haue and they ride short as doe the Turkes Their Armour is a Coate of Plate with a skull on their heads Some of their Coates are couered with Veluet or Cloth of God their desire is to be sumptuous in the field and especially the Nobles and Gentlemen as I haue heard their trimming is very costly and partly I haue seene it or else I would scarcely haue beleeued it but the Duke himselfe is richly attyred aboue all measure his Pauilion is couered eyther with Cloth of Gold or Siluer and so set with stones that it is wonderfull to see it I haue seene the Kings Maiesties of England and the French Kings Pauilions which are faire yet not like vnto his And when they be sent into farre or strange Countries or that strangers come to them they be very gorgeous Else the Duke himselfe goeth but meanly in apparell and when hee goeth betwixt one place and another hee is but reasonably apparelled ouer other times In the while that I was in Mosco the Duke sent two Ambassadours to the King of Pâ—leland which had at the left fiue hundred Horses their sumptuousnesse was aboue measure not onely in themselues but also in their Horses as Veluet Cloth of Gold and Cloth of Siluer set with Pearles and not scant What shall I further say I neuer heard of nor saw men so sumptuous but it is no daily guize for when they haue not occasion as I said before all their doing is but meane And now to the effect of their Warres They are men without all order in the field For they run hurling on heaps and for the most part they neuer giue battayle to their Enemies but that which they do they do it all by stealth But I beleeue they be such men for hard liuing as are not vnder the Sunne for no cold will hurt them Yea and though they lye in the field two moneths at such time as it shall freeze more then a yard thicke the common Souldier hath neither Tent nor any thing else ouer his head the most defence they haue against the weather is a Felt which is set against the wind and weather and when Snow commeth he doth cast it off and maketh him a fire and layeth him downe thereby Thus doe the most of all his men except they be Gentlemen which haue other prouision of their owne Their lying in the field is not so strange as is their hardnesse for euery man must carrie and make prouision for himselfe and his Horse for a moneth or two which is very wonderfull For hee himselfe shall liue vpon water and Oate-meale mingled together cold and drinke water thereto his Horse shall eate greene wood and such like baggage and shall stand open in the cold field without couert and yet will hee labour and serue him right well I pray you amongst all our boasting Warriours how many should we find to endure the field with them but one moneth I know no such Region about vs that beareth that name for man and beast Now what might bee made of these men if they were trayned and broken to order and knowledge of Ciuill Warres if this Prince had within his Countries such men as could make them to vnderstand the things aforesaid I doe beleeue that two of the best or greatst Princes in Christendome were not well able to match with him considering the greatnesse of his power and the hardnesse of his people and straight liuing both of people and Horse and the small charges which his Wars stand him in for he giueth no wages except to strangers They haue a yearely stipend and not much As for his owne Countreymen euery one serueth of his owne proper costs and charges sauing that hee giueth to his Harquebusiers certayne allowance for Powder and shot or else no man in all his Countrey hath one penie wages But if any man hath done very good seruice he giueth him a Ferme or a piece of Land for the which he is bound at all times to be readie with so many men as the Duke shall appoint who considereth in his minde what that Land or Ferme is well able to find and so many shall he be bound to furnish at all and euery such time as Warres are holden in any of the Dukes Dominions For there is no man of liuing but he is bound likewise whether the Duke call for eyther Souldier or Labourer to furnish them with all such necessaries as to them belong Also if any Gentleman or man of liuing doe dye without Issue Male immediately after his death the Duke entreth his Land notwithstanding he haue neuer so many Daughters and peraduenture giueth it forth-with to another man except a small portion that he spareth to marry the Daughters withall Also if there be a Rich man a Fermour or man of Liuing which is stricken in age or by chance is maymed and be not able to doe the Duke seruice some other Gentleman that is not able to liue and more able to doe seruice will come to the Duke and complaine saying your Grace hath such an one which is vnmeete to doe seruice to your Highnesse who hath great abundance of wealth and likewise your Grace hath many Gentlemen which are poore and lacke liuing and we that lacke are well able to doe good seruice your Grace might doe well to looke vpon him and make him to helpe those that want Immediately the Duke sendeth forth to inquire of his wealth and if it be so proued hee shall be called before the Duke and it shall bee said vnto him Friend you haue too much liuing and are vnseruiceable to your Prince lesse will serue you and the rest will serue other men that are more able to serue Whereupon immediately his liuing shall be taken away from him sauing a little to find himselfe and his Wife on and he may not once repine thereat but for answere hee will say that hee hath nothing but it is Gods and the Dukes Graces and cannot say as wee the common people in England say if wee haue any thing that it is Gods and our owne Men may say that these men are in wonderfull great awe and obedience that thus one must giue and grant his goods which he hath beene scraping and scratching for all his life to be at his Princes pleasure and commandement Oh that our sturdie Rebels were had in the like subiection to know their dutie toward their Princes They may not say as some Snudges in England say I would find the Queene a man to serue in my place or make his Friends tarrie at home if many haue the vpper hand No no it is not so in this Countrey for he shall make humble sute to serue the Duke And whom he sendeth most to the Warres hee thinketh he is most in his fauour and yet as I before haue said he giueth no wages If they knew
memorie who called the place Meta incognita he brought home some of the Natiues and left some of his men there In the yeere 1580. the Companie sent out a second Voyage for the discouerie of the Riuer Obb and thence to goe on to Cathay furnishing forth two ships vnder the command of Arthur Pet and Charles Iackman who following their instructions arriued at Vaigats passed those Streights with a particular obseruation of those Ilands and places therein plyed along the East part of Nouazembla and the North of Russia and the Samoeds Countrey so farre as the Ice would giue them leaue and finding no possibilitie of passage by reason of the Ice returned backe in the latter end of the yeere By this time the Voyage of Saint Nicolas was knowne and become a beaten trade And the Companie sent out yeerely thither ten or twelue ships which returned fraighted with the commodities of that Countrey In the yeere 1583. by the leaue and admittance of the Moscouia Companie Sir Humfrey Gilbert went out for the discouerie of the North part of Terra Florida came into the great Riuer called Saint Laurence in Canada tooke possession of the Countrey setled the gouernment of the fishing there which is so well knowne in these times In the yeere 1585. Master Iohn Dauis was furnished out at Dartmouth with two Barkes for the discouerie of the North-west came into the height of 66. plyed along the coast obserued the probabilitie of a passage and in the end of the yeere returned In the yeere following being 1586. hee went on againe in the further discouerie thereof found a great Inlet betweene 55. and 56. of latitude which gaue him great hope of a passage traded with the people there and so returned In the yeere 1587. hee made a third Voyage to those places followed his course to the North and North-west to the Latitude of 67. degrees hauing the Continent which hee called America on the West side and Groineland which hee named Desolation on the East and going on the height of 86. degrees the passage enlarged so that hee could not see the Westerne shoare Thus he continued in the Latitude of 73. degrees in a great Sea free from Ice of an vnmeasurable depth but by the occasion of the departure of two Ships which were in company with him which hee left Fishing at a place he returned home This passage continueth the Name and memorie of the first Discouerer and is called Fretum Dauis And thus the Discouerie of the Northern Seas proceeded on from time to time by the endeauour and charge of the Muscouia Companie vntill they had particularly discouered the Lands Coasts Ilands Straights Hauens Bayes Riuers and other places therein and measured euery part thereof by their often tracing to and fro Together also with the obseruation of the Commodities and Aduantages arising from euery part of the same continuing euen vnto these times to haunt and frequent the parts which they had formerly found out As by their yeerely Reportaries and Iournals may appeare and that either without emulation or competition of any other Nation that euer came into those parts or enterprised any Discouerie there vntill of late yeeres as appeares by this that followeth When Richard Chancelor had setled a trade with Iohn Vasilowich then Emperour of Russia and his Ambassadours had beene heere in England to accomplish matters requisite for maintenance of the Amitie and Entercourse made and agreed vpon betweene these two Crownes King Philip Queene Marie Dukes also at that time of Burgundie and Soueraignes of all the Netherlands made a grant of Priuiledge vnto the Muscouia Merchants for the sole Trade of those Seas prohibiting all others to haunt and frequent the same without speciall Licence and consent of the sayd Companie which grant of Priuiledge was accordingly enioyed without disturbance or interloping of the Hollanders who out of obedience either to the Prohibition made by their Soueraigne or for that they durst not aduenture into these Seas did not any way attempt to bee seene or appeare there either for Discouerie or trade of Merchandize for the space of fiue and twentie yeeres after the Port of Saint Nicholas was first Discouered and found out by the English For the Company hauing as is aboue mentioned made their first Discouerie in the yeere 1553. there was neuer heard of any Netherlander that frequented those Seas vntill the yeere 1578. At which time they first began to come to Cola and within a yeere or two after one Iohn de Whale a Netherlander came to the Bay of Saint Nicholaâ— being drawne thither by the perswasion of some English for their better meane of Interloping which was the first man of that Nation that euer was seene there And this as is formerly noted was fiue and twentie yeeres after it was Discouered by the Muscouia Merchants Afterwards the Hollanders crept in more and more and in the yeere 1594. they made out foure Ships for Discouerie of the North-east passage to China the Master Pylot whereof was William Barrents these came vpon the Coast of Nouazembla to the Latitude of 77. degrees drew backe againe towards the Straights of Vaigats and then returned giuing Names vnto some places and Promontories vpon that Land In the yeere 1595. They sent out a second Voyage tracing the way through the Straights of Vaigats in the same steps as Pet and Iackman had formerly passed and so returned In the yeere 1596. They set out a third Voyage with two Ships the one of which shaped her course from the Cape of Norway to an Iland in the Latitude of 74. degrees which wee call Cherie Iland and they call Beare Iland and from thence to Greenland where Sir Hugh Willoughbie had beene two and fortie yeeres before for so long time there is betweene the first Discouerie thereof and the yeere 1596. And from thence to the North-east part of Nouazembla in the Latitude of 76. degrees where they Wintred and lost their Ship and came home with much difficultie In the yeere 1603. Stephen Bennet was imployed by the Companie in a Ship called the Grace to those parts Northwards of the Cape and was at Cherie Iland and killed some Sea-horses and brought home Lead Oare from thence In the yeere 1608. the said fellowship set foorth a Ship called the Hope-well whereof William Hudson was Master to discouer to the Pole where it appeareth by his Iournall that hee came to the height of 81. degrees where he gaue Names to certayne places vpon the Continent of Greenland formerly discouered which continue to this day namely Whale Bay and Hackluit Head-land and being hindred with Ice returned home without any further vse made of the Countrey and in ranging homewards hee discouered an Iland lying in 71. degrees which hee named Hudsons Tutches Heere it is to bee vnderstood that the Companie hauing by often resort and imployment to
subtilly to draw me to take vpon me to search for those things which himselfe had stolne and accused me of a matter no lesse then Treason amongst vs that I had deceiued the company of thirtie Cakes of bread Now they began to talke amongst themselues that England was no safe place for them and Henry Greene swore the shippe should not come into any place but keepe the Sea still till he had the Kings Majesties hand and Seale to shew for his safetie They had many deuices in their heads but Henry Greene in the end was their Captaine and so called of them From these Ilands we stood to the North-east and the Easter Land still in sight wee raysed those Ilands that our Master called Rumnies Ilands Betweene these Ilands and the shallow ground to the East of them our Master went downe into the first great Bay We kept the East shoare still in our sight and comming thwart of the low Land wee ranne on a Rocke that lay vnder water and strooke but once for if shee had we might haue beene made Inhabitans of that place but God sent vs soone off without any harme that wee saw Wee continued our course and raysed Land a head of vs which stretched out to the North which when they saw they said plainly that Robert Billet by his Northerly course had left the Capes to the South and that they were best to seeke downe to the South in time for releife before all was gone for we had small store left But Robert Billet would follow the Land to the North saying that he hoped in God to find somewhat to releeue vs that way as soone as to the South I told them that this Land was the Mayne of Worsenhome Cape and that the shallow rockie ground was the same that the Master went downe by when he went into the great Bay Robert Iuet and all said it was not possible vnlesse the Master had brought the ship ouer Land and willed them to looke into the Masters Card and their course how well they did agree We stood to the East and left the mayne Land to the North by many small Ilands into a narrow gut betweene two Lands and there came to an Anchor The Boat went ashoare on the North side where wee found the great Horne but nothing else The next day wee went to the South side but found nothing there saue Cockle grasse of which we gathered This grasse was a great releefe vnto vs for without it we should hardly haue got to the Capes for want of victuall The wind seruing we stood out but before we could get cleane out the wind came to the West so that we were constrayned to anchor on the North side The next day wee weighed and doubled the point of the North Land which is high Land and so continueth to the Capes lying North and South some fiue and twentie or thirtie leagues To the North we stood to see store of those Fowles that breed in the Capes and to kill some with our shot and to fetch them with our Boat We raised the Capes with joy and bare for them and came to the Ilands that lie in the mouth of the streight but bearing in betweene the Rockie Iles we ranne on a Rocke that lay vnder water and there stucke fast eight or nine houres It was ebbing water when we thus came on so the floud set vs afloat God guiding both wind and Sea that it was calme and faire weather the ebbe came from the East and the floud from the West When wee were afloat wee stood more neere to the East shoare and there anchored The next day being the seuen and twentieth of Iuly we sent the Boat to fetch some Fowle and the ship should way and stand as neere as they could for the wind was against vs. They had a great way to row and by that meanes they could not reach to the place where the Fowle bred but found good store of Gulls yet hard to come by on the Rocks and Cliffes but with their Peeces they killed some thirtie and towards night returned Now we had brought our ship more neere to the mouth of the Streights and there came to an anchor in eighteen or twentie fathom water vpon a Râ—ffe or shelfe of ground which after they had weighed their Anchor and stood more neere to the place where the Fowle bred they could not find it againe nor no place like it but were faine to turne to and fro in the mouth of the Streight and to be in danger of Rockes because they could not find ground to let fall an Anchor in the water was so deepe The eight and twentieth day the Boat went to Digges his Cape for Fowle and made directly for the place where the Fowle bred and being neere they saw seuen Boates come about the Easterne point towards them When the Sauages saw our Boate they drew themselues together and drew their lesser Boats into their bigger and when they had done they came rowing to our Boat and made signes to the West but they made readie for all assayes The Sauages came to them and by signes grew familiar one with another so as our men tooke one of theirs into our Boate and they tooke one of ours into their Boate. Then they carried our man to a Coue where their Tents stood toward the West of the place where the Fowle bred so they carried him into their Tents where he remayned till our men returned with theirs Our Boat went to the place where the Fowle bred and were desirous to know how the Sauages killed their Fowle he shewed them the manner how which was thus They take a long Pole with a snare at the end which they put about the Fowles necke and so plucke them downe When our men knew that they had a better way of their owne they shewed him the vse of our Peeces which at one shot would kill seuen or eight To be short our Boat returned to their Coue for our man and to deliuer theirs When they came they made great joy with dancing and leaping and stroking of their brests they offered diuers things to our men but they only tooke some Morses Teeth which they gaue them for a Knife and two glasse buttons and so receiuing our man they came aboard much rejoycing at this chance as if they had met with the most simple and kind people of the World And Henry Greene more then the rest was so confident that by no meanes we should take care to stand vpon our Guard God blinding him so that where hee made reckoning to receiue great matters from these people he receiued more then he looked for and that suddenly by being made a good example for all men that make no conscience of doing euill and that we take heed of the Sauage people how simple soeuer they seeme to be The next day the nine and twentieth of Iuly they made haste to
liking Englands fertilitie better then that their own sterilitâ—e and rockie barrennesse 〈◊〉 by force of warres often to conquer that which would not be peaceably yeelded till King Edward a maintainer of peace with consent of the Kingdâ—me permitted them to dwell heere at pleasure as sworne brethren to the English Octher subiect and seruant to King Alfrâ—d aboue seuen hundred yeeres since related to his said Lord 〈◊〉 voyage from Heâ—golaâ—â— where he then dwelt to the North Cape and as probable circumstances argue along the coast to the Bay of Saint Nicolas Aedgar that famous founder of Monasteries is said by Ranulphuâ— Cestâ—ensis to haue in annuall vse foure thousand ships and by Flores Historiarum foure thousand eight hundred 〈◊〉 yeerely to compasse this Iland with his Nauie quadripartite twelue hundred in the East as many in the West and like proportions on the North and on the South coasts to secure the Seas and secure his subiects And in the Charter of the foundation of the Cathedrall Church of Worcester he vseth these words Mihi autem concessit propitia diuinitas 〈◊〉 Anglorum Imperio omnia Regnâ— Insularium Oceani cum suis fercissimis Regibus vsque Norwegiaâ—â— Maximamque partem Hyberniae cum sua nobilissima ciuitate Dubliâ—ia Anglorum Regno subiâ—gâ—re c. Hee also stiles himselfe King and Emperour of the Ocean and the Hands about Britaine beginning Ego Aedgâ—rus Anglorum Basileus omâ—iâ—mque Regum Insularum Oceaniâ—â—â— Britannium circumiacentis cunctarumque Nationum quae infra eam includuntur Imperator Dominus So potent was he first of the English Kings for Arthur was a Briton by his strong shipping and well manned and mannaged Nauie Florentius Wigorniensis stileth him â—los decâ—â—s antecessâ—rum Regum Pacificus Rex Aedgarus non minâ—â— memorabâ—lis Anglis quà m Romulâ—s Rowanis Cyrus Persis Alexander Macedonibus Arsaces Parthis Carolus Magnus Francis and addeth as before is notified 〈…〉 3600. 〈◊〉 sibi congregauerat naues ex quibus Paschali emensa 〈…〉 Anno 1200. In orientali 1200. in occidentalâ— 1200. in Sepâ—â—â—trionali insulae plaga coadunare ad occidentalâ—◠〈◊〉 orientali classe illa remissa ad borealem cum occidentali ipsaque remâ—ssa cum boreali ad orienâ—alem classem remigare eoque modo totam insulam omni aestate consueuerat cincumnauigare viriliter hoc agens ad defensionem contra exteros Regni sui suum sisorumque ad bellicos vsus exercitium Both Florentius and Malmesbury and Mat. Westminster record that hee sitting at the Sterne was rowed by eight Kings his Tributaries Kined King of Scots Macolm of Cumberland Macon of Man and many Ilands Dufnal of Dâ—metia Siferth and Howel Kings of Wales Iacob King of Galwales and Iukil of Westmar hauing the same day there met at his summons and sworne fealtie and assistance to him by Sea and Land These rowed him in the Riuer Dee to the Monastery from his Palace and thence after seruice backe againe So rightly did he instile himselfe in his Charter to Malmesbury Ego Aedgarus totius Albionis Basileus nec non 〈…〉 Regum circumhabitantium c. HONDIVS his Map of NORVVEGIA and SVETIA SVECIA ET Norwegia 〈◊〉 And such was the Danish tyranny that euery Dane was stiled Lord Dane and had at his commandement the wiues daughters and the whole houshold where hee became But after the death of Hardicanutus that title was turned into the reproachfull terme of Lurdane and the day of his death as the Roman Fugalia was celebrated with open pastime and feasting in the streets called Hocktide or Hucktide as if England then absolutely freed made a mocke or scorne of her enemies Canutus by treason of Eadrike Streona obtained the Kingdome first as partner with Edmund Ironside and after his death the whole by other perfidie slaying Eadwy brother of King Edmund and sending Edmunds two sonnes Edward and Edmund to the King of Sweden to be there made away But hee hating such crueltie sent them to Salomon King of Hâ—ngary to bring vp where Edmund dyed and Edward married Agatha daughter of Henry the Emperour by whom hee had Aedgar Athling and Margaret married to Malcolm King of Scots the mother of Maud wife to Henry the first and Christine a Nun. Canutus diuided the Kingdome into foure parts of which hee reserued West Saxonie to himselfe East England hee committed to Earle Turkill Mercia to Duke Edrike and Northumberland to Earle Erike Soone after he caused Duke Edrike which treacherously had aduanced him to the Crowne to bee slaine a iust reward of treason and then banished Earle Turkill and Earle Erike picking quarrell with them weary of any stalking horses the former of which was presently after his landing in Denmarke slain And now did Canutus seeke to win the fauour of the English by building and endowing Monasteries making good Lawes and marrying Emma the relict of King Ethelred Thus hauing Denmarke by inheritance and England by conquest treachery his ambition next aimed at Sweden where first he had the worse but after compelled Vlf and Eiglaf the Kings of that Countrie to composition with him Earle Godwin the Generall of the English prouoking and animating the English to recouer their pristine glory and by solid vertue to ouercome them who had ouercome their new Lord whose fortune had subiected the English Thus Canutus preuailed by Godwines policie and English valour they by night without the Kings knowledge or assistance of the Danish Armie assaulting and ouerthrowing the Swedens hee the next day missing the English and fearing they had turned to the Enemy till giuing the onset with his Danes vpon the forsaken Campe of the Enemy he found there nothing but carkasses and spoyle Anno 1027. hauing intelligence that the Norwegians contemned their King Olaue for his simplicitie he sent great summes of Gold and Siluer to the Grandes of Norway to corrupt them and caused them to reject Olaue and to choose him for their King For peruerted with gifts they sent him word to come to them whom he should find readie to entertayne him An. 1028. he went with a fleet of fifty sayle to Norway and expelled Olaue subjecting that Kingdome to himselfe Olaue which had beene the King Doctor Preacher and Apostle of the Norwegians as Florilegus stileth him the sonne of Harald King of Norway was slayne Anno 1030. and cruelly butchered by his treacherous Norwegians with an Axe or Hatchet for disanulling their Pagan superstitions and hee since is there superstitiously worshipped for a Saint whom then trayterously they permitted not to reigne or breathe The same yeere perished at Sea or as some say was slayne in one of the Orcades Earle Hacun whom Canutus fearing had banished in colour of sending him Embassadour His greatnesse hauing to wife his sisters daughter made him grow suspicious And according to the deuotion of that time Anno 1031. Canutus or Cunto went to Rome on Pilgrimage and there made magnificent
South-west and sometimes West South-west till I had runne one hundred and thirtie leagues and was by account in latitude 72. degrees 30. minutes where hauing the wind contrarie to proceed further Westward I stood Eastward till I had runne thirtie leagues in which course I should haue seene this Land if credit might be giuen to Hudsons Iournall but I saw not any And hauing a hard gale of winde still Northerly I conceiued no course so good to be taken at this time as to sâ—eed homewards and so stood to the Southwards directing my course for England this beeing the eight and twentieth of August After which time the wind continued Northerly till the sixt day of September and then wee were on the coast of Scotland in latitude 57. degrees and on the eight day of September had sight of the land of England on the coast of Yorkeshire Thus by the great mercy of God haue we escaped many dangers and after a cold Summer haue some taste of a warme Autumne All glorie therefore be to God the Father the Sonne and the Holy Ghost Amen By this briefe Relation and by the plat wherein I haue traced the ships way vpon each seuerall trauerse it may plainly appeare how farre the state of this Sea is discouered betwixt 80. and 71. degrees of latitude making difference of longitude 26. degrees from the Meridian of Hackluyts Headland Now if any demand my opinion concerning hope of a passage to bee found in those Seas I answer that it is true that I both hoped and much desired to haue passed further then I did but was hindred with Ice wherein although I haue not attayned my desire yet forasmuch as it appeares not yet to the contrarie but that there is a spacious Sea betwixt Groinland and King Iames his New-land although much pestered with Ice I will not seeme to disswade this worshipfull Companie from the yeerly aduenturing of 150. or 200. pounds at the most till some further discouerie be made of the said Seas and Lands adjacent for which purpose no other Vessell would I aduise vnto then this Pinnasse with ten men which I hold to bee most conuenient for that action although heretofore I conceiued otherwise but now I speake after good experience hauing sayled in her out and in aboue two thousand leagues RO. FOTHERBY A Letter of ROBERT FOTHERBY to Captaine EDGE written in Crosse-rode Iuly 15. 1615. MAster Edge By the mercy of God I came into Crosse-road on Thursday last being driuen from Sea neere shoare by extreme tempest At the beginning of the storme I was vnwittingly eâ—bayed with Ice aboue fortie leagues from land in latitude 78. degrees and 30. minutes but thankes be to God I got cleare of it yet not without much trouble and great danger Hauing plyed vnder two coarses to and againe so long till my Pinnasse was made leake with bearing I tryed it vnder a mayne coarse and stem'd South-east and South-east and by South notwithstanding I was hurried to the Northward and fell right with the Foreland which by reason of the misty storme we could not set till we were within a league of it then I stood ouer the Bay and came to an anchor here where I must be forced to stay till our sailes be mended and a new mayne coarse be made if not a fore coarse also Then I purpose to goe to Sea againe and to proceed in coasting the Ice to the Westward if it hinder me to proceed Northward I haue already coasted it from Hackluyts Headland to the latitude aforesaid and intend to beginne againe so neare as I can at the place where I was put off with the storme I came from Faire Hauen the fourth of Iuly and then had there beene killed twelue Whales besides one found dead and another brought in by Fra. Birkes which he found at Sea before he came into Faire Hauen When I came in hither here were three Ships and a Pinnasse of the King of Denmarks they rid in deepe water about a league and a halfe from the Road but weighed from thence and the Admirall came to an anchor close by me and sent to intreat me to come aboord of him I went aboord and was courteously entertayned by the Generall who questioned me of the Country and asked me by what right the English Merchants did resort and fish in this place I told him by the King of Englands right who had granted a Patent to the Muscouie Company of Merchants whereby he authorizeth them and forbiddeth all others to frequent these places Then he entreated me to goe with him to Sir Tho. Smiths Bay to the two Englâ—sh ships there I told him it would be losse of time to me because I had some businesse here to doe and then to goe forth presently to Sea againe to prosecute my Discouery He said that he would haue me goe with him to be witnesse what passed betwixt him and you for he had matters of importance to acquaint you withall which concerned our King and theirs and therefore intreated me to giue direction presently to weigh and set saile for I must needs goe with him I replyed againe that it would be a great losse vnto me of time and I knew not how to answer it but he told me peremptorily that I must goe with him So seeing no remedie I bad the Master be readie then he presently weighed and kept me aboord him but afterwards meeting with the two Captaines that came from you he returned and anchored againe in Crosse-road I receiued very courteous entertaynment of the Admirall Vice-admirall and of Captaine Killingham but Captaine Killingham being aboord of me went away as he seemed discontented because I would not giue him a young Morse I haue aboord which I denyed to doe because I writ to my Master from Faire Hauen that such a thing I haue and will bring aliue into England if I may When he went off aboord of me he said he would shoot downe my flag And soone after there came a shot which flue ouer vs out of the Admirall and I expected another but soone after there came a man aboord of me out of the Admirall to see if any of your men that came in the Shallop would goe with them into the Bay and he swore vnto me that the shot was made to call their Boat aboord because they were ready to weigh As farre as I can perceiue their purpose is to see what Grant the King of England hath made vnto the Companie for they seeme to pretend that the right of this Land belongs to the King of Denmarke and neither to English nor Hollanders Thus with my heartie commendations to your selfe and Master Bredcake together with my praiers for your prosperous voyage I commit you to God CHAP. VIII Diuers other Voyages to Greenland with Letters of those which were there employed communicated to mee by Master WILLIAM HELEY An. 1616. Edges Iland was discouered and a prosperous voyage was made all the
as he sate in his Imperiall seat and the-also a famous Merchant of Netherland being newly come to Mosco who gaue him selfe out to be the King of Spaines subiect called Iohn de Wale was in like sort called for Some of the Nobilitie would haue preferred this subiect of the Spaniard before Master Horsey seruant to the Queen of England whereunto Master Horsey would in no case agree saying hee would haue his legges cut off by the knees before hee would yeelde to such an indignitie offered to his Soueraigne the Queenes Maiestie of England to bring the Emperour a present in course after the King of Spaines subiect or any other whatsoeuer The Emperour and the Prince Boris Pheodorowich perceuing the controuersie sent the Lord Treasurer Peter Iuanowich Galauyn and Vasili Shalkan both of the Counsell to them who deliuered the Emperour backe Master Horseys speech whereupon he was first in order as good reason admitted and presented the Emperour in the behalfe of the English Merchants trading thither a present wishing him ioy and long to raigne in tranquilitie and so kissed the Emperours hand he accepting the present with good liking and auouching that for his Sisters sake Queene Elizabeth of England he would be a gracious Lord to her Merchants in as ample manner as euer his Father had beene and being dismissed he had the same day sent him seauentie dishes of sundry kinds of meats with three carts laden with al sorts of drinks very bountifully After him was the foresaid subiect of the Spanish King admitted with his present whom the Emperor willed to be no lesse faithfull seruiceable vnto him then the Queen of Englands subiects were had been then the King of Spains subiects shold receiue fauor accordingly All these things thus in order performed prayses were sung in all the Churches The Emperour and Empresse very deuoutly resorted on foote to many principal Churches in the Citie and vpon Trinitie Sunday betooke themselues to a progresse in order of procession to a famous Monasterie called Sergius and the Trinitie sixtie miles distant from the Citie of Mosco accompanied with a huge armie of Noblemen Gentlemen and others mounted vpon goodly Horses with furniture accordingly The Empresse of deuotion tooke this iourney on foote all the way accompanyed with her Princesses and Ladies no small number her Guard and Gunners were in number twentie thousand her chiefe Counsellor or Attendant was a noble man of the bloud Royall her Vncle of great authoritie called Demetri Iuanowich Godonoua All this progresse ended both the Emperour and Empresse returned to Mosco shortly after the Emperour by the direction of the Prince Boris Pheodorowich sent a power into the Land of Siberia where all the rich Sables and Furres are gotten This power conquered in one yeere and a halfe one thousand miles In the performance of this warre there was taken prisoner the Emperour of the Country called Chare Sibersky and with him many other Dukes and Noble men which were brought to Mosco with a guard of Souldiers and Gunners who were receiued into the Citie in very honourable manner and doe there remaine to this day Hereupon the corrupt Officers Iudges Iustices Captaines and Lieutenants through the whole Kingdome were remooued and more honest men substituted in their places with expresse commandement vnder seuere punishment to surcease their old bribing and extortion which they had vsed in the old Emperours time and now to execute true iustice without respect of persons and to the end that this might be the better done their lands and yeerly stipends were augmented the great taskes customes and duties which were before laid vpon the people in the old Emperours time were now abated and some wholly remitted and no punishments commanded to be vsed without sufficient and due proofe although the crime were capitall deseruing death many Dukes and Noble men of great Houses that were vnder displeasure and imprisoned twentie yeeres by the old Emperour were now set at libertie and restored to their lands all prisoners were set at libertie and their trespasses forgiuen In summe a great alteration vniuersally in the gouernment followed and yet all was done quietly ciuilly peaceably without trouble to the Prince or offence to the Subiect and this bred great assurance and honour to the Kingdome and all was accomplished by the wisedome especially of Irenia the Empresse These things being reported and carried to the eares of the Kings and Princes that were borderers vpon Russia they grew so fearfull and terrible to them that the Monarch of all the Scythians called the Crim Tartar or great Can himselfe named Sophet Keri Alli came out of his owne Countrie to the Emperour of Russia accompanied with a great number of his Nobilitie well horsed although to them that were Christians they seemed rude yet they were personable men and valiant their comming was gratefull to the Emperour and their entertainment was honourable the Tartar Prince hauing brought with him his wiues also receiued of the Russe Emperour entertainment and Princely welcome according to their estates Not long after one thousand and two hundred Polish Gentlemen valiant Souldiers and proper men came to Mosco offering their seruice to the Emperour who were all entertayned and in like sort many Chirkasses and people of other Nations came and offered seruice And as soone as the report of this new created Emperour was spred ouer other Kingdomes of Europe there were sent to him sundrie Ambassadors to wish him ioy and prosperitie in his Kingdome thither came Ambassadors from the Turke from the Persian the Bogharian the Crim the Georgian and many other Tartar Princes There came also Ambassadors from the Emperour of Almaine the Pole the Swethen the Dane c. And since his Coronation no enemie of his hath preuailed in his attempts It fell out not long after that the Emperour was desirous to send a message to the most excellent Queene of England for which seruice he thought no man fitter then Master Ierome Horsey supposing that one of the Queenes owne men and subiects would bee the more acceptable to her The summe of which message was That the Emperor desired a continuance of that league friendship amitie and intercourse of traffique which was betweene his Father and the Queenes Maiestie and her Subiects with other priuate affaires besides which are not to bee made common Master Horsey hauing receiued the Letters and Requests of the Emperour prouided for his iourney ouer Land and departed from Mosco the fift day of September thence vnto Otuer to Torshook to great Nouogrod to Vobskie and thence to Nyhouse in Liuonia to Wenden and so to Riga where he was beset and brought forthwith before a Cardinall called Rageuil but yet suffered to passe in the end From thence to Mito to Golden and Libou in Curland to Memel to Koningsburgh in Prussia to Elbing to Dantzike to Stetine in Pomerland to Rostock to Lubeck to Hamborough to Breme to Emden and by
Emperour and great Duke of all Russia Volademer Moskoe and Nouogrode King of Casan and Astracan Lord of Vobskoe great Duke of Smolenskoe Tuer Huder Vghory Perme Viatsky Bolgory c. Lord and great Duke of Nouogrod in the Low Countreyes of Chernigo Rezan Polotskey Rostoue Geraslaue Bealozera Leifland Oudorskey Obdorskey Condingskey King of all Syberia and the North Coasts Commander of the Countreyes of Iuersky Grysinsky and Emperour of Kabardiuskey of Chirkasky and of the whole Countrey of Garskey and of many other Countreyes and Kingdomes Lord and Emperour to know of his Maiesties health of England the Queene and Princes The second being a Captayne of Gunners the Emperours Guard named Kazriâ—e Dauydowich Beaheetchoue pronouncing the Emperour and Princes Title said hee was sent from them to know his Lordships health and vsage with the Kings Gentlemen The third was one of the Secretaries named Pheodor Boulteene obseruing the former order did deliuer what he had in command from the Emperor Prince and Empresse to informe the Embassador of their much fauour towards him and the Kings Gentlemen in prouiding for his Honourable entertayne and ease a faire large house to lodge in Also that they three were sent from the Emperour Prince and Empresse to be his Prestaues to supply the Emperours goodnesse toward him to prouide his necessaries and deliuer any sute it pleased the Ambassadour to make to the Emperour To all which the Embassadour very wisely gaue answere as they made report vnto the Emperour So we all presently mounted againe the Prestaues on either hand of the Ambassadour his Horse and Foot-cloth being led by his Page some small distance his Coach behind that and some sixe thousand Gallants after behind all who at the Embassadors riding through the guard that was made for him very courteously bowed himselfe Thus was he followed by thousands and within the three wals of the Citie many hundreds of young Noblemen Gentlemen and rich Merchants well mounted begirt the wayes on euery side diuers on foot also euen to the gate of the house where the Embassadour was to be lodged which was some two miles Whether being come he was brought into his Bed-chamber by the Noblemen his Prestaues where with many thankes for their honourable paines they were dismist betaking themselues to their further affaires The next morning came three other Prestaues with the former to know of his Lordships health and how he had rested the night past withall that if his Lordship wanted any thing they all or any one of them were as commanded so readie to obey therein These with the Interpreter and sixe Gentlemen were most within the walls lodged in a house ouer the gate besides we had fiftie Gunners to attend and guard vs in our going abroad The eight of October being the fourth day after our comming to Musco the Prestaues came to his Lordship to let him vnderstand they heard he should goe vp the next day wherefore they desired his speech and Embassage to the Emperour and the rather that the Interpreter might as they pretended translate it To this purpose very earnestly at seuerall times they made demand The Embassadour answered that he was sent from a mightie Prince to bee his Embassadour to their Emperour and being sent to their Master he deemed it not only a dishonour to him but a weaknesse in them to require that at his hands The â—leuenth of October his Lordship being sent for by his Prestaues there wayting hauing excellent Iennets for himselfe the Kings Gentlemen and good horses for the rest as likewise two gallant white Palfreis to carrie or draw a rich Chariot one parcell of the great Present with his followers and the Emperours guard carrying the rest on each side the streets standing the Emperours guard with Peeces in their hands well apparelled to the number of two thousand by esteeme many Messengers posting betwixt the Court and our Prestaues Thus with much state softly riding till we came vnto the vtmost gate of the Court hauing passed through the great Castle before there his Lordship dismounted Then met him a great Duke named Knase Andriay Metowich Soomederoue with certayne Gentlemen to bring him vp So in order as we rode we ascended the staires and a stone Gallerie whereon each side stood many Nobles and Courtiers in faire Coates of Persian Stuffe Veluet Damaske c. At the entry to the great Chamber two Counsellors encountred the Embassadour to conduct him through that Roome round about which sat many graue and richly apparrelled Personages Then we entred the Presence whether being come and making obeysance we staid to heare but not vnderstand a very gallant Nobleman named Peter Basman deliuer the Emperours Title Then the particular of the Presents and some other Ceremonies which performed the Embassadour hauing libertie deliuered so much of his Embassage as the time and occasion then affoorded After which the Emperour arising from his Throne demanded of the King of Englands health the Princes and Queenes then of the Embassadors and the Kings Gentlemen and how they had beene vsed since they entred within his Dominions to all which with obeysance wee answered as was meete Then the young Prince demanded the very same The Embassador hauing taken the Kings Letter of his Gentleman Vsher went vp after his obeysance to deliuer it which the Lord Chancellor would haue intercepted But the Embassadour gaue it to the Emperours owne hands and his Majestie afterwards deliuered it to the Lord Chancellor who tooke it and shewing the superscription to the Emperour and Prince held it in his hand openly with the Seale towards them Then the Emperour called the Embassadour to kisse his hand which he did as likewise the Princes and with his face towards them returned Then did hee call for the Kings Gentlemen to kisse his hand and the Princes which they after obeysance made did accordingly Afterwards his Majestie inuited his Lordship the Kings Gentlemen and the rest to dine with him as likewise Master I. Mericke Agent by name who gaue his attendance there on the Embassadour and was now as diuers times very graciously vsed of the Emperour and Prince no stranger that I euer heard off like him in all respects Being entred the Presence we might behold the excellent Majestie of a mightie Emperour seated in a Chaire of Gold richly embroydered with Persian Stuffe in his right hand hee held a golden Scepter a Crowne of pure Gold vpon his head a Coller of rich stones and Pearles about his necke his outward Garments of Crimson Veluet embroydered very faire with Pearles Precious stones and Gold On his right side on equall height to his Throne standing a very faire Globe of beaten Gold on a Pyramis with a faire Crosse vpon it vnto which before hee spake he turned a little and crost himselfe Nigh that stood a faire Bason and Ewer which the Emperour often vseth daily Close by him in another Throne sat the Prince in an
to sweepe the snowe away where he should passe and were said to bee slaues which I verily beleeue because certainly they were his Subiects Then came the Prince richly apparelled with two Tartar Princes standing before on his sled and two young Dukes behind with two hundred sleds following him The eight of Februarie the Emperor sent vs sleds to ride abroad and this day the rather that we might behold a reported victorie against the reputed Rebell Demetrie c. So we the Kings Gentlemen did behold three hundred poore Prisoners seuenteene Ensignes and eleuen Drums brought in with more glorie then victorie About this time returned Peter Basman one of the Generals who had performed very honourable seruice and certainly he was the man of greatest hope and expectation in the whole Empire who was brought into the Mosco with all the Counsell Nobles Gentlemen and Merchants a grace neuer performed before to any Subiect But not without suspition of some extraordinarie secret herein and â—â—â—ides particular fauours bountifull rewards and a promise he should neuer goe againe vntill the Emperor himselfe went he was being but a young man made a Priuie Counsellor Forth with one thing I will you shall obserue the Emperors fauour and his then noble Spirit he making diuers times sute as was thought because they were in great danger to goe againe to the warres once prostrated himselfe to obtayne his desire but falling downe too humbly hee could not easily rise againe whereby the Emperor vnderstanding of his many and great wounds was said to weepe rising himselfe vp to raise and helpe him vp but extraordinarie Causes haue the like Effects as hereafter you shall vnderstand We were lodged in the same house where the young Prince Iohn of Denmarke brother to that King and our now Queene of England did lodge who would haue married the young Princesse Oucksinia the Emperors only daughter but that he vnhappily there died but not in any of those lodgings for it is a custome there that where a Prince dyes especially a stranger not of long time after to let any other lodge there Now the Ambassador vnderstanding of the conuenience of his passage downe by sled-way also fearing as wise men had cause what the issue of these warres would be knowing the state here vsed in any sutes bethought himselfe aduisedly that it was high time being the middest of Februarie to desire a second audience for his sooner dispatch which he forthwith requested and wrote a letter to that purpose vnto the Lord Chancellor Vpon the tenth of March the Ambassador with the Kings Gentlemen all richly apparelled and all his followers decently attending very honourably as before and with the like recourse of beholders and guard of Gunners but that they were said to bee Citizens by reason of their warres but in like apparell was attended to the Court being receiued with the former grace or more he ascended the Presence the Emperour and Prince holding their wonted state onely changing their Vestments with the season but for the riches nothing inferior So soone as the Ambassador and the Kings Gentlemen were come opposite to his Throne hee commanded seates that they might sit downe then with a Maiestick countenance representing rather constraint then former cheerfulnesse he declared that He his Sonne and Councell had considered his Maiesties Letter the Maiestie of King Iames of England as also on whatsoeuer else was desired and in token of his ioyfull receiued amâ—tie with the renowmed King of England as with his Predecessor he had wrote his Princely Letters to that purpose Herewith the Chancellor from the Emperour deliuered the Ambassadors his Highnesse Letters to his excellent Maiestie Withall vnderstanding by the Chancellor hee had some farther matter to intreat of then in his Briefe to his Maiestie was remembred therefore hee had appointed foure principall Councellors to consult with him of his Requests which was done After the Ambassador yeelding courteous thanks for his Maiesties fauour his Lordship attended by many Nobles proceeded to the Councell Chamber whither presently after came foure Councellors and the Emperours Tolmach who after salutations we withdrew to the next chamber where wee passed away an houre in discourse among many young Nobles hauing the Ambassadors Interpreter In the end after three or foure goings and returnes of the Chancellor from the Emperour wee went againe before him where after hee had commanded vs to sit downe as before by the mouth of the Chancellor was openly deliuered a Briefe of the whole Embassie and that dayes particular desire according to the Ambassadors request confirmed Also in good and pleasing language was declared the great desire that the Emperour had for the continuance of peace and amitie with the renowmed Iames King of England as with the late Queene Elizabeth withall that in due time all accidents well ended he would send an honourable Ambassador for further affaires as likewise to congratulate with our King of his happinesse in so plausible comming to his Right and Inheritance Likewise a Granâ— of a new Priuiledge for the Companie which he said should be vnder the golden Seale c. Which ceremonious speech ended the Emperor called for the Ambassador and the Kings Gentlemen to kisse his hand and the Princes which done with the Emperors nod or bowing to vs as likewise the Princes desiring the remembrance of his and the Princes commendations to his Maiestie the Prince and Queene of England we were dismissed but not before the Emperor said he would send home to vs. Thus we tooke our last leaue of the Emperors Court being more graciously and especially entertayned then before or then euer any would take knowledge Ambassadors were vsed withall we are honorably attended home and a Duke of great account named Knas Euan Euaâ—â—owich Courlâ—teâ— was attended with many of the Emperors seruants within our Gates following him a dinner sent from the Emperor by some two hundred persons consisting of three hundred seuerall dishes of Fish for it was now Lent of such strangenesse greatnesse and goodnesse for their number as it were not to bee beleeued by any report but by a mans owne eye-sight with infinite store of Meades and Beere in massie plate c. The eighteenth of March the Emperor sent by Vassilly â—râ—gâ—râ—wich Tâ—lâ—pnoâ—e the Roll wherein was the Demands of the Ambassador and the particulars of the whole negotiation as there at large appeares The nineteenth his Maiestie sent 〈◊〉 Mâ—nshoy Buldâ—coâ—e vnder Treasurer a royall Present to the Ambassador of many particulars also to each of the Kings Gentlemen being rewarded he departed The twentieth of March being honourably accompanyed with thousands of Gallants of each side the streets all along as we passed the Ambassador departed from the Citie of Mosco with the whole numbers of horse-men still becking vs till we came a shore mile on this side the Citie where we made a stand and after some complement betweene the Ambassador and his
Mosco shall not be suffered to passe further that if Iohn Merricke with his fellowes and seruants doe not goe for England but after their Market is ended doe purpose to come backe againe to Mosco that then at the Castle of Archangell Timophey Matphewich Lazaroue and our Secretarie Rohmaneeu Voronaue as also at all other our Castels and Cities our Generals Secretaries and all other our Officers shall let passe the English Merchant Iohn Merricke with his fellowes and seruants without all stay or hinderance and as for custome of them their goods or their seruants there shall not be any taken And after the Reading of this our Letter and Passe you shall keepe the Copie of it by you but this you shall deliuer backe againe to the said Iohn and his companie Written at our Campe at Molodone the yeare from the beginning of the World 7113. the eighteenth of Iune The last of Iuly 1605. at Archangell The Copie of the translation of a Commission that was sent from the Mosko from the Emperour DEMETRY EVANOWICH alias GRYSHCA OTREAPYOVE by a Courtier named GAVARYLA SAMOYLOWICH SALMANOVE who was sent downe to the Castle of Archangell to Sir THOMAS SMITH then Lord Embassadour as followeth THe great Lord Emperour and great Duke Demetry Euanowich of all Russia hath commanded Gauareela Samoylowich Salmanoue to goe to Vologda and from Vologda to the new Castle of Archangell or wheresoeuer he shall ouertake the English Ambassadour Sir Thomas Smith Also when he hath ouertooke the Ambassadour then Gauareele shall send the Ambassadour his Interpreter Richard Finch willing him to certifie vnto the Ambassadour that the great Lord Emperour and great Duke Demetry Euanowich sole commander of Russia hath sent vnto him one of his Courtiers in regard of his Maiesties affaires and after some two houres respite Gauareela himselfe shall ride to the Ambassadour and deliuer vnto him his Maiesties speeches as followeth THe great Lord Emperour and great Duke Demetry Euanowich of all Russia and of many Kingdomes Lord and commander Hath commanded thee Thomas the English Ambassadour to certifie vnto Iames King of England Scotland France and Ireland that by the iust iudgement of God and his strange power we are come and succeeded into the place of our Father and predecessours as also we are come to the throne of the great and famous Kingdome of Vlodemer Mosco and to the Empire of Cazan Astaracan and Siberia and of all the Kingdomes of the Empire of Russia being an Empire belonging to the great Lords Emperours and great Dukes of all Russia Moreouer we calling to memorie the sending loue and amitie betwixt our Father the great Lord and Emperour and great Duke Euan Vasilywich of all Russia of famous memorie as also our Brother the great Lord and Emperour and great Duke Feoder Euanowich of all Russia sole commander with their sister Elizabeth Queene of England in the like manner doe we purpose to haue sendings and to be in loue with your Lord King Iames and more then hath bin in former time And in token of our said loue and amitie we doe intend to fauour all his subiects in our Land and to giue vnto them freer libertie then they haue had heretofore and you his Ambassadour we haue commanded to dispatch without all delay or hindrance Therefore we would haue you to make knowne vnto your Lord King Iames our Maiesties loue And as soone as God shall grant the time of our Coronation to be finished and that we are crowned with the Emperiall crowne of our predecessours according to our manner and worthinesse then we the great Lord Emperor and great Duke Demeetry Euanowich of all Russia sole Commander will send our messenger to salute each other according to the former manner And concerning those Letters which were sent by you from Borris Godenoue we would haue you deliuer them backe againe to our Courtier Gauareela and after the deliuerie of our speeches to returne him to the Emperour vnder written by the Chancellour Ofanasy Euanowich Vlaseou The Copie of the Translation of a new Priuiledge that was giuen to the Company by the Emperour DEMEETRY EVANOWICH otherwise called GRYSHCA OTREAPYOVE the which Priuiledge was sent into England ouer-land by OLYVER LYSSET Marchant and seruant to the foresaid Company GOD the Trenitie before and without the beginning the Father the Sonne and the holy Ghost establish vs to hold and keepe our Scepter and Realme for the good of our Land and the happinesse of our people Wee the resplendant and manifest and not the miserable vpholder but sole commander the great Duke Demetry Euanowich by the mercy of God Casar and great Duke of Russia and of all the Empire of Tartaria and many other Kingdomes as also of the great Monarchie of Mosco Lord Emperour and Commander Haue bestowed and gratified vnto the English Merchants viz. Sir Thomas Smith Knight Sir Iohn Spencer Knight Sir Humfrey Wild Knight Robert Doue Robert Chamberline William Garaway Iohn Haruey Richard Stapers Iohn Merricke Richard Wryght Richard Cocks Thomas Farrington Richard Wych George Bowles Bartholomew Barnes Richard Bowldra Iohn Casten Edward Chery Thomas the sonne of Alexander alias Hicks we haue giuen them free liberty to come with their ships into our Realme and Dominion and to the Country of Dwina to the Castle of Archangel and to Colmogro with all maner of commodities and to trade freely as also to come from the sea side by land or by water to our great dominion and Caesars City of Mosco great Nouogrod and Vobsko and all other cities within our dominions to trade with all manner of commodities in the same forme and manner as heretofore was bestowed on the English Merchants in the time of our father of famous memory the great Lord and Caesar and great Duke Euan Vassilywich of all Russia sole Commander and as was granted vnto them in the time of our Brother the great Duke Theodor Euanowich of all Russia sole Commander And as for custome of their goods or for passing by as also for the custome of their boates or for Head-money or for going ouer bridges or Ferryes or for entrie of goods As also all manner of Custome whatsoeuer we command shall not bee taken of them Also the English Merchants shall not bring nor sell other mens goods in our Dominion as their owne neither shall our Subiects buy or sell or traffique for Also our Subiects pawnes they shall not keep by them nor send others about the Cities to buy goods but what Cities they come into themselues they shall trafficke and sell their owne commodities and buy Russe commodities freely And when they come into our Dominion of great Nouogrod and Vobsko or to any other Cities within our Realme to trafficke with their goods and that after the market is past they shall bee desirous to passe for Mosco or for England then our Gentlemen and Gouernours and all people shall according to this our Caesars Letter let them passe without delay
before you haue seene tragedies of Princes and Grandes And first you may reade King Charles his compact and promised stipend to such voluntaries which for the more vnderstanding Readers delight I haue here inserted NOs Carolus Noâ—us Dei gratia Suecorum Gothorum Wandalorum Finnonum Coreliorum Lapporum Conanorum Esthonumque in Liuonia c. Rex Notum facimus quod illustrem generosum nobis syncere dilectum Dominum Iacobum Spentzium Baronem Wolmerschonium in ministrorum nostrorum numerum clementer receptum omnium qui nostris nunc militant aut in posterum militaturi sunt auspicijs Anglorum Scotorumque ducem praefectum constituimus ea conditione vt in nostrum Regnique nostri vsum pedâ—tes mille equites quingentos spectatae virtutis milites conscribat adductosqueâ—â—unte vere ad 12. scilicet Maij sequentis Anni 1609. in Regno sistat Cuâ— nos ad dictos milites tam colligendos quà m in regnum traducendos in pedites quidem nouem in equites vero quatuâ—r thalerorum imperialium millia quingintos assignaâ—iâ—â—â— Cum autem in regnum praefatus militum numerus appulerit illis si equos arma subministraâ—erimus ea peditum quidem singulorum dimidij equitum vero duorum de cuiusque stipendio menstruo thalerorum singulis mensibus donec pro armis equis nobis satisfiat detractione soluentur Ipsi duci primario Peditum vero singulis cohortibus quarum quaeuis ducentis Capitaneo caeterisque officiarijs vna comprehensis constabat mille septingentos thaleros in mensem dabimus Equidem autem cohors quaelibet centum equites continebit Quod si pauciores fuerint quot personae in prima lustratione defecerint totidem thalero menstruo Capitaneorum Equicumque Magistrorum stipendio detrahentur In sequentibus vero lustrationibus quae singulis mensibus semel institui debent si qui forte interâ—a ex hac vita decesserint aut alio quocunque modo militum numerus fuerit ita diminutus vt pedites cuiusque cohortis ducentis pauciores sint non tamen in eam paucitatem redactus vt ad tuendum ornandumque vexillum modo militari pedites â—â—pares inueniantur Capitaneâ— nihilomiâ—us stipendium integrum ad sex menses persoluetur quod si postea defectum non suppleuerit ipse officio Capitanei carebit pedites ipsius per caeteras cohortes ad earum supplementum distribuentur Equites vero cohortis cuiusque si centum pauciores fuerint Magister equitum nihilominus donec numerus sexagenario maior fuerit stipendium integrum consequetur idque ad sex menses duntaxat His autem exactis nisi praestitutum centum equitum numerum suppleuerit ipsâ— munere suo priuabitur equites per caeteras cohortes distribuentur Magistro equitum centum Vicario seu locum tenenti quadraginta Signifero triginta Decurioni viginti singulis ductoribus viginti cuique buccinatori sex Equitibus vero singulis duodecem thaleri in singulos menses munerabuntur Dicto autem duci generali vt sequentes officiarios sibi adiungeret clementer â—ermisimus Vicarium generalem cui quadringintos praefectum vigiliarum cui nonaginta Secretarium cui octoginta Praetorem cui sexaginta Praefectum aâ—nonae cui sexaginta Pastorem cui sexaginta Chirurgum cui quadraginta Archicustodem cui quadraginta Inspectorem armorum cui quadraginta Tympanistam cui sedecim florenos in singulos menses promissimus Primus autem stipendij mensis intra decimum quintum diem à militum in regnum aduentu inchoabitur Liberam quoque habebit praefatus dux Primarius plenamque iâ—statiae exercendae potestatem in omnes suo imperio subiectos idque in omni criminis genere excepto 〈◊〉 lasâ— Maiestatis Peditum cuique subsidij loco thalerum vnum Capitaneis autem reliquâ—s officiarijs stipendij singulis designati dimidium Magistro militum duodecim Eius Vicario octo signifero sex cuique Decurioni quatuor singulis ex tribus ordinum ductoribus tres Buccinatori vnum cum dimidio singulis vero equitibus duos in septimanam thaleros dabimus Semestri quolibet exacto habitaque â—ccurata supputatione quod de menstruo stipendio reliquum est eis persoluetur habita tamen ratione numeri quem in singulis delectibus seu militum lustrationibus Capitanei equitumque Magistri exhibuerint Quod si dux militibus suis secundum aliquod praelium fecerit aut arcem vrbemque aliquam vi expugâ—auerit eo ipso die quo id contigerst priore finito nouus mensâ—s inchoabitur Liberum quoque erit Ducibus singulis quoties necesse erit â—â—cohortium supplementum adducendum aliquem mittere qui dum absens erit stipendium sicum nihilominus consequetur pro singulis autem qui in supplementum adducti fuerint decem thalerâ— numerabuntur Quod si in praelijs velitationibus excubijs aut alio quouis casu quenquam ducum aut militum in hostium potestatem venire contigerit idque non spontanea deditione aut alia ratione subdola fraudulenta accidisse compertum fuerit is alius suae conditionis statusque captiui permutatione liberabâ—tur Hostium vero aliquis si captiuus ad nos nostriue exercitus Ducem à quoquam eorum perductus fuerit quod pro suâ— liberatione captiuus praetium spoponderit id ei qui captiuum duxerit numerabitur Quod si quisquam horum militum pila ictus tormentaria aut alio quouis modo mutilus aut mancus euadit ita vt ipse sâ— alere victumque quaerere nequeat illi à nobis pro vt cuiusque requirit status conditio honestum stipendium per omnem vitam suppeditabitur sin vero diutius in hoc Regno nostro commorari noluerit tum vnius mensis accepto stipendio integrum ei erit quo libuerit commigrare Cum cohortes siue simul siue seperatim exauctorabuntur singulis officiarijs militibus mensis vnius numerabitur stipendium Si aut praefatâ—â—s primarius aut alius inferiorum Ducum vel Officiariorum à S. R. M. Britanniae accersetur persoluto quod tunc forte restabit stipendio ipsoque duce remunerato libera dabitur discedendi facultas In quorum euidentiorem fidem manus propria subscriptione Regiaeque nostri sigilli appensione praesentes muniuimus Ex Regia nostra Stocholmensi die 7. Octobris Anni Millesimi sexcentesimi octaui Subscript CAROLVS ABout a fortnight before Midsummer which was A. 1609. a companie of Voluntaries to the number of a thousand and two hundred Souldiers were at seuerall times shipped from England to passe into Sweden to aide the King of that Countrie in his warres against the King of Poland To which aide diuers other Nations did likewise resort as French high Dutch c. Of the English Companies that went thither the first was commanded by one Caluine a Scot who by appointment was made Lieutenant Colonell and chiefe of the other Captaines ouer the footmen After the first Companie was gone a second
fidelitie and for keeping their oath alreadie giuen Therefore after many circumstances they inferred that they would presently send their Messengers to the generall Parliament but mooued with the perswasion of the honorable Lord Generall to wit that his Maiestie would bee contented with their fidelitie once made and performed vnder oath and with their griefe for the same cause and will cheerefully forgiue them and doth not refuse to giue his Sonne to raigne ouer them Adding withall that many Kingdomes to wit the Kingdome of Hungarie the Kingdome of Bohemia and a great part of Russia doe earnestly request that he would receiue them vnder the happy gouernment of his Maiestie that they might enioy the priuiledges of Poland and Litow to which none in the whole world can be compared But because his Excellent Maiestie as a Christian Lord reiecting all other Kingdomes and Dominions will graciously receiue vnder his Rule and gouernment the said Dominions and that he is sorry for their destruction he therefore now admonisheth them if they will bee vnder his prosperous Rule and enter into an vnion together with the Kingdome of Poland and the great Duchy of Litow and liue friendly with them if they will performe and consent therevnto His Excellent Maiestie promiseth to remit their offence and to receiue them vnder his happy gouernment and authoritie and refuseth and by no meanes will alter or change their faith and conscience or places dedicated vnto God or builded for deuotion neither will impose on them any other Religion or alter their ancient Manners or Customes but will bestow on them priuiledges and offices and that the Rights and Priuiledges which the Poles with the great Duchy of Litow doe enioy shall be conferred on them and that they shall be equalled with the Kingdome and great Duchy of Litow c. which iurisdictions and priuiledges in former times their Predecessors wanted For this perswasion therefore of the honourable Lord Generall which he had in charge from his Maiestie to make they yeeld all thankes but notwithstanding they propound and plainly adde that their oath shall be so that his Maiesties sonne shall succeed in their gouernment with certaine additions to wit that they will haue none other ouer them but onely his Maiesties sonne and that the whole Land doth make it knowne and propound their iudgement and sentence by way of denunciation that by no meanes but by offering his Maiesties sonne these troubles of Moscouia can be extinguished Adding withall that at that time in the first troubles when the honourable Lord Generall came into the Country of Moscouia and required the oath for the Kings Maiesties sonne if his Maiestie had made any mention thereof it is certaine that the Commons and all the Nobilitie would not haue consented thereunto by any meanes and that greater effusion of bloud had risen thereupon And that they had taken for their Prince Klutzinsky called the Wor to whom all were not assembled who also at that time had a great power of men as well of Poles as Russes and Litowes They therefore seeing the great discord amongst the people taking counsell did freely choose for their Lord and Emperour his Excellent Maiesties sonne vnto whom they had a great affection and who had a long time before layen in their hearts assuring themselues also that by this election of his Maiesties sonne many troubles and dissentions would be pacified and so reiected the aforesaid Wor Klutzinsky As also they receiued into their chiefe Citie the chiefe Generall But when it was heard that his Excellent Maiestie would by no meanes giue vnto them his sonne for their Lord and to rule ouer them they fell into such effusion of bloud and insurrections As also the same time the whole Country of Moscouia looked and expected nothing else then his Maiesties sonne Calling to memorie for their better aduice that it was to be feared least whilest his Maiestie came too late with his sonne diuers parts of the Land should choose vnto themselues seuerall Lords As to the Southward the Castles Strachen and others to the King of Persia part of Pomerland and Siberia to the Kings of Denmarke and England Nouogrod Plesco Iuanogrod and others to the King of Sweden and that the other Cities would choose to themselues other Lords separate from the rest In the meane season they desire his Excellent Maiestie to make a speedy end of these warres according to his Obligation and promise ratified by the oath of the honorable Lord Generall and the whole Armie and that his Maiestie himselfe with his sonne would come into Moscouia They request also that his Excellent Maiestie would retayne with himselfe and his Sonne Counsellors and Messengers of their Commonwealth for the ordayning and concluding of perpetuall Conditions They request also that his Maiestie in the name of his Sonne would send vnto all the Inhabitants of the Townes and write vnto the seuerall Cities signifying his comming into their Dominions and willing that out of the seuerall Prouinces all sorts of men send their Messengers to treate and conclude of the affaires of all sorts of People and of peâ—petuall tranquillitie Promising after the said Charge and Letters to all people in generall and notifying from their said Lord that by Gods grace there may bee throughout the whole Land of Moscouia tranquillitie peace and securitie To conclude they pray heartily vnto the Lord God to grant vnto his Maiestie in this businesse begun a prosperous and speedy end Thus haue wee seene dissolute resolutions or resolute dissolutenesse men onely constant in inconstancy resolued vpon irresolution As we often see sicke persons turning euery way and no way eased in the night time longing for day and in the day for night such was now the Russian sicknesse they would and they would not and yet would againe and againe would not they scarsly knew what or why fluctuating in an inward storme of diuersifyed hopes feares desires distracted affections no lesse then in that outward broile of State For it was not long that they looked toward Poland whether for breach of conditions of that part or out of inueterate hate to the Pole or their Nationall iealousie and distrust of Strangers or a naturall inconstancy they fell off from that Prince and their Chancellor Father to the now raigning Emperour employed there with others in Embassage were detayned thereupon prisoners It is also reported that they made secret ouertures to His Maiestie of Great Britaine and that Sir Iohn Merick and Sir Willam Russel were therein employed but the strong conuulsions and sharpe agues and agonies of that State could not or would not endure the lingring of such remote pâ—isicke the wheele of Things being whirled about before such a Treatie might admit a passage of Messengers to and fro Once that Russian Head grew so heady and giddy that at last it bred innumerable Heads yea the whole Body became Heads in the worst of tyrannies a popular
arriued at the East Indies especially the English seated commodiously for that discouerie and to reigne ouer the Northerne and Westerne Ocean haue herein beene more then industrious Doctor Powell in his historie of Wales saith that Madoc sonne of Owen Guyneth left the Land in contention betwixt his brethren and prepared certaine ships with men and munition and sought aduentures by Sea sayling West and leauing the Coast of Ireland so farre North that hee came vnto a Land vnknowne where he saw many strange things There hee left many of his people An. 1170. and returned for more of his owne Nation and Friends to inhabite that large Countrie going the second time thither with ten sailes This westerne Land is like to be some part of the West Indies though the vniuersall sauagenes of those parts make it questionable where But he which seeth how some of our English in small time haue growne wilde in Ireland and become in language and qualities Irish few of whom doe in exchange become ciuilized and English euen as healthfull men are easier infected in a contagious aire then sicke men recouered in that which is wholsome and sound will not wonder that in so many Ages the halfe ciuilized Welsh amongst Barbarians without succession of Priests and entercourse of these parts might wholly put on feritie Meredith ap Rise a Welsh Poet which liued before Columbus had begun his discouerie hath these verses Madoc wyf myedic wedd Iawn Genau Owyn Guynedd Ni finnum dir fy enaid oedd Na da Mawr ond y moroedd that is Madoc I am the sonne of Owen Gwynedd With stature large and comely grace adorned No lands at home nor store of wealth me please My mind was whole to search the Ocean seas Columbus also sent his brother Bartholomew to King Henrie the seuenth to make offer of his seruice in the New-Worlds discouerie which fell by the way into the hands of Pirats whereupon pouertie assaulted him with sicknesse in a forraine Countrie so that hee was forced to get somewhat about him by making of Maps one whereof had this more ancient then elegant inscription Ianua cui patria est nomen cui Bartholomaeus Columbus de Terra Rubra opus edidit istud Londonijs An. Domini 1480. atque insuper anno Octauo decimaque die cum tertia mensis Februarij Laudes Christo cantentur abundè Whose Countrie Genua is whose name Bartholomew Colon de Terra Rubra this worke set forth new At London A thousand foure hundred eightie Februarie thirteenth sing praise to Christ on height One of these Maps hee presented to King Henrie with the said offer who cheerfully accepted the same and sent to call his brother into England who before he could effect it was imployed by the Kings of Castile Columbus his fortunes awakned others industrie amongst the rest Iohn Cabota a Venetian and his three sonnes Lewis Sebastian and Sancius who obtayned a Patent of King Henrie the seuenth for discouerie with fiue ships with English Masters Mariners and Colours also the same to erect in whatsoeuer Lands vnknowne before to Christians to hold the same to them and their Heires as Vassals and Lieutenants to the Crowne of England paying the fifth part of their gaine at Bristoll c. In the yeere 1497. Iohn Cabot a Venetian and Sebastian his sonne these are the wordes of the great Map in his Maiesties priuie Gallerie of which Sebastian Cabot is often therein called the Authour and his Picture is therein drawne with this Title Effigies Sebast. Caboti Angli filij Io. Ca. Venetiani Militis Aurati c. discouered that Land which no man before had attempted Iun. 24. about fiue in the morning This Land he called Prima vista primum visam or first seene because that was first descried from Sea That Iland which lyeth out before the land he called Saint Iohns Iland because on that feast day it was discouered The Inhabitants weare beasts skins and as much esteeme them as we doe garments most precious In their warres they vse Bowes Arrowes Pikes Darts Clubs of wood and Slings The soile is barren in some places and yeeldeth little fruit but it is full of white Beares and Stags of vnusuall greatnesse It aboundeth with Fishes and those great as Seales and Salmons Soles also an elle long Especially there is great store of those fishes which they call commonly Bacallaos There breede also Hawkes as blacke as Rauens Partridges and blacke Eagles Thus wee see New-found Land discouered by English Ships Mariners and iurisdiction Sir Sebastian Cabot for his English breeding conditions affection and aduancement termed an English man thus reported of this voyage That vpon occasion of the admiration of Columbus his voyage into the East where Spices grew by the West so rife then in the Court of King Henrie the seuenth there arose in his heart a great desire to attempt some notable thing And vnderstanding by the Sphere saith he that if I should saile by the North-west I should by a shorter Tract come into India I thereupon caused the King to be aduertised of my deuise who immediately commanded two Caruels to bee furnished with all things appertayning to the Voyage which was as farre as I remember in the yeere 1496. in the beginning of Summer I beganne therefore to saile toward the North-west not thinking to find any other Land then that of Cathay and from thence to turne toward India But after certaine dayes I found that the Land turned toward the North which was to me a great displeasure Neuerthelesse sayling along by the Coast to see if I could finde any Gulfe that turned I found the Land still continent to the 56. degree vnder our Pole And seeing that there the Coast turned toward the East despayring to finde the passage I turned backe againe and sayled downe by the Coast of that Land toward the Equinoctiall euer with intent to finde the said passage to India and came to that part of this firme land which is now called Florida where my victuals fayling I returned towards England the tumults and preparations of warres against Scotland caused that then no more consideration was had to this voyage Whereupon I went into Spaine c. By the King and Queene there he was set forth and discouered the Riuer of Plate and sayled into it more then sixe score leagues After this he made many other voyages c. Sir Seb. Cabot was after by King Edward the sixt constituted grand Pilot of England with the annuall stipend of one hundred and sixtie six pounds thirteene shillings and foure pence and was Author of the Russian and North-easterne discoueries Fabian in his Chronicle A. R. Hen. 7.14 hath this testimonie This yeere also were brought vnto the King three men taken in the New-found Land in William Purchas time being Major These were clothed in beasts skins and did eate raw flesh and spake such speech that none could vnderstand them and in their
vertues the best how knowne how bred in the beast an admirable thing of their growing 969.10.20 see also 878.40 Bialogrod in Moldauia taken by the Turkes 633. Bigaypotim the Chinois Father of Gods 269.20 Bihaos a tree of Indiâ— the vse 984.50 Bildih in Mediâ— â—45 Variation of the Compasse there 246.20 Bils of Exchange to bee receiued in Heauen 271. 277.1 Bi r a Castle in Syria 123.50 Birch tree a Wine made of it 231.10 Birch tree onely growes in Island of a fragrant sent 649.30 Bird with a Looking-glasse on his head 1021.10 Birds of the West Indies 979. c. 995 Birds without feet how they fit others as small as Bees 965.20 Birds breeding in the frozen Cliffes 513.10 Not afraid of men their manner of Nests and laying ibid. Birds that dispeopled a Countrey 254.1 Birds and fishes bought to let go 271 10 Birth-day of their Prince the Tartars yearely obserue 84.30 The solemnitie of it 84.30 His Subiects send Presents to him 84.40 Birth-dayes Festiuall in China 202.10 394.1.180.60.374 60 Biscayners fish at Greenland forbidden by the English 717.50 718.719 Bishops in Russia sometimes chosen out of the Nobilitie 769 20. 791.10 Bishopâ— of Russia be fix their Iurisdiction 446.40 Their Gentlemen Commissaries ibid. Their 〈◊〉 their Chapter of Priests or Synod ibid. Their Reuenues and their Habit 447.1 Elected by the Emperour 〈◊〉 of them chosen out of Monasteries vnmarried and shorâ—e ibid. They preach but twice a yeare their Sermon ibid. Bishops of Island 645.30 Bishops of Island vnder the Archbishop of Nidrosia in Norway 651.30 Bishop of Groneland ibid. Bâ—snagar the greatnesse of the King 138.30 Bittacle in a ship what 582. marg Bitter a Sea 〈◊〉 what 565. marg Bitumen in a Myne of Cuba ships talked and houses built with it 994.1 Blacke sheepe preferred by the Tartars 441.50 Blacke Foxe the chiefe Furre of Russia 748. c. Blacke Point 474.50 Blacke Carpet at the Coronation of the Great Chan 111.30 Blacians or Hacians an olde people where 18.60 Whence descended 19.1 Blesse the Greeke Bishops doe with two fingers 445.50 Blessed bee the Lord God of Israel vsed in the Russian Seruice 450 40 Blinghead in Orkney 827.40 Bloud dranke at a peace-making 285.1 Bloud rained 198.30 Bloud-letting in India the manner 992.10 Bloud-letting for the Deuils seruice in Mexico 1014. 1035.30 Blubber is the fat of Whales 470.60 The Blue Sea 234.10 Boats of fish skins and bones excellent 610 Boats of Seale-skins 817.60 Boats on Russia of hollow trees 777 20 Boats of Groneland swifter then ships 835. Sewed with sinewes or guts ibid. Bocara or Boghar in Bactria 66.10 in marg Boghar a Citie in Bactria 239.10 Persian tongue spoken there ibid. The Priest deposes the King ibid. King not aboue three yeares 239 50. The Copper money there ibid. The commodities sold at Boghar 240.20 The Citie besieged 241 10 Boghar or Burgauia 312.10 Bogus or Hispanis the Riuer in Podolia 632.10 Runs into Boristenes 633 Bohemia entred by the Tartars 61.1 Bothol the Iland 285.30 Bondage for debt the manner of it 217.10 Voluntary for pure need ibid. Bones feasting one another each New Moone 275.20 Peoples Oblations to these bones ibid. Bonzi of China their dotages 346.1 Bonzi are inferiour to the Mandarines 347. Held the basest people of China 359.20 Bonzi the Iaponian Priests 323 50. A Military order of them ibid. Bookes made of the leaues of trees in New Spaine 1052.10 Boots an Ensigne of Magistrates in China and the Ceremony about them 333.10 Boots the Bryde in Russia pulls off the Brydegroomes and the Ceremonie of that 230.10 Boots and Shoes embroydered in China 176.60 Shoes of Straw 177.1 Borichen the Ilâ— by Hispaniola 998 30 Boris Pheodorowich his great Offices Reuenues in Russia 742 10. His Present to Queene Elizabeth 743.60 His power 744 40. And policie to become popular 745. Made Emperour ibid. Modestly refuses the Empire Accepts it 745. His Wife Son and Daughter Coronation Expedition against the Crim Tartars His policies The beginning of his disasters Seekes a Wife for his Sonne out of England 746 Desires a league with King Iames. Dies suddenly Would bee new Christned before his death 751. His care of his Sonne policies c. 752. His Wife and Son poysoning themselues the Daughter liues 753.50 His Patent to the English Muscouie Merchants 754. Reports of his death diuers 757.1 Buriall ibid. Boristhenes the course of it 633 20 Bornaholm consigned to the Lubeckers 631 Botta a strange head tire of the Tartarian women 6.60 7.1 Bougiusky sometimes Secretary to Dâ—metrius of Russia almost starued there Relieued by the English 780.40 Escapes into England and is relieued 782.10 Boy of Clay wrestling and playing trickes with a liuing Boy 349.40 Boyes of Mexico their bold hunting of Serpents 1043.10 Boyes put betimes to earne their liuings 105.20 Boyling Fountaines in Groneland 751.40 Boyling meates in Gourds by casting in a burning stone to the liquor 922.10 Boxe of curious art wrought in Iapon 325 Bralapisacon a Hauen 253.20 Bramble-berries cure the loosenesse 517.1 Brames the people Lords of Pâ—gu c. Rich in Gold and Rubies 169.40 Bramenes most true Merchants 105.50 They liue a hundred and fifty yeares ibid. Their Discipline ibid. Bramenes are Witches The names of their Gods which they worship 166.30 40. Themselues yet aliue are worshipped for Gods 166 50 Their authority ibid. Their degrees of Religious men 167.1 Branding of Theeues in China 395.20 Branding for Theft in Island 651 10 Brasile would not grow at Venice 104.1 Brasile Prouince the latitude discouery temperature soyle chiefe Traffique Plantations by Portugals and their Latitudes their Ports Riuers c. And their Latitudes â—03 Braslaro in Podolia 632.10 Brazen Serpent and the Mystery of that represented in China strangely 274.10 Bread the Tartars mocke vs for eating it 232.50 Bread the Chinois eate not commonly 365.40 Rice sodden instead of it ibid. Bread of Wheate without crust how made 365.50 Bread of Straw in China 230.50 Bread very bitter in Ormuz 72.1 Bread of Roots and barke 416.1 Bread made of fish sod and dryed 537.40 Bread of the West Indies 953.954 Bread sodden in the reeke of water 365.50 Bread baked in Oxe dung or in Horse dâ—ng 34.30 Bread Corne vnknowne in Island 646.30 Bread and drinke none where 223.20 Breaking the Scutcheons or day of mourning 252.40 Breath holden halfe an houre together 953.1 Brewing with Holy-water in Russia 456.1 Bribery in course of Iustice how preuented in China 185.10 Brickes preferred before stone in China 34.20 Bridge an admirable one 295.30 299.50 89.1 199.30 Bridge made with men purposely kild 628 Bridge of naturall stone 990.30 Bridges of Straw 1056.30 Bridges of Haire and Straw where 934.50 Bridges 12000. In one City 98 Bridges see Toll M. Briggs his Treatise about the probabilities of the North-west Passage 852 Brimstone euery where digged in Island 648.10 649.20 Bâ—ises see East winds 858.30 A Philosophicall reason for them ibid.
Boris his time 750.1 A false Victorie ouer him bruited at Mosco His Letters to the Nobilitie at Mosco after the death of Boris 752. His Messengers tortured 753.20 Acknowledged for the true Dâ—metrius by a Priuie Counsellour ibid. 40. His pretences 755.60 His Ayde from the Pope and Poland 756. Makes himselfe knowne first to the Iesuites in Poland 576 10. The Conditions of Assistance Is ayded by Poland his first fortunes A Priests bastard his prayer before any Battell is defeated and defeates Some places yeeld to him 757. His proffer to Boris refused hee and Boris impeach one another of Magicke ibid. 30. Gets the Empire his first Acts in fauour of the Poles and Iesuites 575. Sends for a Wife into Poland offers a League against the Turkes His Letter to the English Agent and passe to him Fauours the English 758. His true name ibid. 20.40 Sends to certifie the King of England of all Commands the Emperour Boris his Letters to King Iames from Sir Thomas Smith Grants a new Commission to our Merchants 759. 760. His Articles of Contract with his Wife 761.30 c. Her Ioynture His promise to bring in Poperie both Crowned a Conspiracie against him his Guards of forreyners quarrels betwixt the Polish Ambassadour and him 762. Proued an Impostor by his owne witnesse Is slaine in a Conspiracie his Carcasse contumeliously vsed his Wife the Poles ill vsed 763 His vices ript vp his Parentage and Education His person and manners 764. His intention for change of Religion hee trusts Strangers his Visions before his Death which is reported another way 765. His Acts and death described by his Successour which begins Page 765 Derbent new Fortifications built by it by the Tartars 126.50 Desolation false layd downe in the Cart 596. An Iland in the West of Groneland 597.60 Desolation or Groineland 463.60 Desire prouoketh the Land 596.40 Desseada the Latitude 858.30 Diadem of the Kings of Peru 1054.60 What and how worne 1055.1 Of the Mexicans 1062.50 Diall in China 346.30 Diamonds store in Shar by Bactria 800 Diamonds found 109.20 Diamonds where and how found 105.40 Dice-play frequent in China 395.20 Digges Iland the Latitude 609.60 The South-Sea open to that ibid. Dingo a Russian Coyn worth a Pennie 522.20 Dinie a Fruit eaten for Drinke 236.40 Diraford in Island 597.40 Discoueries of Spaine and Portugall by East and West meete at China and the Philippinaes 939 Discouerie of a Passage in 47. Degrees from the South Sea to the North Sea 850 Disease of the Spaniards hearts cured by Indian Gold 1111.1 Disputation of Frier William with the Idolaters Nestorians 41.50 42.10 c. Displing vsed by the Mexicans in their Lents 1035.50.60 Distances of the chiefe Harbours betwixt Spaine and the Indies 858.859 Dithmar Blefkins his Trauels to Island 643. Into Groneland 651. Almost killed with the Mountaine Hecla 635. Passes into Portugall ibid. Diue-doppers strange ones in Iseland 647.50 Diuell could doe nothing when a Christian was by 45.20 Diuell inuoaked in a Tempest 308.60 Answers to the Chinois 309.1.10 Worshipped 283.10.196.30 And why 201.50 The West Indians familiaritie with him his Imposture and Sacrifices hee hath his Consulters and Pythagorean Monkes the manner of their Coniurations 973.974 Images of his his threatning of Tempests c. 974. For what end hee foretells things to come 1020.30 in margine Hungry for Mans flesh 1039.10 Diuels carrying away men in Cathaya 24.50 Diuell painted white and their Idols blacke where 105.40 Diuels consulted with in China 395.60 Diuels carrying away Men 75.20 79.50 Diuell how worshipped a Shipboord by the Chinois 318.20.30.40 His power in Island 646.10 Diuine Apothegine of the King of France 61.20 Diuinitie thought by the Indians to be in any thing that was rare in its kinde 1028.30 Diuinations of the West Indians 1043.50 Their trickes 1044.1 Diuiners are the Tartarian Priests 8.30 Called Can 14.50 Diuination vsed in China 369.10 Diuorce for barrennesse vrged in Russia 744.30 Diuorce in Mexico and the Conditions 1044 40 Diuell is insupportable 1026.10 Diuiners are the Tartars Priests 22.30 Like houshold Chaplaines ibid. Their Offices ibid. 40 Diuinations by sifting of Dust 38.50 Diuination in Tartarie by the shoulder bones of Rammes 31.20.30 c. Diuell imitates Christian Ceremonies 331.50 Dialâ— going with water strangely 409.30 Dialling first brought into China 329.60 339.20 Diet of the Chinois 365.50 Dying of Colours in the West Indies a strange way 985.1 Dyes of China naught 366.40 Dyuers for Pearles how long they hold their breath 953.1 Dyuing an houre together 972.40 Doctors title before their doores in China 370. They are the Noblest people 371.10 Their resolution to doe iustly ibid. Doctorship a great Dignitie in China 347.20 Doffraefiall Mountaine in Norway 661.20 Dogs eaten in China 381.40 Dog-Fish barkes 650.30 Dogs dung vsed to expell Poyson 92.10 Dogs of Groneland described vsed to draw like Horses 838.40 Dogs dearer then Children in Iseland 649.40 Dogs drawing in Sleds their swiftnesse 524 Dogges the Indians companions 963.10 Dogs how drest and eaten in China 179.10 Dogs draw their Carts in Albania 16.20 Dâ—lgoi Iland vpon the Riuer of Pechora 532. See also pag. 538.50 Two of that name ibid. 20 Domingo Citie in Hispaniola described the distance from Spaine Latitude Villages about it and their seuerall distances first peoplings Commodities c. 861.862 St. Domingo Citie in Hispaniola described 993 Dommes Haff a Bay 223.20 Dono a title of Honour in Iapon 324.20 Dor a Cathayan King and his shee Court 89.20 His Penance ibid. Doshnikes or Boates in Russia 243 10 Dowries great in Russia 454.1 Dragon the Armes of the King of China 392 Dragons in the West Indies 976 10 Dragons the Chinois superstition about them 395.60 Dragons 91.50 How taken 92.1 Their Gall medicinable ibid. Drie Sea by the Riuer Pechora 532.60 Drinke made of Rice Mill and Honey 4.50 And of Mares milke 5.30 And of Cowes Churne-milke 9.10 Drinke hot in China 366 1 Drinke-Offerings in China 392.1 Drinking-games 392.30 Drinke of Rice excellent 25.50 Like white Wine 27.50 Drinke of the Mexicans to procure ioyfulnesse before Death 1049.10 Drinkes hote in China good for the Stomacke and the Stone 391.50 Drinking Feasts of the Tartars 4.30.40 c. Musicke at them 4.60 Drinking Feasts of the Islanders 646.60 Drinking away ones selfe Children 225.60 Dâ—oina Riuer in Russia Nauigable one thousand miles 744.10 Dronden in Norway is Nidrosia An Archbishops Sea 651.30 Drugs of the West Indies the kindes and vses 959.40.50.960.1 Drums huge ones 438.1 Drums to make their Horses goe 226.1 Drummes vsed in stead of Bells 1049 Drunkards are for the Emperours seruice in Russia 431.40 Why they increase 432.40 Drunkennesse not punisht in Tartarie 32.30 Duckes going and returning at sound of Drumme 270 Duckes how fedde in China 174.40 Artificially bred ibid. Sir Dudley Dâ—gges his Cape the Latitude 846.40 Duina the Riuer 213.60 223.50 Duina the Riuer 415.40 Duina the Riuer where it falls into the white Sea 522.20 Duke
ibid. 499.50 Foxes black in Groneland 819.40 Frankes why the Westerne Christians are all called so 319.20 in marg Franke tongue spoken in Turkey what it is 140.50 Why so called ibid. in marg Fredericke the second Emperour married our Henry the thirds sister 62.40 Free-Schooles in China 276.1 French Poxe the first beginning of it 996 French Disease and cure common in Island 647.60 Frenoima in Iapon 323.60 Fresh fish pretily carried about in China 179.20 205.50 Fretum Hudson the extent of it Westwardâ— 852.60 And Southwards 853.10 Fretum Dauis discouered 464.1 Fretum Dauis a great Bay no hope of a Northwest passage that way 843.20 Store of Whales there ibid. The latitude 845.1 Freezing violent and incredible 491 Frisland the Ile 610 Frobishers Streights discouered 463.20 Sir Martin Frobishers three Voyages ibid. Frogges in engendring time eaten by the English at Sea 602.1 Frogges men ouercome made to personate them a prety story of it 1017.1 10 Frost in 63. degrees in America in Iuly 611.60 Frost at Midsummer in Groneland 846.30 Frost Iland and Sound in Groneland 820. 826.1 Frozen liquors lose their strength where that strength lies 493.10 Fruits of China 381.30 Fruits of West India there sorts and qualities 995. Those of Europe thrine better there ibid. See 958 961 Fryer Andrew in Tartary and when 16.10 25.10 Fryer Iohn de Plano Carpini in Tartary 17.1 Message and Precepts to the Tartars 60.1.10 His iourney into Tartary Cyprus and Persia 29.10 Fryer Matthew in China 314.30 316.30 Fryer Nicolo Dauicenzâ— and Fryer Guilmo de Tripoli sent for as Preachers into Tartary with Papall authoritie 67.20 They dare not proceed 67.30 Fryer Martine de Herrada goes into China 290 Fryer vnholsome meat to the Canibals 865.49 Fryers of Mugalla shorne and chast 800.1 Fryers quarrels in the West Indies vndid the Country 996.50 Fryers of the Papacie imitated by the Heathen Mexicans 1035 Fryers sent into China 290.40 Their names and company ibid. Their kind vsage in the ship 291 20. And at their landing in China 291.60 292. Their allowance of Diet 293.1 They are carried on mens shoulders 293 60. They receiue Presents of Silke 203.30 294.50 Made to kneele before the Gouernours of China 296.40 298.20 300. They chide with Omaacon about it 301.30 Certificates hanged at their doores 301.40 Carried in Chaires suffered to view the Citties 302.50 Restrained 303.10 Not permitted to see the Vice-roy ibid. Not suffered to buy Bookes of China 303.50 Suspected for Spies 304.1 Discouraged ibid. A Councell called concerning them ibid. Commanded to returne to fetch the Pâ—rat Limahon 305.1 Ships prepared for their departure 305.50 They depart 306 20. Prouisions for their Voyage ibid. 307.20 A storme takes them at Sea 308.309 They recouer toâ— Manilla in the Philippinaes ibid. Fryers in Russia their numbers none admitted but he that brings them some maintenance 448.40 The manner of their inuesting they vow to absteine from marriage flesh their riches and exercise of Merchandise 448.50.60 Their ignorance 449.10 Fryday much obserued in Russia 422.60 Frydayes fasted by them 21â— 1 Except the weeke after Lents 227.50 Fucaes Discoueries of a Passage 850. Ill rewarded in Spaine 850.40 Funerals of the Chinois 393.30 See Buriall and Mournings 99 30 Funerals and mournings of China 367 60. 368.20 181.50 Funerals of the Norwegians 617 20 Funerall Feasts of the old Islanders 664.1 Funerall Rites in Tanguth 75.50 76.1 10 Funerals of the Mexicans 1029.50 continued ten dayes Their Funerall Scutcheons Musicke c. 1030.1.10 Furlongs in China their proportion 341.60 Furniture of the China Houses 392.1 Furres great store 107.1 Where each best 416.10 Furres of Russia 213.60 Paid to the Emperour of Russia 430.20 Furres in Groneland 521.10 Furres and Beauer in New-found-land 586.10 Furres blacke Foxe is best 459.40 Fyrdafylce a Dukedom in Norway 656.40 Fyre where it is not so bright or hote as in other places 74.30 Fyre worshipped in Teray 242.50 Kindled by rubbing of sticks 983 Fyre perpetuall in the Mexican Temples 1014 Fyre put out euery fifty two yeares at Mexico 1050.40 1067.40 Fyres in the Earth in Island the reason 643 Fyres seene after a storme at Sea 728.20 Fyre-blower of Hell 267.1 Fyre-brands frozen 220.60 G GAme of the Prince the Tartars forbidden to destroy 86.20 Ganges the Citie where 49.20 Gardens floating on the waters 1006.40 Garlike much vsed in the Russian Cookerie 457 Gardarsholme a name of Island 654.40 Gates are the strength of the China Cities 301 Gaui a people the posteritie of those that slew Saint Thomas the Apostle they cannot come or be carried neere his Tombe 105.1 Gauil-kind in Russia 422.1 Geese perfect red where 484.50 Thought to be Barnacles ibid. Geese pretily catcht by the Indians 994.40 Gehennon the place of Molochs Sacrifices described 665.30 Geirhildawarta whence so named 654.50 Gelding of Beggars in Island 666 30 Gelding of themselues in Fasting where fed 1035.50 Gâ—nesis 2.6 Naturally expounded 892.20 in marg See also p. 895.40 937.50 Genoesi inhabit Taurica Cheâ—sonesus 635. 636 Geneâ—als in China their pompe 293 10 Gâ—nerals in Ruâ—sia purposely chosen vnmartiall men and why 436.30 How that remedied ibid. His vnder Officers Marshals Colonels and Captaines ibid. Generals of the field enâ—blized in Russia their children write themselues Generals 425.30 Their precedencie ibid. Gentiles where 232.1 30 Gentlemen their Estates in Russia 425.50 Gentlemen in Russia none but Souldiers 435.20 Gentry of Norway described 631 1 Georgians their name is Curgi 49 10 Saint George is the Duke of Muscouies Seale 221.40 Saint Georges Armes is the Hellespont 53.10 George Barkley his trauels 625 50. His going into Denmarke ibid. Into Prussia the Easterlings and Russia 628. Into Poland 629. Into Bohemia Silesia Prussia and backe into England Norway c. 630. His other trauels 631. Dyes at Bantam Georgia called Zorzania 69.50 The King is alwayes called Dauid Melicz ibid. The Inhabitants described 70.1 Georgians ouercome by the Tartars 113.40 Georgia diuided into two kingdoms 110.30 Whence called Alania or Albania ibid. The Cimmerian darknesse in Georgia ibid. Geologers in China 396.1 Germanes forbidden to winter in Island 650.40 Germany when first peopled 662 20 Geta the Riuer on the Frontiers of Cataia the way thither out of Russia 530.10 20 Ghospel expounded at dinner time 218.10 Giants bones found in Peru 889 40 Giants the Iland of them where 992.51 Giants of old in Mexico 1002.1 Giants first Inhabitans of the North 661. Their originall from Canaan Some in Norway Denmarke Suecia Iuitland Island c. ibid. A discourse whence and when they came one lately found fifteene Cubits long ibid. Giants described 261.20 Giazzo the Hauen where 51.40 Giazza in Armenia 66.60 The Merchandise there 69.40 Gideli 311.50 Gilhsidi in Russia wonne from the Tartars 518 Gilan the Prouince 244.30 Gilding Gold fairer with an herbe 972.1 Gilbert a Scottish Captaine his Acts in Russia 764. 770 Ginger where it growes 284.50
Varieties of their tempers and tasts 932.50 Lambri a Kingdome of Iaua 104.1 Lamps before Tombes in China 265 266.1 Land in 73. degrees Noâ—th not mentioned in any Sea Card 568.40 Called Hold with Hope ibid. A temperate land ibid. The Sun is long together aboue the Horizon there 569.20 Lands set apart for sacred vses in Peru 1056.60 Lands in Pâ—ru how the profits are distributed according to each mans necessity 1057.30 Langa and Solanga a Tartarian people 23.20 Their habits ibid. Langenes in Noua Zembla 474 30. 513 1 Land-lords Iudges ouer their Tenants 216.40 Language of China discoursed vpon 384 Language and writing the same through all China 101.50 Language of Island is the pure old Goâ—ish or Nâ—rwegian 658.1 Languages forty seuerall ones spoken in so many Castles in Kersoua 2 Languages diuers in Persian Prouinces 74 Language of Russia different from the Polish 761.30 Laos Siones Maons a great Kingdome where 168.20 Hath Muâ—ke and Gold ibid. Their complexion and habit ibid. A mighty Riuer amongst them a wonder of that 169.1 10 Lipland the length and breadth 443.50 It hath two sorts of people ibid. To whom subiect Their poore liuing some are wild and the greatest witches in the world 444. Excellent Bowmen and Gunners their Commodities and Faires 444.1.10.223.20 Laplanders their miserable liuing 516.1 Their swiftnesse 517.30 Laque a Perfume in China 196.1 Latitudes which the Spanish Fleets obserue in going and comming to the West Indies 924. See Courses and Nauigations Laua Riuer in Russia his mouth and fall into the Lake Lodiga 794 40 Laulo the Iland 307.50 Lautimey in China fired by the Tartars 278.40 Law of Nature the Iesuits hope that the Chinois were saued by it 396.60 Law altogether studied in China 185.20 Lawes made by Kings in China 387.40 Law-sutes in China most about their Buriall places 368.50 Lawes of Island some rehearsed 666.667 c. Lawes in Russia 435.20 None written but all speaking Lawes ibid. 216. 217 Lawes of the Tartars 443.1 Lawyer none may plead in the West Indies where his Kinsman is Iudge 913 Lawyers bribes taken and giuen to honest men 276 Lawyers forbidden to goe to the Spanish Indies and why 998.30 Lawing of the Russes the order 433.40 Their seuerall Courts and Iudges ibid. Lawing vnknowne to the Tartars 639.1 Saint Lawrence in Canada discouered 463 Saint Lawrence Bay 477.20 The latitude ibid. Lâ—uzu a China Sect 398.40 Their Legends and Fooleries their Paradice ibid. Lay-Commissaries to Bishops in Russia appointed by the Emperour 446 40. They ouer-rule the Clergie ibid. Lead Myne in Cherry Iland 558 50. 564 Leafe in India that heales a broken Arme prâ—sently 986.40 Learning only giues Wealth Honour and Nobility in China 367.40 Learning feared by Tyrants 447 30 Leaue-rites in Curland 628.10 Lechias a rare Fruit in China 178 50 Left-hand most honourable where 373.20 Left-hand noâ— vsed to touch their meate with it where 105.1 Legends and Prophesies the effects of them 1021 Legend of Huiunsuns killing the Dragon and flying into Heauen 337.20 Legend of Leus 398.40 Legges Armes heads c. Offered by sicke Men to their Idols 271.1 Lent-time to the people of the East 34 20 Lent the Armenians and Nestorians eate no fish in Lent 35 20 Lents foure in a yeare 217.60 227. They begin on Munday the endings of all foure 218.1 No flesh nor White-meates eaten in Lent 218 Lents foure in Russia and when and how 456 Leopards vsed like Hounds 80.50 Leprous people are Toll-gatherers in Tartary 10.50 Lequios Ilands by Iapan and China rich in Gold c. 906.50 See Lucaios Lesgi a Tartarian people 12.50 Their border 16 10 Letany of the Tartars for their Prince 85.10 Letters of the Islanders 646.30 Letters of Demetrius of Russia to the Nobility 752. Of him to the English Agent 758.20 Letters of Mexico their manner 1135.10 Letters of Almeida to Eâ— Sand 330.40 Of Longobard and Taiso 343.40.344 Of Pantoia to Luys de Guzman 350 Letters of the Visitor of Concheo in China to the Gouernour of the Philippinaes 309. The answere to them 310. Of Ierome Xauiere 310.50 Letters of the Russian Emperour 221 Letter of the Duke of Brabant concerning the Tartars 60.50 And of the Emperour to the King of England 61.30 Letters of the Tartarians to the French King 45.50 To the Pope 59.30 Of one Tartarian Prince to another 59.50 Letters the West Indians ignorance of them they thought the Spaniards Packets of Letters could speake 994.50 Letters about businesse of Greenland fishing 731.732.733.734.735.736.737 Letters vnknowne to the West Indies 1051.40 Letter of Sir Humphrey Gilbert from New-found-land 808.50 Of Iohn Rut a Mariner to King Henry the Eighth 809. Of Albert de Prato to Cardinall Wolsey 809. Of William Baffin to Master Wostenholme 843 Letters of Master Locke to a Greeke Pilot and their answers 851 Letters of Suiskey Emperour of Russia to our King Iames 765 Of English Merchants concerning Russian troubles 780. Of Doctor Hall 781 Letters of Xauier the Iesuite 318.10 Of the King of Bungo to the Pope 322.30 Of the King of Arima to the Pope 323.20 Of the Iaponian Tyrant to the Spanish Viceroy 324 Lettow is Lithuania 624.50 Leuca Iland where 633.10 Leuconia where 53.40 Lewfoot Ilands 212.10 222.50 Lewis in Orkney 827.40 Lezards are Crocodiles Liampeo where 190.50 Liampoo a Portugall Towne in China raced by the Chinois 259.50 Libanus inhabited by Christians 122.20 Lice sold for meate in Mexico 1133.10 Lice eating men to the bones 614.40 Lice forsake Saylers and finde them againe comming to the same place 975 Licence written on a board 292.20.299.20 Licotice where described 233.1 Liefland how diuided betwixt the Russe the Sweden and the Pole 627.60 Light-Dogge of the Indies his strange heauinesse described 966.50 Sings musically 978.50.60 Lignum Aloes where it growes 102.60 103.10 Lignum Guacum or Sanctum the vse and where it growes 938.10 Lignum Sanctum better for the French Poxe then Guyacum 998.30 Lignum vitae or Guayac whence brought 959.60 See Guacum Life much studied in China 369.20 Lying in China is prudence 339.10 Lima Citie in Peru. See Los Reyes Limahon a Chinese Pirate 286.50 His Storie 287. A mighty Fleete made out against him ibid. How hee came to the Philippinaes ibid. Goes to surprise the Spaniards there ibid. Comes before Manilla 288.1 Burnes the Citie ibid. Seates himselfe on the Riuer Pangasinan and erects a Fort ibid. 40. The Spaniards ioyne against him ibid. They set vpon him at two seuerall places 289. Heâ— flees to his Fort they besiege him three Moneths ibid. His fiue Stratagem to escape 289.30 308.30 Omoncon the Chinese comes with Commission to take him ibid. Lime and Stone built withall in China 292.10 Lincin in China 352.60 Linna or the Frier of Linne his Story 624 Linnen and â—â—perie of the Cotton-tree 1132.40 Lions taught to Hunt like Hounds 85.20 And Leopards and Wolues ibid. The maâ—er of it ibid. Lions how slaine 94 40.50 Lions
makes the Iesuits preuaile in China 328 Monster of the Sea a stupendious one 997 Monstero seene in Mexico 1021 10 Monsters of Brasse 266.20 Monstrous Statues 267.1 Monsons 307.50 Monsul the Country 105.40 Months of the Mexicans 1135 30 Month of the Mexicans of twenty dayes 1050.10 Months of Peru which of theirs answere to which of ours 1045 1046 Moone seene continually after October the 24. where 494.40 Moone the Chinese keepe the Change solemne 392.40 Moone accounted Heauen 277.1 Moone at the Full welcommed with Fire-workes 394 Moone the yeare reckoned by it in Tanguth 77.10 In Iapon 323.20.40 In China 199.10.344.30 The Tartars reckon by it 28.50 Moores some in China 207.10 Slaues trade into China 362.1 Moores giuen to coozenage 285 40 Morauyon the Riuer in the West Indies the head course and mouth 868.20 Mordwit Tartars most barbarous 442.40 Hee worships and sweares by for his God that which he meets first in the morning ibid. Kils his best Horse when his Friend dyes why ib. Mâ—rdouits the Countrey receiues Christianity 232.1 Morses or Sea-horse-fishing 465 20. His description and manner of killing him 472 Morses roare and make a noyse 557 10. They cast their teeth ibid. Their manner of fighting 558 30. They come not on land while any Ice is neere the shoare 559 One brought aliue into England docible 560.50 Morses teeth where taken 214.1 The vse of them 417 49 Mortar vnknowne to the Indians 1056.10 Mortar made of Pumice-stones 651.40 Motezuma King of Mexico his grauitie seemes to refuse the Kingdome 1018. Is elected his valour and extreme pride 1019 His prodigality seuerity and policie would bee worshipped as a God is foretold of his ruine his Visions and Prodigies 1020. Taken by the Spaniards pag. 1023 40. Forsaken of his Subiects slaine 1025. See also pag. 1121 1125. c. Mother and her Daughters 478 50 Mothers kindred married withall in China 394 Mosco the City and Countrey 214 20. Described 225 Mosco the City the way from thence to Vologda 224. From thence to Boghar in Bactria 231 30 Mosco the City the beginning and description of it Scituated in the edge of Europe and Asia 418 40. Burnt by the Tartar ibid. Greater then London ibid. The miserable spectacle at the burning 439.50 Claymed by the Tartar Mosco greater then London 214 20. Stands in 55. degrees 10 minutes 415 Mosco City the gouernment 427 20. Taken in by the â—oles Lost againe 780.1 The way by land from thence to Emden 743.50 The distance from Vologda 744.1 747.10 Mosco the Riuer looses his name in the Occa 231.30 The Riuer hallowed and the manner 455.40 Giuen to sicke folkes ibid. Moscoby the people 280 30 Moscumbia a Lake 261.1 Moses foure last Bookes not read in the Russian Church and why 452.30 Mosul the Prouince where 69.50 Mosul the City now Seleucia 110 50 Mourners are a trade in Ormuz 71 60 Mourners beare no Office in China 327.40 Mourning the time of forty dayes in Russia 741 Morning Religion in China 345 1 Mourning in China with course Woollen next the skin 182.10 Mourning in white 368.1 It holds for three yeares in China ibid. And why 393.30 The manner of it They change their Habits Vtensils Paper and names ibid. See pag. 393.30 Mourning Garment in Spaine is blacke Bayes in China white linnen 368.1 Mount Hackluyt 730.10 The Latitude and Variation ibid. Mountayne the highest in the world where 74.20 Mountayne remoued by a Shoâ—maker A Holyday in memory of it 70.40 Mountaynes wonderfull in Island 648.10 In the middle Region or burning Mountaynes vnder the Torride Zone make it more temperate habitable 936.1 Moxel a Tartarian people 12.30 Nothing iealous ibid. Moxul or Mosul the seuerall people in it Their Silkes 70.1 Muc a people of Catay 23.40 Their manners ibid. Mules vsed to packes in China 295 20 Mules for the Streets in China 342.20 Mulibet or Hasassines in Cathaya 39.20 Mullas what 313.30 Multitude their inconstancy and folly 790.10 50. c. Mummeries of the Mexicans 1049 Munday the Russes begin Lent vpon 217.60 Munition House of the Kings of Mexico 1129 Murfili or Monsul the Countrey 105.40 Murthers ordinary in Russia Murders of the poore not accounted for by the Nobility in Russia 435 10 Murse is a Prince in Tartarian 233 20 Mus or Meridin the Nation 70 10 Musauites a Name of the Iewes 311.1 Musicke in China and their seuerall Instruments 181.10 Crano ibid. Musicke of China the manner 383.2 Musicke of the Chinois meane 371 1 Musicke of the Mexicans 1065.1 Musicke to comfort the dead 277 40 Musihet Mountaynes 16.1 Muscouia Merchants first setling 463.10 Their Patent 464.10 Muscouy Company their Names Patent and Priuiledges of trade in Russia 754. 760. They pay no Customes They are to sell by whole sale and not by retaile ibid. To sell their Wares themselues ibid. Wrecks at Sea not to be taken of them 755.1 English houses in the Cities Their packs not to be opened Iustice to bee done them by lot Disturbers of them to be punished 755. See also 758 760 Muscouie Merchants their losses at Sea 709. 712 Muscouia Merchants and East India Company ioyne in a Voyage 468.30 The Muscouia Company loose by it ibid. They dissolue and deliuer ouer the trade 469.30 Muscouia Company of Merchants their last Patent from the Emperour 802. c. Denied to trade for Furres 805.50 Muscouian Emperour his stile ordinary 215.10 At large 221.10 His Letters to King Edward 221. He is Heire generall to the Laity 216.10 And Abbots 218. Sits ordinarily in Iustice 228.1 Medleth not with Religion ibid. His treasure ibid. His broad Seale is the George 221 40. His Court on high dayes furnished with Merchants clad like Nobles 249.50 His huge plate ibid. His Presence Chamber and Dining Roome All men there in white and couered 214 His Seruice all in Gold He sends bread to euery guest in particular and the Ceremony and state of it He changes his Imperial Crowne thrice in a meale 215.10 See also in pag. 224.40 225. Serued by Dukes 225 His forces all Horsemen no Husbandmen nor Merchants Their Armes vndiscipline their hardy bodies and their hardy Horses ibid. Giues no pay 216.1 The reason of that 225.60 Their Law and Suites 216.40 Without Lawyers ibid. Triall by Combat 216.60 In case of debt 217. They hang none for the first offence 217.20 Very deceitfull and extreame poore ibid. Their Religion and Superstition 217.30 229. Most superstitious in their Grecian Rites ibid. Their fashions in the Church Their ignorance in the Lords Prayer Creede and Commandements ibid. Call vs halfe Christians ibid. Their Prayers As bodi pomele ibid. 229.10 They vse the Sacrament in both kinds ibid. 229 Their Oblations of Candles and Money ibid. They haue a Testimoniall to Saint Peter laid in their Coffin 218. Their foure chiefe Saints 218.1 Their strictnesse in Lents 218.10 Their Seruice at â—hurch thrice a day 218.10 Their Nationall vices 218.10 20. 225.
rung on it 275.30 New-yeares feasting like to our Christmasse lasts fifteene dayes 374.60 New-yeares gifts 343.30 New-yeares gifts in China 202 10 Nicaragua Prouince in the West Indies the Iurisdiction Commodities Tributary Indians Lake of that name Cities Riuers c. 880 Nicenesse ridiculous 375.20 Nidrosia is Dronten in Norway 651.30 A Prouince it is 660.1 Saint Nicholas the Russes great Saints his three hundred Angels 452.50 Saint Nicholas day how kept in Russia 553.40 Saint Nicholas the towne in Russia in 63. degrees 50. minutes 415 Nicolo and Maffio their Voyages to the Tartars 65.50 66. sons Ambassadours from Cublai Chan to the Pope 66.40 Returne to Tartary 67.40 They goe into India 68.20 Night none at all where 218.60 483.10 574. c. Night none in Greenland from May the three and twentieth to Iune the fourth 716.40 Night none in ten weekes together 580.50 Night one and twenty houres long 613.20 For three moneths together 617.40 Nights long in Island 647.30 When and when no night at all ibid. Night shall be as cleere as the day say the Chinois 275.50 Night see day Nightingales sweetest in Russia 415 10 Night-Sparrowes fight with the Bats in the West Indies 995 50 Nigua a small Indian Verminâ— bites off mens feet c. 975.50 Nilus in Norway 630.60 Nine a number of esteeme in Tartary 84.60 The reason 112.50 113.20 Nyse-Nouogrod in Russia 231 Nixiamcoo in China taken by the Tartars 278.30 Noahs Arke where it rested 50.10 The City Câ—mainum or Eight built in memory of it ibid. Armenian Fables of those Hilles ibid Noble Families decayed relieued by the Prince in Tartary 88 10 Nobles of Russia oppresse the people 421 60. They exercise absolute authority 422.40 The priuiledge lost ibid. Nobility of Russia their foure sorts 423.40 The ancient Houses enforced to write themselues the Emperours Villaines ibidem How still kept vnder and made away 424. The Names of the chiefe Families 424.50 The second degree of Nobles 425.1 The third and fourth degrees 425.30 Nobilitie of Russia are sometimes made Bishops They change their names then 769.20 Slaine 770 780.20 Nobilitie and power not suffered to meete in Ruâ—sia 436.40 Nobilitie of the Crim Tartars their Seruice in the Emperours Warres with two Horses 441 Nobilitie of China 346.50 Nocueran a Sauage Iland of Spices 104.10 Nombre de Dios first peopled and discouered distance from Porto bello 883.1 Noone sacrificed vnto in Mexico 1049.20 North not alwayes the coldest and why 472.30 474.10 North parts of Europe last peopled 661.50 North-starre from about the Aequinoctiall Line is seene very low 975.1 North-starre not seene in Iaua Maior 103.30 Where seene againe 106.20 North wind causes Raine in Africa 922. Where misty and vnholesome 923.10 c. North winds at certaine Monthes 307.50 308.40 North Sea which 858.1 The seuerall courses of Nauigation in it ibid. 600. iles in it 860.50 North and South Seas of the West Indies but eight leagues distant why not let one into another Where each begins 929. The Tydes of both rise encounter and retire at the same time 930.20 Northerne Seas and Passages why so long concealed the occasion of discouering that way 462.40 North Cape 223.10 The latitude 699.60 marg North Cape the variation there 574 60. The latitude 58.20 Northerne Passage beyond 80. degrees the probabilitie of it What ship conuenientest to discouer it 731.10 Voyages and Obseruations towards the North Pole 699 700. c. North-east Passages giuen ouer 463.20 North-east parts the right way to discouer them 529.40 North-west Passages attempted 463.20 The commodity of it 806 North-west Passage the greatest hopes of it 811.1 813.40 841.30 Discouered as farre as the latitude of 65. Deg. 26. Min. by Baffin 841.40 Hope 's another way 843. marg Sir Thomas Button satisfied the King concerning the hopes of the Passage 848.40 A Discourse about the probabilities 848.849 Concealed by the Spaniard 849. A Treatise of it by M. Brigges 852 Norus the manner of Norway 659 40 Norway some of the Coasts described 518. Barren 630.60 Norway sometimes subiect to England 621.50 Seuerall Expeditions of the English Kings thither 623. The King of Norway inuades England 623.20 Trafficke betwixt England Norway 623. Matthew Paris his Voyage thither ibid. Norwegians Expedition to the Holy-Land ibid. Monasticall Houses and Orders destroyed there and reformed 624. Peopled by King Arthur out of Brittaine 624.40 Norwegian Iles peopled by Brittaines 619.30 The people setled here ibid. Norwegian Antiquities some 656 40. 661.20 Norwegians their first breaking out and their exploits 644.50 Nosegayes a great present in India 958.60 Nosegay of Siluer giuen for a Reward 293.30 Noua Albion of Sir Fran. Drake 849.1 Noua Hispania first discouered why so named it is the North Indies the Natiue Commodities of it 860.30 40 Noua Hispania called the best Countrey in the World a high Land 935.60 Rich in pastures 937.60 The temperature Graine Siluer Mynes c. 870.40 The customes of the people 1000 Noua Zembla discouered 463.20 The Sea frozen there 473.50 Nothing green in it 474.1 How farre from the Low Countries 474.20 Why so cold 527.50 And why that way vnpassable 528.1 No passage that way to the East Indies 577.30 See also 578.40 579.30 The Hollanders misplace it in their Maps 579.40 Called Costing Sarch ibid. Whence the Ice comes thither 579.30 The Eleuation and Decliâ—ation of the Sun there 474.30 c. Ice there in Iuly and August 477.10 Ilands by it 478.60 The length of it 498 60. The difference in longitude from Venice 500.30 The longitude of Noua Zembla ibid. The distance from Russia 514.50 Day and Night for many Moneths together there 494. 505 The stretch of the Land from one point of the Coast to another exactly set downe and so forth to Russia 509 Nouda in China taken by Portugals 258. The rich spoyle 259 Noueltie China will admit none 197.10 Nouogrode or Gratanoue 214 10 Nouograd in Russia as bigge as London 418.60 The vsurping Slaues defeated here by the Whip 419.10 Noyses horrible in Island whence 649.1 Nunez the Iesuite his landing in China 319.40 His reportes of China ibid. Nunnes of the Gentile Indians 1034.20 They were either sacrificed or made Concubines ibid. And in Mexico and their Offices ibid. By what the people ghessed that the Nunne had bin dishonest ibid. Nunnes of the Chinois 274.40 Nunneries in the Greeke Church 449.20 Noble women thrust into them ibid. O O Come let vs worship c. The Psalme said before the Psalmes for the Day in the Russian Seruice-booke as we do 450 Oares like fishes finnes 354.20 Oathes of seuerall Nations 202 50 Oath of olde Island the manner 665.10 Oath of the Chinois 258.30 Oathes Witnesses in China not examined vpon and why 188.20 202.50 Oath vpon the Crosse 434.10 Vpon the Crosse and the Euangelists 795.1 Oath vpon the holy Fount 783.20 40. Vpon Wheate Eares 264.30 Oathes taken in Temples 397 40 Ob the Riuer in the
of a Biscay ship The fourth and fifth Whales killed The sixt whale killed Three hundred Morses Biscainers enuie The seuenth Whale killed The eight Whale killed The ninth and tenth Whales killed The eleuenth twelfth and thirteenth Whales killed Ascension day Greenland attayned in eighteene dayes A ship of Saint Iohn de Luz Eight Spaniards on the coast The Generall was Captaine Beniamin Ioseph after slaine in fight with a Carrike Dutch ship No night the 23. of May. Diuers strangers Lat. 78. deg 24. minut Ship of Biscay Snowe Greene harbour Low sound His Maiesties Armes and a Crosse set vp at Low-nesse Snowe Thomas Bonner English man Master and Pilot. 76. deg 55. min. declination 67. deg 30. min. Variation 12. deg 14. min. Abundance of Ice An Iland in 72 degrees on the Coast of Groinland Three and twentie whales killed A man slaine Latitude 78. deg 7. min. Note A South South west Moone maketh a full Sea here A Biscayn ship of 700. tuns Many rockes full of Fowle Lisets Ilands Eighteene Whales killed Three Whales killed by the English Eight thirtie Whales killed August 1. Latitude 77. degrees 40. minutes Variation 13. degrees 11. minutes Latitude 79. degrees 14. minutes This was Maâ— Cudners ship of London Latitude 79. degrees 8. minutes Sunnes refraction Note M. Cudner of London William Gourdon Variation 1. degree 5. min. Rost Ilands or Rosten 68. dâ—g no min. Thâ— variâ—tion 4 degrees 8. minutes East Variation 5. dâ—g 3. minutes East The lying of the land about Scoutsnesse We went forth to Sea We met with Ice in 75. deg 10. minutes Eleuen Sayles fast in the Ice M. Th. Sherwin Iune We goe cleere off the Ice Wee met with the Mary An-Sarah We came to the Fore land We proceeded to the Northwards Maudlen Sound Hackluyts Head-land We anchoreâ— in Maudlen Sound I went forth in a shallop We set sayle out of Maudlen Sound and followed the Ice Prince Charles Iland in 78. degrees 40. minutes Wee stood againe for shoare Eleuen Holland ships We anchored in Sir T. Smiths Bay We went forth of Sir T. Smiths Bay We were driuen backe againe into Crosse-road We set sayle out of Crosse-road One shallop to the Northward The other into Maudlen Sound The Kings Armes set vp in Trinitie Harbour Trinitie Harbor is vnder the parallel of 79. degrees 34. minutes We came to an anchor in Faire Hauen No Whales were yet come in The shallop returned from the Northwards Cape Barrèn Saddle Iland A Storme Iulie The Whales began now to come in Two Whales escaped We came forth of Faire hauen We met with Ice and stood to the Northwards Our Shallop came to vs. We returned towards Faire hauen We intended to discouer in Shallops I went forth in the one Shallop Master Baffin came to me in the other Shallop Red-beach Wee hailed our Shallop vpon the Ice We returned to our Shallop We were vnder saile and came to an anchor againe We killed a Whale August We went to the Northwards with our Shallops We got to the shoare of Red Beach with out Shallops We walked ouer Red-beach The Kings armes are set vp at Wiches Sound We passed ouer Wiches Sound We found Beach Finâ— We met with the Hartsease Shallop Note The end of Sir Thomas Smiths Inlet discouered We returned towards our Ship A storme began when we were amongst Ice We get forth of the Ice We came aboord our ship The Holland Discouerers go homewards Our Ship went forth to Sea We met with Ice eight leagues from the Shore We plyed off and on the Ice two dayes Wee anchored againe in the North Harbor I went to the Eastwards in a shallop Ice was newly frozen in Red-cliffe Sound I intended to go once to Point Desire A great snow began I could not passe for Ice The originall cause of Ice at Sea I went backe againe to Red-beach I returned towards our ship Point Welcome The Kings Armes are set vp againe at Point Welcome I went into Red cliffe Sound Point Deceit I came aboord our ship A Whale lay sunken fourteene dayes The Hartseasâ— anchored by vs. Warme weather in the end of August We set sayle to the Eastward The Thomasinâ— returnes for England We stood to the westwards Wee met with Ice We left the Ice and came for England A storme beganne A Corpo Santo It is often seen at the end of stormes Hackluyts Headland Perill and escape Note Errour of Grouland Fogges High Hill Drift wood Note Sir T. Smiths Iland Mount Hackluyt Hudsons Hold-with-hope questioned as before also Ships of the King of Denmarke Terrible Disaster Flemmings Peter Goodford drowned Cold and heate strangely variable Tobacco lighted by the Sun at midnight Gods mercy to England whiles warres haue infested thâ— rest of the World A. Thuan-bister l. 135. Iam. 3. Exod. 1. Al. Gwagninâ— descript Mosc George brother to the Emperor done to death Hee addes principal Nobles here omitted * 700. women at one time 378. prisoners at another 500. Matrons and Virgins of noble bloud exposed to be rauished by the Tartars in his sight at another time c. * A Secretarie cutting off his priuities he died presently which the Emperour construing to be done purposely caused him there instantly to eate whâ—t he had cut off * Or Theodor Sir Ierom Horsey The death of Iuan Vasiliwich 1584. April 18. Lord Boris adopted as the Emperors third sonne The day of Pheodor his coronation Iohn de Wale Chare Sibersky Prince of Siberia taken prisoner brought to Mosco Sophet Keri Alli King of the Crims arriuall at Mosco The new Emperor Pheodore Iuanowich his Lâ—tters and Requests to the Queene Master Horseys voyage from Mosco to England ouer land 1586. Thuan. hist. lib. 120. Diuorce vrged D. Fl. S.I.H. Boris his plot Thuan. hist. lib. 135. sec. Demetrius slain some tell that one pretended his colâ—er stood awry in mending it cut his throate * It was in the Northern parts at Duglets * Some write that he caused diuers places in Mosco to be fiâ—red and then afterwards out of his owne cost repaired them D. Flet. Death of Theodore The Empresse succeedeth Russians vse of fortie dayes mourning for an Emperours death The Queene turneth Nun. Boris his willing vnwillingnesse Boris his speech Boris Emperor His Wife Son Daughter Tartars Russian New yeere Boris crowned His policies P. Basman * Where the censorious bitternesse also seemeth too much to insult on Bâ—ris his dâ—sasters Tedious Title Strange request His audience P. Basman Emperours glorie Princes splendour Pollaxes Counsell and Nobilitie Plate Dining roomâ— Change of Rayment Two hundred Nobles guests Three hundred noble Seruitors Garlike and Onions Drinkes Meads Memory of Q. Elizabeth Gifts Newes of Demetrius Princes pomp Peter Basman Oucsinia the Princesse Second audience Citizens Souldiers Golden Seale Great dinner Ambassadors departure Sled-passage Emperor Boriâ— his death New christened Emperors person His respect to his sonne * Because he had done more for him then might lawfully be commanded
Peter Basman sent against Demetrius reuolteth Tumult of the Commons Demetrius his Letter * Thus heâ— but others ascribe this murther to Demetrius his command and this selfe-murther was pretended to auoid enuy of the fact Death of Mother Sonne Emperor Boris his Mosco Patent translated whiles Sir Th. Smith was there Lot Law Thu. li. 135. The Iesuites first authors or fâ—utâ—rs at least of this Demetrius Sigismunds fatheâ— Iohn was impriâ—oned by King Ericus 1564. Cossaks Zerniga Putinna yeelded The Palatine defeated Cistercians and Ieâ—uits Demetrius his confiâ—ent Prayer Demetrius his victorie Bialogrod Leptina Seueria yeelds Boris dyeth Some say that hee had vsed with Aqua vitae to poyson others Neque enim lex iustioâ— vlla est quam necis artifices arte perire sua * Some say of 60000. men Basman yeeldeth Demetrius commeth to Mosco his pompous entrance Poles aduanced Clemencie to Suiskey Respect to his Mother Iesuits Embâ—ssage â—o Poland Promise of Romish Religion Demetrius his Marriage Both crowned Conspiracie * I suppose this should bee Gilbert for one Captayne Gilbert I haue often heâ—rd of in that place of seruice which writ also commentaries oâ— these affaires which I haue much sought to little purpose in our Merchants hands Bloudie day P. Basman slain Demetrius taken and slaine Conâ—umelious vsage Poles slaine The Queene Merchants spoyled Russes slaine Suiskeys speech He is chosen Emperour The Deuill is often slandered and by ill willers bad is made worse And so perhaps by Suiskeys faction was this Demetrius The former part of this intelligence I found in Master Hackluyts Papers the later by conference c. Son oâ— Gregory Peupoloy See Suiskeys Letter following Occasion of ambition Boris ill gouernment Demetrius Emperour He is slaine Suiskey Emperour * This might be rumoured Others say hee was not of that but of very noble bloud See sup in Fletcher and Thuanus Demetrius his person described Some say that he was not like Demetrius and that he seemed a dozen yeeres elder but perhaps they mistake this for an other after Pretender calling himselfe the same Demetrius c. as after shall appeare a deformed man Captayne Gilbert Buchenskoy Stones rare about Mosco Captaine Gilberts report of a Vision Another manner of his death reported Coluga I find him called Shoskey Suiskey Ziska c. the iust translation and pronunciaâ—ion being hard League with the Pole He taxeth the King of Poland Allegations against the pretending Demetrius A Frier A Clearke Magician Greeke Church Flight to Letto m George Demetry of Owglits His murther Buriall Letters to Poland Polish aides Smeernoy sent Crim Tartar Another Messenger Mutation of Religion Romish Religion and Iesuites Large Empire of Russia See before Popes Letter Slaine burnt Election of Swisky Miracles Sir Iohn Merricke New Parent 1606. Thu. l. 135. Polish insolencies Choosing by lot Suiskeys vices The like is told of K. Edward the fourth that vpon prediction of one to succeed whose name began with G he put to death George Duke of Clarence his brother and yet Gloster succeeded A printed book 1614. tels of a great man named Tragus which betraied by one Glasco was arrayned and to preuent the furie of Suiskey stabbed himselfe c. Cap. Gilbert * Thuan tels that fourteene horses were missing in the Kings stable on the massacre day and hence was occasioned a suspicion of escape c. A strange Iuggler English aide Sweden Title Forraine aides to the Russes 1200. Souldiers shipped from England Colonel Caluine A tempest Another tempest of the mutinous vulgar They land in Pâ—tland Fish cheape Ignorant Bores Iealousie of thâ— people Griffin a base coward and traitor to his fellowes A wise Gouernour Two Ships Hard vsage Effects of drunkennesse Cruell cowardise and base iealousie King of Denmarks bounty Elzinore Stockholme Misery after misery Captaines cozenage Finland Dispersing Distresse by Frost Their miserable march into Russia Want of meate and of Water Russians runne away Nouogrod Polake enemies They fled Sconce taken with store of Armes Poles cruelties most execrablâ— Pontus le Guard They meet An. 1610. Base Russe flight P. le Guard fleeth French flee English honour * Some say he had 100000. which is scaâ—sly credible Mosco yeelded Second Demetrius slaine * Vnder the Lord Willâ—ughby Gen. Sir Iohn Poole c. A. Iansonius quindecies mâ—lle vasorum pul sul Suiskeys imprisonment and death Poâ—ish crueltie Their reward Eaters of mans flesh forced to eate mans flâ—sh * The Polish Vaâ—uâ—d whose daughter married Demetrie that was slaine who now had recouered libertie Russia â—poyled by Tartars * The Polish Vaiuâ—d whose daughter married Demetrie that was slaine who now had recouered libertie Russia â—poyled by Tartars a Generall of the forces of Suiskey in the field A Dane borne see Doct. Halls Epistles Euan Vasilowiâ—h Suiskey now raigning Thoâ—e of the Citie â—nâ—ly c Lieâ—â—â—nders that inhabit there * The second Demetrius which was soone after slaine by a Tartar * 161â— in English account The Poles in Moscoâ—esieged â—esieged by the Russes English house burnt Master Sâ— Southeby Dan. 2. 7. 8 Ap. 12.3 13.1 2. 17.1 Iud. 17.6 18.1 19.1 21.25 Iud. 9. Popular gouâ—â—nment in Russia Demetrius supposititius secundus Demetrij primi 〈…〉 Palaâ—â—â—filia De Baptismo repetendo Ruâ—eck Pheodor Euanowich Boris Godonoue Gregorij Eutropio Rostrige Demetrij Euanowich Primates Lord Palatin of Sandomire Vasili Euanowich Suiskey The Wor. Coluga Other Wors or pretenders Iuan Peter Pheodor The King of Poland The Lord of Praemislaue Michael Salticoue The Articles are before in Latin Vasili Galichin Galechin Halusia a Wor or Pretender Lepun Saruski The King assents Klutzinsky a Wor or Pretender acknowledged Emperour Astracan Laplandâ— Russian inconstancy Many-headed body Ianson A. 1612. Gods prouidence permits not the vtter ruine of Russia Strange alteration of affaires by a Butcher Pozarsky chosen Generall and a Butcher Treasurer Boris Liciu Micalowich Son to the Chancellor chosen Our Kings mediation His Fathers returne and Patriarkship Ianson Sir I. Merikes negotiation Sir Dudley Digs was also sent Embassador in a troublesome time when he could not with safetie passe vp to Mosco for the enemie in the first times of Micalowich Obliuion of former quarrels Michaelo Pheodorowich Emperor of Russia Gustavus Adolphus King of Sweden Great Nouogrod c. returned to the Russe Churches restored with their goods c. Sir I. Merike Ambassador Libertie of persons Time of deliuerie Odow to remayne cautionary Charles Philip Prince of Sweden not to lay clayme Zar or Czar is a Title of the great Duke Places yeelded by the Muâ—coâ—ite to the Sweden Money to be giuen to the Sweden Ordnance and Munition to remaine The coÌ„tract of V E. for Coreliu and the Territories confirmed to Sweden Commissioners oâ— both sides to meet The title of Leifland resigned by V.E. at Wiburgh Anno 7117. now confirmed Title to be giuen Commerce of Trade Merchants of both Kingdoms to haue houses and Churches in each