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highness_n do_v belong_v britannicae_n insulae_n or_o the_o empire_n of_o great_a britain_n contain_v land_n great_a and_o often_o mention_v in_o history_n britannia_fw-la divide_v by_o the_o roman_n into_o superior_n the_o high_a contain_v anglia_fw-it england_n cumeria_n wales_n inferior_a the_o nether_a now_o call_v scotia_n scotland_n hibernia_n ireland_n upon_o the_o west_n of_o britain_n lesser_o yet_o famous_a belong_v to_o england_n from_o it_o south_n close_o to_o the_o shore_n of_o britain_n vecta_n wight_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o france_n caesaria_n gersey_n sarnia_n gernsey_n and_o many_o other_o lesser_a west_n from_o the_o point_n of_o cornwall_n sillinae_fw-la silly_n anno_fw-la 145._o in_o the_o midst_n between_o england_n ireland_n and_o scotland_n monoeda_n man._n wales_n mona_n call_v of_o the_o english_a anglesey_n of_o the_o welsh_a tirmôn_n scotland_n lie_v from_o it_o west_n hebrides_n the_o west_n isle_n in_o number_n four_o and_o forty_o north_n orchades_n orkney-iles_a about_o
city_n a_o targhin_n be_v fourscore_o and_o ten_o mile_n this_o city_n targhin_n rise_v up_o high_a into_o the_o country_n about_o the_o space_n of_o ten_o mile_n from_o the_o city_n targhin_n unto_o the_o city_n b_o agrime_n upon_o the_o sea_n coast_n be_v fourscore_o mile_n from_o the_o city_n giarnmouth_n aforesaid_a the_o sea_n bend_v all_o at_o once_o northward_o in_o manner_n of_o a_o circle_n and_o from_o the_o city_n agrime_n afore-named_n unto_o the_o city_n c_o ephradik_n be_v fourscore_o mile_n this_o city_n be_v far_o from_o the_o ocean_n sea_n hard_o upon_o the_o border_n of_o the_o island_n of_o scotia_n which_o be_v notwithstanding_o join_v to_o the_o i_o will_v england_n from_o the_o city_n ephradik_n unto_o the_o fall_n of_o the_o river_n of_o d_o wyska_n be_v a_o hundred_o and_o forty_o mile_n e_o this_o wyska_n be_v a_o fortification_n upon_o that_o river_n up_o high_o into_o the_o country_n from_o the_o sea_n twelve_o mile_n from_o the_o city_n agrime_n 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in_o nubia_n for_o he_o there_o say_v that_o in_o this_o parallel_n there_o be_v two_o river_n call_v nilus_n whereof_o the_o one_o which_o be_v vulgar_o know_v by_o that_o name_n and_o be_v for_o difference_n sake_n call_v nilus_n of_o egypt_n run_v along_o by_o our_o country_n ______o ardiana_n from_o south_n to_o north_n upon_o who_o bank_n almost_o all_o the_o city_n both_o of_o egypt_n and_o of_o the_o island_n be_v build_v and_o situate_a by_o many_o place_n of_o this_o his_o work_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o he_o be_v a_o mussulman_n that_o be_v by_o profession_n a_o mahometan_a he_o live_v as_o i_o gather_v above_o five_o hundred_o year_n since_o present_o after_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o norman_n into_o england_n for_o at_o the_o second_o section_n of_o the_o four_o climate_n he_o write_v that_o when_o he_o write_v this_o his_o work_n roger_n be_v king_n of_o sicilia_n but_o whether_o this_o roger_n be_v roger_n the_o father_n son_n of_o tanchred_a the_o norman_a who_o 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that_o he_o have_v find_v another_o world_n suppose_v it_o to_o be_v of_o that_o wonderful_a greatness_n that_o it_o can_v nor_o possible_o be_v environ_v round_o on_o all_o side_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o rather_o that_o it_o contrariwise_o do_v enclose_v the_o sea_n and_o for_o that_o it_o lie_v so_o far_o remote_a from_o the_o south_n like_v as_o thule_n it_o be_v by_o poet_n and_o other_o ancient_a writer_n entitle_v vltima_fw-la britannia_fw-la great_a britain_n the_o far_a part_n of_o the_o world_n northward_o d_o ______o alnaama_n in_o avicen_n be_v a_o foul_a call_v of_o the_o latin_n struthium_n a_o ostrich_n as_o gerardus_n cremonensis_n his_o interpreter_n understand_v the_o word_n and_o indeed_o the_o south_n part_n of_o the_o i_o will_v the_o sea_n fall_v in_o between_o wales_n and_o cornwall_n do_v represent_v the_o neck_n and_o head_n of_o such_o a_o like_a fowl_n with_o the_o mouth_n gape_v wide_o open_a livy_n and_o fabius_n rusticus_n do_v liken_v it_o oblongae_fw-la scutulae_fw-la vel_fw-la bipennt_n to_o aswingle_v stock_n or_o sword_n which_o those_o use_n that_o dress_v hemp_n and_o flax_n to_o a_o twall_n or_o twibill_n a_o kind_n of_o warlike_a weapon_n use_v in_o fight_n by_o some_o nation_n and_o indeed_o the_o whole_a island_n be_v triangular_a triquetra_fw-la they_o call_v it_o but_o of_o unequal_a side_n which_o kind_n of_o figure_n the_o geometer_n call_v scalenum_n may_v also_o aswell_o as_o sicilia_n be_v name_v trinacria_n for_o from_o taruisium_n a_o promontory_n or_o forland_n in_o scotland_n now_o call_v howburne_n all_o along_o by_o the_o shore_n unto_o belerium_n the_o cape_n of_o cornwall_n be_v 812._o mile_n from_o whence_o to_o cantium_n the_o forland_n of_o kent_n be_v 320_o mile_n from_o thence_o again_o to_o howburne_n in_o scotland_n 704_o mile_n so_o that_o by_o this_o account_n the_o circuit_n and_o compass_n of_o britain_n be_v 1836_o mile_n which_o come_v much_o short_a of_o that_o account_n of_o pliny_n and_o be_v somewhat_o less_o than_o that_o of_o caesar_n e_o the_o first_o inhabitant_n which_o seat_v themselves_o here_o present_o after_o the_o universal_a flood_n in_o the_o day_n of_o noah_n come_v hither_o from_o france_n as_o necrenesse_n of_o place_n likeness_n of_o manner_n government_n custom_n name_n and_o language_n do_v very_o demonstrative_o prove_v and_o evince_v and_o thereupon_o they_o call_v themselves_o cumro_n as_o come_v from_o gomer_n the_o son_n of_o japheth_n call_v of_o historiographer_n cimber_n from_o who_o be_v descend_v the_o celiae_n or_o ancient_a gaul_n the_o inhabitant_n not_o only_o of_o france_n but_o general_o of_o all_o the_o northwest_o part_n of_o europe_n what_o think_v you_o then_o of_o that_o story_n of_o brute_n mary_n i_o think_v he_o want_v honesty_n that_o first_o invent_v that_o fable_n and_o he_o wit_n that_o believe_v it_o but_o john_n wheathamsted_n sometime_o abbot_n of_o s._n alban_n a_o grave_a learned_a man_n and_o of_o good_a
therefore_o they_o be_v of_o the_o english_a nobility_n for_o service_n prefer_v before_o the_o english_a yet_o of_o late_a here_o they_o have_v use_v themselves_o to_o dwell_v in_o city_n to_o learn_v occupation_n to_o trade_v as_o merchant_n to_o go_v to_o plough_v and_o to_o do_v any_o manner_n of_o business_n good_a for_o the_o commonwealth_n as_o well_o as_o the_o english_a nay_o in_o this_o thing_n they_o excel_v they_o that_o there_o be_v no_o man_n so_o poor_a among_o they_o but_o for_o a_o while_n will_v set_v his_o son_n to_o school_n to_o learn_v to_o write_v and_o read_v and_o those_o who_o they_o find_v to_o be_v apt_a they_o send_v to_o the_o university_n &_o cause_v they_o for_o the_o most_o part_n to_o give_v their_o mind_n to_o the_o study_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n here_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o those_o which_o in_o this_o kingdom_n do_v profess_v the_o civil_a or_o canon_n law_n be_v welshmen_n bear_v you_o shall_v find_v also_o very_a few_o of_o the_o common_a and_o mean_a sort_n of_o people_n but_o can_v read_v and_o write_v his_o own_o language_n and_o after_o their_o fashion_n play_v upon_o the_o welsh_a harp_n now_o also_o they_o have_v the_o bible_n and_o common_a prayer_n book_n print_v in_o their_o own_o tongue_n a_o language_n as_o we_o say_v use_v of_o their_o ancestor_n and_o whole_o different_a from_o the_o english_a and_o as_o in_o old_a time_n long_o since_o be_v a_o people_n as_o tacitus_n report_v impatient_a of_o the_o least_o wrong_n that_o may_v be_v offer_v they_o be_v always_o together_o by_o the_o ear_n and_o cut_v one_o another_o throat_n so_o now_o for_o fear_n of_o law_n to_o which_o they_o be_v more_o obedient_a than_o any_o other_o nation_n they_o will_v wrangle_v and_o contend_v one_o with_o another_o as_o long_o as_o they_o be_v worth_a a_o groat_n these_o few_o observation_n we_o have_v glean_v out_o of_o lhoyd_n to_o who_o we_o send_v the_o reader_n that_o desire_v more_o of_o the_o particular_n of_o this_o country_n sylvester_n gerrard_n a_o welshman_n have_v describe_v wales_n in_o a_o several_a treatise_n read_v also_o the_o journal_n of_o wales_n moreover_o william_n of_o newberry_n in_o the_o 5._o chap._n of_o his_o 2._o book_n have_v many_o thing_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o this_o country_n &_o manner_n of_o the_o people_n to_o these_o you_o may_v adjoine_v polyd._n virg._n &_o those_o thing_n which_o robert_n caenalis_n have_v write_v in_o the_o sum_n of_o his_o 2._o book_n de_fw-fr re_fw-mi gallica_n this_o cymri_n or_o as_o the_o english_a call_v it_o wales_n belong_v that_o we_o may_v here_o by_o the_o way_n say_v something_o of_o this_o by_o a_o ancient_a decree_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n elder_a son_n or_o daughter_n if_o he_o fail_v to_o the_o king_n heir_n i_o mean_v who_o be_v to_o succeed_v next_o after_o he_o and_o he_o be_v call_v assoon_o as_o he_o be_v bear_v the_o prince_n of_o wales_n and_o that_o in_o the_o same_o sense_n as_o in_o spain_n and_o portugal_n they_o call_v the_o king_n heir_n the_o prince_n and_o in_o france_n the_o dolphin_n jeffrey_n of_o monmouth_n write_v that_o in_o these_o part_n of_o wales_n near_o the_o river_n of_o severn_n there_o be_v a_o pool_n which_o the_o country_n people_n call_v linligune_n this_o say_v he_o when_o the_o sea_n flow_v into_o it_o entertein_v the_o water_n like_o a_o bottomless_a gulf_n and_o so_o drink_v up_o the_o wave_n that_o it_o be_v never_o full_a nor_o ever_o run_v over_o but_o when_o the_o sea_n eb_v the_o water_n which_o before_o it_o have_v swallow_v do_v swell_v like_o a_o mountain_n which_o then_o do_v dash_v and_o run_v over_o the_o bank_n at_o which_o time_n if_o all_o the_o people_n of_o that_o shire_n shall_v stand_v any_o thing_n near_o the_o pool_n with_o their_o face_n towards_o it_o so_o that_o the_o water_n shall_v but_o dash_v into_o their_o clothes_n and_o apparel_n they_o shall_v hard_o be_v able_a to_o avoid_v the_o danger_n but_o that_o they_o shall_v be_v draw_v into_o the_o pool_n but_o if_o one_o back_o shall_v be_v towards_o it_o there_o be_v no_o danger_n at_o all_o although_o he_o shall_v stand_v upon_o the_o very_a edge_n of_o the_o same_o this_o be_v the_o story_n i_o have_v name_v the_o author_n let_v he_o approve_v the_o truth_n of_o the_o same_o of_o mona_n the_o island_n upon_o the_o shore_n of_o this_o country_n thou_o have_v the_o opinion_n of_o humphrey_n lhoyd_n in_o his_o epistle_n which_o we_o have_v adjoin_v to_o the_o end_n of_o this_o book_n of_o this_o also_o john_n leland_n in_o his_o genethliacon_n of_o edward_n prince_n of_o wales_n thus_o write_v this_o island_n say_v he_o be_v conquer_v by_o the_o english_a change_v the_o name_n and_o be_v call_v anglesey_n that_o be_v the_o island_n of_o englishman_n polydore_n virgil_n a_o man_n of_o great_a read_n and_o good_a judgement_n in_o many_o matter_n be_v of_o another_o opinion_n he_o labour_v with_o all_o his_o force_n to_o prove_v menavia_n to_o be_v mona_n if_o the_o name_n which_o yet_o it_o retain_v if_o the_o city_n caernaruon_n which_o be_v over_o against_o it_o upon_o the_o main_a do_v take_v his_o denomination_n from_o hence_o and_o be_v call_v aruon_n for_o ar-mon_a if_o that_o same_o very_a short_a cut_v over_o of_o which_o the_o roman_a writer_n do_v speak_v if_o the_o nesse_n or_o promontory_n pen-mon_a that_o be_v as_o the_o word_n signify_v the_o head_n of_o mon_n if_o the_o huge_a body_n of_o tree_n and_o root_n cover_v over_o with_o sand_n which_o daily_o be_v dig_v out_o of_o the_o shore_n of_o tirmon_a if_o the_o firre-tree_n of_o marvellous_a length_n which_o in_o squal_o ground_n be_v here_o and_o there_o find_v within_o the_o earth_n in_o this_o island_n do_v not_o sufficient_o prove_v that_o that_o be_v ancient_o call_v mona_n which_o now_o we_o call_v anglesey_n i_o know_v not_o what_o to_o say_v more_o than_o that_o i_o have_v read_v this_o in_o the_o 14._o book_n of_o cornelius_n tacitus_n his_o annal_n excisique_fw-la luci_fw-la saevis_fw-la superstitionibus_fw-la sacri_fw-la etc._n etc._n felling_n the_o wood_n consecrate_v to_o superstitious_a service_n etc._n etc._n the_o same_o leland_n in_o another_o place_n have_v these_o verse_n of_o this_o island_n insula_fw-la romanis_n mona_n non_fw-la incognita_fw-la bellis_fw-la quondam_a terra_fw-la ferax_fw-la nemorum_fw-la nunc_fw-la indiga_fw-la siluae_fw-la sed_fw-la venetis_fw-la tantum_fw-la cereali_fw-la munere_fw-la praestans_fw-la mater_fw-la ut_fw-la à _fw-la vulgo_fw-la cambrorum_fw-la jure_fw-la vocetur_fw-la etc._n etc._n tyr-môn_a in_o former_a time_n thus_o witness_v writer_n old_a be_v full_a of_o stately_a wood_n but_o now_o li'th_v bleak_a and_o cold_a the_o soil_n be_v pass_o good_a of_o corn_n it_o yeeld'th_v such_o store_n that_o welshmen_n nurse_n it_o be_v call_v as_o we_o have_v show_v before_o etc._n etc._n cambriae_fw-la typus_fw-la auctore_fw-la humfre_n do_v lhvydo_o denbigiense_n cambrobritano_n aliquod_fw-la regionum_fw-la huius_fw-la tractus_fw-la synonyma_fw-la prout_fw-la latinè_n britannicè_fw-la &_o anglicè_fw-la etiemnum_fw-la appellanture_v cambria_n l._n cambrÿ_n b._n wales_n a._n venedotia_n l._n gwÿnedhia_n b._n north-wales_n a._n demetia_n l._n dÿfet_fw-fr b._n westwales_n a._n ceretica_n l._n ceredigion_n b._n cardigan_n a._n povisia_n l._n powijs_fw-la b._n dehenbart_n b._n sutwales_n a._n ireland_n ireland_n which_o the_o greek_n and_o latin_n call_v hibernia_n other_o iverma_n and_o jerna_n the_o irish_a themselves_n call_v eryn_n from_o hence_o stranger_n take_v it_o from_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o english_a which_o pronounce_v e_fw-la the_o second_o vowel_n with_o the_o same_o sound_n that_o other_o nation_n do_v sound_a i_o the_o three_o vowel_n have_v make_v as_o it_o seem_v irynlandt_n compound_v as_o be_v apparent_a of_o the_o irish_a erin_n and_o the_o saxon_a or_o dutch_a landt_n which_o afterward_o be_v contract_v for_o more_o commodity_n of_o speech_n and_o roundness_n of_o pronunciation_n into_o irland_n from_o whence_o the_o latin_n frame_v irlandia_n the_o first_o inhabitant_n which_o seat_v themselves_o in_o this_o island_n come_v hither_o as_o may_v be_v easy_o demonstrate_v from_o britain_n or_o england_n not_o from_o spain_n as_o some_o most_o absurd_o have_v write_v for_o the_o abridgement_n of_o strabo_n do_v flat_o call_v these_o islander_n britain_n be_v and_o diodorus_n siculus_n say_v that_o irin_n be_v a_o part_n of_o britain_n wherefore_o it_o be_v just_o of_o all_o old_a writer_n call_v insula_fw-la britannia_fw-la one_o of_o the_o british_a isle_n about_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 400._o in_o the_o day_n of_o honorius_n and_o arcadius_n the_o emperor_n at_o what_o time_n the_o roman_a empire_n begin_v to_o decline_v the_o scot_n a_o second_o nation_n enter_v ireland_n and_o plant_v themselves_o as_o orosius_n write_v in_o the_o north_n part_n whereupon_o it_o be_v
follow_v ruremonde_n situate_v where_o the_o river_n roer_n fall_v into_o the_o maese_n it_o have_v in_o my_o remembrance_n be_v a_o bishopric_n zutphen_n at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n berkel_n where_o it_o discharge_v itself_o into_o yssel_n it_o bear_v the_o title_n of_o a_o earldom_n it_o have_v a_o rich_a college_n of_o canon_n and_o be_v under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o munster_n arnhen_o stand_v upon_o the_o bank_n of_o rhijne_n this_o be_v the_o seat_n of_o the_o high_a court_n of_o justice_n and_o of_o the_o chancery_n the_o clergy_n of_o this_o town_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o bishop_n of_o vtrecht_n hattem_v a_o town_n well_o fortify_v upon_o the_o river_n yssel_n elburg_n on_o the_o shore_n of_o the_o zuyder_n sea_n harderwiik_fw-mi upon_o the_o same_o shore_n here_o likewise_o you_o have_v wagen_v tiel_n bommel_n bronchor_v doesburg_n dotechem_n sheerenberg_n govern_v by_o a_o peculiar_a prince_n under_o the_o name_n of_o a_o earldom_n lochen_n groll_n bredevord_n gelre_a which_o perhaps_o give_v name_n to_o the_o whole_a region_n straelen_fw-mi venlo_n a_o town_n upon_o the_o bank_n of_o maese_n fortify_v both_o by_o art_n and_o nature_n wachtendunck_n of_o ancient_a time_n the_o city_n of_o hercules_n in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o juliers_n beside_o these_o there_o be_v other_o small_a town_n of_o note_n which_o though_o now_o either_o by_o fury_n of_o war_n or_o injury_n of_o time_n they_o be_v unwall_v yet_o they_o do_v enjoy_v the_o freedom_n and_o privilege_n of_o city_n their_o name_n be_v keppel_n burg_n genderen_n bateburg_n monteford_n echt_n culeburg_n and_o buren_n both_o which_o have_v a_o peculiar_a lord_n as_o bateburg_n also_o under_o earl_n ottho_n the_o three_o this_o region_n be_v mighty_o enlarge_v for_o he_o compass_v with_o wall_n and_o endow_v with_o privilege_n the_o town_n of_o ruremond_n arnhem_n harderwijk_n bemel_n goch_n and_o wagen_v which_o till_o that_o time_n have_v remain_v village_n in_o the_o chronicle_n of_o john_n reigersbeg_n write_v in_o dutch_a i_o find_v this_o region_n in_o the_o time_n of_o carolus_n caluus_fw-la to_o have_v be_v call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o ponthis_n and_o that_o it_o be_v by_o he_o in_o the_o year_n 878._o erect_v to_o a_o signiory_n then_o in_o the_o year_n 1079._o this_o signiory_n of_o ponthis_n be_v by_o henry_n the_o three_o adorn_v with_o the_o title_n of_o a_o earldom_n and_o call_v the_o earldom_n of_o gelder_n and_o the_o first_o earl_n thereof_o be_v otto_n à _fw-it nassau_n it_o go_v under_o the_o name_n of_o a_o earldom_n till_o reinhold_n the_o second_o but_o whenas_o this_o reinhold_n not_o only_o for_o his_o valour_n and_o mightiness_n grow_v terrible_a to_o his_o neighbour_n but_o renown_v in_o regard_n of_o his_o justice_n his_o piety_n and_o fidelity_n towards_o the_o roman_a empire_n he_o be_v at_o frankford_n in_o a_o solemn_a and_o royal_a assembly_n by_o lewes_n the_o emperor_n consecrate_a duke_n in_o presence_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n the_o french_a king_n and_o the_o prince_n electour_n in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1339._o some_o say_v that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o emperor_n carolus_n caluus_fw-la towards_o that_o place_n where_o the_o town_n of_o gelre_a now_o stand_v there_o be_v a_o strange_a and_o venomous_a beast_n of_o huge_a bigness_n and_o monstrous_a cruelty_n fear_v all_o the_o country_n over_o which_o lie_v for_o the_o most_o part_n under_o a_o oak_n this_o monster_n waste_v the_o field_n devour_v cattle_n great_a and_o small_a and_o abstain_v not_o from_o man_n the_o inhabitant_n affright_v with_o the_o novelty_n and_o uncouthnesse_n of_o the_o matter_n abandon_v their_o habitation_n and_o hide_v themselves_o in_o desert_n and_o solitary_a place_n a_o certain_a lord_n of_o ponth_n have_v two_o son_n who_o partly_o tender_v their_o own_o estate_n and_o partly_o also_o the_o distress_n of_o their_o neighbour_n assail_v the_o beast_n with_o singular_a policy_n and_o courage_n and_o after_o a_o long_a combat_n slay_v he_o the_o say_a lord_n therefore_o not_o far_o from_o the_o maese_n upon_o the_o bank_n of_o nierson_n for_o the_o perpetual_a memory_n of_o his_o son_n exploit_n build_v a_o castle_n which_o he_o call_v gelre_a because_o when_o the_o beast_n be_v slay_v he_o often_o yell_v with_o a_o dreadful_a roar_a noise_n gelre_a gelre_a from_o whence_o they_o say_v begin_v the_o name_n of_o the_o gelder_n thus_o much_o out_o of_o the_o chronicle_n of_o henry_n aquilius_n a_o gelder_n bear_v more_o concern_v this_o province_n you_o may_v read_v in_o francis_n irenicus_fw-la but_o a_o most_o large_a description_n hereof_o you_o shall_v find_v in_o guicciardin_n gelriae_fw-la cliviae_n finitimorumqve_fw-la locorum_n verissima_fw-la descriptio_fw-la christiano_n schrot_n auctore_fw-la the_o bishopric_n of_o liege_n it_o be_v a_o common_a and_o constant_a opinion_n that_o those_o which_o we_o now_o call_v leodienses_n or_o ligeois_n be_v a_o german_a people_n name_v of_o old_a eburones_n a_o relic_n or_o monument_n of_o which_o ancient_a name_n remain_v as_o yet_o in_o the_o village_n ebure_n a_o german_a mile_n distant_a from_o the_o city_n of_o liege_n and_o this_o very_a place_n as_o i_o suppose_v be_v describe_v by_o dion_n lib._n 40._o under_o the_o name_n eburonia_n howbeit_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o liege_n stretch_v much_o far_a than_o that_o of_o the_o eburones_n do_v of_o old_a of_o the_o eburones_n mention_n be_v make_v by_o strabo_n caesar_n and_o florus_n dion_n call_v they_o eburos_n and_o late_a writer_n barbarous_o term_v they_o eburonate_v themselves_o in_o their_o mother_n tongue_n which_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o break_a french_a they_o call_v ligeois_n but_o in_o high_a dutch_a lutticher_n and_o luyckenaren_n the_o derivation_n of_o eburones_n &_o leodienses_n whoso_o desire_v to_o know_v i_o refer_v he_o to_o the_o antiquity_n of_o goropius_n becanus_n and_o to_o a_o small_a pamphlet_n of_o hubert_n leodius_n this_o region_n take_v up_o a_o great_a part_n of_o ancient_a lorraigne_a for_o it_o contain_v under_o the_o name_n of_o the_o diocese_n of_o liege_n the_o dukedom_n of_o bovillon_n the_o marquesat_n of_o franckmont_n the_o county_n of_o haspengow_n and_o loots_n and_o many_o barony_n in_o this_o region_n beside_o maestright_n half_o whereof_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o duke_n of_o brabant_n there_o be_v four_o and_o twenty_o wall_a city_n a_o thousand_o seven_o hundred_o village_n with_o church_n and_o many_o abbey_n and_o signiory_n the_o name_n of_o the_o city_n be_v these_o follow_v liege_n upon_o maese_n the_o seat_n of_o a_o bishop_n after_o which_o all_o the_o whole_a country_n be_v name_v bovillon_n franchemont_n loots_n borchworm_n tungeren_n hue_n hasselt_v dinant_n masac_n stoch_n bilsen_n s._n truden_n viset_fw-la tuin_fw-la varem_fw-la bering_n herck_n bree_n pera_n hamont_n chiney_a fosse_n and_o covin_z as_o guicciardin_n do_v both_o name_n and_o number_v they_o moreover_o placentius_n write_v that_o part_n of_o maestright_n be_v add_v to_o this_o diocese_n by_o the_o donation_n of_o pori_n earl_n of_o louvain_n the_o territory_n of_o this_o city_n be_v call_v the_o county_n of_o maesland_n in_o the_o ancient_a record_n of_o seruatius_n abbey_n build_v here_o by_o king_n arnulphus_n in_o the_o year_n 889._o now_o this_o county_n be_v usual_o call_v haspengow_n it_o be_v a_o region_n exceed_v pleasant_a and_o fertile_a of_o all_o thing_n especial_o on_o the_o north_n part_n where_o it_o join_v to_o brabant_n for_o there_o it_o abound_v with_o corn_n and_o all_o kind_n of_o fruit_n and_o in_o some_o place_n it_o yield_v wine_n but_o on_o the_o south_n frontier_n towards_o lutzenburg_n and_o france_n it_o be_v somewhat_o more_o barren_a mountainous_a and_o overspr_v with_o wood_n here_o yet_o be_v some_o remainder_n of_o arduenna_n the_o great_a forest_n in_o all_o france_n as_o caesar_n write_v this_o be_v the_o outward_a hue_n of_o the_o country_n but_o in_o the_o entrail_n and_o bowel_n thereof_o it_o be_v enrich_v with_o metal_n and_o sundry_a kind_n of_o marble_n as_o also_o with_o sea-coal_n which_o they_o burn_v in_o stead_n of_o fuel_n and_o all_o these_o so_o surpass_v good_a as_o in_o a_o common_a proverb_n they_o usual_o say_v that_o they_o have_v bread_n better_o than_o bread_n fire_n hot_a than_o fire_n and_o iron_n hard_o than_o iron_n by_o their_o iron_n than_o which_o all_o the_o province_n around_o use_v neither_o better_o nor_o indeed_o any_o other_o they_o raise_v a_o great_a revenue_n nor_o with_o any_o other_o more_o forcible_a fire_n do_v the_o smith_n and_o bearebrewer_n in_o all_o this_o part_n of_o the_o low_a country_n heat_n their_o furnace_n than_o with_o these_o mineral_n coal_n of_o liege_n which_o be_v of_o so_o strange_a a_o nature_n as_o water_n increase_v their_o flame_n but_o oil_n put_v it_o out_o the_o smell_n of_o this_o fire_n or_o smoke_n
whereby_o they_o be_v sometime_o call_v before_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o saxon_n but_o let_v we_o come_v again_o to_o mona_n our_o countryman_n and_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o isle_n speak_v now_o at_o this_o day_n the_o ancient_a british_a tongue_n do_v know_v no_o other_o name_n of_o it_o than_o mon_n for_o so_o they_o all_o general_o call_v it_o polydore_n virgil_n call_v it_o anglesea_n that_o be_v the_o english_a isle_n i_o grant_v that_o this_o island_n be_v subdue_v by_o the_o english_a man_n be_v beautify_v and_o grace_v with_o their_o name_n and_o that_o the_o english_a man_n do_v so_o call_v it_o i_o do_v not_o deny_v but_o i_o pray_v thou_o do_v the_o english_a man_n first_o descry_v this_o island_n be_v it_o never_o see_v before_o or_o have_v it_o no_o name_n at_o all_o before_o their_o come_n hear_v thou_o polydore_n bethink_v thyself_o thou_o may_v aswell_o say_v that_o england_n be_v not_o that_o land_n which_o be_v sometime_o call_v britannia_n nor_o that_o be_v not_o gallia_n which_o now_o we_o call_v france_n nay_o which_o be_v a_o great_a matter_n than_o this_o and_o more_o strange_a the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o isle_n notwithstanding_o they_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n do_v neither_o know_v what_o england_n or_o a_o english_a man_n do_v mean_a for_o a_o english_a man_n they_o call_v sais_n but_o in_o the_o plural_a number_n speak_v of_o more_o than_o one_o saisson_n and_o this_o their_o native_a country_n they_o name_v mon._n moreover_o that_o fair_a city_n build_v upon_o that_o arm_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o frith_n above_o mention_v on_o the_o other_o side_n over_o against_o the_o west_n part_n of_o this_o island_n be_v call_v caeraruon_n that_o be_v the_o city_n upon_o mon_n for_o caer_n in_o our_o language_n signify_v a_o wall_a town_n kir_n in_o hebrew_a be_v a_o wall_n and_o kartha_n in_o those_o eastern_a tongue_n be_v a_o wall_a city_n be_v be_v as_o much_o to_o say_v as_o upon_o and_o as_o for_o the_o shall_fw-mi in_o the_o last_o syllable_n for_o m_o that_o be_v the_o propriety_n of_o the_o language_n in_o some_o case_n for_o in_o all_o word_n begin_v with_o m_o in_o consequence_n of_o speech_n that_o letter_n after_o some_o certain_a consonant_n be_v change_v into_o five_o for_o which_o our_o nation_n do_v always_o use_v f_z because_o that_o v_a with_o they_o be_v evermore_o a_o vowel_n so_o we_o call_v wednesday_n diem_fw-la mercurij_fw-la die_v mercher_n but_o wednesday_n night_n nos_fw-la fercher_n mary_n we_o call_v mair_n but_o for_o our_o lady_n church_n we_o write_v and_o pronounce_v lhanuair_n neither_o be_v this_o city_n only_o thus_o name_v but_o even_o that_o whole_a tract_n of_o the_o continent_n of_o britain_n that_o run_v along_o by_o it_o be_v call_v aruon_n that_o be_v opposite_a or_o over_o against_o mon._n but_o let_v it_o be_v that_o this_o island_n be_v not_o that_o mona_n so_o oft_o mention_v by_o the_o ancient_n than_o ought_v polydore_n for_o his_o credit_n sake_n have_v find_v another_o name_n for_o it_o and_o not_o to_o have_v leave_v it_o whole_o nameless_a now_o let_v we_o come_v unto_o the_o other_o which_o our_o countryman_n do_v call_v menaw_n and_o which_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n general_a as_o also_o the_o english_a and_o scot_n retain_v the_o welsh_a name_n but_o cut_v it_o somewhat_o short_a man._n therefore_o there_o be_v no_o man_n for_o aught_o i_o know_v beside_o this_o proud_a italian_a and_o one_o hector_n boëthius_n a_o loud_a liar_n that_o ever_o call_v this_o island_n by_o the_o name_n of_o mona_n but_o leave_v these_o demonstrable_a argument_n which_o indeed_o do_v make_v this_o matter_n more_o clear_a than_o the_o noon_n day_n let_v we_o come_v unto_o authority_n and_o testimony_n of_o learned_a man_n which_o in_o some_o case_n be_v rather_o believe_v than_o any_o other_o argument_n whatsoever_o by_o these_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o the_o true_a and_o proper_a name_n shall_v be_v give_v to_o each_o of_o these_o island_n and_o the_o controversy_n decide_v without_o any_o manner_n of_o contradiction_n there_o be_v a_o piece_n of_o gildas_n britannus_n that_o ancient_a writer_n a_o man_n every_o kind_n of_o way_n learned_a at_o this_o day_n remain_v in_o the_o library_n of_o the_o illustrious_a earl_n of_o arundel_n the_o only_a learned_a noble_a man_n of_o his_o time_n in_o which_o he_o have_v these_o word_n england_n have_v three_o island_n belong_v to_o it_o wight_n over_o against_o the_o armoricane_n or_o bretaigne_n in_o france_n the_o second_o lie_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o sea_n between_o ireland_n and_o england_n the_o latin_a historian_n do_v call_v it_o eubonia_fw-la but_o vulgar_o in_o our_o mother_n tongue_n we_o call_v it_o manaw_n thou_o hear_v gentle_a reader_n a_o natural_a welsh_a man_n speak_v in_o the_o welsh_a tongue_n for_o thus_o we_o call_v polydore_n virgil_n mona_n in_o our_o native_a language_n even_o at_o this_o day_n moreover_o the_o reverend_a beda_n that_o worthy_a englishman_n famous_a through_o all_o christendom_n in_o his_o day_n for_o all_o manner_n of_o literature_n and_o good_a learning_n in_o the_o nine_o chapter_n of_o the_o second_o book_n of_o his_o history_n write_v thus_o at_o which_o time_n also_o the_o people_n of_o northumberland_n nordan_n humbri_n that_o be_v all_o that_o nation_n of_o the_o angle_n which_o do_v inhabit_v upon_o the_o north_n side_n of_o the_o river_n humber_n with_o edwin_n their_o king_n by_o the_o preach_n of_o paulinus_n of_o who_o we_o have_v speak_v a_o little_a before_o be_v convert_v unto_o the_o faith_n of_o christ_n this_o king_n in_o take_v of_o good_a success_n for_o his_o entertainment_n of_o the_o gospel_n do_v grow_v so_o mighty_a in_o christianity_n and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o heaven_n and_o also_o have_v that_o command_n upon_o the_o earth_n that_o he_o rule_v which_o never_o any_o king_n of_o the_o english_a do_v before_o he_o from_o one_o end_n of_o britain_n to_o the_o other_o and_o be_v king_n not_o only_o of_o the_o english_a but_o also_o of_o all_o the_o shire_n and_o province_n of_o the_o briton_n yea_o and_o he_o bring_v under_o his_o subjection_n as_o i_o have_v show_v before_o the_o isle_n of_o man_n insulae_fw-la menaniae_fw-la here_o i_o do_v think_v that_o for_o menaviae_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v write_v menaviae_n see_v that_o there_o be_v such_o small_a difference_n between_o a_o n_z and_z a_o u._fw-mi that_o they_o may_v easy_o be_v mistake_v and_o one_o put_v for_o another_o moreover_o henry_n archdeacon_n of_o huntingdon_n a_o worthy_a historiographer_n who_o write_v about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1140_o one_o that_o follow_v beda_n in_o many_o thing_n almost_o foot_n for_o foot_n do_v seem_v also_o to_o correct_v this_o fault_n and_o clear_v the_o doubt_n for_o he_o set_v forth_o the_o great_a command_n and_o conquest_n of_o this_o edwine_n king_n of_o the_o northumber_n bru_v out_o into_o these_o word_n eduwyn_n the_o king_n of_o the_o 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far_o off_o from_o it_o beside_o the_o orkney_n isle_n which_o do_v seem_v to_o answer_v unto_o the_o three_o principal_a part_n of_o the_o same_o for_o wight_n lie_v hard_a upon_o the_o coast_n of_o loëgria_n which_o now_o be_v call_v england_n anglia_fw-it mona_n which_o the_o english_a call_n anglisea_n pertain_v unto_o cambria_n that_o be_v to_z wales_z but_o the_o i_o will_v eubonia_n which_o have_v two_o other_o name_n menavia_n and_o mania_n lie_v overagainst_a scotland_n these_o three_o wight_n man_n and_o anglisea_n vecta_n mania_n mona_n be_v almost_o all_o of_o one_o bigness_n and_o contain_v the_o like_a quantity_n of_o ground_n thus_o far_o ranulph_n of_o chester_n the_o reason_n why_o gildas_n and_o other_o have_v call_v this_o island_n eubonia_fw-la i_o take_v to_o be_v this_o because_o it_o be_v first_o inhabit_v of_o the_o same_o nation_n
to_o wit_n the_o irish_a of_o the_o which_o the_o euboniae_n the_o west_n isle_n common_o of_o the_o historian_n call_v hebrides_n be_v the_o reverend_a beda_n and_o henry_n huntingdon_n in_o that_o they_o write_v it_o menavia_n do_v seem_v to_o allude_v to_o the_o welsh_a name_n manaw_n but_o this_o be_v it_o which_o we_o will_v have_v thou_o diligent_o to_o observe_v that_o none_o of_o they_o do_v call_v it_o mona_n by_o these_o argument_n and_o testimony_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o mona_n be_v that_o island_n which_o the_o inhabitant_n as_o i_o have_v show_v before_o do_v at_o this_o day_n name_n mona_n or_o mon_n acknowledge_v no_o other_o name_n and_o be_v that_o which_o of_o the_o english_a be_v call_v anglisea_n but_o the_o other_o which_o polydore_n virgil_n and_o such_o as_o do_v love_n with_o he_o to_o wallow_v in_o the_o mire_n rather_o than_o to_o seek_v for_o the_o clear_a stream_n do_v call_v mona_n be_v of_o gildas_n call_v eubonia_fw-la of_o henry_n huntingdon_n menavia_n and_o of_o other_o mania_n here_o i_o will_v conclude_v this_o discourse_n with_o this_o one_o testimony_n which_o may_v indeed_o worthy_o stand_v for_o many_o to_o wit_n this_o of_o sylvester_n girald_n a_o welsh_a man_n bear_v a_o man_n no_o less_o famous_a for_o his_o learning_n than_o for_o his_o noble_a birth_n for_o he_o be_v descend_v from_o that_o noble_a house_n of_o the_o girald_n to_o who_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v behold_v for_o that_o foot_n which_o they_o have_v in_o ireland_n moreover_o he_o be_v great_o belove_v of_o henry_n the_o second_o king_n of_o england_n and_o be_v afterward_o secretary_n to_o king_n john_n his_o son_n who_o name_n also_o be_v very_o famous_a and_o oft_o mention_v in_o the_o pope_n decretal_n for_o be_v but_o bishop_n of_o s._n david_n in_o wales_n he_o do_v notwithstanding_o contend_v with_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canturburie_n about_o the_o prerogative_n &_o primacy_n this_o man_n i_o say_v in_o that_o his_o book_n which_o he_o entitle_v itinerarium_fw-la balwini_fw-la archiepiscopi_fw-la cantuariensis_n crucem_fw-la in_o infideles_fw-la per_fw-la cambrian_a praedicantis_fw-la the_o journal_n or_o travel_n of_o baldwin_n archbishop_n of_o canturbury_n when_o as_o he_o preach_v the_o gospel_n and_o cross_n of_o christ_n against_o the_o infidel_n throughout_o all_o wales_n who_o company_n he_o never_o forsake_v in_o all_o that_o peregrination_n write_v thus_o of_o the_o i_o will_v mona_n on_o the_o morrow_n we_o pass_v by_o the_o castle_n of_o caeraruon_a and_o from_o thence_o through_o the_o valley_n and_o steep_a hill_n and_o mountain_n we_o come_v unto_o bangor_n where_o we_o be_v most_o kind_o entertain_v of_o the_o bishop_n who_o name_n be_v gwian_n who_o be_v almost_o constrain_v to_o take_v up_o the_o cross_n of_o christ_n with_o a_o great_a lamentation_n and_o shout_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o people_n both_o man_n and_o woman_n from_o thence_o cross_v a_o vety_n narrow_a arm_n of_o the_o sea_n we_o pass_v over_o to_o mona_n a_o island_n lie_v about_o two_o mile_n off_o from_o the_o main_a land_n here_o rothericke_n the_o young_a son_n of_o owen_n come_v very_o devout_o with_o all_o the_o people_n of_o that_o i_o will_v and_o of_o the_o country_n round_a about_o he_o to_o meet_v us._n there_o they_o make_v as_o it_o be_v a_o theatre_n of_o the_o craggy_a rock_n by_o the_o preach_n of_o the_o archbishop_n and_o of_o alexander_n the_o archdeacon_n of_o that_o place_n many_o be_v win_v unto_o the_o cross_n and_o to_o believe_v in_o jesus_n christ_n but_o certain_a young_a man_n lustie-blood_n of_o the_o servant_n and_o follower_n of_o rothericke_n which_o sit_v overagainst_a we_o will_v by_o no_o mean_n be_v draw_v to_o bear_v the_o cross_n of_o these_o some_o within_o a_o little_a while_n after_o follow_v certain_a thief_n or_o freebooters_a be_v slay_v outright_o other_o hurt_v and_o dangerous_o wound_v do_v of_o their_o own_o head_n lay_v a_o worldly_a cross_a one_o upon_o another_o back_n rothericke_n be_v marry_v to_o prince_n reese_n daughter_n who_o be_v ally_v to_o he_o in_o the_o three_o degree_n her_o by_o no_o admonition_n he_o can_v be_v make_v to_o put_v away_o from_o he_o hope_v that_o by_o her_o mean_n he_o shall_v the_o better_o be_v able_a to_o defend_v himself_o against_o his_o brother_n child_n who_o he_o have_v disherit_v and_o put_v by_o their_o land_n and_o possession_n notwithstanding_o it_o fall_v out_o contrary_a to_o his_o expectation_n for_o within_o awhile_o after_o they_o recover_v all_o again_o out_o of_o his_o hand_n this_o island_n have_v three_o hundred_o three_o and_o forty_o village_n or_o farm_n yet_o it_o be_v esteem_v but_o at_o three_o cantred_n britain_n have_v three_o island_n lie_v not_o far_o off_o from_o it_o all_o almost_o of_o like_a quantity_n and_o bigness_n wight_n upon_o the_o south_n mon_n upon_o the_o west_n and_o man_n upon_o the_o northwest_o the_o two_o former_a be_v very_o near_o to_o the_o continent_n the_o arm_n of_o the_o sea_n by_o which_o they_o be_v sever_v from_o england_n be_v but_o very_o narrow_a and_o not_o far_o over_o the_o three_o which_o be_v call_v man_n lie_v mid_a way_n between_o ulster_n a_o province_n of_o ireland_n and_o gallawey_n of_o scotland_n mona_n or_o mon_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a plenty_n of_o wheat_n which_o it_o yield_v ordinary_o every_o year_n be_v call_v the_o mother_n of_o wales_n and_o a_o little_a beneath_o the_o same_o author_n write_v thus_o of_o this_o island_n hugh_n earl_n of_o shrewsbury_n and_o arundel_n with_o hugh_n earl_n of_o chester_n enter_v this_o island_n by_o force_n do_v shut_v dog_n all_o night_n in_o the_o church_n of_o fefridanke_n which_o the_o next_o morning_n be_v find_v all_o stark_a mad_a and_o he_o himself_o afterward_o by_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o orkeney_n isle_n come_v thither_o as_o pirate_n and_o sea-robber_n under_o the_o lead_n of_o magnus_n their_o captain_n be_v shoot_v in_o the_o eye_n which_o part_n of_o his_o body_n only_o be_v unarm_v and_o subject_a to_o the_o enemy_n weapon_n fall_v stone_n dead_a from_o the_o deck_n of_o the_o ship_n into_o the_o sea_n which_o magnus_n behold_v cry_v out_o in_o the_o danish_a language_n leit_n loop_n that_o be_v as_o much_o to_o say_v in_o english_a let_v he_o leap_v moreover_o henry_n the_o second_o go_v into_o north-wales_n with_o a_o army_n of_o man_n join_v battle_n with_o the_o adversary_n at_o caleshull_n in_o a_o narrow_a straight_o between_o two_o wood_n and_o withal_o send_v a_o sail_n of_o ship_n into_o mona_n which_o spoil_v the_o foresay_a church_n with_o other_o place_n there_o wherefore_o they_o be_v almost_o all_o slay_v take_v dangerous_o wound_v or_o put_v to_o flight_n by_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o that_o i_o will_v there_o be_v in_o this_o company_n two_o noble_a man_n and_o his_o uncle_n which_o write_v this_o story_n with_o other_o mo_z send_v hither_o by_o the_o king_n to_o wit_n henry_n the_o son_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o and_o the_o uncle_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o beget_v of_o the_o honourable_a lady_n nesta_n daughter_n of_o reese_n theodore_n son_n bear_v in_o the_o confine_n of_o south-wales_n i_o mean_v in_o the_o skirt_n of_o it_o next_o unto_o demetia_n or_o west-wales_n and_o the_o brother_n of_o steven_n brother_n to_o henry_n by_o the_o mother_n side_n but_o not_o by_o the_o father_n a_o man_n that_o first_o in_o our_o day_n break_v the_o way_n for_o other_o not_o long_o after_o this_o attempt_v the_o entrance_n and_o conquest_n of_o ireland_n who_o worthy_a commendation_n the_o prophicall_a history_n do_v at_o large_a set_v forth_o henry_n be_v too_o venturous_a and_o not_o be_v second_v in_o time_n be_v kill_v at_o the_o first_o encounter_n with_o a_o pike_n but_o robert_n distrust_v his_o own_o strength_n and_o doubt_v whether_o he_o shall_v be_v aid_v or_o not_o flee_v and_o be_v sore_o wound_v very_o hardly_o recover_v the_o ship_n this_o island_n outward_o appear_v as_o if_o it_o be_v barren_a rough_a and_o overgrowen_v like_v as_o the_o country_n of_o pebidion_n near_o menavia_n do_v although_o indeed_o it_o be_v very_o fertile_a of_o many_o thing_n in_o diverse_a place_n thus_o far_o gyraldus_n what_o can_v ever_o be_v speak_v or_o write_v more_o plain_o and_o evident_o of_o the_o name_n situation_n fertility_n and_o valorous_a inhabitant_n of_o mona_n as_o also_o of_o the_o situation_n and_o name_n of_o that_o other_o island_n the_o same_o author_n in_o his_o description_n of_o wales_n thus_o speak_v of_o this_o island_n in_o north-wales_n between_o mona_n and_o snowdon_n hill_n be_v bangor_n the_o bishop_n sea_n as_o of_o all_o wales_n the_o south_n part_n about_o cardigan_n shire_n cereticam_fw-la regionem_fw-la he_o call_v it_o but_o especial_o every_o where_n in_o west-wales_n demetia_n