enquirer_n concession_n three_o from_o a_o considerable_a instance_n in_o our_o own_o government_n first_o from_o the_o common_a notion_n of_o a_o trust_n for_o what_o be_v more_o general_o understand_v by_o trust_v another_o than_o that_o we_o lodge_v our_o concern_v with_o he_o and_o put_v they_o out_o of_o our_o own_o disposal_n when_o i_o trust_v a_o man_n with_o my_o life_n or_o fortune_n all_o people_n agree_v that_o i_o put_v it_o in_o his_o power_n to_o deprive_v i_o of_o both_o for_o to_o deliver_v any_o property_n to_o another_o with_o a_o power_n of_o revocation_n be_v to_o trust_v he_o as_o we_o say_v no_o far_o than_o we_o can_v throw_v he_o he_o that_o can_v recover_v a_o sum_n of_o money_n he_o have_v deposit_v when_o he_o please_v to_o speak_v proper_o have_v it_o still_o in_o his_o custody_n and_o trust_v his_o friend_n no_o more_o than_o he_o do_v his_o own_o coffer_n and_o therefore_o if_o we_o consult_v our_o thought_n we_o shall_v find_v that_o a_o trust_v natural_o imply_v a_o entire_a reliance_n upon_o the_o conduct_n and_o integrity_n of_o another_o which_o make_v we_o resign_v up_o our_o liberty_n or_o estate_n to_o his_o management_n imagine_v they_o safe_a in_o his_o hand_n than_o in_o our_o own_o in_o short_a a_o trust_v where_o there_o be_v no_o three_o person_n to_o judge_n of_o the_o performance_n as_o in_o these_o pact_n between_o subject_n and_o sovereign_a there_o be_v not_o in_o this_o case_n a_o trust_n include_v a_o translation_n of_o right_n and_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o irrevocableness_n of_o it_o be_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o gift_n so_o that_o there_o seem_v to_o be_v only_o this_o difference_n between_o they_o that_o a_o gift_n ought_v to_o respect_v the_o benefit_n of_o the_o receiver_n whereas_o a_o trust_n be_v general_o make_v for_o the_o advantage_n of_o he_o who_o convey_v it_o second_o by_o our_o author_n be_v own_o concession_n a_o trustee_n be_v sometime_o unaccountable_a for_o he_o grant_v a_o man_n may_v sell_v himself_o to_o be_v a_o slave_n p._n 1_o and_o when_o he_o have_v once_o put_v himself_o into_o this_o condition_n his_o master_n have_v a_o absolute_a sovereignty_n over_o he_o and_o a_o indefeasable_a right_n to_o his_o service_n so_o that_o notwithstanding_o all_o the_o unreasonable_a usage_n he_o may_v meet_v with_o he_o can_v never_o come_v into_o his_o freedom_n again_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o his_o lord_n this_o i_o take_v to_o be_v a_o uncontested_a truth_n and_o if_o it_o be_v not_o st._n peter_n authority_n ought_v to_o over-rule_v the_o dispute_n who_o charge_v those_o who_o be_v in_o this_o state_n of_o servitude_n to_o be_v subject_a to_o their_o master_n with_o all_o fear_n not_o only_o to_o the_o good_a and_o gentle_a but_o also_o to_o the_o froward_a 1_o ep._n 2._o 18._o three_o i_o shall_v prove_v the_o unaccountableness_n of_o a_o trust_n from_o a_o considerable_a instance_n in_o our_o own_o government_n the_o house_n of_o commons_o v._n g._n be_v certain_o trustee_n for_o the_o town_n and_o county_n who_o choose_v they_o the_o people_n resign_v up_o the_o disposal_n of_o their_o right_n and_o property_n into_o their_o hand_n in_o hope_n of_o a_o good_a management_n but_o suppose_v they_o prevaricate_v in_o their_o employment_n and_o betray_v their_o elector_n do_v this_o empower_v the_o people_n to_o lay_v their_o representative_n by_o the_o heel_n when_o they_o come_v into_o the_o country_n or_o to_o punish_v they_o far_o as_o their_o wisdom_n shall_v think_v convenient_a if_o so_o than_o the_o last_o resort_n of_o justice_n must_v lie_v in_o the_o sovereign_a multitude_n who_o have_v neither_o capacity_n to_o understand_v the_o reason_n of_o government_n nor_o temper_n and_o tenderness_n to_o manage_v it_o it_o be_v pity_n the_o mobile_n in_o henry_n the_o 6_o his_o reign_n have_v not_o this_o discovery_n when_o the_o right_a of_o choose_v member_n be_v limit_v to_o forty_o shilling_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la freehold_n whereas_o before_o all_o tenor_n if_o not_o all_o person_n have_v the_o liberty_n to_o elect_v without_o exception_n but_o this_o act_n in_o all_o likelihood_n bar_v no_o less_o than_o a_o five_o of_o the_o nation_n from_o this_o principal_a post_n in_o the_o government_n and_o if_o columbus_n have_v not_o give_v they_o a_o lift_n by_o find_v out_o the_o west-indies_n and_o abate_v the_o value_n of_o money_n their_o grievance_n have_v continue_v to_o this_o day_n as_o heavy_a as_o ever_o we_o see_v therefore_o that_o the_o author_n notion_n of_o a_o trust_n will_v not_o hold_v water_n and_o if_o it_o will_v it_o can_v do_v he_o no_o service_n for_o i_o shall_v prove_v in_o the_o second_o place_n that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n hold_v their_o crown_n by_o right_a of_o conquest_n and_o succession_n and_o consequent_o be_v no_o trustee_n of_o the_o people_n i_o shall_v begin_v with_o the_o point_n of_o succession_n which_o because_o its_o general_o receive_v i_o shall_v only_o mention_v a_o act_n of_o parliament_n or_o two_o for_o the_o proof_n of_o it_o in_o the_o first_o of_o edward_n the_o four_o rot._n parl._n where_o the_o proceed_n against_o richard_n the_o second_o be_v repeal_v it_o be_v say_v that_o henry_n earl_n of_o derby_n afterward_o henry_n the_o four_o temerous_o against_o rightwiseness_n and_o justice_n by_o force_n and_o arm_n against_o his_o faith_n and_o ligeance_n rere_v be_v at_o flint_n in_o wales_n against_o king_n richard_n the_o second_o he_o take_v and_o imprison_v in_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n in_o great_a violence_n and_o usurp_v and_o intrude_v upon_o the_o royal_a power_n estate_n and_o dignity_n and_o a_o little_a after_o they_o add_v that_o the_o commons_o be_v of_o this_o present_a parliament_n have_v sufficient_a and_o evident_a knowledge_n of_o the_o say_v unright-wise_a usurpation_n and_o intrusion_n by_o the_o say_v henry_n late_a earl_n of_o derby_n upon_o the_o say_a crown_n of_o england_n know_v also_o certain_o without_o doubt_n and_o ambiguity_n the_o right_a and_o title_n of_o our_o say_a sovereign_a lord_n thereunto_o true_a and_o that_o by_o god_n law_n man_n law_n and_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n he_o and_o none_o other_o be_v and_o aught_o to_o be_v their_o true_a right-wise_a and_o natural_a liege_n and_o sovereign_a lord_n and_o that_o he_o be_v in_o right_o from_o the_o death_n of_o the_o say_v noble_a and_o famous_a prince_n his_o father_n richard_n duke_z of_o york_n very_o just_a king_n of_o the_o say_a realm_n of_o england_n do_v take_v and_o repute_n and_o will_v for_o ever_o take_v and_o repute_v the_o say_a edward_n the_o four_o their_o sovereign_n and_o liege_n lord_n and_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n to_o be_v king_n of_o england_n and_o none_o other_o according_a to_o his_o say_a right_a and_o title_n in_o the_o first_o of_o richard_n the_o three_o there_o be_v another_o statute_n very_o full_a to_o this_o purpose_n which_o begin_v the_o three_o estate_n etc._n etc._n but_o i_o shall_v pass_v over_o this_o and_o proceed_v to_o the_o act_n of_o recognition_n make_v upon_o king_n james_n the_o first_o his_o come_n to_o the_o crown_n wherein_o it_o be_v declare_v that_o he_o be_v lineal_o rightful_o and_o lawful_o descend_v of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o most_o excellent_a lady_n margaret_n elder_a daughter_n of_o the_o most_o renown_a king_n henry_n the_o seven_o and_o the_o high_a and_o noble_a princess_n queen_n elizabeth_z his_o wife_n elder_a daughter_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o four_o the_o say_a lady_n margaret_n be_v elder_a sister_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o father_n of_o the_o high_a and_o mighty_a princess_n of_o famous_a memory_n elizabeth_n late_a queen_n of_o england_n in_o consideration_n whereof_o the_o parliament_n do_v acknowledge_v king_n james_n their_o only_a lawful_a and_o rightful_a liege_n lord_n and_o sovereign_n and_o as_o be_v bind_v thereunto_o both_o by_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o man_n they_o do_v recognize_v and_o acknowledge_v that_o immediate_o upon_o the_o dissolution_n and_o decease_n of_o elizabeth_n late_a queen_n of_o england_n the_o imperial_a crown_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o all_o the_o kingdom_n dominion_n and_o right_n belong_v to_o the_o same_o do_v by_o inherent_a birthright_n and_o lawful_a and_o undoubted_a succession_n descend_v and_o come_v to_o his_o most_o excellent_a majesty_n as_o be_v lineal_o just_o and_o lawful_o next_o and_o sole_a heir_n of_o the_o blood_n royal_a of_o this_o realm_n as_o it_o be_v aforesaid_a and_o thereunto_o they_o do_v most_o humble_o and_o faithful_o submit_v and_o oblige_v themselves_o they_o heir_n and_o posterity_n for_o ever_o until_o the_o last_o drop_n of_o their_o blood_n be_v spend_v so_o much_o concern_v the_o succession_n where_o by_o the_o way_n we_o may_v observe_v the_o depose_v doctrine_n be_v direct_o pronounce_v unlawful_a as_o appear_v from_o the_o
first_o of_o edward_n the_o fouâ—h_n which_o act_n continue_v still_o unrepealed_a i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o prove_v the_o norman_a conquest_n for_o i_o need_v go_v no_o high_a which_o i_o shall_v make_v good_a from_o the_o best_a historian_n who_o live_v either_o in_o or_o near_o that_o time_n from_o doomeseday_n book_n and_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1._o from_o historian_n etc._n etc._n eadmer_n hist._n nou._n fol._n 6._o a_o monk_n of_o canterbury_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o conquest_n and_o very_o intimate_v with_o archbishop_n lanfrank_n and_o with_o he_o when_o news_n come_v of_o the_o conqueror_n death_n write_v that_o william_n design_v to_o establish_v those_o law_n and_o usage_n in_o england_n which_o his_o ancestor_n and_o himself_o observe_v in_o normandy_n make_v such_o person_n bishop_n abbot_n and_o other_o principal_a man_n who_o can_v not_o be_v think_v so_o unworthy_a as_o to_o be_v guilty_a of_o any_o incompliance_n with_o his_o new_a model_n know_v by_o who_o and_o to_o what_o station_n they_o be_v raise_v all_o religious_a and_o secular_a affair_n he_o manage_v at_o his_o pleasure_n and_o after_o the_o historian_n have_v relate_v in_o what_o point_n he_o disallow_v the_o authority_n of_o the_o pope_n and_o archbishop_n he_o conclude_v thus_o but_o what_o he_o do_v in_o secular_a matter_n i_o forbear_v to_o write_v because_o it_o be_v not_o to_o my_o purpose_n and_o likewise_o because_o any_o one_o may_v guess_v by_o what_o have_v be_v deliver_v already_o at_o what_o rate_n he_o order_v the_o state._n the_o next_o testimony_n shall_v be_v fetch_v out_o of_o ingulph_n abbot_n of_o croyland_n a_o english_a man_n bear_v secretary_n to_o william_n when_o duke_n of_o normandy_n and_o make_v abbot_n by_o he_o this_o author_n inform_v we_o that_o by_o hard_a usage_n he_o make_v the_o english_a submit_v that_o he_o give_v the_o earldem_n barony_n bishopric_n and_o prelacy_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n to_o his_o norman_n and_o scarce_o permit_v any_o english_a man_n to_o enjoy_v any_o place_n of_o honour_n dominion_n or_o power_n hist._n croyl_n f._n 512._o but_o gervace_n of_o tilbury_n a_o considerable_a officer_n in_o the_o exchequer_n in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o and_o who_o receive_v his_o information_n from_o henry_n of_o blois_n bishop_n of_o winchester_n and_o grandchild_n to_o the_o conqueror_n be_v more_o full_a to_o this_o purpose_n which_o he_o thus_o deliver_v after_o the_o conquest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o just_a subversion_n of_o rebel_n when_o the_o king_n himself_o and_o his_o great_a man_n have_v view_v and_o survey_v their_o new_a acquest_n there_o be_v a_o strict_a enquiry_n make_v who_o there_o be_v which_o have_v fight_v against_o the_o king_n and_o secure_v themselves_o by_o flight_n from_o these_o and_o the_o heir_n of_o such_o as_o be_v slay_v in_o the_o field_n all_o hope_n of_o possess_v eiâ—er_a land_n or_o rent_n be_v cut_v off_o for_o they_o count_v it_o a_o great_a favour_n to_o have_v their_o life_n give_v they_o but_o such_o as_o be_v call_v and_o solicit_v to_o fight_v against_o king_n william_n and_o do_v not_o if_o by_o a_o humble_a submission_n they_o can_v gain_v the_o favour_n of_o their_o lord_n and_o master_n they_o then_o have_v the_o liberty_n of_o possess_v somewhat_o in_o their_o own_o person_n but_o without_o any_o right_n of_o leave_v it_o to_o their_o posterity_n their_o child_n enjoy_v it_o only_o at_o the_o will_n of_o their_o lord_n to_o who_o when_o they_o become_v unacceptable_a they_o be_v every_o where_o out_v of_o their_o estate_n neither_o will_v any_o restore_v what_o they_o have_v take_v away_o and_o when_o the_o miserable_a native_n represent_v their_o grievance_n public_o to_o the_o king_n inform_v he_o how_o they_o be_v spoil_v of_o their_o fortune_n and_o that_o without_o redress_n they_o must_v be_v force_v to_o pass_v into_o other_o country_n at_o length_n upon_o consultation_n it_o be_v order_v that_o what_o they_o can_v obtain_v of_o their_o lord_n by_o way_n of_o desert_n or_o lawful_a bargain_n they_o shall_v hold_v by_o unquestionable_a right_n but_o shall_v not_o claim_v any_o thing_n from_o the_o time_n the_o nation_n be_v conquer_a under_o the_o title_n of_o succession_n or_o descent_n upon_o what_o great_a consideration_n this_o be_v do_v be_v manifest_a say_v gervace_n for_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o compliance_n and_o obedience_n to_o purchase_v their_o lord_n favour_v therefore_o whoever_o of_o the_o conquer_a nation_n possess_v land_n etc._n etc._n obtain_v they_o not_o as_o if_o they_o be_v their_o right_n by_o succession_n or_o inheritance_n but_o as_o a_o reward_n of_o their_o service_n or_o by_o some_o intervening_a agreement_n gervase_n of_o tilbury_n or_o the_o black_a book_n in_o the_o exchequer_n lib._n 1._o cap._n de_fw-fr murdro_n de_fw-fr necessary_a observe_v the_o next_o testimony_n i_o shall_v produce_v be_v out_o of_o gulielmus_fw-la pictaviensis_fw-la who_o live_v about_o the_o time_n of_o ingulph_n this_o writer_n speak_v of_o king_n william_n coronation_n add_v cujus_fw-la liberi_fw-la atque_fw-la nepotes_fw-la etc._n etc._n i._n e._n who_o child_n and_o posterity_n shall_v govern_v england_n by_o a_o just_a succession_n which_o he_o possess_v by_o a_o hereditary_a bequest_n confirm_v by_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o english_a and_o by_o the_o right_n of_o his_o sword_n gul._n pict_n fol._n 206._o far_o ordericus_n vitalis_n who_o live_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o william_n the_o second_o tell_v we_o how_o william_n the_o first_o circumvent_v the_o two_o great_a earl_n of_o mercia_n and_o that_o after_o edwin_n be_v slay_v and_o morcar_n imprison_v than_o king_n william_n begin_v to_o show_v himself_o and_o give_v his_o assistant_n the_o best_a and_o most_o considerable_a county_n in_o england_n and_o make_v rich_a colonel_n and_o captain_n of_o very_o mean_a norman_n oder_fw-ge vital_a fol._n 251._o the_o same_o author_n relate_v that_o after_o the_o norman_a arm_n overcome_v england_n and_o king_n william_n have_v reduce_v it_o under_o the_o government_n of_o his_o own_o law_n he_o make_v fulcard_v a_o monk_n of_o st._n omers_n abbot_n of_o thorney_n ibid._n fol._n 853._o henry_n archdeacon_n of_o huntingdon_n who_o live_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n stephen_n be_v full_a to_o the_o same_o purpose_n anno_fw-la gratiae_n 1066._o perfecit_fw-la dominus_fw-la dominator_fw-la etc._n etc._n i._n e._n in_o the_o year_n etc._n etc._n the_o great_a ruler_n of_o kingdom_n bring_v that_o to_o pass_v which_o he_o have_v long_o intend_v against_o the_o english_a for_o he_o deliver_v they_o over_o to_o be_v destroy_v by_o the_o rough_a and_o politic_a nation_n of_o the_o norman_n fol._n 210._o and_o in_o another_o place_n more_o particular_o when_o the_o norman_n have_v execute_v the_o just_a decree_n of_o god_n upon_o the_o english_a and_o there_o be_v not_o any_o person_n of_o quality_n of_o english_a extraction_n remain_v but_o all_o be_v reduce_v to_o servitude_n and_o distress_n insomuch_o that_o it_o be_v scandalous_a to_o be_v call_v a_o english_a man_n william_n the_o author_n of_o this_o judgement_n die_v in_o the_o twenty_o first_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n ibid._n fol._n 212._o matthew_n paris_n who_o write_v towards_o the_o end_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o agree_v with_o the_o forementioned_a testimony_n his_o word_n be_v these_o fol._n 5._o dux_n normannorum_fw-la willielmus_fw-la etc._n etc._n i._n e._n duke_n william_n have_v fortify_v the_o city_n and_o castle_n and_o garrison_v they_o with_o his_o own_o man_n sail_v into_o normandy_n with_o english_a hostage_n and_o abundance_n of_o treasure_n who_o when_o he_o have_v imprison_v and_o secure_v he_o hasten_v back_o into_o england_n that_o he_o may_v liberal_o distribute_v the_o land_n of_o the_o english_a who_o be_v forcible_o disseize_v of_o their_o estate_n among_o his_o norman_a soldier_n who_o have_v help_v he_o at_o the_o battle_n of_o hastings_n to_o subdue_v the_o country_n and_o that_o little_a that_o be_v leave_v he_o put_v under_o the_o yoke_n of_o perpetual_a servitude_n and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o tell_v we_o that_o king_n william_n bring_v bishopric_n and_o abbey_n under_o military_a service_n which_o before_o that_o time_n have_v be_v free_a from_o all_o secular_a servitude_n but_o then_o every_o bishopric_n and_o abbey_n be_v enrol_v according_a to_o his_o pleasure_n and_o charge_v how_o many_o knight_n or_o horseman_n they_o shall_v find_v for_o he_o and_o his_o successor_n in_o time_n of_o war_n fol._n 7._o i_o may_v add_v many_o more_o authority_n of_o ancient_a historian_n but_o these_o i_o suppose_v be_v sufficient_a as_o for_o modern_a writer_n i_o shall_v only_o cite_v mr._n cambden_n who_o thus_o deliver_v his_o sense_n of_o this_o matter_n britan._n p._n 109._o victor_n gulielmus_fw-la etc._n etc._n i._n e._n william_n the_o conqueror_n as_o it_o be_v to_o make_v his_o
victory_n the_o more_o remarkable_a abrogate_a the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o english_a law_n bring_v in_o the_o custom_n of_o normandy_n and_o order_v the_o plead_n to_o be_v in_o french_a and_o out_v the_o english_a of_o their_o ancient_a inheritance_n assign_v their_o land_n and_o manor_n to_o his_o soldier_n yet_o so_o as_o he_o reserve_v the_o paramount_n lordship_n to_o himself_o and_o his_o successor_n by_o homage_n that_o be_v that_o they_o all_o shall_v hold_v their_o estate_n by_o the_o feudal_n law_n and_o that_o none_o but_o the_o king_n shall_v be_v independent_a proprietor_n but_o rather_o a_o sort_n of_o limit_a trustee_n and_o occupant_n in_o tenancy_n from_o these_o citation_n we_o have_v all_o imaginable_a mark_n of_o a_o entire_a conquest_n the_o law_n and_o tenor_n and_o in_o some_o measure_n the_o language_n of_o the_o country_n be_v change_v the_o saxon_n be_v transplant_v into_o normandy_n and_o disposs_v of_o their_o estate_n as_o appear_v not_o only_o from_o the_o forementioned_a historian_n but_o from_o doomse-day_n book_n where_o we_o find_v that_o almost_o all_o the_o great_a proprietor_n be_v norman_n now_o this_o survey_n be_v make_v at_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o conqueror_n reign_n many_o year_n after_o his_o take_v the_o oath_n which_o be_v by_o some_o so_o much_o insist_v upon_o as_o appear_v from_o ingulphus_n if_o it_o be_v object_v that_o william_n the_o first_o grant_v king_n edward_n law_n to_o this_o i_o answer_v 1._o that_o most_o of_o king_n edward_n law_n be_v only_o penal_a and_o respect_a criminal_n as_o we_o may_v learn_v from_o ingulph_n hist._n croyland_n in_o fine_a second_o these_o law_n of_o king_n edward_n be_v not_o grant_v by_o the_o conqueror_n without_o his_o own_o amendment_n and_o refining_n upon_o they_o as_o be_v evident_a from_o the_o charter_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o as_o it_o stand_v in_o matthew_n paris_n fol._n 55._o lagam_fw-la regis_fw-la edvardi_fw-la vobis_fw-la reddo_fw-la cum_fw-la eye_n emendationibus_fw-la quibus_fw-la pater_fw-la eam_fw-la emendavit_fw-la consilio_fw-la baronum_fw-la suorum_fw-la i._n e._n i_o grant_v you_o king_n edward_n edward_n s_z law_n with_o those_o amendment_n which_o my_o father_n make_v in_o they_o by_o the_o advice_n of_o his_o baron_n and_o that_o these_o last_o word_n may_v not_o be_v think_v to_o weaken_v the_o testimony_n it_o be_v not_o improper_a to_o observe_v that_o these_o alteration_n be_v say_v to_o be_v make_v only_o by_o the_o advise_v not_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o baron_n and_o yet_o these_o baron_n be_v norman_n too_o as_o be_v sufficient_o plain_a from_o what_o have_v be_v discourse_v already_o but_o to_o conclude_v the_o proof_n of_o this_o argument_n several_a of_o our_o parliament_n acknowledge_v william_n the_o first_o a_o conqueror_n the_o act_n all_o of_o which_o it_o will_v be_v very_o tedious_a to_o name_n run_v thus_o in_o the_o preamble_n edward_n v._o g._n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n the_o four_o after_o the_o conquest_n etc._n etc._n now_o this_o be_v a_o plain_a concession_n that_o the_o right_n of_o the_o subject_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o crown_n and_o in_o all_o likelihood_n be_v intend_v to_o hint_n as_o much_o and_o therefore_o unless_o the_o norman_a conquest_n have_v be_v evident_a and_o unquestionable_a the_o lord_n and_o commons_o who_o be_v always_o very_o tender_a of_o their_o liberty_n will_v never_o have_v consent_v that_o the_o statute_n shall_v have_v be_v pen_v in_o such_o a_o submissive_a style_n if_o it_o be_v object_v that_o the_o conqueror_n take_v a_o oath_n to_o observe_v the_o law_n of_o the_o realm_n in_o answer_n to_o this_o i_o observe_v 1._o that_o we_o have_v see_v already_o in_o some_o measure_n what_o sort_n of_o law_n these_o be_v and_o how_o they_o be_v manage_v by_o he_o second_o neither_o pictaviensis_n eadmerus_n ordericus_n vitalis_n henry_n of_o huntingdon_n or_o matth._n paris_n write_v of_o any_o oath_n take_v by_o the_o conqueror_n florence_n of_o worcester_n be_v the_o first_o that_o mention_n it_o flor._n wigorn._n fol._n 635._o the_o word_n of_o the_o oath_n be_v these_o se_fw-la velle_fw-la sanctas_fw-la dei_fw-la ecclesias_fw-la ac_fw-la rectores_fw-la earum_fw-la defendere_fw-la nec_fw-la non_fw-la &_o cunctum_fw-la populum_fw-la sibi_fw-la subjectum_fw-la justa_fw-la &_o regali_fw-la providentia_fw-la regere_fw-la rectam_fw-la legem_fw-la statuere_fw-la &_o tenere_fw-la rapinas_fw-la injustaque_fw-la judicia_fw-la penitus_fw-la interdicere_fw-la i._n e._n that_o he_o will_v protect_v holy_a church_n and_o the_o hierarchy_n that_o he_o will_v govern_v all_o his_o subject_n fair_o and_o take_v a_o royal_a care_n of_o their_o welfare_n that_o he_o will_v make_v equitable_a law_n and_o observe_v they_o and_o whole_o prohibit_v rapine_n and_o pervert_v of_o justice._n from_o this_o i_o observe_v two_o thing_n first_o that_o the_o legislative_a power_n be_v all_o of_o it_o lodge_v in_o the_o conqueror_n why_o else_o do_v he_o swear_v to_o make_v equitable_a law_n for_o if_o the_o constitution_n have_v be_v settle_v as_o it_o be_v at_o present_a the_o parliament_n can_v have_v hinder_v he_o from_o make_v any_o other_o second_o the_o oath_n be_v couch_v in_o very_o general_a term_n and_o admit_v of_o a_o great_a latitude_n of_o exposition_n so_o that_o the_o conqueror_n be_v in_o a_o manner_n leave_v at_o his_o liberty_n to_o interpret_v the_o obligation_n as_o he_o think_v fit_a three_o this_o oath_n be_v voluntary_o take_v by_o the_o king_n some_o year_n after_o he_o have_v force_v the_o whole_a nation_n to_o swear_v allegiance_n to_o he_o we_o be_v therefore_o if_o it_o be_v only_o for_o this_o reason_n to_o interpret_v the_o oath_n to_o his_o advantage_n and_o to_o suppose_v that_o he_o will_v not_o swear_v himself_o out_o of_o his_o conquest_n and_o reign_v at_o the_o discretion_n of_o those_o he_o have_v so_o entire_o subdue_v so_o that_o it_o shall_v be_v in_o their_o power_n to_o unk_v he_o either_o upon_o a_o real_a or_o pretend_a breach_n of_o his_o oath_n four_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v in_o full_a possession_n of_o the_o crown_n immediate_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o their_o predecessor_n and_o therefore_o king_n john_n edward_n the_o first_o and_o henry_n the_o five_o have_v allegiance_n swear_v to_o they_o before_o their_o coronation_n from_o whence_o it_o follow_v that_o as_o swear_v do_v not_o make_v they_o king_n so_o neither_o can_v perjury_n though_o true_o object_v un-make_a they_o again_o which_o will_v appear_v more_o evident_o if_o we_o consider_v five_o that_o perjury_n in_o itself_o do_v not_o imply_v a_o forfeiture_n of_o any_o natural_a or_o civil_a right_n indeed_o the_o dread_a of_o it_o tie_v up_o a_o man_n conscience_n fast_o and_o if_o he_o prove_v guilty_a make_v he_o liable_a to_o a_o severe_a vengeance_n from_o god_n almighty_a than_o simple_a unfaithfulness_n upon_o which_o account_n a_o oath_n be_v count_v a_o considerable_a security_n for_o the_o performance_n of_o a_o promise_n and_o therefore_o for_o the_o great_a satisfaction_n of_o their_o subject_n prince_n usual_o swear_v to_o observe_v those_o state_v measure_n of_o justice_n which_o be_v either_o fix_v by_o themselves_o or_o their_o predecessor_n and_o if_o they_o happen_v to_o fail_v in_o the_o performance_n though_o they_o forfeit_v their_o honour_n and_o the_o divine_a protection_n yet_o there_o accrue_v no_o right_a from_o thence_o to_o the_o people_n to_o re-enter_v upon_o their_o fancy_a original_a liberty_n for_o the_o duty_n of_o those_o under_o authority_n except_o where_o it_o be_v express_o conditional_a be_v not_o cancel_v and_o discharge_v by_o the_o mis-behaviour_n of_o their_o superior_n for_o example_n suppose_v a_o father_n swear_v to_o remit_v some_o part_n of_o his_o authority_n in_o the_o family_n and_o that_o he_o will_v govern_v only_o by_o such_o a_o prescribe_a rule_n his_o forget_v his_o oath_n afterward_o do_v not_o void_a or_o lessen_v his_o power_n nor_o excuse_v the_o child_n in_o their_o disobedience_n and_o to_o make_v the_o instance_n more_o direct_a if_o possible_a the_o king_n of_o persia_n be_v sovereign_a monarch_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o plutarch_n call_v they_o and_o be_v worship_v as_o the_o image_n of_o god_n and_o can_v never_o be_v set_v aside_o but_o by_o death_n yet_o these_o prince_n take_v a_o oath_n at_o their_o inauguration_n as_o grotius_n observe_v from_o xenophon_n and_o diodorus_n siculus_n neither_o be_v it_o lawful_a for_o they_o to_o alter_v certain_a law_n as_o appear_v from_o daniel_n and_o josephus_n the_o king_n of_o egypt_n likewise_o as_o grotius_n relate_v from_o diodorus_n sic._n have_v a_o full_a and_o unaccountable_a authority_n they_o do_v as_o he_o speak_v summo_fw-la imperio_fw-la uti_fw-la yet_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o the_o observance_n of_o a_o great_a many_o thing_n which_o if_o they_o neglect_v to_o perform_v they_o can_v not_o be_v
our_o government_n which_o as_o the_o enquirer_n acknowledge_v lodge_v the_o militia_n i._n e._n the_o power_n of_o the_o sword_n single_o in_o the_o king._n so_o that_o without_o his_o order_n none_o of_o his_o subject_n can_v form_n themselves_o into_o troop_n or_o carry_v the_o face_n of_o a_o army_n without_o be_v liable_a to_o the_o high_a penalty_n and_o whereas_o he_o urge_v that_o if_o we_o have_v a_o right_n to_o our_o property_n we_o must_v likewise_o be_v suppose_v to_o have_v a_o right_a to_o preserve_v it_o he_o mean_v by_o force_n to_o this_o i_o answer_v first_o that_o a_o man_n may_v have_v a_o unquestionable_a right_n to_o some_o thing_n which_o he_o have_v no_o warrant_n to_o recover_v vi_o &_o armis_fw-la but_o must_v rest_v the_o enjoyment_n of_o they_o with_o the_o conscience_n and_o prudence_n of_o another_o e._n g._n if_o the_o father_n of_o a_o wealthy_a person_n fall_v into_o deep_a poverty_n he_o have_v a_o undoubted_a right_n to_o a_o maintenance_n out_o of_o 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the_o benefit_n of_o any_o rough_a method_n for_o he_o frank_o tell_v we_o that_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a to_o resist_v the_o king_n upon_o any_o pretence_n of_o ill_a administration_n in_o the_o execution_n of_o the_o law._n pag._n 14._o so_o that_o by_o his_o own_o argument_n we_o may_v have_v some_o very_a considerable_a right_n which_o it_o be_v not_o justifiable_a to_o demand_v of_o the_o government_n with_o a_o draw_a sword._n second_o this_o liberty_n of_o resistance_n dissolve_v all_o government_n for_o as_o i_o have_v already_o observe_v when_o every_o man_n be_v the_o judge_n of_o his_o own_o privilege_n i._n e._n when_o he_o be_v make_v the_o authentic_a interpreter_n of_o the_o law_n and_o may_v use_v all_o the_o force_n he_o can_v get_v at_o his_o discretion_n against_o the_o state_n he_o be_v then_o most_o certain_o to_o be_v govern_v by_o no_o body_n but_o himself_o and_o therefore_o three_o this_o liberty_n must_v be_v the_o worst_a security_n for_o peace_n and_o property_n imaginable_a as_o i_o shall_v show_v more_o at_o large_a by_o and_o by_o as_o for_o his_o limit_v resistance_n to_o plain_a and_o visible_a invasion_n this_o be_v a_o very_a feeble_a remedy_n against_o confusion_n for_o since_o every_o one_o be_v make_v judge_n of_o the_o evidence_n and_o the_o generality_n be_v natural_o over_o credulous_a and_o apt_a to_o believe_v ill_o of_o their_o governor_n when_o design_v man_n have_v once_o impose_v upon_o their_o understanding_n and_o almost_o hare_v they_o out_o of_o their_o sense_n than_o every_o thing_n will_v be_v plain_a to_o they_o but_o their_o duty_n thus_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o charles_n the_o first_o intend_v to_o introduce_v popery_n though_o possible_o never_o any_o person_n since_o the_o reformation_n give_v â—etter_a proof_n of_o his_o adherence_n to_o the_o church_n of_o england_n than_o that_o â—rince_n thus_o likewise_o at_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o present_a revolution_n it_o be_v plain_a to_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o nation_n that_o his_o majesty_n have_v make_v a_o league_n with_o the_o french_a king_n to_o extirpate_v the_o protestant_n and_o their_o religion_n though_o now_o the_o world_n see_v there_o never_o be_v a_o more_o malicious_a and_o unreasonable_a calumny_n invent_v but_o though_o report_v of_o this_o nature_n be_v never_o so_o monstrous_a and_o nonsensical_a yet_o at_o this_o rate_n we_o shall_v never_o want_v a_o demonstration_n for_o a_o rebellion_n as_o long_o as_o such_o loose_a principle_n as_o the_o enquirer_n advance_v be_v allow_v his_o thirteen_o section_n contain_v nothing_o but_o objection_n which_o to_o do_v he_o justice_n be_v fair_o put_v consider_v the_o small_a compass_n they_o be_v draw_v into_o how_o well_o he_o get_v clear_a of_o the_o difficulty_n he_o be_v sensible_a of_o the_o reader_n must_v judge_v for_o now_o we_o be_v come_v to_o his_o fourteen_o and_o dead_a do_v paragraph_n in_o which_o he_o offer_v to_o take_v off_o all_o the_o 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manner_n of_o resistance_n as_o himself_o acknowledge_v now_o the_o law_n be_v certain_o the_o measure_n of_o all_o civil_a right_n and_o therefore_o to_o carve_v out_o ourselves_o a_o great_a security_n than_o the_o law_n allow_v be_v destructive_a of_o all_o government_n if_o the_o mobile_n get_v this_o hint_n it_o be_v to_o be_v fear_v they_o will_v give_v he_o no_o occasion_n in_o their_o second_o expedition_n to_o admire_v they_o for_o burn_v and_o plunder_v with_o so_o much_o temper_v and_o moderation_n further_o he_o grant_v by_o consequence_n that_o the_o roman_a emperor_n be_v irresistible_a for_o i_o do_v find_v that_o he_o allow_v the_o primitive_a christian_n a_o liberty_n of_o resistance_n though_o they_o be_v invade_v in_o their_o life_n and_o property_n as_o well_o we_o in_o their_o religion_n now_o if_o these_o emperor_n be_v irresistible_a i_o desire_v to_o know_v what_o make_v they_o so_o if_o he_o answer_v the_o law_n i_o reply_v that_o the_o english_a constitution_n be_v as_o full_a against_o take_v arm_n to_o oppose_v the_o king_n as_o be_v possible_a if_o he_o reply_v that_o it_o be_v unlawful_a to_o resist_v the_o roman_a emperor_n because_o the_o make_n of_o law_n be_v whole_o in_o their_o own_o power_n but_o where_o the_o legative_a authority_n be_v partly_o in_o the_o king_n and_o partly_o in_o the_o people_n the_o case_n be_v otherwise_o to_o this_o i_o answer_v that_o the_o division_n of_o the_o legislative_a power_n do_v not_o weaken_v the_o obligation_n of_o a_o law_n when_o all_o the_o distinct_a authority_n concur_v to_o the_o make_n of_o it_o e._n g._n i_o question_v not_o but_o our_o author_n will_v grant_v that_o the_o english_a law_n though_o the_o people_n have_v a_o share_n in_o enact_v they_o be_v as_o perfect_a and_o aught_o to_o be_v as_o inviolable_a as_o those_o in_o turkey_n where_o all_o depend_v upon_o the_o prince_n will_v therefore_o if_o the_o
be_v not_o count_v a_o good_a protestant_n who_o will_v not_o believe_v they_o how_o well_o they_o have_v be_v prove_v since_o the_o world_n know_v and_o here_o i_o can_v omit_v take_v notice_n what_o a_o frantic_a and_o ruinous_a maxim_n it_o be_v to_o assert_v that_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o the_o people_n to_o set_v their_o king_n aside_o upon_o a_o bare_a jealousy_n and_o apprehension_n of_o rigour_n give_v they_o but_o this_o liberty_n and_o a_o impostor_n will_v easy_o fright_v they_o into_o a_o state_n of_o nature_n and_o carry_v they_o whether_o he_o please_v if_o we_o may_v renounce_v the_o government_n as_o often_o as_o any_o bold_a pretence_n be_v make_v against_o it_o and_o translate_v our_o allegiance_n upon_o conjecture_n and_o report_n the_o contest_v about_o dominion_n will_v be_v so_o frequent_a and_o terrible_a yet_o we_o have_v better_o disband_v into_o solitude_n than_o live_v any_o long_a together_o if_o calumny_n and_o aspersion_n and_o all_o undemonstrate_v report_n ought_v to_o go_v for_o no_o more_o be_v sufficient_a to_o cancel_v our_o obedience_n than_o no_o prince_n can_v have_v any_o title_n as_o long_o as_o there_o be_v either_o knavery_n or_o folly_n in_o the_o world._n this_o principle_n lay_v a_o foundation_n for_o a_o rebellion_n every_o week_n and_o render_v all_o government_n impracticable_a by_o act_v in_o this_o manner_n we_o put_v it_o in_o the_o power_n of_o slander_n and_o perjury_n to_o determine_v the_o weighty_a point_n of_o justice_n and_o make_v it_o a_o easy_a task_n to_o over-turn_a a_o kingdom_n with_o a_o lye._n if_o it_o be_v urge_v that_o it_o be_v needless_a to_o search_v after_o far_a proof_n that_o the_o subversion_n of_o protestancy_n be_v intend_v because_o a_o prince_n of_o his_o majesty_n persuasion_n and_o zeal_n must_v necessary_o think_v himself_o oblige_v to_o pursue_v a_o design_n of_o this_o nature_n before_o i_o return_v a_o answer_n i_o shall_v just_o observe_v that_o religious_a zeal_n though_o it_o act_n upon_o misinformation_n be_v real_o a_o commendable_a quality_n for_o it_o be_v a_o infallible_a sign_n of_o a_o good_a intention_n it_o argue_v great_a charity_n to_o the_o soul_n of_o man_n and_o a_o generous_a desire_n to_o propagate_v truth_n and_o to_o promote_v the_o glory_n of_o god._n to_o speak_v free_o i_o can_v be_v hearty_o angry_a with_o a_o man_n though_o his_o method_n of_o discipline_n be_v never_o so_o unacceptable_a who_o i_o be_o persuade_v have_v no_o other_o design_n than_o to_o carry_v i_o to_o heaven_n though_o i_o have_v much_o rather_o he_o will_v permit_v i_o to_o go_v thither_o my_o own_o way_n because_o it_o be_v almost_o impossible_a i_o shall_v go_v any_o other_o for_o rigour_n be_v usual_o very_o unfortunate_a both_o to_o the_o proselyter_n and_o proselyte_v it_o create_v prejudice_n and_o aversion_n to_o the_o one_o and_o make_v no_o more_o than_o a_o hypocrite_n of_o the_o other_o but_o to_o proceed_v to_o the_o objection_n in_o order_n to_o the_o confute_v of_o which_o i_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o prove_v these_o two_o thing_n first_o that_o his_o majesty_n be_v not_o oblige_v by_o the_o principle_n of_o his_o church_n to_o attempt_v the_o convert_v his_o subject_n by_o severity_n second_o that_o in_o all_o humane_a probability_n such_o a_o method_n will_v prove_v unsuccessful_a first_o that_o his_o majesty_n be_v not_o oblige_v by_o the_o principle_n of_o his_o church_n to_o attempt_v the_o convert_v his_o subject_n by_o severity_n the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n i_o conceive_v be_v to_o be_v collect_v these_o four_o way_n either_o from_o her_o eminent_a divine_n the_o bull_n of_o pope_n the_o decree_n of_o council_n or_o the_o usual_a practice_n which_o when_o a_o case_n be_v doubtful_a aught_o to_o be_v take_v for_o the_o sense_n of_o a_o communion_n to_o begin_v with_o their_o divine_n cassander_n a_o person_n of_o great_a learning_n and_o judgement_n and_o who_o write_n be_v never_o censure_v insist_o upon_o gentle_a method_n for_o the_o propagation_n of_o religion_n disapprove_v of_o severity_n and_o tell_v we_o it_o have_v be_v a_o miserable_a occasion_n of_o the_o spread_a of_o schism_n de_n offic._n pii_fw-la viri_fw-la pag._n 187._o 196._o but_o because_o it_o may_v be_v object_v this_o author_n be_v more_o gentle_a in_o his_o censure_n and_o allow_v a_o great_a latitude_n than_o the_o generality_n of_o communion_n i_o shall_v subjoin_v the_o testimony_n of_o other_o of_o a_o straight_a principle_n and_o who_o be_v well_o know_v to_o carry_v up_o popery_n to_o the_o height_n 1._o thomas_n aquinas_n yield_v 22_o ae_z q._n 10._o art._n 11._o c._n that_o unlawful_a worship_n ritus_fw-la infidelium_fw-la under_o which_o word_n he_o comprehend_v a_o heretical_a religion_n as_o appear_v both_o from_o this_o conclusion_n and_o from_o his_o next_o question_n 22_o ae_z q._n 11._o 1._o may_v be_v tolerate_v in_o some_o case_n which_o he_o prove_v 1._o because_o the_o church_n ought_v to_o take_v her_o measure_n of_o government_n from_o the_o administration_n of_o providence_n now_o god_n permit_v many_o ill_a practice_n in_o the_o world_n lest_o a_o forcible_a restraint_n shall_v prevent_v a_o great_a good_a or_o prove_v the_o occasion_n of_o a_o great_a evil._n therefore_o infidel_n and_o heretic_n have_v be_v sometime_o tolerate_v by_o the_o church_n when_o their_o number_n be_v great_a and_o discipline_n can_v not_o take_v place_n without_o the_o hazard_n of_o give_v great_a offence_n without_o occasion_v a_o commotion_n or_o civil_a disturbance_n and_o hinder_v the_o salvation_n of_o those_o who_o by_o fair_a mean_n may_v by_o degree_n be_v win_v over_o to_o the_o catholic_n faith._n these_o argument_n for_o toleration_n be_v much_o strong_a now_o than_o they_o be_v either_o in_o aquinas_n his_o time_n or_o before_o it_o and_o therefore_o if_o he_o have_v live_v since_o the_o reformation_n we_o have_v reason_n to_o believe_v he_o will_v have_v press_v they_o more_o at_o large_a which_o probable_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o cardinal_n lugo_n who_o write_v since_o the_o counsel_n of_o trent_n be_v more_o full_a and_o particular_a in_o the_o point_n for_o though_o he_o will_v allow_v a_o toleration_n but_o upon_o a_o very_a great_a occasion_n yet_o in_o such_o a_o case_n he_o acknowledge_v that_o a_o catholic_n prince_n may_v give_v liberty_n of_o conscience_n to_o his_o heretical_a subject_n for_o this_o opinion_n he_o quote_v acquinas_n and_o say_v he_o be_v follow_v by_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o divine_n particular_o name_v suarez_n coninch_n and_o hurtado_n he_o add_v that_o this_o practice_n have_v be_v use_v by_o many_o of_o the_o most_o pious_a christian_a prince_n who_o tolerate_v open_a heresy_n when_o they_o can_v not_o oppose_v it_o without_o the_o danger_n of_o a_o great_a inconvenience_n for_o this_o urgent_a occasion_n causa_fw-la gravissima_fw-la be_v then_o suppose_a to_o happen_v as_o he_o prove_v from_o hurtado_n when_o religion_n be_v likely_a to_o be_v more_o damnify_v by_o the_o denial_n than_o by_o the_o grant_n of_o such_o a_o indulgence_n when_o the_o people_n be_v in_o danger_n of_o grow_v mutinous_a and_o diserderly_a by_o strict_a usage_n and_o therefore_o in_o a_o heretical_a country_n such_o a_o liberty_n of_o conscience_n may_v be_v grant_v without_o any_o difficulty_n and_o in_o a_o catholic_n one_o too_o when_o thing_n be_v desperate_a he_o proceed_v far_a and_o tell_v we_o that_o such_o a_o allowance_n to_o heretic_n be_v a_o thing_n lawful_a in_o its_o self_n and_o therefore_o when_o a_o prince_n have_v pass_v his_o promise_n he_o ought_v punctual_o to_o keep_v it_o lugo_n de_fw-fr virt._n div_o fid._n disp._n 19_o sect._n 4._o numb_a 121._o 123._o 128._o 130._o we_o see_v therefore_o that_o in_o the_o opinion_n of_o these_o schoolman_n though_o none_o of_o the_o kind_a we_o be_v not_o to_o be_v rough_o manage_v till_o the_o major_a part_n of_o we_o be_v gain_v by_o dint_n of_o argument_n which_o be_v so_o improbable_a a_o supposition_n in_o england_n that_o i_o think_v we_o need_v not_o trouble_v ourselves_o about_o the_o consequence_n of_o it_o it_o be_v true_a bellarmine_n de_fw-la laicis_fw-la lib._n 3._o cap._n 18_o pretend_v to_o prove_v by_o scripture_n the_o father_n and_o reason_n that_o king_n ought_v not_o to_o permit_v a_o liberty_n of_o belief_n but_o then_o he_o suppose_v their_o authority_n to_o be_v absolute_a as_o appear_v from_o his_o instance_n of_o the_o jewish_a king_n and_o roman_a emperor_n therefore_o his_o doctrine_n do_v not_o oblige_v prince_n who_o have_v only_o a_o part_n though_o a_o principal_a one_o in_o the_o legislative_a power_n especial_o when_o a_o different_a communion_n be_v establish_v by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o realm_n which_o can_v be_v repeal_v but_o by_o consent_n of_o parliament_n a_o king_n when_o he_o exceed_v his_o prerorogative_n be_v in_o some_o measure_n out_o