usurping King there after King Edwards death was by the unanimous consent of the Peerage of England Crowned King Now when King William the Conqueror's youngest Son Henry upon the death of his elder Brother William the Second who had succeeded his Father in the Kingdom came to the Crown which was An 1087. He married Matilda or Maud Daughter of Malcolm the Third King of Scotland by Margaret the Sister of Edgar Atheling right Heir of Edward the Confessor as being descended from King Edmund Ironside half Brother to King Edward the Confessor by their common Father King Ethelred and Grandfather to the abovenamed Edgar Atheling and Margaret And the said King Henry the First had by his Wife Matilda or Maud a Son who was cast away at Sea and a Daughter named Maud also the only Legitimate Issue that survived him born An. 1104. She was married first to the Emperour Henry the Fourth who had no Issue by her and after his death to Geoffry Plantagenet Earl of Anjou by whom she had a Son nam'd Henry the Second Now King Henry the First his Son being dead seeing this Daughter his only Legitimate Issue call'd a Parliament An. 1133. in which all the Lords of the Land took an Oath to be true to his Daughter Maud the Empress and her Heirs and acknowledge them as right Inheritors of the Crown And tho Stephen Earl of Bologne and Montagne Son of Stephen Earl of Blois by Adela third Daughter of the Conquerour was set up to the Crown by the working of Henry his Brother Bishop of Winchester after the death of King Henry the First against the undoubted right of the said Empress yet at length seeing his Children dead before him he secur'd the Succession to her Son Henry the Second who was Crown'd An. 1155. And from this Henry the Second in whom the Saxon Line was restored is Descended James the Second of the Royal House of the Stuarts late King of Great Britain France and Ireland c. who was born Oct. 14. 1633. His Majesty Espoused for his first Wife the Lady Ann Daughter to the late Edward Earl of Clarendon Lord Chancellor of England c. She died before he came to the Crown and brought him Issue four Sons and four Daughters but all dying young except two surviving Daughters The eldest is the Lady Mary born Apr. 30. 1662. and was married to William Henry Prince of Orange in London at S. James's Nov. 14. 1677. The said Prince being born on the 14. of the same month New Stile 1650 and restor'd to his Hereditary Dignity in the United Provinces An. 1672. concerning whom I shall say more beneath The second is the Lady Ann born Feb. 6 1664. And July 28. 1683. was Espoused to George Prince of Denmark only Brother to the present King of that Kingdom he was born An. 1653. or 1. he has had Issue by his Princess 1. William Duke of Gloucester born in July 1689. and three Children more viz. the Lady Mary the Lady Ann and another Princess who died in their Infancy His Majesty Nov. 21. 1673. took for his second Wife the Lady Mary-Eleanor-Beatrix D'Este late Queen of England still living who was born Sept. 25. 1658. being youngest Sister to Francisco D'Este the present Duke of Modena and Regio c. She was Crowned with his Majesty April 23. 1685. And his Majesty has had by her two Daughters and a Son who all died young before the year 1688. And as some say he has had a Son and a Daughter by her since still living Their Majesties reside at present at S. Germains in France and profess the Roman Religion His Majesty has Natural Issue by Madam Churchil two Sons and two Daughters all living in France The Sons go by the name of Fitz-James The eldest is Duke of Berwick the youngest is stiled Grand Prior of Ireland The eldest Daughter was married to the late Lord Waldegrave by whom he has Issue two Sons The other Daughter is unmarried Now as for William Henry of Nassaw Prince of Orange and now stiled William the Third King of Great Britain c. who married the Lady Mary eldest Daughter to King James as above They were Proclaim'd King and Queen of England France and Ireland the Executive Power in him Feb. 14. 1689. Proclaim'd King and Queen of Scotland April 11. of the same year His Majesty has as yet no Issue by his Queen Now as to the Rise of the House of Nassaw and Orange as it concerns King William I shall not seek to retrieve its Original but its certain it flourisht in the ninth Century and I shall only take notice that from Walram and Otto Sons of Henry surnam'd the Rich Earl of Nassau sprang two Capital Lines viz. that of Idstein afterwards call'd Sarepont from Walram and that of Dillenburg which now enjoys the Principality from Otto and therefore we shall confine ourselves singly to this Now John the Third who was the eighth of his Family Lineally descended from the said Otto inclusively had two Sons viz. Henry and William the Elder Henry was born An. 148â— and from him the Principality of Orange Descended to King William As for William the Elder Brother to Henry he had a Son call'd John who dwelt in the Castle of Dillenburg and had twenty five Children of whom I shall note only four viz. John George Ernestus-Casimire and John-Lewis for from them sprang the several Lines of Siegen Dillenburg Diezen and Hademar on each of which the Emperour Ferdinand the Third in the Diet of Ratisbone March 3. 1654. conferr'd the honour of having a Voice and Seat among the Princes of the Empire As for a farther Genealogical account of these Families it may be had elsewhere To the Royal Family of England I must add Donna Catharina Infanta of Portugal Queen Dowager of England born at Villa Vicosa in Portugal Nov. 14. Old Stile An. 1638. and Espoused at Portsmouth by his late Majesty King Charles the Second in the month of May An. 1662. She being only Sister to Don Pedro of the House of Braganza the present King of that Kingdom She resides at present at Lisbon in Portugal Her original Jointure some settled by King Charles was 40000 l. per annum to which considerable additions have been since made Their Majesties have two Uncles living in England viz. the Earls of Clarendon and Rochester The Princes and Princesses of the Blood Royal of England that are not excluded from the Succession of the Crown by the late Act of Parliament I. PRincess Ann of Denmark afore mention'd II. The Duke of Glocester of whom also see before III. Sophia Duchess of Hanover Daughter to Frederick the Fifth Elector and King of Bohemia Married to the Duke An. 1658. Her Children 1. George-Lewis born May 28. 1660. Who Nov. 1. 1682. Married Sophia-Dorothea only Daughter to the Duke of Zel by whom he has 1. George-Augustus born Oct. 30. 1683. 2. William-Ernestus born An. 1685. 2. Christian born Sept.
de Blois born An. 1681. These six were born him by Frances Athanasia de Roche Chovart Gabriel Prince de Mortemars Daughter and Wife to Henry-Lewis Paidallan Marquess of Montespan The French King has only one Brother viz. Philip Duke of Orleans born Sept. 1. An. 1640. He espoused for his first Wife the Princess Henrietta-Maria youngest Daughter to our late King Charles the First She was born at Exeter Jun. 16. 1644 and died An. 1670. He had by her four Children viz. 1. Maria-Aloisia born March 27. 1662. and married Nov. 17. 1679. to Charles the Second King of Spain She died without Issue by him An. 1689. 2. Philip who died an Infant 3. Another Daughter not named 4. Anna-Maria born Aug. 27. 1669. and Apr. 9. 1684. married to Victor Amadeus the Second the present Duke of Savoy The next year after the forementioned Duchess of Orleans died An. 1671. The Duke married Elizabeth Charlotta Daughter to Charles-Lewis Elector Palatine who was born in May 1652. The Espousals were celebrated at Metz Nov. 26. of the said year he has Issue by her 1. Philip Duke of Chartres born Aug. 2. 1671. 2. Elizabetha-Charlotta Mademoiselle de Chartres born Sept. 13. 1676. The Princes of the Blood BEing to name the Princes of the Blood I shall shew withal how they are descended and allied to the King of France Robert the Fifth Count of Clermont and Lord of Bourbon youngest Son to King Lewis the Ninth as mentioned before was the person in whom the Line of Hugh Capet is continued in the Crown of France Charles Duke of Vendôme lineally descended from him was born An. 1489. And left among other Children two Sons viz. Anthony the eldest who was Duke of Vendôme and King of Navarr Great Grandfather to the present King of France 2. Lewis Prince of Conde Great Grandfather to the present Prince of Conde Henry-Julius de Bourbon born Jul. 29. 1643. formerly stiled Duke D'Enghien and now since his Fathers death Prince of Conde He was married Dec. 11. 1667. to the Princess Anne Daughter to Edward Prince Palatine of the Rhine who was born July 23. 1647. and is since deceased but he has by her the following Issue 1. Maria-Teresa Mademoiselle de Bourbon born 1666. 2. Lewis de Bourbon Duke D'Enghien born 1668. and married 1685. to Aloisia-Frances Natural Daughter to the King of France by Madam de Montespan who was born 1673. 3. Maria-Anna Mademoiselle de Monmorency born 1675. 4. Anna-Maria Victoria Mademoiselle D'Enghien born 1676. 5. Aloisia-Benedicta Mademoiselle de Conde born 1678. The Prince of Conde had also a Brother viz. Armand Prince de Conti born 1629. married to Anna-Maria de Monmorency Cardinal Mazarines Neice by the Sister 1659. Deceased 1666 leaving behind him two Sons viz. 1. Lewis de Bourbon Prince of Conti born 1661. and in 1680 he married Anna-Maria de Bourbon the Kings Natural Daughter by Madam de la Valiere who was made Legitimate He died without Issue An. 1685. 2. Francis-Lewis de Bourbon the now Prince of Conti born 1664 or 8. Besides these Princes of the Blood the King has also three Cousin Germans living Daughters to his Uncle Gaston-John-Baptist late Duke of Orleans 1. Anna-Maria Duchess of Montpensier born An. 1627. unmarried 2. Margarita-Aloisia born An. 1645. and married An. 1661. to Cosmus the Third Great Duke of Tuscany 3. Isabella born An. 1649 and married An. 1667. to Joseph-Lewis Duke of Guise She is now a Widow Note That tho this King of France be but the twenty sixth King inclusively of the Line of Hugh Capet yet he is the sixty first King of France for there preeceded twenty one Kings of the Race of Merovius and thirteen Kings of the Race of Charlemagne before the Line of Hugh Capet came in II. For Arms he bears Azure three Flower de Luces Or two in Chief and one in Base the Escutcheon is environed with the Collars of the Orders of S. Michael and the Holy Ghost It has for Crest an Helmet Or entirely open thereon a Crown Clos'd after the manner of an Imperial Crown with eight Inarched Rayes topt with a double Flower de Luce. The Supporters are two Angels habited as Levites the whole under a Pavilion Royal semè of France lin'd Ermines with these words Ex omnibus floribus elegi mihi Lilium Lilia neque laborant neque nent These words The Lilies do not Spin as a late French Writer tells us import that the Flower de Luces which represent the Crown of France never fall to the Distaff and that the Female Sex cannot inherit according to the Salique Law The same Custom having prevailed among the Chaldeans Egyptians Persians Chineses Turks Tartars and Parthians tho the Daughters have sometimes succeeded in England Spain Sicily Sueden c. The King of France pretending likewise a right to Navarre bears also for that Kingdom Gules a Carbuncle noued Or which having a resemblance to Chains of Gold is Blazon'd by some Chains of Gold Interlac'd parted into Orbes Pales Fesses Counterbands or Saltiers The King of France's Device is Consiliis Armisque Potens or also this Nec pluribus Impar Note That the Arms of France in the days of Pharamond and his three Successors were Gules three Crowns Or. Clovis the Great altered them to Azure semè of Flower de Luces Or and Charles the Sixth who came to the Crown An. 1380 reduc'd the Lilies in his Coat of Arms to three The Kings Livery is of a blew colour He professes the Roman Religion and uses the French Language III. Paris is the Capital City of France which has the pleasant River Seine running thro the midst of it I shall speak concerning the extent and number of the Houses and Inhabitants of this and other Cities when I come to speak of London wherefore I shall pass by these things at present As for his chief Seats of pleasure the chief is that noble Seat at Versailles four Leagues South of Paris of which there being a full and clear description extant in English as also of the Seat of Monsieur at S. Clou and of the Treasury of S. Denis I shall say nothing here of them He has also the noble Seats of Fontainbleau and S. Germains beside the Louvre at Paris celebrated by that famous Distich Non Orbis Gentem non Urbem Gens habet ullam Urbsve domum Dominum nec habet ulla parem 4. The Revenues of the King of France are said to amount to eleven millions of Pounds Sterling being above the fifth part of the Revenues of that Kingdom and the French averr France to contain fifty thousand Parishes The House of England I. WIlliam Duke of Normandy surnamed the Conqueror under the pretence that King Edward the Confessor his Cousin who died without Issue An. 1065. Son of King Ethelred by his Queen Emma had by his last Will and Testament transferred the Kingdom to him made a Descent into England An. 1067. and having slain King Harold in Battle the then
29. 1671. 3. Ernestus-Augustus born Sept. 17. 1674. 4. Sophia-Charlotta born Octob. 20. 1668. and married to Frederick the Third the present Elector of Brandenburg Octob. 16. 1684. by whom he has had two Princes but only one living viz. Frederick-William born Aug. 4. 1688. The other Princes and Princesses that are Roman Catholicks I. ANna Maria the present Duchess of Savoy Daughter to the Duke of Orleans by Henrietta-Maria youngest Daughter of Charles I. born Aug. 27. 1669. Her Children 1. Maria-Adelheid or Adetherd born Dec. 6. 1685. 2. Another Princess born Aug. 30. 1688. II. ELizabeth-Charlotta the present Duchess of Orleans Daughter to Charles-Lewis Elector Palatine Her Children 1. Philip Duke of Chartres born Aug. 2. 1631. 2. Elizabeth Charlotte Mademoiselle de Chartres born Sept. 13. 1676. III. ANN the present Princess of Conde Daughter to Edward Prince Palatine of the Rhine and Grandchild to the King of Bohemia born July 23. 1647. Her Children 1. Maria-Teresa de Bourbon born 1666. 2. Lewis de Bourbon Duke D'Enghien born 1668. 3. Maria Anna de Monmorency born 1675. 4. Anna Maria-Victoria D'Enghien born 1676. 5. Aloisia Benedicta de Conde born 1678. IV. TWO Daughters of Benedicta-Henrietta-Philippina Duchess of Hanover Daughter to Edward Count Palatine and Grandchild to the King of Bohemia 1. Charlotta-Felicitas born March 8. 1671. 2. Welhelmina-Amalia born Apr. 26. 1673 The Princes of the House of Nassau are to be found in the Genealogies of the Princes of the Empire II. The Sovereign Ensigns Armorial of the King of England are as follows In the first place he bears Azure three Flower de Luces Or for the Regal Arms of France quartered with the Imperial Ensigns of England which are Gules three Lions Passant Guardant in Pale Or. In the second place within a double Tressure Counter-flowred-de-Lys Or a Lion Rampant Gules for the Regal Arms of Scotland In the third place Azure an Irish Harp Or stringed Argent for the Royal Ensigns of Ireland In the fourth place as in the first all within the Garter the chief Ensign of that most honourable Order on which is written this Motto Honi soit qui mal y pense Above the same an Helmet answering to his Majesties Sovereign Jurisdiction upon the same a rich Mantle of Cloth of Gold doubled Ermine adorn'd with an Imperial Crown and Surmounted for a Crest by a Lion Passant Guardant Crown'd with the Like supported by a Lion Guardant Or Crown'd as the former and an Unicorn Argent Gorg'd with a Crown thereto a Chain affixt passing betwixt his forelegs and reflexed over his Back Or both standing on a Compartment plac'd underneath and in the Table of the Compartment is his Majesties Royal Motto Dieu mon Droit King William as Earl of Nassau bears Quarterly 1. Azure a Lion Or armed Gules 2. Or a Lion Leopard Gules armed and crown'd Azure 3. Gules a Fesse Argent 4. Gules two Leopards Or armed and membred as the first As Prince of Orange he bears Quarterly 1. Gules a Bend Or. 2. An Hunters Horn Azure stringed Gules The third as c. over all an Escutcheon of Pretence Checquy Or and Azure More briefly thus quarterly Chalons and Aurange under an Escutcheon of Geneva His Motto is Je maintiendray His Majesties Livery is a Red Colour before his coming to the Crown it was blew He Professes the Protestant Religion according to the Church of England and uses now the English Language Note that as Charles the Fifth who came to the Crown of France An. 1364. was the first who in his Fathers life time was stiled the Dolphin So Edward the Second Son of Edward the First King of England was the first Prince of Wales so created An. 1300 to gratifie the Welchmen his Father Edward the First having slain in Battel Leoline the last of the Welsh Princes and united Wales to the Crown of England And perhaps it was in imitation of this that the Donor of Dolphine would have the eldest Son of France stiled the Dolphin The Title of Prince of Wales in the eldest Son of England having preceeded the other for many years The particular Cognizance of a Prince of Wales is a Plumb of Feathers with this Motto Ich-Dien that is I serve III. London seated on the famous navigable River Thames is the Capital City of England and the undoubted most famous Emporium and for ought appears the greatest and most considerable City of the Universe For as to Pequin in China the only City to be brought in competition which by some is imagined to be greater we have no account of it fit to reason upon The late ingenious Sir William Petty having critically examined the capaciousness and populosity of London and its other advantages and compared them with the other chief Cities of Europe according to what accounts could be gotten of them has accurately made out the following particulars viz. that there are contained in London 696000 Inhabitants and 105315 Houses Paris 488000 and 23223 Houses Amsterdam 187000 Venice 134000 Rome 125000 Dublin 69000 and 6400 Houses Bristol 48000 and 5307 Houses Rouen 66000 and about a third bigger than Bristol Lyons 100000 Â Tholouse 90000 Â From the foregoing particulars he makes the following Observations 1. That the people of Paris Rome and Rouen make but 679000 or 19000 less than the 696000 of London alone 2. That the people of the two English Emporiums viz. London and Bristol make 744000 or more than Paris Amsterdam and Rouen these being in all but 741000. 3. That the same two English Cities seem equivalent to Paris Rouen Lyons Thoulose these making in all but 744000. 4. That the King of Englands three Cities viz. London Dublin and Bristol containing 813000 people exceed Paris Amsterdam and Venice containg 809000 people 5. That of the four great Emporiums London Amsterdam Venice and Rouen London alone is near double to the other three viz. above 7 to 4. for the other three make but 387000 London 696000. Sir William Petty farther makes out that the people of London are as many as those of Holland in their twenty eight walled Cities and Towns and in their Dorps and Villages or at least above two thirds of the same He compares London with Paris in several particulars in all which he shews London to exceed the other viz. 1. In the goodness of the Hospitals 2. In the cleanly and more convenient way of living 3. In the richness of the People the number of the Servants and greatness of Equipage 4. In the preference of the River Thames to the River Seine both in pleasantness and navigableness the wholesomness of its water and the Bridge of London being the most considerable of all Europe 5. In the shipping and Foreign Trade London therein incomparably exceeding both Paris and Rouen the City of Bristol appearing by good estimate of its Trade and Customs as considerable as Rouen 6. In the richness of the Lawyers Chambers those of Londen being worth 140000 l. Sterling
by Ancient Burgundy which is bendy of six pieces Or and Azure bordered Gules In the fourth great Quarter Azure semé of Flower de Luces Or with a border Compone Argent and Gules for Modern Burgundy Coupe Or. supported Sable a Lion Or for Brabant These two great Quarters charged with an Escutcheon Or and a Lion Sable arm'd and langued Gules for Flanders Party Or an Eagle Sable for Anvers the Capital City of the Holy Empire For Crest a Crown trefoiled Or rais'd with eight Diadems or Semicircles terminating in a Mond Or which is the Crest of Spain The Collar of the Order of the Golden Fleece encompasses the Shield and on the sides of it stand the two Pillars of Hercules viz. on each side one with this Motto Plus ultra The foresaid Order was refus'd by Lewis the Eleventh King of France as having been founded by a Duke who was Vassal to the Crown of France viz. Philip surnamed the Good Duke of Burgundy who Instituted it at Bruges An. 1429. It may be worth notice that the Arms of Castile and Leon are the first which have been born Quartered The Ordinary Device of some Kings of Spain has been this Omnes Contra nos nos Contra Omnes The Title of the Most Catholick King was given by Pope Alexander the Sixth to Ferdinand the Fifth and his Successors for having rooted out of Spain the Moors and Sarracens You may also note that the eldest Sons of the Kings of Spain are called Princes of the Asturias as those of the German Emperors Arch Dukes of Austria Those of the Kings of England Princes of Wales Those of the Kings of Portugal Princes of Algarves Those of the Dukes of Savoy Princes of Piemont c. The King of Spain's Livery is of a Yellow colour His Majesty Professes the Roman Religion and uses the Spanish Language III. Madrid situate in New Castile having been the place of Residence of the Kings of Spain since the time of Philip the Second is become from a Village to be the most populous Town of all Spain The Houses are built of Brick and the greatest part four Stories high all having Iron Balcones All the upper Rooms in the Town belong to the King who is allowed for them There are in it several Publick Edifices very beautiful among others the famous Square for the Bull Feast This Town is about the bigness of Bristol and is kept very nastily the filth and excrements lying in the Streets tho on this account excusable because the Inhabitants who drink Well Water there are fearful to sink necessary Conveniencies left the Waters should be tainted thereby About seven Miles North from Madrid is seated the Escurial or Monastery of S. Lawrence built by King Philip the Second It s a Structure so splendid magnificent and sumptuous that some think no Building in times past or at present comparable to it The front towards the West is adorned with three stately Gates the middlemost whereof leads into a most magnificent Temple and a Monastery in which are one hundred and fifty Monks of the Order of S. Hierom and a College That on the right Hand opens into divers Offices belonging to the Monastery That on the left into Schools and Out-houses belonging to the College At the four Corners there are four Turrets of excellent Workmanship and for hight Majestical Towards the North is the Kings Palace On the South parts divers beautiful and sumptuous Galleries and on the East part sundry Walks and Gardens very pleasing and delightful It contains in all thirty seven Court and Cloisters Eleven thousand Windows Eight hundred Pillars and is indeed a most noble Structure There are in it Seven Communities seven Priors and a Grand Prior. The Revenue is above Thirty thousand Crowns per annum and there is a Library in it containing above Eighteen thousand Books and among them a great many Arabick Manuscripts Toledo is the Capital City of New Castile being situate near the midst of Spain on the River Tagus It s about Four Miles in compass and is well fortified and beautified with a good number of stately Edifices and by reason of its situation in the midst of Spain it s well inhabited both by Nobility Merchants and Scholars beside such Soldiers and their Officers who are continually garrison'd in it It s also honored with the See of an Archbishop who is the Metropolitan of Spain and President for the most part of the Inquisition having a Revenue of Three hundred thousand Crowns per annum and Seventeen other Towns under his Jurisdiction both in Spirituals and Temporals Granada is the Capital City of the Kingdom call'd by that name whose whole Circuit is said to be Seven Miles it having contain'd in the time of the Moors Two hundred thousand Souls and where the Houses of the best sort are for the most part built of Free stone with delicate and artificial Masonry shewing their Magnificence Sevil the Capital City of Andalusia in the Kingdom of Corduba is look'd upon by some to be the fairest City of all Spain It is in compass six Miles divided into two parts by the River Baetis on which its seated but joined together by a strong and beautiful Bridge the whole environed with beautiful Walls and adorned with many magnificent and stately Buildings as Palaces Churches and Monasteries It has a flourishing University adorned with a goodly Library furnished by Diego the Son of Christopher Columbus the first Founder of it with Twelve thousand Volumes in several Languages gathered together with extraordinary Care and Charge and endowed with a fair Revenue for the Maintenance and Enlargement of it It s also a Town particularly famous for Traffick here being the publick Emporeum of Spain for Wines Oils and Commodities brought from the Indies and other Foreign Parts So much concerning the Towns of greatest Note in Spain The King of Spain has likewise in Italy the City of Milain being the fairest and biggest City of all Lombardy containing Seven Miles in compass and Two hundred thousand People It s seated betwixt the Rivers Ticinus and Addua which run hard by it to the great Conveniency of the Inhabitants both for having things brought to them at cheap Rates and for vending and dispersing their Manufactures which are of great esteem in most parts of the World It flourishes in all Riches and in the Beauty of its Edifices both publick and private but three especially commended for their Magnificence the Castle the Hospital and the Cathedral It s fortified with Walls Ramparts and deep Trenches and the Castle in it is so strong that it s judg'd impregnable The Trade is so great that private Shops there equal publick Store-houses of other Places and the People are so rich that the Wife of every Mechanick goes in her Silks and Taffaties The King of Spain has also in Italy the City of Naples which is the Capital of that Kingdom and contains Seven Miles in compass It 's honoured
7. In the wholesomness of the Air. 8. In the cheapness and less stowage of Fuel 9. In the cheapness of all the most necessary sorts of Food and the greater variety and plenty of all sorts of Drinks 10. In the Churches nothing at Paris being so great as S. Pauls has been and is like to be nor so beautiful as King Henry the Seventh's Chapel As to the ground upon which Paris stands in respect of London he says Paris is said to be an Oval of three English Miles long and 2½ broad the Area whereof contains but 5½ square Miles Now tho London measured from Lime house to the end of Tuttlestreet from East to West is above seven Miles and an half and from the farthest end of Blackmanstreet in Southwark to the end of S. Leonard Shoreditch is 2500 Geometrical paces or two Miles and an half yet he says upon a Medium London is seven Miles long and 1¼ broad which makes an Area of near nine square Miles which proportion of 5½ to nine differs little from that of 13 to 23. It s worthy of Observation that before the Restauration of Monarchy in England An. 1660. the people of Paris were more than those of London and Dublin put together whereas now the people of London are more than those of Paris Rome and Rouen The foremention'd Author also makes out by a rational computation that Rome in Nero's time seems not to have been above half as big again as London now is and that now London is near six times as great as the present Rome wherein are 119000 souls besides Jews which he computes at 6000. I know not whether Edinburg the Metropolis of Scotland may deserve noting It s extended from East to West on a rising ground a Mile in length or somewhat more and it s about three Miles in compass The Houses are generally six or seven Stories high and it s greatly peopled according to its bigness several Families living in each House His Majesties chief Seats of pleasure in England are Windsor Castle and Hampton-Court IV. The Revenues settled on the late King Charles the Second by Parliament on his Restauration were 120000 l. per annum which since has been considerably augmented so that his present Majesty has near two millions per annum And we know that in case of a War or the like as at present the Kings of England with a concurrence of their Parliaments are able to raise sums great enough to deal with any Prince or Potentate whatsoever HOLLAND KIng William being Great Stat Holder for Amsterdam I have thought fit to subjoin an account of Holland here I. The Seven Provinces which united themselves at Utrech An. 1579. are generally known by the name of Holland tho Zealand was the first Province which set it self at Liberty The motives which oblig'd these Provinces to depart from the Dominion of Spain were 1. Because Spanish Garrisons were kept in the Low Countries to the discontent of all the Orders 2. The Imposition of the tenth penny on all Merchandises 3. The fear of the Spanish Inquisition which enraged them it being more Politick than Christian for keeping in awe the Nobles and great Persons of the Country 4. The Infraction of their Priviledges 5. The cruelty of Ferdinando-Alvarez of Toledo Duke of Alba joyn'd with his haughtiness and contempt of Persons 6. The endeavours for an alteration of Religion Now the Princes of Orange of the House of Nassau have been the Councel Support and Glory of these Provinces As to the present Prince see England II. The States Arms are Or a Lion Gules holding with one Paw a Cutleas and with the other a bundle of seven Arrows closely bound together by allusion to the seven Confederate Provinces with this Motto Concordia res parvae crescunt The States Livery is of a red colour They profess the Protestant Religion according to the Doctrine of Calvin and use the Low Dutch Tongue III. Amsterdam is the most considerable City of all Holland the Houses are generally built of Brick and it s built on Piles like Venice As to what proportion in bigness this City bears to London I have no exact account but upon comparing the Bills of Mortality in both the Burials of the latter vastly exceed those of the former For An. 1685. the Burials of London were 23222. and those of Amsterdam 6245. From whence and the difference of Air its probable that the people of London are quadruple to those of Amsterdam Dr. Brown having taken a view of this City in his Travels before London was rebuilt gives this handsom account of it Amsterdam for Riches Trade Shipping fair Streets and pleasant Habitations scarce yields to any other City of the World it s seated on the River Ye An. 1470 it was wall'd about with a Brick Wall to defend it against the Citizens of Utrecht The Arms of it are three Crosses on a Pale with an Imperial Crown over all the last given them by Maximilian the Emperour Of late years this City is mightily increaced and encompast with a new Wall and fortified after the modern way And the whole Town being in a low marshy ground the water is let in thro all the considerable Streets and its all built upon Piles or high Firr-Trees driven down perpendicularly so close together that nothing can be forc'd in betwixt them This supports the greatest buildings where no bottom is For the Foundation of one Tower or Steeple alone there were ramm'd into the ground 6334 great Trees The Town House is the noblest building in all these Countries a Pile of free Stone one hundred and ten paces in Front larger than the magnificent Church of S. Peters at Rome and eighty one paces deep or on the sides On the top of it stands Atlas or Columbus holding a Globe on his Shoulders made of Copper of about ten Foot diameter which is as large perhaps as any Globe or Ball whatsoever imploy'd in this Ornamental use The Draw-Bridges at Amsterdam part in the middle and a Vessel tho under Sail may pass them without the help of any one on shore for the Mast Head or break water of the Ship bearing against the Bridge in the middle opens it So far Dr. Brown Harlem also in Holland is a Town of a large extent and the Hague is one of the fairest Villages in Europe it containing above four thousand Houses It s remarkable that the whole compass of the Province of Holland is but one hundred and eighty Miles no part thereof being distant from the Sea above three hours journey and yet it contains twenty three wall'd Towns and four hundred Villages From the Steeple of the Town of Gorcham in this Province a man may behold twenty two wall'd Towns beside a great number of Villages And the Town of Utrech situate within the Province of that name is so miraculously seated among wall'd Towns that a man may go from thence in one day to any of fifty wall'd Towns
with eight Diadems which terminate in a Mond Or. The Motto to his Devise on the Reverse of his Medals is Pietas Justitia coronant His Livery is of a Red Colour He professes the Protestant Religion according to the Doctrine of Luther and uses the Danish Language which is a Dialect of the High-Dutch III. Haffen or Hafnia by the Dutch called Copenhagen or the Haven of Merchants seated near the Sea in Seland the greatest Island of the Baltick lying near the main Land of Scaudia is the chief City of Denmark and one of the best Ports and most frequented of the Northern Seas It s of an orbicular form the Houses for the most part built of Clay and Timber tho there are many beautiful Edifices among them it s commended for a spacious Market-place and has in it a Palace-Royal built of Free-stone in form of a Quadrangle but of no great Beauty or Magnificence Some say it to be near as large as Amsterdam but not so full of Inhabitants Near Elsenore a Village much frequented by Seamen as their Ships pass by the Sound is seated the strong and magnificent Castle of Cronenburg built with incredible Charge and Pains by King Frederick the Second the Foundation of it being laid on huge Stones sunk into the Sea and so fastened together that no Storm or Tempest how violent soever is able to shake it well fortified as well as founded and mix'd of a Palace and a Fort being since the first building of it the most constant Residence of the Kings of Denmark who from hence may easily discern each Ship which sails through the Sound By the Commodity of this and the opposite Castle the King secures his Customs and greatly strengthens his Estate the Castles being so near and the Streight so narrow that by the addition of some few Ships he may keep the greatest Navy that is from passing by him A little South of the Castle of Cronenburg is an Island called Ween a Dutch mile in length but not quite so broad it was given by King Frederick the Second to the famous Astronomer Tycho-Brahe that living retired from all but his own Family he might with more conveniency attend his Books There is in this Island the Castle Uranopolis or Urenburg where the greatest part of his Mathematical Instruments are preserved in safety The said King Frederick the Second built also for a place of Pleasure Fredericksburg among Woods of Beech trees where the King has a fine House and a little Park In this Kingdom are the Knights of St. Mary or of the Order of the Elephant instituted by King Frederick the Second As in England the Knights of the Garter in France the Knights of the Holy Ghost in Spain the Knights of the Golden Fleece in Portugal the Knights of the Sancta Crusada in Tuscany those of St. Stephen in Poland the Knights of the White Eagle c. This King has a Throne made all of Sea-Unicorns Horns Dronthein seated on the River Nider is the chief Town of the Kingdom of Norway The Cathedral Church there is the largest of any in those Northern Countries The Viceroy of Norway ordinarily resides at Bergen The Revenues of the King consists in Imposts laid on Ships which pass through the Sound of which he is said to take one per Cent. on the Merchandises Sometimes there pass three hundred Vessels in a day from several Ports through this Streight which makes the Tribute considerable He has also a Revenue of Crown-Lands and a great yearly Toll made of the Cattle which pass into Germany as also of the Fish transported into other Countries yet it s conceived that the Treasures of this King are not very great partly because there is no other important Commodity but Fish to draw Merchants thither and partly that there is not any one Town of any great Traffick in all his Realms for the entertaining of Commerce The House of Sweden ABout the beginning of the last Century the Nobility of Sweden growing weary of the Tyranny of Christian the Second King of Denmark elected Gustavus Son of Eric of Wasa à Grypsholm first Governour then Duke and last of all ann 1523 King of Sweden Gothland the Vandals Nordland Finland c. and from him is descended Charles the Eleventh of the House Palatine of the Deux ponts the present King born Dec. 24. 1655 whose Father dying while he was but five years of Age the Government of his Person and Kingdom were committed to ihe Queen his Mother and five great Senators of Sweden viz. to Count de Brahe who was Grand Bailieffe Couut Wrangel who was Constable Count de Stembock who was Admiral Count de la Gardie a French Man by Birth who was Chancellor and the Baron de Bond who was Treasurer He was declared Major Dec. 24. 1673. The Contract of Marriage of this King and of the Princess Ulrica-Eleanora-Sabina youngest Sister to the present King of Denmark was signed at Copenhagen May 7. 1680 and on the sixteenth of the same Month it was consummated at Schutturup On the fourth of December following the Queen made her publick and solemn Entrance at Stockholm where she was crowned Queen the next day She was born anno 1656 and has Issue living by the King 1. Hedewig-Sophia born Jun. 26. 1681. 2. Charles the Hereditary Prince born Jun. 17. 1682. 3. Ulrica-Eleanora born Jan. 21. 1688. The present King of Sweden has one natural Brother Count Gustavus Carlson II. He bears quarterly In the first and fourth Azure three Crowns Or two in Chief and one in Base for Sweden In the second and third Barry Argent and Azure a Lion Or crowned Gules for Finland On the whole quarterly in the first and fourth Sable a Lion Or crown'd arm'd and langued Gules for the Palatinate of the Rhine In the second and third Fuzele in Bend Argent and Azure of twenty one pieces for Bavaria The Crest is a Royal Crown garnished with eight small Flowers and closed by as many demy Circles terminating in a Mond Or which is the Crest of Sweden The Supporters are two Lions Or crown'd with the same His Livery is of a blue Colour He professes the Protestant Religion according to the Doctrine of Luther and has many Calvinists in his Dominions He uses the Swedish Language which is a Dialect of the High-Dutch III. Stockholm is the Capital City of Sweden and the usual place of the King's Residence it s a noted and well traded Port and very strong being situate in Marshes and built on Piles like Venice most of the Houses are covered with Copper The Castle of this City is conceived to be one of the strongest Holds in the World fortified with four hundred Brass Pieces many of which are double Cannon The Artillery of Sweden is so great that it s said they have above eight thousand Brass Pieces of Cannon Heylin counts in all the Kingdom of Sweden but one thousand four hundred and seventeen Parishes but many of
a triple Circle of Gold for some Mystery contained in it It s called the Regnum because it denotes the Dignity and Power of Priest and Emperor The late Pope's Devise was Innocens manibus mundo corde The Popes Livery is of a Red Colour He professes the Roman Religion and uses the Italian Language III. His ordinary place of Residence is the famous City of Rome seated on the River Tiber it being about eleven miles in compass tho much of the Ground is there taken up in Gardenage and the like As to the Computation of the People of Rome I have already given an account of them in the Head of England where I speak of London but for a farther satisfaction take the following exact account of them as it lately stood for ten years together given to a very ingenious English Gentleman at Rome by the Abbot Nazzari then Author of the Giornali de Litteroati and as I hear now Keeper of the Vatican In the year 1672 they numbered 121064 In 73 120945 In 74 121726 In 75 131912 In 76 128507 In 77 125701 In 78 116287 In 79 126128 In 80 121031 In 81 115722 Flavius Blondus in his Ninth Book of his Roma Triumphans has this great Expression of the ancient Roman Grandeur viz. There were at Rome in ancient times not only twenty thousand but many more of Citizens far surpassing all the Citizens of our present Towns in the Splendor Curiosity and Luxury of their Houses Furniture and all manner of Accommodations for their Families The Cupula of S. Peter's Church at Rome is the greatest of the World it being one hundred and fifty Foot Diameter That on the Cathedral of Florence is next to it in Greatness The Vatican Library also at Rome is counted the greatest and best furnished with Manuscripts of any in the World Before S. Peter's Church at Rome there is an Obelisk erected on a Basis and Pedestal twenty six Foot in height the Obelisk it self being eighty Foot high The Urn which held the Ashes of Julius Caesar was formerly raised on the point of it now it is a Cross The Obelisk consists of one entire Stone which by good Computation is said to weigh four hundred Tuns which perhaps is the greatest Weight in one Bulk raised by the Art of Man The ordinary Revenues of the Papacy arising out of Land-Rents Imposts on Commodities and Sale of Offices Boterus makes to be better than two millions of Crowns yearly but the extraordinary and spiritual to be far beyond SAVOY I. THO the Dukes of Savoy may not be improperly referred to Germany and contained in the Upper Circle of the Rhine yet because they are possessed of all Piemont in Italy as also of many places in France I think it more convenient to treat of them here Now this Family is justly to be numbered amongst those of greatest Antiquity since little that is certain can be spoke of its original by reason thereof This nevertheless is without dispute that Beraldus Marquess of Italy Earl of Savoy and Maurienne flourished in the beginning of the eleventh Century from whom is descended Victor-Amadeus-Francis the present Duke of Savoy born May 17. 1666 he succeeded his Father Jun. 12. 1675 and the Dutchess Regent his Mother deposed the Regency into his Hands ann 1680. And Apr. 9. 1684 he married Mademoiselle de Valois named Anna-Maria the second and youngest Daughter to Philip Duke of Orleans by the Princess Henrietta-Maria youngest Daughter to Charles the First King of England By whom he has Issue 1. Maria-Adelheid or Adelherd born Dec. 6. 1685. 2. Another Princess born Aug. 30. new Style 1688. The Princes of the Blood of Savoy I. CHarles Emanuel the fiest Duke of Savoy and King of Cyprus great Grandfather to the present Duke of Savoy was born Jan. 12. 1562 who marrying Catharine Michaelis of the House of Austria Daughter to Philip the Second King of Spain left Issue by her several Children but only two survived to propagate the Family viz. Victor-Amadeus the First Grandfather to the present Duke and his younger Brother Thomas-Francis Prince of Carignan who Jan. 22. 1624 married Mary of Bourbon Daughter to Charles Count of Soissons by whom he had Issue 1. Charlotta-Christina who died young 2. Aloisia-Christina born August 1. 1627 and married to Ferdinand Maximilian Marquess of Baden ann 1653. She is now a Widow without Issue living 3. Emanuel-Philibert-Amadeus of Savoy Prince of Carignan born Aug. 6. 1628 he was both deaf and dumb and so wholly unfit for Business of State yet ann 1648 he was married to Catharine d'Este Prince Borsus's Daughter by whom he has no Issue living Thomas-Francis had four Sons more but all dead without Issue except Eugenius-Maurice of Savoy Count of Soissons who was born May the third 1635 and died Jan. 7. 1673. On Feb. 20. 1657 he married Olympia Daughter of Michael-Laurence of by Cardinal Mazarine's Sister whom he left a Widow and by her the following Issue living 1. Lewis-Thomas Count of Soissons born Dec. 15. 1657 his Princess's name is Urania de la Cropte Daughter to the Noble Baron de Beauvois whom he married December 17. 1682. 2. Philip born 1659. 3. Francis-Eugenius born 1665. 4. Maria-Joanna-Baptista born Jan. 1666. 5. Aloisia-Philiberta born Nov. 22. 1667. The Duke of Savoy's Mother the Duchess Dowager of Savoy is still living Her name is Maria-Joanna-Baptista Daughter to Charles-Amadeus Duke of Nemours II. This Duke bears Gules a Cross Argent this Coat being given to Amadeus the Great by the Knights of Rhodes ann 1315 with these Letters in lieu of a Motto F. E. R. T. that is Fortitudo Ejus Rhodum Tenuit The occasion was that Amadeus the Fifth Surnamed the Great forc'd Mahomet the Second Emperour of the Turks to raise his Siege at that time from before the City of Rhodes The said Cross is the Cross of S. John of Hierusalem whose Knights at that time were Owners of Rhodes whereas before the Arms of the House of Savoy were Or an Eagle displayed with two Heads Sable arm'd Gules supporting in Fesse an Escutcheon of Saxony that is Barwise of six pieces Sable and Or a Bend flower'd Verte a Coat belonging to the Emperous of the House of Saxony from whom the first Earls of Savoy deriv'd it They bear also the Arms of the Kingdom of Cyprus which Crown gives the Title of Royal Highness His Livery is of a Red Colour He professes the Roman Religion and uses the Italian Language III. Turin seated on the River Po in the Plain of Piemont is the chief City of his Principality he there usually keeping his Court his new Palace there being one of the faiest of Italy Adjoyning to it is a Park of the Dukes watered with the Duria Sture and Po six Miles in Circuit full of Woods Lakes and pleasant Fountains which make it one of the sweetest situations in Europe Chambery seated on the Banks of the River L' Arch is the principal City of