Selected quad for the lemma: england_n
Text snippets containing the quad
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A41559
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Geography anatomiz'd, or, The compleat geographical grammar being a short and exact analysis of the whole body of modern geography after a new and curious method / collected from the best authors and illustrated with divers maps by Pat. Gordon ...
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Gordon, Patrick, fl. 1700.
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1699
(1699)
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Wing G1288; ESTC R15742
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267,427
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492
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appoint The Officers of State are eight in number viz. the Lord High-Chancellor Lord High-Treasurer Lord-President of the Council Lord Secretary of State Lord Treasurer-Deputy Lord Register Lord-Advocate and Lord Justice Clerk The Administration of Justice in Civil Affairs is lodg'd in the Lords of the Session who are Fifteen in number whereof One is President and to those are join'd some Noblemen under the Name of extraordinary Lords of the Session This Court is esteemed one of the most August and Learned Judicatories in Europe From it there lies no Appeal but to the Parliament which is now made up of the Peers the Commissioners of Counties and those of Free Burroughs The King's Person is always represented in Parliament by some Nobleman who bears the Title of Lord High-Commissioner The Distribution of Justice in Criminal Matters is commited to the Court of Justice which is compos'd of the Lord Justice General the Lord Justice Clerk and five or six other Lords of the Session who in this Bench are call'd Commissioners of Justiciary Over and above these two Supreme Courts of Justice there are a great many Subordinate Judicatories both for Civil and Criminal Affairs through the Kingdom as Sheriff Courts Courts of Regality and the like The Royal Arms of this Kingdom together with those of England and Ireland as they compose the Ensigns Armorial of the Monarch of Great Britain shall be particularly express'd when we come to England The Inhabitants of this Country excepting a few who still adhere to the Church of Rome and an inconsiderable number of Quakers are all of the Reform'd Religion yet with considerable Variation among themselves in some private Opinions and various Points of Church Discipline However the numerous Professors thereof are very sincere in their Principles and do generally practise conformable to their Professions No Christian Society in the World doth excel them for their exact Observation of the Sabbath day and few can equal them for their singular Strictness and Impartiality in punishing Scandals But lamentable are their Distractions of late in Matters relating to Ecclesiastical Polity and how fatal such Heats and Divisions both in this and the Neighbouring Kingdom may prove at last is alas but too well known to all thinking Persons among us The smallest Privateer belonging either to Brest or S. Malo's may easily Attack Board and Sink the Royal Britannia her self if she chance only to Spring a Leak under Water when her whole Crew are at Blows between Decks The Christian Faith according to the best Accounts was planted in this Country during the Reign of Dioclesian for by reason of that violent Persecution he rais'd in the Church many Christians are said to have fled from the Continent into the Isle of Great Britain and particularly as an Ancient Author expresly testifieth into that Part thereof In quam Romana Arma nunquam penetrârunt which without all doubt is Scotland especially the Northern Parts of that Country they being still possess'd by the Scots and never subject to the Roman Power St Rule or Regulus is said to have brought over with him the Arm or as some affirm the Lig of St. Andrew the Apostle and to have buried it in that place where now the City of St. Andrews stands These first Propagators of Christianity seem to have been a kind of Monks who afterwards by the beneficence of the first Christian Kings of Scotland came into the Seats and Possessions of the Pagan Druides a sort of Religious Votaries to the Heathen Gods and had their principal Residence or rather Monasteries in the Islands of Man and Jona and passed under the Name of Culdees ENGLAND bu Rob t. Morden ENGLAND  d. m. Situated between 12 00 of Long. its greatest Length from N. to S. is about 320 Miles 20 00 between 50 00 of Latit Breadth from E. to W. is about 290 Miles 55 50 Being divided into Six Circuits viz. Western Circuit Chief Town Salisbury Oxford Circuit Oxford Home Circuit Canterbury Northfolk Circuit Norwich Midland Circuit Lincoln North Circuit York Western-Circuit contains Cornwall Chief Town Launceston W. to E. Devonshire Exeter Dorsetshire Dorchester Hampshire Winchester Sommâ—rsetshire Bristol N. of Dorsetshire Wiltshire Salisbury Oxford Circuit contains Barkshire Redding N. of Hampshire Oxfordshire Oxford E. to W. Glocestershire Glocester Monmouthshire Monmouth Herefordshire Hereford S. to N. E. Worcestershire Worcester Staffordshire Stafford Shropshire Shrewsbury W. of Staffordshire Home-Circuit contains Essex Colchester E. to W. Hartfordshire Hartford Kent Canterbury E. to W. Surry Southwark Sussex Chichester South of Surry 〈◊〉 Norfolk-Circuit contains Norfolk Norwich E. to S. W. Suffolk Ipswich Cambridgeshire Cambridge Huntingtonshire Huntington Bedfordshire Bedford Buckinghamshire Buckingham Midland Circuit contains Lincolnshire Chief Town Lincoln E. to W. Nottinghamshire Nottingham Derbyshire Derby Rutlandshire Okeham E. to W. Leicestershire Leicester Warwickshire Warwick Northamptonshire Northampton S. of Leicestershire Warwickshire North. Circuit contains Yorkshire York S. to N. Durham Idem Northumberland Newcastle Lancashire Lancaster S. to N. Westmorland Appleby Cumberland Carlisle To England we here subjoin the Principality of Wales divided into Four Circuits each Circuit comprehending Three Counties vix 1. Those of Denbighshire Chief Town Denbigh N. to S. Flintshire St. Asaph Montgomeryshire Montgomery 2. Those of Anglesey Beaumaris N. to S. E. Carnarvenshire Carnarven Mâ—rionethshire Harlech 3. Those of Cardiganshire Cardigan N. to S. Carmarthènshire Carmarthen Pembrokeshire Pembrook 4. Those of Radnorshire Radnor N. to S. W. Brecknokshire Brecknock Glamorganshire Cardiff Besides the Six Circuits of England containing Thirty eight Counties and these Four of Wales comprehending Twelve there remain as yet two Counties unmentioned and which are not ordinarily reduc'd to any of these Circuits viz. Middlesex and Cheshire the first because of its Vicinity to London and the other as being a County-Palatine having its own Judges and Counsellors peculiar to it self These Two Counties with the Thirty eight abovemention'd in England and Twelve in Wales make Fifty two in all But since England and Wales are Two distinct Sovereignties one being a Kingdom and the other a Principality we shall seperately Treat of them both Therefore ENGLAND THIS Country the Ancient Anglia which with the rest of the Island made up the Renown'd Britannia or Albion is term'd by the Italians Inghilterra by the Spaniards Inglatierra by the French Angleterre by the Germans Engel-land and by the Natives England which Name is deriv'd from the Angles a People of Lower Saxony who Conquer'd the greatest Part of this Country and divided the same into Seven different Kingdoms But Egbert descended from the Angles having united this divided Nation and being the first Monarch of England after the Saxon Heptarchy ordered by special Edict above 800 Years after the Incarnation that the whole Kingdom should be term'd Engle-lond which Title in process of time hath turn'd into the present Name of England The Air of this Country is far more Mild Sweet and Temperate than
Rivulets 14. At Glassenbury in Somersetshire are several ancient Pyramids mention'd by William of Malmsbury with imperfect Inscriptions but why when and by whom erected is meerly conjectural 15. In the Cathedral of Exeter is an Organ which is reckon'd the largest of any in England the greatest Pipe belonging to it being fifteen Inches Diameter which is more by two than the celebrated Organ of Ulm. 16. In Dover-Castle is an old Table hung up which imports that Julius Caesar landed upon that Part of the English Coast Lastly In the County of Surry is the English Anas or the River Mole which loseth it self under Ground and ariseth again at some considerable distance as doth also Recall in the North-Riding of Yorkshire Cambden page 155 and 754. To these Rarities abovemention'd I might here add some Stupendious Fabricks in this Kingdom which may be fitly term'd Art's Master-Pieces But to descend to particulars would swell this Paragraph to a disproportionable bigness Archbishopricks in this Kingdom are Two viz. those of Canterbury and York The Archbishop of Canterbury hath the Precedency of York and is stil'd Primate of all England the other being also Primate of England but not of all England A Controversy hotly debated between these two Archiepiscopal Sees but at last determin'd in favour of the former Bishopricks in this Kingdom including Wales are those of London Chichester Carlisle Durham Salisbury Exeter Winchester Worcester Chester Bath and Wells Lincoln Bristol Oxford St. Asaph Norwich Bangor St. Davids Glocester Rochester Peterborough Hereford Eli Landaff Litchfield and Coventry In point of Place after the two Archbishops followeth the Bishop of London next to him the Bishop of Durham 3dly the Bishop of Winchester and then all the rest according to the Seniority of their Consecration Universities of this Kingdom are those famous Seats of the Muses or two Eyes of England term'd Oxford and Cambridge which for magnificent Buildings rich Endowments ample Priviledges as also number of Students Libraries and learned Men are inferior to none or rather not to be parallel'd by any in the World The Names of the respective Colleges and Halls in each of these Universities the most of which do surpass many of our Foreign Universities are as followeth In Oxford are In Cambridge are University Magdalen Peterhouse Baliol Brazen-Nose Clare-Hall Merton Corpus Christi Bennet or Corpus Christi Oriel Christ-Church Pembroke-Hall Exeter Trinity Trinity-Hall Queen's St. John's Gonvil and Caius New-College Jesus King's College Lincoln Wadham Queen's College All-Souls Pembroke Catherine-Hall Jesus-College Halls are Seven viz. Christ-College St. John's College Glocester Alban Magdalen-College St. Edmund St. Mary Trinity-College Magdalen New-Inn Emanuel-College Hart Sidney-Sussex The English being originally a mixture of divers Northern and Southern Nations do still retain in their Humour a just Mean betwixt those two Extreams for the dull Saturnine Genius of the one and the hot Mercurial Temper of the other meeting in their Constitutions render them Ingenious and Active yet Solid and Persovering which nourisht under a sutable Liberty inspires a Courage both generous and lasting This happy temperament of Spirit wherewith this People is endu'd doth eminently appear to the World by that mighty Inclination they always had and still have both to Arms and Arts and that wonderful Progress they have hitherto made in each of them For the matchless Valour and Bravery the singular Prudence and Conduct of the English Nation both by Sea and Land is so universally known and hath been so frequently manifested in most Parts of the World that many Potent States and Kingdoms have felt the Dint of their Sword and been constrain'd to yield to the Force of their Arms. They have also so effectually appli'd themselves to all sorts of Ingenious Literature since the happy Days of our Reformation and are advanc'd to such a Pitch of True and Solid Learning that they may justly claim a true Title to the Empire of Human Knowledge Finally their manner of Writing whether for Solidity of Matter Force of Argument or Elegancy of Stile is indeed so transcendently Excellent that no Nation hath yet surpass'd the English and none can justly pretend to equal them The English Language being a mixture of the old Saxon and Norman one a Dialect of the Teutonic and the other of the French having also some Tincture of the Ancient British Roman and Danish Tongues is much refin'd of late and now deservedly reckon'd as Copious Expressive and Manly a Tongue as any in Europe Harangues in this Language are capable of all the delightful Flowers of Rhetorick and lively Strains of the truest Eloquence nothing inferior to the most fluent Orations pronounc'd of old by the best of the Roman Orators In a word 't is a Language that 's rightly calculated for the Masculine Genius of those who own it Pater-Noster in the English Tongue runs thus Our Father which art in Heaven c. The Kingdom of England is a famous Ancient and Hereditary Monarchy a Monarchy which can seldom admit of any Inter-regnum and therefore is free from many Misfortunes to which Elective Kingdoms are subject yea such a Monarchy in the Words of that Worthy Gentlemen Dr. Chamberlain Author of the Present State of England as that by the necessary subordinate Concurrence of the Lords and Commons in making and repealing of Statutes or Acts of Parliament it hath the main Advantages of an Aristocracy and Democracy and yet free from the Disadvantages and Evils of either In short 't is a Monarchy continues the aforesaid Author as by most admirable Temperament affords very much to the Industry Liberty and Happiness of the Subject and reserves enough for the Majesty and Prerogative of any King who will own his People as Subjects not as Slaves Chief Persons of this Realm after the King and Princes of the Blood are the Great Officers of the Crown who are commonly reckon'd Nine in number viz. 1. Lord High-Steward of England an Officer indeed so great or whose Power was esteem'd so exorbitant that it hath been discontinued ever since the Days of John of Gaunt Duke of Lancaster his Son Henry of Bullingbrook being the last who had a State of Inheritance in that High Office and is now confert'd by the King upon some of the Chief Peers only pro illa vice as upon occasion of the Crowning of a New King or the Arraignment of a Peer of the Realm for Treason Felony or such like 2 The Lord High-Chancellor whose Office is to keep the King 's Great Seal to moderate the Rigor of the Law in judging according to Equity and not according to the Common Law He also disposeth of all Ecclesiastical Benesices in the King's Gift if valued under 20 l. a Year in the King's Book In case there be no Chancellor then the Lord Keeper is the same in Authority Power Precedence only different in Patent 3 The Lord High Treasurer whose Office as being Praefectus Aerarii