Selected quad for the lemma: england_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
england_n	duke_n	york_n	young_a	376	4	7.3140	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A51449	The most Christian Turk: or, a view of the life and bloody reign of Lewis XIV. present King of France Containing an account of his monstrous birth, the transactions that happened during his minority under Cardinal Mazarine; afterwards his own unjust enterprizes in war and peace, as breach of leagues, oaths, &c. the blasphemous titles given him, his love-intrigues, his confederacy with the Turk to invade Christendom, the cruel persecution of his Protestant subjects, his conniving with pirates, his unjustly invading the empire, &c. laying all waste before him with fire and sword, his quarrels with the Pope and Genoieze, his treachery against England, Scotland, and Ireland, the engagements of the confederate princes against him; with all the battles, sieges, and sea fights, that have happened of consequence to this time.		1690 (1690)	Wing M2870A; ESTC R216384	73,891	189

to the Progress of their Arms whereby he became a great Instrument of keeping Lewis the Great in his Throne who else had by this time been Little and Insignificant But in what manner he requited him the Sequel will demonstrate The Prince of Conde after much Blood-shed in an intestine War retreated into Flanders with divers of his Party who would not leave him and there was set at the Head of the Spanish Forces Whereupon Hostilities ensued and the Spaniards recovered a great many of the Towns that had been taken from them So that where Force could not prevail Insinuation and Flattery took place and at last the Prince was gained upon to return Home as did the Dukes of Conti and Longueville being highly Caressed and a Pardon was published to all that had been in the Civil War and Lewis who hitherto had acted nothing memorable in his own Person being arrived at the Thirteenth Year of his Age Anno 1651 he was declared to be of sufficient Years to take upon him the Government and to act in Person which Declaration was approved by the Parliament of Paris and Proclaimed throughout the Kingdom Yet the War continued with Spain and many Battels were fought and Towns lost and won things being carried on with various Success So that the King that he might say he had been on Horse-back got up at the Head of his Troops to shew himself to the People which did indeed give a little hopes to those that were ready to revolt that things might go better than they had done But how they were mistaken will appear in its proper place In the Year 1654 great Preparations were made to Crown Lewis King of France and Navar and on the Fourth of June the Court arrived at Rhemes and was received by about Two thousand of the Citizens on Horseback about a League from that place to which was made a Guard of about Five thousand of the Inhabitants in Arms and the Suburbs were crouded with the Soldiery At the Entry were divers Triumphal Arches beautified with golded Lilies and many flattering Devices the Streets being hung with Tapestry and other Ornaments And upon his approach the Cannons were thundred off and volleys of small Shot discharged and the Aldermen of the City taking him for some petty Deity fell on their Knees and in that posture presented him the Silver Keys of the Town And Cardinal Mazarine being at the Church of Nostrodame with the Clergy the King alighted there The Bishop of Soissons officiated in the stead of the Archbishop of Rhemes who was a little before dead the Bishop of Caesaria being his Coadjutor The Bishops of Noyon and Beauvais attended in their Pontificals the first making an Oration in which he gave the King many flattering Epithets scarce due to mortal Man However knowing that Air of Vanity possessed his Mind that makes him value himself much upon his own Praises nothing was omitted that a Court-parasite could industriously produce Then the Archdeacon did the like and the Deacon gave him a Missal to kiss who kneeled down upon two Velvet Cushions placed on a Foot-cloath under a Canopy of State and from thence he went unto the Choire to assist at the Te Deum and the Vespers were performed in Musick The Vespers over he went to the Archbishop's Palace which was prepared to receive him and the next day the Coronation was Solemnized with great Pomp the Queen-Mother of England and the Dukes of York and Gloucester being present And there he was annointed with the Holy Oil which the Priest makes the ignorant People believe was miraculously sent from Heaven on purpose to annoint their Kings that they may be the more Dreaded and Reverenced And now this spruce young Monsieur being on the Throne began to make some Figure in the World though he still acted by others Heads and Advice And to give the World a proof of French Fidelity he clapp'd up a Peace contrary to all Mens Expectation with Oliver Cromwell the English Protector at the time when King Charles II. with his two Brothers were at the French Court and had been promised not only Protection but also aid to regain the usurped Kingdoms of England Scotland and Ireland c. Nor was this all but he proceeded more treacherously with his near Kinsmen for in the Treaty amongst other things there was an Article to Banish them France and its Territories Of which King Charles having private Notice and finding it fruitless to complain where the Royal engagement was so little regarded to avoid a ceremonious Expulsion with generous disdain he turned his Back upon that ungrateful Court and with his faithful Followers as Prince Rupert and other Nobles he retired into Germany and was there received with all imaginable Joy and found amongst Strangers that Reception without any promise or word given which his Cousin of France had so generously promised and afterward so basely denied But his Brothers the Dukes of York and Gloucester stayed behind the first having a Command in the Army under Maresch●l de Turin against the Spaniards But that weighed nothing for the League being made he was ordered to be Packing Nay it went so far that a Message was sent to their Mother though Daughter to Henry the Great of France to be gone but she sent Word That she knew her Right to be in France if the King knew not what belonged to his Dignity and that a Daughter of Henry IV. from whom he was descended and held the Crown was not so easily expelled from her Native Country This resolute Answer of the Queen's made Lewis XIV dissemble the Matter and her stay was winked at though not approved Here you may see French Faith to distressed Princes who though never so near Ally'd to that King could obtain Refuge no longer than his Interest moved him to break his Promises And this early beginning has been very much improved as will appear in the Series of this History The League Offensive and Defensive being made with England against Spain Six thousand Men were sent into Flanders who beat the Spaniard and took Dunkirk whilst the French in a manner stood still and looked on For as an Historian of their own truly has it Though France abound with Men it is wont to make use of the Valour of its Neighbours in all Wars against Strangers For it hath continues he been found by Experience That the French are only for the first Onset but cannot abide nor weather so many Discouragements as the English Scots and Switzers can in War Besides their Foot are not to be compared to Strangers therefore they may ascribe their most difficult Conquests to their Money and the Valour of the English Scotch Irish and Switzers According to the Treaty Dunkirk was secured by the English For the crafty Protector not being ignorant of the Falshood of the French Court had given secret Orders to Lockhart who Commanded in Chief immediately upon surrender to enter it and Post his

Men there and even to dispute it with the French if it was not quietly put into their Hands However though Mazarine and his Pupil had a great Mind to this strong and important Place yet at that time they were forced to let it slip through their Fingers as well knowing the Protector had a powerful Army on Foot in England But some time after they found means to Charm it from us with French Gold to the great endamaging of our Shipping which Trade on that Coast In the Year 1656. the French relying upon their own Strength at the remarkable Siege of Valenciennes received a great Overthrow But the English had better Success for whilst the French stood looking on and concluded it utterly impossible Sir Thomas Morgan who Commanded the English Forces Stormed Mardike recovering the Top of the Walls almost before they were expected passing through showers of Bullets and Fire to the Astonishment both of the French and the Besieged and possessed themselves of that strong Fortress and after that they saved it from a Surprize attempted by the Spaniards in the dead of the Night And indeed most of the Towns that were taken during this War may be justly ascribed to the English Valour which Valour peradventure Lewis XIV may one day Experience in the Heart of France as several of his Predecessors have done The Spaniards grown weary of this War the usual way of Accommodation was proposed viz. a Match between the Spanish Infanta and the French King This Match was greatly opposed by Mazarine who concluded if a Peace ensued and the King gave himself up to the Embraces of a Young Wife his Authority would be lessened But the Queen-Mother declared resolutely for it saying That whether he would or no it should be done for that her Son should marry one of her Kinswomen But this had like to have broken off by the Sickness of Lewis which every one concluded would terminate in his Death Whereupon Cardinal Mazarine knowing the many Villainies he had committed in France and the Mischief done by his Evil Council was about to pack up his Awls and trudge for Italy fearing if the King should die he should fall a Sacrifice to the Fury of the Rabble And thereupon he sent a Gentleman to the Mareschal de Turin to know if he might have a safe Retreat in the Army till he could otherways shift for himself But that Protestant General returned him so cold an Answer that he was put out of all Hopes However whilst he was studying what to do the King began to recover and accordingly escaped that Death that threatned him to be the cause of the Death and Ruine of more than a Million of People The King being Recovered Mazarine was sent to Bayon and Don Louis d' Ardo de Gusman came to Saint Sebastians the more commodiously to treat about the Peace being constituted for that end Plenepotentiaries And accordingly it was concluded on sundry Articles to the great Joy of the Frontier-Towns who by Burning Plundering Quartering Soldiers and Contributions were reduced to extream Misery And Lewis sent a Procurator to Don Louis d'Ardo in his Name to Espouse the Infanta and the Marriage was consummated at Fonterabia in the presence of the Court of Spain and the two Kings met in the Isle of Conference situate between both Kingdoms where Mary of Spain was delivered to Lewis of France as his Wife and both Kings solemnly swore to keep and confirm to one another the Treaty of Peace and the Young Queen entered Paris in an open Chariot shining with the Treasure of both the Indias But Card. Mazarine for Grief to see his Purpose crossed as some gave out fell sick and died on the Nineteenth of March 1661. to the Joy of all France to whom he had a long time been a Scourge and instilled that Spirit of Cruelty into Lewis XIV that has since been manifested to the World in Characters of Blood This Cardinal had his first Rise under Richelieu the great ●ardinal of France and from a mean Birth raised himself and his Family to the greatest Dignity France could afford a Subject He was born an Itaelian and by his cunning bore himself up in the Favour of this King and his Father in spight of all the mighty Opponents he met withal For beside the Prince of Conde Duke of Conti and most of the Nobles he stood the Envy of the People in general whom he had sorely vexed by Taxes and Oppressions The Court went into Mourning for him but continued it not long for an occasion of Joy soon after made it vanish The Duke of Orleance falling in Love with the beautiful Daughter of Charles I. of England the Lady Henrietta at the publick Ceremory of that illustrious Marriage the Mourning went off Thus far we have traced this Monarch as we may term it in his Leading-strings For the Cardinal whilst he lived had the absolute Rule of his Mind whatever share he had in his Body and from thence we may hitherto conclude him an Engine that moved by the Dictates of that covetous and ambitious Prelate but for the future we must consider him moving more directly in his own Sphere It is observed of Nero by Suetonius and others That the beginning of his Reign was tolerable and not comparable to those Cruel and Irregular practices that followed and left a Lasting stain upon him to all Posterity Notwithstanding the terrible Name Lewis XIV supposed to have gained in the year 1662 his Ambassador contending with the Spanish Ambassador for Precedency at the Reception of another Ambassador near the Tower was there worsted had several of his Horses and some of his Attendence killed and wounded For the King of England's Council not undertaking to determine in this Matter they were left to dispute it and a Proclamation was put out forbidding any English to meddle in this Matter upon great Penalties so that the Ambassador of Lewis the Great appear'd but very Little being forced to sneak to his Lodging by all the by-Ways he could find though they pretend to claim Precedency of all the Ambassadors of Europe unless at the Court of Vienna where the Lords of Austria bear Rule Yet this made Monsieur to storm and bluster at a strange rate insomuch that the King of Spain being of a quiet disposition and not desirous to involve himself in another War gave him such satisfaction as contented him upon his sending complaints to Madrid preferring the Quiet of his Kingdoms before a Punctilio of Honour Which so puffed up the Frenchman that he had a great Mind to be Quarrelling with England and not well knowing how to begin he pitched upon a peremptory demand of Dunkirk that was then in the Hands of King Charles II. This Demand was looked upon by the French themselves as so Extravagant that they could not imagine the English would hearken to the delivery of a place gained with the loss of the Life 's of so many brave Men and

Death of Turin being wounded and many Persons of Quality killed This was seconded by the Overthrow of the Mareschal de Crequi near Treves For the Confederates having besieged that place which had been surprized by the French the Mareschal came to Succour it but the Besiegers drawing off and giving him Battel his Forces were totally defeated with the loss of Three or Four thousand Men and of all the Baggage and Cannon c. the broken Army scattering and getting into the adjacent Town The Mareschal with sive or six men got into Treves and the Governour being killed took upon him to defend the place but the Besiegers having made Three Breaches so wide that Forty Men a-breast might enter the Officers finding the Ditches likewise filled up and the Storm ready to be made they Capitulated without Crequi who to regain in some measure the Credit he had lost suffered himself to be made a Prisoner of War Binch was likewise taken by the Dutch and many other Advantages gained So that Lewis the Great began to think that he had overstood his Markets and thought it high time to look out for Confederates Whereupon he drew the King of Sweeden into an Alliance with him to divert the War on that side of the King of Denmark and Duke of Brandenburg But the Sweeds had but little Success in his Quarrel as being worsted by Land and Sea and having nothing but the French King's Word for Reparation Insomuch that they were obliged to sit down by the Loss and thereupon Lewis XIV began to tamper with the States of Holland to clap up a Peace without the Consent of their Allies But whilst it was on Foot which made the King grant the larger Terms his Forces under the Duke of Luxemburg were beaten near Mons by the English Dutch and Germans In which Action his present Majesty of England signalized his Valour and Conduct to a wonder and the Duke of Monmouth being a Voluntier in the Army by his Example so animated the English that they let the French see they were capable of turning the Scale of Victory These Bad Successes making Lewis the Great fear he should be reduced to Lewis the Little he made such Offers which were seconded by many Promises and Crafty Insinuations that the States did conclude a peace and had all their Towns except Maestreicht delivered into their possession which made many wonder But those that have weighed the Matter give these Reasons for their making a peace when other Princes their Confederates were in Treaty for that of Nimeguen was still on Foot First They perceived the Ambassadors of their Allies had been several Years in debate at Nimeguen without bringing any thing to Perfection as to the Treaty with France and they had greatly wasted their Treasure in the War and found a peace was necessary to Recruit Secondly Their Trade on which the Provinces mostly depend was greatly obstructed by which means the People were Impoverished Thirdly They were Constrained to take up Moneys on the publick Trust to supply the Charge of the War which being of long Continuance could not but have consumed vast Treasures Fourthly That the Spaniard had not those Forces on foot in the Netherlands that was Expected which might have hindered the French from taking several Towns in Flanders of which without any considerable Opposition they had possessed themselves Fifthly That all things were restored to them that had been taken away which would have been difficult to have Recovered by other means Sixthly By this Treaty they caused to be rendered up to Spain part of what had been taken during the War Seventhly That the French Ministers assured the States that they would speedily make a Peace with their Allies and that they the States should be Arbitrators of that Peace These are given as Reasons And indeed considering how the Ministers of France pressed it with Eagerness and declared the Extream Passion and Desire the King their Master had to be at peace it might have been thought that he mean'd as he said The King himself during the Negotiation sent them a Letter wherein he styled them His good Friends Allies and Confederates promising wonderful things in the most obliging Flattery But no Words or Promises can bind this Leviathan for Lewis knew well enough what he did by making a Separate Peace considering if he should be brought to Strict Terms with all the Allies he must of Necessity part with Lorrain to the Duke its Rightful Lord and with the Franche Compte of Bourgogne to the King of Spain taken contrary to faith given since the Pyrenean Treaty But by not having the Dutch Army upon his back he sound himself able to deal with the rest and to tire them out by delays And indeed by taking these Measures he constrained the Duke of Brandenburg and the Prince of Zel to restore all they had taken from the Sweed since that King stood for the French Interest King Charles II. of England perceiving Lewis XIV delayed the Treaty to incroach upon Flanders found his Honour touched since he became a Mediator and was to be Guarrantee of the Peace And thereupon sent over five or six Thousand Men to defend the Spanish Netherlands where the French during the Treaty and daily Expectation of Peace were like so many Tartars or wild Arabians Ravaging and destroying the Country but the Terrour of the English put a Check to their Progress Lewis XIV having obtained a Peace with the States of the Vnited Provinces he more and more delayed the Treaty of Nimeguen as not doubting to bring the other Confederates to more Advantageous Terms than otherwise he could have been capable of doing And that which made the French King more urgent for a Separate Peace was that he knew well enough that it could not be Reasonably made with the Allies in Conjunction but that the Country of Lorrain would be required for that Duke and the Franche Compte for the King of Spain or what ever had been snatched from that Crown since the Pyrenean Peace which had been so openly violated by France And therefore he concluded to divide the Allies was to make his own Terms And indeed it so fell out to the great prejudice of the Confederaters Especially Spain and the Empire as in due place will appear And indeed Lewis XIV by this means preserved most of his important Conquests at that time whilst the Elector of Brandenburg and the Prince of Zell found themselves in a Necessity to Restore to Sweden all they had taken or by standing out run the Hazard of a French Army Ravaging their Countries whilst their Allies who had already made peace could not fairly give them any Assistence unless like him with whom they had made the peace they layed no Stress upon Leagues any longer than it tended to their purpose But the Emperor as well as Holland having concluded with France the rest found themselves too weak long to contend with a Monarch of such vast