amounts to 78732 l. 12 s. per annum and it is judged the Estates of his Royal Highness the Earles of Corke   Anglesey and Strafford with other Noblemen and Gentlemen of England by old and new Titles draw over as much more both which is per annum 157465 40  which they spend and lay out in Purchases in England c. which for 15 years amounts to  2361978 0 0 So that this one drain if no sluce can be contrived to stop its current must necessarily draw Ireland dry of Wealth if all the forementioned impediments were removed which our predecessors have long groaned under and several strict Laws have been made to prevent it as in the third year of Richard 2. Sir John Davies gives an account of an Ordinance made in England against such as were absent from their Lands in Ireland which gave two thirds of their Profits to the King until they returned to Ireland or placed a sufficient number of Englishmen to defend the same Which saith he was grounded upon good reason of State and was put in execution for many years after as appeareth by sundry Seisures made thereupon in the time of Richard the 2. Henry the 4. Hen. 5. and Hen. 6. whereof there remain Records in the Remembrancers Office here amongst the rest the Duke of Norfolk himself was not spared but impleaded upon this Ordinance for two parts of the Profit of his Estate and afterwards himself the Earl of Shrewsbury the Lord Berkley and others who had Lands in Ireland kept their continual residence in England were entirely reassumed by the Act of Absentees made the 28th year of King Hen. 8. thus much Sir Jo. Davies p. 199.   And though it might seem hard these Laws should now be executed yet it is harder a Nation should be ruined and if themselves be necessarily detained in His Majesties Service or by their greater concerns in England yet why they should not consign their Interest in this Kingdom to their younger Sons c. or be engaged some other way to spend a good part of their Rents here is not easily answered unless private mens Interest be to be prefer'd before the publick for this is a burthen this Kingdom will not be long able to bear   I might also insist upon the great expence this Kingdom is at in educating the Sons of most persons of Quality in the Inns of Court and Universities in England and Foreign Countries which is computed to cost this Country at least 10000 pound per ann as also the necessary Attendance of our Nobility and Gentry at Court besides the Expences of their Persons and Retinue their Charge for new Honours Offices and Estates computed to 10000 pound per ann is for both per ann 20000 0 0  which for fifteen years amounts to  300000 0 0 7. The chief Governors for eight years of this Period aliens to Irelands peculiar Interest their Salaries and Perquisites at least per annum 12000 l. their Attendants and Dependents coming and returning with them estimated at 1000 l. per annum both which for the said eight years amounts to  104000 0 0 Add to this the voluntary unnecessary expence of this Kingdom in foreign Manufactures c. as stated Chapter the second is per annum 267500 0 0  which for fifteen years amounts to  4012500 0 0 As also the Expence of Debaucherys treated of in chap. 3. computed at per anum 294000 0 0  which for the like time amounts to  4410000 00 00 There is also to be added as a yearly Charge in case of the Chief Governors being a Foreigner to Irelands Interest 13000 0 0  The yearly Charge of Ireland is per an 913465 4 0  The total for this Period is  13512660 10 A Consumption great enough to begger rich England much more poor Ireland   The End of the First Part. THE INTEREST OF IRELAND IN ITS TRADE and WEALTH STATED PART II. Proposing Expedients for Ireland's Relief against its Trade-obstructing and Wealth-consuming Maladies hinted in the first Part. By Richard Lawrence Esq Dublin Printed by Jos Ray for Jo. North Sam. Helsham J. Howes W. Winter and El. Dobson Booksellers 1682. An Alphabetical Table of the principle things in the second Part. A. THe Act of Parliament of 17 Car. 2. Irelands Magna Charta and why p. 49 50 Army of Ireland to be managed for the planting of the Countrey and how p. 97 Army of Ireland how it ought to be qualified p. 114 115 Aliens why Protestants of England are to be so esteem'd to the peculiar Interest of Ireland p. 115 to 122 Apostates first from Primitive Purity and Truth in Religion who p. 218 to 220 Antichrist who so esteem'd by Popish Authors p. 206 to 221 B. Of Banks p. 1 2 3 4 Bankers their Insolvency hath been a great damage to Ireland p. 4 Bank East-India its Constitution p. 7 Bankers great benefit by their united Stocks p. 8 Banks prosperity depends on the Princes countenance p. 9. Banks universally useful to a Countrey lowers Interest Exchange and nurseth Manufacturies p. 10 11 Banks secure Peace rescue Trade out of Forreigners hands increase Shipping Fishings c p. 12 13 Banks accommodate persons of all Ranks and Trades p. 16 17 Bank methods of managing p. 37 38 Bank Security is most visible solvent and freest from trouble and hazard p. 35 Babylon mystical where p. 220 221 C. Corporation Trade the foundation of the great Trade of London Amsterdam Venice c. p. 17 Corporation Trade raised the Hance-Towns of Germany p. 18 Corporation Trade still enrich'd the place of its residence p. 25 Governs the Trade of the Countrey p. 32 Catalogue of Irelands chief Governors from ann 1271 to 1680. p. 122 to 156 Coins whether advisable to enhance their Value or debase their Alloy in Ireland p. 173 to 181 Council of Trent their Illegality c. p. 215 to 217 Christians in Asia Affrica c. of the Protestant Faith exceed the number of Papists in Europe p. 218 D. Divisions in Religion much obstruct the Trade and Wealth of Ireland p. Q. R. Dissenters ought to avoid being engaged in Factions of State p. M. N. O. Dissenters cannot rationally expect protection from a Prince or State to whom they will not give all security in their power for their Loyalty p. L. M. Dissenting Protestants not dangerous to the State of Ireland though they were as malignant against the Religion establish'd as the Papists p. I. K. L. Doctrine of Devils by whom taught p. 221 E. Englands danger if Ireland were possess'd by an enemy especially by the French Englands just Title to what they possess of Ireland p. 73 to 76 Englands Factions still weakned its Interest in Ireland p. 75 76 Establishment of Ireland p. 156 to 162 Excommunication of Princes by Popes frequent p. 233 234 Errors in Nonconformity more dangerous than errors in Conformity when p. O. P.
honourable soever was never made up with Happiness suitable to the anxiety of their Mind and Body Sir Henry Sidney who left as clear a Fame as any man that enjoyed the Place parted with it with the words of the Psalmist When Israel came out of Egypt and the House of Jacob from a people of a strange Language Judah was his Sanctuary and Israel his Dominion intimating how little satisfaction could be took in so slippery a Place amongst such a people whose Language he knew not and variety of Interests though the most that have miscarried there have fallen through other mens Interest rather than their own failing And I judge the three last Noble persons sent out of England to govern Ireland will set to their Seals that it is not a short and easie work to understand their Humour and Interest none of them could please all and others of them very few although they were persons of eminent Parts and great Integrity both to the Crown and English Interest yet the Interest of our Trade and Manufactures so withered under their Shadow that they languish to this day of fourteen hopeful Manufactures they sound thriving they left but the stumps of one standing which hath put such a Damp upon the hopes of Success none have attempted either to erect new or revive the old since 2. They oft come with a prepossession of the danger of Irelands encroaching upon the Trade and Wealth of England and from thence rather fear than design Irelands prosperity in Trade and what our chief Governor fears we have little ground to hope for 3. As the proverb is New Lords new Laws so new Governors new Councils it is to be observed the Successor very rarely elects the Favourites of his Predecessor to be his Confidents and then that natural Emulation the Heart of man is addicted to diverts them from building on Foundations laid by others whereby some publick undertakings after a hopeful progress have miscarried to the great discouragement of future Attempts as several notable Instances might be given if it were convenient 4. By reason of their immediate Relation to and probable sudden Return for England they are most concerned so to manage the Affairs of Ireland as may consist with the present advantage of their Credit in England Now though we honour a Lover of our Country as being Englishmen our selves and glory in its Honour and Wealth as younger Branches in the Honour and Wealth of the elder House of their Family yet we may expect a younger Brothers Portion and to be trusted with the Conduct of our own Estates in Subjection to our politick Father and not under the Tutelage of our elder Brother When Abraham sent his Sons he had by Keturah from Isaac Eastward and gave them Portions he left them to manage their own Affairs We do not read that ever the Sons of Isaac or Jacob were entrusted with the Affairs of the Children of Ishmael and Esau though they enjoyed the Birthright and Blessing and it is none of the least Discouragements to English Gentlemen that have great Estates in Ireland from coming to live upon them than that by quitting their Dwellings in England they quit their Priviledge as Englishmen both in respect to their Liberty of Traffick to several parts of the World which they before enjoyed and also their Interest in Magna Charta of being being tried for their Lives and Estates by a Jury of known honest men of their Neighbourhood whereas Noblemen or Gentlemen of Ireland may be impeached in England sent for over in custody and there arraigned before Judges put upon their Tryal by Jurors whose Faces they never saw before and unto whom they are altogether unknown further than the Evidence then given in Court describes them which is an Issue few would be pleased with when it comes to be their own case especially considering the moral impossibility for persons of ordinary Estates to bear the Charge and of small Interest to prevail with necessâ—â—y Witnesses c. to go from Ireland to England to give their Testimony in their behâ—â—â— and to imagine that either Judges or Jurors of England can be equally concern'd to suppresâ—â—â—◠〈◊〉 and Sedition tending to the disturbance of the Peace and Safety of the English 〈◊〉 in Ireland with English Judges and Juroâ—â— Ireland appears very improbable to such as admit 〈◊〉 safety is a stronger motive to all people than Neâ—â—hbors welfare and though England may be grieved to hear of Irelands Troubles yet the English in Ireland must certainly more sensibly feel the Misery that befalls themselves A Merchant on 〈◊〉 may be grieved to behold a Ship wherein he hath some Adventure sinking by a violent storm at Sea but the Merchants and Mariners aboard that see no way to escape from perishing with her must be under a different consternation which represents the true state of the different case 2. As there is much Reason of State against Irelands being governed by Foreigners to its peculiar Interest so have we many Presidents both ancient and modern of Soveraign Princes governing their Tributary Provinces by their own Countrymen the King of Spain discerning the Genoua's were discontented at his governing them by Spaniards c. and impatient for a King of Naples and Duke of Milan born in Italy to secure his Interest without that hazard he borrowed of them vast Sums of Mony they being great Usurers designing thereby to keep them in awe lest they should lose their Mony so the Kings of England could never satisfie the Welshmen until Edward of Carnarvan being their Countryman born was made Prince of Wales which hath since been the Title of the Kings eldest Son God himself promiseth it as a chief part of Israels Prosperity after their return from their Captivity that their Nobles should be of themselves and their Governours should proceed from the midst of them Jeremiah 30.21 which Promise was performed in Ezra's Nehemiah's and Zerkabal's Government so Moses appointed understanding and wise men who were known amongst their Tribes to be Rulers in their respective Tribes Deut. 1.13 Saith a great Statesman to King James To hold Ireland in better obedience let there be sent over such a Lord Deputy as is well acquainted with their Humours and Customs and well beloved of the people * Sir Hen. Wootens State of Christendom p. 2.18 saith the same Author The Spaniards lost the Low Countries by sending Spaniards or other Strangers to govern them having engaged to govern them by men born in their own Country * Sir Hen. Wootens State of Christendom p. 17. And how much this hath been the practice of the Kings of England to place persons peculiarly interested in the State of Ireland in chief Government our Histories give us ample examples Earl Strongbow the first Lord Lieutenant of Ireland 1176. was Prince of Leinster by right of his Wife Reymond le Gross who married the Earls Sister succeeded him as Justice John Courcy Robert Fitz
Government Hook 71.  1346. Sir Roger Darcy L.J.  1346. Sir John Maurice L.J. In whose time Desmond made a dissention between the English of Blood and English of Birth  1348. Sir Walter Bermingham L.J. John Archer Dep. Camp 90.  1349. Sir Walter Bermingham L.J.  1349. Baron Carey L.J.   1349. Sir Tho. Rooksby L.J. Whose saying was he had rather drink out of Wooden Cups and pay Gold and Silver for his Liquor than drink out of Gold and make wooden payment a man of sincere and upright Conscience saith Camp 91. he would be deemed a precise Fop in these days 1351. Bishop of Lymerick L.J. The Vlsters rebel and subdued by the Savages Camp 30.  1355. Earl of Desmond L.J.  1356. Sir Tho. Rooksby a second time L.J.   1357. Sir Almerick de Sancta L.J. 1359. James Butler Earl of Ormond L.J. He married the Grandchild of Edw. the first for which his Son James was stiled by way of preheminence the Noble Earl  1360. Earl of Kildare L.J. Appointed 500 l. per ann Salery and required out of that to maintain 20 great Horse for War Hook 72.  1361. Duke of Clarence Lord Lieutenant The third Son of Edw. the third Earl of Vlster and Lord of Connaght he vanquished the Obrians c. and conquered the County of Clare from which he derived his Title of Clarence  1364. James Earl of Ormond L.D.   1365. Sir Thom. Dale Governor 1367. Earl of Desmond L.J.   1369. Sir William de Windsor L.L.  1370. A great Mortality in Ireland 1371. Earl of Kildare L.J.   1372. Sir Robert de Ashton L.J. 1374. Sir William de Windsor L.L.  1376. James Butler Earl of Ormond L.L.   1379. John de Bromwhich L.J. Richard the Second  1381. Dean of St. Patricks and Lord Chancellor L.J.  1383. Philip de Courtney L.L.  1385. Robert Vere Earl of Oxford Marquess of Dublin and Duke of Ireland L. ◠Of whom Cambden records he died in great anguish and penury leaving nothing to his Tomb but Titles nor to the World but matter of talk of his ill life  1385. Sir John Stanley L.D.  1387. Bish of Meath L.J.  1389. Sir John Stanley L.J.  1392. James Earl of Ormond L.J.  1394. Duke of Glocester L.J.  1394. King Richard the Second in person He landed at Waterford with four thousand men at Arms and thirty thousand Archers left Roger Mortimer Earl of Vlster Lord of Trym Clare Connaght L.L. slain by the Obrians   1398. Roger Grey L.J. 1398. Duke of Surrey the Kings Brother L.L.  1399. King Richard 2. the second time Who came to avenge Mortitimers Death In this Year broke out that bloodie War betwixt the Houses of Lancaster and York from which time not only England but Ireland were divided into two powerful Factions the Geraldines stood by the House of York and the Butlers by the House of Lancaster the King returns soon after loseth his Kingdom and Life   Henry the Fourth  1399. Sir John Stanley L.L.  1401. Stephen Scroope L.D. to Thomas of Lancaster the Kings Son 1403. James Earl of Ormond L.J. Chose by the Noblemen of Ireland  1405. Gerald Earl of Kildare L.J.  1406. Stephen Scroop L.D.  1407. James Son of the former Earl of Ormond L.J.  1408. Thomas of Lancaster the Kings Son L.L. left Thomas Butler Dep. The Sword given to the City of Dublin the Provost made Major  Henry the Fifth  1413. The said Butler continued L.J.  1413. Sir John Stanley L.L. The Ancestor of the Earls of Derby  1414. Crawley Arch-Bishop of Dublin L.J.  1414. Sir John Talbot L.L. In whose time Ireland supplied the King with 1600 men to assist him in his Wars with France  1419. Richard Talbot Arch-Bishop of Dublin L.J.  1420. James Butler Earl of Ormond L.L. His Grandsire James sirnam'd the Chast near Athy vanquished the Armie of the O Moorsand Mac Morroughs c. quelled the Obrians in Leinster the Bourks Mac Mahons c. in Thomond in three months time Camp 97.  Henry the Sixth  1423. Earl of Ulster L.L. And died of the Plague  1425. John Lord Talbot L.J.  1426. James Butler Earl of Ormond L.J. And died at Ormond-Place in London  1427. Sir John de Grey L.L.  1428. Edward Dantsey Bishop of Meath Dep.  1428. Sir John Sutton L.L. Sir Tho. Strange his Dep.  1432 Sir Christopher Plunket L.D.  1435 Sir Thomas Stanley L.L.  1436 Talbot Arch-Bp of Dublin L.D.   1438 Lyon Lord Wells L.L. 1440 James Earl of Ormond L.L.   1441 Sir William Stanley L.D.  1441 Stephen Scroop L.D.  1442 Will. Wells Dep. to Lyon Lord Wells 1443 Earl of Ormond L.L.   1446 Earl of Shrewsbury L.L. 1447 Talbot Arch-Bp of Dublin L.J.  1449 Duke of York L.L. In Meath the Rebels burnt several Towns and Villages destroyed Men Women and Children without mercy Camp 99.  1450 Earl of Ormond and Wiltshire Lord Treasurer of England L. Dep. to the Duke of York  1454 Arch-Bishop of Ardmagh L.D.  1454 Earl of Kildare L.D.  1454 Sir Edward Fitz Eustace Lord Deputy to the Duke of York  1456 Earl of Kildare Lord Deputy  1459 Richard Duke of York Earl of Ulster and Lord of Connaght Lord Lieutenant Who contracted with the King for Two thousand Pounds per annum with the Irish Revenue to support the Government ten Years The Nobility of Ireland increasing in Factions betwixt the Houses of York and Lancas ter many destroyed whereby the Irish grew troublesome forcibly possessing the Estates of the Engli sh in Ulster Munster and Connaght  Edward the Fourth  1460 Earl of Kildare Lord Justice  1461 Sir Rowland Fitz Eustace Lord of Portleister and Viscount Baltinglass Lord Deputy to George Duke of Clarence  1463 Thomas Earl of Desmond Deputy to the Duke of Clarence Beheaded for exacting Coin and Livery   1467 John Lord Tiptoft Earl of Worcester L.D. 1471 Thomas Earl of Kildare L.D.  1475 Bishop of Meath Dep.   1478 Lord Grey L.D. 1478 Sir Robert Preston L.D.  1479 E. of Kildare L.D.  1483 Edw. 5. Rich. 3.  1485 The said Earl of Kildare L.D. to John de la Pole Earl of Lincoln L.L. The Imposture Lambert Simnell made a Disturbance in Ireland  Henry the Seventh   1491 Duke of Bedford L.L. 1492 Fitz Simons Arch-Bishop of Dublin L.D.  1493 Preston the first Lord Viscount Gormanstown L.D.   1494 Sir Edward Poynings L.D. Sent over to quell the Imposture Perkin Warbeck who in a Parliament at Drogheda the 10. of Henry the Seventh past that Act called Poynings Act quell'd the O Caryls Mac Nemarras and Obrians in the County of Gallaway received the Honor of the Order of the Garter
more intolerable then this of Garments is that universal practice of wearing Silk-hoods and Scarfs which every mean mans Wife and Servants c. yea Carmens and Porters Wives put on which increaseth the number of the former double But compute these sorts of Silken Heads and Shoulders worn by these Gammers to sixty thousand persons and compute that expence but at twenty Shillings each person a year it consumes of the Wealth of this Kingdom sixty thousand Pounds per ann Besides it turnes â—elt-making one of the expensivest Manufactures of Wooll in the Countrey and consequently one of the profitablest For it did not only manufacture a great proportion of our Woolls but employed therein a great number of industrious people And suppose the same number of Servants and mean mens Wives and Daughters c. that now wear Silk-hoods and Scarfs wore Hats or Searge-hoods at five Shillings each the Wooll being nor valued above half the price the profit of the Countrey by the labour of the people that is now lost would amount unto seven thousand five hundred Pounds per. ann So that by this one consumption of foreign Silk-Manufacture with its prevention of consuming of our own damnifies this Kingdom sixty seven thousand five hundred Pounds per ann Obj. If this be so how comes it England and France that much exceed Ireland's expence in Garbs and yet both flourishing Kingdoms in Trade and Wealth Answ First it is not granted they exceed Ireland the quantity and quality of the people considered for these Countreys are not only much more populous but far more wealthy and although the Nobility and Gentry of France are expensive yet the Peasant or ordinary People are restrained both by Law and Custom to wear the most ordinary product of their own Countrey And as I observed before the State of France gains rather than loses by the Garbs of particular persons For they sell more to others than pays for the foreign matter they manufacture for themselves But let us compare our selves with England the State and Garb whereof being more generally known to us than that of France and we shall find we much exceed England in the profuseness of our expences this way if the quality and quantity of persons be considered First England must be considered as a Family after many years gathering by great pains and good husbandry in possession of a great well-setled Estate but Ireland as a young Beginner if it have yet begun in the way to get Wealth And if a Gentleman of a thousand Pounds per ann will keep the Port and spend at the rate of another of ten thousand Pounds per ann the mischief of the Parity will soon appear and England does not only possess ten times the Wealth of Ireland but drives ten times his Trade and twenty to one is great odds in expences Secondly if England must be Irelands pattern in Garbs and Expences then review Englands Garb and Expences when its state was more sutable to Ireland and you will find it very mean and homely to what Ireland is now and as it increased in Wealth so in the expensiveness of its Garb and Port and so soon as the people began to break bounds on that hand the wisdom of those times saw reason to restrain them by sumptuary Laws as in the 17th of Edward the Third the Parliament ordained Rules for the Apparel of all Ranks and Degrees of persons as followeth First The Apparel of the Servants of Lords c. was not to exceed the value of twenty six shillings and eight pence their Wives and Children suitable and to wear no Deils above the value of twelve pence Secondly Handicrafts and Yeomen their whole Garment not to exceed the value of 40 shillings no Silk nor Silver c. their Wives Daughters suitable in their Vesture and Apparel to wear no Veil of Silk but of Yarn made within the Realm no Furs but Lamb Coney Cat and Fox Thirdly All Gentlemen under the state of a Knight having not above a Hundred pounds Rent per annum their Apparel not to exceed three pounds six shillings and eight pence if Rents of two Hundred Marks per annum and above they might wear Cloth to the value of Five Marks with Cloth of Silk and Silver their Wives and Children any Furs but no Ermines c. Fourthly Citizens worth Five Hundred Pounds to the value of Knights of One Hundred Pounds per annum if worth 1000 l. they might wear in the manner of Knights and Gentlemen of Two Hundred Pounds Rent per annum none of their Servants to exceed the value allowed to the Servants of Lords before mentioned Fifthly All Knights and Ladies that possess Lands or Rents above the value of Four Hundred Marks per annum to a thousand may wear their pleasure except Ermines and Iewels only on their Heads Sixthly all Ecclesiastical persons according to the custom of their Dignity or proportionably to their yearly Revenue by the former Rules of Knights and Gentlemen Lastly all Labourers and other people not worth forty Shillings are to wear Cloth not above 12 pence per yard These Rules were strengthned with the penalty of forfeiting all things worn contrary to them and by the same Statute Clothiers are injoyned to make their Clothes sutable to the Rates These Laws with some addition and increase of Penalties were again confirmed by Parliament the â—â—ard year of Edward the Fourth being near one hundred years after with power given to the Justices of the Peace to see the Statutes observed annexed to this Preamble Prayeth the Commons Assembled in Parliament to our Soveâ—â—â—â— Lord the King to call to his gracious Remembrance that in the times of his Noble Progenitors divers Ordiâ—â—â—â—◠〈◊〉 Statutes were made in this Realm of England for the Apparel and 〈…〉 Commons of the said Realm no â—â—ll Men 〈◊〉 Women so that none of them ought to use or wear ony inordinate and exâ—ensive Apparel but according to their Degrees which Statutes are not observed to the great displeasure of God and impoverishing this Realm c. And again in the twenty second year of the said King in Parliament Regulated and Confirmed with severe Penalties annexed to this Preamble Because that our Sovereign Lord the King hath conceived by a Petition made unto him by the Commons that divers Statutes and Ordinances touching restraint of excessive Apparel c. by their not due executions his said Realm is fallen into great misery and poverty and like to fall into more unless there be better Remedy provided c. Again in the seventh year of Henry the 8th these Laws were corrected and inlarged with more severe Penalties and all the former Acts repealed annexed to this Preamble Forasmuch as the great and costly Array used within this Realm contrary to the good Statutes thereof made hath been the occasion of great impoverishing of the Kings Subjects and provok'd divers of them to Rob and do Extortion and other unlawful deeds to
Health increaseth and that this is Irelands present case is manifest for if it be considered that before the last Rebellion the Irish Interest was potent 1. The Irish were far the greater number of Proprietors of Land possessing ten Acres for one whereas now of the Ten millions eight hundred sixty eight thousand nine hundred forty nine Acres returned by the last Survey of Ireland the Irish Papists are possest but of Two millions forty one thousand one hundred and eight Acres which is but a small matter above the fifth part of the whole and as the Proprietors of Lands so is it in their Plantations for where there was one English Planter before the last Rebellion 1641. it is judged there is three now and in several of the principal Counties next adjacent to England as Wicklow and VVexford where there was ten Irish Papists to one English Protestant the odds now lies on the other hand 2. Before 1641. their Interest in the Lands and Popularity of the Inhabitants necessitated the Government to admit them to all County-Offices as High Sheriffs Justices c. wherby they had opportunity to encourage the Irish and discountenance the English but now not one Irish Sheriff or Justice in the Kingdom 3. Before the Rebellion the chief Inhabitants of all principal Cities and strong Towns were Irish Papists who bore all Offices and managed the chief Trade of those places all which places are now planted or at least governed by English Protestants 4. Before the Rebellion those Freeholders and Proprietors of Lands there were in Ireland were not the Kings Tenants but derived their Titles from the Irish Noblemen and Gentlemen which contracted an immediate dependence upon them and kept an awing influence over them for though the Kings of England were owned as Lords of Ireland yet the Lords of Ireland ruled as Kings and were so stiled by the Kings of England as is observed by Sir John Davis out of several Records saith he They governed their people by their Brehon Law they made their Magistrates and Officers they pardoned and punished all Malefactors they made War and Peace one with another without controlment and this to the Reign of Queen Elizabeth pag. 13 14. So Hovendon p. 312. and were not entirely subjected to the English Laws until the 9th of King James but had that learned Observer lived until the 12th of Charles the Second he would have admitted Ireland was never entirely subjected to the Crown of England nor the Lands of Ireland never properly called the Kings Land until the Act of Settlement then past as Sir Audley Mervin then Speaker to the House of Commons in his Speech to the Duke of Ormonde called that Act Irelands Magna Charta it exceeding all former Grants of the Kings of England and former Submissions of the body of the People of Ireland in these particulars 1. As a free Act of Grace when His Majesty was under no politick Obligation but what meer Grace and Bounty mov'd him to which never any Grant before was for though they were still stiled Acts of Grace yet Reason of State interposed for them which will be easily granted if the State of England and Ireland be compared at the time of those former Royal Confessions when the Irish still treated with their Swords in their hands or at least hid where they knew how to find them if they were not answered in their expectation as in the History of Desmonds and Tyrones c. Rebellion is manifest 2. Former Grants did only dispose of some Countrys or Lordships to some few persons who depended upon the Crown and all others upon them but this of the whole Land that was not before disposed of whereby there is more Tenants to the Crown settled by this Act above forty for one than by any former Grants 3. Not only the Lands of Ireland but all the Cities and strong walled Towns are secured in hands true to the Crown of England by this Act that never were before 4. By this Act there is a Revenue secured to the King sufficient to maintain a compleat Army to preserve the Peace which never was before Therefore I argue the state of the Interest not only of the Crown but of the Kingdom of Ireland is altered as to the Freehold Interest above double nay treble to what it ever was before the English being in possession by that Act of four millions five hundred sixty thousand thirty seven Acres and the Irish but in two millions three hundred twenty three thousand eight hundred and nine so that if the majority of Proprietors may give the denominations to a Country which usually it doth Ireland is become West England Besides this the governing party universally professeth and only incourageth the English publick Worship it is governed by English Laws enacted by English Parliaments and administred by English Judges guarded by an English Army and governed by English Ministers of State to that degree it never was before and all this administred by the absolute Commission from the King of England and must it yet be kept under and esteemed of as an Irish Interest and Country when the very Nature and civil Constitution of Ireland is altered and proportionably ought the Wealth and Prosperity of it to be promoted by England for these Reasons 1. It is the Interest both of the Crown and People of England to enable the English Interest of Ireland not only to support its self in peace but to defend its self in war which nothing but promoting its Trade and Wealth will do especially the Wealth of its Cities and walled Towns for the increasing its Wealth in the Fields doth rather increase its danger by enouraging the needy Natives the rather to rise when they observe how easily they can possess themselves of so great a Booty but the Wealth of the Cities and strong Towns which is the trading Stock of the Nation is secure and ready to be imployed in the defence of their King and Countries Interest when in danger besides they are the only security and refuge to the distressed English when banished from their Country Habitations and these places of strength cannot subsist without Trade and Manufacture but by more chargeable Garisons than the Revenue of Ireland will bear And what Ireland cannot do in order to its safety England must supply to prevent its own danger for if ever an Enemy surprize and possess Ireland especially the French England must maintain a greater standing Force to secure themselves than would have preserved Ireland if imployed in its Defence it is not a groundless proverb He that would England win must with Ireland first begin and if the French who hath already the opposite Coast and Harbours from Dunkirk to Brest ever obtain Ireland they will then surround three parts of four of England and a great part of Scotland so near that in a few hours they may invade what part they please which would necessitate England to be at the charge of
in the common Bottom out of his Love to the common Eaglish Interest of Ireland and was also nominated when the Act was perfected to come over as Lord Lieutenant to see it executed they then began to take heart and inclined to see the issue of his Government before they would further unsettle themselves consideâ—ing that if his Humour were moderte towards them he had an Interest and Spirit big enough to strengthen his own Resolutions and not 〈◊〉 be diverted from the practice of his own Reason for fear or savour of any of the Parties which was not the case under the present Justices which soon after his arrival they found made good beyond their expectations having equal access with others into his presence and that with good acceptance and also finding they could have equal Justice at the Court of Claims and other the Kings Courts with other the Kings Subjects they gave over their thoughts of removing and disposed themselves to industry in the Country or Cities as their Estates and Educations capacitated them Now it is not to be expressed what sudden alterations this made in the Humour and Deportment of the persons of several Interests one towards another this equal Countenance and Justice of the chief Governour begat an equal Familiarity betwixt the people of different parties and so deep a resentment had the principal persons of that party before most dejected they agreed as many of the Field Officers as were in Dublin to make a solemne return of Thanks to the Duke and withal a Tender of their Service to his Son the Earl of Ossory then Lieutenant General of the Army that they were ready with their Lives and Estates when his Majesties Affairs required to engage themselves against the Kings Enemies under his Conduct which was courteously accepted by the Earl who with many affectionate Expressions in his sweet obliging way assured them when the Kings Affairs required he should highly esteem their Company and Assistance From which time that party esteemed it their duty to study how to approve themselves not only loyal Subjects to their King but grateful Servants to his Vice-Roy Thus all Interest being determined by the Act of Settlement and thereby all Humours composed each party and every person bent their minds and industry to defend their Titles to what the said Act gave them a pretence unto in the Court of Claims where such a brisk Trade was driven in purchasing and prosecuting Titles to Land no other Trade or Manufactures were thought on the bulk of the Cash of the Kingdom being swallowed up in that gulph Yet in that time the Duke considering Land in Ireland would little differ from Land in America without Inhabitants to plant and improve it was very inquisitive after the Intrigue of Trade and Manufacture if he met with any persons that he apprehended were acquainted with those Affairs and in May 1664. gave a Commission to a Council of Trade with full and large Instructions for them to govern their Proceedings by which are printed in my Preface and most persons of Quality having by that time gained possession of great scopes of Land in several of their Lots they found old ruined Towns and discerning no other way to get them planted greweager of Manufactures to whom the Lord Lieutenant gave all possible incouragement that within a few years after we 〈◊〉 erected by private persons on their own accounts many considerable Manufactures â—he Leinster Alderman Daniel Hutchenson at â—â—by Earl of Arran at Tullagh Lord Chancellor Eustace at Baltinglass Esquire Parsons at the Byrr the publick Manufacture of Chappelizod on the Kings account besides several other lesser Attempts In Munster the Earl of Orrery at Charlevil several Dutch Merchants in Limerick and Clare Baron Hartstongue at the Bruff Besides very considerable addition of Cloth Bays Stuffs and Stockins at Cork and Bandon c. In Connaght the Lord Kingston at Abby Boyle Sir James Cuff at Some time after the Duke on his particular account attempted a Manufacture at Callen and also gave great incouragement to some Undertakers to erect the most considerable Manufacture Ireland ever saw for Cloth and Stuffs at Clonmell which for some years imployed many hundreds of people and made as good Cloth and Stuffs as England could produce In Ulster the Lord Dungannon at Dundalk but the Scotch and Irish in that Province addicting themselves to spinning of Linnen Yarn attained to vast quantities of that Commodity which they transported to their great profit the conveniency of which drew thither multitudes of Linnen Weavers that my opinion is there is not a greater quantity of Linnen product in the like circuâ— in Europe and although the generality of theiâ— Cloth fourteen years since was sleisie and thin yet of late it is much improved to a good fineness and strength and will in all probability increase daily both in quantity and quality but all the other Manufactures mentioned after the Dukes removal from the Government dwindled away to nothing except two or three that like sick folk are ready to expire the Causes of which and Remedies I shall shew at large in my Discourse of Manufacture supposing this account of the state of Affairs all the time of the Dukes first Government is a sufficient Answer to the Objection and corroborates my Assertion that it is the Interest of Ireland to be governed by persons peculiarly interested in its prosperity An Answer to the Objection pag. 93. IT is objected in pag. 93. of the 2d Part if the bloody Massacre in 1641 c. proceeded not from any depravity from Principles of Humanity nor from any spirit of revenge or personal hatred against the Protestants but only from their bloody Tenents in matters of Religion as you affirm it were necessary to instance what Points of their Religion they are that render them so dangerous they professing themselves Christians c. Answer As I there hint it is not the Religion of the Church of Rome viz. what relates to Faith and Worship but the Policies of the Court of Rome that renders them so incompatible with civil Order and humane Society multitudes of Christians live safely amongst Turks and Pagans in Asia Africa and America without danger of Massacres or Assassinations on the account of Religion though they have no Law of true Religion to influence them yet the Law of Humanity is not wholly obliterated they know what it is to do as they would be done by as Gage and other Historians of the Spanish West Indians inform us those miserable Pagans will ask what place the Spaniard goes to after death vehemently declaring they will not worship that God whose Servants are so cruel lest they should be as barbarously used by them in the other world And as their inhumane bloody cruelty is condemned by the Law of Nature so much more by all moral and divine Laws Therefore what I shall insist on shall be such Tenents as are not only against all Christian but Moral