and France as being divided at home and many of them had the confidence openly to glory that they would break that Yoke wherewith the Kings of the Earth oppress the People Nor truly could any man have told where the fierceness of this Scourge would have ended and where that Floud would have spent it self unless the divine Majesty which hath hollowed a channel for the Sea set bounds and limits to it and said Hither shalt thou come and no further had not opposed the over-swelling pride of these Waters and commanded his Angel to sound the Retreat A Chronological INDEX FOR This First Part. Old Stile MDCXXV KIng James being dead CHARLES the First succeeds King of Great Britain He marries Henrietta Maria Sister to Louis XIII King of France MDCXXV VI VII VIII The King calls three Parliaments and little or nothing done as often dissolves them MDCXXX Prince CHARLES is born MDCXXXIII James Duke of York is born MDCXXXVII Prin Burton Bastwick having lost their ears are put in prison The Scots grow rebellious MDCXXXIX The King meets the Scots intending to invade England but having made a Pacification disbands his Army MDCXL The Stirs of the Scots occasioned the Kings calling of a Parliament at Westminster which was dissolved without any success So the Scots invade England and take Newcastle The King marches against them but having made a Truce calls a Parliament at Westminster The Parliament meets and under pretext of Reformation put all into Confusion Thomas Wentworth Earl of Strafford Deputy of Ireland and William Laud Archbishop of Canterbury are accused MDCXI The Deputy of Ireland condemned by a Law made for the purpose is beheaded The King also by Act of Parliament grants That the Parliament shall not be dissolved without the consent of both Houses William of Nassaw Son to Frederick Prince of Orange is married to Mary Daughter to K. Charles The Scots full of money return into their own Country The King follows them into Scotland The Irish conspire against the English and cruelly fall upon them The King returns to London from Scotland A Remonstrance of the Lower House offered to the King MDCXLI MDCXLII The King accuses five Commoners and one Lord of High-Treason The King goes into the House of Commons The King withdraws from London Sends a Pacificatory Letter to the Parliament Sends the Queen into Holland with her Daughter He himself goes towards York Sir John Hotham shuts the Gates of Hull against the King Vnjust Propositions of Peace are made by the Parliament to the King The Parliament raising an Army the King at length sets up his Standard at Nottingham Both Armies engage at Edge-hill and both challenge the Victory MDCXLIII A Treaty of Peace appointed at Oxford comes to nothing The Earl of Newcastle gets the better of Fairsax Commander of the Rebels in the North. In the West Waller a Commander of the Rebels is routed by the Kings Party Prince Rupert taketh Bristol Maurice his Brother takes Exeter In the mean time the King himself besieges Gloucester Essex General of the Rebels relieves Gloucester The King meets Essex upon his return and fights him at Nubury The English Rebels put to a streight call in the Scots and take the Covenant The King therefore makes a Truce with the Irish for a year MDCXLIII IV. James Marquess of Hamilton is committed to prison The Scots again enter England The King holds a Parliament at Oxford The Earl of Montross is sent Commissioner into Scotland Essex and Waller Generals of the Rebels march towards Oxford The King defeats Waller at Cropredian-bridge Then pursues Essex into the West The Scots in the mean time joyned with the English defeat the Cavaliers at Marston-moore And then take York by surrender In the West the King breaks all Essex his Forces Vpon his return he is met by Manchester at Newbury where they fight a second time Alexander Carey is beheaded MDCXLIV V. Hotham the Father and Son are beheaded William Laud Archbishop of Canterbury is beheaded Macquire an Irish Lord is hanged The Treaty of Peace at Uxbridge comes to nothing Fairfax General of the Parliament Forces defeats the King at Naseby Henceforward all by degrees fell into the hands of the Parliament MDCXLVI The King having in vain tried the English departing privately from Oxford commits himself into the hands of the Scots Fairfax takes Oxford by composition Robert Earl of Essex dies MDCXLVI VII The Scots sell the King to the English and return fraighted with Money The King is made close Prisoner in Holdenby-Castle The Marquess of Ormond Lord Lieutenant of Ireland delivers up Dublin to the English The Army take the King out of Prison And march against the Parliament The Speakers of both Houses with fifty other Members flie to the Camp The Souldiers attend the Members that fled to West-minster Vnjust Conditions of Peace are proposed to the King at Hampton-court The King makes his escape to the Isle of Wight From thence writing Pacificatory Letters they propose to him four Demands as preliminary to a Conference The King is made close Prisoner MDCXLVII VIII The Parliament votes no more Addresses to the King The Counties everywhere stir the Kentish Essex-men and some others take up Arms. The Duke of Buckingham Francis his Brother and Earl of Holland in vain take up Arms. The Fleet comes over to the Prince of Wales The Scots commanded by Duke Hamilton advance into England They are defeated by Cromwel and Hamilton taken Fairfax takes Colchester upon surrender Rainsborough a Commander of the Parliament Army killed at Duncaster A Conference appointed with the King in the Isle of Wight The Marquess of Ormond returns Lord Lieutenant into Ireland The Remonstrance of Ireton is approved in a Council of War And is presented to the Parliament in name of the Army and People of England The King is carried from the Isle of Wight to Hurst-Castle Nevertheless the Parliament votes That the Kings Concessions are a sufficient ground for a Peace Many Parliament-men are made Prisoners by the Souldiers MDCXLVIII IX The rest amongst other and unheard things vote That all Power is originally in the People Then That the King himself is to be brought to a tryal The King therefore is brought to the Bar. The King is brought a fourth time and condemned CHARLES the best of Kings by unparallel'd Villany is beheaded James Duke of Hamilton Henry Earl of Holland and the generous Arthur Lord Capel are beheaded Lastly Monarchy it felf is abolished by the Regicides The Act is proclaimed by the mock-Mayor of London
them to undertake the Voyage He raises also private Souldiers and fits out a considerable Fleet he makes Penn Admiral at Sea and Vennables General of the Land Forces Men that could not set their Horses together joining with them Commissioners who were acquainted with the Humours and Language of the Inhabitants and skilful in the Harbours and advantages of Places with whose advice the Generals were to manage all matters and presently orders them to make sail to the Caribbee Islands there shortly to expect all necessary Provisions from England Whil'st these things are carrying on in England the Neighbouring Princes were at a stand what to think on 't but the Spaniard was most startled who from Dunkirk sent the Marquess of Leda to learn if he intended to keep the Peace with him But he from the Answers conjecturing the Design speedily returns and repented too late of his too early honouring an Usurper In six or seaven weeks time with a fair Wind they arrived at Barbadoes the most flourishing of all the Islands from thence sailing to St. Christophers and other Circumjacent Islands they raise nine or ten thousand Men not so much Souldiers as Porters Slaves and Rogues who in hopes of Booty not with design to undergo the Perils and Toils of a Military Life engaged in the Service fitter to make up a number than to sight Trusting to this Army though I must confess some old Souldiers were mingled with them Arms and Ammunition not being as yet brought from England so that instead of Pikes many were fain to make use of Poles they sail to the Island of Hispaniola that surprising and making sure of St. Domingo the chief Town and leaving there a Magazine with as many Souldiers as they could spare they might proceed to Carthagena but when they came in view of St. Domingo having landed part of the Souldiers near the Town whilst the rest fetched a compass about that they might attack it on the other side the signal is expected But these having fatally sailed ten Leagues beyond the place appointed for the landing put ashoar in another place and marching through a Sandy and thick Woody Country they were so scorched and burnt up with heat and thirst that some being quite spent fell dead by the way many stragling to find somewhat to asswage their thirst were killed by the Enemy the rest hardly able to go or stand upon their Legs at length joyn their Companions There Orders were published which were as grievous to their Minds as the drought had been to their Bodies whereby They are commanded upon pain of Death to bring all the Gold Silver and Rich Goods that they should find into a Common Treasury The hope of booty had hitherto kept up their Spirits but now being destitute of all comfort and sensible of their present and past fatigues they were setting forward on their march towards St. Domingo when after a sudden volley of small shot three hundred Cow-hunters armed with Lances break out of the Woods upon them and having put them into disorder killed them till they were weary But next Day the Army being refreshed as well as they could their design succeeded somewhat better At length drawing off their Forces they bid adieu to that unhappy Land having lost six hundred Men or more Then they set sail towards Jamaica to the Westward a pleasant Island and as it were a Garden of Delights which they easily become Masters of the Spaniards Capitulating to be gone but there a direful Plague the avenger of Wickedness raged amongst the English which within six Months infected and swept away the whole Army except two Souldiers Afterwards new Souldiers and fresh supplies coming by little and little to their refreshment they drive all the Spaniards out of Jamaica which extends in length threescore Leagues and thirty in breadth and bravely repulsed those that attempted to come back again becoming Masters of the whole Island and raising Forts in several places for their defence Thus Divine Wisdom baffles the Pride and Vanity of Man The Spaniard to be revenged Proclaims War against Cromwell And he on the other hand makes a League with the French that at the Peril and Charges of others he might give the Spaniard his Hands full on 't It was therefore agreed That Cromwell should send six thousand Men over into Flanders to be payed by the French and that the second Town that should be taken should belong to the English and that CHARLES King of England with all His Court and Family should be Banished France lest he might any way be aiding and assisting to the Enemy The Duke of York the Kings Brother forseeing that renounces the French Service wherein he had hitherto bravely behaved himself under Marshal Turen and shortly after both the King and He are by Don John of Austria and others invited to come into Flanders having a Pension of Nine thousand pounds English a year settled upon them which his Majesty after his return into England fully repaid They came first to Brussels and there the Duke is made General of the English Scots and Irish who left the French Army at the Kings Command and now served the Spaniard At that time one Manasses Ben Israel a Jewish Rabbi came from Holland and desired leave of the Protector that the Jews might be suffered to live in England and enjoy a Free Trade using many Arguments for obtaining that Favour as in the first place The Innocence of their Lives and the Gain that would accrue from their Trade and others easie to be deduced from the Native Genius and Qualities of that People But the advantage he most boasted of was their Art in giving the best Intelligence seeing they knew the secret Designs and Counsels of all Princes these he promises to discover to him and at the same time to defeat the Counsels that might be prejudicial to his Interests Lastly which was the strongest Argument of all he promises a great Sum in ready Money and some Thousands of Pounds yearly to be paid into the Exchequer Such golden Promises with the sweet smell of Gain soon prevailed the Exchequer especially at that time being exhausted much Debt contracted and Cromwell casting about all ways how he might have Money to defray the Publick Charges But a fair and honest Pretext was wanting Therefore on a day prefixed Divines are called to meet and give their Judgments about this Matter Why since we pray to God for the Conversion of the Jews we should banish them our Society as if we who are enlightned by the bright Beams of the Gospel ought to be afraid of our Religion because of Jews He being assured of a great many Votes made no doubt but that they would comply with him But alas what a Tide of Contradiction had he to stem Some Divines on the day appointed disputing to the contrary not without some inward heat and anger so
and the Officers of the Army to the Mayor and Common-Council of London and to Montague Admiral of the Fleet. Which were received with so universal a Joy and Applause that the Parliament forthwith ordained him to be proclaimed KING in the City and all over England with the accustomed Solemnities having made a Proclamation to this purpose Although it can no way be doubted but that his Majesties Right and Title to these Crowns and Kingdoms is and was every way compleat by the death of his most Royal Father of glorious memory without the ceremony or solemnity of a Proclamation yet since Proclamations in such cases have been always used to the end that all good Subjects might upon this occasion testifie their duty and respect and since the armed violence and other the Calamities of many years last past have hitherto deprived us of any opportunity wherein we might express our Loyalty and Allegiance to his Majesty We therefore the Lords and Commons now assembled in Parliament together with the Lord Mayor Aldermen and Common-Council of the City of London and other Freemen of this Kingdom now present do according to our Duty and Allegiance heartily joyfully and unanimously acknowledge and proclaim That immediately upon the decease of our late Soveraign King CHARLES the First the Imperial Crown of the Realm of England and of all the Kingdoms Dominions and Rights belonging to the same did by inherent Birth-right and lawful undoubted Succession descend and come to his most Excellent Majesty King CHARLES the Second as being lineally justly and lawfully next Heir of the Bloud-Royal of this Realm and that by the goodness and providence of Almighty God he is of England Scotland and Ireland the most potent mighty and undoubted King And thereunto we most humbly and faithfully do submit and oblige our selves our Heirs and Posterities The King being proclaimed throughout the City with the joyful shouts and acclamations of all and all things being prepared for his reception both Houses of Parliament appointed an honourable body of Commissioners to be sent to the King with their Letters all men of great Quality and Birth Obery Earl of Oxford Charles Earl of Warwick Lionel Earl of Middlesex and Hereford Viscount of Leicester the Lords Berkley and Brooks for the Lords The House of Commons chose Fairfax Bruce Falkland Castletown Herbert Mandiville all Lords Ashley-Cooper Townsend Booth Holland Chumley and Hollis Knights Who besides Letters carried Instructions with them humbly to beg that his Majesty would be pleased to hasten his long wished-for return into England And because they knew that the Exchequer of their exiled King could not be very full they order them to carry him a Present of fifty thousand Pieces of Gold and also ten thousand to the Duke of York and five to the Duke of Gloucester Clerges a person in great favour with the King carried General Monk's and the Armies Submission and Letters The City of London also sent twenty Commissioners chosen out of the Flower of the Citizens and the wealthy Citizens present the King and his Illustrious Brothers with twelve thousand pounds All things now succeeding beyond expectation Monk was secure in his fortune having so dexterously managed things with such innocent and harmless Arts defeated the Snares and Arms of the Parricides and procured the publick safety without bloud that the same Virtue of the General was both hated and admired whilst the praying Sectaries in vain called upon God who was not certainly the Lord of their Hosts now The Eleventh of May the Commissioners set sail from England and with all dutifulness waited upon the Kings Majesty at the Hague where they were gladly and kindly received by him Clarges had been with him before whom the King having first knighted sent back into England as a Messenger of his coming and having sent Letters to Monk full of expressions of good will and gratitude towards the General and Army he designed Dover for his place of landing In the mean time by the Kings command Admiral Montague since Earl of Sandwich came with the Fleet upon the Coast of Holland and waited for the King before Scheveling And now all things being in a readiness for his departure the best of Kings with the Dukes of York and Gloucester came on board the Admiral Thither they were attended by the Queen of Bohemia their Aunt their Sister the Princess of Orange and the young Prince their Nephew where after they had taken a glad Farewel with a joyful Huzza of the Sea-men they set sail Charles the Second now in possession of his Fleet the first Pledge of his Government which was speedily to waft him over to that of his Kingdoms with a prosperous Gale directs his course to Dover Monk having received Letters by Clarges accompanied with a numerous train of Nobility and Gentry hastened thither to welcome him on the shore and to pay Honour to that Virtue at home which he had reverenced at so great distance abroad So soon as the Fleet with full sail came in sight innumerable crouds of over-spied Spectators flocked to the shore and Sea-coast and to every other place from whence they might have any prospect being desirous to see and congratulate their restored Prince The Troubles of England Composed by his Majesties happy Restauration On the 25th of May amidst the roaring of all the Canon in the Fleet ecchoed and answered from the Castle and shore and which was a more glorious sound amidst the joyful and louder Acclamations of his Subjects AVGVST CHARLES landed at Dover with so much Piety Gravity and Gracefulness in his Countenance that he seemed to be come to pay his Vows to God the Protector of the Government His department shew'd no Vanity nor Pride but a mind rather above the reach of them yet capable of any fortune and so great was his Majesty in all his actions that he seemed more to deserve than to desire a Crown Here Monk falling upon his knees to welcome the King was by his Majesty embraced kissed and raised from the ground the rest of the Nobility having also performed their duty the same night the best of Kings advanced to Canterbury and next morning created Monk Knight of the honourable Order of the Garter the most illustrious Princes the Dukes of York and Gloucester putting the George about his neck Here the King spent Sunday and restored the service of the Church in the Metropolitan Church of England Setting forward from hence he lodged all night at Rochester and next day upon Black heath he viewed the Forces drawn up with much military pomp and splendour Forces heretofore onely brave in shedding of Civil Bloud whose Trophies and Triumphs were then disgraced with horrid Crimes but now upon the return of Charles loyally and deservedly triumphant The Regiments drawn up in a most lovely order made an Army worthy of King Charles The King having by the
most valiant General in War not onely to be compared to the chief Commanders of his own age but to the most renowned Warriours of elder times and of so great reputation he was in Military affairs that the modestest do acknowledge too great a Courage in Albemarle He spent almost his whole life in Arms and at length growing old amidst Victories he became gray-headed under a Helmet In Britain and Ireland by Sea and by Land so happy was Albemarle that Fortune traced out for him Honour Renown and Titles He had indeed a hidden and a silent kind of Sagacity in the management of affairs and improved almost all the Arts of Prudence by Silence He had a Modesty that set off all the other Virtues of his Mind nor was he ever heard to brag of what he had done or deserved The Fame of so great a man doubtless inferiour to no other Mortal will propagate it self to Posterity who without Pride or Ostentation gratified a banished Prince with so signal Services and onely rejoyced in the conscientious performance of his Duty and Obedience Nor after the Restauration of Charles did he behave himself as a Colleague in the Government as Mucianus was of old reported to have done to Vespasian but as a Servant neither did he ever boast that having the Power in his own hands he had bestowed it upon another whereby he burned to his glory the Arrogance of the Rump and the Impudence of Cromwel his Loyalty inclining him more to give up than his Ambition to retain the Government We may moreover reckon Albemarle happy not onely in the greatness of the Action but also in the seasonableness of the Service That he brought back the Government to a Prince of so just and good a temper who put so true an estimate upon his Loyalty and under whom it would never be unsafe nor dangerous to deserve the most For good Offices are acceptable especially to Kings so long as the obliged think they may be able to requite them but when they are too great to be rewarded instead of Thanks they procure Hatred And it is rare and almost unusual for Princes to think themselves obliged or if they think so to love their Benefactors Peace being now established at home and Janus his Temple shut Albemarle departed the more joyfully out of this life that when he left no Troubles in Britain yet he left behind him a Love for himself in the hearts of all good men so much the more wanted that he had taken care that nothing should be wanting having left nothing in the State but his own death to be bewailed the King flourishing in his Government and the Loyalty of the Parliament as yet vieing with the modesty of the Prince Every one enjoyed the happiness they desired at home and Peace with all Nations abroad till the League-breaking Dutch again provoked the English Arms. But the Actions of that War the steddy Fortune of the British Nation and the future Triumphs of CHARLES I have set aside as a subject for my more advanced years FINIS A Table to the Third Part. A. ALbemarle vid. Monk Army disbanded 52 B. Bishops restored 51 Booth Sir George his Insurrection 8 C. Committee of Safety 13 Commissioners from the Parliament wait on the King at Breda 44 Conventicles supprest 73 Covenant burnt by the Hangman 66 Cowley Abraham 99 D. De Wit 76 Dutch War beginning and occasion 74. The first Engagement 81. The second 87. The third 88. the fourth 90. The fifth 92. Their Attempt at Chatham 98. Peace concluded 98. F. Fanaticks rise but are supprest 72 G. Gloucester Duke dies 52 K. King Charles 2. Comes to Breda 42. Lands at Dover 46 Enters London 47. His Coronation 61. Marries the Infanta of Portugal 69. L. Lambert proclaimed a Traytor 40. Committed to the Tower 41. Condemn'd but obtains mercy 71. Libels 73 The Liturgie and Ceremonies of the Church confirm'd and establish'd by Act of Parliament 71 London the great Plague there 84. The great Fire there 94. Rebuilt 99 100. M. Monk Sir George 6 13 inf His famous march into England 25. Enters London 28. Admits the secluded Members 36. Receives Letters from the King 37. Created Duke of Albemarle 51. A short account of his Life and Death 102 inf His Character 105. O. Oblivion Act 52 Great Officers upon the Kings Restoration 51 Orange Princess dies in England 60 Oxford the Court and Term there 85. The new Theatre there built 101. P. Parliament the long one dissolved 41. A new one meet 42. A new one call'd by the King 66. Physicians Colledge visited by the King 78 Q. Queen-Mother dies 101 R. Recapitulation of things past 1 Regicides brought to Tryal 53. Their several Characters 54 55 56 57 58 67 68 70. Rump-Government 5. inf Rump and Army at variance 10. S. Solemn League and Covenant burnt by the Hangman 66 V. Uly-Island and Ships there burnt by the English 93 Y. York Duke made Lord High Admiral 50. His great Victory at Sea 81. The Right of Kings in England In the person of a Monarch for above a thousand years And he hereditary And never dying To him all swear Allegiance and Supremacy The Prerogatives of the K. or chief marks of Majesty and the Regalia belong onely to the King So that all Estates and Possessions are derived from him and to him return at last He hath the care of Pupils and Lunaticks The power of coyning Money He confers all Honours and Offices Which are to be administred in his name alone His power in matters of War Also in Ecclesiastical affairs He moderates the rigour of Laws And judges in undecided cases He chuses his own Counsellors He that mounts the Throne is never to be brought to the Bar since the Law says he cannot die Nor can he err or do wrong But as he offends by his Ministers so is he punished The Heir of the Crown is by the death of his Predecessor ipso facto cleared from all guilt Yet it is not lawful to rule arbitrarily VVhat Rights belong to Parliaments To make and repeal Laws Impose Taxes Legitimate Bastards Enact the VVorship of God Set Rates on VVeights and Measures VVhat the Parliament of England is The Vpper House of it The Lower The time and place appointed by the King They are called by VVrits The manner of meeting The King declares the causes of their meeting in the Vpper House All and every one of the Members of the House of Commons take the Oath of Allegiance to the King And of Supremacy They chuse a Speaker whom they accompany to the King beseeching his Majesty to approve their Election And not to be offended with their freedom in speech ☞ All may petition but by the mediation of Deputies The way of debating and communicating opinions betwixt both Houses By the Kings consent the Bills are made Laws Or otherwise rejected Religious matters aâ—â—ommitâ—ed by the Kiâ—g to
Royalists whom he spoils of the tenth part of their Goods Withot any distinction He sets Major Generals over Provinces Who had great power given them over suspected persons Especially over Ministers turned out of their Livings who are not permitted so much as to teach little Children At length their Exorbitant Power being suspected to Cromwell himself they are wholly abolished Some Imprisoned for the Royal Cause For a Murder afterward committed are brought to a Tryal and acquitted by a Jury After the same manner Lilburn escaped Death and Stawell thrice The Tyrant objects against the Ancient Custom of a Jury of twelve Men. This wholesom Custom is justied Cromwell assists the Protestants oppressed by the Duke of Savoy An Expedition into the Mediterranean Sea under Blake Who easily agreeing with the Algerines He chastises the Pride of those of Tunis by burning their Ships in the very Harbour Another greater into America The first reason of it The second The third The fourth The fifth Penn Admiral at Sea and Venables General at Land The Spaniard being afraid They arrive first at Barbadoes Afterwards they saile to Hispaniola with a design to proceed to Carthagena after they had taken St. Domingo But they are first overcome by the heat and thirst Then by the Inhabitants And at length by a Plague in Jamaica whither they had betaken themselves The Spaniard declaring War Cromwell assists the French upon these Conditions King CHARLES and the Duke of York being invited go into Flanders Where the Duke serves the Spaniard Manasses Ben Israel a Jew desires liberty for his Nation to live and Trade in England To which Cromwell listens in hopes of gain But having first consulted Divines Of whom some contrary to his expectation are of a contrary Opinion The English Fleet Commanded by Montague and Blake Defeats eight Spanish Ships richly laden whereof two were taken A second Parliament câ—nsisting onely of Coâ—moners wherein Scots and Irish are admitted Suits better with Cromwells Interests Since they would have made him King Alledging these Reasons for it To which he answering They strongly reply The chief Argument Who they were that would have had him take the Title of King And who on the other hand as fiercely opposed it The Cavaliers for several reasons were for the first Advice Cromwell rejecting the Crown which be so earnestly coveted With much ado he obtained from the Parliament the Title of Protector And is solemnly Inaugurated by the Speaker The sink of Hereticks of these times Of whom Naylor had the impudence to give himself out for Jesus Christ Vntil he was Whipt and Imprisoned who deserved a thousand times to be put to Death Sundercome a Republican plots against Cromwell Who being betray'd by another Conspirator is brought to a Tryal and condemned But he prevented the Executioner by a sudden Death The Republicans rising are apprehended Lambert being Disbanded Fleetwood is put in his place Cromwells Lords of the very dregs of the People Some of the Nobility being mingled with them who disdain such companions Falconberge also his Son-in-law and both his own Sons Of whom he sends Richard to lead a Countrey Life Who at length is made Chancellour of the Vniversity of Oxford and one of his Fatherâ—s Privy Council A Parliament of two Houses who agree ill betwixt themselves the Bastard Peers being despised by the Lower-House And therefore that Parliament is dissolved New Designs of the Cavaliers are disappointed by Cromwell they being discovered by secret Spies Many are brought to Trial for their Life Two of the more remarkable are beheaded Four others drawn hanged and quartered Cromwell for greater security levies new Troops of Hâ—rse consisting of Voluntiers Blake with unparallell'd boldness burns the Spanish Fleet in the very Harbour of Sancta Cruce His Death Character and Actions The Dane makes War against the Swede â—ow victorious in Poland The Swede hastning his return invades Denmark revenges himself on the Dane and reduces him to extremity Afterward he demands Assistance from the English and the Dane from the Dutch Cromwell sends thither a Fleet and two Mediators The Dutch likewise assist the Dane having fought the Swedes at Sea The French by the assistance of the English take Montmidy and presently after Mardyke Fort which is given to the English to be defended The Duke of York in vain attempts it Graveling being taken Dunkirk is Besieged For the relief of which Don John of Austria comes The French fight and overcome Shortly after the Governour being shot the Town is takâ—n And given to the Engllsh as a Reward for their Service Cromwel began to be sick first in Mind For the Death of his dearest Daughter And the Republicans that grew daily grew stronger Presently after being taken with a slight Fever Which at length confined him to his Bed Though he was secure of recovering Trusting rashly to his silly Ministers and Flatterers Who feed the Dying-man with vain hopes and mock God himself with their Thanks-givings From Hampton-Court he is brought to London The Disease growing more dangerous He is advised by his Counsellors to name his Successour And so his Son Richard nominated shortly after he died Sept. 3. 1658. The Spleen of all other parts of his Body when opened being most affected Cromwells Character His Birth Childish Enthusiasms And Scurrility His youthful Luxury and Repentance His Penury and Want His Prejudice against the King He advises the Parliamentarians His Military Discipline His Command and Rule His way of Ruling Richard takes into his Hands the Reins of Government Not so much out of his own Ambition as indeed by the Allurements of others Cromwells expensive Funeral And Enterment amongst Royal Ashes The 〈…〉 â—ill 〈◊〉 tâ—rds Richaâ—d â—y endâ—avour 〈◊〉 Fâ—twood and him together by the Ears The Soldiers challenge to themselves extravagant Priviledges A Parliament is called wherein much time is spent in jangling without any fâ—uit Yet they are reconciled The Instrument of Government is sifted They recall Overton from Banishment They accuse Berkstead and Butler of Treason The Commanders of the Army urging their Proposals Richard is wanting to himself And is forsaken of his Friends The Officers publish a Remonstrance And are by the Parliament discharged to keep Consults This made them draw into the Conspiracy the Lâ—eutenancy and Officers of the Militia of Londâ—n Presently they beset Whitehall And Richard being overcone by their Prayers and Threatnings dissolves the Parliament He being sâ—rrounded with these dangers Is perswaded to espouse the Kings Cause â—eetwood diâ—wading him The Officers agan raise the Rump from the Dead And what sort of Men they were And bound to these Articles Send them into the Parliament-house Richard out of fear having resigned up his Authority Stript of all departs out of Whitehall And being made a laughing stock betakes himself again to a Country Life May 3. June 21. August 2. August Sept. 11. June June June April 29. May 1. May 21. June June 26. July 22. August 22. Septemb.
3. Octob. 24. January 1. August 7. August 20. August 25. Septemb. 3. Septem 12. October 2. Oct. Dec. Octob. 15. October November Novem. 26. Januar. 12. Feb. 24. March 11. May 19. August 16. Septem 28. March 4. April 20. July 4. June August 2. Novem. 22. Decem. 12. Decem. 16. April 5. July 10. Septemb. 3. Septem 12. Octob. 18. November Januar. 22. March 11. May 16. June May 5. May 7. Octob. 25. November July 10. July 25. Septem 10. Septem 17. Octob. 24. Februar 9. Feb. 13. April 10. April 20. May 8. June 26. July 29. August Octob. 23. Novem. 19. Januar. 20. February 4. June 8. June 15. August 6. Septemb. 3. Septemb. 4. Novem. 24. Januar. 27. February 3. Febr. 14. March 28. April 8. April 18. April 22. May 7. A Recapitulation of things past January 30. 1648. September 3. 1650. and Sept. 3. 1651. April 20. 1653. Cromw takes upon him the Protectorship He dies Sep 3. 1658. Richard succeeds Vnfit for the dignity He is despised by the Democratical Colonels Richard's Relations combine with them Lambert c. returns to the Army The Rump-Parliament is restored by the Colonels To be turned out again iâ— time Which deposes Richard Then exposes him And excludes many of the Members May 8. The Rump prevents the power of the Colonels Henry Cromwel Deputy of Ireland submits to the Rump And Monk Governour of Scotland and the Fleet under Lauson Fleetwood's temper Lambert's ambition The deplorable state of the Commonwealth Through the perfidiousness of the Souldiers And madness of the People 1659. The dangers of the Nobility and of good men From the confusion of things the Royalists take hopes Their Enterprizes Booth's Insurrection in Cheshire By whom assisted The Rump is terrified Prepares to fight Lambert is sent against Booth Booth is defeated And flies He is taken Aug. 20. The confidence of the Rump upon Booth's overthrow And the arrogance of Lambert and his souldiers Jealousies arising betwixt the Parliament-men the Colonels Sept. 16. October 5. Lambert's ambition is taken noting of by Haselrigg The Army divided The Parl. mad Discharges the Country from Taxations October 10. And disbands some stubborn Colonels Octob. 11. No General now but a Council of War The Colonels conspire against the Rump The Rum orders their Friends to guard them Lambert besets the Rump And despises them Octob. 13 The Colonels having turned out the Rump consult about the Government They appoint a Committee of Safety Octob. 23. They invite the Forces of Scotland and Ireland into their Party Monk refuses Octob. 28. At Edinburrough Monk harangues the souldiers Octob. 18. He secures the Garrisons of Scotland Changes the Officers and prepares for War Fleetwood the Colonels desires a Pacification Octob. last They sent Commissioners into Scotland Monk admits of a Pacification Monk sends Commissioners to London The Pacificators meet in Wallingford-house Lambert enters York Sends â—organ to Monk as a Mediator of Peace Monk invites the Nobility of Scotland to a Council Decemb. 13. The Scots offer assistance Monk considers of it The Commissioners signe the Pacification Novemb. 15. Monk is angry Clarges informs Monk of the affairs of London Whereupon he prorogues the Pacification And demands a new place of Treaty Fleetwood Lambert condescend Lambert posses himself of Newcastle Monk goes to Caldstream Octob. 8. The number of Monk's Army Tumults in the mean while in London And Grievances The tumult of the London-Prentices Is suppressed by Hewson Decemb. 3. The Garrison of Portsmouth rises for the Rump The Navy endeavours the same Fleetwood yields to the Rump The Committee of Safety wavers Fleetwood's souldiers make defection to the Rump The Committee of Safety is dissolved Monk breaks off the Conference of Pacification The Rump restored to the Government Decemb. 6. Recals Lambert's Army The treachery of Lambert's men towards him 1659 60. Monk marches into England January 1. 1659 60. At Morpet he receives Letters from the Mayor of London He comes to Newcastle Jan. 4. Jan. 5. He enters York Monk meets with Fairfax at York He sends part of his Army under Morgan back into Scotland Monk meets Clarges at Nottingham Jan. 19. The Commissioners of the Rump meet Monk at Leicester Jan. 22. The people everywhere petition Monk for a new Parliament From St. Albans he sends to the Rump Jan. 28. Desiring Fleetwood's Forces to be sent out of Town The Rump consented Fleetwood's men march angrily out Feb. 2. Monk enters London The Rump by Oath abjures Monarchy The Council of State offers Monk the Oath He delays He goes to the Rump Feb. 6. Monk's Speech suspected by the Members The Londoners refuse to pay Taxes Monk is sent into the City in Arms. Feb. 9. To which he offers violence The action of Monk is variously interpreted And is presently displeased with himself for it He sends an angry Letter to the Rump Feb. 11. Monk returns into the City Feb. 12. Makes a Speech to the Citizens And promises a new Parliament The Citizens rejoyce And honour Monk Reproaching the Rump Which was offended at Monk's Letter The Rump weakens Monk's authority He takes it in indignation And sends the secluded Members to the house Feb. 21. The Abjurators depart The Votes of the fuller Parliament Monk acquaints the distant Forces with the restauration of the Parliam Feb. 21. They consent to him And take an Oath to be true to the Parliament Monk quarters at S James's Here he receives Letters from the King by the hands of Greenvile March 18. A new Conspiracy of the Traytors 1660. Lambert escapes out of Prison April 9. He gathers together an Army Lambert is proclaimed a Traytor Ingoldsby is sent against Lambert Both prepare to fight And do fight Lambert is overcome And taken Is carried a Prisoner to the Tower of London The dissolution of the Long Parliament March 17. A new one met April 25. The People desire a King Thâ— King comes to Breda From whence he sends Letters to the Parliament c. April 14. The Parliaments Proclamation Commissioners from the Lords to the King Commissioners from the Commons The K. Dukes of York and Gloucester have Presents sent them from the Parliament The Londoners send Commissioners and Presents The Traytors with astonishment beheld the Revolution The Commissioners sail from England May 11. and wait upon the K. at the Hague May 16. Sir Thomas Clerges the first Messenger of the Kings coming The K. went on board May 23. Monk hastens to Dover There the King lands May 25. Monk receives the King upon his knees at his landing The King hastens to Canterbury There he made Monk Knight of the Garter May 27. May 28. He came to Rochester The K. views the Army upon the Road and praises them The King is welcomed by the Lord Mayor and Citizens of London He enters London May 29. By Tyber Euphrates and Tygris are meant the Roman Persian and Assyrian Empires and their Triumphs The Pomp of his entry And Attendants
The two Houses come to congratulate the King The night-joys of the Citizens A happy revolution of affairs from the Kings Restauration The King appoints a Privy Council and Ministers of State The Duke of York made Admiral The Earl of Clarendon Chancellor The Earl of Southampton Treasurer The D. of Ormond Steward of the K.'s Houshold The E. of Manchester Chamberlain Nicholas and Morrice Secretaries of State Monk Master of the Horse and Duke of Albemarle Bishops restored in the Church Will. Juxon Archbishop of Canterbury An Act of Oblivion is past The Army receives their Pay and is disbanded The Duke of Gloucester dies Sept. 13. The King takes into consideration the Government of England and Ireland Congratulatory Embassies from neighbouring Princes to the King The Kings Murderers brought to tryal Octob. 10. What they were accused of They make an idle base defence And are condemned Harrison hang'd and quarter'd Octob. 3. Carew is hang'd Octob. 15. The death of Cook and Peters Octob. 16. Clements Scot Jones and Scroop executed Octob. 17. Hacker and Axtell hang'd at Tyburn Octob. 19. The punishment of the fugitive Regicides The bones of the deceased raised and buried under Tyburn Jan. 30. 1660 61. Ireton 's Character Of Pride And Bradshaw The Original of Cromwel And his Manners Catalin luxuria primum hinc conflata egestas in nefaria concilia opprimendae Patriae compulêre Flor. l. 4. Tacit. Annab l. 1. p. 4. In vitâ Agricolae Milton Mary Princess of Orange came into England Sept. 23. She died at London Dec. 24. 1661. The Solemnities of the K.'s Coronation Triumphal Arches The First The Second The Third The Fourth The King crowned at Westminster April 23. A new Parl. May 8. The traiterous Solemn League and Covenant is condemned burnt The punishment of Mouson Mildmay and Wallop Jan. 27. 1661 62. The Traytors that came in 1662. Hard. Waller â—eveningham Marten Jam. Temple Wayte Tichburn Lilburn Downs Penningt Smith Garland Geo. Fleetwood Roe Millingt Meyn Peter Temple Harvey Potter Barkstead Okey and Corbet taken Were hanged at Tyburn April 19. Corbet 's Character Okey ' s. And Barkstead ' s. The vanity of the Regicides even to the last And the cause of it The K. Thinkâ— of Marriage He marries Catharine at Portsmouth May 22. Sir Hen. Vane brought to tryal June 2. His Character 1663. Beheaded Jan. 14. 1662 63. Lambert is condemned But obtains Mercy from the King The Duke of Ormond goes Lord Deputy into Ireland July 9. The Ceremonies and Rites of the Church confirmed by Parl. May 29. The licentiousness of Fanaticks The attempt of Vennet the Cooper Flor. Infamous Libels are found Twine the Printer hang'd Feb. 24. 1663 64. Conventicles forbidden by Act of Parl. 1664. Complaints of the injuries of the Dutch What were the injuries of the Dutch They injure And provoke Holmes They falsly accuse him The Parl. is moved at the injuries of the Dutch and address to the King The King demands Reparation by his Embassadour But in vain De Ruyter 's action at Guiny The contumelious sauciness of the Dutch De Wit the Dutch Dictator His Character and Arts. The confidence of the Dutch and why Alan's action The K. visits the Colledge of Physicians of London April 15. 1665. 1665. The Royal Fleet ready to put to Sea about the end of April The chief Commanders And Flag-Officers Volunteers The number of Ships and men in the Royal Fleet. They set saiâ— April 22. The Royal Fleet blocks up the Coast And the Enemy delaying to come out returns back to the English Coast The Dutch Fleet comes out The number Commanders of it They take the English Hamborough Fleet. A Sea-fight June 3. Opdam's ship blown up The Dutch put to flight Dutch Ships burnt The Commanders of the Dutch Fleet killed Volunteers killed in the English Fâ—eet Lawson dies De Ruyter is abroad at Piracy Attempts Barbadoes April 20. Spoils New-found-land Is made Admiral The Earl of Sandwich braves the Dutch The Royal Fleet attacks the Dutch East India Fleet in Bergen A Plague breaks out in London And then rages over England The K. went to Oxford The K. returned to London Feb. 1. 1665 66. War proclaimed in London against the French Feb. 10. 1666. Prince Rupert and the D. of Albemarle Commanders of the Fleet. The Prince is sent against the French Fleet. May 29. In the mean time the Dutch Fleet offers Albemarle an Engagement And they fight June 1. The Fight is renewed June 2. The Royal Fleet thinks of retreating June 3. Prince Rupert opportunely rejoyns the Fleet. The Fight is again renewed June 4. The Dutch Fleet flies The Royal Fleet puts into Harbour June 6. The Dutch dare the Royal Fleet. The Royal Fleet sets out to engage them July 17. And engages the Dutch July 25. The Dutch flie The Royal Fleet blocks up Holland Holmes sails to the Uly And there burn 150 ships The Dutch Fleet sails for France Aug. 16. The Fire of London Sept. 2. The fire is put out Sept. 4. The Fictions of Fanaticks concerning the Fire Liv. l. 5. The Fleets put into Harbour 1667. The K. keeps his Fleet at home And secures the Coasts and Harbours Neighbouring Kings mediate a Peace The Dutch by surprize fall upon the Kings Fleet. June 10. Embassadours meet on both sides And conclude a Peace July 9. The building of London is taken into consideration The Royal Exchange founded Octob. 23. The death of Abraham Couley 1668. All hands are set to work in the rebuilding of London Liv. l. 26. The Monument of the dreadful Fire The Theatre of Oxford founded in the year 1664. is finished 1669. The Lord Roberts Deputy of Ireland Sept. 20. The D. of Ormond made Chancellour of the Vniversity of Oxford The Queen Mother dies in France The death of the Duke of Albemarle Jan. 2. 1669 70. His Birth and Extraction He followed the Wars in his youth Vnder Charles the First he served in the Scottish War In Ireland also 1669 70. He joyns the K. at Oxford Is taken by the Parliament and made prisoner in the Tower of London He takes on with the Parliament And goes to Ireland He marches with Cromwel into Scotland He fights against the Dutch under the Rump-Parliament Is by Cromwel made Governour of Scotland The Solemnity of his Funerals His Courage His Prudence And Modesty Tacit. Hist l. 3. Tacit. Annal. lib. 4. Plin. Panegyr A Catalogue of some Books printed for and to be sold by Abel Swalle DR Comber's Companion to the Temple or Help to Devotion in 4 parts fol. Dr. Allestry's Forty Sermons whereof Twenty one now first published The Works of Mr. Abraham Cowley The Eighth Edition The second part of the Works of Mr. Abraham Cowley being what was written in his younger years The Fifth Edition The Case of Resistance of the Supreme Powers Stated and Resolved by Dr. Sherlock in 8 o Dr. Sherlock's Vindication of the Rights of Ecclesiastical Authority being an Answer to the first part of the Protestant Reconciler 8 o Pet. Dan. Huetii de Interpret Lib. 2 o quarum prior est de Optimo Genere Interpret Alter de Claris Interpret c. in 8 o L. Coelii Lactantii Firmiani Opera quae extant ad fidem MSS. recognita Commenturiis Illustrata à Tho. Spark Oxon è Theat Sheld The Case of Compelling Men to the Sacrament of the Lords Supper considered By the Author of the Charge of Scandal A Sermon preached before the King at White-hall Nov. 23. by Gilb. Ironfide D.D. A Discourse concerning the Object of Religious Worship or a Scripture-proof of the unlawfulness of giving any Religious Worship to any other Being beside the one Supreme God Part 1. A Discourse about the Charge of Novelty upon the Reformed Church of England made by the Papists asking of us this Question Where was our Religion before Luther A Discourse about Tradition shewing what is meant by it and what Tradition is to be Received and what Tradition is to be Rejected The Protestant Resolution of Faith being an Answer to three Questions c. A Discourse concerning a Guide in Matters of Faith A Discourse concerning the Unity of the Catholick Church maintained in the Church of England A Discourse concerning Invocation of Saints A Discourse concerning Auricular Confession as it is prescribed by the Council of Trent and practis'd in the Church of Rome There is now in the Press and will speedily be published Philosophia Vetus Nova ad usum Scholoe accommodata in Regia Burgundia olim pertractata 2 Vol. Duodecim According to the Edition printed at Paris 1684. in 2 vol. 4 o
an opportunity did not trifle away their time but were busie in all places running up and down exhorting and sometimes preaching to the Souldiers that they might gain their affection by whose favourable assistance they make way for themselves to be elected into the vacant places in the House of Commons For when the Freeholders and Inhabitants of Corporations were about by a free election to chuse new Burgesses in place of the dead or excluded Members with Souldiers in Arms they were forced through fear to chuse the Officers of the Army or such at least as they approved of So that in a short time many of these being admitted into the Parliament-house and the Self-denying Ordinance being laid aside all Offices and Affairs both Civil and Military were managed by the self-same persons And that popular applause and fame might not be wanting to celebrate their excellent undertakings hackney Presses and mercenary Scriblers are set a work to publish all their actions with wonderful Encomiums and Elegies which in weekly Mercuries and Peny Diaries are exposed to the perusal of the News-greedy people and every line swollen with the praises of Cromwel So soon as they perceived the Royal interest almost reduced to a pinch and the Parliament-Rebels in a manner secure of victory they bend their designs against the Presbyterians their rival Faction which though predominant in number of Voices yet began to totter and shake They endeavour to lessen their Reputation and by degrees to weaken their Force publish Libels to disgrace and ridicule the Church-Discipline enveighing against the right of Tythes and the avarice pride and severity of the Preachers Nay and that they might heap more hatred upon their heads they charge them who of their own accords too officiously hastened to bring all into confusion and disorder with the more rigid parts of Reformation that were most ungrateful to the people such as to press their Covenant with rigour upon those that refused to take it exact Fines squeeze money from the people and that they might entail infamy upon them to Posterity under colour of visiting Colledges to banish the most learned men out of the Vniversities Upon pretext of friendship they steal into all the Presbyterian Cabals that by raising scruples and delays their Consultations might turn to Smoak and themselves be exposed to publick Derision Having pretty well succeeded in this they resolve to go thorough-stitch with it by turning out of the government of Garrison-towns and Forts all those who declared for Presbytery They likewise cause all the Forces that were almost in every County though but in small numbers to be disbanded except the Army commanded by Fairfax They send the Scots home out of England by bribes or fear they draw over the leading-men amongst the Presbyterians that they would either openly own their Cause or secretly under the name and badge of Presbyterians diving into their secrets usefully and securely serve the ends of the Republicans amongst whom the two chief were Philip Skippon and Stephen Marshal the first Major-General of the Army and the other a Minister and the Oracle of the Presbyterians both cunning Knaves who under pretext of moderating and reconciling differences minded their own advantages fooled the Presbyterians and not a little promoted the affairs of the Independents The Presbyterians having made sure of Victory and which is more of the King and being as yet more numerous in both Houses are now in greater fear from their own Servants the Army in pay than heretofore from the enemy and being sollicitous how to rid themselves from that Yoke after much debate they appoint That for easing the Country of charges twelve thousand of them should be sent over into Ireland the rest to be disbanded except six thousand Horse two thousand Dragoons and six thousand Foot These to be carried over by Skippon into Ireland and those under the command of Fairfax to be divided into the several Counties of the Kingdom with intent as they said They might be in a readiness to stifle all Tumults in the bud and that they themselves being in a body together might not attempt any Innovations Many Officers and all the private Souldiers that were Sectarians smelling a far off that by that trick they would be wormed out of the power which they had got and the Military authority fall wholly into the hands of the Presbyterians put the rest of the Souldiers in fear that they were to be disbanded without their Pay or all transported into Ireland there to be consumed with labour sickness hunger and nakedness Hence the Souldiers began to mutiny object their little Reasons to the contrary and at length to break out into Sedition The Officers in the mean time pretended in shew to be angry at these things to repress and by all means resist the mutinous common Souldiers but secretly they encourage them in the business and industriously foment their fury And the Sedition succeeding according to their wishes they lay aside the Mask withdraw from London to head the Mutineers in the Camp and all together enter into a Confederacy against the Parliament amongst whom Cromwel was the chief who lately calling God to witness had professed That he was certain the Souldiers would at the first word of command throw down their Arms at the Parliaments feet and had solemnly sworn That he rather wished himself and whole Family burnt than that the Army should break out into Sedition And so they turn out of place about an hundred Captains and Officers who chose rather to be true to the Parliament than to enter into that Confederacy The private Souldiers had opportunity to begin this attempt by means of the Adjutators These by connivance of the Officers were chosen two out of every Regiment of Horse and Foot and had power from their fellow-Souldiers to keep Councils judge what was fit to be done for the common good and by Spies dispersed through all quarters and Garrisons inform the rest These Adjutators at length usurp the authority of Colonels not thinking it enough to have meetings amongst themselves but in Councils of War challenge place amongst the principal Officers nor barely concerning themselves in the interest of the private Souldiers they meddle in the ordering and government of the whole Army and not onely so but bestir themselves also in the affairs of the whole People as well of England as Ireland and in reforming the government of both the chief Officers till the Parliament was by their mutual Conspiracy ruined scarcely mustering against it These men have nothing in their mouths but the Liberty and Power of the People and professedly labour to erect a Democracy giving being birth and name to a popular Commonwealth another sort of Republick The Souldiers grown thus insolent and bold stand not in awe to seize and carry away the King out of the Parliaments custody who upon the
to death Out comes presently an Ordinance under pain of High-Treason That no man should presume to declare CHARLES STEUART commonly called Prince of Wales King And as if this had been but a small matter That no man should pray for CHARLES the Second under the name of Prince of Wales King of Scotland or eldest Son of the King or for the Duke of York or any of the Royal Family under pain of Sequestration Monarchy and the House of Lords being both abolished the first under pretext of change uselesness and danger and the other both of uselesness and danger they make an Ordinance for changing the most ancient Government of England into a Democraty or Popular Commonwealth and because the Mayor of London refused to publish the Ordinance they turn him out of his Office fine him in two thousand pounds and commit him to the Tower notwithstanding his alleadging That such an act was to be performed by the Sheriffs and not the Mayor of London and that being bound by so many Oaths he could not in conscience do it A dull blockhead one of the Kings Judges was forthwith put into his place and that others upon account of conscience might not boggle at any of their commands they abolish the Oath which all men upon their entry into publick place were obliged to take to the Kings Majesty They purge the Common Council of the City which was wont to consist of the richer and graver Citizens and turn out many Aldermen making this their colour for it that the year before though at the desire of the major part of the Parliament They had signed the Petition for a personal Conference with the King and filled their places with the abject Riff-raff of the Rabble many of them very young and most of them broken fellows They also turn out the Recorder Town-Clerk and other Officers of the City who had refused to attend the Mayor at the publishing of the Ordinance for abolishing of Monarchy other factious Villains of their own Gang being preferred to their places who leading the other Citizens by the noses the City of London in a trice became obedient to the Orders of the Mock-Parliament With one single Vote they repeal all the ancient Laws made against Sects and Schisms They deprive the Ministers of the promised Revenues I mean of Deans and Chapters Lands They also make profession of easing tender Consciences from the burthen of Tythes assigning some thousands a year out of the Kings Revenue for Stipends and Salaries for the Preachers that so they might be at the beck of the Republicans and be at length by Office constrained with mutual Assistance and Pay to conspire against Monarchy Nay it was debated whether they should not for some time shut the Church-doors and restrain the licentiousness of Presbyterians but milder Councils prevailing some having been imprisoned others threatned with death all are commanded upon pain of Sequestration to refrain from Invectives and to comply with their Rulers in keeping Fasts and Thanksgiving-days and whatever else concerned the affairs of the Church They break down the Kings Arms and Statues that were set up in publick places and put up their own instead of them They coyn new money with the impression of a Cross and Harp as the Arms of England and Ireland In a word as by Law and in full right they invade and appropriate to themselves all the Regalia which as by way of Sequestration they had before usurped From henceforward without any regard to Justice and Honesty they spare neither Sex nor any Order of men The Kings Children who remained in England to wit the Lady Elizabeth and Henry Duke of Gloucester Princes of singular accomplishments of Nature are many ways basely used by them Amongst the Regicides it was moved oftener than once whether they had not better put her out Apprentice to a Trade that she might get her living than to breed her up in a lazy life at the charge of the Publick From the gentle tuition of the Earl of N. she is turned over to the severer discipline of another with orders that when there was no occasion for it she should not be treated as the Daughter of a King Afterward she was confined to Carisborough-Castle in the Isle of Wight under the custody of one Mildmay an inspired fool but implacable enemy to the Royal Family that she poor Lady thus put in mind of her Fathers Imprisonment and Murder being already consumptive might the sooner be brought to her end And indeed when through the irksomness of Prison Grief and Sickness she visibly and daily decayed and pined away the inhumane Traytors deny her the assistance of a Physician nay the Physician whose presence she earnestly desired they so frighten from his duty that he durst not wait upon her She being dead they send the Duke of Gloucester into banishment having allowed him a small piece of money that I may not omit any act of their humanity to carry him over into Flanders They basely treat the Countess of Carlisle by an usage unworthy of her Sex and Quality as being one who of too much a friend before was now become an Enemy and commit her to the Tower of London Duke Hamilton and the Earl of Holland who now too lately repented their having been the first of the Lords and chief of the Factious who for their own safety had too much served the times against the King and of the Royal Party the heroick Lord Capel a prime Champion both for his King and Country are by the same President Bradshaw who dyed red with Royal bloud knew not what it was to spare the bloud of other men in the same Court of Justice sentenced to lose their heads Whom the Rebels thought fit they banished and seized all Estates and Inheritances how large soever at their own discretion There was a debate amongst them about making a Law that whosoever was by them suspected to be an ill willer to the Commonwealth or an enemy to the Army might be brought to a tryal before a Council of War and sentenced by them as they thought fit Nay they order the stately Fabricks of the Royal Houses and Palaces to be thrown down that Kings for the future might not have a house of their own to cover their heads under God any stately Temples wherein he might be worshipped or the Kingdom any publick Structures to shew its magnificence St. Paul's Church in London that of Salisbury and the Kings house of Hampton-Court Fabricks that may compare for stateliness with the best of Europe with much ado escaped the fury of their desolating hands A Council of forty persons is erected which by a gentle name to the common people they call the Keepers of the Liberties who altogether or at least seven of the number had the full administration of the Commonwealth Amongst these were three or four contemptible Lords Slaves to the Republican Faction admitted of whom
the treachery of the Irish to deliver up to Jones Dublin with the whole Garrison and all that continued in their Duty From that time the Pope's Nuncio Commanded in Chief except in those places which were under Jones Coot and Monck which espoused the Party of the Rump-Parliament He took to himself the whole Power made Laws pronounced Judgments drew up and mustered Armies managed the War and imposed money with an absolute and despotick Authority But by this means he became both hated and despised so that having received one blow after another especially Preston's Forces being defeated by Jones he grew weak both in Men and Authority This opportunity was laid hold upon by Clanricard who Commanded one Army in Vlster and Taff who Commanded another in Munster who having consulted with Inchiqueen resolved upon it as the most expedient course to implore the Royal Assistance again Unite together into one and to send forthwith to the Queen and Prince of Wales to acquaint them with what they had done confessing that the Truce was not faithfully observed and discovering those by whose fault and instigation it was broken They moreover most humbly beg that the Marquess of Ormond may be sent over with Authority and Supplies and engage upon conditions which were not disliked by the King to fight under his Banner till the broken Forces of the Rump-Parliament should be utterly destroyed and his Majesty and they themselves fully restored to their former peace The Popes Nuncio suspecting that matters would fall out so and that the storm which his Government had raised would break over his own head forbids any farther Treaty threatens the Contraveeners with dire Punishments and at length strikes those that persisted in their purpose with the usual Weapon of Excommunication But that blunt Thunderbolt scared no body for they march against him and besiege him in the Town of Galloway Whilst in the mean time the Lord O-brian diverts the Succours that Ouen-Ro-Oneal designed to bring to his Party Then the Pope's Nuncio despairing of relief capitulated for a dishonourable Retreat and departed Whilst these matters were acting the Glorious King Charles the First Murdered by the Hands of Rebel Parricides Crowned his Death with Martyrdome Nevertheless the Marquess of Ormond being rid of that difficulty and having a new Commission and Instructions from King Charles the Second repairs to Corke and shortly after to Kilkenny where a Parliament or Convention of the States of Ireland was then kept and after long Debates on each side they came to a great many Articles of Agreement of which this was the substance After a Recognition whereby they owned his Majesty for Soveraign and lawful King of Ireland and that they would to the utmost defend him with their Lives and Fortunes they agree That the King should give the Irish free liberty of their Religion That if it seemed fit to the Deputies or Commissioners who were appointed to the number of eighteen a Parliament should be called within two Months wherein Papists as well as others should have liberty of free Voting and that the King shall confirm their Acts provided they be not grievous to Protestants All Acts and Decrees past since August 1641 that might be dishonorable to the Irish Nation shall be repealed That all Law Suits Sentences Actions or Processes commenced or determined since that time be wholly abolished and that the Irish be restored to the Lands and Estates whereof they had been dispossessed That all Impediments be removed that were wont to barr the Irish Papists from sitting in Parliament That all Debts be reckoned to be in the same state as they were in in the Year 1641 and that no body be molested nor troubled upon that account That the Lands of the Barons and Nobles in the Counties of Toumond Clare Tipperrary Limmerick Kilkenny and Wicklo be adjudged to the ancient Possessors and their Titles made good by new Acts. That Inns be Erected for the Students in Law wherever the Lord Lieutenant shall think convenient and where Degrees also in the Law may be taken as well as in England That Places and Titles of Honour and beneficial Offices may be free both to Papists and Protestants That the use and Exercise of Arms Commands and Governments may be in the power of the same and that during the War five thousand Irish Foot and two thousand Horse be kept in pay That the Court of Wards be abolished and in lieu of it twelve thousand pounds a year payed into the Kings Exchequer That no Peer have liberty to Vote by Proxy That the Nobles be obliged within five years to purchase Lands a Baron to the value of two hundred pounds a year a Viscount four hundred an Earl six hundred a Marquess eight hundred and a Duke a thousand That they may be free to treat of the independance of the Parliament of Ireland upon that of England That those of the Kings Privy-Council shall meddle with no Affairs but the Publick That Suits about Titles be referred to the Judges of the Kingdom to whom it belongs to try them That the Acts against the Exportation of Irish Wool Tallow and other Goods out of the Kingdom be repealed That they who have been under any pretext Fined or Punished in the County of Ulster since the first of King James shall be relieved according to Equity That the Inhabitants and Citizens of Corke Youghal and Dungarban be restored to their Possessions that they were turned out of in the beginning of the War provided they give Security for their Loyalty and that they shall not be troublesome to the Garrisons That an Act of Oblivion be past of all things before committed those excepted who stand guilty of Barbarous and Inhumane Crimes That it be lawful to none of the Nobles to Farm the Customes That Laws be made against Monopolies That the Jurisdiction of the Court called Castle-Chamber be moderated That the Law be abrogated which ordained That Horses should not draw the Plow by the Tail and that the Straw should not be burnt to separate the Corn from it That Law Suits about Sea Matters shall be decided in the Chancery of Ireland That for the future all Actions about the want of Title shall be suppressed if the owners have from ancient times possessed the Lands by any Right That also all Interest for Moneys since the beginning of the Troubles be discharged and that for the following years it exceed not five per Cent. a Year That the Deputies or Commissioners shall impose sufficient Taxes for carrying on the War both by Sea and Land either by way of Excise or any other way that they shall judge most convenient for the Publick That Justices of the Peace shall have Power to determine Suits under the value of ten Shillings That the Governours of the Popish Perswasion enjoy the Governments and Commands that they are at present in possession of That the Tenths of taken Ships and
evidence and he infamous too was sufficient to the partial and mercenary Judges for the fellow was afterwards for the same deposition convicted of perjury who having given under his hand contrary to what he had sworn to the Judges eyes bely'd his venal Tongue These are the counterfeiters of Commissions of the King's Signet forgers of writings and hands and the Cony-catchers of Novices They of their own accord give men Authority to raise Soldiers and then turn that Authority to their ruine Deliver Letters which they venture to do though as they say upon the Peril of High Treason and then inform the Soldiers that they might seize the Parties with the Letters bring them before the new Court and point blank condemn them to Death In the mean time there was no accusing of the clandestine authors of the Villany and far less bringing them to Justice So that it clearly appeared that these were not the crimes of private men but publickly deliberated forged in the shop of the Politicians and committed to the Myrmidons who as Jackcalls to the Lyons might make it their business to hunt out for Crimes which the High Court of Justice might run down The Scots being long uncertain what to do and divided into divers Factions at length resolve upon Monarchical Government and proclaming CHARLES the Second King A few who relished a Republick being of the same mind with the Regicides concealed their rancour not daring to discover themselves nor resist But upon what Conditions he should be admitted to the Throne is seriously debated nor never well agreed upon Most of the Highlanders firmly maintain that no other Articles are to be demanded of his Majesty but the ancicient promises which the Laws injoyned at the inauguration of Kings Others to wit the Covenanters would have him first to subscribe the Solemn League and Covenant give signs of sorrow and repentance for his Father and Mother's sins and all banished and turned out of Court who had carried Arms for his Father or had not as yet taken the Covenant I mention not the rest as being but a few whose minds were either corrupted by Bribes and Pensions from the Regicides or were infected with the contagion of their Friends the Democraticks and who urged severer terms that they might raise new scruples and cut off all way for the King's admission At length the middle party prevailing CHARLES the Second is by Heralds in all publick Place proclaimed King of Scotland England and Ireland In the mean while the debate growing long in the Convention of Estates and Committee of the Kirk who were to consider of the matter and to draw it up into Form they themselves at length resolve to send Windram Laird of Libberton to try the Kings mind who having delivered him Letters full of sorrow and regret for the horrid and unparallelled Murder of his Father assures him that the Scots were ready to obey him had proclaimed him King and Successour to the Crown and that upon the following Conditions they would admit him to the Supreme administration of the Government The Proposals were to this effect That the King should subscribe the Solemn League and Covenant and consent by act of Parliament that all his Subjects should take it confirming all that they had done for that purpose That he should confirm the acts of the two last Sessions of the Parliament which condemns Duke Hamilton's late engagement and irruption into England That he should recal his Commission to Montross whereby he had Power to raise Souldiers in Scotland or bring them into Scotland from abroad That he would renounce his right of Negative Vote That he would suffer no Papist about him and lastly that he would appoint a place in Holland where Commissioners might wait upon his Majesty for adjusting of these proposals and of other things that might be previous to his voyage These Proposals were made in the Isle of Jersey where the King with many of his Courtiers then was who having received the Letters made Windram very welcome and not long after sent Sir William Fleeming to the Scottish Nobility and Committee of the Kirk with Letters of reciprocal congratulation At length he writes to them by Windram That he was well pleased with their obedience and indignation against the Regicides exhorts them that they would seriously endeavour the restoring of Peace and Concord that for that end he should not be wanting in any thing and bids them for that purpose send Commissioners to Breda with whom he would treat about the re-establishing of Peace The King being willing to deliberate about these matters more seriously privately demands the Opinions of his Friends writing to those whose Affairs hindered them from waiting Personally upon him But so many Heads so many Minds yet the Opinions were divided chiefly into two Some perswade him not at all to listen to the Scots there being treachery hid under the specious Cloak of obedience They represent to him his Father as an Instance of it who had been long gull'd with fair promises until he was forced to be severe to his most faithful Subjects and then afterward was delivered up to the pleasure of the Faction That they would cloath him with the Name and Title of a King but keep all the Power and real Authority in their own hands And that if he offered for the future to resist and get his neck from under the Yoke they would deliver him up to the English Regicides or kill him with their own hands That he would do better to stick by Montross than by the united Forces of Scotland whom he had found to be faithful and brave in doubtful and difficult times and magnanimous and fortunate at a pinch that with his own and the Forces of his Friends succours from abroad and the aid of the English Irish and Scots he might mount his Throne in spight of all the attempts and endeavours of his Enemies Others again magnified the Authority of Parliament and the Power of the Covenanters giving it out that the English also who loved Presbytery secretly favoured the Scots though at present they discovered not themselves that it would procure him likewise reputation abroad to be owned King of Scotland That the Queen also exhorted him to make Peace with the Scots who though at first they proposed severe and grievous Conditions of Union yet his Majesty would in progress of time obtain more easie terms the Covenanters by long conversation and frequent Offices being won over to calmer and milder Dispositions that they consulted their own Interests under the Veil of Divine Worship and Cloak of Religion and that by complying with the Times he would at length find the Scots more tractable and submissive to his his Will and Pleasure Thus the King betwixt Scylla and Charybdis was for some time at a stand uncertain to what side to adhere but resolving to determine himself for
be sifted A Ship bound for the Isle of Man to acquaint the Earl of Derby with the whole Scheme of the matter was by stress of weather accidentally forced into Air The Souldiers searching the Ship detect the secret afterwards the Conspiratours are brought to Examination at London and by the mutual accusations one of another the whole Intrigue was laid open That at the instigation of Massey and some Scots they had designed to raise Money and Arms and therewith levy an Army in Scotland which being joyned to Ker the Duke of Buckingham Lord Wilmot and Massie should invade England Of this are accused Jenkins Case Drake Love and many other Ministers besides Lay-Men Gibbons Cook Potter c. Adams Alured Bains and others are brought in who had taken the League and Covenant of the three Nations as they used to call it and had served under Essex and who professed that they had stood on the Covenanters side that they might pump out all things but were secretly of another mind that they might so be able to give a clearer Evidence before the High Court of Justice all of them being convicted are condemned to Death which two undauntedly suffered one of whom that I may take notice of it by the by by an unseasonable Sermon formerly disturbed the treaty of Vxbridge rashly inveighing against all Reconciliation as if it were not lawful for those that professed the Christian Religion to have any Peace or Commerce with the Followers of Antichrist giving that Name to the Royalists The rest being sufficiently warned by the punishment of those two and professing Sorrow and Repentance are one after another gradually dismissed and set at liberty Scarcely was that Conspiracy stifled but a new Sedition arose amongst the Norfolk Suffolk and Cambridge-shire men which was nevertheless smothered in the birth all the undertakers being dispersed of whom in Norfolk alone fifty Men by Sentence of the High Court of Justice were hanged for that attempt And that we may insist no longer upon these Tragedies a great many Welsh in Cardigan-shire gathered together which in a short time might have looked like an Army had not the Forces who were ready in all places round about drawn together and quenched that Fire with Blood But this is only a digression which may somewhat serve to excuse the Scottish Invasion that happened this year But let us return again to Scotland where now the solemn Coronation of the Kings Majesty is appointed to be at Scoon seaven and fourty Kings having heretofore put on the Crown of Scotland in that place where it was performed with as much Pomp considering the times and the diminution of their strength as it had been celebrated in more flourishing ages The Marquess of Argile put the Crown upon his Head with joyful acclamations of the People firing of Guns splendid Feasting and Bonefires in all places And now Scotland is wholly taken up in preparations for War levying of Souldiers raising Money and disciplining the Forces The King himself views the Garrisons that border on Fiffe and Forth and prepares for defence From thence he visits the Highlanders that he might compose the Feuds and Quarrels that were amongst them but as if they had been possessed with Furies and as if fresh flames had burst daily out of the dead Embers they bitterly quarrel and contend about Command and Governments until by order of Parliament the very Names of the Factious are abrogated and all are freely admitted into the Army though Argile opposed it Commissioners are likewise appointed to remove all impediments who have Power given them both of examining and punishing Friends and Favourers of the Rebel Parricides and whilst many received the condign punishments of these Crimes Wariston and Cheeseley timely made their escape to Cromwells Camp The King sets up his Standard at Aberdeen to which from all places about Volunteers and Honorary Souldiers flock in great numbers From thence the King marches to Sterling and having mustered the Army makes Duke Hamilton his Lieutenant General David Leslie Major General Middleton Major General of the Horse and Massey General of the English Troops Having assigned to all their several Offices he Encamps and Entrenches at Torwood four miles from Sterling that he may train up and put Life in his raw and unexperienced Souldiers by Skirmishings and fighting in Parties before he put them to the Tryal of a pitcht Battel and that he might in the mean time raise more Forces in the doing whereof whilst the Earl of Eglinton and some other persons of Quality are busie at Dumbarton they are of a sudden surprized by Lilburn Amidst the great Cares and Dangers that all lay under the Kings Birth-day was celebrated with all due Solemnity to the Honour whereof the Town of Dundee made splendid presents to wit A most excellent Pavilion six Field-pieces with Carriages and Ammunition and which procured them greatest thanks a compleat well armed Regiment of Horse a mark of true Affection Cromwell in the mean time loyters not but his Souldiers being furnished with new Cloaths Money and all other necessaries sent from London through New-bridge and Hamilton he marches to Torwood where furiously moving too and again he views in all places if an attempt might any where be made upon the Camp But when he found it so well fortified on all sides that without danger there was nothing to be attempted upon it having taken Calendar House he dares the Scots to come out Overton in the mean while being provided of Ships flat bottomed Boats and other Vessels for transporting of Horse and Foot with sixteen hundred Foot and four Troops of Horse puts out into the Forth with orders to Land at the Queens Ferry which he easily performed beating off the Scots that resisted him and presently casting up a hasty work he entrenched himself and sends to Lambert to come to his assistance who at the same place passing over two Regiments of Foot and as many of Horse he was met by Colonel Sr. John Brown and Major General Hobourn with four thousand men Horse and Foot It was stoutly fought on both sides but with unhappy success to the Scots of whom two thousand were killed and twelve hundred taken with two and fourty Colours and amongst those Brown who lived not long after the Battle Thus the English got so sure sootting on the other side of Forth that all the Forces of Scotland were not able to drive them thence Whilst these things are done at Forth Cromwell hovers about the King's Camp as if he were every minute about to attack them but onely to the end that he might keep them in play until Lambert had routed the Scots as we have just now related The King now leaving Torwood encamps in Sterling Park But the Scots seized with a panick fear upon the first summons surrender the Castle of Inchgarvey an impregnable
he might disappoint those that pursued him Upon their Journey the Earl of Derby told the King That lately when he was defeated by Lilburn one Pendrel harboured him safely in Boscobel-house but that he was a Papist Thither the King resolved to betake himself This House is distant from Worcester twenty six Miles stands in Shropshire upon the borders of Staffordshire seated betwixt Tong-Castle and Brewood in a woody place very fit for a retreat One Gifford that was well acquainted with the Ways leaving Kedderminster on the Left-hand conducted him by Stonebridge and at Whiteladies an old Monasterie of Cistertian Nuns in the midst of the Woods about a Mile from Boscobel having knockt up another Pendrel about midnight he and his Company are let in Whilst the King had his Hair cut off in this House and burnt in the Fire his Hands blackned with Soot and shifting his Cloaths put on an old Countrey Suit two other Pendrells Brothers Richard who lived in a Neighbouring little Farm at Hobbal and William in Boscobel are sent for whom the Earl of Derby acquainting them with the disaster and shewing them the Kings Majesty Beseeches for Gods sake their Loyalty and all that was Good and Sacred to keep him safe and forthwith find out some place for him where he might securely lurk The honest Countrey-men promising to do what lay in their Power Richard by a back door led him out into the next Wood Wilmot having been before ordered to go on Horseback to London where at the sign of the Green Dragon by the Vintry in Thames-street the King had resolved to meet him John Pendrell promising to shew him a way which he might more securely follow After that the Nobles had taken the best care they could of the King they consult about their own safety and think it safest to follow and if they could overtake Leslie because of the number of men he had with him that might secure them from a few stragling Soldiers and because they were got so far on their way that a considerable body of the Rebels could hardly overtake them They were not far from thence when they protected the Lord Livingstone Captain of the King's Troop of Guards from the Enemies that pursued him but that good fortune lasted not long For soon after when they had advanced beyond Newport they fall in amongst Lilburn's men who easily rout and put them to slight being quite spent with fatigue the Earl of Derby whom the impious Rebels afterwards condemned in a Council of War and put to Death Lauderdale who for his Loyalty suffered a tedious Imprisonment until the King's Restauration and others whom it would be long to name being taken In the mean time the Duke of Buckingham Livingstone Talbot with many others severally shifting for themselves made their escapes and at length went beyond Sea Nay Lesly was not got far beyond Newport when he is beset by the Enemies and all his men either dispersed or taken and particularly the Earl of Cleveland who had overtaken Lesly after the Battel Kenmore the Lord Wentworth and Middleton Most of the dispersed straglers were by the Countrey people not without a brand of Cruelty which the English Nation abhors knockt down wherever they were found with Staves Pitch-forks â—lails and what weapons rage and fury put into their hands a very unsuitable return indeed to the moderation and continence which not long before they had shewed amongst them upon their march Massey being wounded in the hand fled of his own accord to the protection of the Countess of Stanford under whose husband the father of Gray he had formerly served in Glocestershire From thence after a fortnights stay he was carried to the Tower of London where he endured the irksomness of a tedious imprisonment and being to be brought to his Tryal before the High Court of Justice he changed Cloaths with a certain Porter and made his escape The Kingdom of Scotland thus taken and most part of the Nobility cut off truckles under the Victorious Arms of the English and had not the Supreme Judge of all things reserved a root from which the Royal Issue and cause might spring out again of new and had not the same right hand of the Duke of Albemarle whom as yet we must call Monck that gave the Wound also wrought the Cure it had been undone for ever But now what befel the King the Care of Providence Hopes of the English Race and Defender of the Church since the English I know are insatiably desirous to be informed of it and that hardly in any Age a more remarkable adventure hath happened I shall according as I have heard it from the King 's own Mouth relate with some exactness and curiosity The King went into the Wood in the very nick of time as will appear For within less than half an Hour the Souldiers of Colonel Ashenhurst come in quest of him hunt all over the Monastery and running from Chamber to Chamber search into all secret places recesses and hidden corners Yet as Fate would have it they made no enquiry abroad out of the House for it rained all Day and the droppings from the Trees made the Grass very wet so that what did hurt to others saved the King For whilst he lurked amongst the thick shrubs of the Woods Richard Pendrell borrowed a Blanket for him to cover him in the Rain and furnished him with a Bill that he might seem busie in mending Hedges entreating the Wife of a Countrey-man one Francis Yates that was related to him that if she had any Victuals ready she would bring it into the Wood. She without delay brings forth some Milk and Sugar with a few Eggs and Butter The King somewhat startled at the coming of the Woman because of the babling the Sex is subject to asked her Can you be true to any one that hath served the King Yes Sir answered she I 'le die sooner than betray you At which the King being reassured fed heartily on the Victuals that were brought him Towards the Evening Richard brings him into his House that stood hard by where he prepares for a New Journey that he was to take that Night For the King amongst other things had asked If he knew any Faithful Honest Man living upon the Severn who might provide him a hiding place for a short space till he might find an opportunity of passing over into Wales for in that Country he wanted not Faithful Friends by whose means he might either get to London or lurk more securely amongst the Rocks and Mountains Being therefore informed of one Wolfe but a Papist by Religion living at Madely five Miles from thence and one from the Severn at nine of the Clock at Night accompanied with Richard he sets out to go thither But they were hardly gone the first mile when they had a Water-mill to pass by where
that they seemed rather to decline than promote the Determination of the Controversie by opposing this rapid Motion However he resolved to connive and allow them liberty to trade in England with an Indulgence of their Religion according to the Rites of Moses without any publick Examination going before or as it is usual amongst Catholicks coming yearly after and without teaching or catechising them But this Year was famous for the Actions of Mountague since Earl of Sandwich and of Blake For they with a Joynt-Commission commanding the Fleet whilst they were cruising upon the Coast of Spain without the Straits Mouth met with Eight great Spanish Ships whom Stainer presently engages with Three Frigats onely for the rest could not come up because of the Wind but with so much Bravery and Resolution he plied them with his Broadsides that within three or four Hours space he mastered them all one being sunk another burnt two escaping into Cadiz and two more forced ashore and broke to pieces wherein were lost Sixty thousand Wedges of Silver besides other rich Goods of vast Value However two of them fell into the hands of the Victorious with a great deal of Coyned Gold to the quantity of Six hundred thousand Pieces much Silver curiously-wrought Plate and other things of value together with two Sons of the Marquess de Baydexio Don Joseph de Savega and Don Francisco de Lopes the Marquess himself with his Lady and Daughter who was to be married to the Son of the Duke of Medina Sidonia being burnt The two Brothers that remained alive were by Cromwell discharged without any Ransom England now being sufficiently plagued by those petty Tyrants whom they called Major-Generals who as we said before began to be uneasie to all another Parliament is called but not after the ancient manner but onely made up of the Commoners or People Thirty being called out of Scotland and as many from Ireland Cromwell tampering with many and the Major Generals hindring the Elections and Votes of several that the House might not be filled with Republicans In the mean while no Man is suffered to enter the House till first he subscribed to the Authority of the Protector so that by that means most of the Republicans of either sort are excluded from sitting Sir Thomas Widdrington is chosen Speaker Many things passed here in favour of Cromwell as That it should be Treason to conspire his Death and That the Royal Family should be renounced Nor is it in this place to be omitted that about this time many things were publickly talked of to the prejudice of the King as That he was Consumptive and could not live long That he was also Melancholy and inclinable to a Monastick Life laying aside all desire of Government and that the Duke of York was a Professed Papist that by that means they might wheadle over the credulous and unwary to their Party by removing every thing that might curb and keep them in awe The Customs are renewed a vast Triennial Tax also imposed upon all Houses built upon new Foundations in London and witbin Ten miles round that every one of them should pay a years Rent At length at the Motion of a certain Citizen of London the Parliament resolves to give Cromwell the Title of King with most of the Ensigns of Royalty which he had already long ago usurped and many Members apply themselves to him beseeching him that he would vouchsafe to accept of it which he sometimes made a shew as if he would embrace but by and by again appeared doubtful and at length shifted it off I think it will not displease the Reader if I give in this place a short hint at the main Reasons whereby the Members of Parliament endeavoured to incline Cromwell to accept of the Title of King which inwardly he was most ambitious of though outwardly he affected a reluctancy This Affair was by the Parliament committed to the diligent management of six or seven of their number These Men urg'd That the name of King had always been in vogue from the very beginning in this Nation for the space of above thirteen hundred years that the Person of the King had sometime displeased the People but that the Title was never before abrogated that moreover the same was fitted to our Laws and the Humour of the People and approved not onely by the Votes of the preceding but of this present Prarliament also Cromwell answers That these were persuasive but no cogent Arguments that the Title of Protector might be adapted to the Laws that Providence was against them which hath now altered the Name and that he could not without a Crime displease so many Godly and Religious Men. But the Commissioners reply That the Title ought to be fitted to the Laws not the Laws to Titles nay that the Innovation of Titles is suspected as a Cloak for Vnderhand Tyranny and that the disadvantages of such a kind of change are never felt in in the same Age for which very Reason when King James came to the Crown of this Kingdom the Parliament would not give way that in his Title instead of England and Scotland he should insert Great Britain That by refusing the Title of King he does not derogate so much from himself as from the Nation whose Honour it is to be governed by a King That the supreme Magistrate was never designed by the Name of Protector unless for a time during the Nonage of the King for the Administration of the Government and a Title for the most part unfortunate That that Name at present having its Original from the Souldiers sounded Victory and might be lawfully rescinded by another Parliament That the Title of King being once abolished the Government would become mutable and unsafe not durable if the Foundation tottered that in the space of five years it had been three or four times altered and was yet as wavering as heretofore the alteration of Title was ominous to the Roman People who neither could endure the Name of Prince nor of Perpetual Dictator nor of the Prince of the Senate till at length the Pleasure of Caesar went for Law But the strongest Argument of all was The Statutes of the Ninth of Edward the Fourth and of the Third of Henry the Seventh wherein it was enacted That no Man carrying Arms though unjustly for the King in being shall be punished for it and that in the late Wars more trusting to that Law were in Arms for the King than of those who loved his Cause That as to Providence it was no less conspicuous in changing the Government again into Monarchy for avoiding confusion and quelling a tumultuous People than in changing the Name of a Monarch into that of Protector That lastly Good and Godly Men would submit to a Decree of Parliament though perhaps they might seem to differ in private A great deal of time is spent betwixt Cromwell and the Committee in
make War abroad nor that the King was as yet so well seated in the Government that he could revenge the Injuries of the Dutch that it was not safe for him to trust Arms in the hands of his Subjects which afterwards they might be unwilling to lay down That the English were not now the same Enemies as the Dutch had found them to be under the Rump-Parliament that the warlike fierceness of that Nation was gone with the Sectarians and that there remained amongst them none but a company of silly Cowards That there were a great many Fanaticks in England who perhaps would fight for the Dutch against the King or at least would not fight for him against those who were for liberty of Conscience Nor was there wanting a great many of our fugitive Traytors amongst the Dutch who made these false reports to be believed The bloudy War which broke out the year following was ushered in by the taking of Ships on both sides and Alan with a Fleet of English Ships for securing the Merchant-men and anoying the Dutch in the Mediterranean fell upon the Dutch Smirna-Fleet in the Streights upon their return homewards and having killed them many men sunk some Ships Brakell the Admiral of the Fleet being slain he took and brought off four of the Enemies Ships which was the first booty and glad Omen of the War but one of them richly laden being much shattered and leaky foundered in the greedy Sea Nor was the King so wholly taken up with the thoughts of the approaching War but that he also minded other affairs and his innocent diversions he therefore on the fifteenth of April visited the famous Colledge of Physicians of London and was received very honourably by the Doctors There he saw the Marble Statue of Harvey the chief Pilot of the Blouds Circulation and heard the President Ent with equal Eloquence and Art reading upon the mysteries of Anatomy whom there he knighted There he saw the chief Physician Bates renowned in the skill of Physick and of Latine and Fraser his chief Physician since and Glisson excellent in Medicine and Philosophy and successful Micklethwait and much-esteemed Cox and Scarborough accomplished in all Natural Philophy and no less famous amongst the Muses with Wharton the Secretary of the Glandules and acute Merret besides many others eminent in the Art of Curing to whom at length were associated Willis the great Restorer of Medicine but of too short a life with Lower and Needham who have illustrated the Faculty by their Writings And now was the Royal Fleet ready to set sail divided into three Squadrons the first commanded by the Duke of York Lord High Admiral of England the second by the most Illustrious Prince Rupert and the third by the Earl of Sandwich famous in Expeditions at Sea The other Flag-Officers of the Fleet were Lawson and Alan lately returned from the Mediterranean Jordan Spragg Smith Meens and Tiddiman all famous Sea-Commanders Many persons of great Quality went Volunteers to Sea and though they had no command in the Fleet yet they thought it honourable in so just a War to try their fortune with the Duke of York The Fleet consisted of about an hundred Men of War having on board to the number of about thirty thousand Sea-men and Souldiers and on the two and twentieth of April weighed and with joyful Huzza's full Sails and flying Streamers sailed over to the Coast of Holland and came to an Anchor before the Texel the Enemy in the mean while for all their bragging not daring to come out His Royal Highness in the mean time in the Royal Fleet rode Master of the Seas and many Dutch Ships returning home in sight of the Shore fell into the hands of the English as Booties cast into their way by Providence But his Royal Highness more desirous of Fighting than Prey after he had expected almost a month the coming out of the Enemy upon their own Coast Victuals and Provisions growing scarce came back again to the English Coast giving them opportunity if they had a mind to fight to come out But now the Commanders of the Dutch Fleet moved with the disgrace of being blocked up but more at the Reproaches and Execrations of the people use all diligence to bring out their Ships The Fleet of the States General consisted of above an hundred sail of Men of War in seven divisions which were commanded by Opdam Trump Cartener Schramp Stillingwolfe Cornelius and John Evertsons Opdam in the mean time being Admiral But as the Dutch stood out to Sea a Fleet of English Merchant-men coming from Hamborough in the dark of the night by mistake fell in amongst the Enemies nor were they sensible of their Captivity till it was too late to flie for it and so they payed dear for their unhappy and prohibited Voyage The taking of the English Merchant-men was to the Enemies so joyful a presage of a future Engagement that directing their course towards England they resolved not to expect the coming of the English but not doubting of success to attack them in their own Coast His Royal Highness in the mean time was at Anchor with his Fleet near Harwich where so soon as he was advertised by his Scouts that the Enemy approached rejoycing at the long wished-for occasion of an Engagement on the first of June setting his Fleet in order with all the expedition he could he steers directly against the Dutch Next day he came in sight of the Enemies Fleet by night they were got near to one another and on the third of June with the day the Fight began The Fleet being drawn up undaunted Prince Rupert was in the Van in the Body of the Fleet was the Duke of York and the Earl of Sandwich in the Rear an expert Commander at Sea the Enemies Fleet being in order to engage them The first shot that was fired was from Prince Rupert's Squadron And both Fleets as yet fought with their great Guns at a distance The English had the wind which the Dutch on the other hand strove to gain it being westerly but whilst both Fleets strive for the wind the order of the Ships engaged changing the middle of the English Fleet came up with the front of the Enemies and Lawson who commanded the next Ship to the Admiral bearing in amongst their Fleet they came by a closer engagement to try the fate of both Nations By and by the Admirals of both Fleets by chance engaged together There was great slaughter on both sides and it was a bloudy Victory to his Royal Highness for whether by carelesness or our shot fire got into the Powder-Room and presently blew up Opdam's Ship He flying up into the Air prevented a shameful flight with his Fleet and falling again into the Sea Animam morti non redidit uni Resigned his life to several deaths The loss of the Admiral was attended with the
Summer he was advised to order some Frigats to cruise in the Scottish Seas and others in the West about Plimouth thereby on all hands to shut up the British Ocean And by fortifying Sherness and Vpnore-Castle and drawing a Chain cross the River of Medway to secure the Royal Fleet at Chatham which was better advised than executed And now the powerful Kings of France and Sweden by their Embassadours mediate a Peace betwixt the King and the States so that the heat of both Parties being somewhat allied by the mutual losses that two trafficking Nations had sustained in their Trade as well as otherwise they both condescend to send Embassadours to Breda to treat of a Peace But the English trusting to a Truce or Cessation of Hostilities in order to a Pacification laid aside all thoughts of War and the Guard-ships were far off at Sea A part of the Dutch Fleet in the mean time entering Chatham-River and having forced the Garrisons on the shore and broken the Iron-Chain that was too weak to make a resistance fell upon the Kings Fleet which had often chased them lying mored in the River unrigged and unprovided of Sea-men and Souldiers Our Frigats were burnt by the Dutch Fire-ships and others snatched not carried away in triumph to the reproach no less of the Dutch Knavery than of our own vain Security a loss so much the greater by how much it cost the Enemy the less The King in the mean time passing by the Treachery of that People and conquering his own Resentment for the present performed his Promise and that he might not delay the Treaty of Peace sent the Lord Hollis one of his Majesties Privy-Council and Henry Coventry on the Prudence of which two the King much relied as his Embassadours for carrying on the Peace which at length was concluded at Breda upon no less honourable Conditions than what the King had demanded before the War And now this Naval War carried on by the successful Valour of York the Courage of Prince Rupert and Albemarle is at length terminated in a most specious Peace but such as drew the fate of that perfidious People upon themselves the beginning of the fall of the Vnited Provinces being to be calculated from that War The King was not a little inclined to facilitate the profitable Peace that the Citizens might have time to rebuild the City And the War being now over he made it his care to erect to himself Trophies of Glory upon the Ruines and Rubbish of London instead of a wooden City which he had lost laying the foundations of one of Brick that might more powerfully resist the flames Nor were the Citizens allowed to build at their pleasure but the streets being first staked out and enlarged on each side every one built their houses in a strait and equal front London rising again with so much beauty and uniformity that the loss of the old City was hardly regreted October the twenty third the King being honourably received in the City laid the first Stone in the foundation of the Royal Exchange the next was laid by the Duke of York an auspicuous Presage of the splendour of the Structure The loss of a memorable and much-lamented person must here have an honourable mention in our Annals For this year Abraham Couley a man of famed Wit both at home and abroad and for his delightful Learning a Companion to the chief of the Nobility of England departed this life His Poetical fancy seemed to be inspired with some divine breath which in sweet numbers the Monuments of his own glory after Maro and the delights of Rome equalled the Raptures of Pindar and the Gracefulness of Athens No man was more sublime nor modest than he and he lived with the same politeness and grace as he wrote in Verse and Manners being equally conspicuous The next year was taken up in building of the City with so great magnificence of modern Pomp that it might be thought that the Citizens in digging and clearing the Ground had found Mines of Gold amongst the Rubbish of the Ruines Nor will it be more the wonder of this than of future Ages that during the calamity of a dangerous War and amidst the many losses of Merchants there still remained in the hands of the Citizens such vast stocks of Money to build new and stately houses and in their minds so much resolution as in time of War to promote the works of Peace For now in less than the space of three years a new City was raised which being purged by Fire and having expiated its former Offences recovered more than its ancient Vigour and Glory The Fame of the Roman Virtue will hardly sound so loud in future Ages in that Lands were bought and sold at Rome whilst Hannibal was at the Gates of the City when now it may be heard that after a late and devouring Plague after a lamentable Fire that laid the City in Ashes and whilst three most powerful Nations were in War with us The English still retained that confidence of their own fortune and height of mind as to resolve and to be able to lay the Foundations of a new and so magnificent a City and that under so much Affliction they dared to look beyond their Calamities And that there might be a standing Monument of the sad Conflagration or rather a Trophy of the Cities Restauration the Citizens of London growing greater in their Misfortune and magnificent in their Adversity erected in the place where the dreadful Fire began a Lofty Pillar one hundred and seventy foot high all of Portland Stone not much inferiour to Marble And that we may not always have need to return to ancient Annals for Monuments of magnificence this year Gilbert Sheldon after the death of Juxon Archbishop of Canterbury perfected the Theatre of Oxford a lasting Temple of the Muses and a Capitol consecrated to Apollo which he dedicated as a Circle to the learned Exercises and Acts of the Gown and a new Ornament to the Vniversity finished at his own vast charges and by the advice and contrivance of Sir Christopher Wren a most ingenious Architect and Mathematician On the outside the Beholder may admire the magnificence of the Structure and within be delighted with the comliness and beauty of the Theatre being incompassed around with lofty and regular Benches for the convenience of Spectators Underneath is to be seen a most excellent and well-contrived Printing-house All which will be a lasting Monument of the Founders Fame so long as men can speak in his Theatre or Books be printed at his Press Last year the Duke of Ormond returned into England after he had with the reputation of extraordinary Wisdom governed Ireland as Lord-Lieutenant for the space of seven years and this year the Lord Roberts a Person of great Integrity Prudence and Worth succeeded in that Government In the mean time