man 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that first built Cities and Temples and was the first King on Earth Others of them tell of Lycosura r Pausan. lib. 8. in Arcadie to be the first Citie erected vnder heauen Nay some of later s Constant Manasses in Annalibus times and Christians haue translated the title of the first Monarchie into Egypt as if they had not read holy Writ but rather followed t Trogus hist. 1. them which tell vs that Uexoris King of Egypt and Tanaus King of Scythia preceded the Assyrian Monarchie Indeed the storie of Abraham iustifies great Antiquitie in the Egyptian Pharaoh's and in Europe that Aegialeus K. of the Sicyonians rightly challengeth perhaps as much But wee can relie for truth herein only vpon Moses and must slight both those fabulous reports of Grecians and others as also what occurres in the fragments of the true Berosus Hestiaeus Alex. Polyhistor Adiaben Iulius African and the like touching who raigned before Nimrod and the Floud For the Chaldeans from whom some of these had their originall relations pretended that they had a true storie remaining in Babylon of u 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Alex. Polyhist ap Euseb. in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 CL. M. yeers Diodore and Cicero speak of a farre greater number but this is enough in which they reckoned discents of Kings part whereof yet remain's incapable of likelyhood in some of those autors As them for this point so much more haue we here neglected those Annians and counterfeits Archilochus Xenophon Berosus autres quimenteurs Abusent du loisir bonté des lecteurs as the noble Du Bartas of them King and Emperor Whence and what was Emperor How the Roman Emperors reckoned their Yeers The Hate in Rome to the name of Rex How their Emperors abstain'd from it Who of them first ware a Diadem At length others called them Kings but they wrote themselues alwaies Emperors The two Titles as indifferent 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a vsuall word for Emperor The Coat of Constantinople and its signification Differences twixt the Emperors of the East and West about the titles of Basileus and Rex and Emperor and letters twixt them about it The King of Bulgaries prerogatiue To the Prince of Sicily anciently Rex hereditary Emperor vsed by other Princes By the Kings of England Their Supremacie from Papall power free anciently By the K. of Spaine The Flattering Rules of Ciuilians touching their Emperor Notaries in Scotland which with other Kingdoms hath as suprem power respectiuely as the Empire in making them The Duke King or Emperor of Russia or Moscouy Czar To whom he vsed not in his title King or Emperor subiect-Subiect-Kings Bohemia made a Kingdom A Sword vsually giuen in making a subiect-Subiect-King Danemark Letters of Ph. de Valois touching Ed. III. his not stiling him King To whom the title of King is truly due The English Heptarchie alwaies vnder One supreme England how and when named The King of Man Of the Wight Of Ireland subiect-Kings Henrie III. his Letters to the K. of Man King of Kings by whom vsed The storie of Iudith vnknown but from Europe to the Iewes The Great King Custome of giuing Earth and Water in acknowledgement of subiection Herbam dare Liuerie and seisin of England to the Norman Rex Regum vsed by the Kings of England Edgar and Athelstan their greatnes Particular right of the title of Emperor anciently in the Kings of this I le Constantine the Great was born in Britain with more speciall authoritie for it then any hath vsed Honor to the Emperors in Kissing their Feet Hands Knees Kisses of salutation among the Persians Adoration what it is properly Kisses of Ciuill Duty in most Nations Osculum Pacis and after Praiers In Homages An act that none should Kisse the King in Homage The Notation of our words King and Queen The British Cuno Words in diuers languages for King CHAP. II. BY King and Emperor haue been and still are most supreme Princes titled Yet so that for continued Maiesty and note of powerfull Rule in both those affections of State Peace and Warre the first was of ancient time the greater and that of Emperor 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Imperator or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. the Generall of an Armie was for any which had to him committed supremacie in Martiall dscipline although but for some particular hoast In the Roman storie occurres frequent testimonie of it And thence came it that Iulius Caesar being Dictator and a Generall after he had gotten euen the Monarchie of Rome wrote himselfe in his Edicts and Coins AΥTOKPATΩP DICTATOR PERPETVO IMPERATOR the first and last of which titles continued in his successors But it is obseruable to this purpose that by neither of those were the yeers of their Empire reckoned but a long time by their Tribunitian Power beginning in Octauian whence they were as sacred against all violence and wrongs Amongst many one Coin thus inscribed shewes it IMP. CAESAR AVGVST PON. MAX. TR. POT XVI COS. XI IMP. XIIII which was made in the XVI yeer from the States giuing him that inuiolable title The number added to IMP. beeing only so often increased in his and others Coins as they had by themselues or their Generalls performed some a Dio Cassius hist. 53. great matter in the Warres In the infancie of their Empire they abstained purposely from the name of Rex or King being a word grown odious to Roman libertie after Brutus his plucking it out of Tarquin's hands In solemne memorie wherof they yeerly celebrated on the VII kl of March the XXIII of our Februarie their feast Regifugium As also they prouided that no concurse for Marchandise in the Citie should euer happen vpon the Nones of any month Seruius Tullius his birth day they knew was in thè Nones but not of what month and therefore they prouided it b Macrob. Saturnal 1. cap. 13 Veriti ne quid Nundinis collecta Vniuersitas ob regis desiderium nouaret And to palliat som part of his ambitions I. Caesar himselfe beeing saluted King by the multitude but withall perceiuing it very distastfull to the State by the Tribun's pulling off the white fillet from his Lawrell answerd Caesarem se non Regem esse refusing vtterly also and consecrating the Diadem which Antony would haue often put on his head to Iupiter For the same reason did Octauian abstain from the name of Romulus which yet he much affected Alike was the dissimulation of the next Tiberius vnder whom were eadem magistratuum vocabula as Tacitus his words are which were before but the sum and sway of things was ingrost and cunningly kept vnder One differing in name rather then nature from a King as hee well obserued that subscribed Iulius his statue with Brutus quia Reges elecit Consul primò factus est Hic quia Consules eiecit Rex postremò factus est The more
Greek hath not an expresse word for Maiestie Som haue q Glossar Vet. Graeco-lat v. 2. Petri cap. 1. com 16. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 turned 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Maiestas and Magnitudo but it properly signifies the last not so well the first which comes plainly from a Comparatiue Maiestas itaque are Casaubons words si verbi proprietatem spectamus Numinis est solius quod omnibus ijs quae magna dici possunt est maius Usurpatio est cum Principibus maiestas tribuitur But obserue their tradition of the Godesse Maiestie They fained that at first there was no distinction of Place or Precedence among the Gods but that the meanest would somtimes sit in Saturns own Throne And this they say r Ouid. Fastor 5. continued Donec Honor placidoque decens Reuerentia vultu Corpora legitimis imposuere toris Hinc sata Maiestas quae mundum temperat omnem Quáque die partu est edita Magna fuit Nec mora consedit medio sublimis Olympo Aurea purpureo conspicienda sinu As Maiestie was there bred of Honor and ReÌ„uerence so proportionatly mongst men and thence the word applied to the supreme of Men. But also they vsd Numen Imperatoris and Oracula Augusti for Edicta and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as if you should say diuinitùs sancimus for statuimus And before this great communicating of Maiesty the Emperors s Paul ff de legat 2. l. 87. §. Lucius Scoeuola ff lib. 40. tit â—1 l. 3. had the attribute of Sanctissimus and such like These beginning vnder Heathenisme continued after Christianitie Whence when they speak of the Crimen Maiestatis they t Athaliat tit 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 66. Glossar Vet. Sanctitas Regum ap Iul. cas in Tranq vse 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which may be interpreted a iudgment or accusation touching what is committed against a thing sanctified or sacred But I think 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 will be most proper in substance for Maiestie although George Codin translated hath alwaies Regnum for his 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Vnder fauour not without error They had also their u Codin Meurs Gloss. Graeco Barb. in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. sacred Maiestie which was proper only to the Emperor and that when others spake to him he himself in modestie omitting Sacred and speaking only 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 But Maiestie exprest in this word was communicated also to the Despote Sebastocrator and Caesar. The Despot was the heire or successor apparant of the Constantinopolitan Empire vnderstand of the times since Alexius Comnenus though before him it were a generall name as My Lord the Sebastocrator the second from him in dignitie and next the Caesar Protosebastus and so forth But to our purpose receiue this out of their c Curopalat 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 quem tamen absque Iunij Restitutione locorum ne legas traditions Before the Emperor they calld the Despote My Lord 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and Maiestie was applied to him the Sebastocrator My Lord 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Sebastocrator the Caesar my Lord Caesar in those words as the other and to both these also was Maiestie 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 applied But if any other Great men about the Court 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 had occasion to vse the Despot's name to the Emperor they thus My Lord 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Your sonne the Despote If they speaking among themselus mention'd him then 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Our Lord the Despote For in later Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is Our either corruptep from their ancient own or induced by Tartarian or Turkish wherein Babamus is our Father If a great man spake to the Despote he might either call him My Lord the Despote with the word last remembred or for greater honor Our Lord the Despote If any of the Despot's seruants or followers vsd his masters name to the Emperor hee might not call him 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which I interpret to be in fashion the same with Our My Lord when we speake indifferently of any Nobleman but 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. My Lord and Master your sonne the Despote For so I thinke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is best here translated If a man spake to any of their other Great men 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 hee neuer vsd 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 but 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 On the other side 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 was neuer vsd to the Despote but 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Neither could they render reason for all those but because vse and custome had brought them to it Neither hath the Grammaticall difference of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 any thing to do here For our Kingdome Maiestie saith the learned Author of the Remains came hither in time of Henry the Eight as Sacred Maiestie lately in our memory Vnderstand him as it was commonly in vse and properly to the King applied For in the Epistles of Iohn of Sarisbury is Maiestas tua diuers times to Henry Fitz-lempresse vnder whom hee liu'd and the same is there vsd also to Pope Adrian Grace mongst vs began in time of Henry IV. and Excellent grace as you read in the Remains vnder Henry the Sixt. High and mighty Prince vnder Edward the fourth But about those times it was not solely proper to the King as it seems by the Concord touching the title of the Crowne twixt Henry the sixt and Richard Duke of Yorke made in XXXIX Henry VI. in Parliament at Westminster with this title Betwixt the most High and most mighty Prince Henry the fixt King of England and of France and Lord of Ireland on the one partie and the right High and mightie Prince Richard Plantagenet Duke of Yorke on the other partie and the Duke of Glocester vnder Henry the a Parl. 3. Hen. 6. art 1. 26. sixt is calld High and mightie Prince and the Duke of Excester Hault and Puissant Prince Anciently how our Soueraigns were in this kind titled may be obserud vpon these examples Au Tresnoble tréshonorable Prince son trescher Seignior si luy pleist Monsieur Edward per la grace de Dieu Roy d' Engleterre Signior D'irland Duc D' Aquitaine le sone Henry Percy reuerence honeurs In a letter b Rot. 25. Ed. 1. in Arce Londini de Rebus Scotiam tangentibus memb 4. 6. saepius to Edward 1. writen from Dunwich and the like in diuers other Records is And there the Barons of the Exchequer send to the King with Nous maund à vostre hautesse c. But also in times later then Edward 1. titles and notes of Greatnes being not in that distinction or Curiositie as now som such as are with vs mean were competent to highest Princes I remember I
name as designing only a Goddesse or Starre of sight generally which Cubar will well endure And those Eastern parts had euer anciently the Moon vnder both Sexes in their Deuotions Lunus k Spartian in Caracall vbi consulendus V. Cl. Is. Casaubonus and Luna Which seems not of yonger beginning then the adoration of the Sunne among the Persians which as the Crescent now to the Mahumedans was in some sort vsed and set vpon their Royall pauillions Patrio more Persarum saith l Curt. lib. 3. Xenophon lib. 8. Cyropaediae Curtius traditum est orto sole demùm procedere die iam illustri signum è tabernaculo Regis buccinâ dabatur Super tabernaculum vnde ab omnibus conspici possit image Solis crystauo inclusa fulgebat But of their Moon thus much And thus much of the Externall Ensigns of Maiestie Other particulars there are to this purpose But either so obsolet that our Age hath not to do with them as the carrying of Fier before the Persian and Roman Emperors the Ius Capillitij of France and the like Or so peculiar to some only that they are rather to be referd to the Countries custome and Ceremonie then Royall Maiestie TITLES OF HONOR SECOND PART PRinceps and Princeps Iuuentutis Caesar when first the Title for the apparant successor Rex Romanorum Despote Sebastocrator Caesar Panhypersebastus in the Eastern Empire The Despotes Crown An Innominat Title before Despote Daulphin The beginning cause and signification of that name in the French heirs Humbert Daulphin his Epitaph in Paris The Salique law and its interpretation Goropius his coniesture why the Franks allow not Womens gouernment Monsiuer title of the Brother and heire The custome of the French Peers being at the Queens Childbirth Clyto Clitunculus for the Saxon Princes Etheling or Adeling Errors of Polydore Duke of Normandie Prince of Wales when begun as proper to the Eldest son and heire of England Duke of Cornwall Prince of Scotland Duke of Rothsay Steward of Scotland Earldom of Rosse by Act of Parliament made as Appanage to the second sonnes in Scotland Infanta of Spain Prince of Astura The Pragmatica of Philip II. for writing to the Infanta of Spain CHAP. I. TO auoid the danger of an ensuing Anarchie as well in Electiue as Hereditarie Monarchies a designation hath vsually been of the next APPARANT HEIRE or successor and that by some honorary name In In the first of the Roman Empires infancie successors were by adoption appointed and stil'd Principes Iuuentutis The first example was in Octauian his adoption of Caius and Lucius sonnes of his daughter Iulia by Agrippa Yet as is before toucht with them Princeps alone was equiualent with the name of Emperor Otho to his a Tacit. Histor. 1. Annal. 1. Armie Nec priuatum me vocari sustineo Princeps a vobis nominatus nec Principem alio Imperante And of Augustus the same autor Lepidi atque Antonij arma in Augustum cessere qui cuncta discordijs ciuilibus fessa nomine Principis sub imperium accepit Thence came Principatus and b Tertullian lib. adu Hermog Principium to bee abstracts for their Power and Gouernment The affectation of this Title by the Emperors sprang from the vsuall name of Princeps Senatus which was before the Caesars known among them So did they in this preuent innouation Whereupon the dissembling Tiberius often c Dio. hist. 57. affiâ—md himself 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Emperor of the Armie but Prince of the Rest. But those who were constituted for succession had alwaies the addition of Iuuentutis to Princeps which Zonaras turns 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Prince of the Youth The two adopted by Octauian are exprest by this name in a Coine picturd with them circled thus C. L. CAESARES AVGVSTI F. COS. DESIG PRINC IVVENT in the hands of that noble Mark Velser of Auspourg Others like are extant with that Title being as is supposd worn out of that Ancyran monument where you read EQVITES ROMANI VNIVERSI PRINCIPEM .......... HASTIS ARGENTEIS DONATVM APPELLAVERVNT The defect is supplied by coniecture of two great and most learned Critiques Casaubon and Lipsius with IVV. C. for Iuuentutis Caium And as Princeps Senatus was chief in their Senatorian order in their free State before the Caesarean Empire was the name of Princeps Iuuentutis for a chief in the Ordo Equestris So is the sonne of C. Curio named by d Orat. in Vatinium videâ— Lips Elect. lib. 2. cap. 1. Cicero From Octauian vntill Hadrian this Title remain'd for the apparant successor Thence began Caesar to that purpose For although others before which were apparant successors had that name yet in them it was as a note of their family not of their hope to the Empire But Hadrian by this name adopted Aelius Verus Of him thus Spartian Primus tantùm Caesaris nomen accepit adoptione Adriani familiae principum adscriptus And a little after Nihil habet in vita sua memorabile nisi quod primus tantùm e Iul. Capitoâ—inus in Clod. Albino docet quibus insignibus vti Caesarem licuit ex Epistolâ Commodi Aug. Ad Albinum v. Capitolin in Vero Imp. Caesar est appellatus so Casaubon reads instructed out of a Ms. in the French Kings Library non testamento vt antea solebat neque eo modo quo Traianus est adoptatus sed eo propè genere quo nostris temporibus à vestra Clementia he writes to Diocletian Maximinianus atque Constantius Caesares dicti sunt quasi quidam principum filij Viri designati Augustae maiestatis Haeredes Which disproues the tradition of Aur. Victor that in the adoption of Hadrian by Traian the name of Caesar first was the mark of succession Abhinc diuisa saith he nomina Caesarum atque Augusti inductúmque in Remp. vti duo seu plures summae potentiae dissimiles cognomento ac potestate dispari sint Caesar was then what remains to this day in the Western Empire known more vsually by REX ROMANORVM Which began with the Translation it seems of the Empire out of Greece into France Of the inauguration of Charles le magne writes Sigebert Karolo Regi Imperatorias laudes acclamant eúmque per manum Leonis Papae Coronant Caesarem Augustum appellant Pipinum verò filium eius Regem Italiae Ordinatum collaudant But it s obserud that after Charles surnam'd Crassus all the Emperors before him being meerly hereditarie enioying their Title not so much by Coronation or Vnction as right descendible no other stile was assum'd till Consecration from the Pope but Rex Romanorum and that it being had thenceforth they were all writen Augusti and Imperatores and so in their Charters was it by themselues obserud with Anno Regni so much Imperij so much Quod omnes saith a De Comitijs Imperatorijs Onuphrius posteà eius of Charles the Grosse
Another very n Helmold Chron. Slauor 1. cap. 8. ancient of the Emperor Henry I. hee raignd in DCCCCXX of Christ that after his victories against Worm King of Danmarch he apud Sleswich quae nunc o De isto oppido consulas Ethelword lib. 1. pag. 474. Malmesb. de gest Reg. 2. cap. 2 cui Eâ—theisi Hurtheby Librariorum incuriâ dicitur Heidebo dicitur regni terminos ponens ibi Marchionem statuit Saxonum Coloniam habitare praecepit And Maiores nostri saith p Annal. Boior 6. 4. Auentin vnumquodque regnum quo citeriora eius tutiora forent iuxta Cardines Coeli in limites quibus praefectos cum praesidijs Militum Equitum imposuere diuiserunt illos Marchas hos Marchigraphos appellant The later Grecians from the Italian Marchese call it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Lady Anna Comnena names Tancred 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 where the very Italian is And one q Nicephorus Greg. histor 7. of them I know not why saies it signifies 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. The Kings Standardbearer They might well bee deceiud in this Western name as in others they vsually are The ancientest testimonie which I haue obserud of the name is about Charles the Great In his d Ap. Goldast Constit. Imp. tom 2. in Capitulari Carol. Magni cap. 5. Constitution De legia Imperij Transalpini sede tenenda are reckond Duces Marchiones and in other writings of that age Therefore is he much deceiud that * Krantz in Wandalic 3. cap. 16. Saxon. 3. cap. 9. saies the first mention of Marchio is in that of Henry I. Emperor at Sleswic and perhaps as faulty in that he interprets Marquisat by Districtum vnius Villicationis aut Ditionis because the Territories of Villages or Towns he saies the Dutch call Ueltmarcks I doubt not but that Marck there also is originally as before we haue deliuered But as wee haue alreadie shewd of Dux and Comes Primi ordinis so of them both and Marqueste you must remember that all three and that after the French Empire were dâ—stinctions of Name more then Dignity They concurd euen in one man For the Roman times all three are plainly exprest in e Sidon Apollinar Panegyric Anthemio this Comitis sed iure recepto Danubij ripas tractum limitis ampli Circuit hortatur diponit discutit armat For the French vnder the Emperor Lewes II. Trachulfus saith an f Anonym Annal Franc. edit à Pithoeo sub anno 873. Ancient Comes Dux Sorabici limitis mense Augusto defunctus est Comes Dux limitis euery man may see included Duke Count and Marquesse Diuers such testimonies you shall meet with But when other titles in the German Empire vnder Otho I. were by feudall right made hereditary and Honorarie this also among them had the same Change being before with them for life And the Feudall Marquisats of Lusatia Brandeburg Brabant that they calld Of the holy Empire were about that time created In their Language they name them Markgraues i. Comites Limitanei or gouernors of the Frontiers and thence their Monks made their Latine Marggrauius-Obijt saith g In Annal. Dominic Celmariens sub Anno 1291. one Marggrauius de Missen speaking of Frederique Marquesse of Misnia The solemnity of Creating them as of Dukes in the Empire anciently was by deliuery of one or more Banners as in the example of Austria is remembred where we speak of Dukes When this Title became first distinct in France I know not But there also the Count of Burgundy is anciently h Frodoard Chronic. sub An. 921. calld Marchio Burgundiae and Richard Duke of Normandie twixt whom and our King Ethelred Pope Iohn XV. desired to make a peacefull composition sent Leo Archbishop of Triers into England with letters of credence in the i Epist. Ioh. Papae dat Rothomagi 991. apud Malmesbur de gest Regum l. 2. c. 10 same letters is only titled Richardus Marchio So an old k Lips Louan 1. cap. 12. An. 1138. Charter Godefridus Dei Miseratione Dux Marchio Lotharingiae Comes Louanij c. An ancient Autor l Anthonie de la Salle chez Lâ—oyseau des serg cap. 5. of that Country says the Marquesse Est inuesty auec vn anneau de Ruby But the Ring is now turnd into a Crown or Coronet which they call mâ—slée mixt that is part Fleuronée and part perlée because the Marquesse is as it were participating of both twixt Duke and Count. Yet they haue by a distinction giuen presedence to some ancient Counts before some ancient Marquesses as to Counts of whole Prouinces before Marquesses of only Frontier Towns and to those Marquesses before other Counts or Gouernours of Towns Nay and some haue disputed and deliuerd that the Title of Count there generally is before Marquesse and indeed the Marquesse of Iulliers m Froissart Volum 1. fueill 24. was as for addition of honor made Count by the Emperor Lewes of Bauiere Yet a late Autor Charles L'oyseau is confident that in regard all the ancient Duchies and Counties which were entire Prouinces are reunited to the Crown and that those of later time are but of such parts as it hath pleasd the King to giue and vnder such limitations the name of Marquesse there is generally before Couut But for this and the like remember that of the famous and learned Alciat Cum in Boijs saith he Liguribus plerique sint Marchionis siue Baronis titulum sibi arrogantes vitae genere moribusque ab Agrestibus parùm differentes Hos pro Ignobilibus habendos existimauerim sod omnino hac in re multum consuetudini tribuendum quae plerunque non eadem vbique est Quapropter in Gallia Marchionibus praeferuntur Comites Plurimùm verò Principalis ipsa concessio pollet Siquidem omnes Dignitates ex supremi ipsius Principis arbitrio pendent qui si velit ea dignitate ornare Baronem potest vt Comitibus anteponatur nihilque eam vulgarem sententiam facere qua tradiderunt aliqui Comitem esse qui decem Marchionibus Marchionem qui Decem Baronibus Baronem qui decem Capitaneis praesit In England as a Dignitie Honoratie it hath not been of great antiquitie But for the name one that n Ioan. Sarisburiens de Nugis Curial lib. 6. cap. 16. wrote vnder Henry II. complaining of Cowardise in the English vses the storie of those wiues and mothers of the Persian armie put to flight by the Medes which came all running to meet their sonnes and husbands beseeching them valiantly to renew the field and finding them faint hearted sublatâ veste as Iustin's words are transcrib'd by this Autor obscoena corporis ostendunt rogantes o Non vini vt malè codex meus typis excusus num in vteros Matrum vel Vxorum velint refugere The armie for very shame retired stoutly fought and had the day and
40. Common law grown verie diuers from what the words are And the amerciament for the in misericordia of an Earle Baron and Bishop is fiue pound in certain and the books giue the reason where that amerciament occurres because they are Peers of the Realm And since Dukes haue been here theirs is accounted x 19. Ed. a sol 9. v. 38. Ed. 3. fol 31. a. 21. Ed. 4. fol. 77. Br. tit Amerciament 47. ten pounds But for the Paritie of those which should amerce the 〈…〉 seems that euen when the Grand Charter was granted the Barons of the Exchequer and the Kings lustices were held for their sufficient Pares Out of Bracton is my Testimonie Comites verò vel Barones saith hee non sunt amerciandi nisi per Pares suos secundum modum delicti hoc per Barones Scaccarij vel coram ipse Rege Therefore in a Writ of Right brought against Henry Earle of Northumberland y 1. Hen. 6. sol 7. a. vnder Henrie VI. where vpon Battell ioynd and default iudgment finall was to be giuen against the Earl with the in Misericordia the addition in the expressing of it on the Bench saies Mes in tant que le Counte est vn Peer de Realm il sera amercie par ces peers solonque lestatute pur ceo Nous mittons amerciament en certain And although in this point of Amerciament a Bishop be in the smae degree with a lay Baron yet for triall z Temp. Hen. 8. tit Triall 142. de Episcopo Rosfensi by his Peers in capitall crimes he is otherwise because that is personall and his being a Baron is ratione Officij Tenurae not of personall Nobilitie Yet also in cases touching his estate as in Reall actions or personall which may touch his Realtie hee hath the prerogatiue of a lay Baron as not to haue the Iurie returnd vpon a a 13. Ed. 3. Chalenge 115. Enquest 43. 8. Eliz. Dy. fol. 246. vide Plowd Com. 1. c. Newdigat 14. 15. â—lizab Dy. fol. 318. a. Uenire facias without a Knight in it which for both lay and spirituall Barons is allowd for a good challenge to the Array as a priuiledge of Nobilitie The reason of that double Parity in England that is that all Barons and Dignities aboue them are Peers of the Realm and all other vnder them are Peers also mongst themselues I imagined to proceed from the Feudall Customes of Pares Curtis Domus or Palatij For as all Tenants eyther Knights Squires or Yeomen Freemen to the King or Subiect are in regard of their Lords Court and their own like Tenancies Peers known by that name of Pares Curtis in the Feudalls so Barons Earles Dukes and the like being with vs in England Tenants in regard of their Baronies Earldomes and Dukedomes only except those ancient possessors of XIII Knights Fees and a third part which were so Pares Baronum also to the King or rather to the Crown had among themselues a speciall and distinct Parity by reason of their Lords sole Maiestie and might not amisse bee stiled Pares Regij or Coronae because the very names of their Dignities supposd their Tenures of greater note and of the Crown necessarily and immediatly Whereas the other inferior Dignities as they had to do with Tenures or expresse Offices were farre more common as they had regard to subiects Although in this difference a sufficient exactnes of reason be not yet I suspect that a better is hardly found The Pairs and Pairries of France or their Douze pairs are of another kind and as by a speciall honor of State so calld Of them were anciently VI. lay and as many ecclesiastique The lay were the Dukes of Guienne of Burgundie and Normandie the Earles of Tholouze Flanders and Champagne The ecclesiastique the Archbishop of Rheims in regard of his prerogatiue of annointing the King chief of them all the Bishops of Laon Langres in reputation Dukes also the Bishops of Beaunais Chalons and Noyon Earles Of these the Earldom of Flanders being now in another Dominion and the other fiue lay Dignities vnited to the Crown of France the Ecclesiastique only remain But so that the pleasure of the State hath since reordained diuers other Pairries as they call them Bretagne Du Haillan liure 3. Du Tillet Plusours Burbon Aniou Berry Orleans and others Their Dignitie claimed precedence of what other Princes of the bloud soeuer and it s reported that at the Coronation of Charles VI. Philip the first of that name Duke of Burgundie had place of his elder brother Lewes Duke of Aniou vpon this reason But at the Coronation of Francis II. the Q. Dowager Catharine disliking that any of the later instituted Peers those ancient Cl. Fauchet de Dig. lib. 2. being now extinct should haue preeminence of the Kings children so ordered that her other sonnes all clothed in the habit of Peers should go immediatly after the King The first creation of them by the common opinion is referd to Charles le magne and some neater iudgments dare follow it But it s not likely that they were instituted vntill the Dignities of Duke and Earle grew Hereditarie which was not till after Charlemagne Much lesse should iudgment referre them to our British Arthur a time more then M. yeers since as some do perswaded by a tradition in our British storie which the great Lawier Hotoman also assents to Indeed in Geffrey of Monmouth they are spoken of by the name of XII Consules in the life of Arthur and Robert of Glocester in Arthur calls them the b Douze Pairs Dosseperes of France Another and a reformd opinion is that about M. C. LXXX They were instituted by Lewes VII which I could haue soon credited had I not seen that the British storie turnd into Latine iust about Lewes VII his age by that Geffrey of Monmouth as also c Hotoman Francogall cap. 14. Gaguin Chron. 4. cap. 1. Geruase of Tilburie in his Otia Imperialia dedicated to the Emperor Otho IV. euen next that very time had mencioned the XII Peers generally with reference of them to Arthur Which it seems they would neuer haue don although their professions had been meer Poeticall fiction had the name been in their present ages newly instituted And many think and not without good reason that the British storie was although of no great credit yet ancient before the translation Others d De Villiers ad Fulberti Ep. 96. referre them to K. Robert or Rupert He raignd twixt M. and M. XXX I will beleeu that about him they might haue their originall because before him no such testimonie as is sufficiently credible instructs vs of them and the number But I will rather here play the meer Sceptique Yet that before this Lewes France had its Cour de Pairs or Conuentus Parium which after the institution of the Douze pairs kept the name is plaine by Fulbert Bishop
time professe or read it But when Lothar took Amalfi hee there found an old Copie of the Pandects or Digests which hee gaue as a precious Monument to the Pisans hence it was called h U. Ang. Politian lib. 10. Epist. Marquard Breisacio Litera Pisana from whom it hath been since in M. CD XC VI. translated to Florence where in the Dukes Palace it is almost with Religion preserued and neuer brought forth but with Torches Light and other Reuerence Vnder this Emperor Lothar began the Law to be profest at Bologna where i Odofredus apud Sigonium de Regno Italiae lib. 11. et 7. Irner or Werner as Conrad à Lichtenaw calls him first made Glosses on it about the beginning of Fr. Barbarossa in M. C. L. and by the fauor of this Lothar was Bologna vpon the aduise of Irner it seems constituted to bee k Verba Lotharij ap P. Merul. Cosmog part 2. lib. 4. cap. 33. Legum Iuris Schola vna sola And here was the first Time and Place of that Profession in the Western Empire But Iustinian expressely ordaind that none should teach the Ciuill Lawes except l Constit. de Iuris docendi rat §. Haec autem only in Constantinople Rome and Berytus which although Bartol interprets as of necessitie he was driuen to maintain his Profession with Nisi tempore ius Academiae sit quaesitum yet why then was Bologna no place for the Laws vnder Iustinian for they pretend there to haue been as an Vniuersitie from the Grant of Theodosius the yonger in CD XXIII Plainly vnder Iustinian who euer had taught out of one of those three Cities was Denarum librarum * About thirtie pounds of our monie auri poena plectendus and to be banisht out of the Citie where hee durst so professe Neither would the matter of being a Vniuersitie haue helpt it But before Lothar the Gouernment was by the Salique m Sigon de Reg. Ital. 4. et 8. sub A. 1007. Lombardian and Roman Laws the Roman beeing some piece of what had been vsd in Rome euerie one liuing according to either of them as hee would make choise About the same time also the two Bastard brothers by whose worth and of the third Peter Comestor their Mother thought shee should bee sau'd neither would repent but trusted to hir merit in bearing three so famous Gratian a Monk in Bologna and Peter Lombard at Paris one made the Decree the first Volume autorised for Can on Law by Pope Eugenius III and the other the Sentences Such as since haue writen on the Digests 〈◊〉 Code vntill the cleerer light of Learning began mongst our Fathers talk for the most part like Rablais his Bridoye Some most honord of later time that vnderstood their Text and studied the Laws as well because they would curiously know as bee meerely * Continuall Practisers 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 haue with iudgment instructed in part of this Purpose The Margine confesses without blushing their and all other mens helps If either Enuie or Ignorance question how I bred from the bottome of Obscuritie and so farre from Court-Custome should dare at these Honors let it know I learn'd long since from a Great Clerk that Robert Bishop of Lincoln vnder Henrie III That there was in Libraries greater aid to the true vnderstanding of Honor and Nobilitie then mongst Gold and Purple outsides Hee beeing demanded by the King Vbi n Io. de Aton in Constit. Othoboni tit de Bonis Intestat verb. Baronum Moraturam didicit quâ Filios Nobilium Procerum Regni quos secum habuerat Domicellos instruxerat cum non de Nobili prosapia sed de simplicibus traxisset originem fertur intrepidè respondisse that hee was taught it in the Courts of greater Princes then the K. of England meaning of those Ancients whose Courts were represented in his Volumes of Storie In Coniectures I durst not bee too bold Where but meer fancie can direct it were ridiculous to regard them but when they seem to offer themselues they deserue the choise of Iudgment That Religious abstinence of the old Iews who referd all such Dignos vindice Nodos as were too difficult for their humanitie to Elias his resolution were good to be proportionably more obseru'd in all Learning especially by those which are and too manie are so vnfortunat in their ghesses that on the apparantly worst of diuers they often insist Malicious Censure I regard not Ingenuous I honor Reader Farewell The summe and first Pages of the Chapters The chiefe Matter only of them the particulars being in the Contents before euery Chapter Of the first Part. CHAP. I. THe beginning of a Monarchie the first King pag. 1 CHAP. II. Difference of King and Emperor and much of them the great Duke or Emperor of Muscouy or Russia pag. 18. CHAP. III. Lord. Lord of Ireland Shah and the like pag. 46. CHAP. IV. Caesar Augustus Pharaoh Most Christian King Catholike King Defender of the Faith and such like pag. 68. CHAP. V. Prester Iohn Cham or Chan. Chaliph Amir Almumenin Of the Alcoran Persian Sophi Schach Xa Saa and the like pa. 85. CHAP. VI. Particular formes of Speaking to or by great Persons Maiesty Speaking in the Abstract or Concret Worship and 〈◊〉 pag. 114 CHAP. VII Annointing of Kings Crowns A disputation against receiued opinion of Crowns Tulipant Crowns of seuerall Princer Scepters Globe and Crosse. Croissant of the Mahumedans pag. 128. Of the second Part. CHAP. 1. PRinces apparant successors Caesar. Rex Romanorum Despot Daulphin Monsieur Etheling Clyto Prince of Wales Pr. of Scotland Infanta Prince of Astura pag. 168. CHAP. II. Dukes Of them Counts and Marquesses as the names were anciently confounded Archduke Coniecture whence the seuerall formes of Crowns for subiect Princes came into these Western parts Dukes in seuerall Nations pag. 182. CHAP. III. Marquesses in seuerall States pag. 209. CHAP. IV. Counts and Earles Graffes pag. 219. CHAP. V. Counts Palatin the speciall beginnings of euery of ours in England pag. 241. CHAP. VI. Viscounts and Vidames pag. 250 CHAP. VII Barons the Notation of the word and its seuerall Notions Thanes Vauasours and diuers like p. 258 CHAP. VIII The beginning of Feuds Of the old Saxon Tenures somewhat pag. 293. CHAP. IX Knights and ancient and later formes of Knighting A Knights Fee and Furniture Ius sigilli Aureorum Annulorum Seales Aides Miles Degrading a Knight pag. 305. CHAP. X. Esquyer Armiger Peeres pag. 340. CHAP. XI Bannerets Baronets Knights of the Bath Of the Collar or the particular Orders of Knighthood with their beginnings and chiefe particulars pag. 352. CHAP. XII Turkish Dignities some of Tartarie Clarissimus Spectabilis Illustris Superillustris Patricij pa. 376. Reader At the end are some Additions which I would haue you read with the context The Pages there noted and the Lines will direct you pag. 387. Then follow I. The Faults of the Print corrected and by them
a truth no more then Eugubin's translation of it into Greek for it was extant only in Latine till that imposture to bee legitimat But Iohn of Sarisbury goes on Annulum quoque per me transmisit aureum smaragdo optimo decoratum quo fieret inuestitura iuris ingerenda h Locus deprauatus forte l. ingrediendae Hberniae Hibernia Idémque adhuc Annulus in i l. Curiali curali archio publico custodiri missus est All this was about II. Hen. II. But nothing was executed Som yeers after Dermut Mac Morrogh K. of Lemster beeing distrest by the K. of Connacht and Orereck M. C. LV. K. of Meth whose wife he had but not against hir will dishonord requested aid of the English and had it and was chiefly restord by the valour of R. Strongbow Earle of Penbroke The Earles Greatnes in litle time within the Isle grew suspicious to K. Henry To auoid that he acknowledged the Dominion of his Conquest in the King who som XVII yeers after the Popes Bull entred the Isle with an armie subdued good part of it and had homage of those petit Princes which retained as afore so after this acknowledgment the name of Kings Yet they were not Ordinati solennitate alicuius Ordinis as the k Apud D. Io. Dauies Regiū apud Hibernos Procuratorem Black book of Christ-Church in Dublin speaks nec Vnctionis sacramento nec Iure haereditario vel aliquâ proprietatis successione sed vi armis quilibet regnum suum obtinuit This K. Henry it seems following the syllables of the Bull and his successors hence titled themselues Lords of Ireland in their stile putting it before Duke of Guienne And in the Annals of Ireland you read Ioannes filius Regis Dominus Hiberniae de Dono patris venit in Hiberniam anno aetatis suae duodecimo which was the XIII yeer from the first entrance of Hen. II. and in l Ex Synod 1. 2. Cassiliens Armach ap Camd. De Pauonum pennis in texendis Coronis Consulas Paschal de Coron lib. 10. c. 13. confirmation of his title Pope Vrban III. sent him a crown of Peacocks feathers As likewise Hen. III. made Prince m Pat. 52. Hen. 3. memb 9. Edward afterward Ed. I. Lord of Ireland How King Iohn had obedience of most of the Princes there and establisht English Laws Officers and such more notes of supreme Maiestie Matthew Paris may best instruct you Plainly although some succeeding Princes wrote themselues but only Lords of Ireland yet their Dominion was meerly Royall They had their Iustices or Custodes or Lord Lieutenants or Deputies as at this day they are called of Ireland which were as Viceroy's by Patent with most large Power delegat in the very rights royall then whom no Lieutenants in Christendome as our most iudicious Antiquary obserues comes neerer Kinglike State And. Richard II. being himself but in Title Dominus yet created n Pat. 9. Rich. 2 Robert of Vere being then Earle of Oxford Duke of Ireland with Commission to execnte most inseparable prerogatiues royall Which had been ridiculous if in substance hee had not been as a most perfect King of it But in later time vnder Henry VIII in a o Stat. Hibern 33. Hen. 8. cap. 1 Parliament held at Dublin Sir Anthony Senitleger then Lord Deputie Forasmuch as the King our most gracious dread Soueraign Lord and his Graces most noble progenitors Kings of England haue been Lords of this land of Ireland hauing all manner Kingly Iurisdiction Power Preheminences and authoritie Royall belonging or appertaining to the Royall estate of maiestie of a King By the name of LORD OF IRELAND where the Kings maiestie and his most noble Progenitors iustly and rightfully were and of right oft to bee Kings of Ireland and so to be reputed taken named called it being further added that through want of vse of the iust title and name diuers attempts of disobedience had been in the Irishry it was enacted that the Kings Highnesse his heirs und successors haue the name stile title and honor of King of this land of Ireland with all manner honors preheminences prerogatiues dignities and other things whatsoeuer they bee to the Maiesty and State of a King Imperiall appertaining or belonging And that his Maiesty bee from henceforth his heires and successors named called accepted reputed and taken to bee Kings of this land of Ireland to haue hold and enioy the said stile title maiestie and honors of K. of Ireland with all manner preheminences prerogatiue dignities and all the premisses vnto the Kings highnesse his heirs and successors for euer as vnited and knit to the Imperiall Crowne of the Realme of England Thus much Pope Paul IV. afterward confirmd to K. Philip and Mary with de Potestatis plenitudine Apostolica autoritate Regnum Hiberniae perpetuò erigimus And in the stile of their Parliaments it was henceforth calld Regnum or Realm being before only Terra Hiherniae Of which enough In origination of our English name Lord whereby we and the Scots stile all such as are of the Greater Nobilitie i. Barons as also Bishops it s not easie to satisfie you In our ancient Saxon it was writen hlaforde and was a relatiue to þeow and ðeow man i. a Seruant or Bondslaue and Tenant not any Title or Dignitie To talk of Allodium or Allodius to this purpose as some do is more then idle It would be neerer our present pronunciation if you drew it from Lars or Lartes for so also is the first case vsed by p Lartes Tolumnius Philippic 9. Cicero an old Tuscan word signifying Prince or such like as a q Ios. Scalig. ad Propert. 4. great man deliuers by coniecture whence you haue Lartem Porsenam and Lartem Tolumnium in Liuy Plutarch and Halicarnasseus and Aremoricus Lars in Ausonius But Lar Lartis saith an old r Tit. Prob. Epit. de Nom. Rat. Roman praenomen est sumptum à Laribus Tuscum autem creditum est praenomen esse It were not much stranger at first sight to suppose this Lar or Lartes to be hether transferd then that Lar should yet remain as I haue seen somwhere noted a word for a chief house about Bayeux in France And many worse etymolegies make their authors proud of them But I know you cannot but laugh at this and I will so with you touching it only as ther is such communitie of name twixt it and our present idiom or rater twixt the Scottish Lairds a degree next beneath Knights among them It was afterward pronounced Lauerd and Louerd as you shall see among other testimonies in this beeing a metricall translation of the first Psalme transcribd out of the whole Psalter so turnd and fairly writen about Edward II. his time as the Character perswades which I haue Some wicked hand by cutting the first Capitall left it thus In Bibliothecâ Bodleianâ Oxonij exemplar Psalmorū huic nostro per
may weare a Crown who only a Cap. The beginning of this and that equall of Count in the French state The Counts of Holland and Flanders The Royalties of the ancient Dukes in France Their Crown The reuniting of those ancient Dukedomes and equall Counties to the Crown The later kind of French Dukes farre inferior to the ancient They beare their Crowns on their Armories only Whence the Crowns of Dukes Counts and the like came in fashion in these Western parts The Crowns of the Sebastocrator and Caesar. Appenage 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in a Charter of Edward III. The Ceremonie of inuesting our K. Iohn made Duke of Normandie When Dux came to be a speciall and distinct Title in France When in England The creation of the Black Pr. Duke of Cornwall A ring signe of Principalitie giuen and in Coronation of Kings Inuestitures of Bishops with Staffe or Rod and Ring When left off and remitted in the Empire and with vs. Error in Matthew Paris and Matth. of Westminster Bishoprickes to be giuen by the Kings letters patents without Conge d'eslier by act of Parliament Iohn of Gaunt made Duke of Lancaster the ceremonie and in making Tho. of Woodstock D. of Glocester The chief ceremonie at this day Dux in the Saxon times Duke of Northumberland by that name then hereditarie Dux then was properly their Eople Wergild What. Thrymsa The first Duke in Scotland First Dukes in Castile Ducall Crowns there Titles to be giuen to Dukes and their Grands by the Pragmatica L'oyseau's error concerning Dukes of England 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Duke in Moses and in the common assertion of the Rabbins CHAP. II. NExt to the apparant successor in the Europaean States are the Titles of Duke and Archduke Marquesse Count which we call Earle Vicount Vidame Baron and other more Of whom in their Order Two of them DVKE and COVNT Dux Comes haue their names most ancient but differing much from what they now are appli'd to Philip of Macedon hauing wasted the libertie of Greece seeing that a moderat vse of his victorie was fittest for establishment of his rights of Conquest ita vicit saith lustin vt victorem nemo sentiret Sed nec Regem se Graecis sed Ducem appellari iussit The like did Scipio Africanus in Spaine when Edecon and Andobal a Polyb. histor 10 saluted him King Of whom also b De Amicitia Cicero Quanta illi Dij immortales fuit grauitas quanta in Oratione Maiestas vt facilè Ducem P. R. non Comitem diceres And in another c Orat. pro Cornel Balbo place Si qui sunt quibus infinitum sit odium in quos semel susceptum sit quos video esse nonnullos cum Ducibus ipsis non cum Comitatu assectatoribúsque confligant In the Caesarean Empire Dux was next to Imperator The play of Ducatus Imperia like to our sports sometime vsd in making a Prince with all his officers and dignities was by that name d Sueton. in Ner. cap. 35. known in Rome which Trebellius Pollio calls fingere potestates And Martial e Lib. 6. Epig. 83. 91. salutes Domitian with summe Ducum and titles him summus Dux In like sense Iuvenal Statius others vse this great attribute which in the more ancient times you see plainly was much before Comes as the verie signification of the words shew Dux then properly was at first the Generall of an Armie vnder the Emperor Afterward it became vsually applied to such as had the militarie care of Frontiers As in Scythici limitis f Fl. Vopisc in Aureliano Dux Orientalis limitis Dux Illyriciani limitis Dux Thracij Rhetici limitis Dux g Trebell Poll. 30. Tyrann in Posthum in Celso huc sane referri potest quod de Legionibus quae limitibus praefuere sub antiquioris aeui Impp. habet Dio. hist. 55. Transrhenani limitis Dux limitis Lybici Dux and the like And Spartian sayes of Aelius Verus that he was Pannonijs Dux ac Rector impositus Their office it self was cald Ducatus In an Epistle of the Emperor Tacitus to Probus you read Nos tibi decretototius Orientis Ducatu salarium quintuplex fecimus And they had their Tunicae Ducales known by that name as in Valerians speech to Aurelian is remembred And Ducianum h Iustin. Cod. tit de appellat l. 51. quando 38. Iudicium in later time is vsd for iudgment giuen by them The precedent of their Commission as one by particular we are instructed thus i Cassiodor Var. 7. fox 4. spake Ideoque validum te ingenio ac viribus audientes per illam indictionem Ducatum tibi credimus Retiarum vt milites in pace regas cum eis fines nostros solenni alacritate circumeas But in those times Comites were great men such were in Comitatu Imperatoris of whom Constantine the great in his distinction of honours made some of the first Rank some of the second and some of a third 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which is the same in the words of k Euseb. de vita Constantini 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 one that liu'd and wrote vnder him The forme of giuing the greatest of these honors is thus l Cassidor Variar lib. 6. cap. 12 deliuer'd Quocirca prouocati moribus tuis m Ita dictus Honos ille Graecis vero 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Comitiuam primi ordinis ab illa indictione maiestatis fauore largimur vt Consistorium nostrum sicut rogatus ingrederis ita moribus laudatus exornes quando vicinus honor est Illustribus dum alter medius non habetar Admoneat te certè quod suscepta Dignitas Primi Ordinis appellatione censetur vtique quia te sequuntur omnes qui Spectabilitatis honore decorantur So that a Count of the first rank seemes somewhat before a Duke of a Prouince yet both vnder the same generall note of Spectabiles comprehending both Dukes Counts of Prouinces and some other But these Counts being of the Spectabiles which were between the Illustres and Clarissimi imploid in militarie seruice or state gouernment abroad had the name of Comites n C. de off rect Prou. l. Iustissimos 3. per prouincias o C. de Com. Rei Mil. l. Eos 2. Consulas ad hanc rem Nouell Constit. 27. de Comite Isauriae qui sub Comitiuae primi Ordinis dignitate peculiariter ad quamlibet prouinciam vel prouincias defendendas milit e credito autoritate Imperatorij Nominis destinabantur The Graecians call'd the Counts of the first p Nouell 43. c. 3 rank 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 But howsoeuer the difference of Duke and Count was at the first institution of the Comitiua vnder Constantine or about Iustinians time to which referre that of Cassidore it 's certain they became not long after Constantine equall Honorius and Theodosius in a Constitution Qui q C. de Com.
II chap. I. the Bishop of Rennes with a Crown d' or a haults fleurons d'un Esgale hauteur qui estla Corone Royall For indeed the Royall Habiliments remaind there to the Dukes But those ancient Dukedoms or Counties being too great in Soueraintie for a subiects hand haue by litle and litle been reunited to the Crown as Champagne Brie Bretagne Normandie and the rest like not without much desire and policie of the succeeding French Kings Neither would they euer make any new inuestitures with those ancient Royalties Neither is there one of those so Kingly Dignities yet vnder the French Empire which hath not been drownd in the Crown either by marriage Treason committed or some such cause But they haue created a new Forme both by giuing Appenages to the yonger sonnes as also Dukedoms and Counties to others reseruing alwaies ressort souueraintee as they call it that is their Royalties for receiuing appeals and supremacie of seigneurie and withall in the Appenages the reuersion to themselues in default of heires masles which by an Ordinance of Charles the ninth was extended to all other Dukedoms and Counties in future time to be erected Wherfore the Dukes and Counts at this present and of this later creation in France haue no other marke ot participation of Souuerainty but only in that they beare as L'Oyseau saith la Corone au tymbre de leurs armoiries And are not Seigneurs Souuerains but Suzerains Neither haue they now the Crown as a part of their habit but a formalitie only on their Armorie Ils ne portent pas en teste à present qu'ils ne sont plus que simples seigneurs suzerains ne leur estant aussi plus concedée a present en leur inuestiture partant ils ne l'ont plus qu'en peinture au tymbre de leurs armoiries si ce n'est qu' ils soient Princes Souuerains auquel cas ils la pourroient porter en teste But whereas hee vpon a passage in Uillhehardouin thinks that the Crowns of the first kind of Dukes were not very ancient I rather ghesse them to be at least as ancient as neer som c. yeers from the beginning of the third line For about that time in the Constantinopolitan Empire vnder Alexius Comnenus when the new titles of Sebastocrator and the like were inuented he honord both the Sebastocrator who was then at first apparant successor with a Crown as also the Caesar being the next title to the Sebastocrator 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 saith his a Anna Comnen Alexiad 3. Daughter 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. In a publique Session hee commanded that they should be crowned both the Sebastocrator and the Caesar with Crowns differing much in worth from that which he himself was crownd withall The Sebastocrator's perhaps was then as the Despot's afterward Of that in the first chapter of this book And the Caesar's as the Sebastocrator's in later time Obserue but the succession of one of these titles into anothers place whereof already and you may agree to the Coniecture The Sebastocrators appears in the Emperor b Curopalat 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Cantacuzen's inuesting his wiues brothers Manuel and Iohn with that Dignity and giuing them Crowns 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as my autor saies 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. hauing before only one Arch. And it will not be absurd to think that in imitation of those Eastern Princes the custom of bearing Crowns by such as were inuested in so great Honors came into these Eastern parts What communitie then was twixt the Eastern Western States euery man knows that hath read the Holy warres of that age Som of the French deriue their word Appenage from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 expressing in the Eastern Sacred Du Haillan liure 3. Empire the sacred habitude twixt the Soueraigne and Suzâ—raine Why might not imitation of their habits bee as well as of their language It s more anciciently noted of Charles the d Annal. Incert Aut. sub A. 876. Edit a Pithoeo Bald K. of France that he too much imitated the Constantinopolitan Emperor and how that age about Alexius his time generally affected Helleâ—â—sine and such words of Greek as they could get them is apparant in the Monkish stories then writen in ancient Charters and other examples infinit And afterward in the Charter of the Black Prince his creation into Duke of Cornwall vnder Our Edward III a meer Greek word is inserted by the characters of intimos misprinted in the Princes case Rointimos which is plainly 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. honorificè or such like and could not but ridiculously bee vsd now for Latine Neither can their Crowns anciently bee so much imputed to their then possest Souerainty For then why did our e Coronâ cinctus 1. de Eltham Comes Cornâ—bâ—ae F. Edvv. II. VVestmonasterij Sepultus Earles before any Dukes made in England weare any such Crowns and meerly such as are now Ducal They were not Soueraigns more then their posterity at this day Or why had both our Dukes Marquesses and Earls afterward Crowns to their Creation and as ornaments fiâ—ting their heads not imaginarie only or formaâ—l vpon their Armories But for an example of the ceremonie belonging to those ancient Dukes in France take this of our King Iohn Duke of Normandie Accinctus est as Roger of Houedens words are gladio Ducatus Normanniae in matrici ecclesia he means at Rouen per manum Walteri Rothomagnesis Archiepiscopi praedictus Archiepiscopus posuit in Capite Ducis Circulum aureum habentem in summitate per circuitum Rosas aureas which Matthew Paris and the Annals of Ireland call rosulas aureas artificialitèr fabricatas When it first began in France to bee a speciall and distinct title from Count is diuersly affirmd But they most truly deliuer that suppose it first proper to the Dukes of Bretagne To Iohn the second Gouernor of that Territorie the Charter of Philip le Beau dated in M. CC. XCVII thus grants f Exstraict du lett de Pairrie chez Berttand d'Argentre hist. de Bret. liure 4. chap. 31. Belleforest liure 4. chap. 43. Ducem ipsum qui Comes fuit aliquando nostris vocatus in literis Ducem fore Terram Britanniae Ducatum existere ipsúmque Ducem in posterum deberi vocari autoritate regia ex Certa scientia declaramus tenore praesentium confirmamus This Iohns predecessors being before vsually known by the indistinct name of Dux and Comes Britanniae of whose equiualencie in ancient time alreadie Yet so that the Title was distinctly affected by them before this time Witnesse their Monuments deliuerd in Bertrand d'Argentre and specially the title of our old Earls of Richmond being also Dukes there For in a Charter which I haue of Geffrey Plantagenest sonne to Henry II. beeing possest of both those Territories made to one Richard the sonne of Reiner and his heirs of Tronagium Pesagium de Nundinis meis Sancti
his own and his brothers name were both Robert His at his bâ—ptisme was Iohn But at his taking the Royall gouernment either for the vnluckines of the one name in the French and English or for the good which accompanied the other in his own predecessors changd himselfe out of Iohn into Robert The first Duke in Castile as is * Esteuan de Garibay lib. 15. cap. 27. 54. g Circa m. CCC LXX affirm'd was Frederique bastard sonne to g Henry II. of Castile by him created Duke of Benauente And Iohn successor to this Henry made his second sonne Ferdinand Prince of Lara Duke of Pennafiel Ferdinando minori Regis filio saith Mariana â—ui Lara Principatus erat oppidum Pennafielis additum Ducis nomine Corona Capiti imposita nullis extantibus Floribus quod Collatae dignitatis insigne erat tametsi nostra aetate non Duces sed Comites etiam Coronam clypeis adijciunt Regis haud absimilem But their Ducall Crown now is as in England fleuronee so was that of Ferdinando saith Stephen of Garibay and as a Kings not archt but that only the flowers are lesse and so euen que vna no suba mas que otra as Esteuan de Garibay's words are i. that one bee not higher then another And the ancient Dukes might weare it aswell on their heads as Armories and had diuers such prerogatiues euen Royall when they were all of Royall bloud But for the most part now cessing to bee so most of their prerogatiues also cesse saith Garibay at least in the Kingdomes of Castile In ancient time there aswell as in other places this Dignitie was only for life And to this day my autor is h De Reb. Hispan lib. 8 cap. 2. Mariana the steps of that Estate are in the Spanish Nobilitie For none of them Duke Marquesse or Count vse their titles after death of their Ancestors but Rege denuò annuente vnlesse some few such families only as by the Kings speciall grant may doe otherwise Which although here noted as many other things in this Chapter is appli'd to some Titles hereafter to bee spoken of The Pragmatica ordains that none whatsoeuer shall haue the Title of Excellent or Excellencie But that the the Grands all Dukes mongst them are Grands and some Marquesses and Counts or such as may stand couered before the King shall bee honord with Vuâ—stra Sennoria i. your Lordship And that in superscriptions to any Duke Marquesse or Count the place denominating his dignitie shall to it be added To speake here of particular Dukedomes their rights Regalties and such like were from our purpose Wee haue alreadie rememberd that il Gran Duca di Toscana the Duke of Florence had his Crown radiant and that Title of Gran Duca by speciall indulgence from Pius Qnintus who inscribd i Cicarella in Vit. Pontific his gift with Pius V. Pontifex Max. ob eximiam Dilectionem ac Catholicae Religionis Zelum praecipuumque Iustitiae studium donauit There is a parâ—icular forme of Creation instituted by Paul II. which for the length and because most of the differing Ceremonies are as proper to that Church I omit But there is no Crown but a Cap only Biretum and a Scepter Yet what the Reporter k Marcell corâ—grens Sa. Oerem I. Iust. 7. adds for his difference of Dukes I think may bee worth obseruation Et haec quidem saith he seruantur si Dux est Magnae Nobilitatis Potentiae vt fuit Tempore Domini Pauli PP II. Borsus Ferrariae Si verò esset Mediocris potentiae vt fuit Tempore D. Sixti PP IV. to this Pope this autor was a kind of Master of the Ceremonies Fredericus Dux Vrbini omnia seruantur nisi quod non duceretur à Cardinalibus sed à duobus assistentibus Papae principalibus sederet vltimus post omnes Cardinales in Banco Diaconorum eundo incederet solus post Crucem ante omnes Cardinales Quod si adhuc esset inferior tunc omnia alia seruarentur nisi quod non daretur ei sceptrum neque sederet in banco Cardinalium sed ad pedes Papae in supremo gradu eundo incederet ante Crucem post Oratores alios Principes here you see his triple distinction of them and others haue them by Maiores and Minores Duces wherupon saith the learned l De Coronis lib. 9. cap. 22. Paschalius that the Maiores omnes vnius ordinis esse Censentur omnes propemodum suspiciuntur vt Reges longeque antistant illis quos voco Minores Neyther can any not see much difference twixt those of Florence Ferrara Sauoy Lorrain Saxonie Brunswic and such more which mongst them also differently haue so many imperiall rights and the French of late time English Scotish and Spanish Dukes which are all Seignieurs Suzerains subiect Lords and many of them possessing their denominating Territorie in Tit'e only not in gouernment Yet Charles L'oyseau idly minseth his difference to small where he makes our English Dukes to bee a degree by themselues qui ne sont qu' a vie come Officiers What Dukes he means with vs I know not But all men may know that since Edward III. the Title hath been Honorary and Hereditarie Nor doth that frequent name of Duke occurring in Genes XXXVI belong to this place The word in the holy tongue is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which the Paraphrases of Onkolos and Ionathan turne 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 both signifying a Lord Prince or great Ruler and the m Rabbi S. Iarchi in Genes 6. Com. 15. Ebrewes interpret them there 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Heads of families or Kinreds although Alloph may serue also to expresse any great dignitie vnder a King The Rabbins say that 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Euery Alluph is a Kingdom without a Crown which Elias interprets that euery King not crownd is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 * Dux i. a Duke The Germans call them Hertzogen and Hertochen whence the Hertochij in that vnder the name of the Confessors laws both signifying Dux as he is exercitui praefectus Remember what is in the first booke of the Duke of Moscouie for a Duke vncrowned yet supreme Prince Ducis Limitanei Marquesses whence the name Marque 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in old Gaulish Marcheta Mulieris the Brides maidenhead Mareshall vsuall application of names of a later age to antique relations by old English Poets The deriuation of Marquesse a mari idle 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 How in one man Duke Count and Marquesse was anciently often exprest The beginning of the name of this Dignitie in the Empire Markgraue Marchio Burgundiae and Normanniae His inuestiture by a Ring His Coronet Presedence in France Alciat's admonition in point of Presedence Marchiones in England Iohn of Sarisburie corrected Snowdon Controuersie twixt the Lords Marchers and the Barons of the Cinque Ports about bearing the Canopie Earle of March. First Marquesse in
of Audeley is created Earle of Glocester in Parlament his Patent r Rot. Parl. 11. Ed. 3. Memb. 14. ch 34. memb 23. ch 41. memb 26. ch 49. thus speaking Ipsum in Comitem Glocestriae praefecimus de statu Comitis per cincturam gladij de munificentia regia inuestimus ad nomen omen dicti loci sibi haeredibus suis perpetuò retinendum In like forme William of Clinton is made Earle of Huntindon William of Bohun Earle of Northampton and XX. l. annuity giuen out of the Countie to be receiu'd from the Shirifes hands Many such are extant in the Records And how the girding or deliuery of aâ—sword was in delegation of Imperium or power of gouernment you may see in the Roman s Xiphil in Traiano de hac re affatim Pet. ber Semest 1. cap. 2. Prefectus praetoriorum some other of that State But in later time the chief part of the Ceremony hath been thus exprest in the Patent Per Gladij Cincturam Cappae Honoris circuli Aurei impositionem in signimus inuestimus c. Yet it seems that before any of these examples a Coronet was vsd by them For in S. Edmunds Chapell in Westminster lies buried Iohn de Eltham t Vide Apologiam G. Camden pag. 13. Earle of Cornwall sonne to Edward II. with a Coronet on his head of a Ducall forme Neither in his time could the distinction bee of Ducall Crowns from Earles Crowns as now because no Duke then was in England His Coronet is now Poinctee and Fleuronèe But these Ceremonies are not vsd when an Earledome is giuen to one before possest of a greater Dignitie Then only the Charter selues as an example lately was in the making of Lewes Duke of Lennox Earle of Richmond As in the Eastern State they had their Officiarie Protocomes so in England that name once was in Praecomes u Rot. Parl. 23. Hen. 6. Angliae which grew first and died in Henry of Beauchamp Earle of Warwick vnder Henry the sixt The Scotish stories assertion that Malcolm II. first created this Title there is well tolerable the Dignities there before being all vnder the name of Thanes and Macduff Thane of Fife was first made Earle of the same Territory In Spain are now as elswhere very many and haue their Coronets on their Armories But although diuers Officiary Counts were in their Gothique times knowne by the name of Comites in their Monuments yet as a granted Honorary Title it began in the Kingdom of Castile they say but of late time that is vnder Alfonso XII Hee x A. Chr. M. CCC XXVIII made his speciall fauorit Don Aluar Nunnez Osorin Count of Trastamara Lemos Sarria Hereof saith Mariane Nouum id exemplum fuit nullis anteà in Castellae regno Comitibus The Ceremonie he describes thus Tres Offae in vini poculo oblatae cum inter se Rex Comesque tertiò inuit âssent vter prior sumeret à Rege Offâ vnâ sumptâ à Comite alterâ Ius Caldariae in Castris in Bello Vexilli proprijs insignibus distincti datum In eam sententiam confectis Tabulis atque recitatis consecutus astantium clamor plaususque laeta faustáque nouo Comiti ominantium Is instituendi Comites ritus fuit In Poland of late time both this Dignity and that of Duke began but to few Communicated My Autor thus y Martin Cromer Polon descript lib. 1. of that State Est autem pari dignatione Polonica omnis Nobilitas nec est vllum in ea Patritiorum Comitúmue discrimen exaequatâ quodam tempore omnium conditione Nuper adeò paucis quibusdam parentum vel ipsorummet amplitudine atque meritis Principum beneficio Comitum Decus denuò partum est Ducum qui peculiares habeant dominatus vel Territoria nunquam aliud genus fuit apud Polonos quam id quod à Boleslao Kriuousto Principe this Krziuoust as they write it began to raigne in 1103. propagatum fuit cum is principatum inter liberos diuisisset Verum id iam defecit But in Lithuania Prussia and Liuonia are Dukedoms Gaguin and others call them Ducatus Neither for that State be satisfied here without seeing what we haue in the next Chapter of their Uaiuods and Chastelans Of Counts Palatin two sorts in old storie Palatins generally Counts Palatin without Territory made at this day by the Emperor and Pope Comes Palatij Curator Palatij The office of Comes Palatij in the old French State Chaplains whence so calld Maire Du Maison Count du Palais not the same anciently against diuers that affirme the contrarie Maioratus Senescalcia The true deduction of the name of Counts Palatin differing from the vulgar Psaltzgraffe of Rhine Landgraue Rigordus amended The Palatinat of Champagne Of Chester Durham Ely and Lancaster The Curtan sword born by the Earle of Chester at the mariage of Henry III. Franchise de Werk in our Law Annals Hexamshire Hengstaldemshire its name in our Monks amended Hexam vnited to Northumberland Palatins in Poland their Vaiuods 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Chastellans Palatins in Leitow CHAP. V. AS one diuision of Counts is into PALATIN and Prouinciall The Palatins hauing their denomination from Palatium the Palace or Kings Court the Pronincials from their Prouinces so of Palatins some had that generall name for liuing z Cod. tit de Priuil eor qui sac Palat. Militant lib. 1. tit 34. in Palatia as Palatina Officia and Palatini Comitatenses for the Emperors Gard and the like Others were more specialy titled Comites Palatij as chief Iudges and Vicegerents in the Court for administration of Iustice of whom most mention is in the French storie Of those of the first kind is frequent mention in both the Codes but so that the word Palatins comprehend also whatsoeuer officers were employ'd in the Palace 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 saith an old Glossary of the Law 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. By a common name of Palatins are cald all such as were Officers in the Palace about the Treasurie and interprets it also by 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Court Officers Of Prouinciall Counts alreadie But all honor'd with the Comitiua and following the Emperor might well be and were stil'd among this first kind of Palatins Among these are reckon'd such as haue arrogated that name from XX. years Profession of Grammar Rhetorique Law or the like in Constantinople by a a C. lib. 12. tit 15. 13. vide Cassi dor Var. 6. Form 19. Symmach lib. 1. epist. 26. 37. Constitution of Theodosius and Valentinian which at this day is in the Empire made vse of as also those created Count Palatins without any Territory both by Pope and Emperor which haue with their Honor b Pith. des Com. tes de Champ. luire 1. the Prerogatiues of making publique Notaries constituting Iudges legitimating of Bastards immunitie from Imposts and the like It is written on the Tomb
that 's to bee vnderstood 149. 152. the apparition to him in his warres against Maxentius 160. See in Crosses and in Britons his law about marriage of his Nation 37 Constantine a name much affected in the Eastern Empire 76. The Turks call the old Emperors there Constantins 76. 77 Conuentus Parium in Fr. 250 Coronet See Crownes Corona Chorona whence 137 Counts See in Comites Palatij Counts Palatin 24â— whence the name 244. See in Palatin Cosmas sweaâ—ing by himselfe 66 Cossorassath for Cosroes Shach 110 Cornwall Duchie 178. 199 Cornwall and Deuonshire 201 Cral Cralna i. King Queene and Crol Crolna 45 Craunfeild 271 Crateuitz from Crates 78 Craig Eriry 215 Cretans alwaies liers why 12 Cro of Scotland 286 Cracouian Chastellan in Poland before the Palatin and why 249 Crimen Maiestatis 118. 121 Crosse on the Globe 159. when first vsd ibid. 160. how it was in the Emperors Diadems Standards and the like 160. 161. 162 forbiddeÌ„ to be made on the ground 162 Croissant of the Mahumedans whence 162. 163. seq Crowns the first Inuentor 136. 142 vsd anciently but to Gods 136 whence Corona 137. whether it were a royall distinction mongst the Gentiles before Christianitie 137. seq A disputation that it was not ibid. One giuen to Hippocrates of great value for helping the plague 137. Those in the Games c. ibid. 142. TriuÌ„phall Crowns 159. how they were in ancient Rome 139. 140 at Banquets 141. 142. whence the Crowns worne in the Olympians 142. Crown giuen by Alexander to Diogenes and by him to his sweet-heart 143. of leaues 145. 152. Crown Imperiall how it differs from that of other Princes 150. 151. Constantins first wearing a Crown 149. 152. Crowns of the Iewish Kings 152 the Crown of thorns 153. It was an ensigne of the German Empire See the Preface Crown Radiant of the Duke of Florence 153. First of the British or English Kings wearing a Crown 153. Crown of Scotland 153. First of the West-gothique Kings in Spain 153 See Diadem Crowns by louers set on their Mistresses dores and posts 136 Crowns for Dukes and who of them may weare them 194. 195. 196. 198. Of the Archduke 193 Bearing of Crowns on Armories 196. 206. 288 Crowns how their seuerall forme was in the Eastern Empire and how they came by coniecture to be so different mongst our dignities 197. 198. Crown of the Despot 172 Crown of Peacocks feathers 57 Crowns see Marquesse Earle and Vicount Crowning of the Rex Romanorum 170. 171 Culzum Denizi i. Mer de Bachu 106 Cut out of the wombe are sacred to Apollo 70 Cutberti Terra 248 Curis in Sabin 149 Cunegreuij 389 Cyrbasia 144 Cyprus Kingdome 29 Cynosura Princesse of the Notthern heauen 14 D DAnemark the Kingdome 29 Daniel named by Nabuchadnezar 66 Dates of Turks letters 101 Daulphin Daulphinè 172. the reason of the name 173. seq how the Daulphinè is next to Crown 173. Epitaph of Humbert Daulphin in Paris 174 Dea Syria Dij Syri 11 Defender of the faith 79 Dei gratia by what Princes vsed 116. anciently by Bishops Abbots Master of the Temple c. 116. 117 Despot what he was and how to be spoken to 122. 171. hee might weare Purple shooes 156. how he became the apparant heire 171 his Crown 172. 197 Delphinus See Daulphin Deuonshire Earle 236. those of Deuonshire in the Rereward anciently in Praefat. Degradation of Knights 337 Deputie of Ireland 57. 58 Dermut Mac Morrogh 57 Dhilkarnaijn See Alexander Diadem or Fillet 19. 20. it vsed mong the Europaeans before Alexander for a Note Royall 138 seq what kind of Diadem was Royall 143. 144. what it was 145. 147. 148. See in Crowns and in Tiar Digitus salutaris 40 Dionysius i. Bacchus deriu'd 45 Dignities when they began to be Feudall 189. 190 191. 192. 195. how they are taken after the death of the Ancestor in Spain 206. The dignities of the old Saxons 204. 225. See in Thanes 268. Of the Eastern Empire see in Despot Sebastocrator in Caesar in Panhypersebastus Great Duke in Duke Diogenes See in Crowns Districtuale 249 Doctors of the Ciuill Law to be calld Domini 55 Dominus how vsd or refusd mongst the Roman Emperors 47. seq See in Constantine A Sect that would not allow the word Lord or Dominus to any earthly Prince 49. The word vsd in salutation 47. 53. Tertullians conceit vpon the first occurrence of Dominus Deus in Genesis 50. and there the reason of the reading Dominus Deus Dominus Hiberniae 55. how the Title began 56. when altered 58. Dominus among the Chaliphs 111 Dominae to women 53. 54 Domna 52 Domnus 52 Doctor OmniuÌ„ Credentium 102 Dolphin See Daulphin Douze Paires 349 Droit de Police 266 Druides their sacrificing 10 Drichten i. Lord. 61 Ducatus Imperia a play 182 Duces Maiores Minores 207 Dukes whence their name 182. 183. seq 191. how the same anciently with Comes and how different 186. 187. 188. c. See Comes Whether a Duke anciently had XII or any certaine number of Counties vnder him 189. Inuestiture into a Dukedome ancient and late 191. 192. 195. 199. 200. 202. 207 A Duke to be made by the Archduke 193. Great Duke 193. 27. some Dukes as supreme Princes 120. 194. 195. 207. 383. 384. First Duke in France by distinct name 199. the Greatnes of the ancient Dukes there 195 196. 198. 206. First Duke in England 199. Dukes before the Normans 203. they were Earls 204. First Duke in Scotland 205. First Duke in Castile 205. supposed Reuenue Value and Releif of a Duke 232. Of Poland 240. See Magnus Dux Dukes in Genesis 208 Dux and Comes See Comes Dux Duces Limitum 183. 209. 213 Ducianum Iudicium 183 Ducales Tunicae 183 Ducall habit of the Archduke 193 Durham made a Countie Palatin 228. 247. called Cutberti Terra 248. See in Haliwerk and in Franchise Dublin See Robert of Veer Duell challenge to it in point of equalitie of dignitie 384 E EAgles born on the top of Scepters and why 155. on the Emperors shooes ibid. seq and more of them ibid. Earth and Water demanded in subiection required and a speciall disquisition about that custome 33 Earldome surrendred 231 Earles value 232. See in Comes c. before the Normans in England 203. 204. 225. Inuestiture of an Earle 222. 238. 239. his Coronet 198. 223. 239. 240. whence the name 223. by what seuerall names titled after the Normans 228. how their Territorie was a part of their name 229. 230. They had the third part of the profits of the Countie 231. 232. 233. the sword of the Countie giuen them 237. 238. It was douoted anciently if they might be summoned out of their Countie 234. Denominated from Towns 235. See Arundel Cheif Earle of England by new Creation 239. Of Poland 240 Ealdorman 204. his worth among the Saxons ibid. he